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'  Hagerman  C(|flection 


tllSTORr  AND  POLITICAL  SCIENCE 


JAMES  J.  HAGERMAN  OF  CLASS  OF  '61 


Proreuor  Charie*  Kendall  Adamt 


i 


'4^ 


7^,  ^' 


^  if 


■*. 


THIS  --      -  "^-^ 

ANNUAL   REGISTER,      ^- 

il 
OR    A   VIEW  OF  THE  * 

e 

HISTORY,         • 

POLITICS, 

AND  i, 

I  T   E   R  A   T   U   R  E,       I 
For  the  YEAR    1802. 


LONDON: 

)B  W.-OTBIDGE  AND  HON}    CLAXKB  AND  SON;    T.  HURIT)    X.  CBOSBT  J 

J.  BELL;      R.  FAVLDBR;     CUTHELL     AND     HARTIH;      OGILVY 

ANDSOSj^.  lea;  J.NUUK;  J.  WALKER}    LACKlNGTeW, 

ALLEN,    AND  ca.    E.  JBFFERYi     VEBNOR     AND 

HOOD;    J.  ASFBRHE;     AND     WKNNS 

AMD   GCHOl-XT. 


^■u= 


^.;:  -- 


"!!» 

T*.. 


■  >; 


'  ■-.»./ 


>•»? 


■* 


t'l 


ax 


PREFACE. 


W  E  closed  our  labours  for  the  last  year,  twth  the  an- 
nouncement of  peace,  having  been  once  more  esta* 
blished  throughout  those  wide-spread  regions,  whose  fields 
had  been  stained  with  twelve  years  desolating  warfare: 
whose  ancient  limits  had  given  way  to  the  innovating  spirit 
of  revolution ;  and  whose  inhabitants  had  been,  during  that 
period,  successively  exposed,  either  to  the  insolent  ravages 
of  the  invader,  or  the  no  less  exhausting  friendship  of  the 
protecting  power.  At  that  period,  peace,  in  the  abstract, 
seemed  so  great  a  blessing  to  the  nations  of  the  earth,  that 
we  were  little  disposed  to  damp  the  enthusiastic  joy,  with 
which  it  was  received  by  all  ranks  of  people  in  this 
country  j  by  too  curiously  canvassing  its  terms,  or  by  these 

a  2  fore- 


C   iv   3 

forebodings  of  evil,  which  our  political  experience  might 
have  entitled  us  with  prophetic  solemnity,  under  all  the 
ciFcumstancas  attending  it,  to  sound  in  the  ear  of  the  &i« 
tish  nation.  Sharers  in  the  general  joy,  we  perhaps  equally 
panicipated  in  the  delusion  ;  nor  could  we  conceive,  but 
that  if  tranquillity  was  so  necessary  to  Great  Britain,  whose 
glorious  career,  had,  during  her  late  ardijous  struggle,  been 
marked  with  constant  victory  and  conquest ;  that  it  was 
not  infinitely  more  so  to  her  opponent,  who  had  not, 
at  its  termination,  to  boast  of  a  single  acquisition  wrested 
from  us  during  the  whole  period ;  and  who  had  placed  on 
the  throne  of  her  pristine  monarchs,  a  nameless  military 
adventurer,  to  the  establishment  of  whose  power  and  au-* 
thority,  it  seemed  absolutely  essential. 

Soon,  however,  was  the  veil  removed  from  our  eyqfi ; 
hardly  had  the  preliminaries  becojne  the  object  of  public 
investigation,  when  the  dangerous  precipice  on  which  we 
were  placed,  became  but  too  apparent.  We  hastened  to 
correct  our  own  errors,  and  those  into  which  we  might  have 
inadvertently  led  our  readers ;  we  devoted  m  early  portico 
of  the  present  volume  to  their  consideration,  and  we  en- 
deavoured to  point  out  their  inadequacy,  to  render  perm^ 
nent  and  snecure;,  that  peace,  which  deriyed  its  only  value 
from  the  probability  of  both  those  qualities  having  hem 
secured  to  it,  by  the  immense  and  otherwise  dispropor- 
tionate sacrifices  we  had  made^r 

As 


r  •    ■ 

I  ^   3 

As  we  advanced,  however,  in  our  progress,  all  further 
tt^ouble  was  spared  to  us.  The  restless  ambition  of  the 
consular  sovereign  of  the  French  empire,  became  suffi- 
ciently obvious.  Provinces  and  territories  *  added  to  his 
already  overgrown  daminion ;  the  assumption  of  the  ab- 
solute sovereignty  of  a  great  portion  of  Europe ;  treaties 
obtained  by  force  or  fraud,  injurious  to  the  British  interests," 
insolently  promulgated,  even  before  the  definitive  treaty  of 
peace  was  signed  ;  left  no  room  in  the  mind  even  of  the 
most  sanguine  supporters  of  the  peace,  to  doubt  as  to  its 
consequences, 

.  The  forcible  imposition  of  forms  of  government,  upon 
states  whose  independence  was  formally  protected  or  ac- 
knowledged by  every  power  of  Europe.  The  arbitrary 
interference  in  regulating  the  internal  concerns,  of  that 
venerable  fabric,  the  Germanic  empire ;  and  the  super- 
cilious  contempt  with  which  Great  Britain  was,  on  every 

occasion,  treated  by  the  Corsican  usurper ;  sufficiently 
evinced  his  hostile  views,  and  left  us  an  easy  task  to 
convince  our  readers  of  the  small  hope  there  remaii^ed,  of 
our  enjoying  those  blesisings  which  we  had  fondly,  but 
too  precipitately,  flattered  them  with  in  our  preceding 
rolmne. 

Under  very  opposite  impressions  has  the  present  been 
conducted.  In  our  domestic  history  we  have  gone  into 
length,  on  the  great  questions  of  the  preliminary  and  de- 
finitive treaties  i  and  endeavoured  to  point  out  their  de- 

b  fects 


C    v!    1 

fects  and  palpable  tendency  to  the  renewal  of  war.  We 
have  given^  in  the  Parliamentary  Debates,  the  reason^ 
ings  at  considerable  length,  of  our  most  enlightened 
statesmen  on  those  monientous  subjects.  We  have  traced 
with  an  impartial,  and,  we  hope,  unerring  hand,  the  shades 
of  difference  which  have  arisen,  between  those  great  leaidn 
ing  characters  who  have,  since  the  commencem^t  of 
their  public  career,  acted  together ;  but  who  have,  under 
those  extraordinary  and  unprecedented  circumstance© 
which  form  the  subject  matter  of  the  history  of  the  preseaot 
year,  taken  up  widely  differing  lines  of  conduct ;  and 
who  have  given  new  appellations  and  energies  to  political 
combination.  Above  all,  we  have  endeavoured  to  point 
out  the  danger  which  must  arise '  to  the  interests,  nay, 
the  very  existence  of  the  British  empire,  from  the  un-. 
checked  and  uncontrouled  spirit  of  aggrandisement  and 
Ambition  in  the  present  ruler  of  France ;  and  the  utter 
impossibility  there  exists  of  our  maintaining  the  usual 
relations  of  peace  and  amity,  with  his  over^^'eefting  and 
i*estless  insolence. 

On  the  subject  of  the  French  expedition  to  St.  Do- 
mingo ;  on  the  affairs  of  Switzerland  ;  and  on  that  of  the 
complicated  system  of  the  German  indemnities,  we  triist 
we  shall  have  been  found  to  have  manifested  no  inconsi- 
derable research  and  labour, 

To  Ireland  our  attention  has  been  palticiilarly  directed* 
That  country  rising  every  day  in  political  importance,  the 

settle- 


y 


il 


aettfeoieftt  of  wliose  domestic  iSaim  wfts  Vtie 
caute,  of  die  ioiss  to^  the  British  entire  of  the  uifioA  of 
greatest  ind  most  brilliatit  assdhblage  of  talents,  she 
fver  witnessed,  uioited  in  one  administraion  ^  tequ 
more  than  ordinary,  attention.  To  attempt  to  trace 
causes  of  her  present  discontents  to  thdr  true  sou 
jmd  point  out  the  most  probable  means  to  remedy  tl 
we  hope  we  have  exhibited  in  our  chapter  on 
subject ;  which  at  least  will  have  the  merit  (if  no  o 
can  be  found)  of  hovelty  to  recommend  it. 

Our  colonial  establishments,  both  in  the  East  and  "V 
iidies,  claimed  a  particular  share  of  our  attention, 
which,  to  the  utmost  of  our  ability  and  extent  of  our 
formation,  we  have  bestowed  upon  those  important  i 
jects ;  nor  will  there,  generally  speaking,  be  found 
matter  which  our  "History  of  Europe'*  usually  embra 
which  we  have  not  brought  before  our  readers  in  t 
progressive  and  natural  order,  and  with  as  much  nain 
ness  as  consisted  with  the  nature  of  the  work. 

In  our  selections,  we  have  been  unusually  attentiv 
what  we  conceived  would  be  the  taste  and  wish  of 
readers.  Our  ^'  Chronicle**  we  have  endeavoured  to  ni 
more  than  usually  interesting  by  the  extent  and  variet; 
matter.  In  our  extracts  from  the  best  works  of 
year,  we  have  been  particularly  anxious  to  dwell  on  th 
which  relate  to  Egypt,  that  very  extraordinary  coun 
which  has  been,  from  the  remotest  antiquity,  the  sub 


cf  research  and  inquiry,  and  which  on  a  late  memorable 
9e<ca$ion,  was  the  theatre  of  the  gallant  exploits  of  our 
brave  countrymen,  and  that?  of  the  humiliation  and  total 
4isccMnfiture  of  our  .implacaWa  enemy. 

/■/■■_ 
In  our  Miscellaneous  and  Poetical  Articles,  some  ori- 

4 

pDdl  unpublished  pieces,  of  no  ordinary  3hare  of  merit, 
8ire  inserted.    *      . 

We  now  dismiss  our  volume  to  the  perusal  and  judg- 
ment of  our  kind,  we  hope  partial,  friends,  the  public. 
That  public  whom  we  have  faithfully  served  for  four  and 
Jforty  years ;  whose  interests  we  have  carefully  guarded, 
and  whose  approbation  and  patronage  has  been  the  con« 
•Unt  object  of  our  unceasing  and  unwearied  solicitude* 


THE 


r 


THt: 


ANNUAL   REGISTER, 
For  the  YEAH    1802. 


-.V„' 


♦  «  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦t  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^  »♦♦ 


THE 

HISTORY 

OF 

E     U     R     O     P     E. 


CHAP*    I, 

Meeting  of  the  imperial  Parliament-^^neets  at  an  earlier  Period  than 
usual, — His  Majesty's  Speech  from  the  Throne,  aTtnouncing  the  Adjitst- 
ment,  by  Convention,  of  the  Differences  with  the  Northern  Powers  of 
Europe — and  of  the  Preliminaries  of  Peace  being  signed  with  France p 
^c. -^Addresses  of  Thanks  moved  in  the  Lords  and  Commons*'^ Debates* 
'^Address  tarried  in  both  Houses, 


THE  signature  of  the  prelimi- 
nary articles  of  peace,  which 
took  place  on  the  1st  day  of  October, 
at  London,  was  an  eVent  of  sufch 
importance,  that  his  majesty  con- 
vened the  prtrliament  at  an  earlier 
period  than  the  session  has  been 
for  many  years  accustomed  to  com- 
nlence.  Althousfh  the  British  con- 
stitution  had  been  preserved,  an4 
this  country  (alone),  of  all  the 
powers  ensjaged  with  France^  had 
Vol.  XLIV. 


maintained  its  integrity  dnd  its  ho* 
nour,  yet  it  had  been  deemed  so 
impossible  to  rescue  the  othfcr  states 
of  Europe  from  the  grasp  of  France, 
that  p^ace  was  the  universal  wish 
of  the  nation.  The  insolence  of 
several  of  the  successive  govern- 
ments of  France,  their  poverty 
even>  which  from  not  possessing 
any  thing  to  lose,  naturally  ex- 
cited them  to  try  desperate  mea- 
sures for  bettering  their  situation, 
B  aU 


ANNUAL    R-EGISTLR,  1802. 


;^ll  Inv-^lined  the  people  of  this  coun- 
try to  believe  that  peace  was  sti.l 
distant,  when  suddenly  and  unex- 
pectedly, the  signature  of  tiie  jjrc- 
liminarics  was  announced,  and  very 
shortly  after  his  majesty's  jr/otln- 
mation  appeared,  appointW^  t:.? 
parliament  to  assemble  on  'i;'/  2^.-h 
r-i"  October,  for  the  disj^tch  or 
?vtV:jhfij  (rd  important  I  u^hie^s.  This 
we;  ."[htv  and  important  busln.'.'ss  w.h 
immediately  known  to  be,  the  ofn- 
c].d  crn-imiir.  leal  ion  to  the  great 
council  of  the  nation,  of  the  signa- 
ture of  the  preliminaries  of  tlie 
peace.  The  mass  of  the  nation, 
at  first,  expressed  the  most  enthusi- 
astic joy  at  hearing  of  the  reesia- 
blishment  of  peace,  without  can- 
vassing the  terms  of  it,  or  consi- 
dcing  whether  it  was  such  a 
peace  as  this  country  had  a  right 
to  expect ;  but  when  the  parlraraent 
was  about  to  assemble,  the  atten- 
tion of  every  one  was  turned  to  the 
opinions  which  should  be  delivered 
there,  by  those  men,  whose  supe- 
rior abilities  and  opportunities  of 
forming  a  correct  judgment  en- 
abled them  to  throw  the  greatest 
possible  light  upon  the  subject. 

On  the  2C)th  of  October,  his  ma- 
jesty opened  the  sessions,  by  a 
speech  from  the  throne :  he  an- 
nounced to  his 'parliament  that  the 
differences  with  the  Northern  Pow- 
ers  had  been  adjusted  by  a  conven- 
tion with  the  emperor  of  Russia, 
to  which  the  kings  of  Denmark 
and  Sweden  had  expressed  their 
readiness  to  accede.  He  stated, 
that,  in  this  convention,  the  essen- 
tial rights  for  which  tliis  country 
contended,  were  secured,  and  pro- 
vision made  that  the  exercise  of 
them  should  be  attended  with  as 
little  molestation  as  possible,  to  the 
•subjects  ot  the  contrueting  pnities. 


He  n'^y.t  iiit'ormcd  them  that  prcli- 
n/i-iur'.e-.  <.f  peace  kid  been  signed 
bev.vecii  h'.vn  aud  the  French  re- 
public, i:i  v.hich  he  trusted  that 
ti.i^  \\y.]  rtint  arrniigement  would 
be  fc  .:.  :  to  ;V'  c«)n.|ncive  to  the 
2'ibrit3!:il/::  l:.-v:T>ts  of  ihis  country, 
P.:.  :  '..  :; ;:  ryAc  to  the  British  cha- 
r^itit-r.  He  ai  .o  expressed  his  grit- 
ii'.'^i:  :o  Di/i:."*  Fro\  ivlmee  for  the 
bou:i:y  aiVurd.^d  lo  lii->  pe.'pie  in  the 
abundant  produce  of  tlte  ia.-,t  har- 
vest, and  his  acknowleilgmonts  to 
thed:stin<Tr.i">lied  valour  and  eminent 
services  of  his  forces  both  by  sea 
and  land,  the  unprecedented  exer-* 
lions  of  the  militia  and  fcncibles,  and 
tlie  zeal  and  perseverance  of  the 
yeomanr}'  and  volunteer  corps  ;  and 
was  persuaded  that  parliament  would 
join  witli  him  in  reflecting  witli 
pecidiar  satisfaction  on  the  naval 
and  military  operations  of  the  last 
campaign,  and  on  the  successful 
and  glorious  issue  of  ^he  expedition 
to  Egypt,  which  had  been  marked 
throughout  by  achievements,  tend- 
ing in  their  consequences  and  by 
their  example  to  produce  lasting 
advantages  and  honour  to  this  coun- 
iry.  He  concluded  by  expressing 
his  most  frrvent  prayer,  '^  that  his 
people  miq^ht  experience  the  re- 
ward thev  had  so  much  merited, 
in  a  full  ci:jO}  ment  of  the  blessings 
of  p(!ace,  in  a  progressive  increase 
of  tlieir  commerce,  credit  and  re- 
sources, and  above  all,  in  the  un- 
distuibed  possession  of  their  reli- 
gion, laws  and  liberties,  and  in  the 
safeguard  and  protection  of  that 
constitution,  which  it  had  been  the 
great  object  of  all  their  efforts  ta 
preserve,  and  which  it  was  their 
most  sacred  duty  to  transmit  un- 
impaired to  their  descendants."  An 
addr(\ss  of  thanks  to  his  majesty^ 
for  his  most  gracious  speech,  was 

mayed 


HISTORY     OfEUROPE. 


$ 


tnored,  in  the  House  of  Lokos, 

Lord  Bolton,  who  said  he  should 
not  enter  into   any  detail   of  the 
preliminatics,  as   the  papers  were 
not  then  before  tlie  house  j  but  he 
could  not  avoid  pointing  their  lord- 
ships attention  to  the  sentinicnts  of 
paternal  afreet  ion  expressed  by  his 
majesty,  in  announcing  the  adjust- 
ment of   the   differences   with  the 
Northern  Powers,  and  the  si^insr 
of  the  preliminaries.     As  for  peace 
itself,  it  had  been  so  strongly  felt 
to  be  desirable,  that  men  did  not 
allow  themselves  time  to  doubt  of 
its   being  advantageous,    but  gave 
free-  and  unbounded  indulgence  to 
their  joy:    the  leading  articles  of 
the  peace  were  universally  known 
and  approved  of,  but  no  circum* 
stance  attending  it  appeared  to  him 
more  worthy  of  consideration  than 
the  fitness  of  the  time  at  which  his 
majesty's  ministers  had  concluded 
the  preliminaries  of  the  peace.  They 
had  not  done  it  at  a  time  when  a 
deficiency  of  supplies  was  felt ;  No^ 
he  saw  with  pride  and  satisfaction 
that  ministers  had  chosen  a  time 
for  making    peace  when  our  re- 
sources  were  in  full   vigour,   and 
When  the  nation  had  displayed  its 
ancient   character,    by   the  manly 
and  determined  postufe  of  defence 
into  which  it  had  voluntarily  put 
itself  when  threatened  by  invasion. 
He  admired  also  the  fitness  of  the 
time  for  concluding  peace,  because  it 
was  not  at  a  time  when  we  had  any 
thing  to  fear  for  our  security,  when 
our  arms  had  been  unsuccessful,  our 
strength  exhausted,    or  our  spuits 
broken.      On    the    contrary,    the 
peace  was    concluded  at  the  mo- 
ment  the  most   auspicious   to  the 
British    character,,  when    our    re* 
sources  were  unimpaired/ and  our 


armies  triumphant  It  was  a  gpr^nd 
and  magnificent  triumph  for  Eng- 
land to  make  a  peace,  when  ber 
navies  and  armies  were  every  where 
conquerors  fh>m  the  frozen  seas  of 
the  North  to  the  pillars  of  Her- 
cnles^  and  from  Africa  to  the  re- 
motest shores  of  Asia  and  America. 
AVhen  the  unexampled  achieve- 
ments of  that  band  of  heroes,  who 
had  rescued  Egypt  from  its  in- 
vaders, were  made  only  to  lestoro 
it  to  its  rightful  OA^-ner,  and  the 
triumphs  of  our  armies  were  onlj 
accessary  to  'that  spirit  of  rooderi^ 
tion,  which  dictated  our  appeal  to 
arms.  His  lordship,  after  paying 
the  highest  tribute  of  praise  to 
otir  commanders  in  Eg}'pt,  observed^ 
that  when  tiie  peace  was  made  it , 
was  evident  that  the  int^lQr  of 
Europe  could  not  be  preserved  j , 
had  it  been  possible  to  preserve  it, 
it  would  have  been  effected  by  the 
p6wcr  of  Great  Britain, 

Si  Pergama  deztr^ 
Defendi    possint,   etiam    fi&c    defiasa 

fuissent. 

His  lordship  condnded  by  tnoviDg 
an  address  which,  as  usual,  was  an 
echo  of  the  speech. 

Lord  LifFord  seconded  the  address, 
and  compared  the  situation  in  whicit 
tlie  country  (hen  stood,  with  tjiat 
alarming  situation  in  which  it  was 
at  the  time  parliament  was  con- 
vened in  the  preccdiiig  year :  when 
the  war  assumed  a  new  terror  from 
the  menaced  interference  of  the 
Northern .  Powers ;  while  wo  bad 
the  ^gantic  force  of  France  to  cga- 
tend  with  nearer  home,  and  tiio 
fate  of  Eg>*pt  still  hung  in  sus^ 
pense.  Such  was  then  our  situa- 
tion with  respect  to  foreign  powers. 
Our  doniestic  situation  wsis  still 
more  melancholy:  the  soverei^ 
B2  > 


4  ANNUAL    REGISTER,   isa2. 

was  afflicted  by  a  severe  indispo-  tories  ne^*er  surpassed  in  tiie  annalf? 

sition,  our    administration    divided  of  this    country,    and    secured  by 

among  themselves,  government  for  moderation  3  a  plentiful  harvest  dis- 

a  time  inefficient,  and  tlie  people  pelling  every   fear  of  famine  ;  and 

threatened  with  the  horrors  of  an  an  event  no  less  glorious  than  tlie 

immediate  famine,  and  the  country  peace  with  France,  no  less  advan- 

also   mennced    with  im-asion,   and  tageoqs    to  the    interests    of   this 

this    invasion  calculating  as  naeans  country,    the  arrangement    of  the 

of  success  on  tl)e  dislc^-alty  of  num-  disputes  with  the  Northern  Powers, 

bers  of  his  majesty's  subjects.     At  After    expatiating    at    considerable 

present    all  that  alarm  had  disap-  length  on  those  topics,  his  lordship 

jx^ared,  and  we  had  the  pleasure  to  concluded,    by  moving  an  address 

l)ehold  our  beloved  sovereign  in  tlie  similar  to  that  which  was  proposed 

full  enjoyment  of  his  health,  exer-  in  the  otlier  house, 

cising  the   best    and  niost  amiable  ColonelWoodhouse  seconded  this 

of  his   privileges,    announcing  the  address. 

return  of  peace,   and  all  its  bless-  Mr.  Fox  tlien  rose  to  express  his 

ings,  to  the  people.     The  blessing  most  sincere  and  cordial    concur- 

of  God  had  dissipated,  by  die  last  rence  in  the  address,  and  his  ap- 

abundant    harvest,    all    "danger    of  probation  of  the  peace  which  had 

famine  j    and  the    nation,    after  a  been  at  length  obtained.     This  was 

long  and  glorious  struggle,   might  an  event   on  which  he  could   not 

prepare    to   taste  the  blessings    of  suppress  his  joy  and  exultation :   an 

peace.  event  in  which  the  people  of  Eng- 

I'he  duke  of  Bedford,  in  a  short  land  had  tlie  greatest  cause  to  re- 
speech,  expressed  his  concurrence  joice  and  exult.  At  present  he 
with  tJie  address.  He,  however,  should  not  trespass  further  upon 
differed  from  the  noble  mover  in  the  attention  of  the  house,  than  to 
one  sentiment ;  he  could  not  agree  offer  iliis  sliort  but  sincere  expres- 
that  tliis  was  precisely  the  fittest  sion  of  his  sentiment  on  the  event, 
time  to  make  peace,  he  thought  it  and  to  declare  his  assent  to  tlie 
could  have  been  more  fitly  made  at  address, 
a  more  early  period.  Mr.  Pitt  rose  also  to  express  his 

The  address  was  then  agreed  to,  satisfaction  on  tlie  event  which  had 

nemine  dissentiejite.  been    announced    in  his  majesty's 

In  the  Commons,  the  same  day,  speech  ;  for  tiie  present,  he  should 

the  address  was  moved  by            >  forbear  any  observations  upon  the 

Lor^   Lovain,    who   hoped,  that  subject    of   the   pieliminaries,  but 

as    the  event  which   his   majesty's  when  he  came  to  express  his  mo- 

speech  had  announced    had   been  *  tives  for  rejoicing  in  the  attainment 

approved  of  by  the  great  majority  of  peace,    possibly- tliey  would  be 

of  tlie  nation,  so  .the  address  which  found)  very  different  from  tliose  of 

lie  should  have  tlic  honour  of  pro-  the     right    lioiiourable    gentleman 

jHising,  would  be  generally,  if  not  (Mr.  Fox)  who  spoke  last.     What- 

u?ii\ersally,    approved   of     in  that  ever  opinion  he  might  entertain  as 

house.      kis  lordship  recapitulated  to  certain  of  the  preliminary  arti- 

the  various  subjects  of  national  ex-  cles,  he  approved^  generally  of,  the 

uitation.      A  peace,  gained  by  vie-  outline.      We  owed  this  event  to 

.  ,                      3  the 


HISTORY     OT     EUROPE. 


the  gallantry  of  our  fleets  and  ar-    it  was  to  light  him  to  a  feast  or  a 
mies,  and  that  good  conduct  in  tlie  '  sepulchre  ?      He    must    most    so- 


lemnly pronounce,  that  it  was  his 
firm. persuasion,  that  ministers,  in 
signing  this  peace,  had  signed  the 
death-warrant  of  tlie  country.  The 
only  tiling  which  France  wanted 
to  enable  her  to  divide  with  this 
country  the  empire  of  the  seas  wa'S, 
such  a  participation  of  commerce 
Mr.  Windham  said,  that  if  this  as  to  enable  her  to  extend  her  na\7^ 
address  was  to  pledge  the  house  to  this  participation  they  had  now  ob- 
approve  of  the  preliminaries  speci-  tained.  He  should  not,  however, 
fically,  he  could  not  support  it ;  find  fault  with  ministci-s,  if  they 
but  as  it  gave  no  such  pledge,  he  could  show  tliat  such  a  peace  was- 
should  support  the  address,  but  at  a  safe  one,  if  tliey  could  sliow  that 
the  same  time  give  a  general  outline    there  was  an  absolute  necessity  for 


people  of  England,  which  he  had 
ever  considered  as  Qur  best  security j 
and  events  had  proved,  that  as  long 
as  the  people  of  England  \vere  true 
to  themselve:;,  and  their  represen- 
tatives true  to  their  interests,  they 
had  notliing  to  fear  from  external 
foes. 


of  the  reasons  for  which  he  differed 
from  the  sentiments  which  other 
gentlemen  had  expressed  about  the 
peacff.  He  could  not  avoid  differ- 
ing, on  this  occasion,  from  his 
right  honourable  friend  (Mr.  Pitt), 
from  whom  to  differ  he  always  con- 
sidered a  misfortune.  He  was 
aware,  that  to  stand  as  a  solitary 
mourner  in  the  midst  of  general 
exultation,  to  wear  a  countenance 
clouded  with  sadness,  while  all 
others  are  lighted  up  with  joy, 
was  at  once  unfortunate  and  un- 
gracious. He  could  not  avoid, 
upon  this  occasion,  differing  from 
tliose  gentlemen  (Mr.  Pitt  and  Mr. 
Fox),  who  had  so  often  heretofore 
differed  on  every  subject  of  the 
war,  tliough  now  they  coincided 
in  approbation  of  the  peace.  It 
struck  him,  however,  in  a  different 
point  of  view,  and  he  must  ask. 
Were  the  circumstances  of  tlie 
peace  the  subject  of  joy  and  exul- 
tation ?  When  he  was  called  upon 
to  put  on  his  wedding  suit  he  must 
inquire  whether  it  was  a  marriage 
or  a  funeral  he  was  called  to  cele- 
brate? When  he  was  desired  to 
illuminate^  he  must  learn  whether 


it.  Such  a  necessit)'',  however,  he 
did  not  perceive.  These  topics 
would,  however,  be  more  fully  dis- 
cussed at  a  hiture  day. 

The  chancellor  of  the  exchequer 
(Mr.  Addington),  declined  going 
into  the  discussion  of  tlie  prelimi- 
naries, as  they  were  not  now  be- 
fore the  house  ;  his  right  honour- 
able friend  (Mr.  Windham),  who 
professed  also  to  feel  the  impro- 
priety of  entering  into  such  dis- 
cussion at  present,  had,  however, 
advanced  opinions  and  suggestions, 
which  he  could  not  permit  to  pass 
uncontradicted.  He  must  answer, 
thcU  it  was  not  by  the  extension 
of  oiu"  territories  by  conquest,  but 
by  preserving  our  constitution,  and 
defending  our  own  possessions,  that 
we  would  possess  the  best  securities 
for  our  rights,  and  for  the  exten- 
sion of  our  commerce.  He  had 
conceived  that  his  right  honourable 
friend  .would  be  the  last  to  depre- 
ciate the  finances  of  the  country 
and  its  resources  -y  he  was  therefore 
surprised  to  hear  him  suggest  that 
the  accedence  to  the  ti^aly  on  the. 
part  of  England,  was  tlie  effect  of 
necessity,  and  from  want  of  means 
B3  to 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  18( 


i6  continue  tlir  conte<.t;  Jie  dis- 
claimed the  niollvc  so  assigned  ;  he 
disclaimed  being  parrv  to  any  such 
plea.  He  must  publicly  declare, 
tliat  had  it  been  t'muid  necessary  to 
continue  the  contest,  no  deficiency 
-whatever  would  Jiavc  been  found  in 
the  finances  and  resources  <»f  the 
country.  He  concluded  by  antici- 
pating the  unanimity  ot  the  house 
on  the  motion  for  th«  address. 

Mr.  Sheridan  admitted  the  pro- 
priety of  abstaining  from  di.<»ru>sion 
of  the  merits  of  the  treaty,  and  as  he 
Baw  no  great  objection  to  the  address 
a.->  it  now  btands,  he  felt  no  wish  to 
disturb  the  unanimity  of  the  house. 
He  approved  of  the  address  the 
more  for  not  being  an  exar  t  echo 
of  the  speccii,  as  tlic  sjjeech  con- 
tained distinctions  and  characters 
of  tlie  peace  which  he  couJd  by 
no  means  admit  that  it  desen'cd. 
Ae  to  the  unanimity,  however,  with 
whidi  this  address  was  likely  to 
pass,  he  believed,  if  the  time  wag 
come  for  gentlemen  to  speak  their 
real  sentiments,  there  never  was  a 
period  of  less  unanimity.  The  right 
honourable  gentleman  has  spoken 
of  tiie  peace  in  terms  in  whicb  he 


could  by  no  m^'ans  r 
fc'.t  d  1*1  lini  him  \vh 
teri/vd  the  j-r-Mcc  ii 
honourable.  He  dit 
froui  those  who  cone 
jnexpedit  nt  to  ni;»k 
He  considered  this 
volving  a  d«*ri;uiati 
tional  digr.itv,  whicJ 
lihh  hrart  could  Iv.^i 
forcna; ;  sui'ii  a  pej 
had  a  ncc^sary  tei: 
to.  The  war,  he 
one  of  thf  worst  w*i 
country  had  bt'«:n 
the  pc:».c»*  as  ;'/H>d 
man  could  tc.TxW.  i 
stances  in  v.  iuch  *1: 
placed. 

I!arl  IVmpic  agr* 
noral  .'■xntiuK-.it  of 
pi f sent  t]ie  discuss^icj 
and  supporting  thv 
giving  his  supnr^t  t( 
by  no  n;;:ins  pled] 
support  the  pt  m  e,  v 
ing  its  terms,  he  co 
of. 

After  a  few  we 
Jauu.s  Martin,  the  j 
and  c.mi^d  uriUnimc 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


CHAP.     II. 


Copies  of  the  Convention  with  Russia  laid  lefore  the  House  of-  Lords — and 
Commons. — Alotion  I  if  Mr.  Grey  for  Papers — by  Mr.  JVfiithread  on  the 
second  Article  of  the  Preliminaries. — Inquiry  by  Lord  Grenville  on  th^ 
Subject  of  Portugal. — Address  to  the  King  moved  for  in  the  Lords  on  the 
Peace.  —  Debate,  —  Speeches  of  Lords  Romney — Limerick — Spencer^^ 
[puke  of  Clarejice  —  Pelham — Grenville'-'Chancellor — Moira — Mulgrave 
- — Duke  of  Bedford— Fitzwilliam- — St.  Vincent — Nelson— The' Marquis 
pf  Buckingham-^ Carnarvon — Hobart. '^Division,  -—Address  carried. 


ON  Frirfay  the  SOtli  of  October, 
copies  of  tlie  convention  witli 
the  emperor  of  Russia,  and  of  tlie 
preliminary  articles  of  peace  witli 
France,  were  presented  to  the  house 
pf  lords  by  lord  Pelham  j  and  to  the 
house  of  comr^ions  by  lord  Hawkes- 
|)ury. 

In  the  house  of  lords,  lord  Grep- 
ville  rose  to  move  for  copies  of 
^11  treaties  and  conventions  made 
within  the  last  year  by  France  with 
any  of  tlie  powers  which  were  allies 
of  his  majesty  :  the  object  for  which 
be  moved  those  papers  was  to  ex- 
plain that  article  of  tlie  preliminaries 
which  respected  the  integrity  of 
Portugal,  inasmuch  as  by  one  treaty 
Portugal  had  ceded  a  province  to 
Spain,  and  by  another  a  still  greater 
proportion  of  its  territory  to  France  : 
he  wished  then  mucji  to  know  what 
was  this  integrity  of 'Portugal  which 
was  guarantied  by  the  preUminaries, 
or  what  claim  the  government  had 
to  the  praise  of  fidelity  in  securing 
(he  possessions  of  our  allies.  For 
his  part,  he  A^as  of  opinion  that 
there  never  was  a  transaction  of  any 
kind  in  the  history  of  our  country, 
^S  ^y  period^  or  under  any  cucum-^ 


stances,  in  which  so  much  had  been 
given  up  without  any  equivalent, 
such  unlimited  concession  made,  so 
much  disgrace  incurred,  and  the  na- 
tion placed  in  such  awful  circum- 
stances of  impending  peril.  He 
hoped,  however,  that  his  noble  friend 
would,  by  an  express  declai'ation, 
render  the  motion  unnecessary. 

Lord  Pelham  regretted  extremely 
that  the  neble  lord  should  think  it 
necessary  to  oppose  tlie  measures  of 
his  majesty's  ministers  on  so  impor- 
tant a  point.  With  respest  to  tljke 
production  of  these  papers,  he  ob- 
served, that  while  matters  stood  in 
negotiation  between  this  country  and 
France,  such  papers  could  not  be 
laid  upon  the  table,  widaout  con- 
siderably embarrassing  his  majesty's 
servants,  and  endangering  the  pub- 
lic interests. 

Lord  Grenville  said  he  did  not 
mean  to  embarrass  hi$  majesty's 
ministers,  nor  oppose  their  measures, 
unless  in  matters  of  such  impo^  as 
left  him  no  option.  On  the  con- 
trary, he  was  ready  to  give  them  all 
the  assistance  and  support  he  could, 
j)rovided  they  would  act  with  more 
iirmness  and  vigour  in  maintaining 
B4  the 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


tb€  peacf ,  tlian  tliey  had  shown  in 
negotiating  it.  After  again  touching 
on  the  vast  inaportance  of  thtf  cession 
^jidiich  Portugal  has  made  to  France 
in  Guyana,  ht  concluded  by  waving 
his  intended  motion  for  tlie  present, 
as  his  noble  friend  (lord  Telham) 
had  expressed  au  objection  to  it. 

Qn  the  same  day,  in  the  honse 
of  pommons,  jVIr.  Grey  demanded 
^}^planations  from  ministers  on  nearly 
the  same  grounds  as  lord  Gxenvillc 
had  wished  fox  the  production  of 
papers  in  the  bouse  of  lords.  He 
wished  particularly  to  be  informed 
what  was  the  nature  of  the  integrity 
that  was  stipulated  for  the  dominions 
of  the  queen  of  Portugal?  Was  it 
the  integrity  of  what  remained  of  it 
when  it  had  ceded  a  province  to 
Spain,  or  was  it  its  absolute  inte- 
grity ?  He  also  expressed  the  surprise 
he  had  feh  in  reading  the  treaty  be- 
tween France  and  Portugal,  to  £nd 
that  the  goods  and  merchandise  of 
France  were  to  be  admitted  into  the 
ports  of  Portugal  with  eweiy  ad%  an- 
tagc  and  jwn^'ijege  formerly  ^en  to 
the  most  favoured  nation :  this 
would  be,  in  fact,  an  abrogatitm  of 
^  the  treaties  which  had  subsisted 
between  this  country  and  Portugal 
for  the  last  centuay.  It  was  on 
these  two  points  that  he  wished  for 
explanation  from  ministers. 

Lord  Hawkesbury  considered  tliese 
questions  as  unusual  and  irregular, 
»nd  therefore  declined,  for  the  pre- 
sent, to  enter  into  any  explanation, 
and  more  particularl}'  as  the  subject 
would  soon  come  before  the  house 
in  a  regular  way  of  discussion. 

llie  tlxapks  of  both  houses  were 
given  to  genera!  Hutchinbon,  lord 
Kcitli,  and  sir  James  Suamarez, 

On  the  2d  of  November,  in  tlie 
house  of  commons,  Mr.  Wlutbread 
aiiked   lord    Ilawketbury  whether 


Spain  and  Holland  had  appointed 
any  ^epreserrtati^'e  authorised  to  con- 
sent to  those  cesi^-rns  of  territory 
mentioned  in  the  second  article  of 
the  preliminaries. 

Lord  Hfiwkesbury  rejdtcd,  tliat 
they  had  not ;  but  thai  it  was  con- 
sidered that  France  was  fully  com- 
petent to  act  for  her  allies :  he  add- 
ed, that  he  ir  as  now  prepared  to  an- 
swer a  question  which  had  been  put 
to  him  by  an  honourable  naember 
(Mr.  Grey)  the  other  evening  :  the 
sixth  artide  of  the  treaty  meant  only 
to  secure  to  Portugal  her  territories 
as  settled  by  the  treaty  of  Bad^os, 
that  she  had  concluded  with  Spain- 
Mr.  Grey  observed,  that  that  "was 
not  the  only  question  be  had  put  to 
the  noble  lord  on  a  former  e^-ening ; 
he  had  also  inquired  about  the 
treaty  between  Portu^  al  and  France, 
by  which  Frendi  manufectures  were 
to  be  received  in  Portugal  on  terms 
equally  fevourable  with  those  of  this 
countiy% 

Lord  Hawkesbuiy  rq>lied,  that 
the  preference  given  by  each  coun- 
try was  recipnx^;  and  if  Portugal 
admitted  the  wooDens  of  other  na- 
tions to  be  imported  upon  the  terms 
heretofore  exclusively  enjoyed  by 
this  country,  we  should  also  be  at 
hberty  to  place  all  other  wines  upon 
a  fooling  with  those  of  Portugal. 

On  the  next  day  a  most  important 
debate  took  place  in  both  houses,  on 
the  motion  for  an  address  to  his  ma- 
jesty :  this  debate  naturally  drew 
fortii  tlie  sentiments  of  every  distin- 
guished member  tjf  eitiier  house,  as 
to  the  general  merif  s  or  demerits  of 
tJie  preliminary  articles:  previous 
howi^cr  to  the  order  of  the  day  for 
readujg  his  majesty's,  speech,  a  de- 
bate, or  rather  an  animated  conver- 
sation, Uxjk  place  in  both  houses  re- 
specting soma  further  information 

whicl^ 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


9 


vhich  was  demanded  from  ministers, 
and  which  ihey  were  not  disposed  to 
grant. 

Lord  Granville,  in  the  house  of 
peers,  ^sked  his  majesty's  ministers 
whether  Portugal  was  now  at  liberty 
to  maintain  her  accustomed  relations 
witli  tliis  country,  as  by  the  treaty 
of  Madrid  she  had  been  bound  not 
to  give  any  exclusive  privileges  to 
the  detriment  of  the  contracting 
parties. 

Lord  Pelham  answered,  that  she 
was  still  at  liberty  to  treat  with  this 
country. 

Lord  Grenville  replied,  that  this 
question  was,  whedier  Portugal  re- 
mained at  liberty  to  maintain  her 
former  connection  with  us,  under 
which  we  enjoyed  exclusive  advan- 
tages, for  which  we  gave  reciprocal 
privileges. 

[No  answer  was  made  by  minis- 
ters.] 

Lord  Thurlow  complained  of  the 
irregularity  of  this  conversation. 

Lord  Grenville  said,  it  was  by  no 
means  unusual  to  call  for  important 
information  previous  to  discussing 
the  order  of  the  day ;  however,  for 
the  sake  of  regularity,  he  should 
move  an  humble  address  to  his  ma- 
jesty, praying  for  a  copy  of  the  treaty 
of  Madrid,  signed  on  the  29th  of 
September. 

Lord  Hobart  said,  that  the  preli- 
minaries only  respected  the  integrity 
of  the  territories  of  Portugal ;  com- 
mercial regulations  must  remain  for 
future  arrangement. 

After  several  observations  from 
the  lord  Chancellor,  lord  Thurlow, 
and  other  lords,  the  house  proceeded 
to  the  order  of  the  day. 

In  the  house  of  commons,  the 
honourable  Mr.  Grenville  made  a 
similar  demand  of  information  re- 
specting thp  treaty  of  Madiid,  which 


he  observed  was  more  peculiarly 
necessary,  as  Portugal  had  signed 
two  treaties  with  Spain,  one  at  Ba- 
dajos,  tlie  other  at  Madrid,  and  the 
house  ought  to  know  which  of  them 
was  guarantied. 

Lord  Hawkesbury  said,  govern- 
ment was  not  then  possessed  of  offi- 
cial information  on  the  subject,  but 
he  was  ready  to  say,  that  he  under- 
stood that  by  the  tieaty  of  Badajos, 
Portugal  only  ceded  the  town  of  Oli- 
venza  to  Spain,  and  tliat  by  the 
treaty  between  France  and  Portugal 
there  was  so  far  an  alteration  of  die 
frontier  in  Guyana,  that  for  tlie  fu- 
ture the  river  Arewara  was  to  be  the 
boundary. 

The  preliminary  conversation  be- 
ing thus  disposed  of  in  both  houses, 
that  part  of  his  majesty's  speech  re- 
lating to  tlie  preliminary  articles  was 
read. 

Lord  Romney  moved  the  address 
in  the  house  of  lords  :  he  began  by 
stating,  that  we  had  now  terminated 
the  greatest  and  most  momentous 
war  which  this  country  had  ever 
been  engaged  inj  a  war,  whicli 
though  productive  of  the  heaviest 
burdens,  had  been  on  our  side  a  war 
of  necessity,  not  only  for  the  de- 
fence of  our  allies,  but  the  presen'a- 
tion  of  our  religion,  laws,  property, 
and  constitution.  And  as  it  was  on 
our  side  nesessary,  so  it  was,  as  far 
as  we  were  concerned,  attended  bj 
the  most  brilliant  successes.  Glo- 
rious as  that  war  was,  in  which  the 
immortal  Chatham  presided  at  tlic 
helm  of  afi'airs,  this  was  no  less 
splendid.  Our  fleets  had  been  vic- 
torious in  a  still  higher  degree;  they 
had  crushed  tlie  navy,  and  annihi- 
lated the  commerce  of  thfe'  enemy. 
Th9  whole  of  maritime  Europe^ 
jealous  of  the  power  of  our  navy, 
had  conspired  its  humiliation ;  they 

found 


lO 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


ibiind  their  vain  endeavours  recoil 
upon  therai-elves.  He  had  hiniieii:' 
beth  taught,  by  the  glory  that  our 
troops  had  obtained  in  Egypt,  the 
truth  of  one  observation  made  to 
him  formerly  by  a  noble  lord,  hirar 
iielf  an  onurjient  to  the  military  pro- 
fession (lord  Moira),  who  told  him 
that  he  might  rely  upon  it,  that 
British  soldiers,  when  they  had  ao 
equal  opportunity  of  distinguishii^ 
themselves,  would  not  fall  short  of 
British  sailors.  Kgypt  had  lately 
w  itnessed  such  glorious  exertions  of 
British  troops,  as  the  annals  of  his- 
tory' could  not  surpass.  We  ha^ 
then  to  contend  with  a  pompletely 
disciplined  army^  more  numerovi§ 
tlian  our  own,  inured  to  the  climate, 
and  commanded  by  a  most  skilful 
and  experienced  general.  1  he  chosen 
troops  of  France,  who  had  gained 
so  many  brilliant  victories  against 
tlie  Austrians,  and  deemed  them- 
selvt-s  "  invincible,"  found,  for  the 
Brst  time,  that  they  were  not  invin- 
cible when  they  came  to  close  quar- 
ters with  British  soldiers.  Success 
however  was  the  best  season  for 
concluding  peace.  In  no  former 
war  has  the  victorious  party  insisted 
en  retaining  all  its  acquisitions.  In 
the  war  which  lord  Chatham  had  so 
gloriously  conducted,  the  object  was 
to  secure  our  American  colonies : 
that  being effect<d>  we  restored,  at 
the  peace,  JVIartinico,  Guadaloupe, 
the  Havannah,  and  Pondicherry.  In 
the  American  war,  when  France  had 
•ucceeded  in  detaching  from  as  these 
colonies,  slie  did  not  hesitate  to  re- 
store several  islands  and  settlemeiHs 
sAe  had  taken  from  us  during  the 
war.  We  now  have  secured  the 
great  object  of  the  war,  our  religion, 
laws,  constitution,  property,  and  in- 
dependence. Wc  had  displayed 
gresfter  vcse^iscce^  both  military  and 


'  pecuniary,  than  this  country  was  sup- 
posed to  possess,  and  so  tax  the  impor- 
tant objects  of  the  war  had  been  se- 
cured. His  lordship  tlien  dwelt  on  the 
importance  of  the  islands  ot  Ceylon 
and  1  rinidada  (both  from  their  si- 
tuation and  capability  of  improve-^ 
raent),  as  also  on  the  vast  conquests 
which  had  been  made  in  India,  Irom 
Tippop  Sultan,  the  old  ally  of 
France,  and  the  deliverance  of 
Eg>'pt  from  the  French  dominion. 
He  conclude^}  by  giving  his  opinion 
that  we  had  done  all  that  could 
have  been  done  for  our  allies,  and 
that  we  had  laid  a  foundation  for 
British  securitj',^  which  held  out  a 
promise  of  permanent  peace.  He 
then  read  his  piotio^  for  the  ad- 
address. 

Lord  Limerick  seconded  tlie  ad- 
dress. He  thought  it  augured  well 
of  the  peace,  that  almost  all  ranks 
and  descriptions  of  men  in  the 
country  approved  of  it.  He  was 
sorry,  however,  to  find  that  many 
of  the  highest  characters  in  point  of 
abilities  and  integjrity  thought  djt- 
ferently  upon  that  subject.  The 
situation  of  tllis  country  was,  as 
he  thought,  decidedly  better  tliau 
at  the  late  peace.  At  the  last 
peace  we  lost  our  finest  colonies, 
and  several  most  important  island^ 
and  fortresses  had  been  taken  frona 
us  In  the  war* which  preceded  it  j 
but  in  this  the  character  of  the 
countiy  as  well  as  its  territories 
were  preserved  inviolate ;  Britain 
.had  also  successfully  interfered  for 
its  allies,  Turkey  and  Portugal. 
His  lordship  then  expatiated  on 
the  glorious  achievements  of  our 
troops  in  Egypt,  and  regretted  the 
loss  of  that  hero,  who  led  on  those 
troops  to  \ictory  and  immortal  ho- 
nour. His  spirit,  however,  did  not 
ditt  i  it  fell  upoa  tfaose  gallant  offi- 
cers 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


11 


cers  who  succeeded  him,  and  whose 
conduct  best  spoke  their  enlogium. 
He  hoped  the  house  uould  pardon 
his  national  vanity  in  mentioning, 
that  many  of  them  came  from  the 
same  part  of  the  united  kingdom 
vith  himself,  and  were  his  par- 
ticular friends.  He  spoke  this  with 
particular  pleasure,  from  tlic  recol- 
lection of  the  disaffected  and  dan- 
gerous sjTirit  which  prevailed  Ux) 
much  amonorst  the  inferior  orders 
of  people  in  that  country.  To  this 
subject  he  thought  the  attention  of 
govemnient  should  be  directed,  and 
that  above  all  things  a  large  peace 
establishment  must  be  kept  up. 
He  concluded  by  generally  approv- 
ing of  the  conduct  of  ministers, 
but  particularly  for  procuring  for 
the  nation  such  prelimiiiarisis  of 
peace  as  the  present.  - 

Earl  Spencer  lamented  the  ne^ 
cessity  be  felt  himself  under  from 
bis  sense  of  duty,  to  deliver  an 
opinion  opposite  to  that  of  the  two 
noble  lords  who  had  last  spoke.  If 
he  did  not  feel  himself  called  upon 
by  bis  sense  of  duty,  he  should 
much  rather  have  deplored  in  silence 
the  calamity  of  the  present  peace, 
and  the  enthusiastic  joy  with  which 
the  people  had  received  it.  He 
shou.d  rather  have  suppressed  the 
mortification  he  felt  at  tlie  degrada- 
tion of  his  country :  he  felt  peculiar 
pain  at  opposing  the  measures  of 
men  with  whom  he  had  so  long 
acted,  and  with  whom  he  was  cour 
Dected  by  the  ties  of  friendship  -, 
but'his  opinion  on  this  subject  was 
diametrically  opposite  to  tlieirs. 
He  thought  that  no  single  object  of 
the  war  had  been  obtained,  and 
that  we  had  sacrificed  all  means  of 
protection.  We  had  in  every  part 
oftht  world  made  cessions  of  coun- 
tries which  the  yalcnu  of  ou|;forcea 


by  land  and  sea  had  conquered, 
and  which  would  have  secured  u«i 
from  the  elFects  of  the  aggrandize- 
ment of  France  upon  the  continent. 
It  had  been  saij  tliat  we  had  pro- 
tected our  allies.  Wliat  was  tJic 
fact  ?  How  had  \^'e  protected  Por* 
tugal  ?  It  appeared  that  it  was  only 
a  portion  of  her  territory  whose 
integi:ity  was  to  be  preser\ed.  A 
pait  of  tlie  important  province  of 
Olivenza  was  to  be  coded :  our 
ally  the  Prince  of  Orange  was  not 
even  named  in  the  preliminaries, 
although  from  his  faithful  attach- 
ment to  us  he  had  lost  both  Im 
teiTitories  and  his  station.  Could 
it  be  said  that  Ceylon  and  Trinidad 
gave  either  sufficient  indemnity  tor 
the  past,  or  security  for  th«  future  ? 
In  India  the  bravery  of  our  anuv 
had  subdued  Tippoo  Saib,  and 
placed  that  country  out  of  danger  ; 
but  by  this  peace,  which  sunen- 
ders  to  the  enemy  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  and  Cochin,  we  aiFord 
them  an  entrance  into  Malabar; 
while  in  South  America  we.  have 
permitted  Portugal  to  cede  to  France 
a  strung,  military  position  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  of  Amazons. 
In  the  West  Indies  we  had  surren- 
dered Martinico,  and  left  the  French 
in  possession  of  St.  Domingo.  lu 
the  Mediterranean  we  had  surren- 
dered every  thing  and  excluded 
ourselves.  In  Malta  the  French 
were  to  bave  equal  footing  with 
ourselves.  In  short,  he  saw  notliinp- 
but  a  prticarious  peace.  It  was  saiS' 
it  was  the  interest  of  France  to 
maintain  this  peace,  but  who  had 
learned  to  calculate  the  interest  of 
an  usurper  ?  If  ever  peace  was  pre- 
carious, this  was  that  peace.  If 
ever  precarious  peace  was  dangerous, 
tliis  was  that  peace.  The  French 
principles  arc  triumphant,  and 
•  *  adorned 


12 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


adorned  with  all  the  attraction  and 
ilignlty  ot  success.  He  felt  sorry 
to  tlirter  from  ministers,  and  con- 
fcidcrcd  it  now  most  peculiarly  his 
duty  to  support  such  measures  of 
vigour  as  might  give  the  country  a 
diancc  of  safety. 

Tlie  duke  of  Clarence  supported 
tlie  peace.  He  considered  tl}at  we 
had  as  much  security  -as  could  be 
expected  in  those  revolutionar}' 
tiines,  from  a  government  of  die 
nature  of  the  French  republic.  His 
ro^al  highness  took  an  able  re- 
view of  the  events  of  the  last  war : 
alter  bestowing  the  warmest  en- 
comiums on  our  fleets,  he  paid  the 
highest  tribute  of  applause  to  the 
gallantry  of  the  British  soldiers 
during  the  course  of  tlie  war.  In 
this  respect  he  traced  the  glory  of 
the  British  arms,  not  only  in  gal- 
lant exploits  achieved  upon  tlie 
continent  of  Europe,  but  in  the 
conquest  of  the  enemy's  colonies, 
and  in  the  overthrow  and  destruc- 
tion of  Tippoo  Saib.  While  the 
British  arms  were  attended  with 
such  glory  and  success,  a  gigantic 
enterprise  of  the  present  first  con- 
sul of  France  threatened  for  a  lime 
to  interrupt  their  progress.  40,000 
of  the  best  troops  of  the  French 
republic  embarked  on  the  expedi- 
tion to  Eg>'pt.  This  plan  not  only 
menaced  all  our  possessions  in  tire 
East,  but  threatened  the  existence 
of  tlie  Turkish  government. 

The  first  important  check  which 
this  formidable  array  of  French 
invaders  met,  was  from  a  handful 
of  British  troops  under  Sir  Sidney 
Smith,  long  before  the  landing  of 
tliat  army  which  became  in  tJieir 
turn  tlie  conquerors  of  Egypt.  It 
was  on  the  memorable  21st  of 
March  last,  when  a  British  army, 
engaged     with    a    French    army. 


proved  itself  superior  both  in  cou- 
rage and  capacity.  Ihe  French, 
aldiough  superior  in  numbers,  were 
very  inferior  in  military  address. 
After  passing  very  high  enco- 
miums on  the  condiKt  of  our  anny, 
his  royal  highness  passed  to  tlie 
brilliant  achievements  of  our  navy. 
The  memorable  1st  of  June,  14th 
of  Februaiy,  11th  of  October,  and 
1st  of  Aug-ust,  would  be  for  ever 
brilliant  and  glorious  in  our  naval 
history.  The  time  was  however 
come  for  making  peace.  Each  of 
the  powers,  from  their  vast  con- 
quests, was  placed  in  that  predica- 
ment, that  BO  blow  could  be  given 
with  effect  on  either  side.  France 
had  completely  overcome  every  con- 
tending power  on  the  continent. 
Great  Britain,  as  far  as  regarded 
maritime  affairs,  was  in  the'  same 
state.  Tliis  was  therefore  (as  ex- 
pressed by  a  distinguished  personage) 
no  common  peace  j  but  a  recon- 
ciliation of  difterences  between  the 
two  greatest  powers  in  the  world  ! 
He  considered  the  possessions  tliat 
we  retained  as  ver}'-  judiciously  se- 
lected, not  only  from  their  produc- 
tions and  real  value,  but  on  account 
of  their  situations  and  the  advan- 
tages we  might  derive  from  their 
harbours.  It  was  the  obvious  po- 
licy of  Great  Britain  to  pay  her 
principal  attention  to  commercial 
stations  ;  while  an  immense  power 
like  France  naturally  looked  to 
continental  acquisitions.  His  royal 
highness  concluded  by  giving  his 
hearty  assent  to  the  motion. 

Lord  Pelham,  in  vindication  of 
the  treaty,  compared  it  with  the 
projet  v,'h\ch  the*  former  ministers 
had  given  in  in  1797-  The  only  dif- 
ference was,  that  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  which  by  that  prqjet  was  to 
have  been  retained,    is  now  to  be 

made 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


13 


made  a  free  port.     This  difference 
surely  would  not  authorize  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  war.      As  to  no 
mention  having  been  made  of  the 
prince    of  Orange,    it    was    most 
evident  that  we  had  not  the  power 
to  reinstate  him  by  force  of  arms  j 
but  certainly  no  opportunity  would 
be  lost  in   negotiating  for  his  inte- 
rests.      Naples,    which  now   was 
possessed  by  the  armies  of  France, 
was  to  be  restored  to   its    lawful 
sovereign.    Malta  was  to  be  availing 
to  neitiier  of  tlie  contracting  parties. 
As  for  Portugal,    she  had  retained 
every  thing  tliat  could  be  tiseful  to 
retain,  and  had  made   no   sacrifice 
that  cQuld  be  injurious.     There  was 
nothing  in  the  West  Indies  which 
could  have  justified   a  continuance 
of  the    struggle,    and  in  'the  East 
the  overtlu"ow  of  Tippoo  had  com- 
pletely   secured    our  empire   from 
annoyance.      Ceylon  and  1  rinidad 
were  important    acquisitions  j    but 
it  was  much  more  important  that 
we   had   overcome    the    erroneous 
opinions  prevalent  in  England  and 
in  Ireland.       He  concluded    with 
trusting  the  peace  would  be  found 
advantageous  and  safe  for  the  coun- 
try. 

Lord   Westmeath  also  spoke  in 
favour  of  the  address. 

Lord  Grcnville  said  it  would  be 
indeed  to  him  a  matter  of  the  most 
lively  satisfaction  and  heartfelt  joy, 
if  his  judgment  could  permit  him 
to  congratulate  the  house  as  the 
noble  mover  of  tlie  address  had 
done,  or  if  he  could  agree  to  an 
address  which  stated  that  we  hnd 
'  brought  an  arduous  and  important 
contest  to  a  successful  termination. 
Independent  of  every  public  con- 
sideration which  must  have  ani- 
mated him,  every  private  feeling  he 
possessed  must  have  n^jpiced  at  the 


attainment  of   tliat  object,    which 
for  so  many  years  of  his  life  it  was 
his  duty  continually  to  urge  to  their 
lordships.   /  He    feared,    however, 
that  all  the  pains  he  had  bestowed 
upon  tliat  object,  would   turn  out 
mere  fruitless  labour,    for  he    was 
sorry  to  say,  that,  according  to  his 
view  of  the  subject,  no  one  of  the 
objects  for  which  we  had   so  long 
warred  had  been  obtained.     If  se- 
curity  was  the  object  of  the  war, 
we  now  remain  in  a  state  of  greater 
insecurity   than   at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war,  or   at  any  time 
during  its  continuance.     He  should 
agi'ee  tliat    our  naval  and   militaiy 
eftbrts  had  been  crowned  by  success 
greater  than  at  any  fonner  period  ; 
he  also  agreed  that  peace  ought  to 
have  been  made  when  it  could  be 
made    on   secure  and    honourable 
terms,  for  a  secure  and  honourable 
peace  is  the  only  legitimate  object 
of  war.      The  question    was    not 
whether  the  peace  should  or  should 
not  be  agreed  to,  f«r  tlie  honour  of 
the  nation  was  now  pledged  to  the 
observance  of  its  conditions  ^    and 
as  so  many  sacrifices  had   already 
been  made,  he  should  be  tlie  last 
man  who  would  propose  to  sacri- 
fice the  national  honour.  The  ques- 
tion now  is,  what  are  the  merits  of 
this  treaty  ?  or  can  the  house  assure 
his  majesty  that  the  terms  of  it  met 
their  approbation  ?  To  this  he  could 
not  agree,    because    he    conceived 
the    terms  disadvantageous   to    th^ 
country,  and  fraught  with  national 
degradation.      This  was   stated  to 
be  only  a  question  about  terms,  and 
therefore   it  must  be   tried  by '  an 
examination  of  the  terms,  by  weigh- 
ing our  cessions,  and  our  conquests, 
and     considering    cur    relative    si- 
tuation.    He  considered  tiiat  it  was 
perfectly  known  to  every  statesmar), 

that 


U  ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

that  thcire  were  but  two  principles  and  fresh  conquest.     On   bnr  side,' 
on    which    negotiations    for    peace  our  successes  were  no  less  brilliant, 
visually  proceeded :     the    first  was  We  had  rescued  Eg}'pt  ;  possessed 
the  state  of  tilings  before  the  war,  ourselves   of  Malta   and  Minorca; 
or  the   status  quo  ante  helium,  ]  or  and    shut    up    tlir.    Mediterranean 
the  actual  state  of  things  at  die  time  against  the    ships    of   France    and 
of  negotiating,  or  the  uti  possidetis.  Spain.     We  had  the  Cape  of  Good 
If  thi^'  situation  of  things  was  such  Hope,  a  most  iniportant  key  to  the 
as  that  it  was  not  possible  to  restore  ICast.     In  the  West  Indies  we  had 
them  to  what  they  was  before  the  every    thing    that    was     desirable, 
war^  then   the   negotiation    should,  Martinico,  Trinidad,  &c.     On  the 
liave  been   on   tlie  latter  principle,  continent  of  South  America  we  had, 
and  every  deviation  from  that  prin-  at  Demerara  and  Surinam,  an  emr 
ciple   should   be    strictly  watched,  pire  idmost  equal  in  extent  and  im- 
if  we  had  been  much   inferior  to  {X)rtance  to  the  poU'er  to  whom  we( 
the  enemy  in  strengtli  at  the  time  of  restored  it.     'Althou<^h  the  war  had 
the   negotiation,    tliat  surely  must  not  b<?ch    tmdertaken   for   colonial 
cuter  into  the  account ;  but  every  acquisitions,  yet  it  was  wisely  di- 
tioble   lord  who    had    yet    spoken,  rected  to  tliai  object,  as  being  the 
disclaimed,  and  indeed  it  had   been  best  means  of  crippling  her  marine, 
completely  disproved  by   the  event  by  contracting  her  commerce  j  but 
of  the  last  year's  war,  in  which  it  although  we  were   disappointed   in 
was  by  no  means  f<:)und    that  we  the  objects  of  the  war>.  tliese  pos- 
were  inferior  to  the  enemy,  either  sessions  should  have  been  held  a* 
in  success,  in  means,  or  resources,  pledges  for  indemnity,  and  still  more 
If  the  situation  ofjiie  country  then  so  for  security.     If  the  continent  of 
was  elevated  and    prosperous,    we  Europe  could  not  be  restored  to  its 
ought  to  have  had  honourable  terms  foi-mer  state,'   they  ought  to  have 
of  peace  ;  we   were  in  a  condition  been  retained  as  a  counterpoise  to 
to  demand  such  terms  as  were  ade-  the   power  of  France.     The  noble 
quate  to  our  rank  and  power.     He  lord  had  seemed  principally  to  rely 
tlien  requested    their    lordships  to  upon  an  argument  ad  Jioinhiem,  by 
consider  the   situation    of   France,  comparing  this  treaty  with  the  pro- 
and  by  comparing  it  with  that  of  jet  of  Lisle,  but  he  had  forgot   to 
this  country,    ascertain  tlie  relative  state  tliat,  besides  the  cessions  con- 
situation  of  botli.     He  by  no  means  tainecf  in  that  projet,    tlie  present 
meant  to  undervalue  the   conquests  treaty  gave  up  Surinam,  Minorca, 
of  France,    on'  the  contrary,    he  and  Malta.      After  four  years  of 
thought   tliem  of  the  highe.^t    im-  additional    war  iind    expense,    we 
portance.     By  taking  the  Rhine  for  had  given  more  to  receive  less  3  be- 
her  boundary,  and  annexing  Savoy,  sides  we  should  have  remembered 
&c.  she  had  not  only  extended  her  in  wliat  a  period  of  despondency 
empire  beyond  what  the  most  9m-  those    negotiations     began.       The 
bitipus  of  her   monarchs  had  ever  stoj^page  at  the  bank^  which  threat- 
conceived,    but  she  had    her  fron-  ened  more  alarming   consequences 
tiers  additionally  secured  by  dcpen-  than  resulled  from  it,  to  which  was 
dent  republics  and  tributary  kings,  to    be   added,    the   unexpected  de- 
additional  war,  continued  success,  fection  of  our  allies,  and,  above  all, 

tliat 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


IJi 


4hat  which  he  would  wish  to  blot 
from  his  memory,  the  mutiny   in 
our    fleet.     At    Lisle,    though    we 
gave  up  much  for  ourselves,  we  re- 
tained   tlie    dignity    of  stipulating 
for  our  allies.     We  tlien  expressly 
stipulated  for  Portugal.      We    ex- 
pressly   stipulated    for    the   prince 
of   Orange.      We    did    not    leave 
his   interests    for    future    negotia- 
tions.    If  ministers  had  insisted  on 
an  indemnity    for    the    prince    of 
Orange,  could  it  be  supposed  that 
the  treaty  would  have  been  broken 
off  on  that  account  ?  If  it   should 
appear  that  his  property  had  been 
couiiscated  on  the  pretence  of  his 
having  given  an  order  for  the  sur- 
render of  some  colonies,  was  it  not 
clear  that   this  contiscation   should 
be  taken  off  when  those  colonies 
were  restored  ?  He  objected  much 
to  that  sort  of  preliminary  treaty 
which  was  to  be  construed  by  se- 
cret   understandings    between    tlie 
parties ;  for  instance,  when  an  ar- 
ticle^  expressing   to   guaranty    the 
integrity  of  the  territories   of  Por- 
tugal,   was,    in  fact,  to  mean  the 
dismemberment  of  it,  pursuant  to 
the  separate  treaties  which  Portugal 
had  made  with  Spain.    In  permit- 
ting this  dismemberment,  in  addi- 
tion   to   what   we    had    ourselves 
ceded,  he  conceived  that  die  secu- 
rity of  ouF  possessions  in  the  P^ast 
had  suffered  much;  for  when  the 
enemy  shoidd  be  able  to  exclude  us 
from  touching  eitlier  at  Brazil   or 
the   Cape   of  Good   Hope,   ^vhen 
they  were  able  to  place  as  strong 
European  garrisons  as  they  pleased 
m  Pondichcrry   and   Cochin,  they 
would  have  great  advantages  in  an 
Indian  war.     They  could  send  over 
armaments  witii  safety  and  conve- 
nience :  we  could  i*>t,  for  want  of 
viy  intennediate  port  to  touch  at. 


In  the  West  Indies  we  had  given  up 
Martinique,  the  value  of  wi}ich  was 
certainly  <;rearf:r  thnn  that  of  IVini- 
dad.  In  the  McditcrrnntMii  vvc  had 
given  up  every  thing ;  Minorca, 
•Vlaita,  Porto  Fenajo,  and  Kgypt : 
and  the  first  fruits  of  the  liberation  of 
Egypt,  was  a  treat;;  by  which  Franco 
was  to  be  as  much  favoured  as  our- 
selves, througiiout  the  whole  extent 
of  tlie  Turkish  empire.  As  t% 
Naples,  the  advanLiges  she  had  ob- 
tained by  this  treaty  were  illusorr. 
The  French  army  was  to  evacuate 
her  territory,  but  miglit  remain 
within  sixty  miles  of  it,  in  the 
Cisalpine  lerritory,  and  regain  in  a 
few  dT,6  all  that  they  now  con- 
sented to  j;ivc.  up.  He  could  not 
conceive  that  the  situation  of  France 
entitled  her  to  make  such  rxor- 
bitant  demands  ;  there  was  no  re- 
ciprocity in  tlie  treaty,  all  tlie  sacri- 
iiccs  were  on  our  part,  and  none 
on  theirs.  His  loriship  concluded 
by  giving  his  opitiioii,  that  we  )iad 
given  every  phidi^c  di"  security  which 
was  in  cur  haiuls,  and  hatl  now 
no  other  security  but  the  wr)rd  oi 
France :  that  \v  iiatover  n^isrht  be  iJit* 
feelings  whicii  induced  miTiistiTs  to 
consent  to  such  huiuiliatinpr  anJ 
dangerous  sacrifices,  (the  ni(.)rc  dan-* 
gcrous  because  they  were  so  humi- 
liating,) and  whatever  delusive  con- 
fidence the  country  entertained  in 
tlie  continuance  of  such  a  peace, 
yet  tliat  the  nation  would  be  im- 
pressed with  tliis  conviction,  tliat 
the  stand  must  at  least  be  made 
then,  if  not  sooner  j  and  that  we 
must  act  like  men  having  incau- 
tiously surrendered  Lhe  out-works, 
but  who  retained  the  citadel,  and 
would  ratlicr  bury  themselves  in 
the  ruins  than  surrender  tliat. 

The   Lord  Chancellor   defended 
th^  peace^  and  was  firmly  persuaded 

that 


16 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    tsO^. 


that  the  war  had  been  carried  oti 
till  it  was  hopeless  to  proceed  any 
further.  So  far  of  its  object  as 
went  to  the  security  of  our  con- 
stitution had  been  attained.  He 
should  not  boast  of  this  peace  as 
a  very  honourable  one  5  but  his 
principal  wish  was  satisfied^  if  it, 
was  a  secure  and  lasting  peace, 
and  the  former  ministers  had  de- 
^red  tliat  was  their  only  object. 
We  had  certainly  conquered  many 
possessions  of  the  enemy  j  but  had 
France  gained  no  dominion  over 
Naples  and  Portugal }  As  to  the 
projet  of  Lislo,  tliat  was  but  a  prqjet, 
a  proposition,  and  by  no  means  an 
ultimatum,  and  it  is  by  no  means 
certain  what  would  have  been  tlie 
terms  agreed  to,  if  these  negotia- 
tions had  gone  on  3  however,  he 
wished  to  procure  a  suitable  indem- 
nity for  the  prince  of  Orange  3  he 
could  not,  in  his  conscience,  risk 
the  peace  by  insisting  upon  tliis 
point  j  he  thought  it  better  to  leave 
it  for  future  arrangement.  As  to 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  however 
important  it  might  be  as  a  station 
and  as  a  harbour,  he  thought  it  by 
no  means  worth  continuing  the  war 
at  an  expense  of  thirty  millions  a 
year  to  obtain  the  possession  of  it  5 
and  as  to  the  Mediteranean,  he 
conceived  we  were  better  off  now 
than  in  1797,  when  the  island  of 
Malta  had  no  power  to  guaranty 
it  from  France  ;  and  we  were  much 
better  off  than  we  would  be  if  we, 
for  the  sake  of  retaining  it,  suffered 
France  to  keep  possession  of  Naples 
and  Portugal.  In  the  West  Indies, 
he  confessed  that  he  should  prefer 
Martinique,  if  it  could  be  obtained, 
to  Trinidad.  He  thought  there 
was  a  greater  chance  of  3iis  peace 
being  permanent,  than  any  peace 
which  might  have  been  made  in 


1797  ;  ahd  altliough  he  should  not' 
pretend  to  call  this  a  glorious  peace> 
yet  he  conceived  it  would  be  con- 
ducive to  the  security  of  the  essen- 
tial inter^ts  of  the  country:  he, 
therefore,  in  his  conscience  ap- 
proved of  it,  and  from  liis  consci- 
ence and  best  judgment  he  had  ad- 
vised his  majesty  to  agree  to  the 
terms  of  it. 

Lord  Mpira,  in  reply  to  lord 
Gfenville,  said,  the  peace  ^^as  only 
so  far  inadequate  as  it  was  inade- 
quate to  the  expectations  which  that 
noble  lord  and  his  colleagues  had 
daily  held  out  to  parliament  and 
the  country,  of  indenmity  for  the 
past,  and  security  for  the  future. 
Although  parliament  had  given  the 
most  unbounded  confidence,  and 
ample  supplies  tliat  were  ever  en- 
trusted to  ministers,  yet  tliose  pro- 
mises constantly  failed,  and  the 
countiy  was  brought  so  on  the 
verge  of  ruin,  as  that  a  peace  at 
any  price  became  necessar}^  He 
should,  however,  wish  that  what 
was  past,  should  be,  as  much  as 
possible,  buried  in  oblivion,  and 
that  we  should  look  forward  to  the 
more  pleasing  prospects  which  now 
open  upon  us.  He  did  not  at  all 
agree  in  the  justice  of  the  meta- 
phor us«d  by  lord  Pelham,  that 
this  country  and  France  had  gone 
on  in  parallel  lines  j  he  thought 
there  was  no  parallel  between  them. 
France  was  an  extensive  continental 
power,  and  her  greatness  depended 
on  her  army.  The  security  of  Eng-, 
land  rested  on  her  navy;  but  how- 
ever glorious  and  brilliant  our  vic- 
tories bad  been  both  by  sea  and  by 
land,  Great  Britain  stood  in  a  state 
of  comparative  inferiority  both  in 
strength  and  aggrandizement.  The 
acquisitions  we  had  made  certainly 
bore  no  comparison  to  those  which 

France 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


17 


Prattce  had  made.  All  the  islands 
Ve  had  taken  in  tlie  West  Indies 
Were  not  equal  in  valne  to  Savoy, 
whrch  was  a  very  small  portion  of 
the  acquisitions  of  France.  The 
strict  basis  of  tlie  uti  possidetis  could 
hot  be  adh^ered  to  when  a  weaker 
}K>wer  was  negotiating  with  a 
Stronger.  He  rejoiced  sincerely 
that  peacfe  was  effected,  and  gave 
ministers  credit  for  having  made  the 
best  peace  which,  under,  the  existing 
circumstances,  could  be  procured. 
His  lordship  concluded  by  a  decla- 
ration to  ministers,  that  he  was 
disposed  to  give  them  his  cordial 
and  unreserved  support,  in  the  ex- 
pectation that  they  would  continue 
to  desen^e  it. 

Lord  Mulgrave,  in  a  .  very  ani- 
mated speech,  defended  the  peace, 
and  gave  the  highest  encomiums  to 
the  valour  of  the  British  soldiers  and 
fiailors. 

The  duke  of  Bedford  supported 
the  address  and  the  preliminaries  of 
peace,  although  he  differed  widely 
from  some  of  the  noble  lords  who 
had  supported  it;    he  supported  it 
as  a  peace  the  best  which  could  be 
obtained  under  the  circumstances  of 
the  country.     In  com])aring  it  with 
Ihe  projet  of  1797 >    he    observed 
that,  notwithstanding  the  \igour.  and 
resources  which   this   country    dis'- 
played  in  the  last  year  of  the  war, 
France  had,  since  1797 y  gained  such 
important   victories   on  the    conti- 
nent,   as    to  place   her  higher,    if 
possible,  than   she   stood  in  1797- 
•He  could  not  therefore  witlihold  his 
approbation  of  the  peace,    unequal 
as  it  was,    disgraceful  as  it  might 
be.     He  hoped,  however,  that  his 
majesty's    present  ministers  would 
follow  up  the  peace  by  a  full  re- 
storation of  the  constitution  to  the 
people,    and   an   immediate  repeal 
Vol.  XUV. 


of  those  stalutcsj  which  originated 
in  childish  alarm>  and  apprehension 
of  danger  which  never  existed  but 
in  the  minds  of  bis  majesty's  late 
ministers.  He  concluded  by  pro- 
mising to  support  ministers  if  tliey 
continued  in  the  same  course  tliejr 
had  hitherto  pursued. 

The  bishop  of  Rochester  said,  that 
although  he  was  a  friend  to  peace,  as 
became  the    sacred    profession  to 
which  he  belonged,  he  was  an  ene- 
my to  a  mere  semblance  and  coun- 
terfeit of  peace,   which  contained 
"within  it  the  germ  of  hiture  war, 
and  perhaps  of  the  destruction  of  the 
country  5     he    should    have    been 
heartily  glad  to  have  given  his  sup- 
port to  a  peace  tliat  was  honourable 
and  advantageous  to  the   country, 
and  likely  to  be  safe  and  permanent. 
The  bishop  condemned  the  mode  of 
defending  the  preliminaries  by  con* 
siderin^  die  importance  of  the  island 
of  Malti,  or  any  particular  cession 
separately.     We  should  weigh  the 
great  mass  of  cessions  generally,  and 
see  fur  what  they  had  been  made : 
wc  had  yielded  die  Mediterranean  in 
absolute  sovereignty  to  the  enemy  ; 
we  had  opened  tor  them  a  dcwr  to 
India ;  given  them  back  the  Cape^ 
and  their  islands  in  tlie  West  Indies; 
renciereii  infinitely  more  valuable  by 
British  industry  and  capital — and  in 
-exchange  for  such  immense  cessions, 
we  had  got  nothing  but  a  precarious 
and  hollow  tmce.      The  reverend 
prelate  followed    nearly   the   same~ 
course  lord  Granville  had  taken  in 
his  difiapprobatiou  of  the  prelimina- 
ries, and  concluding  by  hoping  that 
ministers  would  not  rescind  those 
salutary  statutes,   which  had  been 
found    so  efficacious  in  promoting 
the  peace   and   tranquillity  of  the 
country. 
Lord  FitzwiUiam  considered  the 
C  peace 


IS 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


ptsict  to  be  a  mere  hollow  and  prc-» 
carious  truce,  that  carried  with  it  no 
Symptoms  of  permanency  or  secii- 
tity.  He  considered,  that  the  joy 
which  the  people  expressed  was  a 
mere,  momentary  delusion,  tl^at 
wouljl  vanish  as  soon  as  the  people 
sliould  return  to  their  reason,  and 
Compare  tlie  immense  sacrriices  we 
have  made  to  the  tritling  cessions 
rnade  by  France,  For  the  two 
islands  of  Ceylon,  and  Trinidad,  the 
country  has  been  nine  years  at  war, 
has  wa*itcd  some  h^ndreds<  of  mil- 
lions of  her  treaanre^  snd  thousands 
of  liveSr  -  At  the  same  time  tliat  lie 
disapproved  of  tlie  peace,  he  cunsi* 
dered  that  the  public  faith  was  now 
pledged,  and  that  the  tepms  of  the 
treaty,  bad  as  it  was,  must  be  ad» 
hered  to.         - 

JLord  Westmoreland  defended  the 
/  ]Mliminaries. 
•  Lord  St.  Vincent  considered  Cey- 
lon and  IVindad as  t^o of  llie  most 
valuable  islands  in  the  wlvoie  habita- 
h\c  globe,  eitlier  considered  in  a  po- 
litical or  commercial  point  of  view. 

Lord  Nelson  rose  to  give  the  opi- 
nion lie  had  formed  from  the  best 
opportunities  which  he  had  of  aflcer- 
iaining  th«  value  of  some  ot*  the 
.places  which  we  had  taken  and 
afterwards  ceded.  Minorca  he  con- 
ceived of  little  value,  as  it  wa#  too 
iar  distant  from  Toulon  to  br  an  ini^ 
portant  naval  station .  As  in  Mahff, 
he  did  Xiot  consider  it  as  likely  to  b« 
of  any  grcat  importance  to  tlfiH 
country.  \Vc  took  it  to  rfHcnte  it 
from  the  hand*  of  \hi*.  Frt'nch.  Jt 
'»x)uid'  require  a  garrison  oi*  7^00 
men  to  dfft-nd  th<»  wc^rkn.  lU', 
thought,  provided  tl)«  Firnch  did 
not  get  it,  it  whh  immaterial  what 
third  power  wjw  |><*Kht'f«<'d  of  it. 
^ftitlWr  did  he  conhul/'r  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  as  u  veUlemcnt.  of  very 


gr^t  value.    When  tl^e  Indiamert 
were  heavy  ships,  it  was  necessaiy  to 
touch  there  and  refit,  but  now  that 
they  are  coppered  and  sail  well,  they 
often  make  the Yoyagc  without  touch- 
ing at  any  port  whatever.  He  thought 
his  majesty's  ministers  were  bound 
to  seize  the    first    opportunity  of 
making  peace  that  offered,  and  tliat 
the  preliminaries  on  tlie  table  were 
both  honourable  and  advantagepus. 
ITie  iparquis  of  Buckingham  la- 
mented sincerely  that  he  could  not 
gire  his  consent  to  the  preliminaries 
on  the  table,  as  they  appeared  to 
him  to  be  humiliating  and  disgrace- 
ful to  this  country.     In  the  first 
place, he considinred them  dishonom- 
ablc,  as  they  left  our  allies  exposed 
and  unprotected.     Portugal,  in  par- 
ticular,  appeared  to   him  to  have 
•been  shamcffuUy  abandoned,  and  by 
our  Gonseiiting  to  its  new  commer- 
cial   regulations    with    respect    to 
France,  we  all  but  excluded  our  own 
woollens  from  the  markets  of  Por- 
tugal,    With  regard  to  the  security 
of  tJie  peace,  notliing  had  beep  sti- 
pulated, but  wc  were  left  solely  to 
drpend  on  the  bare  word  and  honour 
of  the  perse)n  now  holding  the  go- 
vernment of  the  French  republic. 
What  waslhcre  in  the  character  an<f 
conduct  of  that  person  to  induce  us 
to  suppnKe,  that  he  would  not  take 
tlie  c»arli(?st  favourable  opportunity 
which    oflered    for    breaking    the- 
peace  ?     He  had  betrayed  a  rooted 
j<!alouBy    and  deep    lodged   hatred 
against  this  country,  which'  it  was 
not  to  be  supposed  would  be  easily 
washed  away  by  any  superabundant 
milk  of  human  kindness  In  his  com-  . 
position.    Since  the  signing  the  pre- 
liminaries,    the    intrigues    of    the 
French  government  had  negotiated 
a  i)rivate  peact?  between  tlie  republic 
and  the  Porte,  in  otder  to  prevent 

'     tUi 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


19 


the  latter  power  from  feeling  that 
gratitude  which  it  ought  to  feel  to 
this  country  for  a&rding  it  the 
greatest  assistance,^  the  hour  of 
clanger^  which  it  had  ever  received 
from  any  European  power.  This 
was  a  sufficient  specimen  of  the 
good  feith  of  the  first  consul,  We 
had  given  him  '^  a  giant's  strength, 
and  we  might  be  assured  he  would 
use  it  like  a  giant."  His  lordship 
then  observed^  that  although  he 
could  not  give  the  present  ministers 
his  confidence  on  their  coming  into 
office,  yet  he  had  forborne  to  oppose 
them  till  the  present  occasion  had 
compelled  him  to  do  so.  If  how- 
ever the  measure  on  die  table  was 
followed  up  by  measures  of  energy 
and  vigour,  iind  if  his  majesty's 
ministers  would  make  the  necessary 
exertions  to  render  tlie  peace  less 
precarious"  than  it  appeared  to  him 
now  to  be,  he  should  give  them  his 
hearty  support. 

Lord  Caernarvon  was  of  opinion, 
that  a  peace  more  adequate,  safe, 
and  honourable^  might  have  been 
obtained,  if  our  negotiators  had  not 
lightly  surrendered  the  interests  of 
the  country.  Every  article  in  the 
preliminaries  is  concession  on  our 
side,  and  advantage  to  France  and 
her  allies^  although  peace  was  as 
necessary  to  then>  as  to  us,  and 
equally  wished  for  on  their  side. 
It  might  therefore  reasonably  be 
expected  that  they  would  have  con- 
sented to  negotiate  on  equal  terms. 
As  to  the  mode  of  defending  it  by 
putting  a  question  separately  on 
every  thing  ceded,  whether  it  was 
Worth  continuing  an  expensive  war 
for  that  object)    thh  might  be  as 


well  answered  by  asking,  was  it 
worth  the  while  of  France  to  have 
continued  the  war  for  any  of  tliem 
separately  ?  After  having  surrender- 
ed all  die  fruits  of  a  nine  years  war, 
we  had  no  better  security  for  tlie 
peace  dian  the  good  faith  of  a  natioa 
which  had. ne\'er  before  been  cek- 
bratedfor  that  quality. 

Lord  Hobart  defended  tlie  preli- 
minaries, and  replied  to  the  leading 
objections  against  diem.  He  con- 
tended that  the  interests  of  Portugal 
had  not  been  deserted,  and  diat  the 
cession  of  Cocliin  in  India  was  by 
no  means  of  that  importance  now, 
which  it  would  have  been  of.  when 
it  was  surrounded  by  the  territories 
of  Tippoo  Saib :  those  territories  are 
now  in  our  possession^  and  the 
neighbouring  sovereign  of  Travan- 
core  is  our  firm  ally.  As  to  the 
Cape,  it  was  a  possession  which 
could  not  be  held  but  at  an  enormous 
expense  to  this  couiitr}'.  As  a 
place  for  our  ships  to  touch  at,  it 
was  by  no  means  necessary  to  us, 
as  many  ships  went  artd  returned 
fi*om  India  without  touching  there  ; 
and  as  a  cplony  its  pnxluct  would 
nc\'er  be  at  all  equal  to  tlie  expense 
of  keeping  it.  As  to  die  interests 
of  tlie  stadtholder,  tlic  only  reasoii 
they  were  i;ot  expressly  mentioned 
was,  that  a  negotiation  was  theh 
depending  through  the  mediation  of 
the  court  of  Berlin,  which  promised 
a  favourable  issue. 

The  house  then  divided  npon  die 
question : 

Contents  94    Proxies  10 

^on-contents  10  O 

Majority  for  the  address    94 


C2 


CHAP. 


^0        AKNUAL      REGISTER*    1802. 


CHAP.      III. 


j4d<fres/i  on  the  Peace  mm-edfor  vi  the  House  of  Commons  ty  Sir  Edwafd 
Harthp — seconded  hj  Mr.  Lee.  —  Delate,  —  Speeches  o  ^^ Lords  L.  Gower-^ 
Haivkcshury—  Mr.  T.  Grdiv'ille — Lords  Castteftagh — Temple — A/r. 
Pin  —  Pox. — Delate  ndjourntd — remmed  iiext  Day. ~^ Speeches  of  Mr. 
It ^tpidhafn — IFilherjorce — Elliot — and  Addwgton, —  Considerations  on  the 
fircgoing  Delaii's. 


IN  tke  house    of    rommon:?   tbc 
arldrcss  was  moved  for  die  same 
iUv  bv 

Sir  Edward  Hartop,  vho  stated 
that,  in  the  conduct  of  the  late  war. 
Lis  majesty's  minislers  had  two 
grand  objects  in  view ;  llie  one 
to  defend  their  country  from  the 
destructive  and  sanguiriary  doctrines 
of  jacobinism,  and  tlic  other  to 
resist  the  inordinate  ambition  and 
aggrandi/zcment  of  the  new  govern- 
ment of  France.  In  the  latter  ob- 
ject wc  cooperated  with  the  other 
powers  of  Europe  3  and  liad  their 
zeal  and  exertions  been  equal  to 
our  own,  we  should  not  now  have 
w  ituessed  tlve  humiliating  degrada- 
tion to  which  they  have  been  re- 
duced. As  to  the  destructive  prin- 
ciples which  had  been  at  war  witli 
every  government,  they  had  already 
sufficiently  manifested  their  own 
jnahgnity,  to  be  for  ever  reprobated 
hy  tlie  people  of  these  realms.  Even 
in  France  they  were  detested  \)y 
the  great  majority  of  the  people, 
as  subversive  of  government  and 
social  happiness  j  and  thus,  by  the 
excess  of  their  own  virulence  and 
malignity,  they  had  effected  their 
own  destruction.  We  had  main- 
tuined  imimpaired  the  purity  of  our 
constitution.       We  had  Aot  only 


pre-er\  ed  hut  considerably  increased 
our  dominions  by  our  groat  acqui- 
sitions in  the  East  and  S^'e&t  Indies, 
and  by  retaining  Ceylon  and  Trini- 
dad.    His  majesty's  ministers,  not- 
withstanding the  great  successes  cf 
tlie  British  arms  during  the  last  cam- 
paign, finding  that  one  of  tlie  great 
ohjects  of  the  war  (for  want  of  con- 
tinental cooperalion)  was  no  longer 
attainable,  resolved  on  negociating 
for  'peace,  and  in   tliis   treaty  they 
had  pre5er\Td  die  ^British    empire 
entire  and  increased  in  its  territo- 
ries :  they  had  also   presci-ved  the 
strictest  good  faith   to  their  allies, 
by  securing  their  interests,  even  at 
tlie  expense  of  surrendering  valuable 
conquests  we  bad  made  from  the 
enemy.     He  therefore  thought  they 
had  held   fortli   to  Europe  on  this 
occasion,  an  illustrious  example  of 
honour,    of  justice,    and  of  faith, 
wortliy  of  admiration  and  of  ex- 
ample,   and    highly    advantageous 
both  to  our  reputation  and  our  inte-- 
rests.     He  concluded  by  movingan 
address  of  dianks  to  his  majesty  for 
his   gracious    communication,    and 
expressive  of  a  firm  reliance  that 
the  ratification  of  these  prehmina- 
rics  would  be  advantageous   to  the 
interests,     and  honourable    to  the 
character  ef  the  British  nation. 

Ml-. 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


21 


Mr.  Lee;  seconded  thl«  motion. 
In  order  to  prov«  that  this  was  a 
w&r  of  'aggression  on  the  part  of 
France,  and  merely  defensive  on 
the  part  of  England,  he  took  a 
retrospective  view  of  the  condiK^t 
of  this  country  in  179^  when  so 
far  from  exhibiting  any  hostile 
views,  she  redut:ed  hrr  forcos 
both  by  land  and  sea,  while  France 
«n  the  other  hand  was  one  jurasjins: 
plots  tor  the  subversion  of  our,  con- 
stitution, and  the  moment  it  \\a^ 
possible  for  her  to  do  so,  attacked 
our  old  ally,  Holland.  He  con- 
sidered that  the  war,  as  it  had  been 
necessary,  so  it  had  added  to  tlie 
glory  of  the  British  name,  and  had 
given  additional  security  botli  to 
our  constitution  and  our  empire. 
He  saw,  however,  no  possibility 
of  making  any  peace  which  would 
not  be  so  far  precarious  as  that  it 
might  be  violated  as  soon  as  it  was 
the  interest  of  citiier  power  so  to 
do.  He  remembered  the  saying 
of  an  emperor  of  Morocco,  who 
wishing  to  break  a  peace,  and  being 
told  tliat  that  would  be  violation 
of  faith,  replied,  **  1  break  it  be- 
cause it  is  my  interest."  He  sus- 
pected that  tliis  savage  emperor 
spoke,  in  plain  blunt  terms,  the 
literal  language  and  policy  of  the 
modern  courts  of  Europe.  He 
considered,  however,  that  this  peace 
promised  a  reasonable  degree  of 
permanence  and  security. 

Lord  Levison  Gower  could  by 
no  means  admit  that  the  projct 
ofiered  at  Lisle  was  any  criterion 
to  judge  of  the  merits  or  demerits 
of  the  present  peace  by.  The  cir- 
cumstances of  the  country  were 
then  totally  different  from  tlie  cir- 
cumstances under  which  the  present 
peace  was  signed.  A  short  time 
before  the  negotiation  at  Lisle^  tlie 


bank  had  stopped  its  pa3'ments,  and 
comiiKTcial  credit  had  ri»ccivcd  a 
violent  shock.  A  spirit  of  danger- 
ous insubordination  cxist^xl  in  oiu: 
flt*rt,  and  ih(^  funds  had  fallen  so; 
low,  as  to  mnke  us  almost  despair 
of  the  future  resources  of  the  em- 
pire. In  Ireland,  altliough  rtrbclliori 
had  not  absolutely  taken  tlie  held, 
yet  the  most  unequivocal  sentimenta 
of  di.safl*ccti(jn  had  been  exhibited, 
llie  navy  of  the  enemy  was  at  that 
tinje  nearly  equal  to  our  own,  find 
we  had  not  a  single  frigate  in  the 
Alediierraiiean.  The  situation  of 
the  country  now  was  widely  dif- 
ferent,  and  yet  we  had  made  many 
more  cessions  than  that  projet  at 
Lisle  proposed  to  make.  We  had 
ceded  Surinam,  Minorca,  Porto 
Ferrajo,  and  Malta  :  and  what  had 
we  obtained  as  the  price  of  all  those 
cessions  ?  Notwithstanding,  how- 
ever, that  the  terms  of  tiiis  peace 
was  tar  short  of  his  expectations, 
yet  peace  itself  was  so  desirable  an 
object,  and  had  been  receivexl  witli 
such  gcnei-al  joy,  that  he  should  by 
no  means  op|>ose  the  address,  al- 
though he  conceived  it  his  duty  to 
make  those  observations. 

Lord  Hawkesburv,  at  consider- 
able  length,  defended  tlie  prelimi- 
naries. He  first  observed  upon  the 
comparison  which  had  been  drawn 
between  them  and  the  articles  of 
the  projct  at  Lisle.  He  thought 
that  it  was  unfair  to  dwell  upon 
any  comparison  between  tliem,  as 
the  pTQJet  at  Lisle  was  but  a  projet, 
and  no  person  could  venture  to 
deny  that  Lord  Grenville  would 
have  been  glad  to  have  taken  less 
from  the  government  of  Eranoe  than 
he  then  demanded.  After  nine 
years  effusion  of  blood  y  after  an 
increase  of  debt  to  the  amount  ot 
acarly  200  millions  5  after  the  un- 
Q  3  interriii)tcd 


NNUAL     REGISTER,    180?. 


rtions  of  the  country, 
ime  time,  the  most 
igoal  successes,  there 
lo  could  deny  but  that 
Qost  desirable  objtct* 
3g  the  zeal,  howtrver, 
had  laboured  for  the 
illity,  he  solemnly 
;  pica  of  over-ruling 
;h  sorue  persons  had 
►ugh  ]jc  felt  the  pre- 
be  eligible  aud  ade- 
;lative  situation  of  the- 
,  yet  he  would  not 
that  it  was  free  from 
and  secure  from  all 
l<a.  He  voiUd  not 
edge  himself  for  the 
e  preteni  peaces  he 
\c  himself  to  that 
h  was  peculiarly  be-» 
!C,  wheilier  his  ma- 
er»  in  «gning  tliin 
^en  to  blame  or  sot  } 
this  question  it  would 

0  observe  the  diifcrent 
which  tiiis  peace  has 
i  to.  Some  persons 
se  they  say  the  object 

had  not    been    ob- 

state  that  the  object 
.as  to  destroy Tepub- 

by  an  interfc^ouce  in 
tiairs  of  France,  stop 
)i  its  revolution.  This 
ion   which    he    inust 

to.  have    been    well- 

1  on  the  contrary  he 
that  this  coisntry  had 
ito  the  war  by  France, 
e  who  had  interfered 
1  alf  airs  of  other  coun* 
rtii  openly  and  by  her 
gated  disaffection,  se- 
iy>  and  revolt  iu  this 
he,  revolution  was  a 
['eadful,  that  no  man 
I  could  hope  to  check 

2 


its  rage  and  impetuosity :  but  if  tliis 
country  had  opposed  its  fury  with 
some  success ;    if  ,it  had  changed 
ks  direction  .into  -  %  channel   less 
dangerous    to  the  general  welfare, 
some  acknowledgment  was  due  to 
the  wisdom  and   zeal  of  govern- 
ment, as  well  as  to  the  spirit  aud 
exertions  of  the   country.      It  was 
impossible  to  look  at  the  present- 
state  of  France  without  being  con- 
vinced tiiat  we  had  effected  that 
most  important  change ;  a  chan^ 
which  is  manifest  to  the  most  su- 
perficial obser\*er  in  the  manners, 
habits,  and  opinions  of  the  people 
of  France.     After  considering  well 
the  e%cts  of  this  change,  and  the 
existing    circumstances,     he  con- 
sidered tliat  there  had  uot  been  a 
time  when  fewer  evils    could  be 
expected  from  peace  than  at  present. 
With  regard   to  a  continuanee  of 
hostilities,  there  were  t^'o  questions 
to  be  considered :    first,   whether 
we  possessed  the  power  of  forming 
another  coalition  against    France  ^ 
secondly,  what  injury  could  Eng- 
land and  France* do  to  each  other? 
As   to  the  first  question,  it  must 
be  recollected  tliat  tlie  first  coalition 
had  failed,  and  that  die  second  had 
also  failed.     Was  it  then  very  de- 
sirous to  hazard  the  experiment  of 
a  tliird }    But  if  we  should  have 
desired    it   ever    so  strongly,    the 
elements  of  a   new  coalition   were 
not  to  be  ibtuid.     We  should  look 
for    tliem    iu    vain    in  Germany, 
Prussia,  or    Russia.     A    coalition 
being  therefore  impossible,  it  only 
niuauiexl   to  consider  what  haim 
could  England  and  France  do  to 
each  otlicr  by  continuing  the  wai*  ? 
'J'be  fact  wus,  that  with  our  im-^ 
mense  nav9\   superiority   we  could 
not  sU'ike  any  eftectual  blow  against 
Fr4mce,   aud  neither  power  could 

materially 


HISTORY^    OF      EtTROPE. 


ss 


materially  aflect  the  other.    Tfwt 
was  the  time  then  which  was  chosen 
by  both  for    signing  a    treat)'  of 
peace,  in  the  consideration  of  which 
it  would  be   necessjjry  to  obsene 
upon  the  time,  the  tone,  and  the 
terms  of  it.     The  time  Was  in  the 
hour  of  victory  to    this    country, 
when  its  triumjAs  by  land  and  sea 
were    recent,    and    the    voice    of 
peace  could  be  listened   to    with 
honour  both  by  the  government  and 
the  people.     The  tone  was  that  of 
dignity  and   independence,  far  re- 
moved from  any  humiliating  idea^ 
either  with  respect  to  ourselves  or 
our  allies  ;  and  in  speaking  of  the 
terms  he  must  disdaim  the  support, 
and  condtjmn  the  opinions  of  those 
who  -were  fond  of  under-rating  the 
resources  of  this  country,   and  ex- 
tolling  the    power  of  the  enemy. 
'Ilie  situation  of  the  two  countries 
was  materially  different  3  but  that 
diiference  was  one  of  the  strongest 
reasons  for  the  peace.     The  first 
feature  of  this  peace  was  a  strict 
good  faith  and  magnanimity  towards 
those  powers  who  had  been    our 
allies.     We  had  stipulated  that  the 
Ottoman  Porte   should  be  restored 
to  all  the  possessions  which  it  held 
betbre  the  war.     To  Portugal  we 
had  given  ever)'  protection  suit:U)le 
to  our  strength  and  her  interests, 
and  as  for  >fiples  we  had  behaved 
with      uncommon     magnanimity. 
Naples  had  been   called  upon  by 
France   to    exclude    oar    shipping 
firom  her  ports  5    she  went  further, 
iind  joinai  in    art    alliance  which 
would  have  warranted  on  our  part 
a  declaration  of  war :  itt  whut  wa<> 
our  conduct  on  the  occasion  }    We 
interfered  in  her  favour,    and  ob- 
tained for  her  the  restoration  of  her 
tmritories,    and  the   establishment 
of  her    indepsndenct.      For    tte 


Ottoman  Porte  we  had  not  6f\\f 
recovered  all  her  territories,     but 
even  procured  a  cession  on  the  pari 
6f  France  of  the  sovereignty  of  thd 
ex  Venetian  islands,  whith  ik  tlie  . 
hands  of  Franfce  might  be  extremely 
dangerous  to  the  Turkish  empiroi 
For  the  stadtholdrr  and  the  king  of 
Sardinia^  although   not   bound   Xb 
tiiem  by  any  *  obligation    of  stiict 
faith,  yet  we  had  done  as  much  at 
was  possible.      We  had  intevfered 
as  far  as  our  interference  could  have 
weight.    Hanng  said  so  mucht  WitH 
respect   to  the  good  feith  of  this 
country,   he  sliould  next  exslmifte 
the    question   of  the    acquisitions 
made  by  the  two  (Countries.    Oft 
this  subject  he  should  first  observe, 
that   it  was  the  c^inion  of  many 
men   of   the    soundest  judgmehC^ 
that  an  increase  of  power  is  by  nd 
means  a  necessary  cdnsoquence  of 
increased  acquisitions.     This  prin»- 
ciple  applied  fequ^Uy  strong  to  thfe 
coAtinental  acquisitions   of  France 
and  our  coloiVial  acquisitiims.     ISn 
the  West  Indies  he  could  not  per- 
ceive any  cession  which  could  bfe 
the  subject  of  rCgret,  nor  any  posf- 
session  givea  up  in  tile  Kast  In- 
dies whicli  could  be  the  subject  Of 
jealousy.      The  possessions    then? 
c^ded  were  not  calculated  for  a^ 
gression  ;  if  they  were  strong"  enough 
to  actick  us  in  tlie  Eai^,  the  iKland 
f)f  Mauritius  would  be  the   most 
formidable  point  to  commence  the 
attack  from.     As  for  Minorca,  the 
e>cperience  of  all  former  wars  shows, 
that  we  can  make  ourselves  masters 
of  it  when   we    please,    but  thsjt 
we  have  always  tliougl^t  jpfoper  (o 
restore'  rt  at  the  peaces-  ana  save  our- 
selves the  expense  of  garrisoning 
it.     Malta  is  certainly,  from  its  si- 
tuation and  impregoai)le  state,    of 
oot)sidef(9ibl9    political    importance 
C4  aaA 


«/ 


•-i* 


ANNUAI,    REGISTER,  1802, 


ill  I 


.» .ui>  ft  tiadr,  ii«jr  tan  \\i  valuu 
U  •<(  :ill  auciuiiiuU  ti'om  any  sivii* 
lih  it  nny  U:  .MH»^K»atvl  to  j;ive  to 
..I.I  Iiv.nit  liavli*..  Our  l^vfliit 
Mil.  I,  m  iuit  next  to  nothing, 
lilt  im.Miul  uMlit?  Hii I Uh  exports 
III  iiu-  I.r\ant  flo  not  cxctrd 
ll.i.iHK»/.  \)vv  annum.,  vhich  i.^  a 
lui  ir  uolllln^  t*»  the  general  com^ . 
44iiiu  of  Urr.u  liriiain.  That  trade 
Ilia  liMtg  Imvji,  and  is  likely  to  con- 
•  unic.  principally  in  the  hands  of 
thn  southcrai  nations  of  Eurojve. 
vhofiii  coninitnlilies  are  inoro  sui^t- 
«ble  to  that  market.  The  Dutch, 
howt-A-er,  had,  by  \lie.  effect  of  very 
wise  regulations,  cnjoj'cd  an  extent 
hwc  trade  to  the  Le^ant,  without, 
having  any  settl.^;ment  in  the  Mer 
jditerranean,  audit  was^  the  intentioa 
of  government  in  this  coin>try  tg 
adopt  similar  regulations.  As  to 
the  acquisitions  we  have. made,  he 
thought  he  might,  without  over- 
rating, iitate,  that  Ceylon  and 
Trinidad  were  the  two  great  naval 
stations  of  those  parts  of  tlie  world 
tov'hich  they  belong.  Ceylon  is 
pec'iliarly  important :  its  ports  are 
^o  capacious  and  secure,  tliat  thp 
tyhole  commerce  and  navy  of  Great 
Britain  could  Jie  there  in  safety  3 
it?  native  productions  are  of  great 
value,  and  its  situation  would  afford 
(if  net^essary)  a  retreat  for  our 
Indian  army,  which  the  united 
force  of  the  world  would  not  be 
able  to  drive  thcni  from.  Trinidad 
is  also  of  j;rcat  imjX)rtanc'e  as  a 
ca\dl  ftldtiou.  and  one  of  the  most 
productive  and  healthy  islands  in  tlie 
\Vei»t  indiesij:.  Such  .having  .l)een 
.^lie  resiijts  ojf.  the  war,  and  such 
acqnisitionsrtieing  secured  -to  us  by 
this  treaty,  he  .  thought  that  the 
peace  n^ust  be  allowed  to  he  honour- 
able; altlipuj{i  it  migh^not  be  what  '. 


some  gentlemen  would  call  glorhnn^ 
U  certainly  was  as,  favoui-able  for- 
tius country  as  any  of  tl)e  live  las^ 
treaties,  of  peace,  namely,  the 
treaties  of  llyswick,  of  Utrecht, 
Aix-la-Chaix;lle,  I'uris,  and  Ver- 
sailles. i)t  those  live  treaties,  it 
was  only  by  that  of  Utrecht  and  the 
peace  of  l/O'S  that  we  acquired 
any  tiling.  By  tlie  peace  of  1/83 
we  lost  considerably ;  liot  only  ouii 
American  colonies,  but  other  va- 
luable |)ossessions ;  and  as  to  the 
only  two  treaties  bv  which  we  had 
beffjre  gained  any  thing,  it  must  be 
recollected,  that  in  the  wars  which 
preceded  them  France  had  been 
unsuccessful  on  the  continent.  He 
could  not  conceive  the  consist- 
ency of  diose  i>erj>ons  who  could 
sign  tlie  projet  at  Lisle,  and  not 
sign  the  present  treaty.  The  ques-. 
tion  was  not  now  ^bout  a  peace, 
in  which  tlie  continental  powers 
were  to  take  a  leading  part,  but  4 
§epar<itr  j)eace  between  Great  Bri- 
tain and  France.  In  the  projet  at 
Lisle,  all  that  was  asked  in  the  first 
instanee  wa^  Ceylon,  Trinidad,  and 
the  ("ape  y  and  although  wq  had 
§ince  made  other  conquests,  yet 
we  had  lost  some,  particularly  tlie. 
imj>ortant  possession  of  St.  Domin- 
go. In  appreciating  the  real  strength 
of  France,  we  must  balance  against 
her  territorial  acquisitions,  tlie  di- 
minution of  h?r  commerce,  the 
ruin  of  her  manufacturers,  and  her 
l()Si>  of  wealth  -,  and  in  appreciating 
our  situation,  we  would  find,  by 
the  great  increase  of  British  exports, 
tliat  our  substantial  power  has  in- 
creased in  a  proportion  ef]ual  to  the 
territorial  increase  of  France.  I'he 
riavy  of  Great  Britain  had  during  this 
war  obtained  as  det:ided  a  superiority 
as  her  commerce.  In. the  beginning 
,a(  the  *tvar  w|;  had  135  ships  of  the 

line. 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


99 


line,  and  133  frigates  5  on  the  Ist 
gf  October  ISOl,  we  had  203  sail 
of  the  Ime,  and  Qr77  frigates^  while 
the  French,  who  at  the  commence- 
ment i)f  the  war  had  60  sail  of  the 
line^  and  6()  frigates,  had,  at  tiie  con- 
tusion, but  39  sail  and  35  frigates. 
It  would  not  be  in  the  power  of 
France,  with  every  exerfion  she 
could  make^  in  a  tjn  )'c-ars  peace, 
to  build  a  navy  etpial  lo  that  of 
Great  Britain,  and  he  felt  convinced 
tliat  if  even  the  war  was  renewed, 
in  seven,  eight,  or  ten  years,  this 
country  would  begin  it  to  much  great 
er  advantage  than  dioy  had  done  tixe 
last.  This  country  had  been  engaged 
in  a  long  and  dreadful  contest,  but  she 
had  come  out  of  it  with  honour  and 
advantage  3  and  although  its  situation, 
as  well  as  that  of  Europe,  might  ap- 
pear critical,  yet  he  hoped  in  a 
sound  system  of  policy,  combining 
firmness  with  moderation,  there 
would  be  found  a  counterpoise  to 
every  danger^  and  a  remedy  to 
every  evil. 

The  right  honourable  Thomas 
Grenville  next  rose,  and  stated  his 
c^inions  at  considerable  lengtli.  He 
^aid,  that  those  who  had  opposed 
the  peace  had  been  represented  as 
frantic  people,  who  contended  diat 
the  restoration  of  the  French  mo- 
narchy should  be  the  sirie  qua  non 
of  peace.  This  charge,  however, 
pould  by  no  means  apply  to  him, 
because  he  had  never  entertained 
5Uch  an  idea.  Gendemen,  diere- 
ibre,  who  advanced  the  charge,  had 
gone  further  than  they  were  war- 
ranted to  go.  As  to  the  right  of 
interference  in  the  affaurs  of  France, 
yre  had  surely  a  right  to  interfere 
for  the  purpose  of  preventing  that 
^normous  aggrandizement,  which 
was  big  with  danger  to  ourselves. 
^ijjs  h^d  ^ytx  bpe^  considered^  by 


our  wisest  statesmen,  as  an  object  of 
the  first  impoVtance  to  tjiis  country* 
Whenever  a  peace  had  been  con-i 
eluded  between  two  con  I  ending 
parties,  it  followed,  of  course,  that 
one  party  had  die  superiority  o\ep 
the  otlier,  which  it  was  fair  and 
proper  to  exert  for  the  purjx)se  of 
ensuring  advantageous  terms,  $udl 
terms  at  least  as  should  place  the 
country  which  accepted  tiiem  in  a 
stale  of  security.  And  he  hoix*4 
that  die  spirit  of  tlie  English  would 
ever  lead  dicni  to  resist,  with 
energy  and  decision,  terms  of  9 
diderent  nature,  fraught  with  disr 
honoiu",  and  big  with  humiliation. 
But  while  he  disclaimed  U^e  wild 
notions  whicli  had  been  fajsely  iow 
putcd  to  him,  he  should,  lie  hoped, 
never  be  found  amongst  those  iaiUi- 
less  watchman  of  the  state,'  wh^ 
should  seek  to  lull  the  people  into  a 
false  security  and  a  treachenjus 
repose,  but  ever  act  with  such  as 
should  endeavour  to  rouse  tlicui 
to  a  just  sense  of  existing  danger^ 
of  a  danger  which  tlueatencd  them 
with  ruin,  with  annihilation.  It 
had  been  the  practice  of  some  of 
die  public  papers  to  accuse  those 
who  condemned  the  peace,  of  be- 
ing hostile  to  his  majesty  and  to 
his  majesty's  government.  He, 
however,  had  no  hostility  to  his 
majesty,  nor  yet  to  the  ministers  5 
but  no  dread  of  misrepresentation 
should  ever  deter  him  from  giving 
his  sentiments,  freely  and  fully,  re- 
specting a  measure  which  appeared 
to  him  calculated  to  increase  our 
danger  instead  of  diminishing  it. 
He  fdt  it  his  duty  to  oppose  it, 
and  he  would  contend,  that  boUi 
in  the  present  treaty,  and  in  the 
convention  with  the  Northern  Pow«* 
ers,  ministers  had  assumed  an 
][i\mible  tone^   which  would   le^d 

to 


58..     ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

U>  consequeocea  dangerous  to  the  ertcd  for  the  same  purpose.    Mr. 
existence  of  the  country.     The  gen-  Grcnville  then  entered  into  a  com- 
tletnen    w!io  had  that  night  sup^  parison  of  the  terras  of  the  present 
ported  tlie   peace,    had    purpostrjy  treaty  with  tlie  terms  which  were 
disnembled    the  real  object  of  tlie  offered  to  us  at  Lisle ;  and  clearly 
war.     He  had  ercr  considered  it  as*  showed  that  the    latter  were    far 
fl  war  for  indemmiif  and  securih/.  preferable  to  the  former.-    It  had 
TIic  eii^ray  had  tlireatetied  the  ex-  been  said,  that  the  general  language 
istencc  of  our  liberties  and  our  con-  of  the  country  in  respect  of  the  peace 
rtkution.     To  preserve  them,  tlicn ;  was,  that  it  was  such   a  peace  as 
to  prevent  the  diffusion  of  princi-  every  man  was  glad  of,  but  no  man 
pies  subversive  of  all  the  boiuls  of  proud  of.     But  he  hoped  and  sus- 
dvil  society ;    to  obtain  indemnity  pected,  that  this  wa*»  an  epigram - 
for  the  expertses  which    we    had  rhatic  expression,    and  not  a  true 
Lecn   compelled  to  incur,  and  se-  picture.     For,  if  Englishmen  could 
curity  for  tl>e  future,  was  tlic  real  rrjolce  at  a  had  peace,  at  a  peace 
«jd    avdwed    object    of  the  war.  of  which  thtn/  ccmld  not  he  proud, 
Ministers  had  thrown  our  fuccesses  the  noliondl  character  wai  totalhj 
aside ;    they  seemed  to  ha\'c  for-  lost.    Though  the  supporters  of  the 
gotten  our  vi^^tories,  and  to   have  peace  had  prudently  forborne  to  in* 
kwt  sight   of  oar  conqtiestn.     But  sist  on  its  glory,  they  still  perse- 
the  PftcnUtcrioii  ai  those  victories  vcred  in  lepresenting  it  as  honortr- 
and  thoj.*?-  conqtV'i»t»  would  r<*main  ahle.     But  in  wliat  light  was  it  ho^ 
tn  h^ighl^:n  mA  to  a^pjravatc  tlie  re-  nourahle  >*   The  noble  lord  had  con- 
fret  ion «  'that   muAt  arise  from  ihft  tended,    and  truly  contended,  that 
contrmpJati 0:1  of  c«r  sacrifice's.     To  time  and  cireumstaoces  were  ne* 
have  b'fti    viet<jrious,    and   yet  to  cessary  considerations  in  the  con- 
be  U*r:iTrA  as  a  vanquished  nation,  elusion  of  a  treaty  ^  but  he  was  at 
was  a  trailing  and  a  mortifying  re-  a 'loss  to  perceive  the  wisdom  of 
Hection  to  a  British  mind.     It  im-  that    polio>',    M'hich    would    reject 
plied,    ind«rtrd,    a   contradiction   of  better  terms  in  a  moment  of  di'w 
tenas,    and  a   confusion  of  id<*as,  may,    and  accexie  to  worse  in  the 
whicli  i>o  aaiteTiess  could  W'roncile,  hour   of  victory  and    confidence  ; 
no  btrin)gJh  of  iiudcrsfanding  dts-  thtjre  might  be  a  show  of  magna- 
pel.    The  noble  lord  (Htawke.-ibury)  nimity  in  such  conduct,  but  was  it 
had  begun  by  stating;  that  the  pre-  wise>  was  it  politic,  was  it  compa- 
sent  period  wa<»  very  different  from  tible  with  the  real  interests  of  tlie 
that  at  which  the  foriuer  negotia-  country  ? — Let  \is  see  in  Nvfaat  re- 
tion  took   place  j  that  we  bad  ori-  spect  it  was  honourable,  as  it  relates 
i^inally  opposed    the   principles    of  to  our  allies;,  how  far  their  interests 
France,    but  latterly  we   had    op-  have    been    consulted.      Ministers 
posed    her    power.      But    in     his  have  assumed  great  credit  to  tlieni- 
opinion  lM>tli  led  to  the  same  end  }  selves  for  their  conduct  towards  our 
and  if  the  power  of  France  threat-  allies.      What  has  been  done  for 
cned  the  (existence  of  tliis  country,  tliem  ?  Turkey  was  the  only  power 
it  was  as  much  our  interest  and  our  which  could  be  truly  said  to  be  in 
duty  to  oppose  tliat  power,  as  it  was  alliance  with  us.     It  was  said  that 
to  oppose  iydr  principles^  when  ex-  .the  integrity  %£  tlie  Subliwe  Porte 

had 


HISTORY     OF     EtJROPi;.  ii 

bad   been    secured.      But  is  that  Mediterranean,   he   had    only  the 

her  opuiion?  ,does    she    feel   .se*  little  island  of  Sardinia  left,  for  th^ 

cure  }     A  week  after  tliis  siipula-  security  of  wiitch  he  was  solely  in- 

tion  for  her  security,  a  week  after  debted  to  the   protection    of  our 

this  extraordinary  instance  of  our  fleet  -,  a  protection  which  he  would 

magnanimity  had    been  displayed,  lose    tlie    moment   the    detinitivc 

Turkey  preferred  the  guarantee  of  treaty  should  be  signed.    I'he  next 

her  enejny  to  that  of  her  ally,  and  of  our  allies,  the  integrity  of  whose  ■ 

chose  to  negotiate  for  herself.     As  dominions    exhibits    an    illustrious 

we  had  compelled  the  French  to  proof  of  our  magnanimity,  is  Por-T 

evacuate  Egypt,-  botli  the  security  tugal.     On  this  subject  he  had  en- 

of  Turkey  and  our  own  required  deavoured  to  obtain^  information ; 

that  we  should  have  retained  io  our  but   he  had  tiot  been    sufficientlf 

possession     some    strong    fortress,  successful  to  speak  with  decision 

garrisoned  by  British  troops.    With-  on  it.     He  adverted  to  tlie  treaty 

out  this  precaution,  what  was  there  of  Badajos,  aiid  to  the  ce-ssion  of  a 

to  prevent  the  French  from  return-  portion  of  the  Port\>gti?sc  territory 

ing  to  Egypt  ?  At  tlie  v«ry  moment  in  the  Brazils  j    and  he  asked  wh'e- 

wben  w6  magnanimously  stipulated  ther  it  was  to  be  undeistood  that 

for  the  evacuation  of  that  country,  our  treaty  widi  France  sanctioned 

'  there  was  not  a  French  soldier  re-  that  cession?  Portugal,  likes  Naples^ 

maining  in  it,  (thanks  to  general  had  been  secured  by  us  in  the  in- 

Hntcbinson,   whose  military   skill,  tegrity  of  her  possessions ;    and  our 

whose  firm  perseverance,  and  whose  magnanimity  ojl  this  occasion  had 

ma2ily  courage  could  only  be  ex-  been  loudly  vaunted  by  the  noble 

ceed^  by  his  modesty,)  who  was  lord,  because  those  two  powers  Iiad 

not  a  prisoner  to  our  gallant,  per-  formed   separate  treaties  with  tlic. 

severing,  and  victorious  army.     As  enemy.  '  But  were  not  tliose  trea- 

to  the  integrity  of  Naples,  that  was  ties  the  effect  of  compulsion  on  the 

as  insecure  as  Turkey }  for,  though  one  hand,  and  the  result  of  con- 

the  French  troc^s  had  evacuated  a  quest  on  the  other  ?     Slwuld  w« 

part  of    the  Neapolitan    territor}',  have  been  justified  in  dei^laring  war 

what  was   to   prevent  them  from  against  portugid    and  Naples    for 

letaming,   especially    as    they  re-  yielding,  against  their  will,  to  dire 

tained  possession  of  the  Cisalpine  necessity  ?    If  no  blame,  then,  at- 

lepublic  ?  *' I  wish  to"  know  what  is  tached  to  Portugal,    if  she  ought 

to  prevent  the  French  who  evacu-  really  to  be  considerc4  as  oui-  aUy, 

a^  Naples  to-day,  Monday,  from  as  no  huniaii  being  could  suspect 

reentering  it  on   Wednesday,    the  her  of  posscssiag  tne  abilit}'^  to  re- 

distance    from    the    Cisalpine    re-  sJ6t  her  enemy,  there  could  not  be 

public  not  being  mq^e  than  sixty  the  smallest  reason  for  any  diminu- 

Qttles  ?•'    Such  IS  the  situation,  such  tion  pf  our  attadnjient  to  her.  How 

tb©  security,   such  the  integrity  of  have  vre  provided  for  her  security  ? 

Naples.     In  casting  our  eyes  over  I'he  preliminary   articles   \vill  tell 

the  map  of  Emope,  we  look  in  vain  us  how.     Mr.  Greuville  tlien  took 

for  the  kingdom  of  Sar(fcnia.     The  a  large  bundle  of  papers  out  of  his 

territories  of  his  Sardinian  majesty  pocket,  but  begged  tlie  house  not 

'live  only  in  our  meoiof^'.    In.  the  to  be  alarmed,  as  he  only  meant  to 

read 


96 

to 

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if 

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X, 


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.  .      .'.\.\\.  •  ill     "OiL-i! .      ?.::". 

■   ■      I     •■'■•■.■■'I  ■ 

.'ii.  .1    ■  i.itii.i.    I'.ii.ii    ii  ' 

■  '.»V      !;».'■*>(•■■;■.  'I.      ■    :     ""..i.i 
■■i;;::iv.     'i:    .1.1..".*  .-..i     f.i 


.   ■»       ,1.    Lki'.i'      •   -J'      '     i      .11      i..r. 

,1  •.•'■'i  »•    *-» »    ■»»  ...1  ■■■^     III-  iiiit.' 
.»    I  •  j"'  'i''!    t.'     '    ' *■    ■.'!■•  •■•.*!/ 

,  i"«"'  ■■•■...  »        •'  .       .,     ■/.••r   '  »■• 

•  .»,  ...  ■!  ■»  •■  .■.■'•..*l| 

i  .:.  bi'  t;  .iij.  i.i  i<  I'j".!'.  i  -I*  ;..f" 
■  ■■:■•  !i. -I'ljii!"  t!;!'',  >;i  '  ii  !;.':  ..'i;,i'': 
!  ■.'    :"..;i    absir  11/     ;r»,».:     :      </    t].^; 

:  ..:v'.  ,  *  ■  ■.'/  ••■'-'  •!•  ■  •■  .^'  i  ?ii  It 
,     ■      ^..»'-      V..I-.     -..jf"-     hir;r  ,}-;     hfii 

.'.  .1.'/.  .  t  .'/•  •-'/}. if  *i  ••.A>  r./if  iictf*:  ; 
h.t?,    Wifo  tu  •  »'' ■/.    «}f*    J*'  Iff    '.V;i-; 

I  •.:■!'!  ;ir»/  y  tVJ'  ♦'':  M.Ii'.MT  lhl'\ 
V.'.", .'■.!!  ;^r.»  ""«  trif.tr,:,;  ■;  f:,  if.  rli/1 
::■."     ■[.'  :';f»>;    f'l  Ui'*    |»0.'/({   by  V/IlOlAJ 


I- 


....  -HI...:-  or 

...    ■^..:l    ■\.:>  v..:  ..::a  Tnpr*-    'i; 

.:•■■'  '."'i;v     -\-:v'."'  i     ■••r'r.iii 

•   III-    .:    :r.;v.,:i;ii'.L;.\    .v  -....i    i    ».i? 

.i:.ti  .1.  :.  ;;v.  •  ii>;>'  «.;  •J  .■«' 
■.v.;.N  'iir"r:-<'^  ■;  ;."!r  "  '■'..::i  ■\- 
^Jiv-^if   :-  -.v.i.  ';    .  ;t\    :..!    :  'inn;    'iw. 

■'        .111-  "■  '•*  '■'.•         '  I  .*  !f'*ill*..*.^ 

.'■'.u.-.  \  .» li  i'.r  : /i:t!...-;i  d  \v'::i 
■'■ri  3i,;l;:  '-:m:;-  ii-ru',    'tit?    "V'S- 

'ill  lau  un--  );•:"!  vislv  ^i:M::ii'd  i: 
'.III.  -'.I'.iV.v.-uii  .!  '  ■■  ■i'*!!,  r.i-  v..n;tr, 
iijii  «  -.'fii  :.  .iT  .:i.-  i:»MT  ;Mi  •111:;* 
:i':'-;:i.:»  .  i'  :..r  •j.-.-r-j  -iiiiMi-. 
'•'  *:.■!'.  \  ■  li'4  Ii  .i:  -in:  r'.'."*Nii'i.:i 
v:.i::  -v  :  :.i..-  ':\:  if.  wc  s.fi.l.r 
r.i;.:     :!iit     . .  s-i/.nr-j  i    w*     ».ui    n*-* 

•■'■".';•       'iM' ■'■     ••■'11   «ii  rl-vJ 

::-ii: :  -r  ;>  ..  i  w  \\\  ^w-^vkk.  ^\  \\\ 
^:t*  i.^.-.r...  51  ■■  uiiicu  'lif  v\.'roui;.'i 
'■IV  '  ::  «'  :■■  .;iv  W  v.-  ':.ui  ..-I'.it  d 
■i  "*.'•"  ^*  i.  :•  ■V'i'!:(.  'icCPP.H-  .1  i-Tta: 
.i;:'/.i  ;  .',:..  t.-*  .  i  »•  r-.ii{i-.  Wa  Opt^ 
Ti.ri;..,;.!  :  t  nit'-iturv  sUlioJ*  «-f  \;:u 
■.iiij.un.i:;!..  w  liu-  v'Nfri  .^t' a  .-^'Hidcn 
*A.i.'.  1.-.'  p:;i''.v.\-d  bv  .1  rr'.\la- 
Uki: ;•■•■.,  ll:;'  iT.-sujUi"  i.\Mii\vjjl:s, 
in     l.i-     rov.'"  ■     i;;'::i     i::vl:.',     lijs^ 

<'*r  it"  I, Illy  o\w  lU  '.[.  m:  r»'u:.:  lo 
r::t.i:;i".i,   ihv  I  a^H'  ::;  i*!-.  :avi'.oj    CO 

irr:j;'.:rai;c  ^ftt'oiivrit,  C*v:i-:',  ou 
rli«:  w^^tc-ni  .""idL-  i>r'  ihc  jK'ii'i>ii'ia. 
'/'■j.i  r.ne  ot'  tiif  strongest  niilitarv 
ii'Mitwrs  in  India.  In  the  event  of 
.'»  '.  .ir,  a  licet  might  sail  from  tJic 
(Jape  Hi.tl  arrivt*  at  Cocliin  before 
any  jvrsf)ii  in  ir.dia  could  know  ot 
iti  iurivjil,  and  before  any  person  in 
J'.].;;l:iiid   could    be  apprised  of  it,;» 

i>aillng. 


HISTOIiY     OF     EUROPE.  S9 

Railmg.     He  might  poi?sibly  be  told,     the  preliminary  trfnty,    similar  t9 
that  our  merchaiitnien  were  advis(*.d    one  which  \vas  prepared  at  the  ne^ 
to  avoid  the  Cape  j    that  tlie   im-     gotiation  at  liisle,  which  stipulated 
portance  of  that  settlement  was  not    for  the  restoration  of  the  whole  pro* 
50  great  as  was   represented  5  and    perty  of  t)ie  house  of  Orange,  or 
that  our  ships  might  touch  at  the    the    full    value    of  it    in  money? 
Brazils.      The      settlancnt    which    There  Conld  be  tio  objection  to  tlii^i 
the    French    had    acquired    in  the     but  we  wanted  the   spirit,  the  vi- 
Brazils  would,  in  that   case,    give    gour,  or  courage  to  support  ^i  ally, 
additional    importance    to    France,    who  had  been  so  tinfortunate  as  to 
The  Cape  and  0)chin  were  insisted    be  an  enemy  to  Franctf !     Though 
on  by  lord  jVIalmesbury,  at  Lisle,    he  did  not  tl?ink  the  peace  of  I  yH3 
as  points  from  which  we  would  not    was  either  glorious  or  honourable ; 
accede ;  and  tliese  were  now  given    yet  he  would  recommend  it  to  the 
up,  from  that  want  of  vigour,  spirit,    gentlemen  to  read  the  pTeliminaric* 
and  prudence  which  mark  our  ne-    to   that  treaty,  and   compare  them 
gotiations.     An   attempt  had  been    with  the  present.      Let  the  cessions 
.  made  to  represent  the  I^\'ant  tVade    made  then  be  compared  with  tfee 
as    unimportant    to    this    country,    cessions  made  now  5  and,   dx)ugh 
But   our    manufacturers,    he   con-    he    thought    the    former    a    bad 
ceived,    would   tell   a  far  different    peace,  which  presented  nothing  Uit 
tale.     Was  it  true  that  Malta  was    defeatandhumiliation,  yetM'ould  the 
unimportant ;  — that  fortress  which    latter  be  found  infinitely  worse  in 
had  sustained  a  blockade  of  nearly    itself,  and  unfortunately  more  dan- 
two  years  ?     It  could  not  be  seri-    gerous  in  its  consequences.      ITie 
ously  contended.     To  res(;:lie  Malta    present  peace  was  not  honourable, 
and  Ksypt  from  France  i;»  deemed    in  res\)ect  of  our  allies  ;  nor  was  it 
an   object  of  primary  importance;     necessary  to   be  made.     Mr.   Ad- 
but  when  it  is  considered  expedient    dingtdn  had  indignantly  disclaimed 
to  give  them  up,  their  importmce    the  plea  of  necessity.     Although  a 
suddeiUy    vanishes,    and    they   be-    diflerence  ef  opinion  existed  as  t^ 
come  trivial  and  insignificant.     No    the   terms    of  the  peace,    no  one 
part  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  nor  any    would   contend    that  we  were  re- 
thing  connected  witli  it,  excited  so    duced  to  the  necessity  of  making 
much   astonishment  in    his  mind,    a  peace,  dishonourable  to  our  allies 
as   our  treatment  of  the  house  of    or  unsafe  to  ourselves.     He  con- 
Orange,  except  the  defence  of  that    trasted  the  terms  of  the  peace  of 
treatment.      Britain   was    formerly    Utrecht,  and  of  the  peace  of  i/GS, 
bound  by  a  solemn  treaty  with  that    with  those  of  the  present  peace  ; 
house.     He  ui>derstood  some  pri-    showed  the  vast  increase  of  power 
vate  arrangement  was  making,  b?-    which  France   had   acquired  now, 
tween  France  aad  Prussia,  relative    and  the  consequent  increase  of  dan- 
to  that  subject.     But  the  prince  of    ger   to  ourselves..   The  noble  lord 
Orange  was  not  to  be  thrown  as  an  '  had  contended,  that  our  danger  did 
outcast  on  the  world,  by  tho^^e  for    not   accrue  from  the  existence  of 
whom    he    ha^   sacrificed  his   all.    republican  principles  in  France,  but 
"VVhcre  \rould  have  been  tlie  diffi-    from  the  extent  of  her  power  3  that, 
culyr  in  inlrodpcing  an  article  in    in  this  respect,  things  had  changed. 

Admiitiog 


V    ■    J  -  r 


7   7  .%•''? 


l"- 
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■      I  ,  '.III       ill  '."  .M"". 

'  ■   .-  .-.   w       l.-ll"       :: 

1     •\    .11, li     Ic:"!!"  •     v> 

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liic 


HISTORt    OF'  EUROPE. 


SI 


the  enemy."  Such  a  sentiment  he 
thought  by  no  means  becoming  a 
patriot  or  an- Englishman,  and  any 
peace  founded  on  it  must  be  hollow 
and  suspicious. 

Mr.  Pitt  said,  tliat  he  had  upon 
this  occasion  the  misfortune  to  dif- 
fer from  some  of  tiiose  with  whom 
he  had  been  long  united  in  the  ties 
of  private  friendship  and  politi<ial 
opinion.  He  should  begin  by  ob- 
srning,  tliat  'whatever  \aricty  of 
sentiments  once  existed,  as  to  what 
goveniraents  we  ought  to  treat  with, 
whatever  objects  it  might  have  once 
been  thought  most  advisable  to 
pursue  in  the  course  of  the'  war,  for 
some  time  past  all  have  agreed  that 
the  question  of  peace  and  war  was 
now  a  mere  question  of  terms. 
After  the  continental  alliaqce  had 


peremptory  in  our  demands.    He 
thought  t!>c  principle  and  tlie  terms 
of  tlie  treaty  had  been  well  described 
by  his  noble  friend  (lord  Hawkes- 
bury).     Our  grand  object  was  to 
add  fresh  security  to  our  iiKiritime 
strength  and  commercial  greatness. 
We  did  not  seek  to  rcUim  any  of 
our  conquests  which  we   did  not 
materially   want,  and  which  were 
unconne<Lted  with  our  ancient  ]x>s- 
sessions.     in   the   East  and  West 
Indies  we  had  got  evtM'y  thing  that 
we  could  reason^iblv  demand  :  and 
if  we  consented  to  give  up  our  con- 
quests in  tlie  Meditenranean,  what- 
ever glory  we  had  acquired  in  mak- 
ing tliese  conquests,  it  must  be  con* 
fessed,  that  the  Mediterranean  and 
Levant  were  of  much  less  lmj>ortancc 
to  British  commerce  than  the  East 


been   dissolved,   nothing  remained    and  West  Indies.    Altlxnigh  certain 
for  us  but  to  procure  just  and  ho-    poi*ts  in  that  quarter  might  be  use* 


nonrable  conditions  of  peace  for  our- 
sel\'es  and  the  few  allies  which  had 
not  deserted  us.     When  it  became 
merely  a  question  of  terms,  he  \^'as 
much  more  anxious  as  to  the  tone 
and  character  of  the  peace,  than 
about  any  particular  object  which 
should  come  into  dispute.  Although 
he  conceived  it  the  duty  of  every 
minister  to  obtain  the  best  possible 
terms  for  the  state  to  which  he  be- 
longed, yet  as  long  as  the  peace  was 
honourable,    he  should  prefer  ac- 
cepting terms,  even  short  of  what 
he  thought  the  countrj^  entitled  to, 
to  risking  the  result  of  the  negotiation 
by  too  obstinate  an  adherence  to  any 
particular  point :  although  certainly 
every  thing  had  not  been  obtained    cession  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 


f ul  in  a  future  contiiiental  war,  yet 
when  we  were  selecting  which  of 
our   conquests  we    sjiould  retain, 
we    should    certainly   prefer  those 
which    are    connected    with  ^the 
constant  and  permanent;,  sources  of 
our    prosperity.      As  to  Minorca, 
during  the  four  last  wars  it  had  re- 
gularly shifted  hands.     In  peace  it 
was  of  no  importance,  and  in  war 
the  power  which  w^as  strongest  at 
sea  always  took  it.     He  was  sorr}' 
we  could  not  retain  Malta  j  b\it  U 
we  were  obliged  to  give  it  up,  he 
did  not  kno^v  in  what  hands  it  could 
better  be  placed  than   thosi»  men*- 
tloned  in  the  treaty.     Turning  to 
the  East  Indies,  lie  fi^lt  refrret  at  the 


by  the  preliminaries,  yet  it  did  not 
appear  to  him  tliat  the  difference 
between  those  terms  and  what  the 
country  had  a  right  to,  was  to  be 
compared    with    the    evils    which 


which  he  had  been  always  accris»- 
tomed  to  estimate  more  highjy  than 
his  noble  friead,  but.  still  he  consi- 
dered it  as  much  less  important  than. 
Ceylon,  which  was. to  us  the  most 


4Dight  have  resulted  from  being  too    valuable  o^onial  posiessign  on  tlie 

globe. 


ftS  ANNl^Ati    HEGlBtER,  iaosi. 


globe,  as  giving  to  oiiV  Todian  em- 
pire a  sficurity  which  it  had  not  tii- 
joyed  from  its  first  fjstablishhirnt. 
As  to  the  Arrangement  proposed  I)}' 
Joid  Malmcsbury  abmit  Cochiii)  ho 
did  not  feci  Iiiniself  at  liberty  to 
state  how  far  lord  Malmcsbury  had 
hen  permitted  by  his  instructions 
to  recede  from  the  projet  presented 
ot  Lisle :  but  it  was  evident  that 
Cochin  was   not  now  of  tlie  im- 
portance it  possessetl  while  I'ijipoo 
Saib  was  master  of  the  surroundiliij 
districts.  It  was  like  Berwick-upon- 
'J\ve(»d,    which,  while  the  Scutch 
were  a  se])ni*ate  people,  was  of  great 
ijiiportance  as    a  fortified  frontier 
town;  but  after  t!ie  whole  island 
was  happily  united,  what  was  Ihe 
political    importance  of   Kerwick- 
upon -Tweed?     While  Tippoo  ex- 
isted, the  supplies  he  raiglit  have 
nxicived  from  the  port  of  Cocliin, 
in  the  hands  of  France,  was  a  most 
important  consideration,  but  at  prc- 
.sent,  even  Negapatam  was  of  more 
<.f)nse(nience    tlian    Cochin.      Mr. 
I'itt  also  expatiated  at  great  length 
on  the  importance  of  Trinidad  j  h6 
snid,  that  with  the  tenns  of  peace, 
M    tliey  regard  ourselves,  he  was 
rompletcly    satisfied,      lliey  were 
;ds()  satisfactory  with  respect  to  our 
allies  :  for  the  Porte  we  had  done 
every  thincr  we  were  bound  to  do, 
and  a  great  deal  more,     llie  recog- 
nition of  the  republic  of  the  Seven 
Islands  was  of  the  utmost  imjwrt- 
ance,  as   the  very  existence  of  the 
'Turkish  empire  was  in  danger,  if 
they  should  be  left  in  the  hands  of 
-bVance.  ForNaples  we  had  done  e\'ery 
tiling  which  could  have  hi'cn  done, 
even  if  the  treaty  had  still  existed 
With  that  power.   As  to  Sardinia,  it 
\v:\i  evident,  that  unless  we  had  the 
pi>w'i't  to  ilissolve  tlie  (Cisalpine  and 
Li^^uiiuu   r(^pul>lics,    and  undo   all 

3 


that  the  war  in  Italy  had  done,  wi 
never  could  restore  the  king  of  Sar- 
dinia to  his  fomier  situation.    WitH 
Respect  to  Portugal^  we  liad  not  only 
exliibited  the  most  punctilious  good 
faith,  but  tlie  most  dignified  libera- 
lity.   FYance  would  have  insisted  ori 
far  more  Considerable  cessions,  had 
it  not  been  for  our  interposition.  Ajt 
to  our  guaranty  of  tlie  constitutiori 
of  Holland  in  ijsy,  Could  it  be  for-^ 
gotten  what  exertions  we  had  madd 
to  supiKirt  it  ?     As  to  a  mere  pecu-» 
niary  indemnity  to  tlie  stadtholder^ 
which  was  all  that  w^s  asked  at 
Lisle,  it  was  an  object  of  too  trifling 
importance  to  endanger  the  success 
of  a  negotiation  about.     Many  geu«» 
tlemen  seemed  to  tliink,  tliat  w6 
had  ceded  possessions  which  were 
important  to  our  security ;  he,  on 
the  a)ntrary,  thought  that  what  we 
•  had  ceded  was  not  unimportant  to 
our  commerce  or  finance,  but  had 
nothing  to  do  with  our  security : 
the  retaining  them  would  not  hav^ 
maintained  the  integrity  of  Portugal, 
Naples,    or    Sardinia,    nor    would 
have  dej)rived  the  French  of  any  of 
tliat  immense  line  of  coast  which 
causes  our  dismay.     A  little  more 
commerce,    a  litde  more  finance, 
after  a  continuation  of  the  war  fot 
some  years  longer,  would  be  a  bad 
bargain  :  unless  it  was  possible  to 
raise  up  a  new  confederacy  more 
unanimous    and    better    cemented 
than   the  former  ones,  war  might 
not  only  be  an  idle  waste  of  trea* 
sure,  but  might  leave  the  relative 
situation  of  tiie  country  worse  than 
it  is   at  present.     France  had  not 
insisted  on  the  ufi  possidetis  with 
the,  nations  she  conquered  on  the 
continent,  much  less  had  we  a  right 
to  insist  upon  that  basis  witli  her. 
It  would  be  slranee  indeed  if  we 
should  'expect    tliat    the    gigantic 

power 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE.  33 

power  of  an  enemy  should  be  a  struction.      At    other    times    we 

ground  for  obtaining  better  terms  might    have    thought    of    driving 

than  could  reasonably  be  asked  if  France  within  her  ancient  limits, 

he  was  feeble.    It  would  be  strange  and  even  strengthening  the  barriers 

language  indeed  for  a  negotiator  to  of  her  neighbours :    but  now  that 

say  to  France,  You  are  so  formida-  every  hope   of  success   in  such  a 

blc,  and  so  exceedingly  alarm  us,  plan  is  vanished,  it  becomes  right 

that  you  must  give  us  a  share  of  to  consider  the  actual  situation  of 

your  possessions  to  make  us  equal,  the  two  countries.     To  remain  ob- 

A  wish  of  this  sort  might  be  ex-  stinate    after    circumstances     had 

pressed,  but  it  could  not  reasonably  changed  would  be   the  roost  fatal 

be  expected  that  it  would  be  grati-  of  eiTors.     He  coincided  with  what 

ficd.  had  fallen  from   his  noble  friend 

As  to  the  present  government  (lord  Hawkesbury),  that  when  we 
of  France  and  the  first  consul,  he  speak  of  the  aggrandisements  of 
should  abstain  from  any  disrespect-  France,  we  should  also  take  into 
fill  or  irritating  language,  as  every  the  account  her  losses,  both  in  po- 
mark  of  outward  respect  was  due  pulation,  capital,  and  industry  5  we 
to  every  government  with  which  must  take  also  into  the  account  the 
we  were  at  peace.  His  opinion  of  acquisitions  of  other  powers.  The 
the  past  however  remained  un-  growthof  this  country  too  had  been 
altered.  This  country  was  at  first  immense,  and  by  the  advantages  we 
called  upon  to  resist  an  attack  had, gained  by  the  union  with  Ire- 
against  all  existing  governments ;  its  land,  by  our  naval  and  military  re* 
object  was  security.  He  must  con-  putation,  by  the  consolidation  of 
fess  that  his  majesty's  ministers  then  our  Ihdian  empire,  and  the  increase 
thought  that  the  dissolution  of  the  of  our  commerce,  we  might  well 
revolutionary  government  was  the  lippe,  that  if  tlie  country  was  true 
best  means  of  obtaming  this  securi-  to  itself,  that  it  would  enjoy  a  long 
ty,  but  he  never  reckoned  it  a  train  of  prosperity  and  happiness. 
sine  qua  non :  he  then  thought  the  He  concluded  by  giving  his  sincere 
restoration  of  monarchy  would  be  assent  to  th^  motion. 
a  happy  thing  for  France  -and  for  Mr.  Fox  !^aid,  that  since  he  had 
Europe :  he  thought  so  still,  and  he  been  member  of  that  house,  he 
should  confess  that,  to  his  dying  day,  never  ^ave  his  assent  with  greater 
he  should  regret  the  disappoint-  satisfaction  to  any  measure,  than  he 
ment  of  his  hopes.  He  should  now  did  to  the  preliminaries  of 
have  been  happy  to  have  put  to-  peace.  He  considered  that  this 
gether  the  fragments  of  that  ve-  peace  must  be  allow(id  to  be  hoiiour- 
nerable  edifice  which  had  been  so  able  by  those  who  supported  it,  or 
cruell/  scattered  3  but  when  that  else  it  could  not  meet  their  appro- 
object  became  unattainable,  he  must  bation,  or  be  considered  safe.  With 
take  that  which  was  within  his  nations,  as  well  as  individuals,  ho- 
reach.  They  had  survived  the  ra-  nour  is  the  most  essential  means  of 
vages  of  jacobinism  5  they  had,  at  safety.  Without  honour  a  nation 
least,  lived  long  enough  ^o  see  it  can  neither  expect  to  meet  respect 
lose  much  of  its  viruleiice,  and  at  home,  nor  confidence  abroad^ 
stripped  of  those  dieTusive  colours  which  are  absolutely  necessary  to 
which  once  gave  it  its  powers  of  de-  the  true  greatness  of  a  nation.    Na- 

V0L.XUV.  D                                   Uonal 


o  is^rER,  1S02. 


.  1 


.* 


.(      v'       •»  1^1    1 


I  \> 


'.      X  .i.i>   u»:' 

. .,  .,  \.l  -      \'    '•'   v^''-i^  mik^hi  he 
..  iiii  \*-i»'    ^^'i*  l'^^'^  ^UU\\  h\  lord 

.1.1     |,ur.!..>l    .1-.   \v»\    iu»|HMlaiJt  aO- 

.  .n,.i.,  11..    nu\  AhUowyM   ho  iuhnit- 

...I  ill.   iim'v>ii.uui' \>l  Malta,  anil  re- 

.  n  H.  .1  il»«  n. » t •^M^.\  i»f  i*ivmg  it  up, 

,x\  I,.   ,.»nKl  uoi  tl.Uttr  hiin.sclt' that 

,w.   ,..u).l   ha\4-   iihtauKil   \\Ci\cc  ou 

I.  ii,  i    i.ium.      N\i'  could  produce 

n.»  M  luu.  pu  i-airr  ou  I'ranct*,  and 

,.»  ill  xy.  w  w.ii  Ik-lUt  uoi  to  risk  the 

n  ]'in\i    »»l'  I  he   uc\^i>liatiou,  by  in- 

i.iwi  •  nil  MX  aa'ulc  which  the  pride 

.M    |.ir|iulii\*  ot   the  cucmy  would 

li,>\.  l\\  liiiu  to  rclusc.    France  and 

I'lu'l.mil  \M  re  now  in  such  a  situa- 

linii,  lUai  nr.ilher  could  produce  any 

«  uii^idiraUle  impression  on  the  other. 

lu    Kiiropv',    we    could    not   att'ect 

I'lMihi-j     in  the   colonies,    we  had 

duiii'  i*\ery  thing  we  could  do;  and 

happily  tlie  present  ministers  did  not 

speculate  on  the  iinancial  dilficulties 

til'  Inancc.    If  too  mucli  importance 

had   been    attached    to   trifles,    we 

should  have  risked  another  year  of 

war,  which,  altliough  our  resour<;es 

would  be  able  to  carry  us  through, 

w  culd  certainly  be  a  gre*U  evil.  Even 

those  who   cry  out  die  most  loudly 

against  the  teiius  of  peacc^  would  not 


A .  vc:c  ;o  wconuceod  a  coniiniiatioa 
,;  ...v  war.  \N'hen  the  horrible  evil 
..jw»  v\>i^,3JdcrT\i  ot  il^e  buik  of  the 
'  \v;se  *ub>i>tinj!  oa  oh.uSiv.  it  must 
-i:»ivar  iniiniirly  be  tier  that  they 
0.v'u!d  U'  able  to  piuvhi>e  by  their 
'aVur  that  Nub>i>tenKX*  which  the 
\x  av  had  put  out  of  their  rwicb,  than 
that  we  Nlimdd  in>ist  «m  retaining 
either  Malta  or  the  Cape.  Some 
rigreiioA  thai  the  j>eaoe  was  glo- 
rious to  FrauvV  ;  for  his  part,  if 
the  jvace  ci>uld  be  glorious  ti> 
Fraui^  w  itliout  Iviuir  dishonoiu~able 
to  i!\is  count  n\  he  should  not  feel 
ivncern  at  it.  As  far  as  the  object 
oi  the  w  ar  w  .is  a  res:oratiwi  of  the 
house  of  Hourbon,  it  was  to  him  a 
rrcvmimendation  of  the  j>eace,  th^t 
that  object  slundd  have  tailed  :  had 
it  suuvedeii,  tlie  general  liberties  of 
mankind  woidil  have  been  endan- 
gereih  I'hen  wonld  have  followed 
cixditions  of  princes  for  the  mutual 
ojij^ression  of  their  subjects:  had 
such  co;di lions  formerly  existed 
among  the  princes  of  Euroj>e,  Eng- 
land would  not  now  have  enjoyed  a 
free  constitution.  Were  such  coali- 
tions of  princes  now  to  be  made,  it 
would  be  the  greatest  misfortune 
which  could  befall  this  country.  As 
to  the  maxim  which  had  been  laid 
down  by  a  right  honourable  gentle- 
man (Mr.  Pitt),  that  when  the  exe- 
cutive government  makes  peace, 
men  in  high  stations  should  abstain 
from  inflammatory  oi  insulting  lan- 
guage ;  if  tliis  is  true  after  peace  is 
concluded,  how  much  more  forcibly 
would  it  apply  to  using  such  inflam- 
matory language  as  he  had  used,  be- 
fore war  had  ever  been  declared?  With 
respect  to  the  terms  and  the  tone  of 
tlifr  treaty,  he  'perfectly  coincided 
wiJh  the  noble  lord  (lord  Hawkes- 
bury),  but  as  to  die  time  of  it,  he 
mubt  still  i^sibt^  that  both  before  the 

war- 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


33 


war  began>    and  at    almost  every 
period  since,  better  terms  than  the 
present  were  in  our  power.     The 
negotiation  at  Paris  broke  off  on  ac- 
count of  the  extravagant  terms  we 
then  demanded,  and  in  the  failure 
of  that  at  Lisle,  Mr.  Pitt  had  de- 
clared,   that    he    trembled    lest  it 
should  succeed,    and  employed    it 
only  to  assist  his  schemes  of  finanpe. 
Even  passing  by  the  negotiations  at 
Paris  ^nd  at  Lisle,  we  might  have 
had  much  bettdr  terms  when  Bona- 
parte made  overtures  of  peace.     It 
was  then  said,  we  must  pause.   We 
,    did  pause,  and  that  pause  cost  us, 
beside    the    lives    of      thousands, 
seven ty-tliree    millions  of  money. 
This  was  more  than  the  whole  of 
the  national  debt  from  the  revolu- 
tion to  the  year  1755.     Thus  Mr. 
Pitt's  pazise  had  cost  more  thau  the 
victories  of  the  duke  of  Marlborough 
and  king 'William  together.     The 
experience    of   the    first    coalition 
ought  to  have  taught  ministers  not 
to  have  placed  too  much  confidence 
in  a  second.     And  it  must  be  al- 
lowed, that  the  excessive  aggran- 
dizement of  France  was  not  the  ef- 
fect of  the  peace,  but  of  the  war. 
He  was  of  opinion,  that  for  the  fu- 
ture, to  enjoy  the  blessings  of  peace, 
we  should  confine  ourselves  to  small 
establishments,  and  not  pretend  to 
cope  with  France  in  keeping  up  ex- 
pensive armies  :  he  thought  tlie  new 
order  of  things  would  cherish,  on 
both  sides,  pacific  dispositions ;  and 
that  it  was  in  an  increased  commerce 
we  must  find  compensation  for  the 
territorial  aggrandizement  of  France. 
Mr.  Fox  tiien  commented  with 
some  severity  on  the  observation  of 
lord  Castlereagh,  that  Ireland  had 
been  managed  with  a  delicate  hand : 
he  said,   the  conflagrations,  whip- 
ping, and  other  engrmities,  com- 


mitted in  that  country  in  1797*  by 
no  means  desen-ed  tliat  appellation. 
If  however  the  effect  of  the  peace 
should  be,  that  the  habeas  corpus 
act  was  to  be  again  put  in  force, 
and  the  common  law  established, 
he  should  rejoice  :  he  should  receive, 
however,  the  restoration  of  the  li- 
berties of  the  country  as  a  right,  not 
,  as  a  boon. 

Mr.  Addington  rose  about  three 
o* clock,  and  apologized  for  troubling 
the  house  at  so  late  an  hour :  he 
said  it  had  been  tlie  leading  feature 
of  his  majesty's  present  administra- 
tion,   to  endeavour  to  efface  tliat 
angry  aspect  and  tone  which  had 
been  apparent  not  only  to  France, 
but  to  all  the  countries  in  Europe. 
The 'cessions  which   Portugal  had 
been  obliged  lo  make  in  Guyana 
were  not  considered    by   Portugal 
herself  as  likely  to  be  prejudical  to 
her  essential  interests  :   altliough  an 
honourable  gentleman  had  spoken 
with  much  levity  of  the  service  we 
had  rendered,  and  the  security  we 
had  obtained  for  Naples,  yet  if  tliat 
honourable   gendeman  would  take 
the  trouble  of  speaking  to  the  N'ea- 
politan  ambassador  on  the  subject, 
he  would  find  that  the   king,  his 
master,  was  perfecdy  content  with 
what  had  been  done  by  this  country. 
He  trusted  a  right  honourable  gen- 
tleman (Mr.  Windham)  would  not 
wish,  by  a  further  continuance  of 
the  war,  to  drive  this  country  into 
such  an  extremity  of  danger,  and  so 
completely  to  exliaust  its  resources, 
that  it  should  never  again,  in  any 
future  war,  be  able  to  oppose  any 
check  to  the  aggrapdizemtnt  or  am- 
bition of  France.     For  his  part,  he 
felt  no  desire  to  deprive  France  of 
her  distant  colonies,  nor  of  her  due 
proportion  of  commerce :  and  as  to 
her  form  of  government,  this  coun^ 
D2 


S9 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


try  In  lime  of  peace  had  nothing  to 
do  with  it,  and  it  should  be  the 
principal  object  of  his  administration 
to  preserve  faitliftilly  a  peace  which 
Iiad  been  honestly  made. 

Dr.  Lawrence,  Mr.  Windham, 
and  Mr.  Grenville,  explained,  and 
the  house,  on  account  of  tlic  lateness 
of  the  hour,  adjourned  the  debate. 
On  the  next  day,  previous  to  the 
renewal  of  the  debate,  lord  Temple 
asked  ministers  whether  they  had 
been  informed  of  the  ratification 
of  the  treaty  between  France  and 
Portugal,  which  was  stated  in 
the  French  official  journal,  and 
whether  the  ratification  extended 
to  any  new  cessions  since  the  treaty 
of  Badajos  ?  Lord  Hawkcsbury  re- 
plied, that  he  had  no  information 
on  the  subject  but  from  the  French 
papers ;  but  that  the  ratification 
certainly  did  not  extend  to  any  new 
cessions. 

Mr.  Windham  delivered  his  sen- 
timents at  great  length  against  tlie 
peace.  Every  thing  he  heard  and 
saw  made  him  more  strongly  dis- 
approve of  the  terms  of  it.  Not- 
\»  iihstanding  the  tone  of  vigour  and 
dignity  assumed  by  Mr.  Pitt,  he 
could  draw  no  inference  from  his 
arguments,  but  that  we  are  com- 
pletely in  the  power  of  the  enemy, 
and  have  no  other  security  but  the 
disposition  lie  may  please  to  show. 
He  thought  he  perceived  a  general 
apadiy  to  the  danger  of  the  coun- 
try, a  general  disregiu^d  for  its  na- 
tional dignity  and  honour,  which 
made  him  tremble  for  its  future 
dciitlny.  The  question  of  the  pre- 
sent treaty  had  nothing  to  do  with 
the  negotiation  at  Lisle,  no  more 
than  with  tlie  peace  of  1/63,  and 
yet  that  appeared  the  favourite  topic 
of  those  who  supjwrted  the  prelimi- 
naries,   which  they  urged  as    au 


arsrumenhtm  ad  hominem  against 
him.  He  should  allow  that  the 
present  question  was  not  so  mix:li 
whetlier  the  peace  was  good  ^  bad, 
honoiurable  or  dishonourable,  ade- 
quate or  inadequate;  those  consi- 
derations were  but  parts  of  die 
qiiestion,  which  was  really  this: 
Whether  the  peace  which  has  been 
concluded  is  or  is  not  better  than  a 
continuance  of  the  war  ?  To  an- 
swer this  question  rightly,  it  was 
necessary  not  only  to  consider  the 
cessions  which  had  been  made  at 
the  peace,  but  the  effect  which 
those  cessions  produced  on  our  na- 
tional character.  If  the  peace  ban 
been  concluded  on  terms  which 
lowered  the  character  of  this  na- 
tion ;  if  any  symptoms  of  weakness 
were  discovered  in  it,  then  perhaps 
a  continuance  of  the  war  would 
have  been  better  tJian  such  a  peace. 
It  had  been  often  stated  in  that 
house,  and  perhaps  truly,  tliat  the 
preservation  of  national  honour  was 
almost  the  only  legitimate  ground 
of  war.  National  honour  was  cer-i 
tainly  a  subject  of  the  first-rate 
importance :  if  we  permitted  any 
violations  and  aggressions  in  this 
quarter,  it  would  immediately  lead 
us  to  infamy  and  ruin.  [Here 
Mr.  Windham  read  an  extract 
from  Junrus^  comparing  the  deli- 
cacy of  national  honour  to  that  of 
female  purity.]  llie  situation  of 
things,  as  settled  by  the  pe^ice,  is 
this.  Austria  has  been  conquered, 
and  has  lost  her  rank  among  the 
nations,  and  there  remains  no  coun- 
terpoise in  Europe  for  the  great 
power  of  France.  In  the  JSast, 
Ppndichcrry  and  Cochin  has  been 
restored  to  France,  and  in  the  West 
Indies  she  had  recovered  many 
valuable  islands,  which  we  had  won 
from  her  by  conquest.  The  posses- 
sions 


HISTORY     OF     E.UROPE. 


37 


sions  of  Spain  also  might  be  said 
to  be  hers  -,  she  could  take  them 
whenever  she  pleased  :  she  has  now 
the  Aieans  of  increasing  her  foreign 
settlements,  and  of  surrounding  the 
British  emp'u'e.  If  peace  was  ^up- 
ported  on  the  ground  of  our  in- 
ability to  pursue  the  war,  he  must 
ask,  was  that  inability  likely  to  grow 
less  ?  He  thought  not ;  on  the  con- 
trary, he  thought  the  disparity  be- 
tween the    countries  would    daily 

*  increase.     All  that  we  could   ex- 
pect from  the  present  peace  was, 
that  the   enemy  may  not  think  it 
expedient   at  present  to  exert  the 
power    she   has   obtained    for  our 
destruction.     France  has  uniformly 
aspired  to  universal  empire  :  in  the 
beginning  of  the    revolution    she 
had    all   empire    of  opinion,    but 
now  of  power.     French    principles 
first  paved  the  way  for  power,  and 
now  her  power  is  used  to  dissemi- 
nate principles  ;  not  such  principles, 
however,  as  now   are   tolerated  in 
France,  but  principles  whicli  will 
not   serve  foi*  home  consumption, 
and    which,    therefore,    they   send 
abroad  for  exportation.      Bonaparte 
knows  well  how    to  be   tlie  sup- 
porter oif  despotism  in  France,  and 
of  jacobinism  in    Holland.       Mr. 
Windham  then  asked,    should  we 
hold  an  intercourse   with  a  nation 
which  was  the   foe    of  morality  ? 
with  a  nation  with  whom  the  sacred 
institution    of  marriage  has  been 
abolished?      The    scheme    of  the 
French  illuminati  was,   that  their 
end  was  to  be  accomplished  by  tl^c 
destruction    of  morality,    and   tlie 
^irest  part  of  the    creation  were 
made  their  instruments  of  corrup- 
tion.    As  to  the  supposed  change 

'  of  character  in  the  French  people 
and  government,  the  only  difterence 
is^  that  in  more  Jacobinical  times 


they  were  chiefly  formidable  from 
their  principles,  but  now  it  is  their 
annsand  real  power  which  gives 
alarm  5  but  in  all  this  change  they 
have   preserved    the   same    hostile 
spirit  against  this  country.      This 
country  is  still  marked  out  as  Car^ 
tkage,  which    must  be   destroyed, 
to    make    wRy   for    the    universal 
empire    of  modern  Rome*       The 
Romans   too    conquered    Carthago 
point  by  point,  always  terminating 
a  glorious  war  by  an   advantageous 
peace :  every  renewal  of  the  war 
was  attended  with  fresh  advantages, 
and  Cartilage  at  length  sunk  beneatli 
her  powerful  rival.      We  have  by 
the  present  peace   given  out  of  our 
hands  every  security  which  we  pos- 
sessed, and  in  this  situation  we  sliall 
be  obliged  at  a  future  time  to  con- 
tend against    an    enemy    infinitely 
stronger,    by  reason  of    her   great 
acquisitions.      It   seems    tliat  it  is 
supposed  that  our  great  capital  will 
enable  us  for  a   long  time   to  out- 
strip   France  in  the  race  of  com- 
merce 5     but    without    wishing  to 
undervalue  this  great  advantage  of 
capital  and  industry  on   our    side, 
he  must  ask,  was  it  to  be  supposed 
that  Bonaparte  would  permit   this 
great  commercial  contest  to  be  fairly 
decided,    or  would  not  he    rather 
endeavour  to  decide  it  by  the  sword  ? 
Wealth,  .though  a  means  oi  carr)'- 
ing  on  war,  will  not  by  itself  save 
a  country  from  ruin  and  destruction. 
He  asked   at  present  for  security, 
and  notliing  more  5    but  he   could 
not  conceive  that  security  could  be 
obtained  under  a  peace  like  the  pre- 
sent.     Let   (Economy  be  as  great 
as  it  can,  and  tlie  expense  of  such 
a  peace  must  be  very  nearly  equal 
to  that  of  a  full  war  establishment ; 
and  all  we   can  hope  to  obtain  at 
that  great  expense^,  is  z  mere  armed 
D3  tmce. 


88  ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802. 

truce.      On  the  other   hand,    war  revolutioft    was    effected    in    that 
would  have  preserved  us  from   all  country,  and  yet  the  whole  nation 
communication    with   the    enemy,  was  convinced    that    this    countiy 
and  consequently  from  all  contagion  alone,  without  continental  coopera- 
from    their   principles  :    it    would  tion,  could  not  effect  such  counter- 
liave  left  us  in  possession  of  all  our  revolution.       Tlie  only  difference 
commercial   advantages,    and*  have  between  this  peace,  which  the  right 
given  us  all   those   chances   which  honourable  gentleman  painted  as  a 
arise  out   of  war.      When  he  has  funeral,  and  that  which  he  would 
heard  so  much  of  the  wealth,  ener-  have  solemnized  as  a  festival,  was, 
gies,  and  resources  of  tlie  nation,  he  that  some  colonies  were  restored, 
has  always  thought  that  tliere  never  which  he  would   have   wished  to 
was  a  time  when  tliey  were  more  have  kept.     Mr.  Wilberforce  then, 
necessary  to  be  called  fortli  than  at  in     speaking     of    Trinidada,     la- 
present,  when  the  security  and  the  mented  the  probable  increase  of  the 
very  existence  of  the  nation  is  in  slave  trade :  he  concluded  an  ani- 
danger.     There  was  anotlier  point  mated  speech  by  deploring  the  con- 
to  which  he  wished  to  direct   their  tagion  of  modern   French    morals, 
attention ;  he  considered  tlie  entire  although  he  thought  this  contagion 
desertion  of  tlie    interests   of   the  would  be  as  fatal  in   wk   ^s   in 
emigrants     (who    had  shown  such  peace.                                  ^§-> 
attachment  to  the  cause  they  em-  Dr.  Lawrence    spoke    at    great 
braced,  and  given  such  cooperation  length,  and  very  ably,   against  the 
to  tlie  British  forces),  as    a  thing  peace.       The   sti'ongest    topic    he 
most  disgraceful   to    tlie    country,  urged   in  addition  to  the   grounds 
There  ought  to  have  been  stipulated  which  had  been  taken  by  the  other 
for  them  at  least  a  safe  return  to  speakers  on   tlie  same  side,    was, 
their  country.       He  thought  that  that  while  the  Fnflft^h  were  always 
the  chief  fault  tliroughout  the  war  faithful  to  their  iwles,  his  majesty's 
was,  that  the  people  were  not  suf-  ministers  deserted. ours.     He  added 
ficiently  aware    of    tlieir   danger,  that  general  Menou,  when  cooped 
The  people,  always  accustomed  to  up  in  Alexandria,    obtained  better 
wish  for  an  end  to  the  war,  had  terms  for  his  allies  in  Egypt    tlian 
not   sufficiently    reflected    oa    the  we  had  pretended  to  do  for  oiurs  in 
dangers  of  a  peace.  Europe.     The  consequence  he  con- 
Mr.  Wilberforce  rose  in  reply  to  ceived  that  must  r^^t   from  tliis 
Mr.  Windhan?,  and  took  notice  of  conduct  was^  that  the  weaker  powers 
the  universal  joy  which  pervaded  would  for  the  future  put  themselves 
all  classes  of  people  when  they  heard  under  the    protection    of    France, 
tliat  peace  was  made,  and  which  whom  they  knew  to  be  faithfiil  to 
was  not  diminished  by  hearing  the  ter  engagements, 
terms   of  it.       He  complained  of  Mr.  Elliot  looked  upon  the  peace 
the    ideas    which    the  honourable  as  ruin,  and  the  treaty  as  an  upne- 
rnember  had  imbibed,  and  seemed  cessary  sacrifice  of  our  honour  and 
anxious  to  propagate :    it  appeared  interests,    merely    ta   purchase    a 
as  if  that  right  honourable  gentle-  short-lived  and  precarious  tranquil- 
man  thought  there  ought  never  to  lity.    [Mr.  Elliot  necessarily  went 
be  peace  with  France,  till  a  CQunter-  over  many  of  the  grounds  which  • 

the 


/•  • " 


HISTORY      OF      EUROPE. 


39 


4!he  other  speakers  had  taken  and' 
nearly  exhausted]. 

The  Secretary  at  War  supported 
the  peace,  and  considered  that  the 
future  security  pf  thij  country 
might  be  sufficiendy  provided  for, 
by  improvements  in  the  system  of 
militaiy  defence. 

Several  other  gentlemen  spoke  on 
the  qucsjtion  :  most  of  whom  were 
in  favour  of  the  peace. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
closed  the  debate  by  a  short  reply 
to  the  arguments  against  the  preli- 
minaries. 

Thus  terminated,  after  two  days 
long  and  close  argument,  the  very  ani- 
mated discussion  of  the  preliminaries 
of  the  ^ace :  a  peace  the  most  im- 
portacHiall  its  lights  and  bearings 
that  tjc  world  had  ever  witnessed. 
In  w:hat  situation  it  left  the  bellige- 
rent andf  the  neutral  powers  of  Eu- 
rope, as  well  with  respect  to  their  ter- 
ritorial, as  to  their  political  relations, 
it  will  belong  more  appropriately  to 
another  part  ^this  sketch  of  tlie  His- 
tory of  Europe,  ^r  tlie  year  180'i,  to 
detail :  but  it  itoay  be  necessary  here 
to  call  the  attention  of  our  readers  to 
the  line  of  conduct  which  the  great 
leading  characters  of  tlie  country 
chose  in  this  memorable  debate  to  risk 
their  political  fame  and  reputation 
upon.  No  occasion  could  be  more 
solemn,  noopestion  more  momen- 
tous, no  decision  more  important. 
Impressed  with  these  sentiments, 
each  individual,  whether  leader  or 
partizan,  carried  with  him  to  the 
arduous  contest  all  his  energies  of 
mind,  all  his  powers  of  ratiocination. 
£ach  seemed  to  thifik  the  present 
contest  that  on  which  not  only  the 
dearest  interests  of  his  country  were 
to  be  decided,  but  by  which  his  own 
character  a«  a  statesman  was  to  be 
d^enoined  6a  by  his  contempoiaries 


and  by  posterity :  nor  was  the 
scene  less  interesting  to  the  people 
of  England,  who  were  a.nxiously 
waiting  the  investigation  and  de- 
cision of  parliament,  assembled 
for  the  express  purpose  at  so  early 
a  period  for  the  consideration  of 
this  great  object  of  their  wishes. 
This  anxiety  was  still  more  widely 
spread,  for  there  was  not  a  power 
of  Europe  which  did  not  look  to 
the  arguments  and  resolves  of  this 
day  with  an  interest  proportioned 
to  the  importance  and  magnitude 
of  the  subject 

It  naturally  occurs,  from  the 
trifling  division  in  point  of  number 
in  the  house  of  lords  against  the 
address,  and  its  being  carried  in 
the  house  of  commons  without  a 
division,  that  the  sense  of  tlic  country 
was  with  the  peace,  and  that,  re- 
gardless of  its  terms  or  its  conse- 
quences, it  met  with  the  entire 
approbation  of  the  public.  Ihat 
this  was  the  case  it  is  not  possible 
to  deny  :  a  series  of  years  of  most 
expensive  war,  of  unusual  pecu- 
niary contribution,  of  real  or  ap- 
prehended scarcity,  tlie  total  dis- 
comfiture of  our  continental  allies, 
and  tlie  apparent  impossibility  -o^ 
achieving  any  of  the  great  objects 
for  which  war  had  beci\  resorted  to 
originally,  had  in  their  united  eftect 
contributed  to  rendcjr  a  cessation  of 
hostilities  highly  popular.  It  was 
considered  that  those  who  made  the 
peace  were  among  the  most  violent 
and  steady  supporters  of  tlie  war 
system  -,  that  their  abilities  were 
guarantied  Xo  the  public  on  their 
coming  into  office  by  the  late 
minister;  and  that  Mr.  Pitt,  him- 
self a  host,  had  given  his  unqualified 
approbation  to  the  measure,  as  it 
now  appeared  before  the  public. 
It  could  not  be  conceived,  that 
D  4  men 


40         ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802. 

men  who  had  so  long    filled    up  'Some  symptoms    of  the  views    of 

the    inferior    departments    in    an  France    corresponding    with     our 

administration,    composed    of  the  own/* 

most  splendid   abilities   this  coun-  We  have  seen  tliat  on  this  occa* 

try  had   ever  seen,  with  decency,  sion  Mr.  Pitt  gave  his  warm   and 

and  even    credit,    would   sacrifice  decided  support  to  the  present  go* 

the  opinions  and    politics  of  their  vernment,  as  did  those  over  whom 

whole  lives  for  a  momentary  popu-  his    personal   influence    extended ; 

larity  j    or  for  the  continuance  of  but   the  ministry  received  at  this 

the  high  situations   they  had^    so  moment    assistance    from    another 

much  to  the  surprise  of  the  world  quarter,  which,  however  it  might 

(perhaps  to  their  own),  been  placed  Increase  the  number  of  its  supporj- 

in ;    and,  above  all,  that   whatever  ers,  certainly  could  not  have  added 

theirabilitiesmightbe,tliat  they  had  much  to  its  satisfaction   from  the 

sufficient   patriotism    and  political  mode  in  which  it  was  given.     Mr. 

science,  not  to  abandon  all  tlie  ad-  Fox,  asd  those  who  usually  acted 

vantages  we  had  gained,  witli   so  with  him,  in  approving  of  the  peace, 

much  blood  and  treasure,  to  France,  took  this  opix)rtunity  of  charging,  in 

witliout  securing  at  least  the  per-  the  bitterest  language,  those  who  had 

mancncy  of  a  peace  which  had  cost  carried  on  the   war  witli  culpable 

us  so  dear.      The  result  therefore  misconduct.     "  A  war>'*  kud  they, 

of  tliis  important  debate  was  highly  "  which  left  us  no  alternaBle  save 

acceptable  out.  of    doors.        The  that  of  utter  ruin,  or  a  peace  like 

character     of    the    first     consul,  the  present.*' Indeed  the  former  gen^ 

the  aggrandisement  of  France,  the  tleman  went  still  furtlier,  and  at  a 

.abandonment    of   our     allies,    the  public  meetiag,  said,  that  one  source 

surrender  ^  of  our    conquests,    the  of  his  pleasure  at  the  peace  was, 

abrogation  of   all  former   treaties,  "  because  it  was  glorious  to  the  ene- 

tlie  loose  and  ill  defined  terms  of  my!*'  Nor  could  administration  feel 

the  present,  were  of  trifling   con-  much  pleasure  in  hearing  from  Mr. 

sideration  when  contrasted  with  the  Sheridan,  anotiier  of  tlieir  pre^jcnt 

"  blessings  of  peace  :'*  nor  did  tlie  adherents,  tliat  *'  this  was  a  peace 

,  eloquence  and  arguments  of  tliose  which  all  mep  are  glad  of>  but  no 

in  both  houses  of  parliament,  who  man    can  be    proud   of."      Gene-r 

ventured  to  doubt  the  solidity  of  the  rally,  however,  peace  in  the  abstract 

principles  on  which  it  was  made,  was    approved    of    by  those  who 

or  the.  permanency  which  those  by  were  the  most  strenuous  opponents 

whom    it   was  supported,  asserted  of  Mr.  Pitt's  administration,  with- 

must  belong  to  it,  weigh  with  the  out  either  canvassing  its  terms,  or 

world  when^put  in  the  scale  with  lord  revolving  its  probable  consequences. 

Hawkesbury's  assertion,  viz.  **  That  But  powerfully  as  Mr.   Addington 

should  we  have  to  renew  our  contest  and  his   associates  were  supported 

with  France  in  the  course  of  eight  or  on  this  momentous    occasion,    an 

ten  years,  we  must  commence  it  witli  opposition  of  a  very  serious  natm*e, 

greater  advantages  than  we  did  the  both  to  them  and  to  their  measures, 

last   war  !"    and  ^yith  Mr.    Pitt's,  now  began  to   manifest   itself:  an 

who  said,  ''  We  had  every  prospect  opposition,    inconsiderable    indeed 

of  ^  long  peace  3    for  **  that|ie  saw  in  j)oint  of  number,  but  of  the  first 

.  iuagnitud§ 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


41 


magnitude  when  estimated  by  the 
political  experience,  brilliancy  of 
talent,  and  weight  of  rank  and 
character  of  those  who  com- 
posed it.  In  the  house  of  lords, 
where  ten  only  divided  against 
the  address*,  were  to  be  found  the 
names  of  the  marquis  of  Bucking- 
ham, carls  FitzwiUiam  and  Spen-^ 
cer,  and  lord  Grenville,  all  of 
whom  had  filled  the  highest  offices 
of  the  state  with  the  greatest  honour 
to  tliemselves,  and  advantage  to 
their  country  j  in  point  of  fortune 
and  inffuence  second  to  none. 
Nor  were  their  opinions^  however 
unpalatable  to  the  multitude,  lost 
lipon  the  thinking  part  of  the  com- 
munity. When  it  was  understood 
in  the  world  that  the  peace  was  con- 
sidered h^  such  men  as  tending  to 
the  huiiiiliation  and  even  degr^- 
tion  of  the  national  character  3  that 
the  terms  of  it  left  us  for  ever  de- 
pendant on  the  good  faith  of  France  5 
tiiat  we  had  surrendered  by  it  as 
much  conmierce  as  territory  to  our 
natural  enemy ;  and  that  **  as  the 
threat  of  invasion  terrified  us  into 
peace,  so  France  would  always  have 
it  in  her  hands  with  tenfold  more 


power,  as  it  would  come  from  so 
many  more  poin^j"  and  *'  that 
we  could  not  reckon  on  the  proba- 
bility of  peace  for  any  long  period  5** 
it  created  considerable  sensation, 
and  damped  in  no  small  degree  the 
rapturous  joy  evinced  by  all  ranks 
of  people  on  the  first  news  of  the 
cessation  of  hostilities.  In  the 
lower  house  of  parliament,  those 
sentiments  were  supported  with 
the  united  judgment,  talents,  and 
eloquence  of  Messrs.  Windham, 
Grenville,  lord  T«mple,  Mr  Elliot, 
Dr.  Lawrence,  &c.  who  now,  with 
those  of  the  lords  who  divided 
against  the  address,  began  to  be 
known  by  the  appellation  of  4he 
new  opposition. 

We  have  gone  into  considerable 
length,  both  into  the  debates  on 
this  important  subject,  and  into 
our  remarks  upon  them,  because 
we  conceive  that  no  subject  could 
be  more  interesting  to  our  contcna- 
poraries,  or  more  necessary  to  go 
down  to  posterity,  in  as  ample  and 
satisfactory  a  manner  as  the  limits 
and  nature  of  this  work  would 
admit. 


List  of  the  non-contants,  Nov.  30,  1801. 


Marquis  of  Buckingham, 
Harls  Pembroke, 
"Warwick, 

FitzwiUiam 
.Kadnor, 


Earls  Spencer, 

Caernarvon, 
Lords  Grenville, 
Gwydir, 
Bishop  of  Rochester. 


CHAP. 


§& 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802- 


C  H  A  p.     IV. 

Thanks  of  hoik  Houses  of  Parliament  to  Sir  John  H.  Hutchinson^  and  thf 
General  Officers  and  the  Army  acting  in  Egypt—  and  to  Lord  Keith, 
and  the  Admirals  under  him,  and  to  the  Navy, — Dttaieon  the  Russiam 
Convention, — Remarks^ 


SOME  days  after  this  dtscossion 
the  thanks  of  both  houses  of  par- 
liament were  voted  to  sir  John  Hdy 
Hutchinson,  and  the  general  officers 
who  commanded  the  anhy  in  Egypt, 
as  also  to  lord  Keith,  and  the  ad* 
intrals  commanding  the  fleet  em- 
ployed in  that  expedition.  Ilie 
Totes  of  thanks  passed  unaniinoasly 
in  both  houses  -,  but  several  distin^ 
^shed  memb«^,  in  each  hotise, 
took  the  opportunity  of  paying  the 
higliest  compliments  to  the  gal« 
lamjy  of  our  army  and  nary,  who 
bad  rendered  sudi  distinguished 
services  to  their  countr)'. 

The  next  public  business  of  im- 
portance Vhrch  engaged  the  atten- 
tion of  parliament  at  the  com- 
mencement of  this  session,  was 
the  consideration  of  the  terms  of 
the  convention  with  the  emperor 
oi  Russia,  signed  at  St.  Peters- 
burgh,  the  -^th  of  June  1801, 
which  terminated  the  northern  con- 
federacy, aimed  at  the  vital  in- 
terests, and  even  the  very  exist- 
ence of  the  British  empire,  by  a 
violent  though  insidious  effort  to 
extinguish  our  maritime  rights  and 
r^ulations,  and  to  dieprive.  us  of 
our  naval  dominion,  at  a  moment 
when  we  were  deemcid  incapable  of 
bearing  up  against  the  extraordi- 
nary and  ^exampled  difficulties  we 


were  then  contending  against  Bat, 
however  weU-grounded  the  hopes 
of  our  new  adversaries,  tbev  had 
foond  in  the  vigilance  and  vigour 
of  Mr.  Pitt  and  his  colleagues,  and 
m  the  poblic  spirit  and  magnani- 
mity of  the  British  nation,  the 
complete  frustration  and  orathrow 
of  their  hostile  attempts.  The  vio 
lt>ry  of  Copenhagen,  the  particulars 
of  which  we  have  detailed  in  our 
preceding  volume,  which,  though 
fought  under  the  auspices  of  a  new 
administration,  was  the  immediate 
fruit  of  the  prompt  and  decided 
measures  of  the  old,  taoghtour 
adversaries  that  in  the  defence  of 
our  legitimate  rights  we  were  in- 
vincible, at  the  same  time  that  our 
wisdom  and  moderation  in  the  mo- 
ment  of  victory  rendered  us  truly 
worthy  of  it..  The  convention  now 
to  be  considered  was  the  conse- 
quence of  this  proud  and  glorious 
day.  And  it  remained  to  be  de- 
cided, by  the  -  investigation  of  bot|i 
houses  of  parliament,  whether  we 
had  followed  up  the  briUiant  suc- 
cess of  our  fleet,  by  securing  on  a 
solid  and  equitable  basis  the  rights 
we  contended  for,  or  whether  in 
jiegotiation  we  had  bartered  those 
rights  for  specious  but  futile  ad- 
vantages. 

On  the  I3th  of  No^^ember  this 

^estion 


HISTORY     OFEUROPE.  43 

question  came  on  to  be  discussed,  the  just  rights  of  tke  country* 
and  when  tlie  order  of  the  day  for  [His  lordship  then  complimented 
the  consideration  of  it  in  the  house  lord  Nelson  who  sat  near  him.] 
of  lords  wa3  read.  Among  the  parts  of  tjie  tieaty,  par- 
The  earl  of  Darnley  rose  iq  move  tjcula^ly  to  be  attended i  to,  the 
an  address  which  would  amount  to  first  and  most  importnut  was,  the 
an  approbation  of  the  conduct  of  abandonment  of  that  fidse  and  dan- 
his  majesty's  present  ministers  :  he  gerous  proposition  that  "  free  ships 
could  not  withhold  his  approbation  made  free  goods."  This  was  effeo 
of  their  conduct  since  they  came  tually  done  away  by  the  third  ar- 
into  office,  especially  when  con-  tide  of  the  convention,  which  dis- 
trasted  with  that  of  their  prede-  criminated  what  was  to  be  reckoned 
cessors,  whose  servile  imitators  thej"  contraband  and  liable  to  seizure, 
had  proved  themselves  not  to  be.  The  second  point  of  importance 
as  he  had  expected.  The  conven-  was,  "  the  right  of  search  of  ships 
tion  on  the  table  was  a  striking  under  convoy,  with  the  exceptioa 
instance  of  that.  It  was  evident  of  privateers."  T?he  tliird  important 
from  that  document,  that  they  liad  point  regarded  what  was  called 
not  continued  to  bully  and  insult  *'  the  contraband  of  war."  The 
the  powers  of  Europe  j  but  tliat,  convention  in  this  respect  differed 
by  a  judicious  mixture  of  firmness  as  with  respect  to  Russia,  and  with 
and  moderation,  they  had  induced  respect  to  Sweden  and  Denmark, 
them  to  lay  aside  their  unjust  pre-  With  Russia,  this  contraland  cf 
tensions,  and  bad  filnally  settled,  war  extended  only  to  military  war- 
upon  an  equitable  and  permanent  like  stores ;  whereas  with  Denmark 
basis  the  maritime  law  of  nations,  and  Sweden  this  point  was  settled 
Upon  the  principles  of  the  law  of  according  to  ancient  treaties  sub- 
jiations  depended  the  greatness  and  sisting  between  the  counti'ies,  by 
prosperity  of  Great  Britain  as  a  which  treaties  were  also  ascertained 
maritime  power.  And  yet  this  law  what  should  be  termed  a  Mockaded 
of  nations,  although  clearly  ascer-  port:  this  is  now  settled  to  meaa 
tained  by  the  ablest  ministers  of  a  port  so  blocked  by  the  enemy's 
all  countries  in  Europe,  has  yet  been  ships,  as  that  it  cannot  be  entered 
frequently  violated  and  broken  in  with  safety.  The  principal  merjt 
upon  by  reason  of  the  political  in-  which  he  tliought  belonged  to  this 
terest  and  prejudices  of  the  different  treaty  was,  tliat  it  prepared  tlic 
countries.  It  was  not  surprising  Avay  for  the  peace  with  France, 
that  in  the  last  war  our  unparalleled  which,  although  he  was  aware  that 
successes  at  sea,  and  the  vast  ex-  this  was  not  a  time  for  its  dis- 
tension of  our  commerce,  should  cussion,  he  considered  as  absolutely 
awaken  the  jealousy  of  other  powers,  necessary  for  the  country.  He 
and  dispose  them  to  join  in  a  co-  concluded  by  moving  an  address, 
alition  contrary  to  our  interests.  '^  tlianking  his  majesty  for  his 
He  thanked  God,  however,  tliat  communication,  and  assuring  hun 
ministers  had  firmness  and  en-  of  the  cordial  concurrence  and  ap- 
ergy  enough  to  convince  them  that  probation  of  that  house,  as  the  most 
they  did  not  want  epirit  to  xiuintaia  efiectual   means    of   reestablishing 

friendship 


44 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    180-2. 


fitCiuiJiip  with  the  Noitlierii  Pow- 
tta,  ami  iu;iUuuining  the  mailtlme 
fi^  lit.  (if  ihirt  tounlry." 

I^jrcl  Catlicaitji  iu  Hcconding  the 
suUUi'tia,  Uiuk  H  geati'cd  view  of 
lit  rvfriij*  which  preceded  this 
4f)tiv(itiu>u  wUh  Russia.  He  con- 
i'ikiti\  Uui  vii  mo  i^iiigle  occasion 
<iul  Ukii  iouivtry  gain  sacli  an  ac- 
4c»^ittii  Ui  Us*  character,  as  by  the 
^|iaU  ami  decision  with  which  it 
lN^i4i0  Ihc!  combination  that  was 
kiiuung  against  it.  A  glorious  vic- 
HUf  o|^?oed  our  way  into  the  Baltic, 
tf  u)  the  moderation  as  well  as  firm- 
Wr^  of  our  government  had  secured, 
m  the  fruits  of  it>  the  maritime 
rtghts  of  the  country.  He  con- 
ttdered  the  conduct  of  his  majesty's 
mmiftters  throughout  the  whole  of 
this  arduous  transaction  as  worthy 
•f  tiK  highest  degree  of  praise. 

Lord  GrenviUc  said,  it  was  bn- 
pntmible  ibr  him  to  agree  in  that 
unaaimoos  approbation  reconi- 
mended  by  the  noble  lords  who 
had  just  spoken.  In  the  first  place, 
be  conceived  it  highly  premature 
to  give  their  approbation  to  a  treaty 
wmch  must  still  be  a  subject  of 
dSscossion  between  •  this  country 
jnd  the  Northern  Powers  (the  rati- 
ficatidi  of  all  those  powers  not 
being  ^ret  obtained) :  but  he  had 
another  and  mach  more  forcible  ob- 
jccti4)n  J  it  did  not  secure  for  this 
country  the  objects  for  which  the 
var  was  commenced,  and  which 
the  treaty  professed  to  have  ob- 
tained. The  consideration  of  this 
treaty  was  widely  different  from 
that  of  the  treaty  lately  concluded 
with  France.  The  latter  b^  ing  a 
treaty  of  peace  made  wiili  an 
enemy,  was  absolutely  binding  on 
the  national  faith,  and  parliament 
had  little  more  to  consider  than  the 
conduct  of  ministers  in  making  it. 


This,  however,  being  a  com'en- 
tion  with  a  state  in  ainitv,  if  there 
was  any  tiling  detective  in  the 
treaty  it  might  be  a  subject  of  fu- 
ture explanation  and  amicable  ar- 
rangement; he  therefore  felt  par- 
tictflarly  desirous  of  pointing  out 
the  consequences  which  would  re- 
sult fi-om  the  treaty  in  its  present 
shape,  and  anxious  tliat  his  ma-  ' 
jesty's  ministers  would  settle,  by 
future  arrangement,  what  was  de- 
fective in  the  present.  As  the 
question  of  neutral  rights  had  been 
agitated,  he  wished  it  might  be  for 
ever  put  to  rest,  and  that  the  treaty 
should  constitute  a  code  of  laws, 
which  might  be  appealed  to  on 
any  future  occasion.  In  order  to 
judge  whether  tlie  present  treaty 
had  succeeded  in  obtaining  the 
objects  of  the  contest  with  the 
Northern  Powers,  he  should  state 
what  those  objects  were,  which  he 
thought  might  be  reduced  to  five 
distinct  points. 

The  first  point  which  was  assert- 
ed on  tlie  part  of  this  country  was, 
that  neutral  nations  should  not  be 
permitted  in  war  time,  either  to 
carry  coastways,  firom  one  port  of 
an  enemy's  country  to  another,  the 
commodities  of  that  country;  nor 
convey  home  to  an  enemy's  country 
the  produce  of  its  colonies ;  and  that 
such  properly,  although  in  a  neutral 
bottom,  was  seizable  under  the  ma- 
ritime law  of  nations.  Were  neu- 
trals allowed  to  exercise  such  pri- 
vileges with  respect  to  belligerent 
powers,  tlie  enemy  could  carry  on 
ever)'  species  of  commerce  without 
the  lea.^t  interruption  or  annoyance 
from  this  country  in  war  tirae. 

3he  second  point  was,  tliat  free 
ships  did  not  make  free  goods :  if 
the  contrary  principle,  which  the 
Northern    Powers    contended    for, 

was 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


4<a 


was  once  adtfiitted,  France  could 
in  war  time  de'rhx  supplies  of  e\'ery 
thing  necessary  for  her  support  in 
war^  in  defiance  of  all  our  efforts 
to  prevent  them. 

The  third  principle  related  to  the 
contraband  of  war,  by  which  neu- 
tral nations  were!  not  to  be  allowed  to 
supply  an  enemy  with  those  neces- 
sraries  of  war,  which  it  might  be  in 
want  of  either  for  offence  or  de- 
^nce,  and  among  tliose  articles 
naval  stores  are  the  most  important. 

The  fourth  point  related  to  con- 
voy, and  under  this  it  was  asserted 
that  neutral  vessels,  even  sailing  un- 
der convoy,  should  not  be  exempted 
from  tlie  liability  of  search. 

The  fifth  point  related  to  block- 
aded ports.  The  principle  which 
we  contended  for  under  diis  point 
was,  that  no  vessel  should  be  suf- 
fered  to  enter  a  port  blockaded  by 
a  cruising  squadron,  inasmuch  as 
by  throwing  in  supplies  they  might 
enable  the  port  to  hold  out  longer 
against  us,  and  tliat  any  vessel  at- 
tempting to  enter,  and  bound  to 
such  blockaded  port,  was  liable  to 
seizure.  The  neutral  powers,  on 
the  other  hand,  wished  to  restrict 
the  signification  of  a  blockaded  port, 
to  'that  before  which  a  blockading 
squadron  was  so  placed,  as  to  render 
it  apparently  unsafe  for  a  vessel  to 
enter. 

Having  recapitulated  those,  as  the 
grounds  of  the  original  contest  be- 
tu'een  Great  Britain  and  t};ie  Northern 
Powers^  his  lordship  proceeded  to 
consider  how  far  the  terras  in  the 
present  treaty  went  towards  obtair-ing 
them.  In  the  first  place  he  observ- 
ed, that  the  eKpre3sions  used  in 
this  treaty  were  ambiguous,  and 
drawn  from  a  document  most  hos- 
tile to  us,  namely,  the  convention 
<tf  th«  armed   fieutraUty,    One  of 


the  first   ardcies  would,  from  its 
wording,  secure  the  free  convcymos 
of  the  colonial  produce  of  the  ene- 
my, on  the  ground  of  its  beiog  tbc 
acquired  property  of  neutrals.     Al- 
though  tnis  appeared  to  be  ooif 
conceded  to  Russia,  yet  Swcdea  and 
Denmark  would  deri^^e  the  sairae 
power  if  that  was  made  tlie  basis  ^ 
a  general  treaty,  and  in  thdr  hands 
this  privilege  would  be  esseaitlaQj 
injurious  to  the  country.     Ancdaer 
advantage  which  this  c^tuse  :gave  to 
neutrals  was,    that  it  gave   thcni 
privileges   in  war  which  tfeey  iudL 
not  in  peace,  namely,  that  of  traias- 
porting  the  produce  of  the  edlamcs 
to  the  mother  country :  this  was  a 
privilege  which  the  navigation  itr»% 
of  every  state  which  had  cdloiues 
reserved    to  the    mother   oountoy. 
As  to  the  second  point,  the  renuaa- 
ciation   of   the    claim    that  ^'  ifoec 
bottoms    made   fVec    goods,""    tdsnm 
certainly  had  been  obtained,  whkllii 
was   only  a    confirmation   of    the 
existing  law  of  nations.    The  thlrJ 
point,  that  of  contraband^of  war :  i>c 
was  sorry  to  see  that  this  part  6f  flic 
treaty  went  on  the  ground  of  tte 
treaty  with  Russia  in  1797-    WMi 
Russia,  a  power  tliat  had  no  mercaj^ 
tile  navigation,  it  was  an  object  ccf 
no  moment ;  but  to  grant  the  sanae 
indulgence  to   other  powers  woy^i 
be  most  dangerous.     It  was  a^. 
most  strange  in  the  enumeration  df 
warlike  stores  to  leave  out  those  ar- 
ticles which  Russia,  might  be  ex- 
pected   to    supply,   namely,  pilch, 
tar,  hemp,  cordage,  sail  cloth,  fihip 
timber,  and  even  ships  themseives. 
The  fourth  point  respecting  block- 
aded  ports    had    been   in  a  great 
meaiiure  abandoned  by  tliis  treaty. 
Formerly  a  port  was  considered  to 
be  blockaded,  when  it  was  declarod' 
tg  be  so,  in  cbnscquenceof  a  squa- 
dron 


46 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1S02. 


Aon  crzhlng  before  it  for  that 
purpose,  creD  although  that  sqna- 
dron  shoald  be  driren  o^  for  a 
while  by  a  gale  of  wind  or  any 
other  cause.  By  the  present  treaty 
a  port  is  doc  considered  blockaded 
unless  there  is  a  stationaiy  force 
before  it.  The  next  article  as  to 
the  n2:ht  of  search  he  ccn^idered 
equally  iDJnrions  to  us.  By  this 
article  ships  were  not  to  be  stopped 
but  upon  just  causes  and  evident 
facts.  We  had  always  before  exer- 
cised the  right  of  search  upon 
good  cause  of  suspicion  and  not 
npon  the  evidence  of  facts.  It  is 
often  impossible  to  get  facts  in  the 
first  instaiicej  they  usually  come 
cot  in  the  search.  Notwithstandinor 
the  many  complaints  which  had 
been  made  against  this  right  of 
search^  he  usually  ^  found,  when 
those  complaints  came  to  be  ex- 
amined, that  they  were  ill  founded. 
He  had  no  objection,  however,  to 
deprivinj^  privateers  of  this  right 
of  search,  but  witli  ships  of  war 
the  right  ought  to  be  main- 
tained in  its  full  extent.  The 
causes  for  detension  and  seizure 
seldom  appeared  till  the  search 
was  made>  they  were  not  to  be 
perceived  at  a  distance  by  a  tele- 
scope. He  would  suppose,  in  war 
time,  a  Danish  frigate  was  going 
with  a  convoy  into  the  port  of 
Brest :  the  papers  on  board  the 
frigate  convoying  them  might  be 
perfectly  regular,  and  yet  the  ships 
full  of  naval  stores.  His  lordship 
concluded,  by  saying  that  he  found, 
in  every  part  of  the  treaty,  so  much 
ambiguity  and  concession,  so  much 
variance  from  the  established  prac- 
tice, that  he  felt  himseli  obliged  to 
deliver  his  opinion,  in  hopes,  even 
yet,  before  it  came  to  be  the  defi- 
Ditive  law  for  the  government  of 


our  navigation  and  marine,  that  it 
mi^t  be  modified  and  rendered 
more  consonant  with  our  ancient 
claims,  our  invariable  practice,  our 
national  dignity,  and  our  maritime 
power. 

The  Lord  Chancellor  defended  this 
treatv,  to  the  conclusion  of  wiiich 
he  observed  that  he  had  been  a 
party,  and  consenting  to  its  adoption. 
He  contended  that  this  settlement 
had  been  obt^ned  on  a  great  and 
liberal  basis,  which  showed  to  the 
world  that  Great  Britain  was  not  in- 
tolerant in  her  power,  and  that  she 
did  not  wish  to  stand  upon  trivial 
nice  distinctions.  The  nation  had 
points,  or  gained  the  great  objects  for 
which  it  contended,  namely,  that 
free  bottoms  did  not  make  firee 
goods;  that  ships  of  war  had  the  right 
of  search  ;  that  the  blockade  of  ports 
should  be  recognised  as  legitimate ; 
that  tliC  exercise  of  those  rights 
sliould  be  regulated  by  clear,  in- 
telligible and  liberal  rules  j  and  what 
was  of  more  consequence  than  all, 
that  any  casual  violation  of  those 
rules  should  not  be  a  ground  of 
quarrel,  but  should  be  determined 
by  the  tribunals  of  the  countr)'. 
Those  were,  as  \\e  conceived,  the 
heads  of  the  treaty,  and  as  to  the 
wording  of  the  clauses  in  their  con- 
stniclion,  he  held  an  opinion  very 
different  from  that  of  the  noble 
lord  who  spoke  before  him.  He 
considered  that  the  words  were 
sufficiently  explicit  to  prevent  neu- 
trals from  carr}'ing  on  either  the 
coasting  trade  of  an  enemy^s  coun- 
try, or  their  colonial  trade.  France 
had  at  one  time,  in  the  course  of 
the  war,  broached  the  monstrous 
doctrine,  that  they  had  a  right  to 
seize  and  confiscate  the  property  of 
neutrals,  if  of  British  produce. 
This    treaty    went  on  a^  different 

principle. 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


47 


principle,  and  declared  ''  that  this 
country  would  not  consider  as  ene- 
my's property  such  goods  as,  hav- 
ing,  formerly  belonged  to  the  ene- 
my, had  since  become  the  property 
of  neuters."  Although  we  there- 
fore permitted  neutrals  to  acquire 
the  colonial  productions  of  our  ene- 
mies, yet  we  did  not  allow  them 
to  carry  on  the  colonial  tnide. 
Almost  any  other  treaty  which 
had  ever  been  made  would  be 
found  liable  to  as  serious  objec- 
tions, if  examined  with  the  same 
critical  acumen.  The  intention  of 
the  parties,  however,  formed  the 
trae  interpretation  of  every  treaty. 
This  was  a  treaty  concluded  with 
Russia  separately^  and  it  was  not 
to  be  supposed  tliat  all  other  neutral 
nations  were  to  come  under  this 
arrangement.  Sweden,  Denmark, 
Holland,  and  America,  were  no  par- 
ties to  it,  and  could  not  insist  on 
any  of  tlie  stipulations  of  it.  His 
lordship,  upon  tlie  whole,  conceived 
it  as  unobjectionable  as  any  treaty 
which  had  ever  been  concluded  by 
this  country. 

Lord  Grenville  explained.  He 
did  not  mean  that  the  article  with 
respect  to  the  "  contraband  of  war,'* 
which  was  introduced  in  this  treaty 
with  Russia,  would  be  extended  to 
the  treaties  to  be  made  with  Swe- 
den and  Denmark  ;  but  lie  meant, 
that  in  this  treaty  it  should  be  put 
out  of  all  doubt  tliat  England  gene- 
nerally  considers  naval  stores  as 
"  contraband  of  war."  Holland 
and  America  might  again  suppose, 
from  the  wording  of  this  treaty, 
that  by  the  law  of  nations,  on 
which  they  stood,  naval  stores  were 
not  contraband. 

The   Lord  Chancellor  again  re- 
peated that  this  article  in  a  separate- 
treaty  whh   Russia  could    not    be 


construed  or   conceived  to  extend 
to  any  other  nation  on  eaith. 

Lord  Holland  voted  for  the  arf- 
dress,  but  not  on  any  of  the  grounds 
assigned  by  the  noble  mover  or 
seconder.  He  thought  many  con- 
cessions had  been  made  in  this 
treaty  j  concessions,  which  so  lar 
from  objecting  to,  he  highly  ap- 
proved of ;  and  should  vote  for  tlic 
address,  because  he  thought  those 
concessions  likely  to  tend  to  the 
preservation  of  peace,  by  showing 
that  his  majesty's  ministers  were 
willing  to  grant  every  accommo- 
dation that  was  reasonable  to  foreign 
powers.  His  lordship,  after  rea- 
soning for  some  time  on  the  former 
treaties  subsisting  between  this 
country  and  the  Northern  Powers, 
as  also  upon  the  five  heads  enume- 
rated by  lord  Grenville,  agreed 
with  !hat  noble  lord,  tiiat  there 
still  remained  in  the  treaty  much 
room  for  explanation  and  amend- 
ment. He  could  have  wished 
that  those  explanations  which  the  • 
learned  lord  (tlie  chancellor),  had 
confessed  to  be  necessary,  had  been 
obtained  before  the  house  was 
called  on  for  the  present  vote,  but  he 
should,  however,  support  tlie  ad- 
dress. 

Lord  Grenville  again  rose  to  ex- 
plain, in  consequence  of  some  ex-- 
pressibns  of  censure  used  by  the 
noble  lord  against  his  majesty's 
late  ministers,  for  advising  a  war 
on  mere  speculative  points.  Those 
points  which  he  had  named  were 
by  no  means  speculative  points,  but 
rights  of  the  utmost  importance, 
and  principles  upon  which  the 
existence  of  this  country  as  a  ma- 
ritime power  depended. 

Lord  Mulgrave  supported  the  ad- 
dress, but  differed  from  niost  of 
the    noble  lords    why  had  spoken 

in 


48         ANNUAL   REGISTER,   180^. 

in  several   points :    he  could  not  she  ships  to  conre^r  them.    The 

ag^ee  with  the  noble  and  learned  qase  would  be  widely  different,  if 

lord  (the  chancellor) .  in  his  exulta-  we  were  to  allow  some  other  man* 

tion  at  this  treaty >  as  one  of  the  time  states  the  privilege  of  convey- 

most  advantageous  this  country  had  ing  ship-timber,  guns,  powder,  and 

ever  made ;   nor  could   he  agree  shot,  into  our  enemy's  ports  in  time 

with  another  noble  lord  (Holland),  of  war.    His  lordship  appro\'ed  of 

who  had  treated  lightly  the  five  dif-  the  article  restricting  the  riglit  of 

£:rent  heads  enumerate   by  lord  search  of  ships  under  convoy  of  a 

Grenville,  as  the  principles  which  neutral  flag  ship,  to  our  ships  of 

caused  the  contest  vdth  northern  war  only.    He  should  himself,  in 

powers :  he  thought  those  principles  many  cases,  conceive  it  his  duty  to 

were  rights  of  the  utmost  import-  make   Such   search,   although    bo 

snce  to  this  country  as  a  maritime  should  do  it  with  the  utmost  respect 

x>ation ;   he   considered  that'  these  and  civility  to  the  commander  of 

rights  were  not  secured   by   this  the  neutral  firigate.    His  lordship 

treaty  as  fldly  as  might  have  beeA  concluded    by  declaring,    that  he 

wished,   but  yet  that  a  great  deal  should  vote  for  the  addr^s. 

had  been   obtained,    and  a  great  The  question  was  then  put,  an4 

many  claims  hostile  t6  this  country  agreed  to  without  a  division, 

had  been  now  abandoned  by  the  In  the  house  of  commons,  on  the 

northern  powers.    Under  this  im-  same  day,  lord  Hawkesbury  moved 

pression  he  voted  for  the  address.  the  order  of  the  day  for  the  conven* 

Lord  Nelson  highly  approved  of  tion  with  Russia, 
the  convention  which  had  been  Lord  Temple  asked  whether  mi- 
concluded.  It  put  an  end  to  that  '  nisters  had  received  ofllcial  informa- 
principle  which  was  endeavoured  to  tion  of  the  accession  of  Sweden  to 
be  enforced  by  the  armed  neutrality  the  convention  ? 
in  1780,  that  **  free  ships  make  Lord  Hawkesbuiy  replied^  that 
free  goods  j"  a  proposition  so  inju-  they  were  positively  assured  of  the 
rious  to  the  rights  and  maritime  in-  readiness  of  Sweden  to  accede,  but 
terests  of  this  country,  that  if  it  that  the  foraoal  act  of  accession  had 
had  been  persisted  in,  he  thought  not  as  yet  arrived, 
tlie  country  jshould  wage  war  to  the  Lord  Francis  Osbum  moved  the 
last  drop  of  British  blo^  rather  than  address.  [His  lordship  spoke  in  so 
be  submitted  to.  That  proposition  low  a  tone  of  voice,  that  his  argu- 
wns  now  set  at  rest,  and  abandoned  ments  could  not  be  distinctly  heard], 
by  Russia.  It  was  to  obtain  this  The  honourable  Mr.  R.  Ryder 
that  the  rashness  and  violence  of  the  seconded  the  motion  ;  he  began  by 
emperor  Paul  set  forward  the  con-  recalling  to  the  recollection  of  the 
federacy)  but  the  good  sense,  mo-  house,  the  pledge  which  they  had 
deration,  and  temper  of  the  present  formerly  given  to  his  majesty  to  ma- 
emperor  abandoned  it.  As  to  our  intain  the  naval  rights  of  the  country 
not  classing  naval  stores  as  contra-  and  the  long-established  maritime 
band  of  wair,  in  our  separate  treaty  law  of  Europe.  He  hoped  that,  by 
with  Russia,  he  saw  no  danger  in  the  terms  of  the  treaty  now  od 
the  omission:  Russia  neither  sup-  the  table,  those  rights  must  appear 
plied  those  naval  stores^  nor  had  fully  supported  and  maintained, 
3  and 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE.  4^ 

and  that  the  dangerous  pretensions  men t  had  done  in  1780.  Having 
advanced  by  the  Northern  Powers  paid  some  compliments  to  the  spirit 
had  been  abandoned.  This  treaty  and  decision  of  our  ministers^  and 
was  not  to  be  viewed  as  a  full  and  to  the  gallantry  of  our  navy  'm  the 
extended  system  of  maritime  law,  Baltic,  he  concluded  by  giving  his 
but  as  a  final  decision  of  certain  hearty  assent  to  the  address, 
points  of  controversy  which  had  Mr.  Grey  said>  .that  he  so  much 
been  the  most  disputed,  and  there-  rejoiced  at  the  termination  of  the 
fore  were  selected  for  discussion,  dispute  witli  the  Northern  Powers, 
The  principle  which  had  been  set  that  he  felt  but  litde  disposed  to 
up  by  the  Northern  Powers,  that  enter  minutely  into  a  consideration 
'*  free  bottoms  made  free  goods,**  of  the  terms,  and  he  should  not 
they  had  been  obliged"  most  unequi-  have  risen,  if  the  honourable  gen- 
vocally  to  abandon.  If  this  had  tleman  who  spo^e  last  had  not  so 
been  admitted,  the  trade  of  the  pointedly  alluded  to  the  opinion  he 
enejjiy  could  be  carried  on  exactly  had  formerly  delivered  on  that  sub- 
as  well  in  time  of  war  as  in  peace,  ject.  However  that  gentleman  might 
and  our  enemies  would  be  safe  from  think  himself  justified  in  congra- 
all  annoyance  on  om*  part.  Al-  tulating  the  house  and  the  country, 
though  in  the  article  respecting  ©n  his  (Mr.  G.'s)  advice  not  being 
"  the  contraband  of  war,"  naval  attended  to,  he  by  no  means  re- 
stores are  not  particularly  mention-  pented  of  the  advice  he  had  given, 
cd,  yet,  as  former  treaties  are  hefeby  which,  in  all  the  circumstances  of 
recognized,  this  matter  stood  ex-  the  country,he  thought  was  the  most 
actly  on  the  ancient  footing.  The  prudent  to  have  been  followed  j  ho 
right  of  search  for  contraband  goods  rejoiced  most  sincerely  at  the  termi- 
was  also  admitted,  and  cei'tain  rules  nation  of  the  dispute,  as  ultimately^^ 
laid  down  for  the  regulation  cf  it.  connected  with  the  war  with  France, 
By  this  convention  too,  tlie  precise  and  he  had  no  difiiculty  in  affirm** 
definition  of  what  shall  be  "  a  ing,  that  till  that  dispute  was  set- 
blockaded  port,"  is  laid  down  on  tied,  peace  with  France  was  unat- 
rational  principles.  A  port  is  to  be  tainable  5  he  therefore  viewed  the 
deemed  blockaded  when  there  is  a  convention  as  a  judicious  corn- 
stationary  fleet  so  placed  before  it,  promise,  but  could  not  possibly  allow 
as  thiit  it  is  evidently  unsafe  f6r  a  that  it  had  satisfactorily  settled  all 
vessel  to  enter  :  in  such  case  every  points  in  dispute.  He  considered 
neutral  having  fair  notice  of  the  the  address  premature,  inasmuch  as 
blockade,  Avill  be  liable  to  seizure  if  no  official  information  of  the  acces- 
they  attempt  to  enter.  He  hoped  sion  of  Denmark  and  Sweden  had 
that  this  treaty  would  put  an  end  to  been  receixed ;  besides,  he  could  not- 
future  contentions  on  tliis  subject,  see  upon  what  ground  we  could  say. 
He  congratulated  tlie  house  and  tlie  that  there  was  no  room  for  future 
country  for  having  .so  decidedly  re-  disputes  with  Sweden  and  Denmark 
fiiscd  to  listen  to  the  counsels  of  about  tlie  question^  whether  naval 
those  who  either  expressed  doubts  stores  were  or  were  not  contraband 
of  the  justice  of  our  claims,  or  of  war,  when  in  this  convention 
wished  us  to  wave  the  assertion  of  with  Russia,  to  which  they  were 
oar  rights,  9^  aet  as  the  govern-  invited  to  accede,  naval  stores  were 
VoL.XLIV.  E  ^  ^ot 


5(>  ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1802. 

not   mentioned  among   tlie   things  ever,  our  claims  bad  been  receded 

which  were  to  be  considered  as  con-  from.     He   so  much   disliked   the 

traband.      Denmark    and    Sweden  system  of  privateering,  that  he  ap- 

might  well  conceive  tliemsdves  to  proved  of  taking  from  privateers  the 

be  bound    not   by    tlie   antecedent  right   of  searching   neutrals  under 

treaties,  which  were  now  confirm-  convoy  3  but  he  could  by  no  means 

ed,  but  by  this  convention,  which  approve  of  the  method  pointed  out 

professed-  to   settle  all  controverted  for  ships  of  war  to  exercise   that 

points.  As  to  what  had  been  gained  right.    If  the  papers  were  found  not 

respecting   the    signification    of  a  to  be  regular,  it  was  said  the  captain 

blockaded  port,   we   had   certainly  might  search ;  but  how,  easy  would 

^iv  en  up  our  former  definition,  even  it  be  for  a  neutral  to  carry  a  set  of 

if  we  had  not  accepted  tlie  definhion  false  papers?  He  thought,  in  that 

of  the  neutral  powers :  by  our  for-  point   respecting    tlie   blockade    of 

merdefinitionof  blockade,  the  whole  ports,  we  had  receded  a  great  way 

coast  of  Holland  was  said  to  be  in  a  from  the  rights  we  claimed,  where 

state  of  blockade  when  the  blockad-  we  admit  that  if  the  squadron  des- 

hig    squadron  were    in   Yarmouth  tlned  to  blockade   Brest  should  be 

roads.     As   to   the  right  of  search,  blown  off  by  stormy  \veatlier,  that 

he  considered  it  hadbeen  limited  in  Brest  should  on  that  account  cease 

SL  very  proper  way  3  and  the  regula-  to  be  considered  a  blockaded  port, 

tion  'about  privateers  met  his  most  His    joy   at  finding    the   northern 

cordial  approbation.  Upon  the  whole,  powers  had  abandoned  the  principle 

lie  rejoiced   that  tlie  business  was  that    "  free    bottoms     make    free 

terminated,  but  saw  no  reason   to  goods,'*  was  much  abated  by  finding 

repent  of  his  former  opinions  on  the  in  the  treaty  another  clause  which 

subject.     He  concluded  by  support-  would  make    this  of   little    avail, 

ing  the  address.  Neutrals  were  allowed  to  purchase 

Lord  Temple  highly  disapproved  the  goods  of  tlie  enemy  and  carry 

tiie  treaty  :  he  considered  that  all  them  unmolested  where  they  pleas- 

the  grounds  on  which  the  house  had  ed  :  he  could  not  conceive  how  it 

pledged  itself  to  his  majesty  in  the  was  possible  to  prevent  fraud  in  this 

last  sessions,    had  been  wholly  or  species  of  traffic.     When  a  cargo  of 

partially  given   up.      His   lordship  French  wines,  or  French    colonial 

divided  into  five  heads,  the  points  property,  was  met  at  sea,  how  could 

of  dispute  between  this  country  and  it  be  certainly  known  whether  the 

the  Northern  Powers  :   1st,  The  co-  property  was  or  was  not  purchased 

lonial  and  coasting  trader  2d,  the  by  neutrals  ?  With  regard  to  con  ti'a- 

right  to  search  ships  under  convoy  ;  band,  the  treaty  conceded  a  point  of 

3d,  tlie  right  of  blockade  j  4tli,  free  the    greatest   importance,    namely, 

ships  making  free  goods  5  5th,  the  that  contraband  of  war  does  not  in- 

articles  to  be  considered  contraband  elude  naval  stores.     This  had  been 

of  war.     From  our  claims  with  re-  be  fore,  in  former  treaties,  conceded, 

^ard  to  all  these,  it  had  been  declar-  for   a  limited   term  of  years,    to 

fx\  imi)ossible  to  recede  consistently  powers  who  could  make  no  great 

with  the  honour,  the  interests,  and  use  of  the  privilege  j  but  now  ijtap- 

ttven  the  very  existence  of  the  coun-  pearcd  tliat  tliis  concession  was  to  be 

wy:  in  every  one  particular,  how-  ingrafted  into  a  general  system  of 

:<  maritime 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE,      r    51 


Jixarltime  law,  which  this  treaty  ap- 
peared intended  to  fix.  Those  con- 
cessions appeared  to  him  of  so  much 
importance,  that  necessity  alone 
oould  justify  ministers  for  making 
them.  They  had  struck  that  flag, 
which  an  honourable  gentleman 
(Mr.  Sheridan)  had  eloquently  and 
truly  declared  ought  never  to  disap- 
pear till  the  nation  itself  was  over- 
whelmed. 

Lord  Hawkesbury  began  his  de- 
fence of  the  treaty  by  stating,  that 
he  should  not  trouble  the  house  at 
much  length,  but  he  found  it  neces- 
sary to  mention  the  grounds  upon 
which  he  differed  from  the  honour- 
able gentleman  (Mr.  Grey)  and  thje 
noble  lord  (lord  Temple).  The 
honourable  gentleman  had  conceived 
it  irregular  to  move  for  such  an  ad- 
dress, until  the  official  accession  of 
Sweden  and  Denmark  had  been  re- 
ceived ;  but  although  the  house  had 
been  assured  by  his  majesty  of  the 
acquiescence  of  those  powers,  yet  it 
must  be  recollected,  they  were  only 
now  considering  the  convention 
with  Russia  as  a  separate  treaty. 
He  could  not  allow  that  this  con- 
vention was  a  compromise,  as  the 
honourable  member  had  called  it, 
nor  that  we  had  given  up  all  the  ob- 
jects for  which  we  contended,  as 
the  noble  lord  supposed.  We  had 
maintained,  in  full  force,  all  our 
maritime  rights,  as  far  as  it  ought  to 
have  been  our  desire.  Some  asked, 
What  did  the  treaty  give  us  wJiich 
we  had  not  before  ?  He  answered, 
that  it  was  not  to  obtain  any  new 
advantages,  but  to  support  and  pre- 
serve our  incontestable  and  ancient 
rights  that  the  dispute  arose.  The 
real  state  of  the  question  he  con- 
ceived to  be  this  ;  the  powers  of  the 
North  had  confederated  to  dictate  a 
new  code  of ^naarhime  .law  to  Eu- 


rope. We  went  to  war  to  dissolve 
this  confederacy,  and  to  defeat  its 
purposes.  Were  not  tliose  objects 
obtained  ?  Had  not  tlie  coali- 
tion been  dissolved,  and  had  not 
we,  maintained  our  ancient  rights  ? 
Those  were  the  only  questions  which 
he  thought  the  attention  of  the ' 
house  should  be  then  directed  to.  h\ 
ascertaining  properly  the  value  of  ' 
tliese  rights,  it  might  be  necessary 
to  recollect  that  it  was  to  her  mari- 
time greatness  tliis  country  was  in- 
debted for  the  successful  issue  of 
the  last  war.,  and  it  was  to  the  same 
cause  that  Europe  was  indebted  for 
whatever  it  still  retained  of  inde- 
pendence. This  m-aritime  greatness 
was  itself  in  a  great  measure  the  ef- 
fect of  that  wise  policy  which  dic- 
tated our  navigation  laws,  and  which 
always  protected  our  maritime  rights. 
The  principle  upon  which  Great 
Britain  had  always  gone,  was  to  ex- 
tend her  navigation  as  much  as  pos- 
sible, and  confine  her  commerce  to 
her  own  shipping.  In  France  th^ 
system  was  different  j  their  naviga- 
gation  being  far  inferior  to  their 
commerce,  they  were  content  to 
allow  their  commerce  to  be  tiaiis- 
acted  by  neutrals,  tliat  in  time  of 
war  all  their  sailors  might  be  em- 
ployed in  their  navy.  I'he  principle 
therefore  for  which  we  had  con- 
tended, was  of  the  utmost  import- 
ance to  us,  for  our  individual  inte- 
rests. At  the  same  time  it  must  be 
allowed,  that  we  should  make  the 
exercise  of  our  rights  as  little  vexa- 
tious as  possible.  Tliis  was  tlie  ob- 
ject of  tlie  parties  to  the  treaty 
which  had  been  signed.  He  denied 
that  this  treaty  was  at  all  to  be  con- 
sidered as  a  new  code  of  maritime 
law.  It  was  merely  a  settlement  of 
disputes  between  this  country  and 
three  of  the  Nortliefn^Powers.  He 
E  2  "  divided 


52        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

divided  into  the    following  heads  particular  treaties,  and  not  by  the 
tlie  points  in  dispute :  Ist,  the  right    law  of  nations.  Although  he  trusted 

of  seizing  enemy's  property  in  neu-  that  the  house  would  generally  give 

tral  ships  ;  2d,  the  affair  of  contra-  credit  to  his  majesty's  ministers  for 
band  j  3d,  the  right  of  searching    doing  all  in  tlieir  power  to  promote 

vessels    under    convoy  5    4th,    the  the  interests  of  the  country  j  yet  ifi 

right  of  blockade  5  5th,  die  colonial  the  present  case,  he  would  say,  if 
and  coasting  trade.     Of  these  he    more  was  not  gained,   it  was  be- 

Considered,  that  we  had  gained  all  ^  cause  more  was  not  asked  or  wished 

that  "N^s  essential.     As  to  the  1st  for.     When  the  Northern  Powers 

point,    the  Northern  Powers    ex-  threatened  to  support  their  claims 

pressly  abandoned  the  principle  that  by  force,  this  country,  with  proper 

"  free  bottoms  made  free  goods."  magnanimity,    resisted    them  -,   but 

As  to  the  2d,  no  new  general  re-  as  soon  as  there  appeared  on  their 

gulation  was  made  on  the  subject,  side  a  wish  for  settling  the  dispute 

and  the  concession  to  Russia  alone  amicably,   tlie  government  of  this 

to  be  allowed  to  carry  naval  stores,  country  had  displayed  equal  modera- 

was  an  object  of  trifling-  importance  tion  in  requiring  nothing  but  what 

indeed.     The  right  of  search,  with-  was  reasonable  and  necessary  for  tlie 

out  which   the  other  rights  were  essential  interests  of  the  country, 

nugatory,     was    also    maintained.  As  to  the  wording  of  this  treaty, 

though  under  some  restrictions,  and  there  might,  as  in  eveiy  odier,  be 

he  would  freely  confess  that  this  some  litde  ambiguity  5    but  what 

concession  had  been  voluntarily  df-  treaty  was  ever  made  which  could 

fered  by  the  British  government,  on  not   be  found  fault  with   by    the 

condition  that  the  Northern  Powers  discontented    and    the     querulous, 

would  recede    from    other    claims  His  lordship  concluded  by  a  pane- 

which  were  altogether  inadmissible,  gyric  on  the  conduct  of  this  coun- 

In   the  exercise    of   this  right  of  try,  in  the  dispute  and  its  termina- 

search,  neither  the  law  of  nations,  tion. 

nor  our  most  ancient  treaties  with  Dr.  Lawrence  did  not  conceive 

Sweden  and  Denmark,  ever  war*-  the  noble  lord  justifiable  in  the  very 

ranted    it,    except    under    strong  triumphant  manner   in  which  he 

grounds  of  suspicion,  and  the  cap-  considered  diis  question.     He  did 

tain  always  exercised  it  at  his  own  not  see  that  this  country  had  ob- 

risk.     As  to  the  point  respecting  tained  any  impoit^nt  advantages  by 

blockade,  he  maintained,  that  the  the  treaty,  but  It  was  evident  that 

present'  definition  of  it  went  as  far  it  had  made  concessions,  and^  re^ 

as  any  approved  writer  on  the  law  ceded  from  its  ancient  claims :  the 

of  nations  had  ever    extended    it.  right  (^search,  for  instatice,  which 

The  opinions  which  had  been  op-  Was  restricted  by  the  present  treaty, 

j30sed  to  each  other  on  this  point  had  not  been  even  called  in  question 

were  both  in  the  extreme:    this  at  the  time  of  the  armed  neutrality 

treaty  he  conceived     held    a  due  in  178O;    We  had  also  conceded  & 

'medium  between  them.     As  to  the  good  deal  in  accepting  the  new  de-s 

last  head,  that  of  the  colonial  and  Snition  of  a  blockaded  port,   and^ 

coasting  trade :  this  subject  he  con-  instead  of  weakening  the  power  of 

ceived  had  always  been  regulated  by  ItuMiaj  we  bad  strengthened  it  con-. 

sidetably^ 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


3S 


siderably,  by  allowing  her  to  treat 
for  the  other  Northern  Powers. 

Lord  Glenbervie  said,  that  the 
learned  gentleman  (Dr'.  Lawrence) 
was  mistaken  in  a  point  of  fact. 
The  Northern  Powers  had  for  a 
considerabte  time  showed  a  dispo- 
sition to  resist  by  force  our  claim 
to  the  right  of  search.  A  Danish 
ship  had  resisted  by  force,  and  a 
Swedish  captain  had  been  broke 
for  not  doing  so. 

Mr.  Erskine  cordially  approved 
of  the  treaty.  It  liad  been  caUed  a 
judicious  compromise,  upon  which 
he  would  observe,  in  the  language 
of  a  man  whose  name  would  be 
always  heard  in  that  house  with 
reverence  (Mr.'  Burke),  that  "  al- 
most every  human  benefit  is  found- 
ed on  a  compromise,  and  it  is  better 
that  we  should  give  and  take  than 
be  too  rigid  ^^-ith  each  other,  for 
that  if  we  would  be  wise,  we  should 
not  endeavour  to  be  too  subtle  dis- 
putants." If  we  had  endeavoured 
to  impose  harsh  terms  upon  the 
late  confederacy,  those  powers 
would  have  contested  with  us 
again,  the  first  >  opportunity  that 
offered  5  but  by  oar  moderation 
the  business  had  been  better  set- 
tled. In  every  controversy  between 
man  and  man,  or  nation  and  na- 
tion, tliat  reconciliation  is  the  sin- 
cerest  where  the  honour  and  in- 
terest of  both  parties  are  attended 
to :  had  it  not  been  for  this  arrange- 
ment witli  the  Northern  Powers, 
peace  with  France  would  have  been 
perhaps  unattainable.  Mr.  Erskine 
then  very  eloquently  congratulated 
the  country  on  its  prospects  of  a  se- 
cure and  lasting  peace,  and  con- 
cluded by  giving  his  most  hearty 
approbation  of  the  conduct  of  his 
majesty's  ministers. 
Sir  William  Soott  expressed  bid 


entire  approbation  of  the  sentiments 
expressed  by  the  learned  gentleman 
(Mr.  Erskine),  who  had  just  sat 
down.  He  then  briefly  reviewed  the 
treaty  nearly  on  the  same  grounds 
as  lord  Hawkesbury  had  considered 
it,  and  concluded  with  voting  for 
the  addr«ss. 

Mr.  Tiemey  also  concurred  in 
the  address,  and  expressed  his  ap- 
probation of  the  conduct  of  mi- 
nisters, in  whom  he  began  to  place 
confidence. 

The  question  was  then  called  for, 
and  the  address  was  voted  without 
a  division. 

.  However  material  to  the  real  in- 
terests of  the  British  empire  the 
subject  matter  of  the  foregoing  de- 
bate, with  whatever  ability  the  ques- 
tion had  been  discussed,  or  how  ably 
soever  the  public  law  of  Europe, 
as  connected  widi  our  maritime 
dominion,  had  been  laid  down  in 
tlie  course  of  along  and  animated 
opposition  of  sentiment ;  it  excited 
very  little  sensation  in  the  public 
mind.  The  result  of  the  contest 
with  the  Northern  Powers  had  been 
glorious ;  it  was  universally  under- 
stood that  concession  would  follow 
victory,  and  that,  from  the  cha- 
racter and  temper  of  the  young 
sovereign  with  whom  wejiad  n^o- 
tiated,  every  thing  equitable  and 
conciliatoiy  was  to  be  expected. 
The  known  ability  of  lord  St. 
Helen's,  who  had  conducted  the 
convention  on  our  part,  and  a  wil- 
lingness to  confide  in  the  political 
skill  and  integrity  of  the  ministers 
at  home,  who  had  concluded  an  un- 
hoped for  peace  with  France,  and 
who  now  claimed  from  the  nation 
praises  for  having,  in  the  words  of 
the  address,  *'  secured  to  us  those 
essential  rights  for  which  we  had 
contended,**  and  which  all  agreed 
E  3  were 


34 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


were    inseparably   connected    with 
the  existence  of  our  naval  j)ower, 
precluded  minute  investigation ;  and 
if  \vv  add  to  these  cause*  the  diffi- 
culty of  tiie  subject,  and  its  remote- 
ness from  the  usual  studies  and  pur- 
suits of  the  greater  part  of  man- 
kind; we  shall  not  be  surprised  at 
the  apathy    and   indifference  with 
which  this  important  discussion  was 
generally  received.     But  it  is  the 
province  of  the  historian,  not  only 
to  detail  facts  as  they  arise,  but  to 
place  before  his  readers  their  cduses, 
their  relations,  and  tlieir  probable 
consequences.     Separate  this  duty 
from  his  labours,  and  he  becomes 
the  useful  annalist  indeed,  but  for- 
feits all  claim  to  the  na^e  and  dig- 
nity of  a  writer  of  history.  Impressed 
with  tliese  considerations  we  shall 
beg  the  indulgence  of  our  readers, 
while  we  consider  at  some  length 
the  articles  of  this   convention  :  a 
convention  which  at  once  abrogates 
what   has   always  been  considered 
and  acted   upon    as    the    received 
public  law  of  Europe ;    and  esta- 
blishes an  entire  new  code  for  tlie 
future  regulation   of  the  maritime 
affairs  of  all  civilized  nations.    Nor 
can  tlie  disquisition   be  considered 
as    unimportant,  when  every  Eng- 
lishman recollects  that  by  the  con- 
sequences of  this  important  trans- 
action it  is  to  be  decided,  what  rank 
•we  shall  hereafter  retain  among  the 
European  powers. 

The  origin  of  the  inadmissible 
and  unreasonable  pretensions  'of  the 
Baltic  states,  to  interfere  with  and 
cripple  our  maritime  regulations 
and  commerce,  may  be  found  in 
the  weak  and  temporizing  policy, 
which  Great  Britain  had  pursued 
towards  them  in  the  latter  years  of 
our  contest  with  America.  The 
f  eaco  of  1783  made  no  provisioa 


for  the  reassumption  of  those  rights 
which  had  been  wrested  from  us  by 
the  armed  neutrality  of  17 80.     But 
the    principles   of  .which  we  com- 
plained had  gradually  fallen  into  dis- 
use, and  were  renounced  by  the  prac- 
tice of  almost  every  power  who  had 
been  a  party  to  that  confederacy.  By 
Russia  in  her  war  with  Turkey  in 
J  78/  ;  by  Sweden  in  her  war  with 
the  former  power  in  1789 ;  by  all 
the  powers  of  Europe  with  which 
we   were    in     amity    during    the 
last  war,  in  their  respective  treaties 
witli  us  3  by  Denmark  and  Sweden 
in  their  instructions  issued  in  1793, 
and  in  their  treaty  with  each  other 
in   1794 ;    and  by  Prussia  in  her 
treaty  with  America  in  1799-    This 
universal  change  of  sentiment  se- 
'  cured    to    us    uninterruptedly   for 
many    years    the   exercise  of  our 
rights,  and  which  would  have,  per- 
haps, remained  for[ages  undisturbed, 
had  not  the  caprice  and  ill-founded 
anger  and  disgust  tlie  late  emperor 
of    Russia   conceived    towards  us 
again   revived    the   pretensions   of 
tlie  neutral  powers  with  increased 
eagerness  and  the  most  hostile  ma- 
nifestations.     A    new    convention 
was  now  formed  between  the  North- 
ern Powers  upon  the  basis  of  the 
old,  and  Great  Britain  found   that, 
unless  she  could,  by  equal  promp- 
titude and  vigour,  meet  the  neces- 
sity of  the  case,    and  bring   these 
questions    to  a   final   and    distinct 
settlement,    her  sun  -of  glory  had 
set  for  ever ! 

In  the  magnanimity  of  the  mo- 
narch, the  decision  of  the  admi- 
nistration, and  the  public  spirit  of 
tlie  people,  the  British  empire  soon 
saw  its  resources  commensurate 
with  the  dangers  which  menaced 
it :  fleets  were  set  on  foot ;  tlie 
command  given  to  oflicers  of  tried 

ability 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


55 


ability  and  experience,  and  in  an 
incredibly  short  time,  from  the  7th 
of  November  1800,  when  the  em- 
bargo was  laid  on  all  the  English 
sliips  in  the  ports  of  Russia,  the 
Baltic  powers  had  incurred  the 
heavy  penalty  of  their  temerity ; 
their  colonies  were  conquered  -,  their 
commerce  annihilated  5  the  de- 
fences of  their  own  ports  destroyed^ 
their  commodities  accumulated  at 
home  for  Avant  of  purchasers  j  their 
rvnenues  reduced  by  the  total  stag- 
nation of  trade ;  mutual  jealousy 
and  want  of  confidence  existing  be- 
tween each  other  ;  and,  in  fine,  the 
battle  of  Copenhagen  fought !  At 
this  crisis,  the  death  of  the  emperor 
Paul  opened  a  door,  not  only  for  a 
cessation  of  hostile  measures,  but 
for  negotiation  and  alliance,  and  the 
present  convention  was  set  on  foot. 
Under  such  auspicious  circum- 
stances it  might  reasonably  be  ex- 
pected that  we  should  establish,  on 
a  fixed  and  permanent  basis,  the 
principle  for  which  we  had  com- 
bated ',  and  that  the  contest  which 
we  had  so  gloriously  maintained, 
and  terminatf^d,  should  be  followed 
up  by  an  arrangement  so  precise 
and  certain  in  its  ternis,  as  should 
admit  befeafter  no  possibility  of 
evasion  or  abuse  j  and  -that  it  should 
form,  to  use  the  words  of  a  gi*eat 
statesman,"  the  charter  pf  our  fu- 
ture strength,"  and  *'  the  warrant 
of  assurance  of  the  undisturbed 
enjoyment  of  rights  .essential  to  our 
naval  |X)wer."  How  far  the  treaty 
in  question  has  accomplished  these 
objects,  we  shall,  with  as  much 
brevity  as   consists  witli  clearness, 

examine. 

I'he   convention*,    as   now  laid 
before  parliament,  was  made  with 


Russia  alone,  certainly  the  most 
powerful  member  of  the  northern 
cotifedcracy  :  the  fact  of  the  acces* 
sion  of  Sweden  and  Denmark  to  it 
ministers  confidently  stated.  Yet 
assuredly  it  was  without  example, 
and  extremely  inconvenient  for  par- 
liament to  be  called  upon  to  consider 
an  arrangement,  before  it  was  pos- 
sible that  its  extent  and  operation 
could  be  known,  or  how  far  it 
would  aflect  the  essential  interests 
of  the  British  empire ;  for  until  iX, 
should  be  seen  what  were  the  pre- 
cise terms  of  that  accession,  on« 
material  point  of  difference  might 
be  left  without  a  possibility  of  ex- 
planation or  adjustment;  because  the 
inteipretation  of  an  article  of  what 
was  contraband,  was  yet  in  dispute 
between  the  British  government 
and  Sweden  !  Nor  was  this  all,  the 
same  uncertainty  belonged  to  the 
convention  itself;  for  on  the  face 
of  it  there  appeared,  that  there  were 
many  explanations  stiil  to  be  entered 
upon  at  St.  Pe^ersbuigh  on  some  of 
its  most  material  points :  so  that 
parliament  was  called  upon  to  sanc- 
tion a  treaty,  upon  the  piecise 
terms  of  which  tliey  could  not  be 
distinctly  informed  !  For  this  un- 
precedented eagerness  on  the  part 
of  ministers  in  bringing  the  treaty 
in  this  crude  and  immature  form 
before  parliament,  we  can  only 
account,  by  supposing  that'  it  \v:\s 
too  tempting  an  opportunity  to 
acquire  |X)pularity,  not  to  be  em- 
braced at  the  expense  of  all  former 
usage,  and  the  severe  animadver- 
sions it  brought  upon  them.  '  1 
(}f  the  live  distinct  points  to 
which  this  treaty  t  may  be  reduced, 
we  shall  first  observe  on  that  which 
establishes    the  rule    under   which 


•  Vide  **  State  Papers,"  vqI.  fbr  19%\,  p.  Jis: 

*      £  4 


+  See  convention  ibid. 


tlie 


56 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


the  belligerent  refuses  to  neutrals 
the  liberty  of  carrying  on^  during  the 
vrsr,  those  parts  of  the  enemy's 
trade,  from  which  they  are  exclud- 
ed in  time  of  peace,  and  which  has 
usually  been  applied  to  the  coasting 
and  colonial  trade  of  France.  One 
of  the  articles  of  the  armed  neutrality 
in  178O,  claimed  the  right  of  car- 
rying on  unmolested  these  branches 
of  French  commerce,  although  pro- 
hibited in  time  of  peace  :  this  un- 
just pretension,  aimed  at  our  naval 
dominion,  was  renewed  by  the 
hostile  convention  of  1 800,  nearly 
in  tlie  following  words:  *'  That 
neutral  ships  may  navigate  freely 
^om  .post  to  post,  and  upon  the 
coasts  of  the  belligerent  powers." 
The  present  convention  adopts  very 
nearly  the  same  terms;  by  it, 
*^  neutral  ships  are  permitted  to 
navigate  freely  to  the  ports  and  upon 
the  coasts  of  the  belligerent  powers: " 
and  in  the  next  section  of  this  ar- 
,ticle,  it  is  added,  that  **  the  effecfs 
embarked  on  board  neutral  ships 
shall  be  free,  with  the  exception  of 
contraband  of  war,  and  of  enemy's 
property."  By  the  first  of  these 
clauses  the  hostile  claim  of  the 
northern  league  is  completely  re- 
cognized, as  far  as  relates  to  the 
coasting  trade  j  by  the  latter  it  as 
clearly  concedes  to  the  neutral 
powers  the  right  in  tune  of  war  to 
carry  on  the  whole  colonial  ti'ade  of 
France,  under  the  pretence  of  its 
being  their  acquired  property.  Thus 
have  we  surrendered  for  ever,  with- 
out reserve  or  compensation,  the 
whole  of  this  long  admitted  claim* 
its  principle,  and  its  practice.  We 
have  given  by  it  to  our  enemy,  in 
any  future  contest,  all  the  resources 
of  commerce  $  and  we  have  depriv* 
ed  tlie  valour  and  energy  of  our 
liavy>  of  the  just  reward  which  it 


now  derives  from  its  most  valuable 
captures ! 

On  the  second  of  the  general 
principles  of  the  convention,  that 
which  is  opposed  to  tlie  absurd 
and  unjust  pretension,  viz.  that 
*'  free  ships  make  free  goods,** 
there  is  in  this  treaty  a  proper  re- 
cognition of  the  long  established 
public  law  of  Europe  on  that  head. 

The  tliird,  which  applies  to  "  con- 
traband of  war,"  lays  down  a  prin-r 
ciple  tlie  most  fatal  that  could  possi- 
bly be  devised  to  our  future  mari- 
time dominion  ;  by  it  *'  all  ambi- 
guity or  misunderstanding  as  to 
what  ought  to  be  considered  as 
*'  contraband  of  war,"  is  declared. 
Nor  is  this  declaration  the  conces- 
sion of  .any  special  privilege  to  the 
contracting  parties,  but  the  recog- 
nition of  a  preexistent  right,  which 
as  such  cannot  be  refused  to  any 
other  independent  state.  -^  In  the 
enumeration  of  such  articles,  can- 
nons and  firelocks,  helmets  and 
swords,  saddles  and  bridles,  are  care* 
fully  set  down,  with  others  of  a 
nature  appropriate  to  a  war  by  land  j 
but  iron  and  timber,  pitch  and  tar, 
masts,  hemp,  sail-cloth  and  cord- 
age, are  by  it  not  only  declared  not 
to  be  contraband,  but  not  even  to 
be  naval  stores  !  So  that  so  soon  as 
our  present  commercial  treaty  shall 
have  expired  with  America,  we 
must,  in  our  renewal  of  it,  abide 
by  that  rule  of  public  law,  a^  hich 
we  have  ourselves  proclaimed  :  in 
similar  circumstances  shall  we  find 
ousrselves  situated  with  Holland, 
with  Spain,  with  Portugal,  with 
Prussia,  in  short  with  every  mari- 
time power  of  Europe  not  a  party 
to  this  convention. 

Blockad^  ports  is  the  next  subject 
which  this  treaty  embraces  :  on  this 
head  wc  shall  not  go  into  the  exami- 
nation 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.  57 

natioa  of  What;  Is  the  {precise  nature  to  record  the  magnanimous  coa- 
of  a  blockade  lay  sea,  always  an  iii-  cessions  which  we  h^ve  made,  not 
tncate  and  di^c^t  subject  5  but  only  of  our  own  rights,  but  the 
there  is  ground  sufficient  to  call  in  rights  of  all  Europe,  in  the  moment 
question  the  justice  and  policy  of  of  triumph  and  of  victory ;  not  as  a 
the  whole  stipulation  on  this  head,  peace-oft'ering  to  a  powerful  and 
From  the  words  of  the  article,  the  grasping  enemy,  but  to  a  prince, 
blockade  is  understood  to  last  so  our  ally,  whose  moderation  and 
Jong  only,  as  that  there  shall  be  friendship.to  us  were  equally  con- 
evident  danger  of  entering,  and  to  spicuous ;  and  who  could  not  pos- 
be  raised  as  often  as  that  danger  sibly  gain  to  his  own  dominions,  at 
ceases,  even  for  the  shortest  in-  least  in  the  present  posture  of 
tervaj.  In  tliis  light,  declaration  of  affairs,  any  commercial  or  mari- 
blockade,  or  of  its  having  ceased,  tinae  advantages. from  the  sacrifices 
heretofore  the  assurance  required  we  have  made,  proportioned  to 
of  the  existence  of  such  a  measure,  their  extent  and  consequence.  The 
is  abrogated ,  there  must,  under  this  right  of  visiting  ships  under  neutral 
new  code,  be  the  actual  pfesence  at  convoy  is  indeed,  by  the  words'  of 
all  times,  and  at  all  seasons,  of  the  this  article,  established ;  but  we 
blockading  squadron  to  constitute  a  have  so  limited  and  circumscribed 
blockade,  contrary  to  the  very  na-  it  in  the  operation,  as  to  render  it 
ture  of  naval  operations,  which  ne-  completely  invalid  and  nugatory, 
cessarily  depend  on  the  variations  of  As  the  law  will  now  stand  the  sus- 
the  weather,  and  which  must  occasi-  picion  must  precede  the  inquiry, 
^mally  compel  absence  from  the  poit,  and  no  detention^  can  take  place 
frequently  to  such  a  distance  as  that  unless  the  officer  be  already  in  pos- 
po  evident  danger  can  exist  in  enter-  session  of  evident  facts,  establishing 
^ng  ii.  Nor  can  any  neutral  ship  tiie  violafion  of  neutrality.  How 
hereafter  be  detained,  bound  to  such  this  mode  of  visiting  and  detaining 
port,  if  met  with  at  ^  distance  from  neutral  ships  can  be  reduced  to 
it,  because  by  this  regulation  it  is  practice,  with  any  sort  of  advantage 
made  impossible  that  the  officer  to  Great  Britain,  it  is  difficult  to 
of  the  belligerent  can  know*  that  the  point  out.  If  the  papers  of  the  ship 
blockade  does  at  that  moment  sub-  detained  be  regular  (and  it  would 
sist,  and  because  the  fact  of  its  be^ strange  indeed  if  they  were  not), 
existence  can  •  alone  justify  tlie  dc-  the  ship  itself  is  not  to  be  visited  f 
tention.  but  if  *' some  valid  motive  of  sus- 
The  ^'  right  of  search,"  the  last  picion  should  exist,'*  then  the  officer 
material  principle  of  the  convention,  may  make  further  search.  Unless 
and  which  might,  had  the  code  of  indeed  it  be  understood  that  the 
naval  law,  which  Great  Britain  has  framer  of  this  article  on  our  part 
hitherto  asserted  on  this  point,  been  wished  to  sanction,  under  the  am- 
steadily  maintained,  have  cured  in  biguity  of  phrase,  the  power  of 
its  operation  many  of  the  gross  and  eluding  the  whole  object  of  the 
dangerous  deficiencies  we  have  al-  stipulation,  what  valid  object  of 
ready  pointed  out  in  the  preceding  suspicion  can  arise  in  the  mind  of 
articles.  But  unfortunately  in  this  an  officer,  respecting  a  ship  whoi© 
instance^  as  in  the  Qthers^  we  have  name  he  never  heard  before,  whoso 

crew 


58 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


crew  and  cargo  he  has  never  seen, 
nor  is  permitted  ta  see,  unless  the 
papers  are  bungiingly  fabricated  ? 
What  judge  can  he  be,  or  what 
conjecture  can  he  make,  at  that 
distance,  of  what  concealed  articles 
the  ship  may  carry  ?  Can  he  in 
such  a  situation  acquire  the  details 
"which  the  information  of  some  or 
all  of  the  crew  might  furnish  him  ; 
<)r  can  he,  fiom  the  papers,  decide 
^v'hether.tlie  ship  be  victualled  and 
stored  as  they  indicate  ? 

1  bus  have  we  entered  mhiutely 
into  the  component  part?  of  tliis 
celebrated  convention.  To  tlie 
whole  of  the  treaty  it  must  be  ob- 
jected, that  whatever  might  be  the 
circumstances  which  induced  us  to 
conclude  it  in  the  present  manner 
and  form,  with  one  or  more  pow- 
ers, of  Europe,  we  should  have 
guarded,  by  the  most  explicit  decla- 
rations, against  the  possibility^of  our 
special  engagements  being  converted 
into  general  rules,  applicable  to  all 
other  countries :  and  this  for  the 
obvious  reason,  that  we  ^^ere  now 
limiting  our  ancient  rights  by  ex- 
press stipulations.  The  reverse  of 
this  policy  has,  however,  been 
Imfortunately  pursued.  We  have 
by  the  words  of  the  treaty  declared, 
that  the  stipulations  to  which  we 
have  now  acceded  ''  shall  be  re- 
g-^rded  as    permanent,     and    shall 


serve  as  a  constant!  rule  to  tlie  con- 
tracting powers,  in  matters  of  com- 
merce and  navigation." 

Nor  should  it  be  forgotten  that 
this  treaty,  iri  the  modern  spirit  of 
innovation,  has  unsettled  the  basis 
of  the  public  law  of  Europe,  vene- 
rable for  its  antiquity,  respectable 
ior  its  equity,  and  above  all  valuable 
for  the  stability  of  its  principles. 

This  was  the  first  great  measure 
of  Mr.  Addington's'  administration 
which  could  fairly  be  said  to  come 
before  the  public. 

The  preliminaries  of  the  peace 
with  France  were,  in  their  own 
natiu'e,  too  loose  and  undefined,  to 
serve  as  data  by  which  tlie  political 
wisdom  of  him  and  his  colleacrues 
were  to  be  determined  on  by  the 
public.  The  ^convention  with  Russia 
stood  in  a  very  difr'ereHt  predica- 
ment. It  was  the  mature  and  per- 
fected result  of  many  months  nego- 
tiation :  lor  the  reasons  we  have 
already  given,  a  minute  considera- 
tion of  its  merits  and  defects  was 
hardly  given  to  it  in  any  quarter; 
all  its  demerits  were  overlooked  or 
were  swallowed  up  in  the  vortex 
of  delight  and  rapture  at  the  ter- 
mination of  the  war ;  and  the 
"  convention"  and  the  ''prelimina- 
ries" went  hand'  in  hand  in  the  tri- 
umphant progress  of  Mr.  Adding'" 
ton's  administration. 


CHAP 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE, 


59 


C  H  A  P.    V* 

fne  Trade  with  India. — Sir  William  Pulteneys  Motion  tlwreon. — Delate^ 
— Speeches  of  Mr.  Addington — Johnstoji —  Wallace — Sir  F.  Baririg — Mr» 
Metcalf — W  Dundds — Tierney — Lord  Glenlervie,  and  Mr.  R.  Thorn" 
ton. — Sailing  of  the  Brest  Fleet. —Mr.  Grenvilles  Observations,  and 
Questions  to  Administration  thereon. — Mr.  Addington' s  reply. — Stale 
Bread  Act  repealed. — Ways  and  Means  for  three  Mont  lis. — Arguments 
for  the  Prohibition  of  the  Working  of  the  Distilleries. — Bill  lost. — Thirty^ 
six  Thousand  Militia  voted  till  the  Signing  the  Definitive  Treaty. — Be" 
peated  Adjournmeiits  toJariuary  IQth,  1802, 


NO  business,  of  moment  oc- 
curred in  cither  house  of 
parliament  worth  detailing  for  the 
remainder  of  the  year  1801,  if  we 
except  the  conversation  which  arose 
in  consequence  of  a  motion  made. 
by  sir  W.  Piilteney,  on  the  subject 
of  the  East  India  trade,  and  some 
observations  of  the  right  honourable 
Mr.  Greiiville  oh  the  sailin'g  of  the 
Brest  fleet  for  St.  Domtngo. 

Sir  W.  Pulteney  had,  some  time 
previously  to  his  motion,  given 
notice  of  it,  and  had  repeatedly  de- 
ferred it  on  the  ground  that  he 
understood  that  tlie  parties  were 
disposed  to  settle  the  matter  in 
dispute  without  the  interference  of 
parliament.  On  the  25th  of  No- 
vember, however,  finding  that  there 
was  little  prospect  of  an  amicable 
adjustment  on  the  subject  of  the 
free  trade  between  those  whose 
concern  it  uiimedi:jtely  was,  he 
was  determined  to  bring  it  at  lengtli 
before  the  house  of  commons. 

Sir  W.  Pulteney  prefaced  his 
motion,  relative  to  the  trade  be- 
tween this  country  and  the  East 
Indies,  with  entci*ing  into  a  com* 


prehensive  historical  retrospect  c^ 
the  origin^  rise  and  establishment  of 
the  East  India  company.  The  cause 
of  that  institution,  he  said,  was  two^ 
fold.  In  the  first  place,  it  was  the 
object  of  government  to  get  aa 
ample  loan,  in  compensation  for  the 
exclusive  monopoly  granted  to  the 
company.  Secondly,  tliat  exclusive 
charter  was  granted  for  tliis  reason^ 
because  the  trade  with  India,  from 
the  great  distance  of  the  latter 
country,  could  not  possibly  be 
carried  on  by  individuals,  but  re- 
quired a  confederated  capital.  In 
the -reign  of  queen  Anne,  a  larger 
sum  of  money  was  raised  by  the 
er>ection  of  another  company.  These 
two  companies ,  were  afterwards 
united  and  consolidated  into  one, 
under  the  title  of  the  United  Com- 
pany of  Merchants  trading  to  tlie 
East  Indies.  At  the  time  the  cn» 
croachment  of  foreign  companies 
constituted  tlie  principal  object  o£ 
the  jealousy  of  the  British  traders, 
the  speculation  went  on  prosper- 
ously, and  was  eminently  lucrative. 
But  when  they  departed  from  their 
simple  character  of  merchants,  and 

acquired 


60 


ANNUAL    REGISTE.R,    1802. 


acquired  tenitorial  possessions,  they 
became  subject  to  considerable 
losses.  So  great  was  the  falling  off, 
that  the  rupee,  which  was  worth 
upwards  of  2s.  did  not  fetch  more 
than  \s.  3d.  Things  continuing  in 
this  , adverse  train,  a  bill  was,  in 
1782,  brought  into  parliament,  the 
effect  of  which  went  to  take  the 
trade  out  of  the  company's  hands 
altogether.  It  is  true  that  tliis 
bill  did  not  eventually  pass,  being 
thrown  o\it  in  the  lords,  after  it 
had  gone  through  the  commons, 
and  been  read  twice  in  the  upper 
house.  But  tliough  the  bill  was 
lost,  the  necessity  of  some  sys- 
tem of  regulation  was  universally 
felt  and  acknowledged.  Under  this 
impression,  parliament  applied  to  a 
milder  mode  of  correction,  by  the 
establishment  of  the  board  of  con- 
trol. In  this  state  the  business 
continued  till  the  year  1793,  when 
the  question  of  the  renewal  of  the 
company's  charter  came  on.  Par- 
ticular attention  was,  on  this  occa- 
sion, devoted  to  the  consideration 
of  the  free  trade,  and  manj 
clauses  were  introduced  into  the 
bill  relating  to  that  subject.  On 
this  point  he  could  not  refrain  from 
observing,  that  all  the  different 
governors  who  had  been  appointed 
to  the  command  in  the  East  In- 
dies had,  without  a  single  excep- 
tion, given  their  opinions  in  favour 
of  the  principle  of  granting  greater 
facilities  to  the  free  trade,  which  ' 
they  considered  as  essential  to  the 
very  pimary  interests  of  the  com- 
pany. The  directors  of  the  com* 
pany,  on  the  contrary,  had  always . 
«et  their  faces  against  tlie  proposi-^ 
tion,  notwithstanding  the  declared 
sentiments  of  their  officers,  refus- 
ing to  facilitate  the  free  trade,  ex- 
cept in  such  a  way  as  Tendered  it 
4 


impossible  for  the  English  trader  t© 
enter  into  a  fan*  competition  with 
foreigners.  Acting  on  the  same 
principle  which  all  his  predecessors 
in  the  government  of  fndia  had 
avowed,  lord  Welleslcy,  in  the  year 

1798,  granted  a  greater  latitude  of 
j)ermission  to  the  free  trade.  The 
directors  of  the  company,  however, 
though  they  had  not  been  able  to 
substantiate  any  proof  of  disadvan- 
tage which  had  accrued  from  th^ 
system,  wrrtte  against  it  very  for- 
cibly to  lord  Wellesley ;  in  conse- 
quence of  which,  his   lordship,  in 

1799,  was  more  tenacious 'of  grant- 
ing facilities  to  the  free  trade.  In 
the  following  year,  ]  800,  lord  Wel- 
lesley found  himself,  however,  un- 
der the  necessity  of  again  resorting, 
to  his  former  principle,  which  pro- 
duced strong  remonstrances  against 
the  measure,  on  the  part  of  tlie  di- 
rectors, who  persisted  in  their  sys* 
tem  of  hampering  the  native  trader, 
to  the  emolument  of  foreign  spe- 
culators. On  these  grounds,  he 
felt  it  his  duty  to  bring  the  busi- 
ness fully  and  directly  before  par- 
liament. The  house  would  have 
the  goodness  to  recollec|,  that  tlie 
trade  to  India  was  divided  into  two 
branches — the  trade  to  China  ;  and 
that  to  India,  as  it  was  called  :  the 
latter  embracing  Bengal,  Calcutta, 
and  the  rest  of  the  settlements. 
The  joint  produce  of  these  two 
branches  amounted,  in  the  year 
ISOO,  to  7,000,000/.  sterling:  of 
these,  4,000,000/.  sterling  were  re- 
exported, 1'he  proportion  of  the 
free  trade  was  nearly  3,200,000/. 
sterling.  The  trade  carried  on  hf 
foreigners  amounted  to  considerab)]^ 
more  than  1,500,000/.  sterling,  • 
To  what  extent  the  trade  might  be 
carried  and  improved,  it  was  im- 
possible to  say.     In  the  sin^e  ar«- 

ticlc 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.  61 

tide  of  indigo,  which  had  not  been  equivalent  to  their  authority,    he 
cultivated  many  years,  an  addition  had  the  opinion  of  a  right  honour- 
of  no  less  than  1,000,000^.  sterling'  sble  gentleman  (Mr.  Henry  Dim- 
was  made  to  annual  produce.  Hence  das),   who  had  devoted  particular 
the  house  would  be  able  to  form  attention  to  this  important  subject, 
Kmie  estimate  of  what  might  be  and  who  was  decidedly  in  favour 
idone,  if  due  &cilittes  were  Motded  of  the  free  trade.    He  had  the  au- 
to enterprise.     All  that,  he    con-*  thority  of  dl    the  governors  who 
tended  for,^  all  that  he  required  of  had  managed  the  company's  affairs 
the    company   and  of  the    house,  in  India,  and  who  surely  must  foe 
was,  that  the  same  privileges  should  Allowed  to   possess    the  means  of 
be  accorded  to   the  free  trade  of  judging  of  the   subject.     Further, 
this  country  which  were  allowed  to  in  order  to  show  on  what  ground 
fereigners.     But  feir  and  equitable  the   directors   stood,    it  might   be 
as  this  ^demand    must    appear  to  proper  to  offer  a   few  remarks  on 
eveiy  candid  and   impartial  judge,  the  mode  of  their  election.     The 
it  was  peremptorily  refused  by  the  original  qualification  for  a  director 
directors.     Nay,  they  even  granted  was  500/.     This  had  consequentl7 
privileges  to  foreigners  which  they  been    raised    to    1000/.      Another 
denied  in  toto  to  their  own  coun*  change   was    effected    by  limiting 
tiymen.     Foreigners  were  allowed  the  dection,  which  was   originally 
to  dealj  not  only  in  certain  articles,  annual,  to  every  four  years.    This 
but  in  the  company's  goods  in  ge-  he  considered  as  the  grand  and  ge- 
neral..   The  effects  of  such  a  sys-  nerating  cause  of  most  of  the  evils  ^ 
tem  could  not  fail  to  prove  ruinous  which  had  ensued.     The  directors 
to  the  interests  of  tJiis  country,  by  were  now  no  longer  the  represen- 
eoabling  foreigners  to  undersell  us  tatives  of  the  proprietors,  but  a  sdf- 
io  the  European  markets.  In  the  year  appointed,   self-elected  body.     Six 
17^>  thib  sale  of  East  India  goods  went  out  annually  by  rotation,  and 
at  UOrient  amounted  to  no  less  a  came  again  as  regularly  into  office, 
som  than  1^300,000/.  sterling.  This  when  their  period  of  rotation   re- 
was  the  produce  of  the  trade  with  turned.     Only  one  instance  did  he 
France  alone.     But  it  should  be  re-  know  of  a  director  being  chosen, 
menabered,    that  Denfnatk,  Ame-  whose  name  was  not  on  the  house 
nca,  and  Lbbon,  had  likewise  em-  list.     By  this  means  the  constitution 
bad^ed  in  this  concern..    It  was  not  of  the  company  was  totally  changed 
his  wish,  to  exdude  foreigners  from  and  subverted.     The  direction  of 
the  East  Indies  y  but  not  to  sacrifice  the  company  was  a  complete  aristo- 
the    interests   of  our  country    to  cracy.    And  the  experience  of  ages 
theirs^— -not  to  dramp  and  fetter  the  emboldened  him  to  af&rm,-  that  of 
British  .trader   in    compliment  to  all  possible  governments,   not  ex- 
iiaffeig^  dipalers^    Perhaps  some  gen-  cepting  even  the  horrors  of  a  wild 
tiemen  might  feel  iodised  to  attach  d^ocracy,  aristocracy  was  the  most 
CDimderabie  weight  to  thededared  tyrannical  and  dangerous.     It  was, 
and  imanimoos  suffrage  of  the  court  indeed,  no  wonder  that  the  directors 
of  dk^edois,  in   oppontion  :to  the  should  succeed  in  establishing  this 
taoodragenoent  of  die  fi-ee  trade,  sytom  of  aristocratical  dominion^ 
But  as.  a49outtt«qpoi0%  «inore  l^aii  y^hm  it  was  considered  what  n^ 


62         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

mense  patronage  they  enjoyed-  The  be  allowed  to  the  private  trade,  zi 

whole  list  of  appointments  abroad;  conducing  equally  to  the  cncnura;:;^- 

the  purchase  ofgoods  for  the  foreign  men t  of  British  manufactures,  and 

market ;  the  choice  of  merchants ;  to  the  consumption  of  oxix  East  In- 

the  appointment  of  ships  J  all  these  dia  produce.     If  the  directors  had 

opportunities  of  influence  centred  not  given  to  private  traae  all  the  fa- 

among  themselves.     This  was,  in  cili ties  required  by  that  act,  and  of 

truth,  the  real  cause  and  rnotive  of  course  expected  by  its  framers,  he 

the  objection  started  by  the  directors  should  not  have  looked  upon  the 

to  a  more  beneficial  improvement  of  present  motion  as  a  new  measure, 

the  trade.     They  were  unwilling  to  but  rather  as  a  supplement  to  that 

■weaken  their  own  power  and  in-  act.     There  was,  however,  no  im- 

f^ience  by  admitting  a  competitor-  mediate  issue  before  the  house,  on 

ship.     This  appeared  to  be  tlie  case  which  it  was  called  upon  perempto- 

by  their  own  confession.     The  ho-  rily  to  decide.     The  governor  and 

nourable  baronet  then  entered  into  the  directors,  the  marquis  Welles- 

a  comprehensive  analysis  of  a  pub-  ley,  and  the  late  president  of  the 

lication  by  one  of  the  directors  on  board  of   control,    had  all   agreed 

the  momentous   subject,  the  chief  that  something  was  necessary  to  be 

and  leading  points  of  which  he  ar-  done  in  this  case.     They  had  wisely 

gued  with  great  perspicuity  5  and  viewed   the  contending  parties  as 

after  again  pressing  on  tlie  consider-  looking  to  extreme  points,  and  they 

ation  of  the  house  tlie  vast  magni-  had  properly  adopted  a  medium  be* 

tude  of  the  discussion,  and  the  ne-  tween    these    two    extremes.       It 

cessity  there  was  of  granting  facili-  would  be  of  infinite  mischief,  in  his 

ties  to  our  country,  in  preference  to  opinion,  if  tlie  private  trade  were  to 

foreigners,    concluded    his    speech  be  encouraged  beyond  a  certain  ex- 

with  moving  for  the  appointment  of  tent.     It  would  be  still  more  mis- 

a  committee,  to  take  into  considera-  chievous  if  a  rivalry  were  to  be  esta- 

tion  the  papers  laid  before  the  house'  Wished  between  the  English  and  the 

last  sessions,  relative  to  the  proceed-  India   shipping,    and  if  the   latter 

ings  of  the  East  India  company  with  were,  on  all  occasions,  to  be  sent 

respect  to  the  trade  with  India';  and  home  full  freighted  with  the  private 

to  report  the  same  to  the  house.  trade.     A  most  material  difference. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  Mr.  Addington  said,  had  taken  place 

began  by  admitting  the  great  import-  since  this  question  was  first  brought 

anceof  the  present  question.  It  was,  forward.     It  was  first  produced  in 

in  fact,  he  observed,  of  so  much  im-  time  of  war;  it  was  now  happily  ;to 

portance,  that   it  should  not  have  be  discussed  in   a  time  of  peace. 

been  brought  into  agitation,  unless  The  complexion  of  the  case  was 

\uider  circumstances  of  extreme  ne-  therefore  so  far  different  that  no  dis- 

cessity.     He  should  not,  however,  advantage  could  arise   from  delay. 

enter  into  the  circumstances  of  the  There  were  now  nearly  three  year? 

case  previous  to  the  arrangement  of  left  for  the  experiment  agreed  upon 

1793,  between  tlie  public  and  the  between  the  marquis  of  Wellesley 

East  India  company.     I'he  act  of  and  the  board  of  control,  by. which 

tliat  date  had  wisely  provided,  that  every  possible  advantage  was  to  be 

a  certain  quantity  of  tonnage  should  given  to  private  trade,  remain ing, 

as 


HISTORY     OF     KUROPE. 


63 


03  in  his  opinion  it  should  be>  under 
the  direction  of  ihc  East  India  com- 
pany. It  was  the  aim  of  his  prcfde- 
cessors^  and,  wiiliout  any  prejudice 
as  to  their  intentions^  it  must  ever 
be  his  wish,  that  Lonrlon  should  be. 
not  only  tlie  enipcirium  of  India 
trade,  but  tlie  sole  and  exclusive 
mart  of  India  produce.  He  should 
not  enter  into  any  comparison  be- 
tween Lascars  and  British  seamen, 
as  the  latter  would  ev(T  main- 
tain their  ascendancy,  niid  the  for- 
mer  were  to  be  considered  as  merely 
supplementary.  Neither  was  it  his 
wiih  to  enter  into  the  (question  of 
colonization,  though  there  was  doubt- 
less some  danger  from  what  had  hap- 
pened in  auotiier  quarter,  llic  cases 
of  Aiperica  and  India  were,  in  his 
opinion^  widely  dilferent.  The  ca- 
pitalists of  tlic  latter  Irnd  no  other 
vi&h  than  to  settle  in  their  mother 
country,  lliere  was  tlierefore  mere- 
ly a  ground  of  caution,  with  which 
if  was  not  necessary,  in  his  judg- 
tacnt,  at  the  present  season,  to  oc« 
cupy  tiic  hoase.  He  was  of  o|)  in  ion, 
thai  the  act  of  I  /ijH,  with  the  recent 
amngements,  was  fully  sutiicknt 
for  every  pur|)os<".  There  \s'as  no 
pressing  exigency  for  the  intcrfe- 
reucc  of  the  house.  He,  there- 
fore, though  approving  of  die  mo- 
tion in  many  ]K)ints  of  view,  must 
awet  it  in  an  indirect  way^ which 
he  did  by  moving  llie  pie\iou:>  q^itb* 
tion. 

Mr.  Johnston  (ihe  ncpliew  of  sir 
W.  Pulleney)  followed  \ip  and 
aiaintainul  the  arguments  of  his 
liunourable  relative.  He  alluded  to 
tlic  arrangetnenls  which  had  been 
made  for  the  term  of  three  yc:ir». 
[Mr.  Addington  said  across  the 
tabic,  *'  for  two  seasons,  umouuiing 
Juiarly  to  tliree  years.  ]  Mi.  Juhn- 
fitim    cantixiLied.     The  pLin»^    he 


said,  which  had  been  made  abroad 
and  at  home,  by  no  means  met  with 
his  approbation.  The  receipts  frrnn 
India  by  private  channels  did  not 
consist  wholly  of  the  remittances  of 
indiWduals.  I'here  was  to  be  in- 
cluded the  loans  of  the  company, 
of  which  two  millions  out  of  tea 
only  were  taken  by  the  natives.  ITic 
balance  in  favour  of  India,  he  con- 
tended, was  now  nearly  five  million* 
sterling.  Surely  some  proper  mode 
should  be  devised  for  the  remittance 
of  these  large  sums.  If  India-built 
ships  were  not  admitted  into  tlic 
port  of  London,  they  would  find 
tlicir  way  to  Antwerp  and  L'OiVnt, 
to  the  inuncnse  benefit  of  foreigners, 
and  their  trade  would  be  carritxl  on 
even  more  advantageously  than  un- 
der British  colours.  He  desired  to 
know  what  was  to  be  done  to  pre- 
vent this  mischief  after  these  two 
years  of  experiment  had  expired  ? 

Mr.Addington  beggetl  leavx;  to  an- 
swer, that  what  was  to  be  done  at 
the  end  of  two  years  must  rest  with 
tlie  discretion  of  the  govt-niment 
and  of  the  East  l?Kli;i  directors,  wlitj 
must,  of  course,  feel  it  nccei>arv  to 
come  to  some  |H'nnai)cnt  arrange- 
ment. A\  ith  respect  to  the  indul- 
gences granted  by  i  he  latter,  he  ir.ust 
.say,  that  lliey  npjxarcd  to  him  to  Ixi 
very  ample  iiide^:;!.  Ibcy  had 
Sgrt-od  to  extend  the  import  tot  na^j* 
from  tl/rtr  to  ^fice  thoii^^and  tons, 
pri>vided  that  this  was  done  uikKt 
their  immediate  uircx-iion.  'li  ii 
had  for  its  ob\ious  t<.nJ?*ncv  Unii 
the  pubii*:  and  private  :ulvantn::^.  Ii 
wy^  stat''d  in  tl-e  priprr  wbit.h  I  c 
lirld  in  his  hauvi,  ili,:t  thes.*  Av.[ii 
thus  employed  si;  I'.M  not  be  re- 
tained fur  any  poiii'^al  p'jr|x>sr, 
uijlt.ss  they  were  laden  witf;  [ni't:<: 
goods  or  with  salipelre — that  the 
company  was  inclined  to  make  rp 


€4 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


their  cargoes  with  rough  goods  at 
the  usual  rate  of  three  per  cent, 
—and  also  that  these  ships  might 
be  relet  for  the  purpose  of  export- 
ation. 

Mr.  Johnston  said,  that  this  ex- 
planation, if  previously  given,  would 
have  cut  short  much  of  the  debate. 
The  single  question  now  was,  whe- 
ther the  East  India  company  should 
have  the  sole  superintendence  for 
the  purpose  of  trammelling  and 
hampering  the  private  trade,  i^e 
said,  that  if  this  were  the  case, 
the  India-built  ships  must  be  forced 
to  trade  under  neutral  or  foreign 
flags.  He  was  most  decidedly  for 
the  motion  of  inquiry. 

Mr.  Wallace  took  a  very  wide 
view  of  the  case.  He  thought 
there  was  no  ground  for  the  pro- 
posed inquiry.  It  was  for  the  com- 
pany to  regulate  both  their  public 
and  private  trade;  and  this  they 
had  a  right  to  do^  not  en  politick, 
but  on  commercial  grounds.  The! 
question,  as  it  now  stood,  was  be- 
tween public  faith  and  political  ex- 
pediency. The  plan  which  was 
now  to  be  adopted  for  two  years, 
would  redound,  in  his  opinion,  to 
the  credit  and  advantage  of  the 
company.  Those  who  opposed  it 
seemed  to  him  to  have  some  ulterior 
advantages  in  view,  which,  perhaps, 
would  be  better  decided  upon  when 
they  were  brought  fairly  before  the 
public.  The  exclusive  monopoly  of 
the  company  he  could  not  consider 
in  any  present  point  of  view,  but 
as  highly  advantageous  to  the  coun- 
try at  large. 

Sir  Francis  Baring  said,  that  the 
question  appeared  to  him  to  be, 
whether  India  or  Great  Britain  was 
to  be  the  mother  country  ?  The 
contest  was  formerly,  whetiier  the 
merchants  of  Ens^and  and  Ireland 


were  not  to  be  entitled  to  a  free  and . 
full  share  of  this  commeice.  The 
warfare  was  now  of  a  ditferent  sort. 
A  set  of  men,  who  had  made  tlieir 
fortunes  under  the  auspices  of  th* 
East  India  company,  now  came 
forward  to  say,  that  if  the  trade  i^as^ 
not  in  some  degree  opened  to  them, 
they  would  remove  their  capitals 
elsewhere.  He  made  no  doubt 
that  it  might  in  some  places  be, 
carried  on  more  cheap  j  but  this, 
in  his  judgment,  was  a  reason  the 
more  tor  Seeping  the  monopoly  39 
strict  as  possible.  He  was  of  opi- 
nion, that  the  marquis  of  Wellesley 
had  exceeded  his  powers  from  the 
moment  that  he  lent  an  ear  to  the 
advocates  for  private  trade.  He 
was  much  against  the  trade  carried 
on  by  single  ships,  which  frequently 
forestalled  the  fair  commerce  of  the^ 
company,  and  occasioned  the  home 
produce  t<y  be  retumied,  which 
would  otherwise  have  been  laid  out 
in  profitable  investments.  He  ha4. 
no  objection  whatever  to  private 
trade,  if  properly  conducted  under 
the  protection  and  superin  tendance 
of  the  company.  But  if  these 
claims  were  acceded  to,  it  would  be 
similar  to  the  conflict  of  the  ts^'o 
companies  under  the  reign  of  queen 
Anne,  which  was  found  to  be  ruin- 
ous to  both.  Under  all  the  cir- 
cumstam;ps,  he  did  not  look  on  this 
as  the  proper  moment  for  such  an 
inquiry. 

Mr.  Metcalf  very  ably  followed 
on  the  same  side.  He  remarked, 
that  there  had  been,  during  the  late 
war,  no  less  a  tonnage  than  50,000 
tons,  all  destined  for  foreign  set- 
tlements, on  some  of  which  it  was 
known  that  we  at  that  very  mo- 
ment meditated  a  descent.  The 
parties  who  made  this  application 
were,  in  his  opinion,  never  to  be 

satiiified 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


6^ 


satisfied  :  tliey  would  in  afl  appear- 
ance be  discontented  with  any  thing 
short  of  the  measure  of  opening  the 
trade  altogetlier.  It  was  surely  fair 
in  policy  and  in  prudence,  to  give 
to  the  company  the  full  and  exclu- 
sive benefit  of  its  charter,  if  tliis 
were  to  be  violated,  and  if  trora 
any  motive  of  policy,  however 
sound  it  might  appear,  the  com- 
pany were  to  be  deprived  of  their 
territorial  rights  ;  tiien,  in  his  opi- 
nion, the  sun  of  India  was  set  for 
ever  !  On  tlic  measure  now  before 
the  bouse,  and  its  consequences,  he 
should  only  observe,  that  the  hon. 
baronet  who  brought  it  forward,  was 
so  alarmed  at  the  slight  probability 
of  its  success,  that  he  actually  sold 
out  20,000/.  £ast  India  stock  on 
the  very  day  before  he  brought  for- 
ward bis  motion. 

Mr.  W.  Dundas  did  not  see  any 
thing  in  the  present  motion  hostile 
to  the  real  interests  of  the  company. 
He  did  not  think  it  wrong  that  free 
merchants  should  be  allowed  to 
trade,  when  that  trade  did  not  ac- 
tually interfere  with  that  of  the 
Company.  If  tlie  capital  of  the 
latter  was  limited,  there  was  no 
reason  whatever  whv  ah  extension 
of  it  should  not  be  allowed,  where 
it  was  offered  with  good  Will.  It 
by  no  means  followed,  from  tlie 
exclusive  ^charter  of  the  company, 
that  the  public  was  to  suffer  either 
from  their  want  of  means^  or  from 
their  supineness. 

Mr.  Tierney,  ou  the  otlier  hand, 
contended  warmly  for  the  exclusive 
rights  granted  to  the  company  by 
the  charter  of  1793.  The  present 
attack  originated  with  men  edu- 
cated and  raised  under  tlie  com- 
pany. They  wished  for  more, 
and  therefore  were  refractory.  I'hey 
augured  every  evil  to  tiie  company, 

Yoj..  XLIV. 


merely  because  they  hoped  that 
these  evils  would  turn  to  tlieir 
benefit.  If  a  concession  was  made 
in  this  instance,  there  would  be 
no  end  to  their  claims.  They  said 
that  their  aim  was  merely  fo  ex« 
elude  foreigners.  This  would  sanc- 
tion every  claim  that  might  be  made 
on  the  part  of  Liverpool,  Ireland, 
&c.  It  was  the  duty  of  parhament 
to  make  a  decided  stand  behind  the 
charter  of  the  company.  If  a  con- 
cession was  to  be  made  to  500  gen- 
tlemen, why  not  to  1500  or  2000  > 
The  claimants  in'this  case  appeared 
to  him  to  have  but  a  slender  title 
to  the  attention  of  tlie  house.  They 
came  forward  witli  a  claim  in  tlie 
one  hand,  and  a  menace  in  the 
other.  *'  If,"  said  they,  ''  you  do 
not  grant  what  we  demand,  we  can 
have  Hxe  per  centum  better  at 
Ostend,  and  ten  per  centum  better 
at  Antwerp."  They  were  subjects 
of  this  country,  but  they  had  a 
distinct  interest  as  capitalists. 

Mr.  Tierney  then  proceeded  to 
show  tlie  fallacy  of  the  argument 
that  we  could  have  ships  built  in 
India  on  cheaper  terms  than  at 
home.  But  admitting  tliis,  for  the 
sake  of  argument,  to  be  the  case, 
were  we,  for  the  sake  of  150,CXX)/. 
loss  to  the  company,  to  disband 
our  anny  of  shipwrights,  and  to 
leave  our  marine  at  the  mercy  of 
tlie  enemy  r  He  trusted  that  no 
such  policy  could  take  place,  and 
that  the  faitliflil  servants  of  the 
country  would  not  be  discarded  on 
such  narrow  and  impolitic  grounds. 

Lord  '<jlenl)er\'ie  spoke  at  some 
length  on  the  legal  merits  of  thej 
case.  He  observed  that,  with  a 
proper  register,  India  built  ships 
\^'ere  ,  now  admitted  as  British 
vessels.  He  was,  however,  more 
an  advocate  for  admitting  the  im- 
J^  portation 


m  ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802. 

portatlon  of  teak  wood  as  a  convc-  lili  opinion  till  the  signature  of  thtt' 
nience,  in  the  scarcity  of  oak,  than  definitive  treaty    took   place;     be- 
for  transplanting  our  ship-building  cause,  unwilling  as  he  always  was, 
to  India.      He  saw  no  ground,  nor  and   ever  should    wish   to    be,    to 
could  lie  reckon  much  on  the  pru-  throw  an/  obstacles  in   tJie   way  of 
dcnce   of  (juestioning  the  sincerity  his  majesty's  ministers,    much  less 
of  our  late  adversary  ;  he  therefore  in  the  way  of  so  desirable  an  object 
must  give  his  vote  for  the  present  as  peace,  he  v\ould  not  be  the  man 
question.  who,   by  any  act  of  hi;^,  or  by  any" 
Mr.  R.Thornton  spoke  with  the  thing  that  should  fail   from  him  in 
other  directors  against  the  motion  that  house,  might  seem  to  apj^car 
for  a  committee  of  inquiry.         '  to   thwart  the   one  or  oppose   the 
Sir  James  Pulteney  spoke  at  some  other.      But  whatever  might  then 
length  in  favour  of  the  original  pro-  have  been  his    intentions,  or  what- 
position.  ever  were   the    conditions   of  the 
*     Sir  William  Pulteney  was  heard  preliminaries,  or  now,  those  of  the 
in  reply.  definitive    treaty,     all     these    had 
Mr.  Addington  said  a  few  Words,  notliing  to  do  with  an  event  which 
The  speaker  then  put  the   pre-  his  duty  in  a  paramount  way  called 
vious  question,  which  was  carried  upon  him  to  have  explained  by  the 
without   a    dixision.      Sir  W.  Pul-  right  hon.  gentleman    opposite  to 
tcney's  motion  was  lost  of  course.  him  (the  chancellor  of  the   exche- 
As  we  shall  devote  a  particular  quer).     He  was  not   in  the  habit 
portion  of  this  work  to  the  aft'airs  of  of  claiming  often  the  attention  of 
India,  we  shall  not  dwell  here  up-  tliehouse^  notliing,  therefore,  but 
on  the  merits  of  the  subject,  that  circumstances  of  imix)rt  should  at 
brouglit  on  the  above  debate,  and  this  season  claim  it  now.     But  tlic 
we  shall  only  now  remark,  that   it  subject  was  of  such  magnitude,  that 
was  not  again  brought  forward  in  he  could  not  resist  botli  the  impulse 
the  courseof  the  session.  of  duty,  and,  in   tliis   instance,  of 
In    the     month     of   December  inclination,    in   looking   for  a  fair 
1801*,    the  Brest  fleet  had  sailed  and    unequivocal    answer    to    the 
fbr    St.    Domingo,    conveying   an  questions   he  should   put  thereon ; 
immense     army,    and   naval    and  not  but  he  hoped  that  such  a  corn- 
military     stores     to    a    prodigious  munication  would  have  been  made 
amount,  and  this  pending  the  ne-  concerning  it  as   would  have  ren- 
gotialion  of  the  definitive  treaty  of    dered  it  wholly  unnecessary  for  hira 
peace.     On  this  very  extraordinary  to  say   one   word  on  the  subject, 
event,'  on  the  28th  of  that  month,  Tliat,  lipwever,  not  being  the  case,- 
the  right  hon.  Mr.  Grenville,  in  his    he  was  tlie  more  impelled  to  declare 
place  in  the  house  of  commons,  oh-    himself. — A  report  for  some  days 
served  that,  upon  a  former  Occasion,     had  got  into  circulation,  that  the 
he  advened  to  the  conditions  of  the    Brest  fleet  had  sailed  :    this,  as   a 
preliminary  treaty,'  many  of  which  report,  might  have   been   idly  pro- 
met     his    decided  and    unqualified  pagated,  and  he  gave   little  or  no 
olis!ik«5    iie    avoided   then    giving  credit  to  it  3  but  last  night,  having 

♦  Vide  Hist.  Europe,  AnA.  Reg.  iSOi, 

understood 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


A 


ifrtderstood  that  it  was  confirmed, 
he  was  desirous  of  being  acquainted 
with  the  fact,  and  of  the  country 
being  also  acquainted  with  it  j  and 
although  he  had  proposed  leav- 
ing town  this  morning,  yet,  consist- 
ently witli  nis  duty,  and  consistently 
with  what  he  owed  his  conscience, 
he  could  not  depart  without  satis- 
fying both  in  tliis  instance.  As  this, 
therefore,  was  a  matter  of  th^  ut- 
most apprehensiori  and  alarm,  he 
desired  to  knoW  the  fact,  whether 
or  not  the  Brest  fleet,  consisting 
of  sixteen  sail  of  the  line,  with 
transports,  and  10,000  troops  on 
board,  had  actually  sailed  for  St. 
Domingo?  If  it  be  the  case,  and 
they  were  suffered  to  go,  he  begged 
gentlemen  would  seriously  reflect, 
tod  feel  the  situation  tlie  country 
must  be  in  should  the  definitive 
treaty  not  be  signed.  He  begged 
of  them  to  reflect  what  a  prodigious 
force  was  permitted  to  proceed  to 
the  neighbourhood  of  the  most 
Vulnerable,  yet  most  valuable  part 
of  our  colonial  possessions.  In 
every  point  of  view  whereon  he  had 
an  opportunity  of  considering  this, 
his  fears,  his  apprehensions,  and 
his  alarms,  were  awakened  and 
increased,  and  nothing  could  allay 
them.  He  believed  he  could  with 
truth  aver,  that  at  no  time,  in  the 
histoiy  of  the  wslrfare  of  modern 
Europe,  such  a  circumstance  as  this 
had  occurred  between  the  signature 
of  preliminaries  and  the  cohipletion 
of  a  definitive  treaty  of  peace  3  and 
how  to  account  for  so  strange  a  de- 
viation from  custom  and  from  com- 
mon sense,  he  could  not  even  guess. 
The  time  between  signing  preli- 
minaries and  completing  a  definitive 
treaty,  was  always  considered  an 
honourable  truce>  in  which  neither 
of  the  beUigereDt  parties  attempted 


any  militaiy  movement  whatsoever. 
For  til  is  reason,  he  considered  tliis 
step,  ifitbetrue,  as  one  menacing 
tlie  most  alarming  danger.  He* wish- 
ed to  be   understood  in  describing 
tliat  dartger  :    he  did  not  mean  to 
suppose  tliat  France  would  be  desi- 
rous   of    breaking    a    preliminary 
treaty,  abounding  as  this  does  with 
so  many  advantages  in  her  favour  j 
but  witliout  any   such  supposition, 
he  might    apprehend    the    danger 
which  such  a  superiority  of  strength 
mustafibrd  her  in  the  West  Indies, 
which  may  hereafter  bear  so  much 
on   all   the  questions  that  arise  at 
Amiens,    and  the  changes  it  may 
work  there.     ^Can   that   respected 
nobleman,    whom    we    have  sent 
there   for  the    purpose  of  making 
peace,    say,    should    such   change* 
occur,  *'  I'll  not  go  on  \vith    the 
definitive  treaty  ?"    Can  he  say  so, 
and  how  must  he  act  ?  Can  he  even 
now  sav,  *'  I  would  go  on  with  tlie 
definitive  ti-eaty,  if  Uiat  armament 
had  rot  sailed  ?"   He  was  inclined 
to  think  he  could  not  \  and  there-v 
fore,  as  a  soldier  and  a  statestnan, 
he  must  find  himself  in  a  dilemma  : 
but   he   hoped  that  would  be  the 
woi'st  5  and  that  ho  greater  incon- 
venience would  arise  from  it.    Sup- 
posing for  a  moment  that  there  had 
been  an  additional  article  set  to  tlic 
preliminaries  to   the  effect  of  tins 
event,  and  that  it  had  been  speci- 
fically stated  that  sixteen  sail  of  the 
line,  with  10,000  men,  were  to  be 
sent  by  tlie  French  government  to 
the  West  Indies  pending  the  nego- 
tiation,   would   any  man    in    that 
house    agree  to  such    an   article  '*, 
Would  he  not  rather   suspect  the 
\vhole  ?  This  he  tliought  a  fair  way 
of  putting  the  question  now,  and 
in  that    shape    he   would    leave  it 
with  the  house,  as  he  did  not  mean 
F  2  to 


A 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


to  follow  it  up  with  any  motion 
whatsoever  5  his  sole  motive  being 
tlie  discharge  nf  his  duty,  wherein 
was  comprised  two  leading  objects. 
The  first,  as  it  v^ould  render  a  ser- 
vice to  government,  by  enabling 
them  to  contradict  the  report,  if 
unfounded;  and  most  glad  he  should 
always  be  to  become  the  medium 
of  affording  tliem  any  opportunity 
by  throwing  off  from  their  shoulders 
the  corpus  delicti,  if  they  could. 
The  second  object  was,  if  the  fact 
be  true,  to  draw  from  them  such  a 
consolation  for.  the  public  mind  as 
they  can  offer,  and  will  satisfy. 
Added  to  tliese,  a  tliird  object  pro- 
ceeded from  the  consideration  of 
the  other  two,  and  that  was^  if 
they  neither  could  contradict  the 
lact,  nor  afford  that  consolation  so 
desired,  tlien  that  the  house  and 
the  country  should  lose  not  a  mo- 
ment in  presenting  an  attitude, 
safe  and  respectable. 

The  Chancellor  of  tlie  Exchequer 
replied,  tliat  he  well  knew  how  dif- 
ificult  it  was  to  set  limits  to  obser- 
vations and  inquiries  made,  when 
topics  of  such  a  nature  were 
started  5  but  the  right  honourable 
gendeman  must  admit,  that  he  en- 
joyed a  very  liberal  permission  on 
this  occasion,  when,  by  his  own 
account,  he  rested  wholly  on  ru- 
mour. The  right  honourable  gen- 
tlerqan,  however,  desires  to  know 
the  fact,  whetiier  the  fleet  he  alludes 
to  sailed  from  the  harbour  of  Brest 
or  not,  and  a  full  and  fair  answer 
he  shall  have :  govennnent,  cer- 
tainly, has  not  yet  received'  the  re- 
gular and  official  information  on 
that  head,  but  that  it  has  taken 
place  there  is  no  doubt.  But  whe- 
ther that  right  honourable  gentle- 
man claims  this  information  as 
niatter  of  right    is  a  ver^;    great 


doubt.  But  still,  whether  any  com*.,- 
munication  furtlier  should  be  made 
thereon,  he  trusted  no  gentleman 
would  require  him  to  state ;  or 
whetiier  government  had  or  had 
not  taken  any  measures,  which  by 
possibility  might  be  deemed  pre- 
cautionary or  not,  would  be  still 
less  required  of  him.  At  all  events, 
he  had  the  satisfaction  of  declaring 
thaf  nodiing  has  happened  which 
can  interfere  witli  the  language  that 
the  noble  lord  may  use  at  Amiens, 
or  the  nature  of  the  trust  reposed  in 
him.  Nothing  further  occurred  up- 
on tlie  subject,  and  here  it  rested 
for  the  present. 

In  the  ordinary  course  of  the 
public  business  of  the  session,  a 
bill  was  brought  into  the  house  by 
Mr.  Tierney,  to  repeal  tlie  stale 
bread  act,  in  consequence,  as  he 
said,  of  the  very  productive  harvest 
of  tlie  year,  and  tliat  altliough  thp 
act  had  but  a  fortnight  to  run, 
penalties  had  been  incurred  under 
it  to  a  considerable  amount  -,  the 
levying  of  which  would  be  a  gi'eat 
hardship  upon,  many  very  indus- 
trious persons,  and  certainly  was 
not  called  for  by  circumstances 
at  tlie  present  moment.  Leave 
was  given,  it  passed  without  op-^^ 
position,  and  it  was  repealed  in 
course. 

On  tlie  1 6th  of  November,  the 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  stated 
to  the  house,  tliat  as  it  was  thought 
advisable  to  continue,  for  three 
months'  longer,  the  naval  and  mili- 
tary establishment  of  last  year,  it 
became  necessary  to  ascertain  the 
ways  and  means  by  which  tliis  in- 
tention "Wtis  to  be  fulfilled.  The 
estimates  already  voted  were,  for  the 
army  above  two  millions,  for  the 
navy  three  millions  and  a  half,  which, 
with  the  advance  establishment  fojr 

Gi'tat 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE, 


i' 


Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  would 
make  a  total  of  7,000,000/.  The 
ways  and  means  by  which  he  meant 
to  meet  the  expenditure  were  the 
land  and  malt  tax,  and  a  fresh  issue 
of  exchequer  bills  to  make  up  the  de- 
ficiency, as  tiie  sum  recjuired  would 
all  together  amount  to  8,500,000/. 
He  then  proceeded  to  state  the  bar- 
gain which  had  been  concluded 
with  the  committee  of  the  holders  of 
outstanding  exchequer  bills  which 
he  propbsed  to  fund.  Having  de- 
scribed the  contract,  he  moved  the 
usual  resolution.  Very  little  objec- 
tion was  made  to  the  bargain,  and 
the  resolution  was  agreed  to. 

Considerable  opposition  of  senti- 
ment prevailed  upon  the  measure  of 
opening  the  distilleries  ;  the  act  for 
prohibiting  their  working  being  on 
the  point  of  expiring.  Mr.  Burton, 
a  respectable  country  gentleman, 
moved  for  leave  to  bring  in  a  bill 
to  continue  the  prohibition  for  a 
thne  to  be  limited  :  his  motives 
were  grounded  on  the  .fact  of 
600,000  quarters  of  barley  being 
used  annually  in  the  process  of 
making  spirits  5  that  quantity  of 
corn,  he  said,  would  be  thrown 
into  its  proper  channel,  and  consti- 
tute the  food  of  man.  He  said, 
that  if  spirits  must  be  distilled,  why 
not  make  use  of  molasses,  which  he 
contented  would  not  hurt  tlie  re- 
itenue  5  for  die  prohibition  would 
encourage  the  importation  of  spirits, 
by  the  duties  on  which  the  revenue 
would  be  improved  ?  He  added, 
that  he   was   countenanced  in  his 


arguments   by  the   universal  peti- 
tions from  all  parts  of  the  country, 
not  from  the  lower  order,  or  the 
factors,    but  from    discreet  sober- 
minded    people,    who    were    fully 
aware   that  the    revenue  must    be 
kept  up  one  way  or  other.     He  ad- 
duced many  arguments  of  the  s^me 
nature,    but  was   opposed    by   the 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  ^vho 
asserted  that  the  quantity  of  barley 
used  in  the  distillery  of  spirits  did 
not  amount  to  a  tenth  part  of  the. 
average  produce  of  that  cropj  tliat 
tlie  distillers  fed  vast  numbers  of 
hogs  with  their  grains,    which   in 
that   shape,     perhaps,    contributed 
in    a    considerable    degree  to  tl|e 
sood  of  man ;   that  the  prohibition 
would  encourage  private  distilleries, 
from  whence  much  more  evil,  with 
respect  to  morals,  was  to  be  appre- 
l^nded   than  •  from    the    ordinary 
course  J  and,  above  all,  that  the  de- 
.falcation  of  the  revenue,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  prohibition,  amount- 
ed to  400,000/./   After  an  animated 
debate,  tlie  question  was  put,  when 
the  motion  was  lost  by  a  majority 
of  62.  ^ 

On  a  motion  of  the  Secretary  at 
War,  it  was  voted  the  total  number 
of  the  militia,  until  the  signing 
of  the  definitive  treaty,  should  be 
30,000.  On  the  29tli  of  December, 
both  houses  of  parliament  adjourned 
for  a  week,  and  which  mode,  de 
die  in  diffm,  was  continued  till  the 
J 9th  of  Januaiy  1302^  without  any 
business  of  importance  being  agiV 
tated. 


rs 


CHAP , 


79 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802- 


CHAP.    VI. 

ttetrdspect  to  the  Situation  of  Europe  for  the  three  last  Months  of  180^.— 
Marquis  Cornwallis  appointed  Ambassador  to  the  French  RepulUc — sail^ 
for  Calais. — Reception  there-^and  at  Paris, — Rejoicings  at  Paris  on  the. 
Peace. — Distinguished  CompUjn.ents  paid  to  the  English  Ambassador,-^ 
Quits  Paris — arrives  at  Amiens. — Tardiness  of  the  Negotiation -^probalip 
Causes, — Fast  Projects  and  Ambition  of  Bonaparte.-^  French  Armament 
sails  for  the  West  Indies. — Mutiny  at  Bantry  Ray  suppressed. — Englis^ 
Squadron  of  Qbservatioji  follows  the  French  Fleet. 


IN  our  preceding  volume  we  have 
brought  down  our  history  of  Eu- 
rope to  the  period  of  the  signature 
of  the  preliminary  articles  of  peace 
between  Great  Britain  and  France, 
on  the  1st  of  October  1801.  Itwill 
of  course  be  here  necessary,  for  the 
sake  of  connection,  to  continue  it 
for  the  remaining  months  of  that 
year,  before  we  commence  our  la- 
bours on  that  which  is  immediately 
the  object  of  our  present  volume.  — 
A  war,  the  most  general  and  de- 
stmctive  which  tlie  civilized  world 
had  ever  been  engaged  in,  which 
had  raged  unremittingly  for  ten 
years,  and  which  in  its  progress 
threatened  to  overturn  eveiy  esta- 
blished principle  of  government  and 
of  society,  was  now,  by  the  treaty 
of  Luneville  and  the  preliminaries 
signed  in  London,  apparently  ended. 
I'he  temple  of  Janus  was  shut, 
ajid  it  was  the  ardent  wish  of  all 
nations  that  it  should  long  continue 
ho.  Mankind  was  weary  of  a  con- 
test which  gave  few  solid  advantages 
to  those  who  were  most  successful, 
and  was  completely  niinous  to  the 
vanquished.  All  classes  of  society, 
in  every  country,  began  now  to  in- 


dulge the  fond  hope  that  a  perma- 
nent peace  would  follow  the  dread*- 
ful  convulsions  and  calamities  ever 
attendant  on  war.  The  treaty  of 
Luneville,  while  it  secured  to  France 
an  enormous  accession  of  territory 
and  strength,  appeared,  at  the  same 
tirfie,  to  have  left  Austria  the  means 
of  supporting  the  rank  of  a  primary 
power  of  Europe.  By  one  of  the 
express  articles  of  that  treaty,  it  was 
stipulated,  '*  that  the  Batavian,  Cis- 
alpine, Helvetic,  and  Ligurian  re*- 
publics  should  be  free  and  indepen- 
dent," and  the  right  of  the  people 
of  those  countries  to  choose  or  change 
their  governments,  at  pleasure,  was 
solemnly  guarantied  by  the  two  con- 
tracting parties.  By  another  article 
of  that  treaty,  it  was  agreed,  that 
the  emperor's  brother,  the  grand 
duke  of  Tuscany,  should  be  fully 
indemnified  in  Germany  for  the  loss 
of  his  Italian  dominions.  Under 
tlie  circumstances  which  obliged  tlie 
emperor  to  sign  this  treaty,  it  was 
l^erhaps  as  favourable  as  Austria  had 
reason  to  expect  3  and,  if  the  spirit 
of  that  treaty,  or  its  express  cover 
nants,  had  been  adhered  to  by  the 
Fiench  govenimcnt,  some  sort  of  ba- 

lanc«t^ 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


71 


fance  of  power  would  still  have  ex- 
isted upon  the  continent  of  Europe  ^ 
some  nations,   which    are    now  no 
more,    would   have  securely  culti- 
vated and  enjoyed  the  blessings  of 
peace   and    independence ;  and  the 
ancient  freedom  and  dignity  of  the 
German  nation  would  not  now  have 
been  laid  prostrate  at  the  foot  of  the 
first  consul  of  France.     The  pro- 
spect of  peace  whicJi  was  held  out 
to  Europe  by  tlie  treaty  of  Luneville, 
was  pleasingly  confirmed    by    the 
preliminary  articles   of   peace   be- 
tween  Great  Britain  and    France, 
signed  at  London  in  October  1801. 
This   event,  for  which   the  public 
mind  was  hardly  prepared,  was  every 
where    received  with  transports  of 
joy^     Ihe  restoration  of  peace  ap- 
peared   in  itself  so   desirable,  that 
the   terms  of  this  preliminary  ar- 
rangement were  but  little  canvassed 
by  the  people  of  either  country.    If 
the  nations  on  the  continent,  with 
whom   France  had  been    at   war, 
found  peace  necessary  to  preserve 
their    very   existence,    the    people 
of  France,  as  well  as  of  this  country, 
cx)iisidered  it  equally  essential  and 
necessary   to   their  prosperity   and 
happiness.      The    French    nation, 
notwitlis tending   the  brilliant  ^  suc- 
cesses of  their  armies  in  the  field  j 
notwithstanding  tiie  great  extension 
of  tlieir  territory,  and  the  military 
glory  which  they  had  acquired,  felt, 
in  the  midst  of  their  victories,  all  the 
distresses  which  usually  attend  de- 
feat.   The  loss  of  their  colonies,  the 
blockade    of  their  ports,    arbitrary 
requisitions,  together  with  the  ex- 
tinction of  public  and  private  credit, 
had  completely    crushed    all  com- 
merical  enterprise,   and  reduced  to 
the  utmost    misery  those  immense 
numbers  who  had  formerly  derived 
their  subiistencc  from  comniercCji 


and   who   depended    totally    upon 
it.     The  inliabitants  of  the  manu- 
facturing towns  in  France  had  long 
cried  out  for  peace,  and  particularly 
for   one    with     England,    witliout 
which    they    could    not  hope    for 
the    revival    of    their    trade.      In 
tliis  country  too,  the  great  and  in- 
creasing weight  of  taxes,  combined 
witli  the  enormous  higli  'price  of 
'  provisions  during  the  last  two  years 
of  the  war,  and  which  was  supposed 
by  the  people  to  be  the  necessary 
consequence  of  it,  equally  disposed 
the  minds  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
British  empire  to  amity  with  France. 
The  preliminaries  were  tlierefore  re- 
ceived with  enthusiastic  joy  in  both 
countries.     It  w^s  universally  ex- 
pected that  the  definitive  treaty  would 
have  followed  in  a  few  weeks  -,    as 
it  was  supposed,  that  in  the  nego- 
tiation previous  to  the  preliminaries 
every  topic  had  been  sutiiciently  dis- 
cussed, and  that   the  execution  of 
the   definitive    treaty   Avould   be    a '' 
matter  of  form  j   an  aulhentic  and 
solemn  ratification  of  peace  between 
the  two  greatest  powers  of  the  world, 
to  w^hich    no  delay  could  belong, 
save   that   induced    by    diploniaiic 
ceremony.      The  city  of  AuiiL-ns, 
being  nearly  equidistant  from  Lon- 
don and  P:\ris,  and  midway  betv/eeu 
these  cities,  was  fixed  upon  as  the 
place  for  holding  the  congress,  which 
was  finally  to  setde  all  matters  in 
dispute   between  Great  Britain   on 
the  one  part,  and  France,  in  con- 
junciion  with    her  allies,    on    the 
other.      The    British    government, 
sincere  in  its  wish  for  j^eace,  ap- 
peared to  give  credit  to  the  consi.lar 
court  for    similar    dispositions :    it 
selected,  for  its  representative  at  the 
congress,    one   of  ihe   most  distin- 
guished characters  of  which  Che  em- 
pire had  to  boast.     A  man  of  ex- 

■     F4    ■  "  alted 


•72  ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

alted  rank,  who  had  filled  with  he  arrived  on  the  eixning  of 
dignity  the  highest  stations  a  British  the  /th.  On  the  8th  he  was  in- 
subject  can  hold,  and  who  added  troduced  to  monsieur  Talleyrand, 
to  his  other  qualifications,  that  the  minister  for  foreign  affairs^ 
frankness  apd  sincerity  which  are  ^nd  partook  of  a  splendid  dinner, 
the  true  and  becoming  characteristics  at  which  were  all  the  most  distin- 
of  an  Englishman  and  a  soldier,  guished  personages  in  Paris.  The 
No  choice  could  be  more  pleasing  next  morning  he  was  privately  in- 
or  more  flattering  to  the  French  troduced  to  Bonaparte,  who  con- 
government,  versed  with  him  for  a  considerable 
On  the  1st  of  November  1801,  time.  This  was  tlie  day  fixed  for 
the  marquis  of  Cornwallis  left  Lon-  .  the  public  rejoicings  in  Paris,  on 
don,  attended  by  a  train  suitable  to  account  of  the  peace.  The  pre- 
his  own  dignity,  and  to  that  of  the  sence  of  the  British  minister  added 
nation  he  represented.  He  was  ac-  considerably  to  the  general  joy  oh 
companied  by  his  son,  lord  Brome  3  the  occasion.  By  a  private  ordfer 
his  son-in-law,  Mr.  Singleton ,  and  of  the  police,  his  carnage  was  the 
"was  attended  by  colonels  Nightingale  only  one  which  was  permitted  on 
and  Littlehalesj  Mr.  Moore,  who  that  day  to  pass  through  the 
acted  as  his  secretary  3  three  of  his  crowded  streets.  Tliis  privilege 
majesty's  messengers,  and  a  large  was  most  cheerfully  acquiesced  in 
train  of  seiTants.  He  had  previ-  by  the  Parisian  mob,  who  felt,  at 
ously  sent  over  to  Calais  his  horses  least,  as  much  disposition  as  the 
and  his  equipage,  which  were  far  government,  to  pay  every  possible 
superior  iij  splendour  and  appoint-  compliment*  to  his  lordship  as  am- 
ments  to  any  thing  which  had  been  bassador  of  Great  Britain,  and  the- 
seen  in  France  since  the  revolution,  bearer  of  the  welcome  tidings  of 
So  anxious  was  his  lordship  to  exe-  peace  In  the  evening,  lord  Corn- 
cute  this  important  mission,  that  wallis  was  invited  to  the  palace  of 
although  the  weather  was  ex-  the  Thuilleries,  to  see.  the  .illumi^ 
tremely  tempestuous,  he  resolved  nation  and  fireworks.  After  this 
to  embark,  on  tlie  morning  of  the  day  his  lordship  gave  and  receiveci 
3d  of  November,  for  Calais.  One  some  grand  dinners,  at  which  ge- 
of  the  vessels  which  carried  the  nerals  Moreau,  Massena,  Bcrthier, 
baggage  was  stranded  and  lost  near  and  several  of  tlie  first  characters 
Boulogne,  and  the  inliabitants  of  the  in  France,  were  pr  sent,  but"  he 
town  of  Calais  watched,  with  the  never  dined  with  the  first  consul* 
most  anxious  solicitude,  tlie  vessel  It  appeared,  from  this  circumstance, 
in  which  his  lordship  was  em-  that  although  Bonaparte  was  in  the 
barked.  Much  was  apprehended  habit  of  asking  distinguished  cha- 
for  its  safety  ;  but  towards  night  the  racters,  of  evtiy  countiy,  to  his 
storm  somewhat  abated,  and  he  table,  as  a  private  individual,  yet 
landed  under  a  general  salute  of  to  ambassadors  he  stood  upon  all  the 
artillery  from  all  the  forts.  The  strictness  of  the  etiquette  of  crown- 
next  morn'ng  he  was  visited  by  the  ed  heads,  and  preserved  the  great- 
whole  of  the  constituted  autliorities  est  degree  of  state  and  ceremony. 
of  that  district,  and  in  the  course  His  lordship's  reception,  how-r 
qf  the  day  set  out  for  Pai'is^  where  ever,    at  the  French    court,    was 

warded 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


is 


marked  with  more  distinction  than 
had  ever  before  been  paid  in  France  to 
any  ambassador.    Besides  the  guard 
of  honour,  which  was  appointed  to 
wait  at  his  hotel,  orders  were  given 
to   the  soldiers  at  every   corps  de 
garde,  that  when  his  carriage  passed, 
the    guard    should   turn    out    and 
carry  arms.     This,    as  a  mark  of 
distinction^  was  one  of  the  highest 
compliments  that  could  be  shown 
him,    and    such   as    never   before 
ifras  paid  to  any  foreign  minister  in 
France.      Notwithstanding  all  this 
compliment    and    ceremony,     his 
lordship   was  soon  lired    of  Paris, 
and  at  the  latter  end  of  November 
set  out  for  Amiens,  where  he  ar- 
rived on  the  1st  of  the  next  month. 
Neither  Spanish  nor  Dutch  minis- 
ter  were    then  arrived,    and    Jo- 
seph Bonaparte,  the  consul's  bro- 
tfier,     who  was   tlie    French    mi- 
nister, came  down  solely  in  personal 
compliment    to     lord    Cornwallis. 
Ahnost  as  soon  as  his  lordship  had 
arrived,    the  administrators  of  the 
theatre  of  Amiens  waited  on  him 
to  know  at  what  hour  he  would 
wish  the  play  to  begin.     His  lord- 
ship replied,  tliat  he  very  seldom 
went  to  plays,  and  requested  they 
would  fix  it  at  whatever  hour  was 
most  agreeable  to   the   inhabitants 
of  Amiens.     They,  however,   ob- 
served his  dinner  hour,  and  during 
his  stay   in  that  city,  the  play  be- 
gan at  5even  o'clock  instead  of  six, 
which   was,    before   his   lordship's 
arrival,  the  time  it  had  always  com- 
menced. All  the  constituted  autho- 
rities within  forty  miles  of  Amiens 
came  to  visit  and  congratulate  his 
lordship;   and   here,  as  well  as  at 
Paris,  he  received  every  compliment 
and    mark  of  distinction  tliat  was 

Essible  to  give.     The  negotiation, 
wever.    was   for  a  considerable 


period  suspended.     The  Dutch  mi- 
nister, Schimmelpenninck,'  did  not 
arrive   till  the  7th,    and  the  court 
of  Spain  seemed  very  slow  in  ap- 
pointing their  minister  ;    at  length 
the  choice  fell  upon  the  chevalier 
D'Azarra,  but  he  remained  a  con- 
siderable time  at  Genoa,  assigning 
as  an  excuse,  what  was  the  reality 
or  the  pretence  of  iUness.     Spaiw 
was,   of  all   the  powers   coalesced 
against  England,  .the  least  satisfied 
with    the    preliminary    articles    of 
peace.     France  was  to  receive  back 
all    the   colonies  which    had  been 
taken  from  her,    in   a   highly  im- 
proved slate;  and  was  to  cede  no- 
thing as  an  equivalent,  save  those 
countries  which    she  would   have 
been  obliged  equally  to  have  aban- 
doned, even  if  no  equivalent   had 
been  spoken  of.     Holland,  who  had 
lost  all  her  colonies,  except  Batavia, 
was  to  receive   much   the   greater 
part  of  them  back  again,  and  in  a 
state    infinitely   superior    to    what 
they    were    in    when   taken  j    but 
Spain,    who  had  lost  nothing  but 
the   islands   of  Trinadada  and  Mi- 
norca,   was    called  upon    to    cede 
the  former.     Spain,  therefore,  find- 
ing herself  almost  the  only  loser  in 
point  of  territory,    was    not    very 
anxious  to  sign  this  treaty  3  and  as 
nothing  conclusive    could  be  done 
at  Amiens,  till  the  arrival  of  the 
Spanish  minister,    lord   Cornwallis 
had  for   a    considerable    time    no 
otlier  employment  at  Amiens  than 
•  receiving   and  exchanging  compli- 
mentary visits. 

The  French  government  and  the 
first  consul  were  not  inactive  in 
the  mean  time.  Two  grand  pro- 
jects then  occupied  tlie  mind  of 
Bonaparte.  The  first  was  the  re- 
covery of  the  colonies  of  St.  Do- 
mingo and  Guadidoupe,  which  had 

formerly 


74 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


formerly  been  of  tlie  fiist  imjwrt- 
ance  to  France,  but  \\hich  the  revo- 
lutionary army  of  negrot's,  who  had 
ck'fen^ed  thcin  tIiix)ughout  tlie  war, 
now  threatened  to  \\Test  from 
the  parent  state.  Ihe  second  pro- 
ject was  slill  boldtj".  it  was  to 
plaee  the  Cisalpine  republic,  which 
the  treaty  of  Luneville  had  de- 
clared independent,  absolutely  in 
the  power  and  at  tlie  discretion  of 
I  he  lirst  consal.  In  pursuance  of 
the  first  project,  a  considerable 
army  and  fleet  had  been  for  a  long 
time  collecting  at  Brest,  L'Orient, 
and  Rochefort,  which  consisted  of 
(wenty-three  sli'ps  of  the  line,  five 
of  which  were  Spanish,  and  25,000 
land  troops,  and  which  sailed  on 
the  1  Uh  of  December. 

Tlu^  British  government  was,  not 
without  reason,  jealous  of  such  a 
force,  and  somewhat  anxious  about 
Its  final  destinaiiouj  but  having 
received  cxj)ress  assurances  from 
France  tliat  its  only  object  was  to 
take  possession  of  the  colonies,  and 
restore  them  to  regular  government, 
they  at  length  consented  to  their 
sailing,  without  waiting  for  the  con- 
clusion  of   the  definitive     treaty  I 


They  however  collected  a  fleet  atl 
Bantry  Lay,  under  the  command 
of  admiral  Mitchell,  v>hieh  was^ 
destined  as  a  fleet  of  observation, 
to  watch  their  motions  in  the  West 
Indies.  When  the  crews  of  these 
vessels  understood  that  tl;ey  were 
about  to  lie  sent  thither,  notwith- 
standing the  war  appeared  at  an 
end,  a  spirit  of  mutiny  spread 
pretty  uni\ersally  tlirough  the  fleet, 
but  particularly  on  board  tlie  ships 
Temeraire  and  Formidable.  It  was, 
however,  soon  subdued  by  the  de- 
cided conduct  and  spirit  of  the 
officers  :  and  fourteen  of  tlie  rin^- 
leaders,  who  had  most  of  them 
borne  an  excellent  character  before 
the  mutiny,  were  tried  by  a  court 
martial,  condemned,  and  executed. 
The  mutiny  thus  at  an  end, 
and  completely  subdued,  a  squadron 
of  seven  sail  of  the  line  proceeded 
to  the  West  Indies  to  rehiforce  the 
fleets  on  that  station,  and  prevent 
the  possibility  of  any.  atlack  upon 
our  possessions  in  that  part  of  the 
world.  Such  were  the  pfkicipal 
events  which  concluded  the  yeay 
1801. 


CHAP. 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE, 


€  H  A  p.     VII. 

fomrnencement  of  the  Year  1802. —  Opposite  Opinions  on  ilie  General  Siote 
of  Affairs  at  that  Period. —  Tardiness  of  the  Negotiation  at  Amiens — 
accounted  for. — Projects  of  Bonaparti^-  sets  off  j'or  Lyons  to  weet  the 
Cisalpine  Deputies — conferences  with  them  in  private. — The  Consiilta 
pul'licly  submit  the  new  Constitution  of  the  Cisalpine  Republic  to  him, 
and  solicit  him  to  accept  the  Presidency. — Co?istitution  of  t lie  Italian 
Repuhlic. — Bonaparte  returns  to  Paris. — Additional  Acquisitions  of 
France  in  the  Morith  of  January — Louisiana — Parma,  kS^c. — Elba. 


IT  was   the  opinion    of  a  vast 
raajority  of  the  British    nation, 
that   tiie  year     1802    commenced 
tinder    chcumstances    higlily  aus- 
picious.    The   termination   of  our 
arduous   sti'uggle    for    every   thing 
dear  to  Britons,    witli    an  enemy, 
the  torrents  of  whose  success  we 
alone  could  stem,    and  from  which 
we  had  retreated,  as  f:ir  as  our  own 
immediate   interests  were  affected, 
with  honour  -,  unimpaired  resources  3 
additional  territory  ;    the  character 
of  our  army  and  navy  at  the  high- 
est point  of  reputation ;  our  mari- 
time regulations  and  laws,  contend- 
ed for  with  the  Northern  Powers, 
gloriously  establislied  j  a  confidence 
in  the  pacific  tone  and  temper  of  the 
first  consul  oi  France ;  a  belief  tliat 
the  spirit  of  rebellion  and  disaffection 
in  Ireland  was  completely  allayed, 
jhone  forth  in  the  dazzling  assur- 
ances  of  the  minister   and    those 
who  acted    with   them :  and   these 
assurances  were  oi  too  flattering  a 
nature    not   to  meet  with  implicit 
credit.     Nor  did  it  contribute  in  a 
triiiing  degree  to  the  general  satis- 
faction, that  it  was  universally  un- 
derstood tliat    tlie    income  tax>   a 
1 


burden,  v/hich  tlie  bulk  of  the  na- 
tion had  rather  impatiently  borne, 
was  now  to  be  withdrawn  5  tliat 
the  substituted  taxes  were  to  be 
such  as  would  press  solely  on  tlie 
opulent  part  of  the  community  3  and 
that  vast  rf\luctiuns  were  to  take 
place  in  our  military  and  marine 
establishments. 

In  another  point  of  view  our 
situation  was  not  less  flattering: : 
the  atrocities  of  the  French  revolu- 
tionary government,  and  the  des- 
potism which  succeeded  them,  and 
to  which  they  inevitably  tended, 
tlioroughly  satisfied  the  English 
mind  upon  the  .subject  of  democracy. 
And  there  was- scarcely  to  be  found 
at  the  close  of  the  war  an  individuiil 
who  would  not  have  borne  the 
pressures  he  had  undergone,  mul- 
tiplied tenfold,  rather  than  subject 
our  happy  and  tried  constitution 
to  the  horrors  attendant  on  innova- 
tion and  revolution.  The  opening 
of  the  distilleries  was  a  convincing 
and  gratifying  proof  that  plenty 
had  once  more  established  herself 
in  her  favoured  seat;  and  the 
ceasing  of  die  provision  contracts, 
and  tlie  quantity  of  foreign  grain 

i;i 


76  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 

in  our  ports,  in  addition  to  the  pro-  nnd  temper  of  the  first  consul^  thrv 
duce  of  the  two  successive  plentiful  were  not  equally  sanguine  with 
harvests  it  had  pleased  Providence  those,  who  saw  in  them  the  spirit 
to  send  us,  put  an  end  to  all  ap-  of  moderation  and  peace;  on  tlic 
prehension  of  scarcity,  and  the  contrary,  they  augured  ill  of  both, 
markets  once  more  were  become  from  tf^e  activity  which  he  mani- 
reasonable  and  abundant.  fested  in  seizing  the  first  m.oments 
Yet  were  there  not  wanting  some,  of  this  truce  to  send  a  vast  arma- 
end  those  too  eminent  for  political  ment  to  St.  Domingo  ;  his  journey 
sagacity,  who  saw  this  brilliant  to  the  South,  to  establish  himself 
picture  in  a  very  different  light :  in  the  sovereignty  of  Italy  3  tlie  an- 
"with  them,  the  peace  was  ill-timed,  nexation,  by  private  treaty,  con- 
and  ill-framed.  While  tlieyacknow-  eluded  with  Spain  on  the  21st  of 
ledged  the  abundance  of  our  re-  March  1801,  and  which  now  be- 
sources,  and  the  high  reputaticm  of  came  public,  .of  Louisiana,  ^d 
our  fleets  and  armies,  ihey  con-  Parma  with  all  its  dependencies, 
tended  that  the  advantages  of  the  and  of  the  island  of  Elba,  so  long 
former,  and  the  victories  achieved  and  so  nobly  defended  by  British 
by  the  latter,  were  thrown  away  in  valour*;-  his  treaty  with  the  Porte, 
negotiation.  If  we  had  acquired  inimical  in  the  extreme  to  the  inter- 
territory,  it  was  at  the  expense  of  ests  of  England  in  the  Levant,  and 
our  old  allies,  whom  by  now  strip-  concluded  surreptitiously  with  that 
ping  of  a  portion  of  their  dominions,  power,  as  tiie  price  of  the  evacua-»- 
we  threw  more  completely  witliin  the  tion  of  Egypt  by  the  French  troops, 
power,  or  rather  tyranny  of  France,  at  the  moment  when,  he  knew, 
who,  on  the  contrary,  by  this  treaty  they  were  to  a  man  prisoners  to 
maintained  her  high  tone  of  imity  the  British  force  -,  in  fine,  they 
and  indivisibility;  who,  far  from  were  of  opinion,  diat  on  the  pait 
parting  with  any  thing  she  possessed  of  Bonaparte  the  peace  was  deceit- 
by  right  of  conquest  at  the  time  of  fiilai?3  hollow,  and  would  last  just 
the  signing  the  preliminaries,  was  long  enough  to  witness  the  sur- 
then,  and  since  engaged  in  adding-  render  of  our  conquests  in  all  parts 
territory  and  empire  to  her  already  of  the  world,  to  our  unrelenting 
overgrown  dominion.      Of  the  tone  enemy,  and  to  enable  him  again  to 

♦  It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  the  particulars  of  the  gallant  and  glorious  defence 
of  this  spot,  by  a  handful  of  troops,  under  the  command  of  leut.  col.  Airey,  of  the* 
fith  regiment  of  infantry,  against  an  infinitely  superior  French  force,  has  never  yet 
come  in  a  satisfactory  form  before  the  public.  That  island,  of  the  utmost  importance 
as  a  military  station,  had  by  the  bravery  and  great  exertions  of  its  small  garrison, 
composed  of  Tuscans,  Swiss,  Corsicans,  British  marines  and  seamen,  together 
with  a  few  English  merchants  who  had  been  obliged  to  quit  Leghorn,  been  just 
rendered  tenable,  when  a  suspension  of  aims  took  place,  in  consequence  of  the 
preliminary  treaty  of  peace.  The  military  open;tions  in  the  isle  of  Elba  were  the 
last  act  of  hostility  between  Great  Britain  and  France  ;  in  point  of  real  merit  they  have 
certainly  not  b«'cn  surpassed  by  any  event  of  the  war,  although  their  brilliancy  has 
been  in  a  considerable  degree  eclipsed,  and  prevented  from  exciting  that  interest  to 
which  they  were  justly  entitled,  from  having  occurred  at  a  period,  when  the  public, 
attention  was  almost  exclusively  occupied  with  the  more  agreeable  intelligence  of  the 
signature  of  pfelimjnary  articles  of  peape,  and  with  the  more  important  event  of  the 
sVTcnder  of  the  entire  French  army  in  Egypt  to  hi:>  ftiajesty';-  forces. 

3  '         '  cQxhmenc^ 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


77 


commen(!:e   war  with  incalculable, 
perhaps  irresistible  advantages.     la 
the  redtrction  of  onr  fleets  and  ai- 
mles,  a   weak  and  miserable  eco- 
nomy   was    alone    visible,    which 
would   not  only,  in  a  moment  of 
future  contest,  lay  us  at  the  mercy 
of  an  enemy,  whose  vast  projects 
and  activity   admitted  of  no   such 
measure  5  but  would,    in    such    a 
case,    induce  a   tenfold  expense  to 
replace  tliera   on  a  war  establish- 
ment.     To  the   Northern    Powers 
we  had  conceded,  under  the  name 
of  convention,  at  a  moment  when 
we   might  have    commanded    and 
obtained  concession.     Nor  did  tliey 
consider  the  repeal  of  the  hicome 
tax  as    a  measure   consistent  with 
lound  policy  or  judgment.     It  was, 
they   maintained,  a  recurrence    to 
the    already    overstrained    funding 
system,  to  tlie  unwise  and  burden- 
some mode  of  borrowing  witli  de- 
ferred   interest,    which   had    been 
abandoned  by  the  late  minister  as 
dangerous,    if    not  ruinous   in    its 
consequences  5  whereas,  by  a  manly 
pe/severance  in  the  tax,  the  public 
income   would  be,  not  only  cofti- 
mensurate  with  the  expenditure  of 
each  year,  but  the  vast  debt    in- 
curred by  the  nation  would  begin 
immediately  to  decrease,  and  at  no 
distant  period  should  we  lind  our^ 
selves   renovated  in   credit  and  in 
resources.    And  whilst  they  partici- 
pated in  the  joy  and  thankfulness 
attcni^t  on    restored    abundance, 
and    the     other  prosperous    state- 
ments, they  insisted  they  were  ad- 
ditional and   powerful  motives  for 
a  continuance  of  tlie  war,  rather 
than  that  we  should  have  submitted 
to  make  a  peace,  like  the  present, 
«o  little    to  tlie   honour    of  Great 
Britain,    wha  .  surrendered    by    it 
her  national   character^  her    good 


faith  to  her  allies^  and  her  future 
security. 

Such  was  the  opinion  of  the  few 
contrasted  with  that  of  the  many  ; 
yet  all  began  towards  tlie  middle  of 
January  to  express  surprise,  mingled 
with  impatience,  at  the  delay  of  the 
signature  of  the  definitive  treaty* 
More  than  tliree  months  had  elaps- 
ed since  the  signing  of  the  preli- 
minaries, and  still  was  the  nation 
left  in  anxiety  and  suspense  as  ta 
its  conclusion. 

I'he  situation  of  lord  Comwallts 
at  Amiens  was  awkward  in  the 
extreme,  and  suspicions  began  to 
he  entertained  tliat  he  was,  as  well 
as  the  country  he  represented,  egre- 
giously  trifled  with.  It  was  also 
doubted,  whether  the  permitting  2 
vast  armament  to  sail  from  the 
ports  of  France,  pending  the  nego- 
tiation, was  consistent  with  esta- 
blished usage  or  sound  policy ;  and 
many  w^re  of  opinion,  that  the 
being  obliged  to  dispatch  a  fleet  tcr 
tlie  West  Indies  of  men  of  war,  in 
order  to  watch  the,  motions  of  the 
French  squadron,  at  a  vast  expense 
and  inconvenience,  was  a  bad  fore- 
taste of  the  blessings  of  peace. 

In  the  mean  time  Bonaparte,  who 
appeared  to  consider  the  congress  at 
Amiens,  or  the  definitive  treaty,  as 
objects  merely  of  secondary  im- 
portance, prepared  to  set  out  for 
Lyons,  for  the  ostensiWe  purpose 
t)f  conferring  with  a  coasiderablc 
number  of  the  Cisalpine  deputies, 
but  rather,  as  it  appeared  in  the 
event,  for  the  object,  of  infinitely 
more  importance  to  him,  of  being 
invested  wltii  the  sovereignty  of 
that  country,  under  the  title  of 
president.  Mr.  Talleyrand,  the  mi* 
nister  of  strfte  for  foreign  affairs, 
preceded  him,  and  arrived  at  Lyons 
on  tlie  4tli  df  January.     He  em- 

•  'f    -  ployed 


T»        AN  NUAL    RE  G  I§t  ER,  1802, 


ployed  his  time,  in  the  interval,  be- 
tween his  arrival  and  that  of  the 
first  consul,  in  conciliating  and 
giving  several  magnificent  and  sump- 
tuous ent<irtainnients  to  the  Cisal- 
pine deputies. 

Bonaparte  left  ParPs  on  the  9th, 
at  one  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and 
reached  Lyons  on  the  night  of  the 
11th.  He  was  accompanied  o!i 
his  journey  by  madame  Bonaparte, 
Chaptal,  the  minister  of  the  inte- 
rior, and  many  other  personages  of 
tiie  first  distinction  in  France.  At 
his  approach  to  Lyons,  he  was  met 
and  escorted  by  a  brilliant  troop  of 
150  volunteers,  all  natives  of  that 
town,  young  men  of  fortune,  and 
line  appearance.  Thus  accompa- 
nied, he  entered  the  city  about 
ten  o'clock  in  the  evening,  amidst 
the  loudest  acclamations  and  the 
most  rapturous  expressions  of  uni- 
versal joy. 

On  the  gi'and  staircase  of  the  pa- 
lace, apj)ointed  for  his  residence,  the 
following  most  flattering  and   ful- 
some inscriptioti  met  his  eyes  : 
11th  January,  an.   10, 
Bonaparte, 
Vanquisher  and  pacificator. 
Arrived  in  this  city  and  lodged  in 
this  palace  j 
50O  Cisalpine  deputies  attended 
him. 
To  fix,  under  his  auspices. 
The  laws  anjd  destinies  of  their 
country. 
At  his   view 
The  arts  awoke  in  tliis  city. 
Commerce    resumes    its  ancient 
splendour. 
And  the   grateful  Lyonese,  forming 

for  him 
The  same  wish  that  their  ancestors 
did  fbr  Antonlne, 
Have  sa\d,  . 
JVIzy  his  happiness  be  CHjual  to  hi« 


f* 


i» 


The  first  consul  erhployed'  hiar 
time,  for  the  ensuing  fortnight,  irt 
publicly  visiting  the  different  ma-* 
nufacicries  arid  establishments'  df 
Lyons,  and  in  privately  conferring^ 
with  the  principal  Cisalpine  depu- 
ties. The  people  of  Lyons,  who 
had  suffered,  perhaps,  more  by  th« 
revolution  and  tlie  war  tlian  any 
other  city  in  France,  were  charmed 
with  the  attention  of  the  first  con- 
sul to  their  commercial  mterests,  and 
his  promises  of  protecticfU  and  en- 
couragement. The  Cisalpine  depu- 
ties were  also  in  die  same  time  pre-  . 
vailed  upon  to  grant,  with  a  degi'ec 
of  enthusiasm,  that  which  wa^ 
now  the  first  object  of  Bonapate*s 
ambition. 

At  tlie  hall,  where  the  consultd 
met,  a  splendid  chair  was  prepared 
for  Bonaparte,  adorned  with  mili- 
tary trophies  5  tlie  room  was  deco-' 
rated  with  various  ornaments  eni^' 
blematic  of  his  victories,  and  in-  ^ 
scril)ed  with  mottoes  applicable  to 
him  and  his  fortunes. 

The  meetings  of  the  consulta 
were  private,  and  they  at  length 
appointed  a  committee  of  tliirfy 
to  prepare  a  report  of  the  actual 
state  of  the  Cisalpine  nation,  and' 
tlie  means  necessary  for  its  future' 
prosperity  and  happiness.  This 
committee  accordingly  presented, a 
report,  such  as  might  have  been' 
expected,  declaring  it  absolutely 
necessary  that  Bonaparte  himself 
should  undertake  the  sol*  and 
exclusive  management  of  their  af- 
fairs. 

This  report  was  very  long,  and 
concluded  in  the  foUowinsc  manner: 
**  The  history  of  the  past  revolutions 
of  the  Cisalpine  republic  has  not 
been  able  to  assist  the  researches  of 
your  committee.  In  fact,  the  meu 
who  have  traversed  those  revolu- 
tioufiy  have   eillier  themselves   not 

imc4 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


79 


filletl  public  sitiiations,  and  conse- 
<]uently' cannot  be  presumed  to  be 
safficientiy  versed  in  the  always  dif- 
ficult art  of  governing  the  public 
weal ;  or  even,  allowing  that 
they  have  applied  themselves  since 
the  la.st  aera,  and  held  the  reins  of 
a  government,  agitated  as  ours  has 
been  by  conflicting  passions  and 
prejudices,  and  impelled  by  foreign 
influence,  they  have  not  liad  the 
opportunity  of  acquiring  that  high 
reputation,  which,  in  times  like 
tlis  present,  is  necessary  to  recom- 
mend men  to  public  conftdence. , 

*'  But  if,  in  spite  of  those  mi- 
merous  obstacles,  a  man  could  be 
found  among  us  capable  of  sustain- 
ing so  great  a  burden,  many  other 
and  greater  difficulties  present  ihcm- 
selves,  which  would  not  allow  ns 
to  rely  on  such  a  choice. 

"  The  Cisalpine  republic  cannot 
yet  be  entirel}'  evacuated  by  French 
troops.  ^lany  political  rea^^ons  and 
our  own  interest,  destitute  as  we 
arc  yet  of  national  troops,  do  not 
permit  it  at  this  moment. 

"  Besides,  the  Cisalpine  repub- 
lic, although  its  existence  has  been 
secured   by    the    treaties    of   To- 
lentine  and  Luneville,  cannot  hope 
by   itself,  and  from  its  own   first 
steps,  to  obtain  that  degree  of  con- 
sideration which  is   necessary  to  its 
consolidation    witlnn  and   without. 
It  has  need  of  a  support  to  cause 
jt    to   be  acknowledged    by    those 
poweri^with  whom   they  have   at 
present  no  communication.     It  has 
tfiercfore    need   of  a  man  who,   l-y 
the  ascendancy  of  his  va/ne  and  his 
power,  may   place  it  in   that  rank 
which  becomes  its  grautleur.     l*hat 
man,  however,  we  should  in  vain 
seek  for  amongst  ourselves. 


*'  To  secure  the  dignity  of  tlw 
government  against  the  approach, 
of  foreign  troops,  to  spread  a  bril- 
liancy and  grandeur  over  the  cradle 
of  the  Cisalpine  republic,  the  com- 
mittee is  arjecd,  that  it  would  be 
essential  to  the  happiness  of  the 
nation,  that  it  should  be  sustained 
in  its  tirst  moments  by  a  superior 
power  which  [X)ssesses  more  streugtli 
and  dignity  than  any  other. 

'*  In  conformity  with  those  sen- 
timents, the  ccnnmiitee  have  there- 
fore agreed,  that  if,  on  tJie  one 
side,  the  extraordinary  consulta. 
should  form  a  wish  th^t  tlie  consti- 
tution should  be  immediately  {:to- 
claimed,  acid  that  tlie  colleges,  legis- 
lators, and  other  autliorities,  should 
be  cboscn  from  among  the  mcii^ 
who  have  appeared  to  be  the  most 
worthy  of  tlicir  esteem  ;  on  the 
other  side,  it  must  ardently  \\'ish  that 
general  Bonaparte  should  please  to 
honour  4he  republic,  bv  continuinir 
to  govern  it,  and  by  associatin^j 
with  the  direction  of  the  affairs  in 
France  the  care  of  conducting  oiir 
government  -,  of  reducing  the  dif- 
ferent parts  of  our  temtory  to  a 
uniformity  of  principle,  and  of 
causing  the  Cisalpine  republic  to  be 
acknowledged  by  all  the  powers 
in  Europe*. 

"  (Signed)     Stregelii.  Sec.'* 

Such  were  the  arguments  ns€<i 
to  prevail  upon  the  willing  mind  of 
Bonaparte,  to  take  upon  himself 
the  care  and  burden  of  governing  this 
Cisalpine  nation,  which  by  thft 
treaty  of  Luneville  was  declared 
independent.  The  consulta,  how- 
ever, were  of  opinion  that  the  only 
method  to  secure  its  independence, 
was  to  submit  itself^  to  tlic;  govern- 
ment of  a  man  wliOj  by  the  asceH' 


Extract  from  fhe  proces  vcirbal  of  the  consiUtti. 


denof 


80 


ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1802. 


dency  of  his  name  oiidliispcwer,  conld 
place  it  in  that  rank  whiclv  became 
its  grandeur  j  to  look  for  a  support 
from  a  nation,  strong  enough  to 
preserve  the  dignity  of  its  govern- 
ment from  the  approach  of  foreign 
troops,  and  strong  en6\igh  to  change 
its  government  or  its  frontier  at 
pleasure. 

The  report  of  the  committee  was 
entered  in  the  proces  verbal  of  the 
consulta,  and  unanimously  agreed 
'to  by  the  Cisalpine  deputies.  A 
special  committee  was  appointed 
to  wait  on  Bonaparte  witli  the 
report,  which  invited  him,  not  in 
his  capacity  of  first  consul  of  France, 
but  personally  as  general  Bonaparte, 
to  accept  the  government  of  a  coun- 
try as  populous,  fertile,  and  rich 
in  resources,  ^s  any  of  the  states 
of  the  second  rank  in  Europe. 

The  Cisalpine  deputres,  it  must 
be  supposed,  found  no  great  diffi- 
culty in  persuading  Bonaparte  to 
accept  that,  which  was  the  undis- 
guised object  of  his  ambition,  and 
the  now  avowed  motive  of  his  jour- 
ney to  Lyons.  He,  upon  this  oc- 
casion, did  not  dissemble  j  no  min- 
cing modesty  or  aft'ected  delicacy 
caused  the  slightest  appearance  of 
hesitation  on  the  subject. 

Although  the  affairs  of  Europe 
were  quite  unsettled,  the  congress 
of  Amiens  not  yet  opened,  and  the 
question  of  the  German  indemnities 
likely  to  produce  the  most  serious 
misunderstandings,  yet  he  boldly 
ventured  to  take  upon  himself  the 
government  of  a  country  that  Europe 
expected  would  hdve  been  left  to 
itself,  and  certainly  not  have  b'eeh 
added  formally  to  the  already  enor- 
mous bulk  of  Bonaparte's  western 
empire. 

On  the  26th  of  Jan.  the  first  con- 
sul^ accompanied  by  the  jjunister  for 


foreign  affairs,  and  the  minister  of 
the  interior,  four  counsellors  of 
state,  twenty  prefects  of  depart- 
ments, and  a  vast  ti'ain  of  general 
officers,  took  his  seat  at  the  Cisal- 
pine con  suit  a,  and  pronounced  in 
his  native  language,  Italian,  a  speech 
to  the  following  effect : 

"  That  the  Cisalpine  republic,  ac- 
knowledged since  the  treaty  of 
Campo  Formio,  has  already  expe- 
rienced many  vicissitudes. 

"  The  first  efforts  made  to  con** 
stitute  it  have  badly  succeeded. 

''  Invaded  since  by  hostile  armies, 
its  existence  seemed  no  longer  pro- 
bable, when  the  French  people,  a 
second  time  drove,  by  force  of  arms, 
your  enemies  from  your  territories. 
Since  that  time  every  means  has 
been  tried  to  divide  you. —The 
protection  of  France  has  prevailed, 
you  have  been  recognized  at  Lune- 
viDe. 

"  Increased  one  fifth,  you  exist 
more  powerful,  more  consolidated, 
and  with  better  hopes  !! 

"  Composed  of  six  different  na- 
tions, you  are  now  going  to  be 
united  under  a  constitution  more 
adapted  to  your  manners  and  your 
circumstances. 

'*  I  have  assembled  you  around 
me  at  Lyons,  as  being  the  principal 
inhabitants  of  the  Cisalpine.  You 
have  given  me  the  necessary  in- 
formation for  fulfilling  the  august 
task  which  my  duty  imposed  upon 
me,  as  the  first  magistrate  of  the 
French  people,  and  as  the  man 
who  has  most  contributed  to  your 
creation. 

*'  The  choices  which  I  have 
made  to  fill  the  first  magisterial 
offices  m  your  country  are  com- 
pletely independent  of  all  idea  of 
party,  of  all  spirit  of  locality. 

"As  to  that  of  president,  /  have 

not 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


81 


not  found  any  hody  among  you,  who 
would  have  sufficient  claim  to-  the 
public  opinion,  who  would  be  suf- 
ficiently independent  of  the  spirit 
of  locality,  and  who  in  fine  had 
rendered  great  services  enough  to 
his  country  to  entrust  it  to  him. 

"  The  proces  verbal  which  you 
have  caused  to  be  transmitted  to 
me  by  yoiir  committee  of  thirty, 
in  which  are  analyzed,  with  equal 
precision  and  trutli,  the  internal 
and  external  circumstances  of  your 
country,  have  made  a  lively  im- 
pression upon  me.  I  adhere  to 
your  wish.  I  shall  still  preserve, 
as  long  as  circumstances  may  re- 
quire it,  the  great  care  of  your 
atfairs. 

*^  Amid  the  continual  cases  which 
the  post  I  occupy  require,  every 
thing  which  may  relate  to  you  and 
consolidate  your  existence  and  your 
prosperity,  shall  not  be  foreign 
from  the  dearest  affections  of  my 
heart. 

"  You  have  had  as  yet  only  parti- 
cular laws  ;  in  future  you  must  have 
general  laws. 

*'  Your  people  have  only  local 
habits  j  they  must  assume  national 
habits. 

"  Finally,  you  have  no  army  5 
the  powers  who  might  become 
your  enemies  have  strong  arniies  : 
but  you  have  tliat  which  can  pro- 
duce them,  a  numerous  population, 
fertile  countries,  and  the  example, 
which  has  been  giv^n  in  all  the 
essential  circumstances  hy  tlie  first 
nation  in  Europe." 

This  mandatory  oration  of  the 
first  consul,  interrupted  at  the  end 
of  each  sentence  by  loud  applause, 
was  followed  by  the  reading  of  the 
constitution.  At  the  moment  it 
was  about  to  be  read,  the  general 
inclination    of   the   assembly    ex- 

VoL.  XUV. 


pressed  a  wish  to  change  the  name 
of  the  Cisalpine  for  that  of  the 
Italian  republic.  The  first  consul 
appeared  to  yield  to  the  general 
desire. 

The  constitution  was  then  read, 
which  consisted  of  128  articles, 
and  was  reduced  under  fifteen' ti- 
tles. 

Bv  the  first,  the  Roman  catho- 
lie  religion  is  declared  to  be  the 
religion  of  the  state. 

llie  government  of  the  country 
is  vested  in  a  president,  appointed 
for  ten  years  -,  or,  in  his  absence, 
tlie  vice-president,  tlie  consulta  of 
state,  and  a  legislative  trouncil.  A 
legislative  body  of  seventy- five 
members  are  to  discuss  and  decide 
respecting  those  laws  which  the  le- 
gislative council  shall  propose. 

The  members  of  the  legislative 
body,  as  well  as  of  the  consulta  of 
state,  and  of  the  tribunals  of  revi- 
sion and  cassation,  are  to  be  chosen 
by  three  electoral  collegc-s  constituted 
for  that  purpose. 

The  first  college  is  of  possiden- 
Ti,  or  landed  proprietors.  This 
college  is  to  consist  of  300  mem- 
bers, having  a  qualification  of  (iOOO 
livres  a  year. 

The  second  college  is  of  dotti, 
or  of  the  learned.  It  consists  of 
200  individuals  selected  from  those 
who  are  most  distinguished  in  sci- 
ence, or  in  the  liberal  and  mecha- 
nical arts. 

I'he  third  college  is  di  commer.^ 
canti,  or  the  tradesmen  j  is  to  con- 
sist of  200,  selected  from  the 
most  skilful  merchants  and  manu- 
facturers. 

The  seat  of  the  legislation  was 
permanently  established  at  Milan.^^ 

These  are  the  only  distinguishing 
features  of  the  constitution  of  the 
Italian  republic  worth  recording. 
G  After 


82  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

After  the  reading  of  the  consti-  Louisiana   to   France,    and  by   tha 

tution,  tlie  names  of  the  members  arrangements  of  which  treaty,  the 

of  the    colleges,    and    of  the    go-  dutchy  of  Parma,    and    the    island 

vemment,  were  read  over.  of  Elba,    were  also  to    belong  tQ 

The  members  of  the  government  that  nation,  at  the  decease  of  the 

were  as  follow :  reigning  dake  of  Parma,  an  event 

Bonaparte,  president.  '  confidendy  looked    for  at  no  long 

Melzi,  vice-president.  interval. 

Guicciardi,  sec.  of  state.  These    enormous    accessions    oi 
Spinocchi,  grand  judge.  power  whicli  France  had  made  in 
The  first  consul  then  invited  the  the  very  commencement  of  peacCjj 
vice-president   to  place  himself  by  together  with    tlie    uqexpected  de- 
his  side  ;  he  took  him  by  the  hapd  lays  which  took  place  at  tlie  con- 
and  embraced  him.     The  assembly  gress  of  Amiens,  and  which  were 
appeared  grateful  for   tliis   sponta-  entirely  im[nited  lo  the  French  go- 
neous  luark   of  atiection.     Citizen  vernmcnt,  caused  the  greatest  un- 
Piina  then  said,  ''If  the  hand  that  easiness  thioughout  the  British  em- 
Jias   created  and  defended  us  will  pire,  and  excited  tlie  most  univer-; 
guide  us,  no  obstacle  can  stop  us,  sal  indignation.     In  Germany,   tlic 
and  our  confidence  will  be   equal  aftairs  of   the   indemnities   to    tlic 
i^^  that  admiration  witli  which  the  different    princes    for    their    losses 
hero  to  whom  we  owe  our  happi-  went     on     but     slowly.      Austria 
Dcss  inspires  us."  (whose  compensations  for  her  vast 
llie  iirst  consul  tlien   broke   up  losses  were  not  to  be    at   all   pro- 
the  sitting  and  retired  to  his  palace  portionate    either    to    them,    or  to 
amid  the  loudest  acclamations.  those  of  the  powers  who  were  tho 
I'he  object  of  the  visit  to  Lyons  friends  of  France,)  was  confessedly 
being  tlms  attained,  the  first  consul  careless   and   dilatory   in    its    pro- 
returned  to  Paris,  where  he  arrived  ceedings.    The  French  government, 
on  the  30th.     Azarra,  the  Spanish  then  occupied  with  the  consulta  at 
minister,  had  arrived  at  Amiens  on  Lyons,    and    the    definitive    treaty 
the  29th.  with  England^  seemed  content,  for 
This    important    transaction    at  a  short  timeJ^  to  leave  the  German 
Lyons  having  terminated  so  com-  empire  to  itself,  and  not  to  inter- 
pletely   to    the  satisfaction  of  tlie  fere  in   tlic  internal   regulation  of 
French  government,   it  should  seem  its    affairs.     After  the    acquisitioa 
that  it  had  now  some  time  to  spare  of   Lombardy,    the    court  of   the 
for  attending    to   the  points  to  be  Thuillcries  had  no  object  so  inter- 
discussed  at  Amiens.  esting  before  it  as  the  congress  at 
Another  circumstance  transpired  Amiens,  and  the  consequences  which 
in  the  course  of  the  month  of  Ja-  it  calculated  must  result   from  thq 
nuary,  which  developed  most  alarm-  restoration  of  tlie  peace. 
ingly  the  extent  of  Gallic  ambition.  In   tlie  mean   time,    tlie    month 
and  which  altered  most  materially  of  January  1802  had    seen   added 
the  basis  on  wliich  the  preliminary  to   the  French   empire,  either  im- 
articles  of  peace  were  signed.     A  mediately  or  in  reversion,  the  coun- 
treaty  was  otiicially  published,  which  tries  of  Lombardy,  Louisiana^  Par- 
had  been  concluded  in  March  1801,  ma,  and  the  island  of  Elba, 
at  Madrid,  by  which   Spain  ceded 

CHAP. 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.  83 


CHAP.    viir. 

Remarks  on  the  Stale  qf  France  suhscquc/it  to  her  recent  yfcquisitions.--^ 
Her  clandestine  Treaties  with  S/jo'm — Portugal — and  the  Portc."'^ 
Her  had  Faith  therein. — Return  of  the  First  Consul  to  Paris — great 
St{ite  assumed  by  him — despotic  Conduct  and  Caprice. — Interference 
with  Switzerland,  Pays  de  Faud,  and  the  Valais. — Projects  for  the 
Revival  of  Commerce,  Manufactures,  and  the  Arts,  in  France, — 
General  Le  Clercs  Dispatches. — Gantbeaumes  Squadron  sails  for  St, 
Domingo. — Proceedings  of  the  Consulta  laid  before  the  Diet  at  Ratis- 
Ion. — Delays  at  Amiens — British  Armaments  in  consequence. — SigJiiwg 
jof  the  Definitive  Treaty — Domestic  Events  to  that  Period, — Articles 
of  the  Treaty  of  Amiens. — Accession  of  Sweden  aJid  Denmark  to  tkt 
Russian  Convention. — Armed  Neutrality  abandoned. 

THE   course  which   tlie   affairs  it  as  much  as  'possible  from  falling 

of  die   Cisalpine  had   taken,  into  the  hands  of  eitlier  of  the  riviU 

and    tlie  great  increase  which  the  powers. 

empire  of  Bonaparte  had  received  It  was  upon  this  principle,  that 

by  the    accession  of  such  a  terri-  altliough   the  inland  was  to  be  re-» 

tory,    not  only    altered   most    ma-  stored  to  the  Order  of  St.  John  of 

terially    the   relative     situation    of  Jerusalem,  yet  it  was  stipulated  that 

France,  from  the   time  of  signing  there  should  be  neitlier  an  English 

the  preliminaries,  but  direcdy  ope-  nor  a  French  languc  subsisting  at 

rated  upon  the  very  foundation  of  Malta.     The  langues  of  those  na- 

one  of  the  most  important  articles  tions  were  to  be  suppressed,  and  in 

pf  that  arrangement.  their  place  a  Maltese  langue  was  to 

The  possession  of  the  island  of  be  created,  whose  knights  were  to 

Malta   had   appeared   to  both   the  b6  chosen  from  the  principal  inha- 

contracting  parties  as  an  object  of  bitants  and  merchants  of  the  island. 

the    first  -  rate    importance.      The  Neither  French  troops  nor  British 

agreement   between    England   and  were  to  be  admitted  in  the  garrisons 

France  was,  that  it  should  be  neu-  of  the  different  forts ;  but  as  the  pe- 

tral,  and  its   neutrality  was   to  be  riod  fixed  forits  evacuation  was  short, 

secured  by  every  precaution  tliat  it  and  it  was  not  likely  diat  a  Maltese 

was  possible  to  take.  army  could  be   so    speedily  formed 

All   the  great  powers  of  Europe  as  should  be  powerful  enough  to  se- 

were   invited   to   the  guarantee   of  cure,  in  every  event,  the  neutrality  of 

this    neutrality,    and    it    was   also  theisland,  it  was  agreed  that  it  should 

setded  that    the   internal  organiza-  be  garrisoned  by  Nectpolitan  troops^ 

tion  of  the  island  for  its  own   de-  until,  in  the  judgment  of  the  gua- 

fence  should  be  such  as  to  secure  rantying  powers,  it  should  have  a 

G  2  forde 


84  ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

force  of   its    own  adequate  to  -its  being  able  to  preserve  either  indc-  , 

defence.  pendcnce  or  neutrality  ;  he  must  be 

At  the  time  of  the  preliminary  subservient  to  the  dictates  of  Bo- 
articles  this  arrangement  seemed  as  uaparte,  and,  therefore,  the  ad- 
good  a  one  as  could  be  made  for  mission  of  a  Neapolitan  garrison  in 
prescnlng  the  neutrality  of  tlie  Malta  was  nearly  the  same  thing  as 
island.  the  admisftion  of  one  from  France, 

If  it  had  been  gaitisoned  by  Rus-  as  it  must,  to  all  intents  and  pur- 
sian  troops,  it  would  have  been  poses,  act  ils  a  French  garrison,' 
to  surrender  tlie  island  to  Russia  -,  whenever  the  pleasure  of  Bonaparte 
but  the  possession  of  Malta  by  the  should  be  such.  In  all  those  points 
king  of  Naples  gave  no  alarm  or  of  view,  the  assumption  of  the  so- 
uneasiness  to  any  power,  and  at  the  vereignty  of  those  countries  by  Bo- 
time  of  signing  the  preliminaries,  naparie,  altered  most  mat«  rially  the 
Naples  appeared  as  likely  to  remain  basis  on  which  the  preliminary  treaty 
a^  neutral   power  as   any  other   in  was  founded . 

Europe.  The  treaty  of  Luneville  ex-  Even  the  alteration'  of  the  name 
pressly  guarantied  and  declared  that  of  the  new  republic  appeared  of  great 
the  Cisalpine  republic  should  be  an  consequence,  as  developing  in  some 
independent  state  :  had  it  been  suf-  degree  the  ulterior  projects  of  Bona- 
fered  to  retain  any  form  of  an  in-  parte.  While  this  slate  retained  the 
dependent  government,  unconnect-  name  of  Cisalpine,  its  boundaries 
ed  with  France,  (except  as  a  weak  seemed  ascertained  by  the  treaty  of 
ally,  which  .mi>ht,  in  extreme  dan-  Luneville;  but  when  it  assumed  the 
gers,  claim  the  protection  of  that  name  of  the  Italian  republic,  and 
state  which  had  given  to  it  a  poli-  Bonaparie  himself  was  tlie  presi- 
tical  existence,)  in  such  case,  the  dent  of  it,  no  bounds  or  limits 
king  of  Naples  might  be  well  con-  could  be  set  to  it,  save  the  geo- 
sidered  as  an  independent  and  neu-  graphical  definition  of  Italy  itself  -, 
tral  sovereign,  under  whose  pro-  the  bounds  of  the  Italian  republic, 
tection  the  island  of  Malta  might  under  his  presidency,  must  be  com- 
enjoy  that  neutrality,  which  it  was  mensurate  with  his  ambition.  For  - 
the  professed  object  of  both  the  tlie  present,  tliere  was  nothing  in 
contracting  parties  to  secure.  As  Italy  which  could  oppose  his  pro- 
long as  any  independent  states  jects,  and  it  did  not  appear  un- 
were  suifered  to  exist  between  likely  that  all  Italy  was  destined  to 
France  and  Naples,  so  long  might  be  swallowed  up  in  this  Italian  ra- 
the king  of  Naples  be  considered,  public.  This  was  not  the  only 
in  some  degree,  as  an  independent  circumstance  which  occurred  be- 
sovcreign,  and  one  likely  to  pre-  tween  the  signing  of  the  prehminaries 
serve  his  neutrality }  but,  from  the  and  of  the  definitive  treaty,  which 
moment  tliat  Bopflparle  openly  deeply  aliected  tlie  minds  and  the 
seized  for  himself,  and  in  his  own  opinions  of  the  people  of  Great 
name,  all    the   north  of  Italy,  and  Britain. 

extended   his  empire   to   the    very  A  day  or  two  after  the  signing  of 

frontiers  of  tlie  Neapolitan  territory,  the  prejiminaries  at   London,  was 

from  that  moment  there  could   be  received,  in  that  city,  the  news  of 

no  hopes  of  tlie  king  of  Naples  tlie  surrender  of  Alexandria,  and  thnt 

of 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


85 


of  the  French  army  in  Egj'^pt.  It 
was  firmly  believed  that  the  French 
government  had  earlier  intelligence 
of  this  event  than  we  had,  and 
careftilly  concealed  it  till  we  had 
signed  the  ti*eaty.  Although,  per- 
haps, in  strict  justice,  both  the 
parties  to  a  contract  are  bound  to 
inform  the  other  of  any  very  mate- 
rial circumstance  \vhich*happens  in 
the  mean  time,  yet  the  wisiies  of 
the  ministers  of  this  country  were 
so  ardent  for  peace,  that  they  did 
not  think  a  litde  diplomatic  ad- 
vantage of  that  sort  worthy  their 
attention.  The  first  article,  there- 
fore, of  the  preliminary  treaty, 
'.*  Egypt  shall  be  evacuated,"  which, 
under  the  actual  circumstances,  was 
a  complete  and  most  important 
cession  on  our  part,  the  French 
took  credit  for,  in  the  treaty,  as  if 
the  cession  had  been  on  their  side.. 
No  sooner  had  the  preliminaiy  ar- 
ticles been  received  at  Paris,  than 
some  more  treaties  of  peace,  which 
monsieur  Talleyrand  (the  French 
minister  for  foreign  affairs)  had 
probably  deposited  upon  a  shelf  in 
his  bureau,  were  announced  with 
equal  solemnity,  by  a  grand  dis- 
charge of  artillery  and  an  illumina- 
tion. 

Among  tliose  treaties  were  one 
wfth  the  Ottoman  Porte,  and  ano- 
ther with  Portugal.  In  our  treaty, 
as  an  equivalent  for  the  vast  colo- 
nial restitutions  we  made  to  France 
and  her  allies,  \vt  had  expressly  sti- 
pulated for  the  integrity  of  the  ter- 
ritory of  those  powers,  and  the 
evacuation  of  the  kingdom  of  Na- 
ples; bat  although  the  negotiation 
at  London  lasted  a  considerable 
time,  and  France  expressly  stated 
those  cessions  to  our  allies  as  equi- 
yalents  for  the  cessions  we  had 
agreed  to  m^ke  to  her  and  to  her 


allies,  yet,>  when  the  preliminaries 
were  signed,  and  she  had  calcu- 
lated that  the  English  ministiy 
w^ould  rather  submit  to  be  so 
imposed  upon  than  recede  from 
them,  she  produced  tlie  underhand, 
clandestine,  and  fraudulent  treaties 
that  she  had  been  making  at  the 
same  time  separately  with  our  allies. 

By  those  treaties,  the  Porte  had 
engaged  that  the  French  should  be 
on  an  equality  with  the  most  favoured 
nation  throughout  the  whole  extent 
of  the  Turkish  empire,  and  conse- 
quently that  the  best  of  her  alliea 
should  not,  even  in  a  commercial 
view,  be  more  favoiu*ed  than  tlio^c 
who,  without  provocation,  invaded 
and  plundered  its  dominions. 

In  the  separate  treaty  wnth  Por-^ 
tugnl,  that  power"  was  to  cede 
to  France  all  Portugueze  Guiana, 
as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Amazons.  This  cession  would  have 
opened  for  the  Frencii  a  way  in- 
to the  heart  of  South  America. 
France,  also,  upon  this  occasion, 
announced  an  underhand  treaty  she 
had  concluded  a  year  before  with 
Spain,  by  which  she  was  to  add 
tp  her  own  territories,  Ix>uisiana, 
Parma,  and  the  island  of  Elba. 

The  publication  of  these  clandes- 
tine treaties  exhibited,  in  so  strong 
a  point  of  view,  the  bad  faith  and 
boundless  ambition  of  tlie  French 
government,  diat  many  of  those, 
who  die  most  warmly  supported 
the  preliminary  articles,  began  to 
consider  that  it  was  .hardly  possible 
under  such  circumstances  to  preserve 
pence  with  honour,  and  felt  perfecdy 
prepared  for  whatever  turn  the  nego- 
tiation for  a  definitive  peace  might 
take. 

The  French  government,    from 
the   first  •  signature    of    the    preli- 
minaries,   seemed    to    understand 
G  3  .  perfectly 


86  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

I 

perfectly  tliat    peace*  was  entirely  boundary.      Although  (in   tlie  r6« 

in    rhe'rr    hands ;    tliey    therefore,  gular  order  of  narration)    this  cir- 

witJiout    hesitation,  exposed    tlieir  cumstante,  which  formed  a  promi- 

whole   fleet    in  the   expedition    to  nent  feature  in  tlie  negotiations  at 

St.    Domingo,    while  at   the  con-  Amiens,  should  be  postponed  until 

gress    of  Amiens    they    contested  tlie  whole  result  of  the  congress  was 

every  point,  and  seemed  only  de-  stated,    yet  this   single   point  may 

sirous   of  ascertaining  how    many  be  sufficient  to  illustrate  the  spirit 

impositions,   aggressions,    and  acts  which  animated  both  the  contract- 

of   insolence    the   British    govern-  ing  parties  Hi  the  time  of  the  open- 

ment  would  bear,  before  they  would  ing  the  congress.     France,  from  tht 

finally  break  off  the   negotiations,  moment    tlie     preliminaries    were 

The  government  of  France  ran  no  signed,  considered  herself  as  secure 

risk,  for  as  all  their  additional  de-  of  peace ;    she  ventured  immedi- 

mands  were  most  exorbitant    and  ately  her  fleets  upon  the  ocean,  and 

unjust,  they  had  nothing  to  do  but  produced  tliose  treaties  which  had 

to  recede  a  little  when  they  found  been  for  a  long  time  most  carefully 

British  patience  could  bear  no  more,  concealed.    She  eitlier,  with  justice. 

In  this  manner,  the  agreement  with  relied  on  tlie  good  faith  and  since- 

respect   to   Portugal  was   compro-  rity  of  Great   Britain,   or  else  she 

mised.     By  the  preliminaries,    the  supposed  that  it   must  have  been 

integrity    of  tlie    Portugueze    ter-  fear,  or  a  failure  of  resources,  or 

ritories  was  to    be  preserved,   and  the  determination  of  tlie  British  mi- 

for  this  article  we  paid  an  exorbi-  nisters   to  sacrifice   all    for  peace, 

tant  price  in  colonial  cessions.    But  which  could  alone  have  induced  the 

hardly     were    those    preliminaries  administration   of   this   country  to 

signed,    when  the  French  govern-  accede    to    them.     It  is    probable 

ment  produced  an  underhand  treaty  that  tlie  latter    opinion  was    that 

which   they  had    negotiated    with  of   the    French    government,    for 

Portugal  separately,  by  which  they  from  the  signing  of  the  prelimina- 

were  to  be  paid  a  second  time  for  ries   tliey   acted  without  the  least 

what    tliey  had  ceded,    and,  as  if  resene,  as  if  indeed  we  had  been 

that  were  not  enough,  they  were  also  a  conquered  nation,  and  that  there 

to  receive  the  Portugueze  Guiana,  was  no  power  existing  which  could 

This  breach  of  good  faith  was  not  check    its    encroachments.      The 

only  a  robbery  on  Portugal,  but  a  English  government,   on  the  other 

direct   insult   to    this    country^    it  hand,  sincere  in  the  desire  of  peace, 

"was  felt  as  such  by  die  people,  and  and  overrating  the  power  of  the  ene- 

the  French  government  were  oblig-  my  as  much  as  she  herself  was  un- 

cd  to  recede  so  far  as  to  compro-  derrated  by  him,  was  ready  to  ac* 

raise    the    affair  in   the  following  cede  to  any   tenns,   even  such  as 

manner :  England  was  not  to  insist  could  hardly  consist  with  her  secuf 

on  the  absolute  integrity  of  tlie  do-  rity  or  her  honoury  and  was  more 

minions  of  the  queen  of  Portugal,  inclined  to  submit  to  a  few  impo-' 

nor  was  France  to  take  aU  Guiana  sit  ions  than  to  break  off  the  treaty 

at   present ;    instead  of   the    river  akogetlier.     Such  were  the  mutual 

Amazons,  the  Arowari,  which  comes  dispositions  of  the  high  contracting 

within  fifty  miles  of  it,  was  to  be  the  parties  at  tiie  congress  of  Amiens. 

i  la 


I-nSTORY    OP    EUROPE.  87 

In  the  mean  time  Bonaparte  was  country,  as  well  as  Italy,  he  from 
solicitous  to  procure  tlie  formal  henceforward  seemed  to  consider 
tonsent  of  all  the  great  powers  of  as  his  patrimonial  property.  His 
>Europe  to  the  step  he  had  taken  in  return  from  Lyons  was  announced 
Italy.  He  lost  no  time  in  announc-  at  Paris  by  repeated  discharges  of 
ing  the  result  of  the  consulta  at  artillery  (a  compliment  which  none 
LyoHs.  To  the  king  of  Prussia,  of  the  ancient  monarchs  of  France 
who  was  entirely  in  the  French  in-  ever  required),  and  flom  tlie  mo- 
terest,  (as  hoping,  by  Bonaparte's  ment  of  his  return  he  affected  a 
alliance,  that  under  the  name  of  greater  degree  of  state  and  cere- 
Indemnities  he  should  be  enabled  mony,  and  kept  his  generals,  who 
to  seize  upon  the  best  parts  of  G^r-  were  formerly  his  intimate  compa- 
many,)  directed  his  ambassador  at  nions,  at  a  most  respectful  dis- 
Paris    to    convey  his  most  cordial  tance. 

Congratulations  on  ihe  subject,  while  fiy  whatever  title  he  intended  to 
Austria,  in  more  qualified  language,  govern  France,  he  resolved  ^to  go- 
expressed  that  she  felj:  a  most  lively  vern  it  absolutely,  and  settle  the 
interest  in  the  event  5  the  term  was  government  in  his  family  as  a  new 
somewhat  ambiguous,  and  there  dynasty.  He  not  only  took  upon 
fcan  be  little  doubt  but  that  himself  the  state  of  a  sovereign, 
Austria  must  ha\^e  felt  deeply  af-  but  exercised  a  power  more  arbi- 
fected  at  such  an  accession  of  traiy  than  ever  had  been  exercised 
pbwer  to  so  fomiidable  a  rival,  and  by  the  former  kings  of  France. 
•«io  palpable  a  violation  of  tlie  treaty  Laharpe>  a  distinguished  veteran  of 
ofLuneyilJe;  for  as  by  that  treaty  French  literature,  and  who  had 'the 
the  Cisalpine  republic  Was  declared  highest  name  and  reputation  as  an 
independent,  the  emperor  of  Ger-  author,  at  the  age  of  seventy,  of- 
many  had  himself  as  niuch  right  fended  his  consular  majesty,  by  ex- 
to  tdke  the  sovereignty  of  the  pressing  himself  freely  of  the  go- 
'country  as  Bonaparte.  Right,  vern  ment  before  a  company  of  old 
however,  among  nations,  has  al-  ladies  5  he  was  immediately  banish- 
ways  yielded,  and  must  ever  yield,  ed  from  Paris.  Madame  Damas, 
to  si^erior  force.  The  emperor  and  some  otlier  females  of  those 
tvas  in  no  condition  to  support  his  coteries,  were  also  banished.  Duval, 
guarantee  of  the  independence  of  the  author  of  a  piece  called  '*  Ed- 
the  Cisalpine  republic,  and  there-  ward  in  Scotland,"  (which,  from 
fore  he  was  obliged  to  submit,  some  supposed  similitude  between 
Russia  received  this  communication  the  fortunes  o£  the  houses  of  Stuart 
without  any  appar(int  satisfaction  ^  and  Bourbon,  was  most  favourably 
or  displeasure,  and  England  alon^  received  by  the  royalists,)  was  also 
tould  not  or  would  not  interfere  banished,  and  it  was  expected  he 
to  alter  the  airangements  on  the  would  be  sent  to  Guiana :  but  he 
tontinent.  was,  at  length,  at  the  earnest  entrea- 

The  ambition  of  Bonaparte  was  ties  of  mademoiselle  Beauharnois  (the 

by  no  means  satisfied  with  his  Ita-  daughter   of   madame  Bonaparte), 

lian  honours  5    he  now  openly  as-  permitted  to  return.   Nothiag  could 

sumed  the  most  arbitrary  and  ab-  more  strongly  show  how  completely 

solute    power    in    France,    which  tlie  personal  liberty  of  every  indi- 

G  4^  vidua! 


88 


ANNUAL     REGISTER,    1802. 


vidiial  in  France  was  unprotected 
by  any  law,  than  those  instances. 
if  such  sentences  of  banishment 
were  complelely  arbitrary,  the  par- 
dons which  followed  were  equally 
so.  The  caprice  of  the  moment, 
and  the  effect  of  female  solicitation, 
at  length  restored  those  authors  to 
their  families,  but  the  circumstance 
proved,  that  not  a  vejitige  of  civil 
liberty  remained  in  France.  Not 
only  individuals,  but  the  public 
bodies,  which  he  had  himself  con- 
stituted, felt  the  effects  of  his  dis- 
pleasure, when  they  ventured  to 
offend  him.  It  w^  not  to  be  ex- 
pected that  general  Bonaparte,  -who, 
wifh  the  bavonets  of  his  grenadiers, 
destroyed  the  former  constitution 
of  France,  and  turned  out  the  re- 
presentatives chosen  by  the  nation, 
would  suffer  any  serious  opposition 
from  persons  named  by  himself. 
Notwithstanding  tlie  improbability 
of  success,  a  number  of  men  of 
great  talents,  both  in  the  tribunat, 
and  in  the  legislative  council, 
plainly  expressed  their  wishes  for 
the  establishment  of  civil  liberty 
and  law  in  France :  they  talked  of 
the  restoration  of  the  freedom  of 
the  press,  as  a  thing  absolutely 
necessary,  and  had  even  tlie  cou- 
rage  to  reject  a  civil  code  pre- 
sented by  Bonaparte,  which  was 
full  of  absurdity  and  tyrannical 
enactments.  The  rejection  of  this 
code  violently  enraged  Bonaparte  5 
he  testified  his  displeasure  by  ob- 
servations which  were  not  even 
bounded  by  the  common  rules  of 
decorum,  and  soon  found  means 
to  show  those  bodies  that  they 
must,  for  the  future,  be  more  sub- 
ordinate to  his  will,  than  ever  the 
parliament  of  Paris,  or  the  provin- 
cial parliaments,  were  to  the  vene- 
Vdible  pristine  sovereigns  of  France. 


By  the  constitution  which  had  been 
made  for  the  regulation  of  the 
French  government,  one  fifth  of 
tliose  bodies  were  to  go  out  annu- 
ally by  ballot,  and  he  took  care  so 
to  manage  it.,  that  every  man  of 
talents,  in  either  of  the  assemblies, 
who  appeared  averse  from  his  pro- 
jects, should  be  removed  from  the 
councils.  Among  tliose  who  were 
removed  this  year,  was  Chenier, 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  of. 
the  jacobin  party,  the  celebrated 
author  of  the  Marseillois  Hymn, 
and  most  of  the  patriotic  songs- 
which  came  out  during  the  revo- 
lution, and  contributed  a  great  deal 
towards  it.  Bailleul,  one  of  the 
most  able  politicians  in  France, 
DaunoH,  author  of  tlie  constitution, 
Barthelenty,  and  Benjamin  Con- 
stant, were  also  removed.  Benja- 
min Constant  was  a  young  man^ 
possessed  of  the  most  commanding 
eloquence.  He,  always,  in  the  tri- 
bunat professed  to  be  unwilling, 
during  the  war,  to  check  or  thwart 
the  measures  of  government.  He 
always  spoke  of  his  country  as 
being  then,  as  it  were,  in  a  state 
of  siege,  and  that,  therefore,  a  tem- 
poraiy  surrender  of  its  liberties  and 
la^vs  might  be  made  5  but  whenever 
he  spoke  widi  hope  of  the  retura 
of  peace,  it  was  principally  on  the 
ground  that,  when  that  so  m\ich 
wished  for  event  should  take  place, 
the  military,  as  well  as  the  revo- 
lutionary system,  might  for  ever 
cease,  and  that  the  empire  of  ra- 
tional liberty  and  the  law  might 
be  established  in  their  place.  Sucli 
sentiments,  boldly  avowed  by  a 
legislator  of  the  most  consummate 
talents,  gave  hopes  of  better  times 
to  the  true  republicans  in  France  y 
but  to  Bonaparte's  government  they 
were  exceeding  dangerous  5  usurped 

and 


HISTORY     OF    EUROPE. 


89 


and  despotic  power  could  never 
stand  the  test  of  cool  and  free 
discussion,  in  times  of  peace.  Bo- 
naparte was  well  aware  of  this., 
and  therefore,  in  every  constitution 
he  ever  made  for  any  country,  he 
laid  it  down  as  the  first  principle, 
that  the  legislative,  or  mock  repre- 
sentative body,  must  never  originate 
any  thing,  must  never  discuss  any 
point  but  what  the  government 
should  send  to  them  for  discussion, 
or  rather  for  their  acceptance.  Be- 
lides  this  precaution,  he  show'ed 
them,  ■  in  tl:ie  present  instance,  that 
he  had  reserved  to  himself  power 
at  any  time  to  check  die  ebullitions 
of  public  spirit  in  any  of  those  as- 
semblies. "Whoever  ventured  to 
displease  him  might  be  certnin  of 
being  displaced  at  the  end  of  the 
year,  and  of  never  again  resuming 
his  seat. 

This  was  a  stretch  of  absolute 
dominion,  more  absolute,  perhaps, 
than  had  ever  been  assumed  by 
any  executive  power  over  its  senate. 
The  senators  of  Rome,  and  the 
members  of  die  parliament  of  Paris, 
had  their  seats  for  life,  and' there- 
fore could  and  often  did  display 
some  spirit  of  independence ;  but 
by  the  French  constitution,  as  it 
now  stands,  tlie  political  existence 
of  a  senator  ceases,  from  the  time 
he  has  displeased  the  government. 
After  those  expulsions,  the  first 
consul  had  an  easy  and  complying 
senate,  who  were  ready  to  accept 
his  civil  code,  or  any  other  code 
he  should  present  them,  his  legion 
of  honour,  or  any  project  that 
came  into  his  head,  however  absurd 
or  unjust.  The  pubHc  bodies  dared 
no  longer  express  a  sentiment  of 
freedom,  and  if  any  Individual  ven- 
tured either  "to  converse  or  write 
with  freedom,  the  exaniples  of  La- 


harpe,  and  of  the  author  of  '*  Ed- 
ward in  Scotland,'*  held  out  suffi- 
cient terrors.  An  imprudent  word 
might  send  the  father  of  a  family  to 
Guiana,  and  it  could  not  reasonably 
be  exjx'cted  tliat  mademoiselle  Beaii- 
harnois  w  ould  always  undertake  to 
solicit  pardon  for  those  who  oifended 
tlu*  first  consul. 

Bonapart6  having  thus   triimiph- 
antly  terminated   the  bloqdless  con- 
quest of  the  fairest  portion  of  Italy  ; 
having,  without    the  slightest   idea 
that  it  would  give  the  British  minis- 
try any   uneasiness,  announced  to 
the    world     tlie    secret     treaty   of 
M:irch  1801,  concluded  with  Spain, 
by  whiclv  Louisiana,  tlie  dominions 
of  the  duke  of  Parrna,  and  the  im- 
portant station  in  the  Mediteiranean, 
tlie  island  of  Elba,  were  irrevocably 
united  as  component  parts  of  his  em- 
pire j  the  clandestine  treaties  with 
Portugal  and  with  the  Porte  j  having 
sent  the  largest  armament  which  ever 
sailed  for  the  new  world,  to  secure 
tlie  old  dominion  of  France,  and  to 
take  possession  of  its  new  acquisi- 
tions, even  before  he  had  concluded 
peace  with  Great  Britain  ;    it  might 
be  supposed  that  such  uncontrolled, 
unquestioned,  and  complete  display 
of  power   and    policy    would  have 
checked  the  restless  activity  of  his 
mind,  and  diat  he  now  would  relax 
in  inactivity  and  pleasures,  after  the 
unceasing  toils  of  so  many  years : 
but  those  who  so  calculated,  soon 
saw,  to  their  surprise,  that  the  lust 
of  eqipire  was  in'  him  an  appetite 
not  to  be  satiated  j  fresh  encroach- 
ments upon  what  remained    inde- 
pendent in  Europe,  and  fresh  at- 
tempts still  more  to  aggi^andize  the 
country   who    had    adopted    hirp, 
marked^  unceasingly,  his  subsequent 
measures. 

On  the  6th  of  February,  letters 

of 


*  t 


;tO  ANNUAL    RESiSTER,    l^-i 


V    1 


ih  •  V...:  'All  .'t  3«jnh:».  ::t  «  :.c'_   ''z^':  V/ir--  i-^:L    il:»>e  *Jj?  f z  f^-  r-jade 

ti^;-   Sv.  Ixs.  tS.Tiiitr{ves ;  !:^t  :n   t!"-^  tf»  *:.*  er.ii:   zji   tie   rrit  c^-casdl 

In    F^fbnzrr  g^mrrsl     Tlrirtz'jf  'f-'\:i    \i'.\jsz,t,    viih  Gerx^i,   and 

cittoriTevi  for    fci*    ^*rx,V.^*   nttt-  v:.*i    ctlvrr  scir-JCTted  power?,    dM>. 

sacrcs  ia  La  Vender,  zrr'A^,  ^nv  n.-i^.t  zt^srked  bosif^r-ei  aiz^-nst  the 

k:  thjt  CTOC-h  in   th-^  Vi'jilt :    «et  Co::i:r.trt:c  cf  the    Br'ti-h   cmisrc- 

A^:de  all  'iie  crm^Hci^^l  a'irVyr>:<£:»  0-:r  Ir.tercocr^e  with  Rfcnicrt 


<2epe:i-d-r»cr:r*,  py**e<?^l  \i\tr^ri:,i  of  Hd  b^en  3C  l>s::efcci2l  a  scTupc  of 

the;r:'^!:c  tr«a«inr,  d;^  ar^h.v^* -of  advan^ij*;    ?o    n^anr    branches    of 

die  j^'^/i'TninfTTit,  and  the  rx/*t  ^'tfice,  our  manafzct-jre.     Our  tnde  with 

^T\f\  jr.\]:r,ly  srinc'^nccd   it  'Z%  the  G-sn-ja,  with  i  uscar.y,  wiih  Spain, 

'mifr..y.n  f>f  France   to  incorjxiraic  w^s    cxpre^-lj    interdicted     under 

tKj»t  Try:\:^yrc  wsth  h*rr  d'>:iii:iicrj>.  the   severest    prch-biticii?.     la  ths 

The  pi*;/*  d^  Vaud,  which   !:e^  be-  n'.rtli  cf  Europe  cur  siiuaticn  was 

t%t'c^  FranciC  and  the  Va'iais,  was  nearly  as  alarming :    Eritish  goods 

a!rr-adv  formally  anr.eyxd    to    her  were  excluded   aU   traniit  ihroa^ 

dominions ;  and  Sv.  irzeriand  began  the   states    of  Holland    under   the 

to  trenfible  at  wl.at  %he  apprehended  severest  peP3liie3,  aiid  it  -was  much 

mu»i  b*:  the  con=>eqaence  of  these  to  be  apprehended  that  our  future 

crxroachn:cnti ;  either  the  directly  connect-on   with    Germany   would 

fceconiing  a   French    province,    or  in  a  great  measure  depend  upon  the 

the    inr,p^i>;»ion   of    a    constitution  wiil  and  plea -.ore  of  a  rival,  who  in 

which   would  virtually    cause   her  nich  a  moment  as  the  present,  so 

to  become  ohc.  far  from  conciiiat:ng,  did  not  eved 

Nor  were  the  efforts  of  the  first  think  it   necessary   to  conceal  hii 

consul   less   active   with  regard  to  rooted  enmity, 

internal    arrangements  5    chambers  About  this  period  also  was  dis- 

of  commerce  and  agriculture  were  patched,    under  the  acimiral  Can- 

established  throughout  his  empire ;  iheaume,    a    strong    squadron    of 

•ocjieties  for  the  encouragement  of  French  men  of  warlrom  the  Medi* 

the  arts  and  manufactures  univers-  terranean,   to   reinforce  the  arma- 

ally  established  j  rewards  for  emi-  raent  v.hich  sailed  for  St  DoraingOi 

nency  in  every  branch  of  the  fine  in  the  month    of  December  1801> 

arts  lavishly  promised,   whilst  the  under  admiral  Villaret  Joyeuse  and 

arranging  the  plunder  of   Italy  in  general  Le  Clerc,  and  from  whence 

the    utmost     splendour    at    Paris,  news  was  now^  eagerly  expected, 

promised  to  secure  to  that  capital  On  the  first  of   March   citizen 

the  resort  and  influx  of  jitrangen^  Bacher   laid    before    the    diet    at 

Ratisbon. 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


91 


Ratlsbon  a  declaration*  from  the 
minister  of  foreign  aftairs  of  France 
(Talleyrand),  communicating  the 
result  of  tlic  consult  a  at  Lyons. 
This  instrument  declared  the  ap- 
pointment of  the  first  consul  to  the 
presidency  of  the  Italian  republic  5 
that, he  conceded  to  the  voluntary 
wish  of  its  most  enlightened  citi- 
zens 'j  that  the  measure  was  indis- 
pensable to  its  freedom,  and  solely 
undertaken  by  '  him  to  prevent 
rivalry  of  pretensions,  and  the  per- 
petual feuds  which  might  be  ex- 
pected, but  which  must,  under  his 
government  (which  he  assures  the 
diet  shall  be  energetic,  paramount, 
and  ascendant,)  be  harmonized  and 
tranquil. 

On  the  12th,  the  long  expected 
intelligence  arrived  at  Brest  from 
St.  Domingo,  and  was  considered 
upon  the  whole  as  highly  favour- 
able to  the  parent  country  3  not 
that  there  was  no  resistance  on  the 
part  of  Toussaint  and  tlie  blacks  to 
the  repossession  of  the  island  by  the 
French,  but  that  such  resistance 
was  impotent  and  ineffectual.  The 
general  I^  Clerc  debarked  in 
force  on  the  4th  of  February,  and 
got  possession  of  several  forts  and 
2ie  whole  of  the  country  between 
the  Cape  and  Fort  Dauphine.  The 
negroes,  by  the  orders  of  general 
Cbristophe,  had  set  fire  to  the  Cape 
Town,  but  the  French  arrived  in 
time  to  save  a  part  of  that  devoted 
«ity.  Tlie  letters  of  the  command- 
ers of  the  army  and  fleet  were 
couched  in  the  most  triumphant 
terms  :  complete  success,  and  the 
reestablish  men  t  of  tlie  French  power 
in  the  settlement,  in  a  very  short 
time,  wa«,by  thfem  confidetitly  pro- 
mised. 


Whether  the  opposition  which 
was  experienced  by  general  I^ 
Clerc  at  St.  Domingo  was  of  as 
trifling  a  nature  as  his  letters  an-  ^ 
nounced,  or  whether  it  was  con- 
sidered by  Bonaparte  as  likely  to 
throw  serious  obstacles  in  the  way 
of  his  great  object,,  certain  it  is 
that  about  tliis  period  some  degree 
of  activity  began  to  prevail  at  tlic 
congress  of  Amiens. 

Hitherto  the  situation  of  tlie 
marquis  of  Comwallis  had  been 
extremely  irksome  and  disagreeable  t 
the  definitive  treaty  had  been  lin- 
gering now  more  than  three  montlis^ 
during  which  time  Bonaparte  had 
realized  every  project  his  wildest 
ambition  could  form,  witlwut 
check  or  interruption  j  and  while 
thus  occupied,  it  became  notoriou« 
to  all  Euroj^  that  the  ultimate 
pacification  with  Great  Britain  wa« 
designedly  protracted  :  means  wei'c 
not  wanting  for  such  an  object  j 
the  delay  of  the  Dutch  and  Spanish 
ministers,  and  the  absence  of  tlie 
first  consul  in  tlie  south,  presented 
plausible  excuses  for  dilatoriness  ia 
the  early  part  of  the  negotiation  ; 
but  when  those  causes  no  longer 
existed,  vexatious  and  frivolous  im- 
pediments were  suggested  on  tlic 
part  of  Spain  and  Holland,  evident- 
ly for  tlie  purposes  of  delay.  With 
the  British  minister  it  was  far 
otherwise  :  the  alarming  increase  of 
power,  since  the  signing  the  preli- 
minaries, to  France  was  no  ob- 
stacle, altliough,  as  we  have  shown, 
some  of  the  articles  of  the  prelimi- 
naries could  not  now  be  executed 
citlier  in  the  letter  or  in  the  spirit. 
The  British  minister  hurried  on  the 
negotiation  to  the  utmost  of  his 
power,  but  ineffectually. 


•  Vid«  <«  Stan  Papers,"  pag€«48. 


M 


92        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


/    ^ 


At  length  some  faint  remains  of  Whether  this    manifestation    of 

British  spirit  began  to   appear :  the  displeasure   on    tlic    part   of  Great 

disarming  system,  which  had  pro-  Britain,    and   the   consequences    it 

ceeded  to  a  considerable  extent,  was  threatened  :  or  whetlier  the  opposi- 

suspcnded  ;    we    had    already  sent  tion  experienced  at  St.  Domingo,  or 

out  a  strong  fleet  of  obser\ation  to  from  the  cooperation  of  both  causes 

the  West  Indies,  to  watch  tl^e  mo-  on  the  mind  of  Bonaparte,  he  now, 

tions  of  the  Brest  fleet ;  a  squadron  without  further  shift  or  subterfuge, 

had  also  sailed  from  the   Mcditerra-  seemed  to  wish  to  expedite  the  ne- 

nean-,  in  consequence  of  the  sail-  gotiation  at  Amiens  to  a  conclusion. 

ingofGantheaume  with  a  reinforce-  There  remained   now  apparently 

ment   for    St.    Domingo.       I'hose  but  two  points  to  occupy  the  atten- 

movements,    however,   arose   from  tion   of  the   French    government.; 

the  original  source  of  so  much  dis-  the  definitive  treaty  of  peace  with 

quietude    and    expense  j     the    im-  Great  Britain,     and    the   German 

politic   and  unprecedented  permis-  indemnities.      The   latter  arrange-  . 

sion  of  the  vast  fleet   and   army  of  ment   was  permitted  to    slumber, 
Brest  to  sail  from  France,   before  -  and- the  pressure  now  caused  by  the 

peace  had  been  concluded :  but  the  angry  measures  of  Great   Britain, 

armaments  which  the  ministry  now  and  the  partial  failure  of  the  Brest 

thought  it  necessaiy  to  equip,  were  armament,  disposed  measures  of  an 

calculated  to  coerce  France  to  the  active  nature   to  supersede  the  su-. 

concluding  the    definitive  treaty  at  pineness  that  had  hitherto  prevailed 

all  events,      and    upon    whatever  at  Amiens. 

terms  she  might  dictate  -,  accord-  Yet  at  the  close  of  this  long  pro- 
ingly,  orders  were  issued,  about  the  tracted  negotiation,  so  far  from' 
beginning  of  March,  for  the  fitting  receding  from  the  advantages  which 
out  and  victualling  the  whole  of  the.  France  clearly  had  in  the  preliminary 
menof  war  at  Portsmouth  capable  of  treaty,  her  minister  absolutely  in- 
being  sent  to  sea,  frigates  and  sloops  sisted  on  higher  terms  than  even 
inchided,  in  all  about  thirty  sail.  that  had  given  her.      Nor  did   the 

And  in  consequence    of  similar  aggrandizement  of  that    power   in 

orders,    admiral    Cornwallis,    who  the  intervening  period,    in  violation 

still  commanded  the  channel   fleet,  of  all  subsisting  treaties,    and    of 

dispatched  from  Tor-bay  six  sail  of  the  spirit  of  tlie  basis  of  tliat  which 

the  linef  on  a  cruize,  and  victualled  they  were  about  to  conclude,  pro- 

for  five  months :  all  the  different  duce  in  the    slightest    degree  (al- 

ofhces    connected  with   the  nayal  though  the  British  minister  offered 

department,     the   dock-yards,   &c.  to  tlirow  into  the  same  scale  Egypt,* 

.  were  put  in    motion  3    and  at  the  Alalta,    the  Cape   of  Good  Hope, 

crisis  when  the  country  atlai'ge  was  and  all  tlie  conquests  we   had  made 

cherishing  the  hopes  of  a  happy  and  during  the  war,)  tlie  disposition  to 

permanent  peace,  every  symptom  ap-  recede  from  her  exorbitant  demands, 

peared  of  fresh  warfare  and  con  ten-  Proceeding  on  this  principle,  the 

tion.  French   government  interposed    so 

♦  The  Warrior,   Zealous,    Defence,  and  BellOna,    of  7'4  guns  each,    par^  of  Sir 
J.  Saumarez's  fleet. 

t  Edgar,  Excellent,  Magnificent,  Bellerophon,  Robust,  and  Audacious,  of  74. 

3  .                 many 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


93 


many  unexpected  points  of  debate, 
during  the  negotiation,  which  pro- 
tracted it  to  such  a  length,  that  the 
inhabitants  of  both  countries,  who 
were  equally  anxious  and  sincere 
for  the  amicable  termination  of  the 
treaty,  were  in  constant  apprehen- 
sion of  its  being  broken  off  abruptly. 

At  length,  either  from  the  causes 
we  have  already  alluded  to,  or  be- 
cause nothing  more  was  .to  be 
gained  by  procrastination,  it  be- 
came the  will  and  pleasure  of  the 
first  consul  that  the  long  expected 
treaty  should  be  signed ;  accordingly 
that  ceremony  took  place  on  the 
27th  of  March. 

The  inhabitants  of  Amiens  were 
apprized  of  the  moment  of  the 
signature's  taking  place,  and  were 
invited  to  witness  the  solemnity. 
The  welcome  event  was  announced 
the  next  day  at  Paris  by  the  minister 
for  foreign  affairs,  and  proclaimed 
under  the  firing  of  cannon,  and 
every  demonstration  of  joy  usual  on 
the  receipt  of  the  most  flattering 
and  welcome  intelligence. 

On  the  2()th  of  March,  Mr. 
Moore,  assistant  secretary  to  the 
mission,  arrived  in  London  at  nine 
o'clock  in  the  morning  of  that  day, 
with  the  news  of  the  definitive  treaty 
of  peace  having  been  signed  at 
Amiens,  at  four  o'clock  in  tlie 
afternoon  of  the  27th  instant, 
by  the  plenipotentiaries  of  the 
different  powers,  parties  thereto. 
Thus,  after  a  feverish  interval  of 
five  montlis,  during  which  period 
the  rhost  important  revolutions  had 
taken  place  in  the  states  of  Europe, 
whilst  the  scale  of  French  power 
was  daily  preponderating,  and  that 
of  England  vijiibly  "  kicking  the 
beam;"    the    great  object    of  the 


British  ministers  and  the  general 
wish  of  the  people  of  England  was 
accomplished. 

The  domestic  events  which  pre- 
ceded this  celebrated  treaty,  from 
the  commencement  of  the  year, 
were  few  and  unimportant.  The 
trial  and  punishment  of  the  infa- 
tuated and  misguided  mutineers  at 
BantrJ'  Bay,  which  took  place  early 
in  the  month  of  January,  we  have 
already  noticed ;  and  thfe  accoimt 
of  the  crime  and  execution  of  go- 
vernor Joseph  Wall,  in  command' 
at  Goree,  17^2,  which  engrossed 
an  uncommon  share  of  the  public 
interest,  we  have  gone  into  at 
some  length  in  another  part  of  this 
work*.  Those  severe  but  salutary 
acts  of  justice,  whieh  regarding  - 
only  the  crime,  equally  awarded 
death  to  disobedience  to  the  offi- 
cer, and  to  the  extreme  severity 
of  those  in  command,  were  satis- 
factory proofs  of  the  equitable  and 
sound  principles  of  tlie  English 
law. 

On  the  18th  of  March  there  was 
a  numerous  meeting  of  the  livery  of 
London,  assembled  in  common  hall, 
in  order  to  take  into  consideration 
tlie  propriety  of  petitioning  for  the 
repeal  of  the  income  tax.  The 
measure  met  with  universal  appro- 
bation, and  it  was  can*ied  unani- 
mously. In  the  resolutions  on  this 
subject  were  cniunerated  the  serious 
evils  attending  this  tax  3  its  de- 
structive operation  upon  the  trading 
world,  and  its  injustice  in  making 
no  discrimination  between  fluctuat- 
ing and  certain  income.  They 
stated,  that  it  was  hostile  to  the 
liberties  and  morals  of  the  people, 
and  that  no  modification  could  ren- 
der it  equitable,  just,  or  elficient. 


•  Vide  *'  Appendix  to  the  Chronicle," 


and 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


94 

2irul  that  for  these,  and  many  other 
reasons    t(x>  numerous  to  hie  here 
detaiied,  that  a  petition  should  be 
presented  to  parliament,   praying  its 
repeal,  by  Mr.   alderman  Combe; 
that  the  represenuitives  for  the  city 
of  Lx)ndon  should   be  instmcted  to 
jjupportitj  and  lliat  every  exertion 
should  be  made  to  get  rid  of  a  tax, 
at  once   so  oppressive  and  inquisi- 
torial.   It  was  accordingly  presented 
to  parliament,  which,  with  its  con- 
sLfjuences,    we  shall  notice  in   its 
piopcr  place. 

The  deaths  of  John  Fitzgibbon, 
€arl  of  Clare, ,  lord  high  chancellor 
*it'  Ireland,  and  of  Francis  Russell, 
duke  of  Bediord,  about  thi^^  period, 
l)oth  characters  of  no  common 
Atamp,  arc  worthy  of  commemora- 
tion in  onr  hiitoric  page.  Of  the 
jVinner  we  have  taken  particular 
Dotice  in  our  selMCtion  api>ropnated 
for  such  purposes,  and  tl:e  la  iter 
gave  occa>ion  for  an  eiilogium, 
pronounced  upon  him  in  thf^  house 
<;f  commons  by  Mr.  Fox,  and  which 
shall  be  noticed  in  its  place. 

We  shall  briefly  enumerate  the 
leading  and  material  points  which 
thf.  treaty  of  Amiens  embraced,  and 
shall  defer  our  particular  consider- 
atiini  of  ilicm  till  we  shall  have 
bid  before  our  readers  tlie  parlia- 
incntaiy  proceedings  of  the  year 
prior  thereto,  and   connected  with 

it*. 

Art.  I.  declares  the  reestablish- 
ment  (4' peace  bcUveen  the  conlract- 
ji.g  parties,  and  that  each  shall  use 
tiiLir  utmost  endeavours  towards  its 
maintenance. 

Art.  II.  stipulates  for  tlie  restora- 
tion of  all  prisoncrrs  of  war  or  hos- 
tai^es,  within  six  weeks  from  tlie 
dale  of  the  ralilication  ;  each  party 


respectively  discharging  all  advances 
made  by  any  of  the  contracting 
parties  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
prisoners  in  the  countries  where 
they  have  been  detained.  A  com- 
mission to  be  appointed  to  determine 
the  compensation  to  be  made  under 
this  article. 

Art.  III.  His  Britannic  majesty 
restores  to  France,  Spain,  and  Ba- 
tavia,  all  the  possessions  and  colo- 
nies which  may  have  been  occupied 
or  conquered  during  the  war,  with 
the  exception  of  Trinidad  and  Cey- 
lon, which,  by  articles  JV.  and  V. 
Spain  and  Batavia  severally  cedes  aii4 
guaranties  in  full  possession  an4 
sovereignty  to  his  majesty. 

Art.  VI.  The  port  of  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  remains  to  the  Batavian 
republic  in  full  sovereignty,  in  the 
same  manner  as  previous  to  the  war, 
and  the  ships  of  every  kind  belong- 
ing to  the  other  contractuig  parties 
shall  be  allowed  to  enter  the  said 
port,  and  there  purchase  provisions 
as  heretofore,  without  bemg  liable 
to  pay  otlier  imposts  than  such  as 
the  Batavian  republic  subjects  its 
oviTi  ships  to. 

Art.  VII.  The  territories  and  pos» 
sessions  of  her  most  Faithful  majesty 
are  maintained  in  their  integrity, 
such  as  they  were  antecedent  to  the 
war,  excepting  at  the  river  Aroviari, 
from  where  it  empties  itself  into  the 
ocean  above  Cape  North,  near  th^ 
islands  Nuove  and  Penetentia,  about 
1  and  l-3d  degrees  of  north  latitude 
to  its  source,  and  afterwards  in  n 
right  line  drawn  from  that  source  to 
the  Rio  Ranto,  towards  the  west  5 — 
die  northern  bank  being  the  French 
boundary  of  tlie  French  Guiana,  and 
the  south  bank  the  boundary  of  tlie 
Portugueze  Guiana  3  the  navigation 


♦  Vide  o&c'aX  copy  in  the  **  State  Papers,"  page  008. 


of 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


9S 


^  die  river  being  open  to  bcth. 
The  settlement  of  boundaries  in 
Europe  made  between  the  courts  of 
Madrid  and  Lisbon  by  tlic  treaty  of 
Badajos  is  con^med  by  this  article. 

Art.  VIII.  The  territories,  posses- 
Bbns,  &c.  of  tiie  Sublime  Porte  are 
maintained  in  tlieir  integrity  as  they 
were  before  the  war. 

Art.  IX.  The  republic  of  tlie  Seven 
Islands  is  recognised. 

Art.  X.  The  islands  of  Malta,  Go- 
353,  and  Camino,  are  to  be  restored  to 
^e  order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem, 
under  conditions  expressed  in  tliir- 
teen  articles,  to  the  following  eifect : 
—the   knights    of    the    order    are 
invited  to    return    to    Malta,   and 
there  elect  a  grand   master;    any 
election     made     previous    to    die 
signing  of  the  preliminaries  to  be 
null   and   void.     In  order   to    the 
greater  independence  of  the  chapter, 
no  individual  belonging    either  to 
England  or  France  to  be  admitted 
into  the  order.   A  Maltese  language 
to  be  established;  proofs  of  nobility 
not  necessary  to  admission  of  knights 
jnto  this  language ;  they  shall,  how- 
ever, enjoy  all  the  privileges,  &c. 
of  the  otlier  knights,  and  at  least 
-    half  of  the  municipal,  administrative, 
pivil,  judicial,  and  otlier  employ- 
ments depending  on  tlie  government, 
^ball  be  filled  by  the  inhabitants  of 
the  islands  of  Malta,  Goza,  and  Ca- 
mino.     The  British  troops  to  eva- 
cuate the  island  and  its  dependencies 
within  three  months  from  tlie  ex- 
change of  the  ratifications,  or  sooner 
if  possible,  when  it  is  to  be  given  up 
to  the  order,    provided  the  grand 
mastEr,   or  commissioners  properly 
authorised,  are  there  to  receive  it,  and 
the  Sicilian  troops  be  arrived.    The 
king  of  Naples  is  be  invited  to  send 
2000  troops,  natives  of  his   domi- 
nions, to  serve  in  garrison  in  tlic 


island  for  one  year  after  the  restora* 
tlon  of  tlie  knights,  or  longer,  should 
not  the  Maltese  force  be  at  that 
period  deemed  competent  by  th« 
guarantying  powers,  to  garrison 
the  island.  The  independence  and 
neutrality  of  Malta  and  its  depen- 
dencies are  proclaimed,  and  the  for- 
mer guaraniicd,  by  Great  Britain^ 
France,  Austria,  Sp^in,  llussia, 
and  Prussia,  the  four  latter  power* 
being  invited  to  accede  to  the  stipu- 
lations. The  ports  to  be  open  to 
the  vessels  of  all  nations,  with  tlie 
e.xceptions  of  tJiose  belonging  to  the 
Barbary  powers. 

Art.  XI.  The  French  troops  shall 
evacuate  Naples  and  the  Bomr^a 
states,  and  the  British  shall  evacuate 
Porto  Ferrajo,  and  all  the  ports  and 
islands  tliat  they  (X*cupy  in  the  Me- 
diterranean and  Adri.itic. 

Art.  ls.ll.  directs  the  evacuations, 
cessions,  and  restitutions,  named  in 
•  the  treaty,  to  be  made  in  Europe 
within  one  moiitli;  on  the  couti- 
tinents  and  seas  of  America  and 
Africa  in  three  months ;  and  on  tlie 
continent  and  seas  of  Asia  in  sue 
months  after  the  ratification. 

Art.  XIII.  The  fortifications,  &c, 
of  the  ceded  places  to  be  delivered 
in  tlie  state  they  were  in  at  the  sign- 
ing ot  tlie  preliminaries.  Throe 
years  to  be  allowed  to  persons  to 
dispose  of  tlieir  property  in  tlie  cases 
of  cession,  and  in  the  interim  to 
be  allowed  the  <iseicise  of  their  reli- 
gion, and  the  enjoyments  of  their 
Ibrtuiies. 

Art.  XIV.  All  sequestrations,  &rc, 
imposed  by  eitlier  party,  to  be  taken 
off  on  the  signature  of  the  treaty ; 
all  cases  of  law  or  equity  between 
the  subjects  of  any  of  the  parties,  to 
be  referred  to  a  competent  tribunal. 

Art.  XV.    Ihe   fisheries    on    the 
coasts  of  Newfoimdland  and  its  de- 
pendencies. 


96 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


pendencies/  and  in  the  gulph  of  St. 
Lawrence,,  to  be  placed  on  the  same 
footing  as  they  were  pn  vioiis  to  the 
v^r.  The  French  fishermen  and 
the  inhabitants  of  the  islands  of  St. 
Pierre  and  Miquelon,  are  to  be  al- 
lowed to  cnt  such  wood  as  may  be 
necessary  for  them  in  the  bays  of 
Fortune  and  Despair  during  the  first 
year,  reckoning  from  the  ratification 
of  the  treaty. 

Art.  XVI.  stipulates  the  restora- 
tion of  all  captures  at  sea,  made  in 
the  Channel  or  North  Seas,  after  a 
space  of  twelve  days,  reckoning 
from  the  ratification  of  the  prelimi- 
nary articles :  after  one  month  as  far 
as  the  Canaiy  islands,  as  well  in  the 
Mediten'anean  as  in  the  Ocean  j 
after  two  months  from  the  Canary 
islands  to  tlie  equator;  and  after 
five  months  in  all  other  parts  of  the 
world. 

Art.  XVII.  Ambassadors,  &c.  to 
enjoy  the  same  privileges,  &c.  m 
before  the  war. 

Art.  XVIII.  The  branches  of  the 
house  of  Nassau  to  receive  an  equiva- 
lent compensation  for  the  losses 
which  they  may  prove  to  have  sus- 
tained, as  well  with  respecj:  to  pri- 
vate property  as  by  the  change  of 
consitution  adopted  in  the  Batavian 
republic. 

Art.  XIX.  The  present  definitive 
treaty  is  declared  common  to  tlie 
Sublime  Porte,  which  is  invited  to 
transmit  its  act  of  fltcession  as  soon 
as  possible. 

Art.  XX.  The  contracting  parties 
to  deliver  up,  upon  authorized  ap- 
plication, persons  accused  of  murder, 
forgery,  or  fraudulent  bankruptcies, 
comniitted  subsequent  to  the  con- 
clusion of  tliis  treaty,  provided  the 


evidence  of  the  crime  shall  be  8urfi. 
that  tlie  laws  of  tlie  place  in  which 
the  accusea  person  shall  be  dis- 
covered, would  have  authorisEcd 
the  detaining  and  bringing  him  t6 
trial,  had  the  oflence  been  committed 
there  j  the  party  making  the  reqtii- 
sition  to  defray  all  expenses  attend- 
ing its  execution. 

Art.  XXI.  The  contracting  partie? 
promise  to  observe  all  the  articles 
faithfully  and  sincerely,  and  general- 
ly reciprocally  to  guaranty  them.  • 

Art.  XXII.  The  present  treaty  td 
be  ratified  by  the  contracting  parties 
within  thirty  days,  or  sooner  if  pos-  ' 
sible,  and  the  ratifications  shall  be  • 
exchanged  in  due  form  at  Paris. 
Done  at  Amiens,  27tli  March  1802. , 

A  separate  article  guards  against 
any  prejudice  that  might  arise  in  ■ 
future  to  the  powers  or  to  the  per- 
sons concerned,  by  the  omission  of 
some  titles,  which  might  have  tak«i 
place  in  the  treaty:  and  that  the 
French  and  English  languages  made 
use  of  in  the  copies  of  the  treaty 
should  not  form  a  precedent,  or  in  -^ 
any  manner  prejudice  the  contract- 
ing powers  whose  language  was  not 
made  use  of  5  and  some  othfer  mat- 
ters of  little  moment. 

And  to  the  eigtheenth  article 
there  was  appended  a  secret  article, 
by  which  the  Batavian  republic  was 
guarded  from  finding  aqy  part  of  the 
compensation  decreed  by  that  article  ' 
to  the  house  of  Nassau  *. 

The  contracting  parties  were  the 
king  of  the  united  kingdom  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland  on  the  one 
part  5  and  the  French  republic,  his 
majesty  the  king  of  Spain,  &c.  and  - 
the  Batavian  republic,  on  die  other.' 

A  very  few  days  after  the  arrival- 


*  The  above  treaty  was  printed  at  Paris,  and  circulated  by  couriers  to  HoUaricl, 
Spain,  tic,  etc.  &c.  the  night  before  it  was  signed  at  Amiens. 

of 


HISTORY.    05*    EUROPE. 


97 


of  the  news  in  England  of  the  con* 
chision  of  thi^  treaty^  an  official  let- 
ter from  lord  St.  Helen's  at  Peters- 
buigfa,  announced  the  agreement  of 
the  courts  of  Sweden  and  Denmark 
to  the  convention  signed  with  Rus- 
m,  respecting  the  rights  of  neutral 
pQfwers;  and  that  the  Swedish  am- 
bassador had  been  distinctly  inform- 
ed by  the  count  de  Hotschoubey^ 
the  Russian  minister^  that  as  the  mo- 
tives which  had  occasioned  the  late 
revival  of  the  system  of  armed  neu- 
trality were  now  happily  done 
wmy,  that'  system  was  considered 
by  the  court  of  Russia  as  absolutely 
annulled  and  abandoned,  not  only 
n  a  general  code  of  maritime  law. 


but  even  in  its  more  limited  meaning, 
of  a  specific  engagement  between 
Russia  and  the  other  confederates. 

By  this  declaration^  joined  to  the 
effect  of  the  ti'eaty  of  Amiens, 
Great  Britain  was  iri  peace  and 
friendsliip  with  all  the  powers  of 
Europe,  and  it  did  not  appear  that 
there  could  be  any  questions  in  re- 
serve which  were  important  enough 
soon  to  en\broil  tlie  political  system 
of  Europe :  and  the  treaties  of  Lune- 
ville  and  Amiens  appeared  to  liave 
permanently  settled  the  fate  of  the 
ditlerent  nations  and  the  extent  of 
their  dominions.  Such  was  the  po* 
sition  of  alTairs  in  Europe  at  the  com« 
mencement  of  the  mouth  of  April. 


Vol.  XUV. 


H 


CllK.^ . 


9S  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


Parliamei 
the  hn 
Commt 
bate  m 

Charge 
£ilL- 


iniary,wli 
lords,  prt 
that  hotis 


Hitlers  ha 
of  France 
from  that 
dies  befoj 
nitive  trt 
that  was  < 
agreemen 
tries  ?  arii 
ministers 


the  Freii< 
the  West 
alone  thf 
to  Francs 
world  \vh 
the  powei 
augments 
tlie  Hue  b 


t:< 


rtV 


HISTORt     05     EUK^PiL. 


\lras  in  conseqnence  of  a  previous 
understanding  between  Great  Britain 
and  France,  tliat  the  armament  lately 
sailed  from  Brest  5  that,  that  fleet 
had  a  particular  destination  and  a 
specific  object  in  riew,  and  that  it 
Could  not  be  contrary  to  the  interests 
df  Great  Britain  if  it  succeeded  in  its* 
object. 

Mr.  Elliot,  in  the  house  of  com- 
mons, on  the  same  day,  and  upon 
tiic  same  grounds  with  lord  Carlisle, 
attacked  the  ministry  with  consider- 
able ability.  He  took  a  view  of  the 
consequences  which  the  sailing  of 
the  Brest  fleet  was,  in  his  opinion, 
likely  to  produce  on  the  progress 
and  conduct  of  the  pending  negotia- 
tion. Should  war  recommence,  he 
said,  the  French  might  strike  an 
immediate  and  dangerous  blow  in 
some  of  our  most  important  colonial 
possessions.  They  had  now. the 
means  of  doing  so,  though  it  was 
probable  they  would  delay  the  exe- 
cution of  their  hostile  designs. 
They  would  probably  postpone  the 
accomplishment  of  their  ulterior  ob- 
jects of  aggrandizement,  until  they 
had  secured  the  vast  cessions  which 
the  jwdiminary  treaty  had  proposed 
that  we  should  make  them.  Until 
then,  France  might  allow  us  to  en- 
joy peace,  while  we  should  be 
obliged  to  keep  up  an  expensive 
establishment  in  the  West  Indies, 
to  guard  against  her  machinations. 
"  Such  was  the  peace  we  were  to 
^njoy;  a  peace  delusive  and  inse- 
cure; a  peace  which  would  ope- 
rate to  put  France  in  possession  of 
that  which  she  had  so  long  sought, 
a  naval  force,  which  he  much 
feared  would  enable  her  to  acconi- 
piibh  that   in   which  all  her  hopes 


and  wishes  centered ;  that  wtiich 
all  her  exertions,  intrigues,  and  state 
papers  for  years  b^ck  have'  been 
contrived  and  calculated  to  produce^ 
namely,  what  she  called  the  liberty^ 
of  die  seas,  but  which  would  be, 
in  fact,  the  annihilation  of  tlie 
commerce  a^id  conspquence  of  Great 
Britain.  * 

The  chancellor  of  the  exchequer 
(Mr.  Addington),  and  lord  Hawkes- 
bury  (secretary  of  state),  redi^ced 
the  defence  of  tlie  measures  of  ad- 
ministration 'on.  the  {Joint  alluded 
to,  to  two  heads ;  first,  that  the 
sailing  of  the  French  fleet  mani- 
fested no  hostile  purpose,  and  that 
previously  to  its  having  sailed,  that 
there  had  been  a  communication 
witli  the  British  goveniment  upon 
tlie  subject;  and,  secondly,  tiiat 
ministers  had  not  neglected  to  take 
every  precautionary  measure  to 
guard  against  any  prejudicial  effects 
that  might  be  apprehended.  For 
the  fact  of  both  tliese  assertions, 
they  claimed  the  contidence  of  the 
house,  as  at  present  it  was  too  de- 
licate a  matter  upon  which  to  enter 
into  a  full  explanation. 

Repeated  adjournments  of  the  sit- 
ting of  parliament  still  continued  to 
fill  up  the  anxious  interval  which 
occurred  until  the  signature  of  the 
definitive  treaty,  and  very  little 'bu- 
siness of  importance  was  discussed 
on  the  several  days  of  meeting. 

The  death  of  the  earl  of  Clare  *, 
lord  high  chancellor  of  Ireland, 
caused  a  vacancy  in  the  chair  of 
tlie  house  of  commons,  his  majesty 
having  been  pleased  to  appoint  sir 
John  Mitford,  the  speaker,  to  fill 
up  that  high  office.  This  event 
was  communicated  to  the  commons 


*  yide  **  Clironlch,"  and  *^  Characters,"  of  this  volume, 


o* 


J      1 


100  ^^     ANNUAL     REGISTER,   1802. 


on  the  pth  day  of  February,  and 
on  the  10th  the  house  proceeded  to 
the  election  of  a  new  speaker. 

The  master  of  the  rolls  (sir  R.  P. 
Arden)  proposed,  with  an  elabwate 
eulogium  on  his  capacity  and  fit- 
ness   for  the   situation,    the  right 
honourable  Charles  Abbott   (princi- 
pal secretary  to  .the  lord  lieutenant 
of  Ireland),  as  a  member  thoroughly 
competent,  to  fulfil  the  important 
duties  of   their  speaker.     After  a 
jslight  opposition  from  Mr.  Sheridan, 
who  proposed  Mr.  Charles  Dundai 
(the    member    for  Berkshire),  the 
former  gentleman  was  unanimously 
elected.     He  w^s  succeeded  in  hiff 
situation  with  the  lord  lieutenant  of 
Ireland    by  Mr.  Wickham.      On 
the  succeeding  day  his  majesty  sig- 
nified his   assent  to  the  measure, 
through  the  lord  chancellor,  in  the 
house  of  lords. 

On  the  15tli  of  Februar}',  Mr.^ 
Shaw  Lefevre  had  leave  given  him 
to  bring  up  a  petition  from  the 
printers  and  booksellers  of  the  ci- 
ties of  London  and  Westminster. 
It  was  signed  by  above  200  of  the 
most  respectable  of  tlieir  number. 
Amongst  other  things,  their  petition 
stated,  "  that  by  the  additional  du- 
ties upon  paper  their  trade  had 
been  materi^y  injured,  as  well  as 
the  progress  of  literature  greatly 
fettered,  and  the  encouragement  to 
genius  equally  diminished.  That 
those  additional  duties  falling  so 
immediately  upon  their  capital, 
obliged  them  to  raise  the  prices 
of  their  publications,  -  so -as  to  en- 
able foreign  countries  to  undersell 
them  even  in  their  own  markets. 
That  these  duties  fell  very  slowly 
upon  the  public,  whilst  they  were 
obliged  to  print  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  copies  of  every  work  when 


the  press  is    set   up,  and   conse- 
quently  to  expend   large  sums  of 
money    for    a    numerous    edition^ 
which  might  ^ot  all  be  sold  in  six 
or  seven  years  after,  perhaps  never. 
That  if  they  printed  a  less  number 
of  copies,  the  prices  of  the  re»pec» 
tive  works  would  be  still  more  in-, 
creased  and   their  F-ale  proportion- 
ably  diminished.    They  were  there- 
fore obliged  to  be  in  a  considerable 
advance  of  capital  to  enable  th^n 
to  sell  what  they  printed  at  piicet 
in  some  proportion  to  those  pub- 
lished abroad  -,  in  order  to  keep  the 
mail^et  in  any  degree  open  for  the 
sale  of  English  books.    That  as  the 
paper  for  these  large  editions  wis 
purchased  at  once,  and  the  whc^ 
duty  paid  directly,  which  jcannqtji 
in  general,  be  reimbursed  in  several 
years   after,  tlie   tax  was   exceed- 
ingly burdensome  on  printers  and 
publishers. 

*'  That  there  was  much  re^ison  to* 
apprehend,  that  the  export  of  tho  < 
book  trade  would  be  totally  annihi- 
lated, as  the  best  English  books 
could  be  printed  abroad  and  sold  at 
SL  considerably  less  value,  than  ^un- 
der the  present  circumstances  they 
could  in  England  -,  and  that,  ia 
fact,  some  of  the  best  stock  Eogf* 
lish  books  were  printed  in  France 
and  Germany,  and  sold  at  half  the 
price  tliey  could  be  afforded  at 
home,  allowing  a  very  small  profit 
to  the  bookseller." 

Under  these  circumstances  they 
prayed  for  a  repeal  of  the  additionii 
duties,  or  such  other  relief' as  th^  ^ 
house  should  think  proper. 

It  was  referred  to  a  committer 
and  in  the  course  of  the  succeeding 
session  the  additional  duties  were  re- 
pealed, the  case  having  been  satis- 
factorily piade  out  as  an  imposition 


HISTORY    OF    EtTROt^E.         iol 

t 

which  certainly  was  not  only  blir-  urbanity  and  goodness    of  tieart^. 

densome    to   the    individual,     but  would  undergo  any  inconvenience^ 

strack  directly  at  the  very  existence  suffer  any    affliction,    rather   than 

of  English  literature.  set  up  a  claun  against  his  royal  fa- 

On  the    17th  of  February,  Iijr.  ther.    These  were  his  unalterable 

T.  M.   Sutton   (solicitor-general  to  sentiments,   tliese  were  his  detei'-« 

his    royal    highness   the  prince  of  mined  principles.   .  His  majesty,  it 

Wales)  took  an  opportunity,  upon  was  true,  had  received  the  products 

the  chancellor  of  the  exchequer's  of  the  dutchy  of  Cornwall  during 

having   moved  for  a    select    com-;'  the  minority  of  his  royal  highness  | 

mitte  to   take    into    consideration  but  it  was  the  receipt    of  them 

the  arrears  of  the  civil  list,  of  call-  alone  that 'enabled  him  to  support 

ing  the  attention  of  the  house  to  his  establishment    without    calling 

_the  arrears  due  from  the  dutdiy  of  upon  tie  public  to  make  good  the 

Cornwall  to  the  prince  of  Wales,  deficiencies    that    must    otherwise 

as  his  distinct  and  inalienable  right,  have  arisen.     The  public,  of  course^ 

He  stated,  that  from  1762  to  178S,  derived  thefuU  benefit  of  the  reve- 

the  years  of  the  prince's  minority^  nues  of  hi^  royal  highness  during 

the  arrears  amounted  to  gQO,000/.  his    minority :    and   between  him 

and  that    221,000/.    having   l^ea  and  the  public  the  account,  there* 

voted  by   parliament   at   different  fore,  stood^  at  present,  the  former 

times,  for  the  use  of  his  royal  high-  being,   to  a  considerable  amount^ 

ness,  there  remained  a  balance  of  the  creditor  of  the  latter. 
679,000/.     In  stating  the  above,  he        Mr.  Fox,  in  reply,  said,  *'  I  shall 

observed,  that  notwithstanding  the  certainly  trouble  the  house  with  a 

sole,    undivided,    and    unalienabJe  very  few  words.  The  house  is  much 

pght  in  the  prince   of  Wales  to  obliged  to  the  learned  gentleman 

those  revenues,   it  is  now  found,  for  the  very  clear  and  able  manner 

that  for  and  during  the  space  of  in  which  he  has  stated  the  claims 

nearly  his  whole  life,  one  part  of  of  his  royal  highness  the  prince  of 

them  has  been  apjdied  to  the  civil  Wales  with  respect  to  the  arrears 

Hst,  and  another  to  public  purposes;  due  to  him  for  the  dutchy  of  Cotn- 

that  is,  in  fact,  all  to  the  purposes  of  wall.    I  agree  with    my    learned 

the  public  5  insomuch  that  if  any  friend   in   almost  every  word  that 

question  arose,    it  might  be    said,  has  fallen  from  him,    at  least  as 

diat  no  immediate  claim  exists  be-  ponnected  with  the  subject  of  his 

tween.  his  majesty  and  the  prince  royal  highness;  and  I- do  most  sin- 

of  Wales,  but  between  the  prince  cerely  hope,    that   the  house  will 

of  Wales    and  the  people.     And  take  up  the  matter  which  he  has 

with  sincere  and  undisguised  ass^r-  this  day  suggested.     I  not  only  per- 

tion  he  then  declared,  that  know-  fectly  agree  with  him,  but  I  approve 

ing,  as  he  did,  tlie  genuine,  open,  highly  of  his  wisdom  in  stating  the 

and  unaffected    sentiments  of  that  subject  in  the  way  he  has   done, 

illustrious  personage,  he  could  take  There  is  perhaps   no  blame  attri- 

upon  him  to  say,  that  were  the  caae  butable   eitlier   to    the  present    or 

even  otherwise,  that  personage,  dis-  any  former  administration.     I  have 

tlnguished  equally  for  his  filid  af-  thought  it^  necessary  i6  say  a  word 

foction^  as  he  ever  has  been  for  his  or    two    in    consequence    of  the 

H  3  ^  learned 


102        ANNUAL    REaiSTER,    1802, 


learned  gentleman  s  having  inti- 
mated, that  ihe  claim  of  the  prince 
of  Wales  has  never  been  asserted. 
^It  never  has  been  effectually  assert- 
ed, I  admit;  but  tliat  it  was  as- 
serted is  a  fact  of  which  I  must  re- 
mind the  house.  It  is  a  question 
"which  did  appear  to  me  to  be  well 
worthy  the  attention  of  the  house. 
I  shall  not  renew  the  discussion  of 
the  question  myself,  not  because  I 
am  hot  actuated  by  the  same  opi- 
nion I  was  formerly,  but  because  I 
am  desirous  it  should  be  brought 
forward  by  some  other  gentleman 
more  likely  to  introduce  it  with 
effect,  i  wish  the  learned  gentle- 
man would  state  some  proposition. 
He  thinks  it  would  come  with 
more  propriety  from  anotlier  j  that 
is  a  point  on  which  we  differ.  The 
prince  of  Wales  has  considerable 
claims  on  the  j)ublic,  and  1  think 
his  royal  highness  cannot  be  better 
advised  than  to  bring  them  to  tlie 
bar  of  the  house  of  commons  5 
who,  in  consequence  of  having 
overlooked  his  clairiis,  have  voted 
him  considerable  sums  for  the  ad- 
justment of  the  demands  against 
him.  Now  with  respect  to  these 
sums,  I  am  clearly  of  opinion^  that 
whatever  has  been  voted  on  account 
of  the  debt^  of  his  royal  highness 
ought  to  be  deducted.  It  is,  in 
my  opinion,  the  greatest  hardship 
under  which  any  man,  in  any  situ- 
ation, could  have  been  placed,  to 
have  been  obliged,  on  various  oc- 
casions, to  have  the  amoimt  of  his 
debts  stated  to  the  public,  to  have 
been  subjected  to  ali  the  comments 
and  observations  which  wei'e  made 
with  regard  to  his  royal  highness, 
when  at  the  same  time  he  was  en- 
titled to  much  more,  as  a  right, 
than  he  was  requesting  as  a  grant, 
llic    honourable    gentleman    has 


stated,  that  it  was  not  the  will  of 
his.  royall  highnes?  to  make  any 
coriiplaint  to  the  house.  I  think 
his  royal  highness  has  acted  right. 
I  have  every  good  wish  .towards  the 
heir  apparent,  and  it  was  a  most 
painful  duty  to  me  to  state  what  I 
did  when  the  70,000/.  was  first, 
proposed  to  be  appropriated  out  of 
the  120,000/.  granted  by  parlia- 
ment towards  the  liquidation  of  his 
former  debts.  I  Uiink  I  owe  it  to 
his  royal  highness  to  state  the  ques- 
tion shortly,  not  as  affecting  him,  ^ 
but  as  the  more  immediate  busi- 
ness of  the  vote  of  this  night.  I 
thought  the  sum  of  120,000/,  not 
too  gieat  a  sum  for  the  prince  of 
Wales.  The  honourable  gentle- 
man had  stated,  that  prince  Fre- 
derick had  100,000/.  in  the  year 
1742;  he  might  have  adopted  a 
better  mode  of  comparison,  by  con- 
siderinsr  it  with  reference  to  the 
increase  of  the  civil  list.  I  thought 
that  120,000/.  a  year  was  liberal, 
but  not  extravagant.  Why  then 
did  I  suggest  to  the  house,  and  sup- 
port the  proposition,  that  tliis  should 
be  reduced  to  50,000/.  by  applying 
the  remainder  to  the  payment  of 
his  debts,  notwithstanding  my  opi- 
nion, that  if  in  consequence  of  too 
small  a  provision  he  had  incurred 
debts,  it  became  parliament  to  pay 
them.  I  did  it,  because .  his  royal 
highness  had  declared  the  income 
granted  to  him  was  sufficient.  I 
vAd,  it  was  not  for  his  royal  high- 
ness, after  such  a  declaration,  to 
come  to  parlianient,  and  desire  it  to  • 
pav  liis  debts.  I  mention  this  to- 
day, because  1  think  it  will  be  foimd 
to  apply  to  the  question  respecting 
tlie  civil  list,  and  will  become  ma- 
terial when  that  subject  is  dis- 
cussed. On  the  question  imme- 
diately relating  to  the  motion  be- 
fore/ 


HiSXQRY    OP    EUJEIOPE.        log 

tote  the  housci  I  shall  say  a  few    ing  the  civil  list  fVom  year  to  year, 
Words.     As  tlie  message  has  been    or  from  time  to  time  ^  If  yoa  think 
presented  from    his   majesty,    and    parliament  is    not   able   to    judge 
been  referred    to  a  committee   of    what  sum  is  sufficient  to  give  his 
supply,  (a  proper  respect  lo  his  ma-    majesty  for  life,  you  ought  not  to 
jesty,  though  perhaps  not  one  which    suffer  parliament  to  give  it     You 
the  house  ought  as   a   matter   of    ought  not  to    grant   his    majesty 
course   to   comply   with,)    I   shall    900,000/.  a  year  as  a  provision  for 
stipport  the  present  motion,  with-    life,  and  at  the  samp  time  rfcmaln 
out  entering  .into  the,  subject.     If    subject  to  the  payment  of  the  debta 
it  is  to  go  to  a"  select  committee,    he  may  contract  beyond  that  sum^ 
it  may  be  as  well  to  avoid  previous    If  there  is  an  excess  of  expendi- 
investigation  5    but  it  is  not  to  be    ture   beyond  that    sum,  yoa    arq 
Supposed  by  assenting  to  the  motion    liable  to  make    it  good;    but  oix 
I  give  even  a  momentary  approba-    the  other  hand,  if  the  expenditure 
tion    to   the  application  to  parlia-    is^  les»  tlian  the  grant,  there  i&  no 
ment  to  di^jclxarge  the  arrears  due    likelihood  of  the  public  getting  any 
upon   the    civil  list.     Although   I    part  of  it  back  again.    It  is  the  \ery 
am  ready    now    to  give  my  vote    essence  of  a  civil  list  that  it  should 
upon    the   subject,   and  state  my    be  limited  j  and  his  majesty  ought 
reasons,   yet  the  proper  time  wiU    not  to   be    permitted  to  come  to 
be    when    the    accounts    are  dis-    parliament  to  desire  it  to  .make  the 
cussed.     There  is  one  thing  which    civil  list  equal  lo  his  expenses  5  but 
I    wish    the   house    to  attend  to.    he  should  take  care  to  square  his. 
It  is  a  very  material  circumstance    expenses  to  the  civil    list.     1  be- 
in  the  history  of  this  country,  that    lieve  gentlemen  will  find  the  appli- 
since   the  revolution,  the  practice    cation  to  parliament    to   pay   the 
has  been  to  grant,    soon  after  the    arrears  of  tlie  civil  list  very  rarej 
lung*$  accession  to    the   throne,  a    for  the  principle  of  a  limited  civil 
civil  list  establishment  for  life.     I    list  proceeds  on  this,  that  the  ex- 
iuiow  there  are  many  persons  who    penditure  should  suit  the  income, 
doubt  the  propriety  of  such  a  cug-    and  not  the   income  suit  the  ex- 
tern.    I  have  at  my  leisure  consi-    penditure.    I  will  not  go  at  largo 
^red     the    question,    and    I    am    into   the    question,  but  -observing 
clearly  of  opinion,  that  ouf  ances-    only,  that  the  politics  of  the  pre^ 
ton  were    right   in  giving  a  civil    sent  reign  show  I  do  not  allude  to 
establishment    for    life    upon    the    any  thing  that  has  occurred  in  the 
king's  accession.     It  is  granted  up-    course  of  it,  I  will  content  myself 
on  the  principle  that  you  are  giving    with  remarking,  that  if  the  civil 
on  ample  provision  for  life,  aud  at    list  was  voted  from  «year  to  year, 
the  same  time  that  it  is  a  limited    tiiere  would  be  this  disadvantage, 
one  :  but  if  the  civil  list  is  to  com3    supposing  the  state  of  politics  to  bo 
repeatedly  tb  parliament   for  pay-    thd;  same  as  in  the  reign  pf  king 
meiit  of  debts,  it  is  highly  absurd    William  and  queen  Anne,  and  pcr- 
to  call  it  a  limited  civil  list.     See    haps  a  part  of  the  reigns  of  George 
to  what  the  argument  will  go  5  will    the  First  and  Second.    Are  we  sure 
it  not  be   the  strongest  argument    that  a  prince  who  wanted  money, 
ia  favour  of  the  megsur^  of,  gr^t     and  for  purposes  in  which  the  ifn 

H  4       .  icrest 


104        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

terest  of  the  nation  was  not  con-    should  be  in  the  situation  in  wbidi 
cemed,  would  not,  if  he  "uas  such    he  is  placed,  when  at   the    same 
a  character  as  king  William,    ap-    time  he  has  a  daim  upon  the  publie 
ply   both  to    the    whigs    and    the    for  a  debt  of  such  magnitude?  I 
tories  :  and  it  might  be  a  question    shall  be  happy  if  any  mode  can  be 
whether  those  should  not  receive    stated  by  which  the  question  m^ 
his  support  who  paid  him  the  most,    undci^o  legal  discussion,  {MPenoof 
With  a   view  to  the  pa}'ment  of    to  its  being  considered  by  the  boose; 
his    debts,    a*  king    might    make    I  for  one,  as  being  part  of  the  ad«  . 
choice  of  his  minister  not  so  much    ministration  of  17B3,   take  blame 
for    his    capacity,     his     integrity,    to  myself  for  not  having  pot  it  in  a 
and  his    public    character,    as  on    course  of  inquiry.     IMien  we  ooii« 
account    of  his  %  being    a    person    sider  that  the  claim  was  in  his  foyil 
who   would    at   various    times  be    highness  the  nooment  he  came  cf 
ready  to  apply  to  parliament  and  ^-    age,  we  ought  to  censure  our  owli 
cilitate  the    paying  of    the  arrears    negligence  in  leaving  if  to  be  i^ 
of  the  civil  list.     If   you    give   a    tated  now,  when  he  is  in  his  fortirak 
prince    a  nominally    limited   esta-    year.     It  is  neither  honourable  le 
blishnient,  and   at  the  same  time    the  coontry,     or  to  his  royal  lu^i* 
afford  bim  a  hope  that  you  will  also    ness.    Surely  the  boose  has  waitel 
pay  bis  debts,  you  place  him  in  a    long  enough ;  and  after  sudi  a  de* 
situation  of  running  into  great  ex-    lay,    it  would   be    fiur  to  in^inie 
penses,   to  defray  which    he  must    how  far  the  revenues  of  his  royal 
afterwards  depend    on  parliament,    highness  have  been  applied  in  aoA 
lliat   is  a  sort  of  dependence  on    of  the  civil  list."    The  honourable- 
parliament  which    I    think  ought    member  concluded  by  stating,  W^ 
not  to  exist  with  regard  to  a  king,    was  dear  the  daim  of  the  prino^ 
Upon  the  first  view,  therefore,  of    ought  to  be  paid  by  the  public,  and 
the  subject,    I  am  against  paying    that  it  was  material  and  impoitiait. 
the  debts  of  the  crown ;  they  may    that  the  question  should  be  settled.  ^ 
be  paid  by  setting  apart  a  certain        Mr.  Pitt. — '' I  too  mean  tatrooUe 
portion  of  the  dvil   list,    in    the    the  house  but  with  very  few  wordi^ 
same  manner  as  has    been    done    After  this  daim  of  his  loysi  bi|^ 
with  respect  to  the  establi^ment    ness  has  been  stated  in  the  manner 
of  the  prince  of  Wales.    Ihe  house    it  has,  and  with  so  much  propriety 
will  certainly  act  with  great  injus*    and  ability,  it  does  become  the  ho^ 
tice,  if  the  rule  which  was  appli-    nour  of  the  house  that  some  proper 
cable  to    the  debts    of  his    royal    mode  should  be  adopted  for  puttiar 
highness  is  not  to  be  applicable  to    it  in  a  course  of  inquiry.     I  shoold 
the  debts  of  the  dvil  list.     As  to    think  it  improper  to  offer  an  <^itiidii 
the  question  relating  to  his  royal    till- L  have  heard  every   thing  diat 
highness,  it  cannot  come  before  the    can  be  ofiered   upon  the  subject 
house  so   well  as    if  brought  for-    Whatever  preconceived  opinion  T 
ward   by  the  learned  gentieman  j    may  have  formed  in  consequence  of 
but  if  he  does  not,  I  hope  his  ma-    its  having  formerly  been  my  duty 
jesty's   ministers  will  submit  it  to    to  look  into  the  subject,  I  should' 
the  house  as  early  as  possible ;  for    feel  it  improper  to  state  that  opi« 
let  me  a^^k  the  house,  whether  it  is    nion  till  the  question  is  fiurly  m* 
fit  or  just  that  bis  royal  highness   cussed.    With  respect  to  the  other 

part 


HIS  TORY    O  F    EUROPE.         lOS 

§ 

pft  of  the  subject,  I  agree  with    an  ultimate   decision  5    and    I  rc- 
the  honourable  gentleman  opposite    joice  that   my   learned  friend  has    , 
me  in  one  thing  only,  that  the  best    taken   the  step   he    has    to  intro- 
time  for  discussing  ths  propriety  of    duce  it  to  the  consideration  of  the 
paying  the  debt,  or  augmenting  the    house." 

amount  of  the  civil  list,  will  be  After  some  observations  froift 
"vhen  the  house  shall  be  enabled  to  Mr.  Nicholas,  a  committee  wa^ 
form  a  judgment  as  to  the  circum-  moved  for  and  apJ)ointed  to  con- 
stances  by  which  the  debt  has  been  sider  the  papers  respecting  tht 
created.  Till  then  I  am  not  prer ,  above  claims, 
pared,  as  a  member  of  parliament.  On  the  same  day  leave  was  given 
to  give  any  opinion  other  than  an  to  bring  in  a  bill  to  repeal  tlie 
hjirpothetical  one  5  yet  I  must  say,  countervailing  duty  on  American 
that  the  grant  of  a  civil  list  for  life  vessels  3  the  American  govern- 
k  that  which  is  beyond  comparison  ment  havinpf  agreed  to  take  off  the 
to  be  preferred  to  any  other ',  it  is  duty  it  had  imposed  on  British 
I  practice  strengthened  by  example,    shipping. 

and  could  not  be  broke  into  with-        The  period  of    the    conclusiott 
out  violating    the    constitution  of    of  the  deQnitive  treaty  still  conti- 
the  country.     I  must  enter  my  pro-    nuing   undecided,    on  the    3d   of 
teat  at  once  to  k)  strange  a  doctrine    March    administration    was    again 
as' that  parliament,  by  granting  at    driven  to  the  necessity  ofdemand- 
the  crnnmenqement  of  a  reign  a    ing  a  supply  on  the  war  establish- 
civillist  establishment,  deprives  it-    ment  for  sixty-one  days;  the  sum 
idf  of  the  power  of  augmenting    to    be   raised    for    the  army  was 
its  amount,    if  the  Jincreased  rate     1,270,095/. 
of  expense,  ivhich  attaches  to  the        Mr.  Elliot,  Mr.  Wyndham,  Mr. 
crown  as  well  as  the  meanest  sub-    Baker,  and  Dr.  Lawrence,  pressed 
ject,  should  lequire  such  an  aug-    on  the  house  the  fraud  and  perfidy 
mentation.      I    will   never    admit    of  France  in   every  transaction  of 
that  parliament  can  abridge  its  in-    that  power  since  the  signiifg  of  the 
hererent  power  of  increasing  that    preliminary  articles.     That  the  hand 
gnint>  which  is  bestowed  not  more    that  signed   them    on  the  part  of 
For  the  gratification  of  the  sovereign    Great  Britain,-  had  signed  the  hu- 
than  Ibr  the  service  of  the  public  5     miliation,  the  disgrace,  and  the  de* 
Ac  support  <«f  the  different  depart-    clension  of  this  country;  that  the 
ments  of  state,    and  the  mainte-    situation  of  the  two  countries  were. 
nance  of  that  splendour  which  is    materially  altered  since  tliat  treaty ; 
Hot  only  essential,  but  is  the  vital    and  that  the  house  was  not  bound 
principle  inseparably  connected  with    by  its  former  opinion  upon  them, 
the  existence  of  a  monarchical  form    if  the  circumstances  which  led  to 
of  government.  I  therefore  appre-    that    opinion    no   longer    existed, 
tend  I  shall  differ  widely  from  the    The    acquisition   of  Louisiana  and 
honourable  gentleman  on  this  part    of  the  island  of  Elba  he  here  par- 
of  the    subject.      With  regard  to    ticularly  adverted  to. 
4e  other,  respecting  the  claim  of        Lords   Hawkesbury  and   Castle- 
liia  rt>yal  highness,    I   agree  with    reagh,  ^and   the   attorney    general 
iiim  that  it  ought  to  be  brought,  to    (Law)»   defended  the  measures  of 

-^overi- 


106       ANNUAL   REGISTER,  18W. 

gwemmcnt.    They  a5?€rtcd  that  do  and  bf  tbr^z^t ::  -rr:?  better  not  til 

blame  belonecd  toadmimsui.iwn  on  cx.-.ri:l::-  ii  ::^-^  =:r::  .v. 

the  subject  of  procrastinLitic:: :  iLjt  llie  i;:l2^.^w^sJ^  ci  L*:e  Exchofjucf 

«ther  tr<?atie».  had  been  longer  under  isaid,  Irr:  A  •:  ought  nci  to  be  exa- 

consideration;  th:.i   r?.*i;!:il    hopes  mV.Fft,  :i  c-v.ijr  rot  to  have  been 

might  be  entertaii.eu  of  the  an.i-  u?ecL  H?  c?r_5iJcTt*^  the  hcnoGrablc 

cable  tciminaiien  of  ;he  negotiat-OD  g-jniirman    brusd  either  to  prove 

at  Amiens  ;  bat  that  bhouid  it  be  his  a^srnion,  or  to  retract  it.    He 

otlK*n\'ise,  the  disappointment  shooki  wished  be  would  o2me  the  fact  fab 

be  met  with  manlinesa  and  £nrj:ess :  albjded  to^  and  appoint  a  dsf  te 

Mild  lord  IFiawke^buT)'   particularly  incuiring   into    it ;    otherwise,   he 

and   pointedly    expressed    himselt,  thought  he  stood  within  the  Gensme 

tiiat,  "  whatever  the  result  of  the  of  the  Louse,  for  having  made  nie 

preliminaries  might  be,  he  should  of  such  expressions, 

never   regret  the  share  he  had  in  Mr.  Robson  again  said,  that  the 

that  transaction,"   and    '^  that  the  expressions  had  tallen  fircai  him  in 

experiment  of  peace  was   at  least  the  heat  of  debate,  that  he  ooald 

as  wise  as  the  experiment  of  war.'*  prove  it  if  necessary,  but  that  it  was 

The  house  then  resolved  itself  into  his  opinion  the  less  that  was  add 

a  conmiittee   of   supply,    when   a  about  it  the  better. 

million  to  be  raised  on  exchequer  The   Secretary  at  War   said,  it 

bills  was  granted  to  his  majesty.  might  be  the  better  for  him  who 

When   the  report  of  the  com*  had  made  this  charge,  bat  not  for 

mittee  was   brought  up    the  next  that  house,  who  whm  it  was- made 

day,    a  conversation  of  an   angry  must  wish  to  ascertain   the   truth 

nature    arose    in    consequence    of  of  it. 

some  expressions  made  use  of  by  The  ChanceUco' of  the  Exchequer 

Mr.  Robson.     In  the  conclusion  of  called  upon  Mr.   Robson,  for  the- 

his  speecli,  after  having  expressed  public  oiHce  he  alluded  to,  and  n* 

his  dislike  of  monthly  votes  of  sup-  peated  his  words,  for  the  pmpoae 

plies,  he  added,    that  the  country  of  their  being  taken  down  by  the 

already  began  to  feel  the  ill  effects  clerk  of  the  house, 

of  them ',  that  it  was  absolutely  in-  Mr.  Robson  admitted,   that  tho 

solvent,  for  that  public  offices  had  chancellor    of  the  exchequer  had 

refused  payment  of  their  accepted  stated  the  substance  of  his  worda 

bills!      He    was  loudly   called   to  correctly.    The  office  was  the  sick 

order,  and  tlie  speaker  gave  it  as  and  hurt  oflfice :  a  government  ac- 

his  opinion  that  this  charge  against  ceptance  had   been  carried  thither 

the  government  was  disorderly.  by  a  banker,    a   member  of  that 

,  Mr.  Alexander  hoped  the  honour-  house,  which  was  refused  pajrment* 

able  gentleman    would   retract  an  The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 

assertion  so  injurious  to  the  credit  (after  whispering  for  some  time  to 

of  the  country.  Mr.  Martin,    the  member  alluded 

Mr.  Robson  said,  he  could  esta-  to,)  informed  tlie  house   that  thii 

blish  the  truth  of  the  assertion  by  transaction,  on  which  the  honourable 

evidence  j  but  that  the  expression  gentleman  had  presumed  to  charge 

came  out  in  the  warmth  of  4cbate^  the  government  of  the  country  with 

iusolvenc]r>. 


HISTORY     OP     EUROPE. 


lor 


insolvency,  was  about  a  bill  of  ooly 
19/.  7^'  Here  the  business  rested 
for  some  days  ;  but  upon  the  8tli  of 
March  it  was  brought  on  again  by 
the  chancellor  of  the  exchequer^ 
who  stated,  tliat  on  diligent  inquiry 
into  the  mode  of  transacting  business 
at  the  different  oifices,  it  appeared 
fliat  large  sums  of  money  were  not 
kept  deposited  at  these  offices^  but 
flie  payment  of  their  draughts  upon 
the  treasvuy  was  always  certain. 

Mr.  Martin,  the  member  dirough 
whose  hands  the  bill  in  question  had 
pissed^  said,  he  did  not  wish  to  take 
any  part  in  tliis  business ;  but  he 
Oiought  the  honourable  membex 
(Mr,  -Robson)  had  been  attacked 
with  rather  too  much  vivacity,  as 
if  what  he  had  assert^  had  been  a 
fel^ehood,  instead  of  a  fact  which 
\     could  be  proved  by  evidence. 

.  Mr.  Robson  tlie  next  day  moved 
;  for  papers  to  be  laid  before  tliat 
house,  which  would  prove  that 
many  instances  had  occurred  of 
similar  defaults  of  payment  at  the 
lame  office. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
moved  the  order  of  the  day  upon 
Mr.  Robson's  motion,  which  after 
a  good  deal  of  conversation  was 
carried,  and  here  tliis  extraordinary 
discussion  finally  terminated.  It 
appeared  in  the  course  of  it,  tiiat 
the  chancellor  of  the  exchequer, 
and  all  the  members  of  administra- 
tion, at  first  disbelieved  the  fact, 
and  therefore  took  up  Uie  business 
with  imcommon  seriousness,  and  ^ 
cona^iderable  degree  of  violence  3  but 
afterwards  it  appearing  that  the  facts 
stated  by  Mr.  Robso;i  were  unde- 
niably true,  and  only  that  the  con- 
clusion was  to  be  disputed,  name- 
ly, that  it  showed  the  government 
to  be  insolvent,  the  chancellor  of 
thp  exchequer  seemed  to  wi^h  to 


get  rid  of  the  business  in  ^ny  way, 
and  therefore  passed  to  the  order  of 
the  day  on  Mr.  Robson's  motion.' 

We  return  from  this  digression 
to  the  5  th  of  March,  when  there 
was  a  debate  of  some  moment  in 
tlie  house  of  commons,  on ,  the 
question  for  the  second  reading 
of  the  American  treaty  bill. 

General  Gascoyne  thought  this 
treaty  militated  against  all  the  prin- 
ciples of  our  navigation  law.  H« 
considered  the  Americans  had  al- 
ready but  too  extensive  privileges  ia 
trading  to  our  West  India-colonies; 
£ind  that  they  were  enabled  at  Ham- 
burgh, and  other  towns  on  the  con- 
tinent, to  rival  us  in  the  sale  o{  the 
produce  of  our  own  islands. 

Mr.  Vansittart  said,  that  the 
object  of  this  treaty  was  not  to 
grant  any  exclusive  privileges  to 
America,  but  to  take  oflf  certain 
countenailing  duties  which  pecu- 
liai'ly  pressed  upon  America.  He 
took  notice  of  the  great  increase  of 
the  export  of  our  manufactures  to 
America,  and  contended  that  it 
was  as  much  to  our .  advantage  as 
to  theu*s,  that  the  Americans  should 
be  able  to  supply  tliem selves  at  a 
cheap  rate,  which  would  of  course 
induce  that  country  to  be  stJU 
greater  consumers  ot  thenij 

Dr.  Lawrence  expressed  a  wish 
that  some  arrangement  for  the 
foundation  of  a  commercial  u-eaty 
with  France  itilght  be  made  before 
the  definitive  treaty  was  signed, 
and  before  the  one  in  question  was 
finally  concluded,  as- it  would  be 
highly  dangerous  to  the  interests  of 
this  counuy  should  the  contrary 
take  place. 

Lord  Hawkesbury  defended  the 
policy  of  taking  off  the  counter- 
vailing duties  in  both  countries, 
which,  in  the  first  place,  rendered 

their 


108        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


their  commercial  communication 
more  simple,  and  produced  this 
additional  advantage  to  us^  that  it 
would  enable  us  to  re-export  what 
we  had  imported  from  America  on 
better  terms,  and  in  that  respect 
prevent  the  rivality  of  other  na- 
tions. 

Mr.  Windham  considered  that 
neither  our  capital  nor  our  punc- 
tuality, would  be  for 'the  future 
able  to  protect  our  commerce  against 
tlie  determined  hostility  of  a  power 
so  enormous  as  Prance :  he  thought 
it  must  be  the  spirit  of  the  country, 
and  its  military  establishment, 
which  could  alone  make  it  respect- 
able for  the  future. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
spoke  at  considerable  length,  on 
nearly  the  same  grounds  with  Lord 
Hawkesburv :  he  asserted  that  the 
treaty  was  founded  upon  principles 
equally  just  and  politic,  both  with 
regard  to  America  and  ourselves. 

Dr.  Lawrence  and  lord  Hawkes- 
buiy  severally  explained,  and  the 
bill  was  fully  committed. 

The  death  of  Francis  duke  of 
Bedford,  which  we  have  already 
adverted  to,  and  which  occurred 
on  the  2d  day  of  March,  may  be 
considered  as  a  public  concern; 
his  vast  estates,  great  endowments, 
and  the  premature  termination  of  a 
life,  the  latter  part  of  which  seemed 
entirely  devoted  to  the  very  popular 
pursuit  of  improving  the  system  of 
the  rural  economy  of  his  country, 
caused  a  very  strong  degree  of  in- 
terest to  be  universally  felt  on  that 
melancholy  event.  During  his  life, 
as  a  public  character,  he  was  con- 
nected with  Mr.  Fox,  whose 
political  opinions  and  conduct  he 
was  warmly  attached  to,  and  by 
which  he  was  invariably  and  en- 
^rely  guided,  At  his  death,  as  a  last 


mark  of  his  regard,  he  bequeathed 
(among  other  legacies)  to  that  gen* 
deman  a  considerable  sum. 

On  the  l6th  of  the  same  montfap 
Mr.  Fox,  in  moving  a  new  writ 
for  the  borough  of  Tavistock,  (va«. 
cated  by  lord  John  Russell,  wboi 
had  succeeded  to  his  deceased  lnt>*i 
ther*s  titles),  took  occasion  to  maU| 
a  longhand  animated  eulogiiiqi  14 
the  house  of  commons  on  lusdo** 
parted  friend.  He  spoke  with*ceit« 
siderable  agitation,  and  nearly  t|| 
the  following  purport :  ^ 

('  I  am  well  aware,"  said  he,  **  tK^ 
this  is  not  exactly  the  place  ilor  tte 
occasion  for  entering  at  large  inte 
the  character  of  the  illustrious  ped^. 
sonage,  whose  decease  has  induoeif 
me  to  come  hither  to   perform  Jl 
painful  duty.     As  the  memary  d^ 
no  man  was  ever  more  generally 
revered,  so  the  loss  of  no  man  wai 
ever  more  greatly  felt.    In  a  casSy' 
'therefore,  of  so  mugh  importanoc^  . 
I  hope  I  shall  not  be  blamed,  iS» 
in  feeling  how  much  the  countn  ' 
has  suffered  by  this  event,  I  devialS 
a  little  from  the  usual  practice  q£ 
the  house.     The  noble  person  tyr 
whom  the  house  will  perceive  thoMt 
observations  are  applied,   was  dis* 
tinguished  by  something  so  greav. 
something    so    benign,    something^ 
so  marked  in  his  character,    that 
though  possessing  most  opulent  r©> 
venues,  and  though  placed  as  Mgh 
in  rank  and  wealth  as  hope  comi 
make  him,   yet  he   seemed  to  be 
raised  to  diat  exalted  station  onljr. 
that  his  example  might  have  tlie 
greater  value.     Having,  therefore^ 
so  much  of  public  calamity  to  dc» 
plore,    the  house  may  be  assured 
that  I  shall  not,  at  present,  indulge 
in  the  expression  of  any  of  those 
feelings  of  private   friendship  and 
gratitude,  which^    on  another  o6r 

casioD^i 


\ 


HISTORY     OF    EUROPE. 


109 


casion,    might    be    proper.      The 
loss  is  the  more  afflicting,  the  more 
to  be  regretted,  as  it  happened  at  a 
period  when    the    services  of  tliis 
noble  personage  were  likely  to  be 
most  b«ieficial  to  society  ;  when  he 
was  still  young  enough  to  give  the 
hope  of  further  services  3    still  ac- 
tive enough   for  'all  the   duties  of 
(»ublic  life :  and  while  he  still  pos- 
sessed   that    youthful    vigour    and 
energy    which    would    long    have 
eoamed  him  to  support  those  un- 
wearied exertions,  he  displayed  in 
every  thing  that   tended    to   pro- 
mote   the    interests   of    his  coun- 
try ;    exertions    which    afforded  a 
mfficient  pledge,  that,  had  he  lived, 
die  remainder  of  his  days  would 
have  been  devoted  to  acts  of  public 
benefit.     He  did   not  live  for  the 
pleasure  but  for  the  utility  of  life  ; 
OT  rather,  he  lived  for  the  highest 
enjoyment    existence    can    afibrd, 
tbal  of  doing  good  to  his  fellow 
creatures.     There  are  many  other 
amiable  traits  in  his  character  which 
I  shall  not  attempt  to  describe  here. 
I  may  be  permitted  to  observe,  how- 
ever, that  those  who  feel  that  the 
greatest  benefit  which  can  be  done 
to  this  or  any  other  country  is  to 


render  it  more  productive,  must  be 
sensible  that  the  nation  is  more  in- 
debted to  him  than  to  any  other 
person  for  tlie  efforts  he  made  to 
improve  its  agriculture.  -  What  was 
his  motive  for  attaching  himself  to 
this  pursuit  ?  Because  he  was  con- 
vinced, that  in  the  present  times 
that  was  the  best  direction  he  could 
give  to  his  talents  and  his  means  ia 
promoting  the  real  interests  of  his 
country  3  for  his  humility  was  such, 
tliat  he  conceived  no  pursuit  to» 
low  for  him  to  engage  in,  if  he 
foresaw  that  it  would  tend  to  public 
utility.  I  know,  that  if  the  noble 
personage  of  whom  I  have  spokca 
could  look  back  to  what  passed  in 
this  world,,  nothing  could  alibrd 
him  such  ineffable  pleasure,  as  the 
reflection  that  his  memory  should 
be,  as  his  life,  beneficial  to  man- 
kind. I  shall  conclude  with  a  pas- 
sage froni  a  very  young  orator, 
which  appears  particularly  appli- 
cable to  what  I  have  said.  *  Crime, 
is  only  a  curse  for  the  time,  even 
where  successful  5  but  virtue  may 
be  useful  to  the  remotest  posterity, 
and  is  even  almost  as  advantageous 
to  future  generations  as  to  its  ori- 
ginal possessor.* " 


X 


CHAP. 


110        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  I80i2. 


CHAP.    X. 

( 

Parliameufary  Proceedings  continued. — Debate  qn  the  Ciml  List  Deli'^^. 
in  the  Lords — and  Cornmons,^^ Address  voted. — Delate  on  the  Prince  o/*- 
JVales's  Claims — House  resolves  not  to  entertain  them,^^C(mdderatioW 
i  her  eon,  * 


AN  interesting  debate  took 
place  in  both  houses  of  par- 
liament, on  the  subject  of  his 
majesty's  message  respecting  the 
dvil  list.  The  29th  of  March  was 
the  day  appointed  for  taking  it  into 
consideration. 

In  the  house  of  lords,  lord  Pel- 
ham  (secretary  ef  state)  stated  the 
expenditure  of  the  civil  list,  under 
the  following  classes.  1st,  The  pen- 
sions and  allowances  to  the  royal 
family ;  2d,  the  salaries  of  the 
lord  chancellor,  the  speaker,  and 
the  judges  of  England  and  Wales ; 
3d,  salaries  of  the  ministers  to 
foreign  courts;  4th,  tradesmen's 
bills  J  5 til,  wages  to  the  servants  of 
the  household,  including  the  pen- 
sion list.  There  was  another  class, 
under  the  head  of  occasional  pay- 
ments; and  lastly,  a  general  one 
for  all  salaries  chargeable  on  the 
civil  list.  His  lordship  then  ob- 
served upon  the  necessaiy  increase  in 
the  expenses,  on  account  of  the  in- 
creasing prices  of  every  tiling.  The 
income  of  the  civil  list  was  not  like 
the  income  of  a  private  nobleman 
or  gentleman,  whose  estate  usually 
increased  in  value  proportionally  to 
the  increased  price  of  the  neces- 
saries of  life.  The  civil  list,  on  the 
contraryj  was  a  permanent  thing, 

3 


that  never  could  increase  but  bjr* 
the  vote  of  parliament,  and  yet,- 
notwithstanding  it  had  not  been  in^^p* 
creased  for  the  last  sixteen  years^  • 
the  debt  which  was  accumulatedr 
does  not  exceed  one  year's  inccnoae*^ 
He  had  no  doubt  but  their  lord*.* 
ships  would  readily  and  gladly  vot&» 
such  relief  to  the  civil  list  as  wati 
necessary.  He  concluded  by  mov* 
ing  an  address  declaratory  of  tkit 
sentiment.  -» 

Lord  Fitz William  moved  a»; 
amendment  to  the  address,  by 
leaving  out  part  of  it,  and  inserting 
wonds  signifying  that  the  houflO 
would  immediately  proceed  to  in*.. 
quire  into  the  causes  of  this  debijf 
and  the  excess  of  the  expenses. 
His  lordship's  argument  principalljf ' 
turned  on  this  point,  that  it  was, 
at  first  sight,  impossible  that  toy 
debt  could  have  been  contracted, 
unless  by  a  direct  violation  of 
that  act  of  parliament  which  had 
been  brought  in  by  Mr.  Burke,  for 
the  regulation  of  the  expenses  of 
the  royal  household. 

Lord  Hobart  supported  the  ori« 
ginal  address,  as  the  only  mannet 
of  proceeding,  which  would  marlk 
a  proper  respect  for  his  majesty. 

Lord    Holland     supported    the 
amendment^  and  said  he  could  not 


HI  STORY    OFEUROPE.  Ill- 

rote  for  the  payment    of   any  of  port  of  royalty  during  the  last  cca- 

this  debt  without  a    previous'  inr  tury,  and  showed  that  the  present 

quiry.     He  said,  that  although   it  income  of  the  crown  was  less  thaa 

was  distinctly  admitted  tliat  the  in-  it  had  been  (when  the  present  value 

creased  expenses   were  not  in  hid  of  money  was  considered)  for  a  great 

majesty's  household,  yet  he  diought  number  of  reigns.     King  William 

it  well  to  apprize  the  house,  that  theThirdhadan  income  0^700,000/.' 

if  the  civil  list  had  not  increased  of  per  annum  clear  j  and  if  his  majesty 

late  years  like  the  estates  of  private  continued  to  possess  tlie  hereditary 

gentlemen,    yet*  his   majesty    was  revenues  of  the  crown,  which  had 

not  liable   to  the  income  tax,   as-  been  given  in  exchange  for  this  an* 

ficssed  taxes,  and  many  otliers  that  nuity,  he  would  be  richer  tiian  he^ 

fell  upon  the  fortunes   of  private  now  is,  by  eleven  millions,    As  ha 

gentlemen.     The    fact  was,    that  supposed  it  must  be  the  wish  of  the 

this    debt    principally    arose   from  house  to  support  the  crown  in  the 

what  ministers  had  classed  as  *'  oc-  same  splendour  as  in  former  reigns, 

casional  payments,"  and  of  which  he  supix)rted  the  address.  The  house 

they  did  not  appear  much  disposed  then  divided,  when  there  appeared 

torender  any  account.     Hejthought  JPor  the  address    -    do 

this  account  was  due  to  parliament.  Against  it   -    -    -      4              - 

and  he  saw  no  reason  why,  "as  in  — 

the  case  of  the  prince   of  Wales,  Majority    -    56 

a  sinking  fund  should  not  be  created.  In  the  house  of  commons,  on  the 

0ut  of  his  majesty's  income,  for  the  same  night,  the  debate  was  opened 

payment  of  his  debts.  by 

Lord  Moira  spoke  very  eloquently  The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer, 

on  the  necessity  of  supporting  the  who  began  by  observing,  that  though 

crown  in  its  proper  splendour,  and  l}e  had  no  doubt  of  the  ioyal  attach- 

against  the  popular   opinion,   that  ment  of  the  house  to  the  person  of 

royalty  was  the  most  expensive  fprm  their  sovereign,  and  tliat  they  would 

of  government.     He,  howev^er,  dis-  be  readily  induced,    by  motives  of 

approved  of  the  large  sums  given  generosity  and  aliection,  to  vote  that 

under  the  head  of  "  occasional  pay-  his  establishment  should   be  freed 

ments,"  and  in  voting  for  the  address  from  all  incumbrances  3  yet  upon  the 

ty  no  means  intended  to  preclude  present  occasion  it  was  not  to  their 

himself  from  future  inquiry.  generosity,  but  to  tlieir  justice,  he 

Lord  Caernarvon  also  spoke  at  meant  to  appeal.  He  trusted  that 
great  lengtli  in  favour  of  an  inquiry,  tlie  most  diligent  inquiry  which 
previous  to  voting  a  sum  for  the  pay-  could  be  made  on  this  subject,  would 
ment  of  this  debt.  Besides  the  only  tend  to  prove  tliat  Jiis  majesty 
"  occasional  payments,**  which  did  not  receive  out  of  the  civil  list 
amounted  to  so  large  a  sum,  he  tlial  enormous  sum,  which  many 
objected  to  the  salary  of  a  third  ignorant  persons  supposed,  for  his 
secretary  oi'  state,  which  was  charge-  private  expenditure.  On  the  con- 
able  on  this  fund.  trary,  his  majesty  did  not  now  pos- 

Lord  Westmoreland  compared  the  sess  a  greater,  or  hardly  an  equal, 

civil  list  at  present,  with  what  had  income  to  diat  of  any  otlier  sove- 

beeo  the  estaWisbuacnl  for  the  sup*  reign  who  ever  S4t  on  the  British 

throne* 


112        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  18d2. 

throne.     In  ancient  times  the  in-  opinion  of  the  comroittee,  thit  « 

come  of  the  kings  of  England  was  sum    not  exceeding  990,053/.   bs 

■o  great,  tliat  they  Iiad  hardl}'  any  granted  to  his  majes^,  to  dischaijge 

occasion  to  call  up.on  their  people,  arrears  and  debts  due  and  owing  om 

and  could  even  spare  liirge  sums  for  the  cinl  list,  on  the  18th  of  Jana- 

tjKMjppression  of  ihcir  pt^ople.     In  ary  1802." 

tlu;  ntigns  of  Charles  the  Second  and        Mr.  Fox  rose,  and  made  one  of 

James  the  Second,  the  revenue  of  the  most  eloquent  and  able  speedia 

the  crown   amounted  to  near  two  that  he  had  ever  delivered  cmanjoc* 

millii^ns   annually.      But   to  come  casion.  He  declared,  that  so  £»*  fion 

nearer  to  our  own  times,   neither  wishing  to  scrutinize  with  -severitf  ^ 

George  the   First   nor  George   tlie  all  the  minute  expenses  of  the  rojfll 

Second    had   a    less    income    than  ^mily,  he  felt  as  strongly  at  vaf 

600,(X>o/.    annually.     His    present  man,  that  the  splendour  of  the  throoQ 

majibty,  notwithstanding  the  great  should  be  preserved,  and  he  wished  ai 

increase  of  the  prices  of  cver>'  thing,  much  as  possible  to  relieve  the  sove^    - 

had  only  the  same  annual  sum  set-  reign  from  any  difficulty  or  €vab»*' 

tlitd  on  him  at  his  accession.    The  rassment,  but  he  could  by  no  mcani  , 

consecjuence  necessarily   was,   that  allow  that  the  comparison,  whidi  '--. 

fri)m  Ilia  accession  to  the  year  iTSt),  had  been  made  between  his  majesty^   '^] 

debts    had    been    incurred  to    the  income  and  that  of  former  kingi  ^^ 

amount  ofa  million  and  a  halfj  which  of  England  was  at  all  fair.    Th*    ' 

purUamtni  then  urovidt^  for.     For  times  had  completely  changed ;  and    . 

the    dibts    which     had     unavoid-  tlie  histor)' of  the  ancient  kings  of   - 

«bly  hern  rontrai  led  since,  he  tru^t-  England  had  no  beaiing  upon  tli#   "^5 

ed  parliainrnt   would   now  provide  mse  of  the  present  kings.     If  before    ^ 

will)  n\m\  ttlacritv.     Having  touch-  the  revolution,  the  kings  were  poa*  •"] 

on  the  ui  irKsaiy  merease  of  the  ex-  sessed  of  immense  hereditary  re?e^   ^ 

|>ehi>t'H  on  the  civil  list,   in  i^>nse-  nues.  those  revenues  were  in  fact  tlit .  ^ 

ciuciur  (.f  tlie  increased  allowance  to  resourses  of  the  nation  and  held  ia    ' 

nui'i^n  ministers,  to  the  expenses  of  trust  for  them.     It  was  firom  thoie    ' 

the  younger  branches  of  the  royal  revenues  that  the  defence  of  tht  .' 

funtiiy,  and  the  increased  expense  of  country,  and  all  the  ordinary  ex*    \ 

hib  niaj(*sty*s  household,  he  said  he  penses  of  government,  were  maiQ*    ." 

felt  |>ertictly  convinced  tliat  parlia-  tained.     But,  since  t}»&  leTdntioo^  *; 

ment  would  be  surprised  at  nnding  the  case  is  altered :  now  it  is  tha 

tbe  debt  was  not  greater,  and  tliat  the  parliament  which  provides    meana. 

splendour    and    royal    munificence  for  the  defence  of  the  country^  and 

which  became  the  throne,  had  been  for  the  pa}'inent  of  its  armies.    The  ' 

supported  at  so  small  an   expense,  civil  list   establishment    is   now  a 

He  then  tlnew  out  an  idea,  which  he  mere  annuity  for  the  support  of  the 

allowed   the  present   was  not    the  splendour  and  comforts  c^ the  throne^ 

time  to  discuss,  that  very  probably  Neither  would  he  allow  that  hii 

the  sale  of  the  crown  lands  in  the  majesty's  income  was  less  than  lua    ■ 

West  India  islands  might  be  applied  predecessors  in  any  respect  j  besides 

to  the  purpose  of  contributing  to  the  the  sum  of  800,000/.  annually,  which 

sum  he  now  demanded.     He  con-  was   the  income  at  his  accession^ 

•luded  with  moving,  ^'  that  it  is  the  parliament  had  not  only  discharged 

2  debts 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


113 


debts  and  incumbrances  at  different 
times,  but  in  1777  an  additional 
100,000/.  per  annum  was  granted. 
Since  that  time,  in  consequence  of 
Mr.  Burkes  bill,  places  to  the 
amount  of  30,000/.  per  annum  had 
ceased,  which  acted  as  an  increase 
to  the  civil  Ust.  He  was  always  of 
opinion  that  the  civil  list  should  be 
TOted  at  the  commencement  of  every 
reign,  and  that  when  a  certain  sum, 
namely  pOO^OOO/.  annually  had  been 
granted,  ministers  had  no  right  to 
let  the  expenses  be  950,000/.  above 
that  income,  and  then  call  upon  par- 
liament for  the  difference.  He 
thought  the  proper  plan  would  be  to 
.  pay  the  debts  of  the  civil  list  by 
ititm"e  savings,  as  had  been  done  in 
the  case  of  the  prince  of  Wales.  He 
thought  the  proper  address  for  the 
house  to  present  to  his  majesty  on 
the  occasion,  would  be  to  suggest 
to  him,  with  all  possible  respect, 
that  he  should  distrust  those  mi- 
nisters who  lead  hirii  into  unneces- 
sary expense,  and  that  he  ought  in 
•  ^  matters  of  finance  to  comply  with 
the  restrictions  of  parliament^  and 
that  he  should  square  his  expenses 
by  the  rules  Which  they  in  their 
wisdom  had  prescribed. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
shortly  explained.  He  said  that  Mr. 
Burke  himself,  who  had  brought  in 
the  bill,  did  not  object  in  1792  to 
a  statement  of  debts  subsequently 
contracted. 

Mr.  Pitt  replied  with  the  most 
pointed  sarcasm  to  a  part  of  Mr. 
Fox's  speech,  in  which  the  latter 
had  said  it  would  be  a  great  hardship 
on  the  people  to  pay  the  law  ex- 
penses that  had  been  contracted  by 
the  arbitrary  imprisonments  and 
other  strong  measures  (as  they  were 
called)  of  the  late  administration. 
He  denied  that  those  cases  which 

Vol.  XLIV. 


had  been  cited  by  that  honourable 
gentleman,  had  any  bearing  on  the 
present  case,  or  in  the  least  war- 
ranted the  conclusions  he  had  drawn 
from  them ;  but  he  would  appeal, " 
not  to  ancient  history,  but  to  tlie 
records  of  the  journals  of  that  house, 
that  in  r783,  at  the  time  when  the 
honourable  gentleman  (Mr.  Fox) 
was  secretary  of  state,  Mr.  Burke 
paymaster,  and  lord  George  Caven- 
dish chancellor  of  the  exchequer, 
there  was  an  exceeding  upon  the 
civil  list  equal  to  that  of  1784.  The 
honourable  gentleman  certainly  could 
not  show  a  precedent  of  a  similar 
case  being  stated  to  parliament, 
where  the  application  was  refused, 
and  certainly  he  could  not  show  a 
case  which  was  ever  more  fairly 
laid  before  parliament.  Some  of 
the  increased  expenses  necessarily 
grew  out  of  the  war  5  for  instance, 
the  increased  number  of  foreign 
messengers,  and  of  some  extraordi- 
nary ambassadors.  He  also  justi- 
fied a  measure  which  had  been  ob- 
jected to  in  botli  houses,  namely, 
the  appointment  of  a  third  secretaiy 
of  state.  He  said  the  times  required 
extraordinary  vigilance,  and  this 
measure  became  necessary.  After 
answering  a  number  of  more  miiiute 
objections,  he  contended  that  it  must 
be  obvious,  that  the  increase  of  the 
expenses  of  tlie  civil  list,  from  his 
majesty's  accession  to  the  present 
moment,  which  had  been  only  in  a 
proportion  as  from  8  to  9  J,  was  by 
no  means  equal  to  the  decreased 
value  of  money  since  that  period. 
There  was  another  circumstance 
which  also  deserved  the  most  serious 
consideration.  The  hereditary  re- 
venue, which  had  been  given  up  to 
the  nation  in  exchange  for  tlie  civil 
list,  had  increased  to  the  value  of 
1,800,000/.  amiuajly,  and  was  nowv 
I  one 


114        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    180«. 


one  of  the  great  soUi'ccs  of  wealth 
which  the  country  had  derived  under 
the  present  reign.  He  conchided  a 
very  able  spcecli  by  voting  for  the 
address. 

Mr.  Tierney  entered  into  a  pretty 
fall  examination  of  tlie  accounts 
presented  on  this  occasion,  and  of 
the  classes  under  wliich  they  were 
arranged.  He  objected  to  the  large 
payments  which  were  stated  ge- 
nerally, as  **  occasional  payments." 
He  also  objected  to  the  enormous 
expenses  charged  as  law  expenses  - 
he  kncAV  that  in  the  beginning  of 
the  war  fourteen  or  fifteen  counsel 
were  employed  on  the  part  of  the 
crowji  in  the  state  ti"ials.  This  was, 
in  his  opinion,  a  wanton  waste  of 
the  public  money.  The  creation  of 
the  place  of  third  sccretar}'  was,  he 
Ihougiit,  unnecessary,  and  die  ex- 
pense enormous^  amounting  to  no 
less  than  26',000/.  per  aiin. 

Afier  some  observations  from 
«dier  gentlemen,  and  after  the 
amendment  was  put  and  negatived, 
the  question  on  the  original  address 
was  put,  and  the  house  divided,  - 
Ayes  ^^  -  226  • 
Noes  -         -         51 

Majority  -  1 75 
On  the  :ilst  of  March,  being  two 
^:Hys  aftf^r  the  debate  on  the  civil  list, 
a  \  cry  serious  d(?bate  took  pla;  e  in 
tlie  house  of  commons,  with  res|)ect 
to  the  claims  of  the  prince  of  Wales 
on  account  of  tiie  arrears  due  from 
his  revenues  in  C4>nivvall. 

Mr,  Manners  Sutton  rose  to  make 
his  promised  motion  upou  this  sub- 
ject; the  motion  was,  that  a  com- 
mittee be  appointed  to  inquire  what 
iums  arising  from  the  revenues  of 
the  dutchy  of  Cornwall  had  been  re- 
«eived,  and  under  what  authority, 
»int«  the  birth  of  his  royal  hi^luitsi. 


till  tl:e  period  of  his  arriving  at  tlie 
age  of  twenty-one  years.  lie  also 
wished  to  inquire  into,  what  sums  ^ 
had  been  advanced  towards  the  pay- 
ment of  his  royal  highness's  debts 
up  to  tlie  27th  of  June  1795.  If  tlie 
house  should  resolve  upon  the  ap- 
pointment of  the  committee,  tliere 
would  be  two  questions  for  their 
consideration :  J  st,  Whedier  hid 
royal  highness  be  or  be  not  entitle^  . 
to  the  arrears  of  the  revenues  of  the 
dutchy  of  Cornwall  ?  and  whether, 
if  he  be,  those  arrears  have  not  beea 
ex{x?nded  for  the  public  ser\'ice  ?  He 
then  proceeded  to  the  claims  of  hia 
royal  highness.  In  the  first  place, 
this  claim  was  founded  upon  a  gi'ant 
of  Edward  tlie  Third,  to  his  son  the! 
Black  Prince.  He  conveyed  that, 
dutchy  and  its  revenue  to  his  son  for  ' 
his  maintenance,  when  that  prince 
w^as  but  eight  years  old.  The  ob- 
ject of  tliis  grant  was  to  secure  the 
heir  apparent  an  income  indepen* 
dent  of  the  crown,  and  the  conse- 
quence of  it  has  been  to  vest  the 
dutchy  in  the  prince  of  Wales  for  ' 
ever  since,  from  the  moment  of  hta 
birth.  The  prince  of  Wales  waA 
therefore  entitled  to  the  revenues  of 
it  from  the  moment  of  his  birth.  It 
therefore  would  be  an  extraordinary 
thing  to  assert,  that  the  king  had,  a 
right  to  hold  those  revenues  till  the 
moment  of  the  prince  arriving  at  the 
age  of  twenty-cne,  and  without  ren-  , 
dering  any  account  of  them.  Whea.. 
he  said,  his  majesty  had  retained 
them,  he  b)'^  no  means  meant  that 
he  had  retained  tlicm  for  hisowo. 
use 5  those  rexenues  were  otherwise 
applied.  Great  doubts  had  been  en- 
Lertaiued  on  this  subject,  and  by  higb 
legal  authorities ;  tlie  first  doubt 
\v  as,  whether  the  king  had  not,  a& 
guardian  to  his  children,  a  claim  oi| 
tiio^e  revenuet».      Thbi  doubt  wa% 

howeyei: 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


i  la 


however  soon  got  rid  of,  it  beipg 
dear  that  this  oppressive  sort  of 
guardianship  was  got  rid  of  entirely 
by  tJie  act  of  kiivg  Charles  the 
Second.  Another  doubt  was  whe- 
ther the  king  had  not)  by  some  sort 
of  prerogative^  a  power  to  claim 
those  rexxnues.  This  doubt  was  :ilso 
disposeil  of,  it  being  clear  that  lii^ 
prerogative  was  limited  by  the  l; rant 
itself.  The  learned  gentleman  then 
mentioned  the  many  princes  of 
Wales  who  hod  been  foimaily  in- 
vested with  this  dutch V  when  under 
age  J  among  the  rest,  Henry  the 
Fifth,  who  received  it  at  ten  vear^ 
of  age.  Prince  Aithur,  son  of  Henry 
Ihe  Se^'cnth,  w«xs  invested  immedi- 
ately upon  liis  birih,  and  after  his 
death  his  brother,  afterwards  Henry 
the  £iglith,  succeeded  him.  After 
stating  all  the  cases  of  former  princes 
of  Wales,  vn-howcre  acknowledgtrd 
dukes  of  Cornwall  from  their  binh, 
he  cited,  as  the  most  nKxlern  and 
recent  that  could  be  produced,  that 
the  father  of  the  present  king,  being 
nnder  age  at  the  accession  of  George 
the  Second,  had  an  account  ren- 
dered him,  at  the  time  of  his  coming 
of  age»  of  the  revenues  of  that  dutchy 
from  the  day  of  his  father's  accession 
to  the  crown.  The  same  rights  were 
evidently  vested  in  his  royal  high- 
ness from  his  birth  ;  ancl  the  late 
chancellor  of  the  exchequer  must 
admit,  that  the  surplus  revenues  of 
the  dutchy  of  Cornwall  had  been  ap- 
jilied  to  the  aid  of  the  civil  list.  The 
principal  motive  which  induced  his 
mjral  highness  to  brin^  this  question 
£irward,  was  an  anxious  desire  to 
itaiid  well  in  the  eye  of  the  public, 
and  to  prove  to  them,  that  if  his 
rights  had  been  duly  acknowledged, 
he  should  have  been  no  burden  to 
the  people,  but  that  ail  his  expenses, 
whether  incurrc\l  prudently  or  not, 


would  have  fallen  on  himself.  The 
learned  gentleman  concluded  a  very 
able  statement,  by  moving  that  a 
select  commitiee  should  be  appointed 
to  inquire  into  the  application  of  the 
revenues  of  Cornwall  during  the 
minority  of  his  royal  highness  j  as 
a' so  respecting  the  several  sums 
which  have  been  voted  by  parliament 
for  the  discharge  of  tiie  prince's 
debts. 

Sir  Ralph  Milbank  seconded  the 
motion,  and  expressed  tlie  firmest 
ctinviction  of  the  justice  of  the 
prince's  claims. 

Mr.  Fuller  quoted  prccedenti 
from  the  joiunals  of  the  house,  to 
prwe  that  the  dutchy  of  Cornwall 
was  consideretl  inde[x*ndent  of  the 
crown,  and  bek>nging  to  the  princd 
of  Wales.  He  thought  the  house 
even  bound  by  the  precedents  in  the 
R'cords  of  their  journals. 

The  Chancellor  of  tlie  Exchequer 
discussed  tliis  subject  at  very  con- 
siderable length  :  he  confessed  that 
the  el'iim  of  the  prince  by  no  means 
appeared  to  Jiis  judgment  to  be  so 
clear  and  indisputable  as  had  been 
stated  by  the  learned  gttntlenian 
who  moved  the  present  question; 
and  highly  as  he  respected  the  legal 
knowledge  and  great  talents  of  the 
honourable  mover,  yet  there  were 
other  professioiial  grjitlemen,  whose 
learning  and  tilents  he  was  also 
bound  to  respect  highly,  who  enter- 
tained an  idea  \try  ditierent  on  the 
point  of  law,  from  that  which  had 
been  cxpres:>ed  by  the  learned  gen- 
tleman. 'I'hc  point  of  law,  which 
had  Ikxju  stared  as  clearly  with  the 
claim  of  the  princr,  was,  iJiat  the 
statute  of  Charles  II.  abolishing  mi- 
litary te'iiu-es,  services,  &<\ab())ished 
generally  tlie  old  right  of  ward  ex- 
isting in  the  guardian,  and  wliicli 
applied  to  the  present  case.     There 


116 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1809: 


had  ban  oinioT.s  cf  ihv.  highest 

I  ■ 

anthoiity,  lli:it  tliis  siatiito  did  not 
divest  his  iwj'y  ^tv  of  tlic  aiuirnt 
right  of  ward  to  ll)f  nvoniirs  of  the 
diiichy,  iiiuil  wljat  th<*  law  calls 
livery  of  schhi  uMs<li-mand<:d  on  the 
part  of  hi.->  royal  i:i  linos.  As  this 
was  merely  a  qiic^tiuii  of  law,  it 
beccime  him  to  -jk  ak  wirh  dithdcncc 
upon  it;  but  ho  could  assure  the 
liouse,  that  somf!  of  the,  hi;rhcst 
lc;ral  authorities h«id  hcl^l  an  opinion 
adverse  from  the  claim  of  tlic  prince. 
He  thoni;ht  it  would  '•><:  sulficicnt  to 
stale,  that  it  was  a  ti'mi'tuil  f|acstion 
of  law,  to  convir.ce  tlie  lio»i«.c  tliat 
it  was  not  th(  ir  province  to  deter- 
mine it.  If  the  priiiCc  had  a  lej^al 
right,  he  had  uixlfaihtedly  a  leral 
redress  by  prtithm  tf  ruflii,  or  in 
some  olhtr  shapr.  Alihon^^h  tins 
was  his  o])ir.ion  on  xhr.  matu  r  of 
rj«rht,  yet  he  would  not  wish  to  l>c 
considered  as  having  ad\isf  d  that  or 
any  other  measure.  A-i  to  tin-  otlier 
point,  the  balance  of  accf»unt?»  be- 
lw<rcn  tJie  prince  and  tiie  public, 
which  the  learned  rjentleman  had 
stated,  that  his  royal  higlmcss  only 
wished  to  have  brought  forward  for 
the  p\npose  of  settiuj;  Iiimself  well 
in  fh(^  eyes  of  the  public,  he  could 
not  but  observe,  that  this  motive 
reflected  the  highest  honour  on  his 
royal  highness,  and  that  the  state- 
nient  of  it  must  protluce  that  e/Kul, 
IK)  ne<:(ssary  l>olh  to  his  situation 
and  to  the  welfare  of  the  country  : 
but  hii^hlv  as  he  admired  the  nio- 
tive  which  actuated  his  mval  ];i"h- 
ness,  he  <*ould  by  iiomrai-.s  a<i;:i;t, 
that  the  balance  of  nccounts  Ik^v.  rm 
the  prince  and  the  public  (if  this 
claim  was  admitted)  wouUl  turn 
out  to  be  in  favour  of  th**  prinre.  li 
it  wa^  ali-uved,  to  the  fullest  extent, 
til  at  die  priucr  of  Wale-s  was  arwo- 
iuu^v  euutlcJ,  fiom  liis  biiih^  to 


the  ro'cnaes  of  the  da^Ajtjtihhf 
no  means  foUovedthMtlieapesBei 
of  his  niaintenaoce  and  (dootioB 
durin^r  his  mlnaritr  dioold  not  be 
defrayed  out  of  thcKC  HCTCUPtt,  bot 
be  borne  entirelj  br  his  mqci^  oat 
of  li  is  ci\  il  list,  aid  vet  it  vas  mcRlf 
on  this  supposinon  thai  the  klet  i 
a  large  balance  doe  id  the  prim 
was  founded.     He  oondd   by  bo 
means  beliere,  that  it  «as  the  in- 
tention of  Edward  the  Ihlrdp  lAo 
first  made  this  grant  to  lus  joB% 
son,  the  Black   Prince,   that  tbe 
whole  re>'enues  of  thedatcfajvereto 
be  appropriated  for  the  prinoey  aal 
yet  that  all  the  expense  of  his  mniH 
tenancc  was  to  be  defraved  bf  hioi- 
self.     However,  he  did  not  hkm 
to  give  any  decided  0[Nniaii  UfiB 
the  q  ucstion.    His  great  objeotian  H 
the  present  motion  was,  that  its  ob- 
ject was,  first  to  decide  the  legal  lig^f 
which  he  thought  the  hoilse  ooud 
not  do ;  and  afierH-ards  to  older  « 
account.  As  he  could  not  appfotecf 
or  support  the  motion,  and  jet  dil 
not  wish  absolutely  to  oppoae  it,  te 
concluded  by  moving,    "  that  the 
other  orders  of  the  day  be  now  read." 
Mr.  Erskine  then  rose  and  sup- 
ported^ in  a  very  able  and  aigunaen- 
tative  speech,    the  claims  of  tfaa 
prince.     He  admitted,  that  if  die 
point  of  law  was  doubtiiil,  it  sfaodd 
be  submitted  to  another  tribtmaL, 
But  he  considered  die  point  so  per* 
feetly  settled,  that  in  a  question  be- 
tween  the  prince  of  Wales  and  tbb 
hing,  it  was  the  house  of  commoDi 
that  on  Jit  to  examine  the  subject^ 
esp<;cially  when  the  object  of  it  wai 
to  determine  how  the  accounts  be- 
tween the  prince  and    the  public 
slor>d,  or  whether  the  prince  was 
nnlly  a  debtor  to  the  nation,  or  a 
c!(ilitr)r.    Ihc   learned  gentleman 
tlivu  examined  all  the  prccedcflts  of 

the 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.        lid 


however  soon  got  rid  of,  it  beipg 
dear  that  this  oppressive  sort  of 
guardianship  was  got  rid  of  entirely 
by  tlie  act  of  king  Charles  the 
Second.  Another  doubt  was  whe- 
ther the  king  had  not>  by  some  sort 
of  prerogative)  a  power  to  claim 
those  revenues.  This  doubt  was  also 
disposed  of,  it  being  clear  that  his 
prerogative  was  limited  by  the  grant 
kself.  The  learned  gentleman  then 
mentioned  the  many  princes  of 
Wales  who  had  been  foimally  in- 
vested with  this  dutchy  when  under 
age  3  among  the  rest,  Henry  the 
Fifth,  who  received  it  at  ten  years 
of  age.  Prince  Aithur,  son  of  Heniy 
the  Seventh,  was  invested  immedi- 
ately upon  his  birth,  and  after  his 
death  his  brother,  afterwards  Henry 
the  Eighth,  succeeded  him.  After 
stating  all  the  cases  of  former  princes 
of  Wales,  sirho  were  acknowledged 
dukes  of  Cornwall  from  their  birth, 
he  cited,  as  ihe  most  modern  and 
recent  that  could  be  produced,  that 
the  father  of  tlie  present  king,  being 
under  age  at  the  accession  of  George 
the  Second,  had  an  account  ren- 
dered him,  at  the  time  of  his  coming 
of  age,  of  the  revenues  of  that  dutchy 
from  the  day  of  his  father's  accession 
to  the  crown.  The  same  rights  were 
evidently  vested  in  his  royal  high- 
ness from  his  birth  j  and  the  late 
chancellor  of  the  exchequer  must 
admit,  that  the  surplus  revenues  of 
the  dutchy  of  Cornwall  had  been  ap- 
plied to  the  aid  of  the  civil  list.  The 
principal  motive  which  induced  his 
rojral  highness  to  bring  this  question 
forward,  was  an  anxious  desire  to 
stand  well  in  the  eye  of  the  public, 
and  to  prove  to  them,  that  if  his 
rights  had  been  duly  acknowledged, 
he  should  have  been  no  burden  to 
the  people,  but  that  all  his  expenses, 
whether  incurred  prudently  or  not. 


would  have  fallen  on  himself.  Th^ 
learned  gentleman  concluded  a  very 
able  statement,  by  moving  that  a 
select  committee  should  be  appointed 
to  inquire  into  the  application  of  the 
revenues  of  Cornwall  during  the 
minority  of  liis  royal  highness ;  as 
a' so  respecting  tlie  several  sums 
which  have  been  voted  by  parliament 
for  the  discharge  of  the  prince's 
debts. 

Sir  Ralph  Milbank  seconded  the 
motion,  and  expressed  tiie  firmest 
conviction  of  the  justice  of  the 
prince's  claims. 

Mr.  Fuller  quoted  precedents 
from  the  journals  of  the  house,  to 
prove  that  the  dutcliy  of  Cornwall 
was  considered  inde[)endent  of  the 
crown,  and  bekjnging  to  the  princo 
of  Wales.  He  thought  the  house 
even  bound  by  the  precedents  in  the 
records  of  tlieir  journals. 

The  Chancellof  of  (he  Exchequer 
discussed  this  subject  at  very  con- 
siderable length  :  he  confessed  that 
the  claim  of  the  prince  by  no  means 
appeared  to  his  judgment  to  be  so 
clear  and  indisputable  as  had  been 
stated  by  the  learned  gentleman 
who  moved  the  present  question  j 
and  highly  as  he  respected  the  legal 
knowledge  and  gi'eat  talents  of  the 
honourable  mover,  yet  there  were 
other  professional  gentlemen >  whase 
learning  and  talents  he  was  also 
bound  to  respect  highly,  who  enter- 
tained an  idea  very  ditierent  on  the 
point  of  law,  from  that  which  had 
been  expressed  by  the  learned  gen- 
tleman. The  point  of  law,  which 
had  been  stated  as  cleaiiy  witli  the 
claim  of  the  prince,  was,  tliat  tlie 
statute  of  Charles  II.  abolishing  mi- 
litary tenures,  services,  &c.abolished 
generally  the  old  right  of  ward  ex- 
isting in  the  guardian,  and  which 
applied  to  the  present  case.  There 
12  had 


116         ANNUAL    REGISTER,     1802. 


had  been  opinions  of  the  highest 
authority,  that  this  statute  did  not 
divest  his  majesty  of  the  ancient 
right  of  ward  to  the  revenues  of  the 
dutchy,  until  what  the  law  calls 
livery  of  seisin  was  demanded  on  the 
part  of  his  royal  hi<:;hncss.  As  this 
was  merely  a  question  of  law,  it 
became  him  to  speak  with  diffidence 
upon  itj  but  he  could  assure  the 
house,  that  some  of  the  highest 
legal  authorities  had  held  an  opinion 
adverse  from  the  claim  of  the  prince. 
He  thouoht  it  would  be  sufficient  to 
state,  that  it  was  a  doubtful  question 
of  law,  to  convince  the  house  that 
it  was  not  their  province  to  deter- 
mine it.  If  the  prince  had  a  legal 
right,  he  had  undoubtedly  a  legal 
redress  by  petition  of  right,  or  in 
some  other  shape.  Although  this 
was  his  opinion  on  the  matter  of 
right,  yet  he  would  not  wish  to  be 
considered  as  having  advised  that  or 
any  otlier  measure.  As  to  the  other 
point,  the  balance  of  accounts  be- 
tween the  prince  and  the  public, 
which  the  learned  gentleman  had 
stated,  that  his  royal  highness  only 
wished  to  have  brought  forward  for 
tlie  purpose  of  setting  himself  well 
in  the  eyes  of  the  public,  he  could 
not  but  observe,  that  this  motive 
reflected  the  highest  honour  on  his 
royal  highness,  and  that  the  state- 
ment of  it  must  produce  tliat  effect, 
so  necessary  both  to  his  situation 
and  to  the  welfare  of  the  country  : 
but  highly  as  he  admired  the  mo- 
tive which  actuated  his  royal  hisfh- 
ness,  he  could  by  no  means  admit, 
that  the  balance  of  accounts  between 
the  prince  and  the  public  (if  tliis 
claim  was  admitted)  would  turn 
out  to  be  in  favour  of  the  prince.  Jf 
it  wa>  allowed,  to  the  fullest  extent, 
that  the  j)rinee  of  Wales  was  abso- 
lutely entitled^  from  his  birll)^  to 


the  revenues  of  the  dutchy,  yet  it  by 
no  means  followed  tliat  tlie  expenses 
of  his  maintenance  and  <  ducation 
during  his  minority  should  not  be 
defrayed  out  of  tliose  revenues,  but 
be  borne  entirely  by  his  majesty  out 
of  his  civil  list.,  and  yet  it  was  merely 
on  this  supposition  that  tlie  idea  of 
a  large  balance  due  to  the  prince 
was  founded.  He  could  by  no 
means  believe,  that  it  was  the  in- 
tention of  Edward  the  Third,  who 
first  made  this  grant  to  his  young 
son,  the  Black  Prince,  that  the 
whole  revenues  of  the  dutchy  were  to 
be  appropriated  for  the  prince,  and  ' 
yet  that  all  the  expense  of  his  main« 
tenance  was  to  be  defrayed  by  him- 
self. However,  he  did  not  mean 
to  give  any  decided  opinion  upon 
the  question.  His  great  objection  tQ 
the  present  motion  was,  that  its  ob- 
ject was,  first  to  decide  the  legal  rights  . 
which  he  thought  the  hoUse  could 
not  do  5  arid  aften^'ards  to  order  ani 
account.  As  he  could  not  approve  of 
or  support  the  motion,  and  yet  did 
not  wish  absolutely  to  oppose  it,  he. 
concluded  by  moving,  "  that  the 
other  orders  of  the  day  be  now  read.** 
Mr.  Erskine  then  rose  and  sup- 
ported, in  a  very  able  ^nd  argumen?-.  . 
tative  speech,  the  claims  of  the- 
prince.  He  admitted,  that  if  the- 
point  of  law  was  doubtfiil .  it  shoidd 
be  submitted  to  another  tribunal.^  ^ 
But  he  considered  the  point  so  per-* 
fectly  settled,  that  in  a  question  be-  * 
tween  the  prince  of  Wales  and  thft  . 
king,  it  was  tlie  house  of  commons 
that  oui^ht  to  examine  the  subject^  • 
especially  when  the  object  of  it  was .  • 
to  determine  how  the  accounts  be- 
tween the  prince  and  the  public- 
stood,  or  whether  the  prince  was' 
really  a  debtor  to  the  nation,  or  a- 
creditor.  The  kai'ned  gentleman 
tlieu  examined  all  the  precedents  of 

the 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


117 


the  predecessors  of  his  royal  high- 
ness, the  tbrmer  princes  of  Wales, 
and  proved  that  it  was  always  con- 
sidered, that  they  were  entitled  to 
the  revenues  of  die  dutchy.  Al- 
though, in  the  reign  of  Henry  tlie 
Sixth,  and  of  James  the  First,  there 
appeared  some  disposition  in  those 
monai'chs  to  keep  tliose  revenues  to 
themselves,  yet  the  very- proceed- 
ings in  consequence  of  such  disposi- 
tions, and  the  declarations  of  the 
legislature,  proved  ihe  right  of  the 
prince  to  **  livery  of  seisin"  in  his 
minority.  In  the  reign  of  Edward 
the  Fourth,  tliis  "  livery"  was  given, 
to  his  son  at  eight  months  vjld,  and 
the  charter  of  "  livery,"  confirmed 
by  the  lords  spiritual  and  temporal, 
recited,  *'  that  the  duke  of  Corn  wall 
was  entided  to  livery,  the  same  as  if 
he  had  been  of  tlie  age  of  tventy- 
<Mie."  This  being  the  acknowledged 
law  of  the  land,  so  soon  after  the 
original  gi'ant,  he  could  not  conceive 
how  tlie  meaning  of  the  grant  could 
"be  misunderstood  in  1802  3  and  yet 
the  only  legal  doubt  tliat  could  be 
advanced  was,  whedier  the  statute 
of  Charles  the  Second  failed  in  its 
general  operation,  as  to  this  dutchy, 
for  want  of  *'  livery  of  bcisin,"  when 
it  was  always  acknowledged  in  ex- 
press terms,  that  the  prince  was 
entiUed  to  this  *'  livery"  *Vom  his 
birth.  He  thought  it  would  be  a 
Very  ungracious  thing  to  have  a  liti- 
gation between  his  majesty  and  the 
prince.  He  thought  it  was  also  un- 
necessary, for  he  could  not  conceive 
that  a  committee-  could  entertain  a 
doubt  upon  tlie  subject,,  when  the 
documents  w«.'re  laid  before  them. 
As  to  the  balance  of  accoiuits  he 
should  say  nothing  :  however  small 
it  might  turn  out  to  be  in  favour  of 
the  prince,  yet  it  would  aftord  him 
the  pleasiu-e  of  showing  the  public. 


that  he  had  not  been  a  burden  to 
the  country. 

The  Master  of  Rolls  did  not 
wish  to  express  a  decided  opinion 
upon  die  subject,  but  recalled  to  the 
recollection  of  the  house,  that  this 
was  the  fir&t  time  diat  these  claims 
had  ever  been  mentioned  in  the  house 
in  so  confident  a  manner.  This  claim 
was  stated  on  the  oiie  sid^  as  strictly 
legal  }  on  die  otiier  side,  doubts 
were  entertained  :  surely  th's  v/as 
not  the  tribunal  before  whirh 
doubtful  points  of  proper^  should 
be  litigated  ?  As  to  the  idea  diat 
the  point  was  so  clear,  that  it  was 
not  worth  se^nllng  to  a  ,egal  tribu- 
nal, nothing  Clu.d  be  more  falla- 
cious than  diat  argument,  for  we 
heard  I'aily  in  our  courts  points 
agitated,  which  to  the  majority  of 
die  profession  appcnircd  perfectly 
clear.  He  considered  that  the  edu- 
cation of  the  heir  apparent  was 
die  exclusive  prerogative  of  die 
crown,  and  that  hi^  majesty'  alone 
was  the  proper  judge  of  the  dis- 
bursements necessary.  If  his  ma- 
jesty was  not  accountable,  neidier 
was  the  public.  The  great  prin- 
ciple upon  which  he  oppohcd  the 
appointment  of  the  committee  was, 
diat  if  the  house  should  take  upon 
itself  the  determination  of  legal 
questions,  it  would  appear  to  him 
an  assumption  of  judic  knl  power, 
and  a  violation  bodi  ol  th<t  prin- 
ciples and  practice  of  the  constitu- 
tion. 

Mr.  Fox  saw  the  question  in  a 
point  of  view  entirel/  ditferent 
irom  that  in  which  the  lasi  speaker, 
die  chancellor  of  the  exchequer, 
viewed  it.  In  ordc-T  that  ilie  ques- 
tion might  be  more  distinctly  un- 
derstood, he  begged  the  cleik  wt  uld 
read  again  the  motion  :  (this  being 
done),  he  declared  he  could  see 
J  3  «o 


118         ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 

no  point  of  law  In  It,  nor  no  ques-  to  the  general  principle  of  keeping 
tion  of  right  which  the  house  was  the  legislative  and  judicial  power* 
called  uix)n  to  decide.  Tlie  motion  as  distinct  as  possible  ;  but  there 
only  proposed  that  the  committee  were  some  cases  in  ever}-  countrjr, 
should  inquire  into  the  monies  re-  and  at  all  times,  which  the  legijjlativo 
ceived  during  the  princess  minority,  power  was  called  upon  to  deter- 
on  account  of  his  dutchy  of  Com-  mine  j  and  what  case  could  more 
wall,  of  the  application  of  this  call  on  the  interference  of  the  le- 
money,  and  also  of  the  sums  voted  gislative  body  than  the  case  of  the 
by  parliament  on  account  of  the  heir  apparent  to  the  crown  having 
debts  of  his  royal  highness.  All  a  large  claim  upon  the  nation, 
those  objects  \vere  mere  questions  of  which  botli  delicacy  and  legal  forma 
fact,  and  did  not  in  the  least  contain  made  it  difficult  for  him  to  esta- 
any  doubtful  question  of  law.  It  had  blish  in  the  ordinary  tribunals  of 
been  asked,  what  was  the  use  of  justice  ?  As  for  this  point  not  hav- 
inquiring  into  tliose  facts,  if  the  ing  been  made  in  1763,  he  confej>scd 
house  was  not  at  liberty  to  ground  that  it  had  at  that  time  b^en  entire* 
any  proceedings  upon  such  inquiry  ?  ly  overlooked  by  his  royal  highness** 
The  answer  to  this  was  obvious  j  confide ntii'.l  friends,  but  they  had 
the  inquiry  would  give  his  royal  never  doubted  of  the  justice  of  the 
highness  the  satisfaction  of  showing  claim  j  when  the  point  was  made, 
the  public,  whether  he  ought  fair-  he  was  surjnised  tliat  no  legal 
ly  to  be  considered  as  their  debtor  gentleman  who  opposed  the  motion 
or  creditor.  I'his  was  itself  an  ob-  ventured  to  express  an  opinion 
ject  of  the  utmost  importance  3  but  against  this  claim,  or  pointed  out 
certainly,  if  it  appeared  to  parlia-  any  way  in  which  the  question 
ment  that  he  was  iheir  creditor,  might  be  legally  decided.  It  would 
there  could  be  no  objection  to  ap-  be  a  most  disingenuous  conduct 
plying  whatever  small  balance  their  from  this  house  to  the  prince,  to 
might  be  to  the  discharge  of  his  tell  him,  *'  We  do  not  know  whc^ 
debts,  and  to  relieve  his  income  ther  we  owe  you  money  or  not  5 
from  those  embarrassments  under  try  the  point  gt  law  5  but  we  will  tcU 
which  it  has  so  long  laboured.  If  you  this,  that  if  you  succeed,  we 
it  was  said  that  the  prince  of  Wales  do  not  know  how  you  can  enforce 
vas  the  only  minor  in  the  kingdom,  your  remedy."  If  the  inquiry 
whom  the  law  did  not  entitle  to  should  be  gone  into,  and  the  claim 
demand  on  account,  when  he  came  appear  clear,  he  then  thought  the 
to  age,  of  liis  revenues,  nothing  prince  should  receh  e  what  'was  due 
could  appear  to  him  a  stronger  to  him  j  if  it  was  doubtful,  llien 
reas4)n  fur  calling  for  legislative  in-  they  should  send  it  to  a  legaj 
terference  in  hi§  case.  If  it  was  decision,  freed  from  all  the  tech-f 
allowed  that  the  case  of  the  prince  nical  diflioulties,  which  the  forms 
of  Wales  was  different  from  that  of  of  law  might-  oppose  to  tlie  ex- 
any  other  subject  in  the  kingdom,  it  amination  of  so  important  a  ques-^ 
was  in  vain  to  attempt  to-  confound  tion. 

it  with  common  cases,  by  sending  [In    the    course   of  his    speech^ 

it   to  the  ordinary  tribunals.      He  Mr.  Fox  insisted  that,  independently 

^  i|s  as  much  attached  as  any  man  pf  th^  dutghy    of   Cornwall,    tht; 

8  ynng^ 


y 


HISTORY     OF     EUROl^E. 


119 


frinoe  of  Wales  had  a  right  to  be 
maintained  and  educated  by  his 
father,  as  heir  apparent  to  the 
crown,  and  that  the  same  full  ac- 
count ought  fo  be  given  of  the 
revenues  of  Cornwall,  as  had  been 
given  to  the  duke  of  York,  on  his 
coining  of  age,  of  tlie  revenues  of 
Osnaburgh.] 

He  concluded  by  expressing  a  con- 
fident hope  that  the  house  would 
agree  to  the  original  motion. 

The  Attorney  General  said,  he 
should  be  very  willing  to  listen 
to  any  application  that  might  be 
made  on  thfe  part  of  his  royal  high- 
ness, to  enable  him  to  maintain 
his  rank  and  dignity,  but  the  pre- 
sent he  considered  a  mere  dry  ques- 
tion of  right :  he  was  not  at  all  sur- 
prised at  the  subject  having  been 
o?ej looked  by  Mr.  Fox  and  his 
colleagues  in  1783 ;  for  it  certainly 
was  not  an  idea  that  would  occur 
very  obviously,  that  after  the  prince 
liad  been  maintained  for  t>?^'enty- 
one  years,  in  all  the  splendour  due 
to  his  elevated  rank,  that  he  should 
afterwards  have  a  claim  to  receive 
all  the  money  received  during  his 
minority  for  that  purpose.  He 
considered  that  the  original  grant 
^  of  tlie  dutchy  to  the  Black  Prince, 
was  for  the  purpose  of  his  education 
and  maintenance,  and  that  it  could 
never  be  the  intention  of  Edward 
the  Third,  tliat  this  money  should 
be  locked  up  in  a  banker's  chest, 
as  a  di*y  accumulating  fund,  till 
that  prince  should  come  of  age. 
He  deprecated  the  idea  of  the 
house  taking  upon  themselves  the 
decision  of  a  legal  right  ;  if  a  legal 
right  did  exist,  it  must  be  tried 
in  the  courts  of  law,  as  between 
the  prince  and  his  majesty.  He 
thought  it   appeared    iftost  clearly. 


from  the  particular  statement  made 
by  the  chancellor  of  the  exchequer, 
that  the  sums  advanced  on  account 
of  the  prince  of  Wales,  during  his 
minority,  far  exceeded  the  amount 
of  the  revenues  of  the  dutchy. 
The  question,  therefore,  if  any  therci 
was.  lay  completely  between  his  roy- 
al highness  and  his  majesty,  and  he 
thought  it  would  be  irreverent  to  tlie 
sovereign  and  detrimental  to  the  state 
that  the  house  should  interfere  in 
it.  He  concluded  by  observing,  that 
the  elegant  accomplishments  and 
sj)lendid  endow^ments  of  the  prince, 
sufficiently  proved  tlie  liberal  at- 
tention which  had  been  paid  to  his 
education,  and  the  expense  his 
majesty  had  incurred  on  that  ac- 
count. He  concluded  by  express- 
ing his  determino'tion  to  vote  for 
tlie  other  orders  of  the  day  being 
read. 

Mr.  Tiemey  conceived,  that  those 
gentlemen  had  greatly  misconceived 
the  case,  who  stated  the  question  to 
be  merely  a  private  question  between 
his  majesty  and  the  prince.  In  fact, 
his  majesty  had  nothing  at  all  to 
do  witli  the  question,  and  his  name 
ought  not  to  have  been  mentioned 
in  it.  The  question  was  in  fact 
between  the  prince  and  the  public. 
The  i)rince  advanced  a  claim  against 
,  the  public  to  a  large  amount,  and 
he  thought  it  \vould  be  a  most 
ungracious  answer  from  tlie  public, 
by  their  representatives  in  the  house 
of  commons,  to  say,  *'  We  won't, 
examine  whether  we  owe  you 
money  or  not  j  you  may  try  it  law, 
hnd  th-n  see  whetlier  you  can 
find  any  redress." 

Lord  Hawkesbury  considered  the 

question     i^s   merely   between    the 

prince  and  his  maj^ty.     It  was  his 

majesty  who  had  received  the  re- 

1 4  venues 


120         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


venues  of  Cornwall,  and  had  dis- 
posed of  them  as  he  judged  proper  5 
if  then  there  remained  a  question 
at  all,  it  was  a  question  for  judi- 
cial decision,  and  not  for  legislative 
interference.  As  for  his  opinion, 
he  did  not  entertain  a  doubt, 
but  that  when  tlie  revenues  of 
the  dutchy  were  first  granted 
by  Edward  the  Third  to  his  son 
tire  Black  Prince,  they  were  granted 
for  his  maintenance  and  support, 
and  not  for  the  purpose  of  being 
accumulated  till  he  should  come  of 
age. 

Mr.  Nichols  said,  that  tlie  acts 
of  his  majesty  during  the  minority 
of  the  prince,  were  not  those  of 
*'  a  guardian  in  chivalry  5'*  such 
guardian  had  no  power  to  grant 
leases  of  his  ward's  estate,  for  a 
longer  term  than  his  ward's  minori- 
ty 5  his  majesty  had  however  granted 
leases  for  a  much  longer  term, 
and  had  received  150,000/.  on 
account  of  those  leases.  If  then  his 
majesty  had  acted  as  ''  guardian  in 
chivalry,"  the  prince  might  have 
received  a  large  sum  on  his  coming  of 
age  on  account  of  the  renewal  of 
those  leases. 

Mr.  Sheridan  acknowledged  him- 
self obliged  to  lord  Hawkesbury 
for  putting  the  subject  in  a  plain 
intelligible  point  of  view.  What 
he  conceived  the  real  points  for 
the  consideration  of  the  house 
.were,  first,  who  thp parties  were? 
next,  whether  there  existed  a  just 
claim,  or  whether  any  other  re- 
medy but  an  application  to  parliar 
ment  was  open  10  the  prince  of 
Wales,  even  though  tlie  justice  of  his 
claim  should  be  admitted  ?  He  said, 
so  far,  the  lawyers  having  pointed 
out  how  the  prince  might  success- 
fully  pursue  his  claim^  if  it  was 


iust,  the  house  had  received  upon 
this  occasion  no  more  law  from  them 
than  his  royal  highness  was  likely 
to  receive  money  from  the  treasury. 
He  thought  in  private  life  it  would 
not  be  deemed  fair  or  honourable 
for  a  debtor  to  refuse  all  explana- 
tion, or  every  proposal  for  ac- 
commodation, respecting  a  debt^ 
and  to  tell  his  creditor,  *^  to  re- 
cover it  as  well  as  he  could  by  law;" 
In  the  present  claim  of  the  prinoe 
of  Wales  upon  the  public,  he 
conceived  it  would  be  equally  un- 
handsome to  hold  out  such  language 
to  his  royal  highness.  Besides,  if 
his  royal  highness  should  suc- 
ceed at  law,  and  obtain  a  verdict 
against  his  majesty,  it  is  to  parlia- 
ment he  must  afterwards  come  for 
the  payment  of  the  money,  so 
adjudged  to  be  due  to  him.  ThiB 
was  by  no  means  a  hostile  proceedr 
ing  on  the  part  of  the  prince  j  hie 
had  acted  with  the  utmost  delicacy 
to  his  royal  fatlier ;  but  he  felt 
that  he  had  also  a  duty  to  his  cre- 
ditors. The  commissioners  for  the 
payment  of  his  debts  had  struck  - 
off  ten  per  cent,  of  all  his  debts, 
and  paid  the  remainder  in  deben- 
tures, bearing  a  great  discount. 
The  prince  conceived  himself  in 
honour  bound  to  pay  his  creditors  - 
the  whole  amount  of  their  demands, 
and  therefore  conceiving  his  claim 
upon  the  public  to  be  a  just  one; 
he  wished  to  be  enabled  complete- 
ly to  discharge  his   debts. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
justified  the  conduct  of  the  com- 
missioners for  settling  the  prince's 
debts. 

Mr.  JefFeries  (of  Coventry)  stated 
the  considerable  losses  he  had  sus- 
tained by  tliat  mode  of  payment.    . 

I'he    SoHcitor    General     argued 

against 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


121 


Against  the  prince's  claim,  upon  the 
reasonableness  of  applying  the  reve- 
nues of  Coruivall  to  the  mainte- 
nance and  education  of  the  prince 
during  his  minority. 

Sir  Francis  Burdett  supported  the 
claims  of  the  prince,  whom  he 
wished  to  see  maintained  in  splen- 
dour and  independence.  He  con- 
sidered that  he  had  been  treated  in 
an  unworthy  and  degrading  manner 
by  those  niinistersi  who,  in  other 
respects,  were  guilty  of  the  most 
layish  prodigality. 

After  some  observations  from  Mr. 
Tyrhitt,  lord  Temple,  Mr.  Dent, 
and  some  other  gentlemen, 

Mr  Manners  Sutton  made  a  very 
able  reply.  He  said,  one  of  his 
learned  friends  had  conceded  the 
question  of  right  3  another  of  tliem 
had  stated,  that  the  question  was 
merely  whether  the  revenues  of 
the  dutchy  otlght  to  have  been  ap- 
plied to  the  support  of  the  prince 
during  his  minority  ?  and  a  third 
had  considered  it  merely  a  question 
.  between  tlie  prince  and  his  majesty. 
He  differed  from  all  those  opinions, 
and  conceived  it  was  a  simple 
question,  whether  the  public  had  a 
right  to  receive  those  revenues  in 
the  prince's  minority  and  apply 
them  in  aid  of  the  civil  list  ?  Whe- 
ther, in  fact,  tlie  public  was  not  a 
debtor  to  his  royal  highness  ?  As 
to  a  petition  of  right,  which  had 
been  suggested,  one  of  the  best 
legal  authorities  in  the  country  had 
declared  that  it  would  not  lie  in  a 
matter  of  personal  property.  He 
conceived  tliat  his  majesty  had  no- 
thing to  do  with  tlie  question,  but 
tl^at  it  lay  merely  between  the  prinCe 
and  the  public. 

After  a  short  explanation  from 
the  solicitor-general,  the  house  di- 
vided. 


For  tlie  order  of  the  day  160 
Against  it      -     -     -     -     103 

Majority  against  entering  1    ^^ 
into  the  prince's  claims  J      ' 

This  division,  against  govern- 
ment, shows  the  ^ense  of  die  house 
to  have  been  strongly  in  favour  of 
entering  into  the  prince  of  Wales's 
claims  as  duke  of  Cornwall  upon 
the  country  j  nor  could  it  be  con* 
jectured  what  rational  motive  the 
minister  could  have  in  refusing  to 
his  roy3l  highness,  that  justice 
which  the  meanest  subject  would 
have  in  a  parity  of  circumstances,  a 
right  to  require  and  to  obtain ;  and 
which  to  refuse,  assuredly,  in  the 
eyes  of  the  public,  left  the  prince 
an  injured  and  oppressed  indi- 
vidual. He  had  long  been  sup- 
posed to  have  been  indebted  tor 
considerable  sums  ;  his  debts  were 
far  from  being  liquidated ;  his  in- 
come contracted  to  a  sum  much 
inferior  to  the  support  of  that  splen- 
dour which  sound  policy  as  well 
as  established  usage  had  rendered 
indispensably  requisite  to  his  high 
station.  He  now  came  forward, 
before  the  high  council -of  tlie  na- 
tion, solemnly  and  formally  to  state 
tliat  he  was  not  the  debtor  but  the 
creditor  of  tlie  public ;  that  the 
sums  he  had  received  as  a  bounty, 
were  but  a  part  of  his  right ;  that 
they  were  insufficient  to  any  other 
purpose,  save  that  of  compelling 
him  to  relinquish  his  royal  esta- 
blishment, that  his  creditors  niigiit 
be  satisfied  by  the  fruit  of  his  re- 
■  trenchment;  that  should  he  attain 
the  object  of  his  claim,  his  sole 
object  was  the  discharge  of  his*  re- 
maining debts,  and  the  residue 
of  those  which  had  been  (contrary 
to  the  good  faith  .which  sliuuld  be 
fouud  iu  the  conduct  of  prince.s) 

oom-f 


}22 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


tompromised  5  and  that,  at  all 
events,  he  might  be  suffered  to 
make  his  case  out  for  his  own  sa- 
tisfaction and  that  of  tlie  public, 
whatever  might  result  from  it. 

This  was  assuredly  a  subject 
which  called  for  the  examination 
and  inter\'ention  of  jiarliament.  Le- 
gal redress  was  not  only  an  inde- 
licate mode  of  proceeding  between 
such  parties  as  must  in  that  case 
have  been  the  litigants  j  but  also 
extremely  difficult  and  uncertain 
in  its  own  nature  :  yet  to  this  just 
and  reasonable  and  temperate  re- 
quisition, was  objected  by  the  mi- 
nister, that  there  was  no  precedent 
for  such  a  claim  ;  tliat  many  great 
legal  opinions  were  adverse  from  its 
being  brought  forward  5  that  it  was 
not  quite  certain  that  the  balance 
would  appear  in  the  princess  favour ; 
mi  that  some  doubt  existed  upou 


the  mode  and  correctness  < 
calculations  which  had  been 
use  of  in  the  prince's  stateme 
To  expose  the  futility  ai 
volity  of  this  mode  of  r« 
would  be  to  waste  the  tim 
weary  the  patience  of  our  r 
Suffice  it,  that  it  did  not  rece 
sanction  of  the  public  opinio 
in  times  of  less  interest, 
doubtless  have  excited^  a  ca 
able  degree  of  resentment  a 
popularity  against  those  who  a 
unjust,  so  unwise,  and  so  in 
a  part.  But  the  definitive 
the  signing  of  which  aboi 
time  was  made  publicly  \ 
and  the  repeal  of  the  incoo 
which  was  now  confidently  a 
would  be  one  of  the  imn 
acts  of  the  government,  enga] 
the  exclusion  of  every  other 
the  public  interest  and  att^t 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


13$ 


C  H  A  p.      XI. 

fatUamentarif  Proceedings  continued.' — Biulget  for  the  Year  hrouglit  Jor- 
ward. — Conversation  in  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  Definitive  Treaty, 
— Sir  Francis  Bt^rdetfs  Motion  for  an  Inquiry  hito  the  Conduct  of  ike 
late  Administration — Amendment  moved  by  Lord  Be/grave — wZ/A- 
drawn^ — original  Motion  negatived  ly  a  great  Majority . —  New  Militia 
Bill, — Motion  to  take  into  Consideration  the  Definitive  Treaty  on  the 
14/A  of  May — in  the  House  of  Lords  ly  Lord  Grenville—in  the  Com^ 
mom  by  Mr.  If^ndham — Debates  thereon  in  both  Houses. — Motions 
ly  Lord  Carlisle  for  Papers  relating  to  the  Definitive  Treaty  in  the 
Lords ^ by  Mt.  Elliott  in  the  Commons — Debates  thereon  in  both 
Houses. — Motion  by  Dr,  Lawrence  for  Papers  irespecting  East  India 
Affairs. 


THE  lengtli  of  time  which  had 
elapsed  between  the  signing  the 
preliminaries  and  the  definitive  trea- 
ty, the  uncertainty  of  the  negotia- 
tion itself  having  a  favourable  issue, 
and  the  doubts  which  necessarily 
resulted  from  the  uncertainty  whe- 
ther it  should  be  for  a  war  or  a 
peace  establishment  that  the  country 
was  to  provide,  delayed,  for  a  con- 
siderable time,  the  production  of 
the  budget  for  tlie  year.  It  was 
not  till  the  5  th  of  April  that  it  was 
brought  forward.  It  was  the  great- 
est which  had  ever  before  been 
brought  forward  in  tlie  house  of 
commons^,  as,  besides  the  loan  to 
cover  the  expenses  of  the  year, 
the  minister  had  resolved  to  give 
up  the  income  tax,  and  fund 
the  56,000,000/.  with  which  it 
Was  charged.  The  total  sum  to 
he  funded  this  year  amounted  to 
97,934,000/.  of  which  50,445,000/. 
'  ^as  previously  charged  on  tlie  in- 
come tax.  Eleven  millions  odd  had 
kea  fundpd  on  accouat  of  ouUtaud- 


ing  exchequer  bills,  and  the  loan 
for  the  year  1802  had  created  a 
capital  of  30,351,000/.  The  in- 
terest of  the  immense  sum  which 
was  to  be  funded  this  year  amount- 
ed to  3,211,202/.  This  was  of 
'  course  the  sum  for  which  the  new 
taxes  were  to  provide.  The  fol- 
lowing were  those  destined  to  meet 
tliis  burden : 

Malt  and  beer  2,000,000 

Assessed  taxes  1,000,000 

Exports  and  imports  1 ,000,000 

4,oo6~ooo' 

The  Chancellor  of  die  Exchequer, 
after  a  short  recapitulation  of  the 
supplies  which  had  been  voted  up 
to  the  present  day,  being  for  a 
term  of  fistt  months,  proceeded  to 
state  what  would  be  necessary  tor 
the  ensuing  seven  mondis.  He 
assured  the  committee,  diat  when 
the  definitive  treaty  should  Jje  signed, 
no  time  would  be  lost  in  making 
such  reductions  in  the  army  and 
myy,  as  the  situation  of  the  coun- 

tty 


124        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


try  would  iustifv.  The  terms  on 
which  the  loan  iiad  been  eiVectcd, 
warranted  him  in  rongratulaiing 
the  house  and  the  country  upon  tlie 
great  confidence  exprcsi-ed  by  the 
monied  persons  in  the  extend  and 
stability  of  our  resources.  In  this 
bargain  100/.  in  money  was  given 
for  every  131/.  19^.  3d.  in  stock. 
The  three  per  cent,  console  were 
taken  at  75 1-.  As  to  the  income 
tax,  he  highly  approved  of  the 
wisdom  which  planned  this  tax, 
and  the  spirit  which  so  long  sup- 
ported it ;  it  was  to  that,  in  a  great 
measure,  that  he  attributed  the 
comforts  we  now  enjoyed,  and  our 
success  in  the  arduous  contest  we 
had  maintained.  After  professing 
great  regret  at  finding  it  his  un- 
avoidable duty  to  propose  new  taxes 
to  the  amount  of  the  interest  of  so 
large  a  sura  .as  97>934,437/.,  be 
submitted  the  following  taxes  to 
the  committee,  as  likely  to  be  effi- 
cacious and  as  little  burdensome  as 
possible  to  the  people : 

Malt,  Hops,  and  Beer. 

On  malt  he  proposed  to  lay  a  tax 
of  Is.  Ojf/.  in  the  bushel.  On 
h(;ps,  2-^.  and  3-20th  in  the  pound, 
SD  as  to  make  tlie  hop  duty  3d, 
per  lb.  On  strong  beer,  he  pro- 
posed a  tax  of  25.  a  barrel.  He 
was  sorry  tliat  tlie  price  of  malt 
liquor,  now  a  necessary  of  life, 
should  be  raised  on  the  public,  but 
it  now  became  necessary  to  lay  on 
butli  taxes  as  w^ould  be  likely  to  be 
eirtcual.  This  tax  he  calculated  at 
2,000,000/. 

Assessed  Taxes. 

On  this  point  he  proposed  not  so 
much  to  raise  a  new  tax  as  to  iu- 
ci\ase  the  old  one  in  a  ratio  of 
neariv   one  third.      However    this 


increase  might  be  felt  by  some,  yd 
it  must  be  recollected,  on  the  other 
hand,  that  the  pressure  of  the  in- 
c<^me  tax  was  now  taken  off.  He 
calculated  this  at  1,000,000/. 

Exports  and  Imports. 

As  to  this  tax,  he  proposed  it  with* 
out  any  regret,  and  even  with  plea- 
sure, for  it  had  met  the  perfect  ap- 
probation of  many  of  the  most  intel- 
ligent men  who  had  been  consulted 
on  the  occasion.  The  convoy  duty 
was  now  going  to  be  taken  off, 
and  this  tax  substituted  in  its  place. 
It  would  be  lighter  than  the  convoy 
duty,  and  proportioned  in  such  a 
maimer  as  to  do  no  injury  to  com- 
merce. Those  taxes  taken  all  toge- 
ther amounted  to  4,000,000/.  which 
exceeded  by  near  &(X),000/.  the 
supply  that  was  wanting. 

After  having  stated  the  liew 
taxes  that  would  be  necessary,  he 
gave  an  outline  of  his  plan  witk  ■ 
respect  to  the  consolidated  and 
sinking  funds.  Tliere  were,  ia 
fact,  two  sinking  funds  now  sub- 
sistir.g :  the  first  had  been  created 
in  l/bO,  by  tlie  vote  of  1 ,000,000i. 
annually  for  the  reduction  of  the 
naiional  debt.  The  second  had 
bc(rn  created  by  the  rcsolutioa  of 
tlic  house  in  179'-^^  that  one  per 
cent,  of  ev(  ry  loan  to  be  made  ia 
future  should  go  to  the  discharge 
of  diC  capital  so  created.  He  wish- 
eil  to  consolidate  these  two  sinking 
funds,  and  enable  tliem  to  operate  * 
jointly  on  the  consolidated  debt. 
Considering  the  national  debt  at 
500A)00,CXX)/.  the  sum,  great  as  it 
is,  might  be  discharged  in  forty-five 
years.  He  hoped  much  that  a  firm 
and  temperate  system,  uniting  the 
spirit  of  conciliation  witli  that  o£ 
firnniess,  without  ever  insulting 
other  nations,  would  insure  a  con- 
2  tinuance 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.        125 


tinuance  of  peace  and  security. 
He  coDciudedi  by  moving  a  reso- 
lution, thai  25,000,000/.  should  be 
raised  by  way  of  loan. 

Mr.  Whitbread,  after  many  ob- 
lervations  on  the  new  taxes  which 
would  affect  the  brewers,  approved 
much  of  the  general  principles  on 
which  Mr.  Addington  had  rested 
hii  hopes  of  future  peace.  He 
approved  also  highly  of  the  lepeal 
(rf  the  income  tax  ;  and  although 
the  chancellor  of  the  exchequer  ap- 
proved in  words  of  the  conduct  of 
his  predecessor  in  finding  out  this 
•olid  system  of  finance,  yet  by  liis 
?ctions  in  renouncing  it,  he  ex- 
pressed a  severe  but  merited  con- 
demnation and  sarcasm  at  the  same 
time. 

Mr.  Pitt  most  ably  defended  hi§ 
conduct  against  the  attacks  of  Mr, 
Whitbread,  against  whom  and  his 
colleagues  in  opposition  he  directed 
lome  severe  attacks,  for  aban- 
i  doning  their  posts  in  parliament, 
tinder  the  idea  of  tlic  country  be- 
ing irreti'ievably  ruined,  while  he 
himself  was  introducing,  this  most 
efficient  and  solid  system  of  fi- 
nance. 

After  a    few  otlier  observations 
from  different  gentlemen,  the  rcso- 
hitions  were  agreed    to  without  a 
'    division. 

On  the  10th  of  >\pril,  in  the 
house  of  lords,  lord  Carlisle  called 
the  attention  of  the  house  of  lords 
to  some  points  which  he  conceived 
of  the  utmost  importance  to  the 
couutr)'.  "  It  was,"  he  said,  *'  un- 
derstood, at  the  treaty  of  Amiens, 
the  interests  of  the  prince  ot\)range 
were  to  have  been  particularly  at- 
tended to.  A  compf.nsation  was 
even  stipulated  for  him  in  tiie 
treaty  J  but  scarcely  was  that  tre.aty 
*gncd,  when  the  French  and  Dutch 


plenipotentiaries  retired  to  a  corner 
of  the  room,  and  signed  between 
tlicmselves  an  article,  by  which  it 
was  expressly  provided  that  Hol- 
land was  not  to  contribute,  in  any 
way  whatsoever,  to  this  compen- 
sation. And  yet  it  was  notori- 
ous to  all  the  world  that  it  was 
the  government  of  Holland  wjjich 
had  plundered  the  prince  of  Orange 
of  property  to  the  value  of  more 
than  100,000/.  annual  revenue!" 
His  lordship  then  proceeded  to  take 
notice  of  other  deft  els  in  the  defi- 
nitive treaty.  The  right  of  cutting 
logwood  was  gone.  The  treaty  of 
Methuen,  and  the  commercial  ad- 
vantages we  enjoyed  in  right  of  it 
with  Portugal,  were  at  an  end.  Wp 
could  no  longer  navigate  to  the 
Dutch  spice  islands  in  British  bot- 
toms. This  was  indeed  a  glorious 
peace  for  Holland,  in  exactly  the 
same  proportion  as  it  was  shame- 
ful to  us  !  His  lordship  concluded, 
by  calling  the  particnilar  attention  of 
the  house  to  the  indonmities  of  the 
prince  of  (.)range,  and  tliought 
every  explanation  was  due  to  the 
house  on  that  subject. 

Lord  Pelham,  not  conceiving  that 
any  of  those  points  were  regularly 
before  the  house  in  discussion,  de- 
clined, tor  the  present,  entering 
into  any  explanation  on  the  sub- 
ject. 

J^rd  Grenville  said,  it  would  not 
be  difficult  to  get  over  the  point  of 
form,  by  framing  a  motion  suit- 
able *to  tlio  object  of  tl'.e  noble 
lord's  speech,  ilethought  the  house 
ought  to  address  his  majesty,  be- 
seeching him  to  sufipend  the  rati- 
fication of  the  definitive  treaty  till 
satisfaction  was  given  the  country 
on  all  those  great  objects  which  he 
had  before  called  tlieir  attention  to, 
and  to  some  of  tliOdC  points  the 

noblo 


12fl        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


%\Mc  loiil  hinl  so  properly  adverted. 
Ilr  niill  I'oiihidcrcd,  as  tht*  most  im- 
|H>ii.tiu  iH»int  to  be  setlU'd,  that  the 
luaiy  oi  1/87  fchouUl  be  renewed. 
W'illiniit  >iU(*h  renewal  he  thought 
imr  iiovcrnaients  in  India  could  not 
htand.  luiU'iK'iulent  of  this  most  im- 
|Mni.ini  eonsideration,  there  was 
in\c.  pi/uil  of  commiirce  alone,  in 
whii  h  we  would  lose  half  a  million 
auiawdly  in  consequence  of  the  non- 
icnewal  of  the  treaty.  France 
ini^hi,  tor  the  future,  s'.pply  the 
.Utni^al  pro\incis  with  salt.  His 
hucUhip  conehuleil  without  making 
any  hprcitic  ntotioh,  but  trusted 
thai  i\uuiHti*rs  would  give  as  much 
intormation  as  their  duty  would 
allow    them     on    tiiese    important 

Atwx  these  observations,  no  mo- 
tion having  been  made,  the  house 
piis-ied  to  xho  order  of  the  day. 

In  the  house  of  commons,  on  the 
i2lh  of  April, 

Sir  iMancis  Burdett  brought  for- 
wanl  his  promised  motion  for  an 
hu|uii7  into  the  conduct  of  the  late 
admiiiihtration.  He  considered  that 
tiiis  was  the  time  to  examine  the 
accounts  of  blood  and  treasure  so 
wantoidy  lavished  during  the  late 
war.  It  was  a  time  to  examine 
what  was  the  object  of  it,  if  lixed 
i)bjt;ct  it  ever  had.  Jt  appeared  to 
him  to  have  been  a  war  against  the 
liberties,  properties,  laws,  constitu- 
tion, manners,  customs,  habits,  and 
characters  of  the  English  nation. 
It  prol'essed  to  resist  innovation, 
and  it  introduced  the  greatest  inno- 
vations which  were  ever  known  in 
this  country,  and  he  firmly  believed 
it  was  to  produce  tliis  change  that 
tlie  war  had  been  undertaken  by 
tlie  late  minister.  He  thought  that 
*'  his  sounding  steps  would  not  be 
heard  amidst  tlie  din  of  war."  Sir 
Francis^  at  great  lengtli^  and  with 


much  severity,  commented  oti  aW 
the  measures  of  tlie  late  adminis"* 
tration,  which  he  represented  in  the 
strongest  language  as  contrary  to 
tlie  constitution,  laws,  and  inde- 
pendence of  this  country,  and  to 
have  led  to  the  destruction  of  its 
salety,  freedom,  and  liopour.  He 
then  dwelt  at  considerable  length, 
on  the  aft'airs  of  Ireland,  and  on  the 
old  complaints  respecting  Cold-bath 
prison  and  governor  Aris,  and  con- 
cluded by  moving  that  the  house 
should  resolve  itself  into  a»  com- 
mittee of  the  whole  house  to  in- 
quire into  the  conduct  of  the  late 
administration,  at  home  and  abroad^ 
during  the  war. 

Mr.  Stun  seconded  the  motion. 

Lord  lemple  rose  to  reply  to  the' 
speech  of  the  honourable  baronet  j 
a  speech  in  which  he  considered 
tliere  was  more  assumption  and  lesi' 
argument  than  in  any  he  had  ever 
heard  delivered  in  that  house.  The 
honourable  baronet  had  ad\'anced 
no  new  topic  upon  the  present  oo 
casion  5  he  had  only  again  gone 
over  grounds,  upon  which  the  opi- 
nion of  tlie  house  had  been  taken 
over  and  over  again.  He  still  per- 
sisted in  considering  the  war  as  a 
war  of  aggression  on  our  part,  al-" 
though  it  had  been  repeatedly  and 
most  clearly  proved,  that  its  object- 
was  to  repel  tliat  svstem  of  ja- 
cobin principles  and  jacobin  policy 
which  threatened  the  overthrow  of 
every  civilized  government,  and  was 
more  particularly  directed  against 
the  British  onistitution.  He  con- 
sidered, tlie  speech  of  the  honour- 
able baronet  as  much  better  calcu- 
lated for  a  tavern  audience  than  for 
that  house.  When  he  talked  of 
bastiles  with  such  vehemence,  he 
would  remind  him,  tliat  at  the  de- 
struction of  the  bastile  tliere  was 
only  found  in  it  one  poor  prisoner, 

whereas 


■  ,1 


•v 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


12t 


lereas  since,  every  castle  in  France 
has  been  converted  into  a  prison  to 
immure  the  wretched  inhabitants 
of  that  country.  As  to  the  hon. 
baronet's  opinion  of  the  yi(?\vs  of  tlie 
United  Irishmen,  that  opinion  had 
been  completely  contradicted  by  the 
declaratiuus  of  Artliur  O' Conner 
and  the  rest  of  his  confederates. 
As  to  his  relation  (Mr.  Pitt),  he 
most  sincerely  believed  him  to  have 
been  the  saviour  of  the  country, 
and  the  real  author  of  its  streugth, 
energy,  and  present  prosperity. 

Mr.  Archdale  replied  to  sir  Fran- 
cis, principally  on  his  statement  of 
Irish  afiairs :  as  to  the  conduct  of 
the  last  administration  in  Ireland, 
he  said  that  was  an  administration 
of  self-defence  j  it  was  assailed  by 
r^lion  and  civil  war,  and  was  ob- 
liged to  repel  force  by  force.  He 
particularly  approved  of  the  govern- 
ment of  lord  Westmoreland,  in 
i^iose  time  he  said  the  people  of 
IrelaDd  had  received  more  benefits 
than  under  any  former  administra- 
tion. He  then  spoke  of  the  jaco- 
Ua  party  of  this  country,  a  party 
which  once  was  troublesome,  and 
might  still  have  been  formidable,  if, 
in  the  course  of  this  war  of  princi- 
ples they  had  not  been  defeated  by 
arguments  as  well  as  by  tacts,  and 
driven  into  obscurity,  amidst  the 
indignation  of  the  public.  After 
lomc  general  and  very  high  pane- 
gyrics on.  the  conduct  of  Mr.  Pitt, 
he  said  that  he  could  on  his  part 
address  the  honourable  baronet  in 
these  words : 

**  Disce,  pucr,  virtutem  ex  me,  vemra- 

que  iaboreni 
"Fortunam  ab  aliis " 

He  concluded  by  saying,  that  if  he 
W  given  a  silent  vote  on  this  occa- 
«CM),  he  himself  would  stand  im- 
jeached  by  his  own  i:on8cie;ice. 


I/)rd  Belgrave  said,  that  if  the 
motion  had  been  simply  for  an  in- 
quiry into  the  conduct  of  the  late 
ministers,  he  should  not  have  pro- 
posed the  amendment  he  now  meant 
to  submit  to  them  j  but  as  the  mo- 
tion was  introduced  with  swell  vio- 
lent observations,  he  thought  it 
would  be  but  manly  in  tlie  house  to 
express  tlieir  decided  disapprobation ; 
he  theretbre  moved  an  amendment, 
that  after  the  word  "that,'*  in  sir 
Francis's  motion,  the  remaining 
words  should  be  left  out,  and  an  in- 
sertion in  tlieir  place  of  the  tlianks 
of  the  house  to  his  majesty's  late 
ministers. 

Some  conversation  took  place  .be- 
tween his  lordsliip  and  the  speaker, 
about  the  regularity  of  such  an 
amendment. 

Mr.  Pitt  requested  the  noble  lord 
would  witlidraw  his  amendment,  as 
although  he  felt  it  was  most  kindly 
meant,  yet  the  house  had  had  no 
notice  of  this  amendment,  which 
was  in  fact  a  separate  and  distinct 
motion.  He  tliought  it  would  be 
b  tter  for  the  house  to  consider 
fairly  the  question  before  it. 

Lord  Belgrave  consented  to  with- 
draw his  amendment. 

Alderman  Combe  said  a  few 
words  on  the  income  ta.K,  and  de- 
nied that  any  approbation  of  it  had 
ever  come  from  the  city  of  London 
in  its  corporate  capacity. 

Mr.  Ellison  opposed  the  motion, 
and  considered  that  it  was  to  the 
late  ministers  we  were  indebted  for 
the  security  we  now  enioy. 

Mr.  Bouvevie  supix>rted  the  ori- 
ginal motion,  which  was  opposed 
by  sir  Robert  Baxter  and  Mr.  Alex- 
aiKler. 

Sir  William  Elford  opposed  the 
motion  :  he  said  there  was  not  a 
word  in  tlie  honourable  gentleman's 

spe^h 


128        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


tprech  that  did  not  more  strongly 
apply  to  the  parlirinienr  of  tlie  coun- 
try than  to  the-  late  mini-jters.  He 
was  s^irry  the  forms  of  the  house 
prevented  the  question  being  put  on 
£he  amendment. 

I'he  house  then  divided j  for  tlie 
motion  39,  against  it  24(3. 

Lord  lielgrave  then  gave  notice, 
that  on  a  future  day  he  should  again 
bring  forward  distinctly,  in  tlie  shape 
of  a  motion,  tlie  amendment  he  liad 
moved  this  night. 

On  the  loth  of  April,  in  the  house 
of  C(jmmons,  the  Secretary  at  War 
ro.'.e,  and  presented  the  outline  of 
that  plan  which  had  been  formt^d 
by  his  majesty*s  government  for  the 
rrgulation  of  the  militia.  While 
his  maje-ty's  ministers  intended  to 
prcs(  rvr;  a  system  combining  con- 
ciliation with  firmness,  and  avoiding 
ever-/  sort  of  irritation  Avhicli  misrht 
lead  to  the  ren^-wal  dt'wr.r,  yet  they 
muit  be  always  pr':par(-d  to  defend 
the  ciAinxrv  a<raii.st  f.erv  attack, 
i'raiice,  v.hiMi  was  by  ii:;uh  our 
strr.'Mere-jt  ncidibour,  wa;  v. ;  v  much 
incrca-jed  of  late  in  her  territories 
airl  military  strength  3  it  had  in  fact 
taken  much  more  of  a  military  fomi, 
and  fr>r  tlie  future  Brirain  \'.ould  be 
lo(;k'  .1  ir;ou  with  a  soldier's  eye. 
It  Vv:i->  lixv-refore  necessary  fir  us  to 
adopt  ]jrecautions  agaiiut  the  con- 
secjuences  of  a  i'uture  war.  It  was 
l»ea:.-,nry  therefore  for  us  to  culti- 
vate a  military  spirit  in  thl.>  crountry. 
He  trusted  thathi.->  majesty  was  now 
possessed  of  as  abl(t  and  experienced 
olFiceri  f(/r  disciplining  his  army  as 
ther'i  were  in  Europe.  We  never 
possessf-H  a  greater  number  of  brave 
a»Kl  skilful  officers  than  had  been 
bred  up  in  the  la.^t  war,  many -of 
them  too  in  the  flower  of  their  age. 
Although  tlic  state  of  the  regular 
army  was^  as  might  be  expected 


from  the  exertions  of  the  loyd 
duke  who  commanded  it,  most  for- 
midable, yet,  in  considering  our 
peace  establishment,  it  was  necessary 
to  consider  the  number  and  organ- 
ization of  the  militia :  he  thought 
the  militia  should  not  be  less  than 
70,000,  of  which  he  was  happy  to 
state  that  Scotland  would  contri- 
bute 10,006.  Of  the  60,000  which 
were  to  form  the  militia  of  England^ 
he  thought  the  best  way  would  be 
to  call  out  but  40.000  in  the  first 
instance,  die  remaining  20,000 
when  occasion  should  require.  The 
Scotch  militia  he  washed  to  be  call- 
ed cut  in  thti  same  proportion.  He 
then  entered  into  tlie  detail  of  the 
dirierent  improvements  his  raajcsty^s 
ministers  intended  to  introduce  into 
the  militia  system.  The  questicHi ,, 
bein^jj  nut. 

]Mr.  Sheridan  returned  tlianksto- 
the  ri^ht  honourable  gentleman  for 
his  ver)'  clear  statement.    He  agfeed 
in  much  the  greater  part  of  what 
had  fallen  from  him.     He  agreed 
that  at  the  present  time  every  re- 
trenchment that  was  consistent  with 
prudent    precaution    ought    to   be 
made.     In  regulating  our   military 
establishment,  it  was  •  necessary  ' to 
con.->ider  the  great  establishment  of 
our  formidable  rival.     He  had  ever  ■. 
been  a  determined  friend  to  the  mi- 
litia  system,  which  he   considered' 
the    constitutional   defence    of  the' 
country,  and  nothing  had  gi\^n  him  ■ 
more  regret  than  to  see  the  system 
endangered  by  the  practice  of  draft- 
ing from  the  militia  force  into  the 
regular  army :  this  was  in  fact  mak- 
ing mere  drill  sergeants  of  the  no- 
blemen and  gentlemen  whose  influ- 
ence and  attention  had  raised  the 
militia    regiments    and    disciplined 
them.      The   honourable    member- 
then,  after  paying  the  higjjest  com* 

piiments 


/ 


illSTORY    Of    EUROPE.  129 

fliments  to  our  navy,  begged  to  call  Mr.  Windham  rose   to   request 
tiie  attention  of  the  house  to  that  mi-  tliat  a  day  might  be  appointed  for 
serable  pittance  which  was  given  to  the  "Consideration  of  the  definitive 
our  brave  naval  officej-s  in  peace  as  treaty.     He    could    by    no  means 
their  half-pay.  Independently  of  the  agree  with    an    observation  which 
duty  of  gratitude,-by  which  we  were  had  been  made  by  lord  Hawkesbur}% 
bound  liberally  to  re>vard  all  those  that  it  was  unusual  to  have  an  in- 
who  had  rendered  us  such  distinguish-  quiry  on  a   definitive  treaty,  when 
ed  service  in  war,  he  thought  state  the  preliminary  treaty  had  received 
policy  required  that  we  should  give  the  approbation  of  the  house.     The 
our  naval  officers  something  like  a  points  on  which  he  proposed  to  touch 
comfortable  subsistence  in  time  of  were,  1st,  those  which,  though  they 
peace.    We  knew  how  highly  tlieir  existed  at  the  time  of  tlie  prelimi- 
valour  and  their  skill  were  thought  nary  treaty,  were  not  then  known  to 
of  all  over  Europe  j  and  if  we  did  the  house  ,•  2dly,  what  had  happen- 
Hot  bind  them  to  our  service,  foreign  ed   since  the  preliminaries;    3dly, 
powers  would  endeavour  to  attract  whether  the  principles  of  the  preli- 
them  to  theirs.     The  half-pay  of  a  minaries  had  been  departed  from  j 
lieutenant  now  did  not  exceed  50/.  and  4thly,  what  were  the  points  in 
per  annum.     He  should  not  press  the  definitive  treaty  which  did  not 
those,  obsen^ations  further  at  pre-  exist  at  the  time  of  signing  the  pre- 
sent :  he  thought  it  was  sufficient  liminarlcs  ?  Under  the  first  head  he 
to-  throw  out  the  idea  to  the  consi-  classed  the  cession  of  Louisiana,  and 
deration  of  the  house  dnd  tlie  go-  of  the  island  of  Elba,  and  the  new 
?emment.                                           .  boundaries  of  French  Guiana.     On 
Mr.  Foster  highly  approved  9f  the  all  these  topics,  he  contended  that 
ideas  thrown  out  by  the  secretary  of  the  French  liad  behaved  with  tlie 
war,  and  hoped  that  the  plan  of  con-  most  marked  ill  faith,  and  had  ob- 
solidating  the  militia  laws,  and  the  tained  advantages  which  neither  par- 
other  improvements  in  the  system,  liament  nor  tlie  country  dreamed  of 
might  be  extended  to  Ireland.  at  the  time  6f  signing  tlie  prclimi- 
The  Secretary  of  War  said,  he  was  naries  ;  as  to  the  value  of  Louisi- 
glad  the  right  honourable  gentleman  ana,  he  considered  it   incalculable, 
had  put  him  in  mind  of  this.     He  and  tliat  it   gave    them  all    South 
certainly  wished  the  Irish  militia  to  America.     Since  die  preliminaries, 
be  put  on  the. same  footing  with  the  the  French  government  has  seized 
English.  upon   the    Italian    republic :     they 
Mr.  Wickham  made  a  few  ob-  sent  out  a    most    powerful   arma- 
.servations  to  the  same  purport.  ment   to   tlie  West  Indies,    to  re- 
Leave  was  then  given  to  bring  in  "establish  their  power  in  that   part 
the  bill,  as  also  a  similar  bill   for  of  the   world.     Among  the  points 
Scotland.                         "  in  which  tliis  definitive  treaty  dif- 
Prior  to  the  day  which  was  ap-  fered   the  most   from  tlie  prelimi- 
pointed  for  the  discussion  of  the  de-  naries,   ^was    the   fate    of    Malta. 
finitive  treaty,  many  questions  were  By    the   preliminaries    tliat  island 
asked  by  the  opposition.     On  tlie  was  to  belong  to  the  independent 
3d  of  May,  in  the  house  of  com-  order  of  Malta,    but    Jbrance   has 
moQs,  since  confiscated  their  po;>sessions 
YoL.XLIV.                                *  K                                       both 


130        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


both  in  France  and  in  the  Italian 
republic.  Spain  has  acted  in  a 
similar  manner  5  by  which  conduct, 
this  order,  that  was  to  be  indepen- 
dent, is  reduced  to  one  fifth  of  its 
former  revenues,  and  is  utterly 
incapable  of  maintaining  its  inde- 
pendence. The  actual  revenues 
of  the  order  are  now  but  30,000/. 
annually,  which  is  evidendy  not 
enough  to  maintain  its  garrisons 
and  fortifications.  Malta  he  there- 
fore considered  as  a  French  island. 
As  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  too, 
which  had  been  yielded  to  the 
Dutch  in  full  sovereignt)',  what 
was  to  prevent  them  from  yielding 
k  to  France  ?  After  touching  on 
the  non-renewal  of  treaties,  the 
entire  omission  of  tlie  interests  of 
the  prince  of  Orange,  and  indeed 
the  desertion  of  all  our  allies,  he 
concluded  by  moving,  that  the 
house  do,  on  the  l^th  of  May, 
take  into  consideration  tlie  defini- 
aitive  treaty  concluded  at  Amiens. 

Air.  Elliot  seconded  the  motion. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
admitted  that  the  motion  was  an 
extremely  proper  one,  and  he  was 
glad  that  it  was  made:  he  could 
not  himself  have  made  it,  because 
it  was  contrary  to  die  established 
practice  for  any  of  his  majesty's 
government  to  make  a  similar  mo- 
tion ;  but  he  was  glad  that  it  came, 
from  another  quarter,  as  it  would 
allow  his  majesty's  ministers  an  op* 
portunity  of  defending  the  treaty 
they  had  made.  He  did  not,  how- 
«ver,  think  this  was  the  time  to 
examine  the  various  objections 
his  right  honourable  friend  had 
made  i  he  should  reserve  himself 
to  enter  at  length  into  the  subject, 
when  it  should  be  regularly  before 
liie  house.  He  should,  however, 
BSLYf  that  as  to  the.  aurretider  of  the 
3 


island  of  Elba,  it  was  not  the  ^ 
of  his  majesty's  ministers,  but  of  a 
state,  whose  independence  we  had  ac- 
knowledged.   As  to  the  occupation 
of  the  Italian  r^ublic  by  France> 
it  was  certainly  a  point  of  the  ut- 
most importance,    and  what  every 
one    who  felt  an  anxious  jealousy 
of  die    aggrandizement  ef  Franoe 
must  sincerely  regret  j  but  yet  he  did 
not  suppose  that  his  right  hoiiouira- 
ble  friend    would   advise    the    re-. 
newal  of  war  on  that  ground.     At 
to  the  non-renewal  of  certain  trea- 
ties,   respecting     commerciaL   ar- 
rangements,   he  could   assure  the 
right  honourable  gendeman,  that  that 
omission,  as  he  seemed  to  coiisider 
it,  was  perfecdy  deliberate  and  wil- 
fiil  on  our  part ;  and  he  trusted  that 
when'  the  time  came  for  fully  dis* 
cussing  die  merits  of  this  &eaty» 
the  house  would,  in  that  respect^   « 
agree  with  his  nlaiesty's  ministeitt 
in  the  proprieQr  of  their  conduct 
Afler  giving  a  diiort  answer  to  seve-' 
ral  aC  the  points  touched  upon  in  the'  - 
speech  of  the  right  honourable  gen- 
deman, he  lamented  jhat  he  had  not 
gone  a  littie  further,  and  stated  what 
was  the  object  of  the  objections  h^ 
intended  to  make;  whether  it  was 
by  way    of  opposing    the  restitu- 
tions^ agreed  by    the    treaty    that 
this  country  should  make  ?  or  whe- 
ther it  was  only^  a  general  censure 
on  the  treaty,  and  a  condemnadoo 
of  the  ministers  whocohcluded  it? 
It,  however,  appeared  to  him  that  it ' 
was  too  long  to  keep  the  public  mu^p^ 
in  suspense,  on  such  an  important 
subject  for  *  a  fortnight :  he  there** 
fore   should  move,  as  an   amend- 
ment to  the  motion  of  his  honour- 
able   friend,    that   instead   of  the 
words  18th  of  May,  the  1 1th  should 
be  substituted  in  the  motion.     . 
Mr.  Thomas  Grenville  expresse4 

,great 


MtSTOfeY     OF     EUROPE.         131 


gfCtIt  astonishment,  that  a  fortnight 
should  be  considered  too  long  a 
time  for  gentlemen  to  bestow  to 
make  themselves  masters  of  that 
important  subject,  and  tx)  obtain 
that  information  witliout  which 
discussion  was  idle.  If  this  treaty 
contained  no  otlier  feature,  but  the 
omission  to  renew  our  former  trea- 
ties on  which  our  sovereignty  in 
India  depended,  even  the  consider- 
ation of  a  subject,  involving  so 
many  complicated  relati<)ns  and 
bearings  would  require  at  least  a 
^rtnight.  If  it  was  really  the 
intention  of  his  majesty's  ministers 
to  give  a  full,  fair,  and  candid  dis- 
cussion, why  should  that  discussion 
be  so  precipitated  ?  This  desire  of 
precipitation  certainly  seemed  very 
incoi^ststent :  it  appeared  like  tlie 
Conduct  of  school-boys,  who,  when 
they  are  obliged  to  swallow  a  nau- 
seous draught,  gulp  it  all  down 
at  onoe.  As  he  was  convinced  the 
necessary  information  could  not  be 
obtained  in  less  than  a  fortnight, 
he  should  vote'  for  the  original 
motion. 

Lord  Hawkesbury  said,  that  he 
should  delay  fully  answering  the 
objections  of  Mr.  Windham  till  tlie 
day  appointed  for  the  discussion. 
But  he  said  it  was  evident,  tliat 
'although  every  time  for  informa- 
tion ought  to  be  given,  yet  on  a 
business  of  such  extreme  import" 
toce,  and  so  deeply  interesting  to 
the  feelings  of  the  nation,  there 
shoulcl  be  no  juunccessary  delay. 
^As  to  the  cessions  of  the  isle  of 
Elba,  Louisiana,  and  the  acceptance 
of  the  first  consul  of  the  presidency 
of  the  Italian  republic,  these  were 
events  which  tlie  public  had  been 
perfectly  apprized  o^  for  several 
months,  and  certainly  did  not  re- 
quire at  thi^    moment  apy  delay. 


in  order  to  form  an  opinion  about. 
In  point  of  fact,  tlie  definitive  ti-eaty 
had  been  for  a  considera))le  time 
before  the  public,  as  it  had  been 
published  by  France  very  sliortly 
after  it  was  signed.  He  had  not 
heard  any  thing  stated  by  cither 
of  his  right  honourable  friends, 
which  could  afford  the  least  clue 
to  judge  what  was  the  information 
ret]uired. 

Mr.  Windham  then  mentioned, 
that  probably  a  good  part  of  the 
fortnight  would  be  occupied  in 
motions  for  such  papers  as  might 
appear  to  him  and  his  friends  ne- 
cessary for  tlie  purpose  of  having 
that  information  on  the  subject 
that  was  required. 

Mr.  Pitt  hoped  that  his  right 
honourable  friend  would  to-morrow 
state  distincdy  what  papers  he 
wished  to  move  for.  He  said,  that 
his  speech  had  shown  such  a 
mass  of  information,  that  he  could 
not  conceive  that  much  more  was 
wanting  to  him.  The  amendment 
was  then  carried. 

In  the  house  of  lords,  on  the 
4tli  of  May, 

Lord  .Grenville  called  tlie  atten- 
tion of  tlie  house  to  the  same  sub- 
ject :  he  said,  that  he  had  carefully 
abstained  from  offering  any  objec- 
tions, «fter  the  approval  of  the  pre- 
liminary treaty,  to  the  signing  of 
the  definitive,  as  he  wished  to  cause 
no  obstructions  to  the  complete 
establishment  of  peace  ^  but  now 
that  tlie  ratification  has  taken  place,, 
and  the  public  faith  and  honour 
are  irrevocably  pledged,  he  thought 
the  time  was  come  to  ejcamine  'this 
peace  in  all  its  bearings,  to  see  how 
far  it  diflered  from  what  the  nation 
had  a-  right  to  expect  froar  die- 
preliminaries.  The  Methiien  treaty 
is  now  given  fip^auji  we  have  ceded 


132         ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


to  France  a  most  important  maritime 
position  at  tlie  mouth  of  the  river 
of  Amazons,  which  in  a  manner 
throws  Brazil,  and  with  it  our  Ejfst 
India  commerce  (in  war  time),  at 
the  mercy  of  France.  The  house 
i)f  Ornnge  too  has  been  phindered 
of  landed  property  to  the  value  of 
100,0001.  annually,  merely  from 
the  attachment  of  that  prince  to 
our  intercuts,  and  diose  losses  are 
rarelesslv  mentioned  as  losses  suf- 
frred  by  Uie  house  of  Nassau.  We 
should,  under  those  circnimstan'ces, 
have  certainly  done  more  5  we 
should  have  insisted  upon  com- 
plete restitution  of  all  that  was 
forfeited  in  our  cause.  As  to  his^ 
hereditary  rights  and  dignities, 
where  was  he  to  receive  compen- 
fintion  for  their  loss  ?  There  was  no 
definite  obligation  imposed  apbn  any 
body,  and  while  the  British  am- 
bassador .was  signing  the  treaty, 
the  Dutch  ambassador,  by  a  private 
imderstanding  with  the  French 
juinistet,  was  discharging  his  coun- 
try from  that  obligation  under 
whicli  it  was  understood  to  be 
bound.  As  to  tlie  observations 
he  intended  to  offer  respecting 
Malta,  and  other  points  in  which 
the,  detinitive  treaty  differed  from 
the  preliminaries,  he  found  himself 
anticipated  by  the  political,  re- 
flections of  a  French  Paper,  which 
sernied  authorized  by  their  govern- 
ment. That  paper  states,  and 
very  truly,  that  the  definitive  treaty 
was  still  more  glorious  for  France 
than  thi^  preliminaries,  and  that 
as  to  Malta,  the  arrangements  are 
all  in  favour  of  France  -,  for  while 
Malta-i^  Neapolitan,  it  may  in  fact 
be  ^Sfesidcred  French.  The  French 
corameritator  laid  most  paVticular 
jstress  on  tlie  advantages  France 
aod  her    allies    had"  acqirircd    by 


the  non-renewal  of  former  treaties/ 
Independently  of  the  great  commer- 
cial advantages  which  England  was 
allowed  to  possess  in  all  those 
treaties,  advantages  which  contri- 
buted so  much  to  the  great  superio- 
rity of  her  navy,  there  were  some 
points  in  tliose  treaties  which  were 
degrading  to  the  allies  of  France  ; 
for  instance,  that  article  which 
obliged  tlic  Dutch  to  lower  their 
flag  to  tliat  of  Eriglandi  This  species 
of  vassalage  was  done  away  with, 
the  old  law  was  destroyed,  anew 
public  law  commences,and  other  na- 
tions might  one  day  have  their  act 
of  navigation.  His  lordship,  after 
forcibly  arguing  in  support  of.  these 
observations,  totiched  upon  points 
which,  though  of  great  consequence 
in  themselves,  must  yet  be  consi- 
dered of  lesser  importance. The  ces- 
sion of  Louisiana,  and  the  occupa- 
tion of  Italy,  both  which  events  oc- 
curred since  the  preliminary- treat}% 
seemed  to  reqiiire  that  we  should,  at 
least,  have  demanded  some  equiva- 
lent. By^  the  non-renewal  of  treaties 
we  seemed  to  have  abandoned  both 
the  gum  trade  and  our-  right  of 
cutting  logwood  at  Honduras.  His 
lordship  then  read  to  the  house  the 
last  speech  of  William  the  I'hird  to 
his  parliament,  which  appeared  in 
some  isort  a  dying  legacy  to  tlie 
country.  He  at  that  time  felt  per- 
fectly aware  of  the  dangers  which 
the  great  power  and  restless  ambi- 
tion of  thfe  French  monarch  tlireat- 
enfed  all  Europe  with.  He  had,  ^ 
with  unremitting  zeal  and  skilful 
management,  formed  the  grandest 
coalition  against  France  which  was 
ever  made.*  This  speech  pointed 
out  to  tlie  country,  in  the  most 
forcible  language,  tlie  great' danger 
tliat  tlireatened  Europe  from  the 
French  kirg  placing 'his  grandson 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


133 


on  die  throne  of  Spain  j  but  infi- 
nitely greater  dangers  now  menaced 
it.  His  lordship  concluded  by  mov- 
ing, *'  tliat  the  house  do  take  into 
their  consideration,  on  Friday  se'^i- 
night,  the  definitive  treaty  of  peace 
concluded  at  Amiens." 

Lord  Pelliam  could  not  see  that 
there  was  any  necessity  for  discuss- 
ing the  definitive  treaty  in  that  liouse, 
unless  merely  to  ground  a  vote  of 
censure  against  ministers.  He  must 
confess  tliat  the  peace  was  not  ex- 
acdy  such  a  one  as  might  have  been 
wished  by  this  country  5  but,  such 
as  it  was,  he  would  venture  to  say, 
that  by  far  a  majority  of  the  people 
of  this  country  would  prefer  it  to  a 
renewal  of  the  war.  Ministers  had 
done  as  much  as  it  was  in  their 
power  to  do,  and  he  was  sure  im- 
possibilities would  not  be  required 
from  them.  With  respect  to  their 
allies,  Portugal  and  .  tlie  prince  of 
Orange,  they  had  certainly  by  no 
means  abandoned  their  interests,  al- 
tliough  they  had  not  been  able  to 
obtain  tliem  such  terms  as  they 
could  have  wished.  He  concluded 
by  moving  an  amendment,  that  in- 
steiad  of  Friday  die  14th,  should  be 
inserted,  Wednesday  the  12thi 

LordThurlow  conceived  the  noble 
mover  was  extremely  irregular  in 
entering  so  much  in  detail  upon  a 
n^otion  merely  to  fix  a  day  for  a  dis- 
cussion. As  to  subsisting  treaties, 
they  were  always  at  an  end  when 
war  was  conamenced  between  those 
who  were  parties  to  them.  It  be- 
hoved therefore  those  who  plunged 
the  country  in  hostilities  not  to  have 
set  those  treaties  jDpse  in  that  rpan- 
Ber;  for  after  war  was  begun,  it  by 
no  means  foljowcd  that  those  treaties 
must  be  renewed  ai  the  peace,  that 
depended  on  thp  \viU  Qt  rt^^.  con- 
tracting parties. 


Lord  Carlisle  was  surprised  at  the 
noble  secretary's  not  i>erceiving  that 
any  arguments  had  been  adduced  by 
the  noble  lord  who  made  this  motion 
for  a  discussion  of  the  treaty.  He 
thought  every  sentence,  or  rather 
every  period,  he  had  uttered  was  a 
strong  argument  in  favour  of  a  dis- 
cussion. He  declared,  that  it  was 
not  his  intention  to  move  a  censure 
on  ministers,  his  views  were  of  a 
more  liberal  and  dignified  nature;  it 
was  to  call  upon  their  lordships 
firmly  and  manfully  to  meet  the 
dangers  and  difiSculties  in  which  this 
treaty  had  left  die  country,  and  to 
endeavour  to  prevent  them.  This 
he  diought  might  still  be  done  with- 
out a  renewal  of  hostilities.  He 
tliought  moreover,  that' if  ministers 
had  been  more  firm  and  decided  in 
tlie  interval  between  the  prelimi- 
naries and  definitive  treaty,  there 
would  then  have  been  no  occasion  for 
discussing  the  definitive  treaty  after 
die  preliminaries  had  been  approved 
of. 

•  The  Lord  Chancellor  was  glad 
that  such  a  motion  had  been  made, 
as  from  die  share  he  had  in  his  ma- 
jesty's councils,  he  naturally  wished 
for  an  opportunity  of  defending  the 
measures  which  he  had  advised,  and 
yet,  according  to  the  established 
practise,  no  motion  for  discussing  a 
definitive  treaty  could  come  from 
his  majesty's  ministers.  Jf,  by  the 
omission  of  naming  die  former 
treaties,  they  were  to  be  considered 
as  abrogated,  then  indeed  his  ma- 
jesty's ministers  would  deserve  for 
ever  to  be  dismissed  from  his  coun- 
cils and  presence. 

Lord  Auckland  heard,  with  great 
satisfaction^  the  opinions  ^several 
noble  lords  respecting  our ^rfits  in 
India.  He  assurjed^  that  tSty  did 
not  depend  upon  any  treaties  mad<j 
Ji  3  Viltk 


im>        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  <I802. 


'with  France ;  they  tixre  ours  as  so- 
vereigns of  Bengal. 

Alter  some  additional  observations 
from  the  chancellor  and  lord  Gren- 
ville,  the  amendment  was  adopted, 
and  the  lords  were  ordered  to  be 
specially  summoned  for  the  night 
appointed  for  the  discussion. 

On  the  same  day,  in  the  house  of 
commons,    the   Secretary  at  War 
moved  for  leave  to  bring  in  a  bill  to 
enable  his  majesty  to  avail  himself 
of  the  offers  of  service  of  different 
yeomen  and  volunteer  corps :  in  the 
preface  to  his   motion,   he  stated, 
with  great  force,  the  necessity  there 
was,  at  the  present  times,  of  cultivat- 
ing and  keeping  up  a  military  spirit 
in  this  countiy.     Although  he  sin- 
cerely   hoped    the    present    peace 
would  for  a  long  time  meet  no  in- 
terruption,  yet  it    was    absolutely 
necessary  that  we  .should  always  be 
in  a  situation  to  assemble  speedily 
a  considerable  body  of  men  for  the 
defence  of  tlie  country,  in  case  of  a 
sudden  rupture  with  France.     He 
proposed  to  encourage  the  existence 
of  those  corps,  by  giving  certain  in- 
demnities to  the  officers  and  meq 
serving  in  them.     An  exemption 
from  serving  in  the  militia  was  to  be 
extended  to  all  the  corps,  both  of 
yeomaniy  and  volunteers  ;  besides 
that,  the  yeomen  were  to  be  Ex- 
empted from  the  horse  duty,  and 
the  hair-powder  tax,  and  from  which 
last  tax  the  volunteers  were  also  to 
^be  exempted.     He  agaiti  insisted, 
that  it  was  only  by  cultivating  this 
^  military  character  among  all  ranks, 
that  our  national  independence  and 
glory  could  be  maintained. 

Mr.  Spencer  Stanhope  objected  to 
this  plan,  as  being  contrary  to  the 
usages  of  the  constitution  to  keep  up 
such  a  force  in  time  of  profound 
peace. 


The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
considered  that  as  ohc  of  the  most 
extraordinary  objections  he  had  ever 
heard.  To  his  judgment,  nothing 
appeared  more  admirable  than  the 
constitution  of  our  volunteer  esta- 
blishment, an  ,  establishment  that 
could  only  exist  in  a  free  cdiuitry. 
The  readiness  of  government  td 
place  arms  in  the  hands  of  large 
bodies  of  citizetis,  and  of  those  citi- 
zens to  receive  them,  showed  the 
mutual  confidence  which  subsisted 
between  theih.  It  proved  that  go- 
vernment had  no  designs  against  the 
liberty  of  the  j^ubject,  and  tliat  the 
subject  fe'tan  interest  in  the  protect 
tion  of  the  government. 

After  a  few  words  in  explanation 
by  Mr.  Stanhope,  leave  was  given 
to  bring  in  the  bill. 

On  the  5  th  of  May,  in  the  house 
of  lords. 

Lord  Carlisle  moved,  '*  that  an 
humble  address  be  laid  before  his 
majesty,  praying  him  to  direct  copies 
Xo  be  laid  before  the  house,  of  the 
separate  convention  concluded  at 
Amiens,  in  explanation  of  the  18th 
article  of  tlie  definitive  treaty,  which 
stipulated  for  compensation  to  tljo 
prince  of  Orange.'*  His  lordship 
seemed  to  consider  tliat  minister^ 
-had  entirely  deserted  the  interests  of 
that  illustrious  prince  -,  they  had  in- 
deed agreed  in  the  definiti\'e  treaty, 
tliat  compensation  should  be  made 
to  that  branch  of  the  house  of  Nas- 
sau lately  settled  in  Holland.  How- 
ever contemptuous  this  language  was, 
the  waving  the  question  of  these 
compensations  was  a  more  serious 
injury  done  to  that  house.  It  did 
not  now  appear  from  what  quarter 
the  compensation  was  to  come, 
though  tlie  loss  was  above  100,000/. 
annually  in  property. 
The  marouis  Cornwallis  disclaims 

e<* 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.        i3i 


cd  ihc  idea  of  his  having  deserted 
the  interests  of  the  prince  of  Orange. 
He  conceived  the  private  agreement 
of  two  of  the  contracting  parties  as 
in  no  way  binding  on  tl»e  others, 
and  he  did  not  entertain  the  slightest 
doubt  but  that  this  article  of  the 
treaty  would  be  carried  into  effect, 
and  that  a  full  and  adequate  com- 
pensation would  be  procured  for 
diat  prince  and  his  adherents. 

Lord  Pelham  said,  such  an  ad- 
dress as  was  moved  for  could  not 
be  6f  any  avail,  as,  in  poiiU  of  fact, 
government  had  never  been  apprized 
officially  of  the  existence  of  such  a 
convention. 

Lord  Carlisle  expressed  astonish- 
ment at  this  reply,  as  he  thought 
his  majesty's  government  ought  to 
have  obtained  this  convention  by  the 
means  of  their  charge  d'aftaires  at 
Paris  'y  but  if  they  were  not  in  pos- 
session of  this  information,-  he  must 
withdraw  his  motion. 

The  Lord  Chancellor  said,  that 
if  the  faith  of  treaties  and  of  nations 
were  at  all  to  be  depended  upon, 
there  was  no  reason  to  suppose  the 
prince  of  Orange  would  not  be  in- 
demnified; any  private  agreement 
between  two  powers  could  not  af- 
fect the  general  question.  He  con- 
cluded by  suggesting  an  opinion, 
tliat  perhaps  it  would  be  more  for 
the  interests  of  the  prince  and  his 
adherents,  that  doubts  and  difficul- 
ties, should  not  be  started  here,  as 
to  the  provisions  of  the  treaty  in 
that  respect. 

Lord  Grenville  thought  it  was  a 
sufficient  reason  why  sucli  an  early 
day  should  not  be  fixed  for  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  treaty,  that  his  ma-' 
jesty's  ministers  now  confessed  they 
were  not  in  possession  of  a  most 
important  document  for  explaining 
ow  of  the  principal  articles. 


After  some  explanations  from  the 
Chancellor  and  lord  Grenville,  lord 
Pelham  said,  it  must  not  be  forgot 
that  this  country  had,  in  17^7*  ^one 
a  good  deal  for  Holland,  and  the  in- 
terests of  the  prince  of  Orange,  and 
that  it  was  not  for  tlie  cause  of  this 
country  only,  but  for  the  common 
cause  of  all  the  allied  powers,  that 
the  prince  of  Orange  and  his'  adhe- 
rents had  risked  so  much. 

Lord  Hobart  denied  what  had  been 
stated  by  lord  Carlisle,  that  it  was 
in^tlie  name,  and  in  trust  for  tlie 
prince  of  Orange,  that  we  got  pos- 
session of  the  Dutch  colonies.  We 
took  them  by  force  of  arm^.  Almost 
all  tlie^Dutch  governors  replied,  to 
the  letters  of  the  prince  of  Orange, 
tliat  they  could  attend  to  lio  orders 
from  him,  dated  at  Hampton- 
court. 

Lord  Holland  said,  he  never  could 
admit  the  principle  laid  down  by 
the  lord  chancellor,  that  it  might  bo 
more  prudent  not  to  speak  upon 
tliat  question  in  tlie  house,  for  fear 
of  hurting  the  interests  of  the  house 
of  Orange.  If  that  principle  was 
once  admitted,  ministers  might 
carry  it  to  any  length  j  it  might  be 
said,  that  all  parliamentary  discus- 
sions of  public  questions  were  merely 
to  embarrass  the  ministers,  and  to 
give  hints  to  the  enemy. 

A  desultory  conversation  tJien 
took  place,  in  which  the  prqjtt  of 
1797  having  been  often  mentioned. 

Lord  Grenville  took  an  opportu- 
nity to  say,  he  bad  tlie  authority  of 
the  late  chancellor  of  the  exche- 
quer, the  late  secretary  at  war,  and. 
he  believed  he  might  add  tliat  of 
two  noble  lords  theij  present,  to 
say,  that  it  was  not  the  intention 
of  his  majesty's  ministers  to  r^ede 
in  the  smallest  de^ee  from  the 
terms  of  that  j>rq/e/, 

K  4  Lord 


136 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


Lord  Carlisle  was  permitted  to 
withdraw  his  motion. 

The  next  day, .  in  the  house  of 
commons, 

Mr.  W.  Elliot  rose  to  move  for 
papers  connected  with  the  defini- 
tive treaty.  The  first  paper  he 
moved  to  be  laid  before  the  house 
was  the  treaty  of  Badajos.  In  in- 
troducing his  motion,  he  com- 
mented with  great  severity  on  tlie 
conduct  of  government  towards  Por- 
tugal in  the  definitive  treaty.  He 
said,  we  asserted  the  integrity  of 
Portugal  in  words,  and  at  the  same 
time  guarantied  her  dismember- 
ment. This  seemed  as  if  it  had 
been  done  merely  to  display  our 
weakness  and  inability  to  protect 
our  allies.  He  expatiated  at  very 
considerable  length  on  the  import- 
ance he  conceived  the  cessions  in 
Guiana  were  of  to  France,  as  giv- 
ing her  the  commerce,  if  not  the 
t^Titories  of  the  Brazils. 

Lord  Hawkesbury  had  no  objec- 
tion to  the  production  of  the  treaty, 
but  disapproved  highly  of  the  ob- 
servations made  by  the  honourable 
gentleman  in  support  of  his  mo- 
tion. He  observed,  that  at  the 
time  when  the  Egyptian  expedition 
took  up  the  whole  of  our  disposeable 
fprce  and  we  had  not  the  means  of 
defending  Portugal,  at  her  applica- 
tion we  released  her  from  all  en- 
gagements, allowed  her  to  make 
a  peace  most  prejudicial  to  our 
commercial  interests,  and  even 
voted  her  a  subsidy  to  enable  her  to 
get  better  terms  j  this  was  doing  all 
we  could  for  Portugal,  and  it  could 
not  be  expected  tliat  we  should  not 
now  conclude  a  peace  for  ourselves, 
iinless  every  thing  was  restored  to 
Portugal  which  she  had  ceded  by 
tjiat  treaty. 


After  some  observations  from  Df  * 
Lawrence  and  lord  Temple, 

Mr.  T.  Grenville  went  at  consi- 
derable length  into  the  subject,  and 
differed  altogether  from  tlie  noble 
secretaiy,  who  supposed  we  were 
not  bound  -  by  our  alliance  to  reco- 
ver back  for  Portugal  what  she  had' 
so  ceded  in  a 'moment  of  difficulty 
and  danger.  He  thought  tlie  late 
administration  would  have  seen  thg 
obligation,  in  a  very  different  light. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exche-^ 
quer  was  sui-prised  that  gentlemen 
should  so  often  make  mistakes  on  a 
subject  which  had  been  so  repeatedly 
explained.  Before  the  prelimina-i 
ries  were  signed,  we  knew  of  the 
treaty  of  Badajos,  by  which  the  river 
Arowari  was  to  be  the  boundary 
between  French  and  Portugueze 
Guiana  5  but  for  fear  Portugal  might 
be  induced  to  make  still  further  sa-f 
crifices,  the  integrity  of  her  terri- 
tory was  guarantied  after  the  treaty 
of  Badajos  was  known.  He  felt 
convinced,  that  when  the  day  came 
for  discussing  the  treaty  regularly, 
ministers  would  be  able  to  justify 
their  conduct  in  a  manner  that 
would  satisfy  both  the  house  and 
the  country.  T^e  motion  was  then 
agreed  to. 

On  the  6th  of  May,  in  the  house 
of  commons,  lord  Temple  moved 
for  papers  relative  to  the  island  of 
Malta,  which  were  granted  without 
opposition.  He  then  moved  that  a 
copy  of  the  treaty  of  Luneville 
should  be  laid  before  the  house. 

Lord  Hawkesbury  objected  to 
this  motion,  as  there  was  no  patr-. 
liamentary  reason  assigned  for  it.- 
Tlie  treaty  of  Luneville  had  beei^ 
concluded  a  year  and  a  half  ago,  and 
was  a  matter  of  public  notoriety. 

Mr.   Pitt   ratlier  disapproved  of 

til? 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE; 


1S7 


tie  mode  taken  by  the  noble  lord 
and  his  friends,  upon  tlie  present 
occasion.  Their  objects  seemed 
to  be  to  hunt  down,  one  by  one, 
the  separate  stipulations  of  the 
treaty,  and  that  not  in  the  most 
regular  manner.  It  was  much 
(he  best  way,  in  his  opiuion,  to 
discuss  tlie  treaty  together  as  a 
whole,  and  not  examine  it  by  piece- 
ipeal.  As  for  the  treaty  of  Lune- 
ville,  which  was  now  moved  for, 
it  was  not  a  British  transaction  : 
Great  Britain  had  nothing  to  do 
with  it ;  and  we  know  that  those 
who  made  it  have  violated  it.  The 
business  of  the  assumption  of  tlie 
Itiilian  republic  is  certainly  an  out- 
rageous breach  of  the  treaty  of  Lu- 
neville  5  but  as  we  had  notliing  to 
do  with  that  treaty,  we  must  con- 
sider that  and  several  other  ques- 
tions only  as  they  bear  upon  the 
relative  situation  of  the  contracting 
paities  to  the  treaty  of  Amiens. 

After  a  few  observations  from 
other  gentlemen^  tiie  motion  was 
negatived. 

On  tlie  same  day,  in  the  house 
of  lords. 

Lord  Spencer  made  a  similar  mor 
tion  with  respect  to  papers  concern- 
ing tlie  island  of  Malta,  which  he 
prefaced  with  a  very  long  speech, 
in  which  his  lordship  entered  very 
fully  into  the  situation  which  this 
treaty,  professing  to  restore  the  island 
to  tlie  order,  and  the  acts  of  France 
confiscating  most  of  its  j)ropcrty, 
would  place  tlie  island  of  Malta  in  ; 
leaving  all  tlie  subsisting  langues  de- 
pendent on  France,  having  no  re- 
venues to  support  their  own  esia- 
blishment,  they  must  necessarily  be 
dependent  on  France.  The  Nca- 
pOiitan  o-arrison  of  2000  men  would 
i;t;ver  be  able  to  prevent  France 
from  pobsessing  herself  of  the  isr 


laiid  5  on  the  contrary,  they  would 
give  her  a  pretence  for  seizing  it 
upon  the  slightest  quarrel  with 
Naples.  The  island  of  Malta  was 
connected  with  tlie  most  important 
interests  of  the  British  empire,  and 
ought  not  to  have  been*  ceded  to 
France. 

Lord  Hobart  did  not  object  to 
the  production  of  the  papers,  but 
said,  he  should  reserve,  till  the 
treaty  was  regularly  under  discus- 
f  sion,  the  arguments  which  it  would 
then  be  his  duty  to  offer  on  this  as 
well  as  every  other  part  of  the 
treaty. 

Lord  Grcnville  thought  we  should 
have  retained-  Malta  in  our  hands, 
iis  soon  as  the  emperor  of  Russia 
had  refused  to  guaranty  it.  He 
wished  much  that  the  house  should 
be  in  possession  of  the  information 
those  papers  were  likely  to  convey. 

Lord  Holland  did  not  consider 
this  island  of  that  superior  import- 
ance which  many  persons  conceixed 
it  of.  For  his  part  he  should  pre- 
fer retaining  the  Isle  of  F)lba,  or 
any  island  that  would  give  us  ac- 
cess to  an  Italian  port.  The  motion 
was  agreed  to. 

On  the  lodi  of  May  there  were 
other  debates  in  the  house  of  lords 
on  motions  for  the  production  of 
papers. 

Lord  Holland  moved  for , tlie  pro- 
duction ol  copies  of  the  treaties  be- 
tween France  and  Portugal  j  not 
^only  those  which  had  been  recently 
concluded,  but  also  the  convention 
proposed  at  Campo  Formio  in  1  /(j/, 
and  \shich,  as  his  lordship  was  in- 
formed, this  country  would  not 
allow  P()rtuo;al  to  siixn.  His  lord- 
ship  thpught  we  had  been  guilty 
of  a  1)1  each  of  good  faith  to  Portu- 
gal, in  -the  linU  place,  in  suflering 
i^er  to  lall  into  so  helpless  a  state 

as 


1S8        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  180^. 


2!!  to  be  obliged  to  sign  the  trca^ 
of  Badajos ;  for  he  contended  that 
it  was  mtTely  our  choosing  to  break 
the  treaty  of  El^Arisch,  that  made 
it  necessary  for  \xi  to  send  to  Egypt 
that  afniy  which  had  been  destined 
for  Portugal.  He  also  considered 
we  had^  acted  an  unfriendly  part  to- 
wards Portugal,  in  not  allowing  her. 
In,  17 97 1  to  make  as  good  a  peace  as 
she  could  for  herself. 

Lord  Pelham  objected  to  the  pro- 
duction of  papers  to  which  we 
were  no  parties,  and  many  of  them 
confidential  and  not  proper  to  be 
laid  before  the  house. 

Lord  Grenville  insisted,  that  this 
country  l)ad  not  forced  >  Portugal 
into  the  war  ;  on  die  contrary,  had 
done  all  she  could  to  prevent  it, 
and  keep  her  neutral.  The  British 
gm-crument  had  not  insisted  on 'her 
fulfilling  any  engagement  to  this 
country  which  stood  in  tlie  way  of 
her  neutrality. 

The  marquis  of  Sligo  said,  that 
it  most  cetainly  was  not  as  an  ally 
of  England,  but  as  an  ally  of 
Spain,  tliat  Portugal  had  engaged 
in  the  war  :  the  district  she  had 
lost  in  Europe  was  of  very  lit- 
tle consequence.  The  motion  was 
lost. 

The  same  night,  lord  Minto 
called  the  attention  of  the  house  to 
the  affairs  of  the  Italian  republic, 
and  of  the  island  of  Elba.  He  took 
this  opportunity,  which  was  the  first 
iie  had  had  (having  been*absent  at 
Vienua)  to  express  the  astonish- 
nic^nt  and  sorrow  with  which  he 
had  heard  of  the  preliminaries,  from 
which  the  definitive  treaty  but  little 
diribrcd.  ^  He  then  adverted  to  the 
iirst  consul  assuming  tlie  sovereign- 
ty of  Italy,  at  a  time  when  we  were 
negotiatkig  the  peace.  He  consi- 
dered even,  that  the  circnmstance  of 


changing   the  name  of   the  State' 
from  Cisalpine  to   the  Italian  re«' 
public,  seemed  to  show  that  he  in- 
tended it,  in  time,  to  swallow  up,- 
the    whole    of   Italy.     He    consw 
dered  this  circumstance  a  sufficient 
ground  for  breaking  off  the  treaty*   < 
After  also  stating  the  importance  of" 
the  island  6f£lba,  he  moved  ail'.'; 
humble  address  to  his  majesty  for    -. 
all  the  pa|)ers  relating  to  the  pro*  ,"  ) 
ceedi'ngs  of  Lyons,    and  also  tte 
occupation  of  the  Isle  of  Elba. 

Lord  Pelham  |aid,  there   ooidd     ^■ 
be  no  use  in  such  a  motion,  'as  go* 
vemment  w^ere  not  in   possessido  T 
of  the  papers  moved  for.     He  ad-    ,i 
mitted  that  the  aggrandizement  dt'^^ji 
France,  during  the  negotiation,  waa   '  i 
a    circumstance    which,    in    other 
times  and  other  circumstances,  mights . 
he  a  ground  of  war.     Whether  h 
was  necessarily  so  in  the  present  -j  ] 
circumstances  was  one  of  the  pointt     7 
which  would  be  discussed  on  the- 
day  that  the  definitive  treaty  should   = ; 
come  before  their  consideration.        ■''. 

Lord  Fitzwilliam  asked,  what  re* 
presentation    ministers    had    rnadl^ 
against  this  transaction  when  they  * 
heard  of  it  ?  •      . 

Ix)rd  Hobart  objected  against  thit 
irregular  mode  of  putting  quetr 
tions. 

Lord  Carysfort  begged  that  thd. 
opinion  delivered  by  the  noble  se* 
cretary  of  state  might  be  remem« 
bered  in  that  house,  namely,  that    ' 
in  other,  times,  and  under  other  cir» 
cumstaiices,   such  conduct  on  the 
part  of  France  would  be  a  ground  * 
of  war. 

Lord  Grenville  reprobated  the  re* 
fusal  to  give  an  answer  te  acjues*" 
tion  tliat  appeared  to  him  so  fair^ 
be  could  perceive  no  objection  to 
the  question,  whether  any  reprer, 
sentatiou  had  been  made  or  not } 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


1S9 


y 


JiOrd  Auckland  defended  minis- 
ters for  refusing.  They  were  not 
bound  to  answer  any  question  but 
such  as  came  before  the  house  re- 
gularly in  the  shape  of  motion. 

The  question  was  tlieu  put  and 
carried. 

The  last  question  connected  with 
the  definitive  treat)%  Ajrhich  called 
forth  a  debate,  prior  to  the  discus- 
sion of  th^  treaty  itself,  was  a  mo- 
tion for  papers  respecting  East  India 
affairs.  This  debate  took  place  in 
flie  comnions  on  the  12th. 

Dr.  Lawrence  "made  his  promised 
motion.  He  began  by  a  historical  ac- 
count of  the  progress  of  our  influence 
and  establishments  in  the  East  In- 
dies, where  we  first  appeared  merely 
in   the     character    of    merchants. 
Even  in  the  memory  of  some  per- 
sons  present,  our   East  India  pos- 
sessions had  been  looked  upon  as 
very  subordinate  in  their  value,  and 
greater  importance  was  attached  to 
a  barren  rock,  near  Newfoundland, 
than  1o   the  cession  of  Madras,  at 
the  tieaty  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     It  is 
true,     iJiat   our  aggrandizement  in 
that  country  was  sanctioned  by  the 
example  of  France.     Hie  governor 
of  Pondicherry  first  began  the  sys- 
tem  of  territorial    acquisition,  and 
we  did  tlie  same   thing  merely  in 
self  defence.     They  obtained  some 
grants  in  India-     We  also  obtained 
grants  from  the  highest  authority  in 
India  j  the  Great  Mogul,  supreme 
sovereign  of  tlie  country.     The  va- 
lidity of  these  grants  had  been'  ac- 
knowledged by  former  'France,  in 
former  treaties,  which  are  not  now 
renewed.     By  those  treaties,  France 
was  prohibited   from  erecting  any 
forts  in  Bengal,  and  had  acknow-* 
ledged  the  nabob  of  Arcot  our  ally, 
from  whom  we  derived  our  grants 
ia  (he   Carnatic;,    while   they   re- 


nounced that  family  fronr  which 
they  derived  their  grants.  All  those 
advantages,  he  conceived,  we  had 
thrown  away  by  omitting  in  the 
definitive  treaty  to  renew  the  former 
treaties.  By  the  same  omission  v« 
were  exposed  to  the  Dutch  claim  of 
limiting  our  commerce  in  the  eastr 
em  seas.  He  concluded  by  mov- 
ing, tliat  there  should  be  laid  before 
tlie  house,  an  account  of  the  acqui- 
sitions made,  or  pretended  to  be 
made,  by  his  Christian  majesty  on 
tlie  coasts  of  Coromondel  and  Orissa, 
from  between  tlie  yeais  1748  and 
1763. 

Mr.  Dundas  laid  it  down  as  M 
general  maxim,    that  whether  our 
claims  weie  to  be  decided  by  nego- 
tiation or.  the  sword,  still  when  our 
rigiits  are   clear  and    indisputable, 
nothinoj  should  be  done  or  said  bv 
us  to  bring  them  into  doubt,  ani 
yet  he  was  afraid  diat  such  motions 
as  the  present  could  have  no  oUier 
tendency.     No    doubts    had    cvtt' 
before  been  enlertaincd  on  this  sub- 
ject,  and   he  did  not  like  to  see 
that  which   was  clear  in  principle 
made  doubtful   in  debate.      After 
taking  a  very  accurate  view  of  the 
rise  and  progress  of  our  East  Indiaa 
po\^er,  ho  interred  that  we  held  ouf 
jx)ssessi()ns  in  that  country  by  right 
of  conquest,    which  right   we    re- 
conciled to  the  iuliabitants  by  th« 
wise  respect   paid   to    tlieir   preju- 
dices.     Whatever   allowances    wc 
were  inclined  to  make  to  the   pre- 
judices   of   the   natives,    whatever 
regulations  we  might  think  advis- 
able, still,   with    respect    to  every 
European    powcr^   we    might    say 
distinctly,    *'  we   have   gained    the 
country  by  our  arms,  and  by  our 
arms  we  will  keep  it."     Ever  since 
tlie  treaty  of  1/03,  which  acknow- 
ledged our  sovereignty  in   Bengal, 

Bahar, 


140         ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


Baliar,  and  Oiissn,  France  had  not 
the  Itast  right  to  interfere  in  that 
country.  \Ve  were  cLi  facto  sove- 
reigns of  a  considerable  portion  of 
India,  whereas  France  does  not  now 
possess  an  inch  of  ground  there, 
except  in  virtue  of  the  delinilive 
treaty.  He  considered  that  it  w^as 
the  l)est  policy  not  to  renew  tho.se 
treaties,  as  we 'held  by  a  clearer 
title,  that  of  conquest  and  power. 
Jf  Fra^ice  was  disposed  to  revive  old 
claims  upon  India,  it  was  not  to  be 
supposed  a  few  scraps  of  paper  laid 
on  the  table  of  that  house  would 
prevent;  herj  but  it  never  could 
be  reasonably  supposed  that  the 
country  would  relincjuish  its  just 
rights  in  India,  let  whd  would  set 
up  ckruns  against  lliem.  We  never 
"wanted  either  arguments  or  strength 
to  resist  French  encroachments  on 
our  sovereignty  in  India.  He  could 
not,  however,  see  tlie  policy  in 
startinsfditHrulties  which  France  had 

CD 

never  started,  and  arguing  upon 
points  which  had  not  yft  been 
dispmed.  He  admitted  that  he  did 
not  liimself  approve  of  all  the  arti- 
cles of  the  peace,  but  yet  lie  would 
be  sorry  to  labour  to  convince  the 
nation  that  it  was  a  bad  peace. 
As  ministers  would  be  absolutely 
w ithout  apology,  if  they  siurender- 
ed  the  sovereignty  we  possess  in 
India,  he  recommended  to  the 
learned  gentleman  to  put  his  mo- 
tions in  his  pocket. 

Mr.  T.  Grenvillc  replied  at  some 
length  to  Mr.  Dunda«.  Reargued 
on  the  importance  of  having  our 
rights  ascertained  and  acknowledged 
by  treats.  As  to  our  rights  in 
India,  so  far  from  their  being  per- 
li:ctly  clear^  France  has  constantly 


disputed  them.  He  therefore  con- 
ceived it  highly  imprudent  to  cede 
the  Cape  and  Cochin  to  Holland, 
the  dependent  ally  of  France,  un- 
till  at  least  France  shoiUd,  by  the. 
renewal  of  former  treaties,  acquiesce 
in  those  rights,  which  although  no 
member  of  that  house  could  doubt  - 
that  we  were  entitled  to,  yet  it  wag 
important  that  France  should  ac- 
knowledge. 

Lord   Hawkesbury   opposed  -the 
production  of  the    papers   moved, 
as  not  considering  that  any  ground^  - 
had   been  laid  for  an  inquiiy.     It  ' 
was  true  France,  or  any  other  pow- 
er, might  advance  what  claims  they 
pleased  J  but  there  never  was  a  time 
when  it  w^is  less  likely  that  France 
should   advance    such   claims   tlian 
at  pi'esent.     As  to  our  sovereignty    »■ 
in    India,    it    had  been  often   for- 
mally acknowledged  by  France,  and 
was  ncnv  undisputed. 

Mr.    Jones    said    a  few    words 
against  the  motion  5  and, 

I^rd  Temple  supported  it ;  con* 
tending  that  this  country  woulcl  ' 
have  derived  material  advantages 
from  the  renewal  of  the  treaties. 
The  motion  was  then  negatived  with- 
out a  division,  as  were  several 
otlier  motions  brought  forward  by 
Dr.  Lawrence,  for  othpr  papers  re- 
specting the  claims  of  the  French 
in  India,  and  the  treaties  which  hacj 
now  been  suffered  to  expire.  This 
'was  the  last  debate  in  parliament 
on  the  points  preliminary  to  tlie 
discussion  of  thtv  merits  of  the  de- 
finitive treaty,  which,  on  the  next 
day,  called  forth  the  most  important 
debate  in  both  houses,  wliich  lis4 
taken  place  during  that  session, -or 
perhaps  in  any  other. 


CHA?; 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE- 


141 


CHAP.    XII. 


Delate  on  the  Definit'irf  Treaty  in  the  House  of  Lords, —  Sf)eeihes  of  Lord 
Greni'Ule,  Duke  of  Norfolk ,  Lords  Peiham,  Mul^race,  Juikltind,  Cat-r^ 
narvon,  IFestmorclandy  K/lenlorou^/t,  Darulnj,  I{os>'/i/nj  Duke  of  liii  h- 
fnond.  Lord  EUlon  (ClunicellorJ ,  CavidiHy  Holart,  Sptncer, — Lord 
GrenvUle\s  AdtLrfiisIost.^s4ddress  intrvcd  in  the  Commons  same  Daii  i-y 
Air.  JVindkam, —  Speeches  of  Lords  Fo/k:flo/ie,  Hdirkeslury,  Mr,  T.  (htfi' 
viiln,  Duftdas — (.Uljournmefit  oj  a  Day — Debate nsumed) — Sir  If^'iUiahi 
Young,  Lord  Cnstlerea^h,  Lord  Temple  ^   (ietieral  Malt  land.  Dr.  Law^ 

rence.  Chancel/or  iif  the   Enhcqucr,  Mr.  SherUlun Divi<ioti"""AIr. 

If^mdhams  Address  negativLd. 


THE  important  and  long  ex- 
pecteci  debate  on  the  delinitive 
treaty  took  place,  on  the  13th  of 
May,  in  both  houses.  In  the 
bouse  of  lords,  after  some  previous 
observations  by  lord  Stanhope.,  who 
moved  that  stranoers  slunild  with- 
draw^  (while  he  endeavoured  to 
impress  upon  his  noble  audience, 
the  dangers  that  mij^ht  in  future 
arise  from  the  French  nation  having 
taken  under  their  patronage  the 
American,  Fulton,  the  inventor  of 
the  latteau  plongeur,  or  diving 
boat*,) 

lx>rd  Grenville  rose,  in  order  to 
make  a  motion  respecting  the  treaty 
which  was  now  for  the  consideration 
rf  the  house.  He  and  his  noble 
friends  had  already  fn'quently  ad- 
vanced arguments  against  the  treaty, 
while  those  whose  duty  it  was  to 
defend  it  had  remained  silent.  It 
had  been  his  opinion  that  repeated 
opportimities  should  have  been 
taken  for  discussintr  the  trcuif^',  bo 
fijic  its  merits  were  lo  have  been 


decided  on.  TTis  majesty's  ministers, 
however,  tfiought  othenviscandhad 
hitherto  remained  silent.  It  might  be 
asked,  wliat  was  the  use  of  discus- 
sion now  r  Was  it  wished  to  over- 
turn the  treaty  which  had  been 
concluded?  He  should  be  sorry  to 
brinor  forward  anv  motion  if  he 
could  not  answer  those  questions. 
Whatever  disadvantages  might  re- 
sult from  til  is  untbrtunatc  treat}', 
yet  it  had  hvvw  made  by  that  power, 
to  whom  the  constitution  had  given 
the  right  (.f  making  treaties  whicii 
should  bind  tlie  country;  it  had 
been  ratified  by  his  maje^^ty ;  tlie 
great  seal  of  the  kingdom  had  hern 
put  to  it  }  and  it  would  be  a(idiij«; 
di?h(niour  to  our  disasters  if  we 
should  now  pc«de  from  it,  or  not 
carrv  it  into  full  cllict.  Ihe  faiili 
of  the  country  nuist  at  all  evci.t* 
be  preserved.  Ihe  fn?t  piojwsiti(»n 
he  should  make  hi  llic  h<  u<e  v.;!*;, 
to  declare  to  his  nnj<  ^ty  their  opi- 
nion, that  the  public  faith  \\:\% 
pledged   to  the  obbcrvancc  of  tiie 


•  Vide  "  Uicfol  Projects/* 


^;ic:c  •, 


142        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


peace;  tliat  it  was  an  obligation  on 
the  country  to  preserve  it  inviolable. 
After  such  a  declaration,  what  ob- 
jection could  there  i^main  to  a  dis- 
cussion r    Why   should  he   not  be 
allowed  to  urge  the  house    to  set  a 
ftiark  on  tliose  impolitic  and  weak 
minister^  \\'ho  had  negotiated   such 
a  treaty,    and   whose  counsels   had 
concluded  it  ?  It  was  4iot  his  wish 
to  disturb    the  treaty   now   it  was 
made,  but  only  to  lay  before   the 
house  the  dangerous  tendency  of  its 
provisions,     that    fiiture    ministers 
might  be  warned  against  advising  a 
measure  so  disadvantageous  to   die 
country.     He  wished  also  to  point 
out  the  dangers  which   this  treaty 
brought  upon  the  countr)%  in  order 
that  we  might  adopt  a  tme  courage, 
by  preparing  to  meet   tlieni.     He 
therefore  intended  now  to  propose, 
that  an  address  should  be  laid  before 
his  majesty,  expressive  of  the  deter- 
mination of  tliat  house  to  preserve 
invioiate  the  treaty,  and  then  to  re- 
present to  his  majesty  the  state  of 
the  country,    tlie    dangers  which 
threatened,  it,    and  the  means    of 
avoiding   tlieni)    for   this  purpose, 
Le  must   advert  to   the  arguments 
which   had  been   used  against  the 
preliminary  treaties,  and  the  events 
which  had  taken  place  since.      He 
had  already  stated  to  the  house  his 
objections  to  the  preliminaries ;  but 
if  the  %  detinitive   treaty  had   been 
conformable  to  the  preliminaries  and 
the  relative   situation  of  France  and 
Spiiin,  and  the  rest  of  Europe  had 
remained   .the    same,     he    shYjuld 
not  now    have  proposed  any  new 
measure  J  but    he   now  found  that 
the  terms   of  the  definitive  treaty 
were  infinitely  more  prejudicial  tlian 
those  of  die  preliminaries.       It  ha4 
been    already   stated,    that   in    all 
negotiations    for  peace,    die  basis 


was   either  the  status  quo  ante  let' 
lurfi,  or  the  state  before  die  war  -, 
or  else  the   uti  possidetis,     or  the 
condition   of  die  countr)'-  after  the 
war.      Instead  of    our  negotiators 
proceeding    distincdy  on   either  df 
those    grounds,    they    had   applied 
them  bodi  in  the  manner  the  most 
prejudicial  that  was  possible  to  this 
country  :  diey  had  applied  the  first 
,  principle  to  England,  who  was  to 
give  up  all  she  had  taken  during 
the  war  to  France  ;  and  they  applied 
tlie  last  principle  to  France,  by  al-* 
lowing  her  to  remain  in  possession 
of  all  she  had  since  acquired.     The 
arrangement  which  was  to  have  been 
desired  was,  that   we  should  have 
diminished  the  power  of  France  oti 
the  continent,  in  proportion  to  the 
sacrifices  we  made  with  respect  to 
die  colonies  we  had  ceded.    Minis* 
ters,    however,    appeared   to    have 
made  no  attempt  at  weakening  the 
power  of  France  on  the  continent; 
but  by    the  concessions  they  had 
made,  had  given  France  the  power 
of  weakening  us    in  our  colonial 
possessions.     The  great  lord  Chat- 
ham had  adopted  a   different  prin- 
ciple, when  he  said,  th^t  every  pre- 
liminary treaty  should  be  as  defi- 
nitive as  possible.      In  the  interval 
between  the  j)reliminaries  and  thp 
detinitive  treaty,    we  had  allowed 
a  naval  armistice,  during  which  die 
Frencli  govetnment,  in  spite  of  our 
entreaties  and  our  threats,  sent  to 
the    West  Indies    a    considerable 
armament,  which  obliged  us  also  te 
send  a  much  greater  force  diere  than 
ever  we  had  done  during  the  war,- 
The  fkst^  fruits  of  the  peace  were, 
that  we  were  under  the  necessity  of 
keeping  up  a  fleet  of  dfirty-five  sail 
of  the  line  in  the  West  Indies.  Whe- 
ther the   expedition  to  St.  Domingo 
yras,  likely  to  be  ultimately  advanta- 

tageoud 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


143 


geons  or  disadvantageouH  to  France, 
ministers  should  not  have  permitred 
it  to  sail  till   tiie  preliminary  articles 
bad  been  converted  into  a  definitive 
treaty,     nor  should    it   have    been 
allowed  to  sail  until  the  first  consul 
•had  renounced  that  important  ces- 
sion which  had  been  made  to  him 
m   Italy     (the    presidency   of    tlie 
Cisalpine  republic).  As  to  die  pacific 
disposition  of  the  French  govern- 
ment, he  could  see  nothing  of  it, 
tkeif  evident  I  If  evinced  a   design  to 
txclude  the  commerce  of  this  country 
from  the  continent  of  Europe,     As 
to  the  fate  of  the  prince  of  Orange, 
and  the  situation  of  Portugal,  those 
subjects     were    indeed    mentioned 
wldi  some  regret,  but  the  indem- 
nity which  was  mentioned   in   the 
treaty  for  tlie  prince  of  Orange  was 
t  sort  of  an  indemnity  which  France 
tnight     give    or   withhold    as    she 
pleased.     As  to  the  island  of  Malta, 
nothing  could  be  more  absurd  tlian 
die  placing  it  under  the  guarantee 
of  six   powers,  who  could  not  be 
expected  to  be  brought  to  agree  on 
any  one  point  respecting  the  island. 
The  treaty  professed  to  restore  it  to 
the  order  of  Malta :  this  was  still 
more  absurd  5  for  hdw  could   it  be 
said  that  such    an    order   was   in 
ciistencc,  when  almost  all  the  funds 
fiecessary  for  the  support  of  it  |iad 
been    confiscated  ?      The  expenses 
of  the  order  of  Malta  (principally 
in  fortifications  and  garrisons),  on 
an  average  of  the  last  ten  years,  was 
130,000/.  annually.   Their  revenues 
from  the  island  of  Malta  were  only 
34,000/.    in  tlie   whole,   and  only 
8000/.  came  into  the  coffers  of  the 
knights.     Of  those  revenues  which 
supported  the  order,  France  has,  at 
the  time  of  the  suppression   of  the 
frencb  langue,  confiscated  58,000/. 
annuall/.       Spain  has  confiscated 


27,000/.  per  annum.  The  property 
of  the  order  also  in  Piedmjont  and 
Lombardy  had  been  confiscated,  so 
that  of  tlieir  former  income  a£ 
130,000f.  only  20,000/.  was  now 
left,  which  was  evidently  insufficient 
to  keep  up  the  fortincations,.  or 
prepare  for  the  defence  of  the  island. 
The  order  of  Malta  was  th«:efoi» 
extinct  as  a  power,  and  must  neces- 
sarily come  under  the  influence  and 
into  the  pay  of  France.  J^hc  grand 
master  would  be  elected  by  their 
nomination,  and  tlie  whole  order 
would  be  subordinate  to  tliem.  In 
tlie  West  India  islands,  the  pro- 
prietors of  property  in  the  settle^ 
raents  ceded  to  England  were  to 
have  tlie  right  of  removing  them- 
selves and  their  properties  at  their 
pleasure  ;  but  in  the  colonies  ceded 
by  us  to  France,  the  proprietors 
were  to  be  absolutely  subject  to  the 
regulations  of  the  French  govern- 
ment. With  respect  to  oar  claLms 
for  the  maintenance  of  French  pri- 
soners, a  niost  audacious  imposition 
had  been  practised  against  us :  we 
had  been  obliged  to  make  allowapcs 
for  Russian  prisoners,  who  had  been 
armed,  clothed,  and  destined,  by  a 
positive  stipulation,  to  act  against 
us.  By  the  u  on -renewal  of  treaties 
the  situation  of  tliis  country  was 
rendered  much  worse  than  it  had 
been.  By  the  non-renewal  of  thm 
treaty  of  Utrecht,  France,  might 
now  acquire  exclusive  commercial 
privileges  in  Spanish  South  America. 
By  the  non- renewal  of  tlie  treaty  of 
1783,  France  might  exclude  ub 
from  the  gum  trade  on  the  coast  of 
Africa.  If  tlie  definitive  treaty  had 
been  jierfectly  agreeable  to  tlie  pre- 
liminaries which  parliament  liad 
approved  of,  he  should  admit  that 
tlie  house  was  bound  to  sanction  it* 
Since  the  preliminaries^   however, 

Ffancc^ 


144        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


France,  by  taking  possession  of  Italy, 
h^d  gi\Ln  ground  for  the  renewal 
of  war.  His  lordship  then  pro- 
ceeded to  compare  a  picture  of  the 
situfition  of  the  country  before  the 
ne^otiatinn,  when  we  were  masters 
of  the  West  Indies,  and  derived 
great  resources  from  tlience,  with 
the  state  in  which  the  definitive 
treaty  has  left  it.  We  had  now  left 
Prance  all  her  preponderating 
stiengdi  upon  the  continent,  and 
confirmed  her  in  the  possession  of 
Italy,  ^^"e  had  also  given  her  very 
important  settlements  in  India,  with- 
out stipulating  that  tliey  should  not 
befonified.  Oar  ri'^ht  of  sovereiscn- 
ty  in  India  \\  as  not  recognized,  and 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  was  ceded. 
He  considered  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  as  an  object  of  the  first  im- 
portance to  our  Indian  em])ire, 
ix^th  from  the  facilities  it  afi:'orded 
to  sending  ovei*  troops,  and  as  a 
station  which,  in  the  hands  of  our 
enemies,  would  greatly  annoy  our 
Indian  trade,  and  make  it  necessaiy 
for  us  to  send  strong  convoys  with 
our  homeward  and  outward  bound 
ileets.  By  ceding  the  Cape  to  Ilol- 
iind,  we  had  in  fact  ceded  it  to 
France.  In  the  West  Indies  we 
had  ceded  IMartinique  and  Tobago, 
and  had  facilitated  the  means  of 
their  recovering:  St.  Domino;o.  In 
tlie  Mediterranean  too,  where  our 
na\al  superiority  w^as  most  impor- 
tant, we  had  dispossessed  ourselves 
of  Malta,  Minorca,  and  even  tlie 
island  ot'Elt^a,  which  France  wanted, 
merely  to  exclude  us  from  the  port 
of  Lesihorn.  We  were  now  ex- 
eluded  from  all  the  ports  of  Italy, 
and  yet  it  must  be  recollected  that 
it  was  from  the  accommodation 
which  lord  Nelson  received  in  tlie 
ports  of  the  king  of  Naples,  that  he 
wai  enabled  to  proceed  to  achieve  the 


glorious  victory  of  Aboukir.  Every 
object  of  importance  obtained  by 
the  valour  of  our  na\y  had  been 
ceded  to  France  5  and  ministers  at 
the  same  time  disclaimed  the  plea 
of  necessity  for  peace,  which  could 
alone  have  justified  such  enormous 
sacrifices.  They,  on  the  contrary, 
talked  highly  of  the  resources  of 
the  coimtr}'  to  continue  the  contest. 
The  advantages  of  the  peace  must 
be  greater  than  the  disadvantages  of 
the  war,  or  otherwise  it  must  be 
evident  that  the  peace  was  a  bad 
one.  What  those  advantages  were 
he  should  now  consider.  First,  it 
was  said  that  peace  would  increase 
our  commerce  :  on  the  contrary, 
he  thought  it  would  rather  tend  to 
diminish  our  conamerce,  by  letting  , 
in  the  other  maritime  states,  and 
France,  in  particular,  to  share  it 
with  us.  Upon  tlie  question  of 
economy  he  must  obser\'e,  that  in 
order  to  husband  our  revenue,  it 
was  necessary  to  be  able  to  protect 
it,  and  with  this  view  government 
would  still  be  obliged  to  keep  up 
a  large  naval  and  militaiy  establish- 
ment. If  any  security  had  been 
obtained  against  tlie  renewal  of  war, 
he  should  rejoice  at  it,  for  we  must 
renew  it  at  a  great  disadvantage.  If 
we  recovered  in  tliree  campaigns 
what  we  had  given  up  by  the  treaty, 
he  should  consider  it  a  glorious  war. 
In  this  state  of  the  country,  he 
deemed  it  necessary  to  cany  an 
address  to  the  throne,  containing  a 
resolution  to  follow  every  practicable 
economv,  that  would  still  leave  the 
country  in  a  state  of  defence  suffi- 
cient to  repel  any  future  danger. 
His  lordship  then  recapitulated  his 
arguments,  and  expressed  a  desire 
of  introducing  in  the  address  a 
hope,  that  no  time  would  be  lost 
iar  settling,  by  amicable  adjustment, 

those 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE, 


145 


those  points  which  had  not  been 
arranged  by  the  definitive  treaty. 
He  therefore  concluded  one  of  the 
most  lu.iiinous  and  masterly  and 
convincing  orations  ever  delivered 
in  a  public  assembly,  by  moving 
an  address  which  conveyed  that 
principle^  which  at  the  same  time 
that  it  acknowledged  that  the  na- 
tional faith  was '  pledged  to  tlie 
observance  of  the  treaty,  humbly 
pointed  out  the  great  danger  this 
country  was  exposed  to,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  sacrifices  she  had  made^ 
without  any  adequate  compensation 
on  the  part  of  France,  and  finally 
praying  him  to  settle,  by  amicable 
arrangement,  those  points  which  the 
definitive  treaty  had  left  unsettled. 

The  duke  of  Norfolk  opposed  the 
address  moved  by  lord  Grenville, 
j  and  disapproved  of  the  tendency  of 
the  noble  lord*s  arguments.  He 
was  thankful  to  those  who  re- 
stored to  the  country  the  blessings 
of  peace,  which  he  thought  was 
in  a  great  degree  to  be  attributed 
to  the  removal  of  his  majesty's 
late  ministers  from  his  councils. 
He  hoped  that  die  war  v^-^ould 
never  again  be  renewed  upon  tri- 
fling points  of  controversy.  He 
therefore  moved  as  an  amendment, 
that  all  the  words  in  the  addi*ess 
after  *^  humbly  advise"  should  be 
left  out. 

Lord  Pelham  expressed  some  sur- 
prise at  the  nature  of  lord  Gren- 
ville's  motion,  for  which  he  was 
not  prepared.  He  considered  that 
the  noble  lord  had  by  no  means 
confined  himself  to  what  he 
thought  was  the  true  question, 
namely,  how  far  the  definitive 
treaty  agreed  with  the  prelimina- 
ries, but  ratlier  appeared  to  express 
an  aversion  to  any  treaty  of  peace 
Mnder  tlie  circumstances  of  the 
Vol.  XUV. 


country,  and  to  consider  the  pre- 
sent as  only  a  nominal  peace. 

Lord  Grenville  denied  that  he 
had  uttered  an  expression  which 
could  justify  the  construction  the 
noble  lord  had  put  upon  his  speech. 

Lord  Pelham  proceeded,  and  con- 
tended, that  when  the  noble  lord 
talked  of  the  commercial  disadvan- 
tages  which  peace  would  bring,  it 
was  arguing  against  the  peace.  One 
principle  which  pervaded  the  noble 
lord's  speech  he  must  entirely  deny, 
namely, .  that  what  we  ceded  to 
other  powers  was,  in  fact,  ceded 
to  France.  His  lordship  then  ar- 
gued at  considerable  length  on  the 
manner  in  which  we  had  ceded, 
Malta  and  the  Cape,  and  could  by 
no  means  allow  that  those  places 
had  been  ceded  to  France.  After 
a  general  defence  of  the  ti*eaty,  he 
concluded  by  moving,  that  all  tiic 
words  in  the  address  moved  by  lord 
Grenville,  after  "  May  it  please 
your  majesty,"'  should  be  left  out. 
As  tliis  amendment  went  further 
than  that  of  the  noble  duke,  he 
hoped  his  grace  would  withdraw  his 
amendment. 

Lord  Mulgi'ave  expressed  his  in- 
tention to  support  the  motion  of  tlie 
noble  lord  who  spoke  last.  With 
respect  to  Malta,  he  considered  it 
in  no  danger  of  falling  into  tlic 
hands  of  the  French,  while  tlie  peo- 
ple of  the  island  were,  as  it  is  known 
they  are,  much  better  affected  to  the 
English,  and  heartily  tired  of  French 
fraternity.  Although  he  allowed 
that  tlie  assumption  of  the  presi- 
dency of  the  Cisalpine  government 
by  the  first  consul  of  France  w«s  an 
event  of  great  importance,  which 
had  happened  since  the  prelimi- 
naries, yet  he  did  not  think  it  suf- 
ficiently so  to  risk  the  breaking  of 
the  treaty  altogether,  ^nd  renew- 
L  ing 


146        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


ing  the  v-ar.  He  recommended 
that  we  should  embrace  every 
q^jx>rtuntty  of  cultivating  a  perma- 
nent pt\H^  with  France. 

I.i)rd  Auckland,   in  a  long  and 
very  abU-  speeth,  principally  con- 
fined hiniijelf  to  proving  that  the 
non -renewal     of    tbniier     treaties 
would  'n(>t  Iv   attended  with    the 
misehievinis    ix)nsequcncc8    apprc- 
hemk^d  by  lord  Grenville;  he  did 
not   anux'ive  that  a  war  80  com- 
pletely  destroyed  all   the  relations 
bi'iwcen  two  nations,  as  that  cvciy 
anelent  rij^ht  which  one  nation  had 
always  extTcised,  was  entirely  abro- 
gi\ted,  unless  expressly  acknowledg- 
ed bv  the  subsequent  treaty  of  peace. 
He  did  not  think  that  we  had  lost 
any  ri^ht  with  respect  to  cutting 
woikI  on  tlie  Spanish  main>  by  its 
not  l)eing  expressly  mentioned  in 
the  treaty,  npr  of  having  our  flag  as 
formerly  saluted  by  the  Dutch;  *but 
above  all,  he  thought  that  our  sove- 
reignty in   India    stood  on  much 
Btronger  grounds  than  the  conven- 
tion of  1787  with  France,  or  the  old 
ti'eaties  with  HoUand,  by  which  she 
engaged  not  to  molest  our  ships  on 
the  eastern  seas.     Our  empire  in 
India,  and  the  security  of.  Our  navi- 
gation, was  protected  by  the  strength 
and  resources  of  this  great  country, 
and  if  France,  or  any  other  nation, 
advanced  extravagant  and  ridiculous 
claims,  they  would  undoubtedly  be 
resisted.     The  extent   of  our  re- 
'  sources   were   at  present    known; 
the  sense  of  our  naval  and  military 
glory  would  be  long  on  our  minds. 
The  United  Kingdom  (in  which  word 
alone  we  were  indemnified  for  a 
great  part  of  the  expenses  of  the  war) 
will  remain  happy  and  unassailable 
as  long  as  she  shall  continue  true  to 
herself,  her  sovereign,  and  her  cx>D- 
Btitution, 


Lord  Caemar\'on  considered  the 
peace  so  pregnant  with  danger,  that 
he  thought  it  the  duty  of  parliament 
not  to  slirink  from  the  investigation 
of  that  alarming  situation  in  which 
the  definitive  treaty  (to  which  the 
public  faith  has  been  pledged  by  his 
majesty's  ministers)   has    left   thif 
country.    Nothing  in  the  events  of  ' 
the  Avar,  or  of  the  telative  situadon 
of  the  two  countries,  had  prepared 
the  nation  for  such  disgraceful  and 
humiliating  terms.     Nor  could  he 
look  with  any  confidence  to  the  ex« 
perience  or  abilities  of  such  mioia** 
ters,   to  ward  off  fiiture  danger* 
from  the  country;  they  no  sooner 
occufned  the  hdm,  tiian,  as  if  inex«  - 
perience  was  essential  to  the  ma^ 
nagement  of  public  interests,  they 
pvest  into  Uieir  service  a  noble  lotd^ 
beloved  indeed  by  all  men,  but  one 
whom  flattery  \irould  not  venture 
to  qualify  with  the  character  of '  an  ■'. 
able   and   experienced   u^otiator. 
Thus  seconded,  they  apposed  their 
private  virtues  and  unpractised  abi- 
lities to  die  diplomatic  abili^  and  . 
crafty  experience  of  those  men  who^ 
had,,  for  the  last  nine  yean,  raised 
their  county  to  its  present  emi- 
nence, by  their  cunmng,  and  skill 
no  less  than  by  their  arms.    The 
noble  secretary,  without  answering  * 
any  of  the  ol^ections  made  to  the 
treaty  by  the  noble  nx)ver  of  the 
address  (lord  Grenville),  seems  to 
consider   the  whole  drift  of  tiuit 
noble  lord's  speeclT  as    generally  . 
against  peace.    There  was   not  e 
single  expression  in  his  lordsbip*t 
speech  wnich   warranted  this    in^ 
terpretation.     He    considered   the 
peace  as   inadequate   to  our  juit 
expectations,   but  that,  such  as  k 
was,  the   country  >'as   pledged  ta 
observe  it    He  feared  that  this  d&- 
£nitive  treaty  desei:ved  >rather  to 

be 


HISTORY     OF    EUROPE. 


147 


*be  called  the  preliminaries  of  a 
Hew  war.  His  lordship  concluded, 
by  expressing  great  fears  that  the 
non-renewal  of  former  treaties  would 
give  France  a  pretence  to  advance 
claims  highly  injurious  tp  this  coun- 
try. 

Lord  Westmoreland  defended  the 
treaty.      He  did  not  conceive  that 
the  appointment  of  Bonaparte    to 
the  presidency  of  the   Italian  re- 
public  was  an  event  of  such  im- 
portance as  had   been  represented, 
as  France  had  not  gained  a  single 
inch  of  territory  by  this,  which  she 
was   not  before  possessed  of.     He 
thought  it  of  little  consequence  to 
this    country   whether   the    isle  of 
Elba  belonged  to  France,  or  to  the 
king  of  Etruria,  and  he  was  so  far 
from   thinking    the    possession    gf 
Louisiana   dangerous  to  the  Ame- 
rican states,  that  he  rather  thought 
it  would  excite  their  jealousy,  and 
more  incline  them  to  the  interests 
of  this  country.     IJe  therefore  by 
no  means  thought  that  those  events 
would  have  justified    ministers  in 
breaking  off  the  treaty  altogether. 
There  was   another  predominating 
reason  which  inclined  ministers  to 
^ce,  namely,  that  it  was  the  ger 
neral  wish  of  the  people.     His  lord- 
ship concluded,  by  irawing  a  cona- 
parison  of  the  state  of  Great  Bri- 
tain  and   of  France,   which  com- 
jparison  was  very  favourable  to  the 
former  power. 

Lord  EUenborough  replied  to  the 
observations  and  arguments  which 
liad  been  urged  against  this  treaty. 
He  emphatically  begged  leave,  in 
the  first  place,  as  an  individual,  to 
return  his  most  grateful  thanks  to 
those  ministers  who  had  restored 
to  this  country  the  blessings  of 
peace.  The  objections  that  he  heard 
to  this  treaty    did  not  weigh  as  9 


feather    in   his  mind    against   the 
advantages  of  the  cessation  of  hos- 
tilities.    He  was  astonished  to  hear 
men  of  talents  argue  that  the  pub- 
lic law  of  Europe  was  a  dead  letter, 
because  certain  ti*eaties    were  not 
renewed.     Tliose  treaties  were  re- 
plete with  articles  wholly  inappli- 
cable to  the  present  political  situa- 
tion  of  Europe  5    and  the    general- 
law  of  nations,  which  was  founded 
on  principles  of  immutable  justice, 
was  less  liable  .tp  misconstruction, 
and   more    to    be   relied    on  than 
any  single  treaty,   or   collection  of 
treaties.     His  majesty's  late  minis- 
ters, and   doubtless  the  noble  lord 
among    the    number,    when    they 
were  negotiating  at  Lisle,  sent  an 
express  injunction  against  the  re-^ 
newal  of  some  of  the  articles  of 
tlie  treaty  at  Utrecht.     As  to  our 
sovereignty  in  India,  he  tliought  it 
stood  on  much  finijer  foundations, 
than   on   the    acknowledgment   of 
France.  It  depended  upon  the  right 
of  conquest  in  a    legitimate   war, 
and  upon  the  established  right  of 
possession.     Our     government     is 
now  older  than  any  existing  govemr 
ment  in    India,    having   subsisted 
above  forty  years..    This  right  could 
not  be  strengthened  by  any  article 
of  a   treaty  j   and  the  power  that 
would   so  nauch  want  jusjtice  and 
moderation  as  to    attempt  to  dis- 
pute this  claim,  would  not  be  bound 
long    by    any    treaty,     fie  by  no 
means  could  allow  that  the  order 
of  Malta  was  reduced  to  that  ex- 
treme state   of  poverty  which  th«     ^ 
nobje  lord  supposed,  and  as  for  the 
Cape  of  fjood  Hope^  he  thought  it 
was  a  post  that  we  did  well  to  get 
rid  of,  as  it  could  i^pt  be  retaine4 
but  at  an  enormous  ejj^pense  :  every 
chaldron  of  coals  that  we  had  senj 
out  diere  cost  ikf  i^aJtio^  iQL  lOs^ 
h2  4* 


148         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


As  to  the  light  of  finely  iia\*igating 
I  ho  liuhan  ^as,  who  coiUd  prevent 
\is  trom  it  ?  He  ilid  uot  tliink  it  would 
be  manly  to  iitsist  upon  a  weak  nation 
like  the  Dutch  to  s;diUe  us  at  sea. 
It'  we  did  not  at  the  same  time  re- 
^juiiv  it  tVtun  the  stronger  powers. 
He  eoneiudcd  by  voting  for  the 
aniendment  moved  by  lord  Pel- 
haui. 

Loiil  Darnley  in  some  respects 
aj^ieed  with  lord  Grenville,  and 
in  others  with  ministers.  He  de- 
elined  Noiiiig  lor  eitlier  of  the  pro- 
positions. 

The  earl  of  Roslyn,  without  ap- 
peaviui;  perteetly  to  approve  of  the 
<letiniti\e  treaty  j  yet  as  it  was  ac- 
knowledged that,  such  as  it  was, 
the  a)uniry  was  bound  by  it,  he 
nhonld  uoi  oppose  it.  He  there- 
fore \  oted  for  lord  Pelham's  amend- 
ment. 

The  duke  of  Richmond  spoke 
ably  against  the  treaty  -,  but  as  al- 
most every  ground  of  objection  had 
already  been  taken,  his  argument 
of  course  had  been,  in  a  great  mea- 
sure, anticipated  in  an  earlier  stage 
«f  the  debate. 

I'he  principal  supporters  of  the 
trc!aty  were  tlie  lord  Chancellor  and 
lord  Hobart. 

'I'he  lord  Chancellor  entered  veiy 
much  at  large  into  the  merits  of 
tlie  treaty.  As  this  treaty  was 
founded  on  the  preliminaries,  he 
thought  it  was  not  fair  to  discuss  it 
article  by  article.  He  thought  tlie 
treaty  should  be  considered  iUl  toge- 
ther as  a  whole,  and  viewed  upon 
a  fair  comparison  of  the  relative 
situations  of  (rreat  Britain,  France, 
and  the  rest  of  Europe.  He  was 
not  one  of  those  who  contended 
that  the  prcser.t  was  a  great  and 
glorious  peace,  but  he  trusted,  when 
fiiirly  examined^  it  would  be  con- 


') 


sidered  as  good  a  peace  as  could  bf 
obtained,  under  all  the  circiimstail- 
ces  of  the  relative  situation  of  tlic 
two  countries.  His  noble  friend 
(lord  Grenville)  had  first  considered 
the  difterence  between  the  articles 
of  this  definitive  treaty  and  the  pre- 
liminaries. He  had,  in  the  next 
place,  spoken  at  considerable  length 
on  what  he  had  conceived  to  be 
material,  omissions  in  the  present 
treaty,  of  which  the  most  impor- 
tant which  he  had  stated  was  the 
non -renewal  of  old  treaties,  the 
omission  to  secure  an  indemnity  to 
the  prince  of  Orange,  or  to  have 
our  right  to  carry  on  the  gum  trade 
on  tlie  coast  of  Senegal,  or  of  cut- 
ting logwood  at  Hondurajs,  expressly 
recognized  by  the  present  treaty^ 
On  those  points  tlie  noble  and 
learned  lord  replied  at  great  length 
to  the  arguments  of  lord  Grenville. 
As  to  the  omission  of  requiring  th« 
Dutch  to  salute  our  flag,  he  said, 
the  real  reason  of  that  was,  that  as 
France  and  Spain  had  never  by  any 
treaty  recognized  such  a  right  in 
us,  it  could  not  be  expected  tliat 
they  would  do  so  now  in  the  case 
of'Holland.  His  lordship  then  pro- 
ceeded to  speak  of  the  variations 
which  were  stated  between  the 
preliminaries  and  the  definitive 
.  treaty.  Those  were  principally  with 
respect  to  Guiana  and  to  Malta. 
The  cessions  iuade  by  Portugal  ap- 
peared to  him  of  no  very  material 
conse(pience ;  and  as  to  Malta,  he 
thouglit  the  arrangement  which  was 
made  was  amply  suflficient  to  pror 
tcct  that  island  from  falling  into 
the  hands  of  tlie  French.  As  t9 
•that  part  of  the  address  moved 
by  his  noble  friend  (lord  Grenville), 
whicii  recommended  immediate  ne- 
gotiation  on  certain  points,,  he 
agreed  entirely  with  what  had  fallen 

fKom  ' 


HISTORY    OFEUROPE. 


I4d 


from  a  noble  duke  (the  duke  c)f 
Norfolk),  that,  thai  would  be  ne- 
gotiating "  with  a  drawn  sword  in 
our  hands,**  and  must  lead  to  a 
renewal  of  the  war.  His  lordship, 
after  discussing  the  treaty  at  great 
length,  and  with  great  ability  and 
minuteness,  said,  that  he  would 
vtih  perfect  confidence  leave  it  to 
the  house  to  decide  whether  mi- 
nisters were  or  were  not  deserving 
of  that  censure  which  was  implied 
in  the  address  moved  by  the  noble 
iord. 

Lord  Camden  confessed  that  he 
was  not  satisfied  either  with  the 
preliminaries  or  tlie  definitive  ti*eaty. 
He  thought  there  was  by  no  means 
a  sufificient  reciprocity  to  be  found 
in  them ;  but,  at  the  same  time 
as  the  peace  had  been  made,  he 
should  not  object  to  such  an  ad- 
dress as  that  c3f  the  noble  secretary 
of  state  (lord  Pelham)}  he  should 
therefore  vote  for  the  amendment. 

Lord  Hobart  was  at  a  loss  to 
conceive  upon  what  principles  any 
noble  lord  who  supported  the  preli- 
minaries could  now  object  to  the 
definitive  treaty.  As  to  an  objec- 
tion which  had  been  made  as  to 
the  time  of  concluding  the  ^  peace, 
he  could  recall-  to  the  recollection 
of  the  house,  that  a  noble  lord 
opposite  (lord  Grenville)  had  fre- 
quently mentioned  in  that  housd, 
before  he  quitted  his  officiid  situa^ 
tion,  that  the  question  of  peace 
had  now  grown  a  mere  question 
about  terms.  It  was  evident  that 
bi,s  ipajest)''s  present  ministers  had 
lost  no  time,  after  their  accession 
to  office,  in  opening  thp  nepjotia- 
tion.  7'he  only  obstacle  which  had 
protracted  that  measure  was,  the 
doubtful  event  of  tlie  campaign  in 
£g)'pt,  and  his  majesty'^*  ministers, 
»  well  as  the  French  government, 
Wvc  unwUl»r»g   to   tieat    on    any 


basis    which    supposed    Eg}'pt    in 
the   possession    of  the   other.     At 
length,    however,    the   persevering 
valour  of  the  British  army  removed 
this    obstacle,   and  the   peace  was 
concluded.     There  was  another  ar- 
gument which  might  well  be  urged 
in  favour  of  the  time  in  which  the 
peace  was  made.     It  was  at  a  time 
when  the  whole  nation  wished  for 
peace,  and  that  wish  was  so  strong 
that  any  resistance  to  it  in  the  go- 
vernment would   have  operated  to 
the  disadvantage  of  the  country  in 
the  continuance   of  the  war.     As 
to  tlie  value  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,    it   had  certainly  been  very 
much   overrated   by  some  persons. 
It  was,  in  fact,  a  most  expensive, 
unproductive  setdement,  which  we 
could  very  well  do  without.     His 
lordship  then    entered    into  a  very 
minute  geographical  account  of  tlie 
province  of  Guiana,    and    of   tlie 
river    of   Amazons    and   Aiowari, 
and  proved   from   the  authority  of 
CoTidamine,   and  otlier  enlightened 
travellers    whom    he   quoted,    tliat 
the   mouth   of  die   river  Arowari 
was  no  port  for  ships  of  war,  and 
that  the  possession  of  Guiana  to  that 
boundary,   by    no    means   enabled 
France    to    possess    herself  of  the 
trade  of  the  Brazils,   or  to  molest 
the  Portugueze  in  the  navigation  of 
the  river  of  Amazons.     In  fact,  die 
emporium  of  the  Portugueze  trade 
in  the  province  of  Marignon,  was 
the  city  of  Para,  which  was  At  least 
150  miles  south-east  of  the  Arowari. 
He  could  by  no  means  agree  with 
the   noble   lord  in  the  addition  of 
much  importance  to  the  cession  of 
Cochin,  now    that    the    power  of 
Tippoo  Saib  is   destroyed,  and  'the 
Mysore  countr)'  in  our  possession. 
He  allowed  that  the  Jate  ministers 
deserved   full   credit  for  the  expe- 
dition   to  Egypt;  it  had   been   so 
L3  .         fajj 


150        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  laoft, 

far  completed  in   their  timev.  that  most   fulljr  lntp..:!th6^;j{rf^,^'andt 

the  responsiliMlity  would  have  beeii  brought  fonifax^  a  number  of^  ob*i 

with  them  if  it  had  failed;,  but  as  jectioh^/.  which  he  impportedwiUt 

to  the  expe^tlon  to  the  Baltic^  he  great  ability,    ^e  said;  that  among 

must  assert,  that  whep,  the  mea^-  uie  pii|pj:^parts  af-ti^  treaty  tof 

sure  was  taken  for  maintainiag  our  which  he  must  object^  it  .was  ii^ 

rights  by  force  of  anns>  they  were  difierent-^th  which  he  began  5  he 

no  longer  in  official  situation.    He  therefore  should  firstconsid^Malta* 

concluded  by  supporting  lord  Eel-  He  thoughtit  was  bey^id-aU  que^ 

bam*s  amendment.              •       :  ^cw  th^^this  !arraDtgemait;4id,  jOi 

Lord  Spencer  asserted,  ^at  the  factji    surrender  Malta  la.  Fxanqe^ 

expedition  to  the  Baltic  had  been  We  Jbad  concurred  in,  destroyii^g 

planned  and  resolved  upon  during  the    indepaidence.' of ,  jt;,and  dpf 

the  late  administration.                   .  graded  the  order  itself,  by  the  iiif 

Lord  Grenville  said,  that  he  had  trbdudion    of  a  MalteiSQ  iangttet 

only  mentioned  thQ  danger  of  the  with  .whom  the  Gqnrman  ilmighta 

cessions  in  <jruiana  in  ithis  point  df  relEused^ .to  >»rve.  ah.  w^.  a  mem 

view,  that  it  would  enal^  J<'raxice>  £urce  to  talk  of  a  Neapc^itan  ganj^ 

in  a  future  war,  to  exclude  u^tJ&om  son^  and.  the  protect!^  ^^Naplesi 

the   Brazils,   which  would,    vRfiit  when  the  kingdom  pf  N^4es  its^ 

the  cession  of  the  Cape  of  Good  was  under  the  dmtrol  .of  •  franoe^ 

Hope,  be  a  serious  injury  to  our  For  his  part,  he  shoiild  mu^^  tjathieif 

trade  and  navigation  to  India.  that  it  was  ceded  to  France  direetlf^ 

After  some  few  observations  firom  ^d  that  we  had  demanded  sonM 

other  noble  lords,  the  questbn  was  other  place  as  an  equivalent  for  iti 

put  at  about  eight  o'dock  in  the  The  Gape  of  Good  Hope '  too,  be^ 

morning  on  lord  GrenviUe's  itddress  ing  ceded  in  ab$otlt|te  .soVereigntf 

as  it  originally  stood.  to  the  JDutch,  thc^  nmy  give  it  tip 

Contents  16^.  Not  coQtebts  122>  to    France  as  soon  ^  as  ever  th^ 

^duding  proxies.  please.  -  He  considered  .this^;  pJaco 

The  question  on  k)rd  Pdbain^a  aao^.  the  fitnEtostoeosjeqa^Ke,  not 

amendment  was  then  carried  with-*  only  to  otir  lodiaitKOoiiimerce,  but 

out  a  division.  to- the '«e<niurit|r  •£  Mr  Indian  em*^ 

On  tlie  same  day  th6  Question  fm,  in  a&rding: .the -  facilities  ef 

was  also  debated  in  the  house  of  convi^ing  troops  £q»  its  protejctipoi^ 

coiiimons.  if  in  t>ur  hands,.*  or  fof  its  annoys 

Mr.  Windham,  in  a  most  do-  ante,  if  in  the  -htitads  of  the  encet 

quent  speech,  which  occupied  nearly  xnf.  .  He  most  alsotnaist,  that  by 

tliree  hours  in  the  ddivery,  entered  the  cession  ^of  Fortogueze  GuiansJ 

•  • 

*  The  following  lords  were  in  the  R^nority  on  the  i)tiestion  of  the'dcflnitivfc  tltitfy  j' 

The  dukeofRichmondy  Loiti  RKdndf, '     :          •                   [ 

Marquis  of  Buckinghu%  Datlington, 

Lord  Caernarvoni  Carysfort, 

Kenyon,  Fitzwilliam, 

Carlisle,  Fortescue, 

Spencer,  Mansfield, 

Grenville,  Warwick,  and 

Mimo»  Cawdor.                                   --^ 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.        151 


the  French  would  command  the  na- 
vigation of  the  river  of  Amazons. 
Louisiana  was  also  to  France  an 
acquisition  of  incalculable  -value. 
France  will  for  the  future  command 
the  navigation  of  the  two  great- 
est rivers  in  the  world,  tlie  Missis-* 
sippi  and  *  the  Amazons.  Great 
rivers  are  the  vital  parts  of  coun- 
tries 5  we  might  therefore,  with- 
out hyperbole,  be  said  to  have  ceded 
to  France  a  brace  of  continents. 
Never  was  there  such  a  lavish, 
prodigal,  thoughtless  spirit  of  ces- 
sion !  In  addition  to  those  foreign 
objects,  tlie  whole  continent  of  Eu- 
rope is  left  at  the  mercy  of  France. 
Mr.  Windham  tlien  expatiated  at 
great  length  on  the  claims  which 
would  probably  be  set  up  by  France 
in  consequence  of  tlie  non-renewal 
of  former  treaties  5  he  particularly 
thought  that  this  omission  in  the 
treaty  would  very  much  endanger 
our  Indian  empire.  We  might 
pretty  well  learn  to  appreciate  the 
fraudulent  views  of  France  by  her 
recent  conduct  witli  respect  to  the 
island  of  Elba,  which  she  firsir  sti- 
pulated should  be  surrendered  to 
the  king  of  Etraria,  and  immedi- 
ately after  took  possession  of  her- 
self. French  power  pursued  us  in 
Asia,  in  America,  and  in  every 
part  of  the  world.  He  considered 
that  the  establishment  of  French 
power  in  St.  Domingo  was  more 
formidable  to  our  West  India  settle- 
ments than  even  the  independence 
•  of  the  blacks  in  that  island,  who 
would  have  no  means  of  extending 
their  empire  further.  Mr.  Wind- 
ham then  took  a  general  review  of 
tliewar.  He  tlx)ught  the  country 
was  never  sufficiently  apprised  of 
its  danger.  In  his  opinion,  the 
real  principle  of  war  had  been 
mistaken    in   pursuing  colonial  ac- 


quisitions. He  then  proceeded  to 
speak  of  the  expeditions  of  Toulon 
and  Quiberon,  of , which  he  highly 
approved,  and  of  which  a  right 
honourable  friend  of  his  (Mr.  Pitt) 
had  the  manliness  to  claim  his  share 
of  the  responsibility. 

Mr.  Pitt  spoke  to  order.  He 
thought  his  right  honourable  friend 
out  of  order,  in  mentioninsr  the 
variety  of  opinions 'which  prevailed 
on  different  points  in  the  conduct 
of  the  war.  He  also  submhied  it 
to  his  judgment,'  whether  he  was 
entirely  free  from  those  obligationt 
which  were  in  force  when  they 
were  togetlier  the  couiidential  ser*- 
vants  of  his  majesty. 

[Mr.  Windharn  was  then  pro- 
ceeding to  take  upon  himself  the 
whole  responsibility  •  of  the'  Qui- 
beron business,  when  Mr.  Pitt 
again  objected,  and  considered  that 
he  had  not  a  right  to  speak  of  opi- 
nions delivered'  in  official  "confi*" 
dence.]  '  •  ' 

Mr.  Windham,  then,  at  great 
length,  repeated  the  opinions  he 
had  so  often  delivei'ed  on  the  prin- 
ciples of**  the  war  and  its  proper 
object.  He  lanifented  die  ti'iumph 
of  jacobinism,  and  feared'  every 
thing  from  the  restless  arhbition  ' 
and  perfidy  of  France, ;  armed  as 
she  now  was  with  ifnmense  power. 
The  danger  he  thought  was  infi- 
nitely greater,  because  t4ie  people 
appeared  insensible  of  it.  Our 
great  naval  vrctories'  seemed '  hardijr 
to  produce  the  pr6i)er  feeling  oA 
the  minds  of  our"',  countrymen  5 
their  universal  cry '  was  "for  peace  : 
with  such  a  power  as  France  now 
is,  aud  as  she  is  possessed  of  this 
immense  power,  he  thought  i^;  ab- 
solutely necessary  to  take  ^iich  mea'- 
sures  of  defence  as  now  are 'left  uS 
against  any  future  attiick.  He  con- 
L  4  eluded 


152 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


eluded  a  very  long  and  eloquent 
speech  with  moving  an  address  si- 
milar to  that  mpved  by  lord  Gren- 
ville  in  the  house  of  lords. 

Lord  Folkstone  seconded  the  mo- 
tion. He  said,  that  the  British  fiag 
was  degraded  and  disgraced  by  this 
treaty  as  far  as  any  treaty  could  do 
it.  It  was  a  treaty  built  on  jacobin 
principles  and  confirming  jacobin 
power.  We  had  abandoned  Por- 
tugal to  spoliation,  and  in  our  treat- 
ment of  the  prince  of  Orange,  we 
had  added  insult  to  injury.  He 
saw  nothing  left  for  the  country 
but  dishonour,  degradation,  and 
ruin. 

Lord  Hawkesbury  then  rose.  [His 
lordship's  speech  was  by  much  the 
ablest  defence  of  the  treaty  which 
was  made  in  either  house  of  parlia- 
ment.]   He  said  he  was  happy  that 
the  whole  subject  now  came  before 
the  house  at  once,  and  he  trusted 
that  he  should  be  able  to  prove  this 
treaty  to  be  not  only  expedient,  but 
advantageous  and  honourable  to  the 
country.     The  circumstances  which 
immediately  preceded  the  negotia- 
tion were  as  follows :    Almost  as 
soon  as  his  majesty's  present  minis- 
ters had  accepted  their  situations, 
the  news  arrived  of  our  allies  the 
Austrians  being  defeated  in  a  great 
battle,  which  was  very  soon  follow- 
ed by  the  treaty  of  Luneville.     The 
situation  of  Europe  was  now  mate- 
rially changed  with  respect  to  Great 
Britain,  instead  of  being  at  the  head 
of  a  great  confederacy,  a  power- 
ful confederacy  was  formed  against 
her,  under  the  direction  of  France. 
Under  these    circumstances,    after 
sending  a  fleet   to  tlie   Baltic,  we 
opened  a  negotiation  with  France, 
%Ve  certainly  could  not  then  pre- 
tend to    unsettle  that  which    had 
licen  .settled  at  the  treaty  of  Lune- 


ville, and  assented  to  by  the  whole 
Grermanic  empire.  The  treaty  which 
had  been  made  secured  the  integrity 
of  the  British  empire,  obtained  bet- 
ter  conditions  for  our  allies   than 
could  have  been  expected  when  the. 
negotiation   began,   and   confirmed 
the  acquisition  of  two  of  the  most 
important  possessions   in   the  East 
and  West  Indies.     Such  a  treaty  he 
could  not  conceive  any  thing  less 
than  honourable.     The  first  class  of 
objections  which  he  should  consider 
were  those  that  went   against  the 
conclusion  of  a  d^nitive  treaty,  on 
account  of  the  events  which  took 
place  on  the  continent  after  tke 
signing  of  the  preliminaries.     He 
must  confess  he  regretted  much  a 
great  many  of  those  events,  not  en- 
tirely on  account  of  their  intrinsic 
importance,  but  much  more  so  by 
reason  of  the  disposiUons  they  indi- 
cated in  the  French  government; 
but  he  could  not  at  the  same  time 
think  that  they  would  justify  our 
breaking  off  the  negotiation  altoge^ 
ther.     He  could  by  no  meatus  agree 
with  the  opinion  of  some  gentlemen, 
that  whenever  any  continental  power 
became  involved  with  France,  it  was 
our  business,  without  considering 
how  the  question  affected  our  exter- 
nal or  internal  interests,  immediately 
to  embark  in  a  war  about  it.     If  it 
was  not  expedient  for  us  to  continue 
the  war  for  Holland  and  tlie  Ne- 
therlands, much  less  so  was  it  to 
continue  it  for  Italy.     Besides,  tlie 
first  intimation  which  his  majesty 
received  of  the  new  constitution  of 
Italy,  was  followed  by  accounts  of 
the  congratulations  of  the  court  of 
Berlin,    and    the    acquiescence    of 
Austria  and  Russia.     As  to  the  ces- 
sion of  Louisiana  by  Spain  to  France, 
this  was  certainly  an  event  of  im-p 
portance,  but  that  very  colony  had 


HISTORY     OF    EUROPE. 


155 


been  before  ceded    by  France  to 
Spain  in  a  private  convention,  which 
took  place  between  the  signing  of 
the  preliminaries  and  definitive  treaty 
of  17^3.     As  to  the  value  of  Loui- 
siana, it  must  also  be  recollected, 
that  formerly,  when  it  was  in  the 
possession  of  France,  they  made  no- 
thing of  it,  although,  at  the  same 
time,  they  made  their  West  India 
islands  highly  valuable.     As  to  the 
American  states  being  brought  into 
dang'er  by  this    event,  he  thought 
much  too  highly  of  their  power  and 
resources,    and    that  if  they  were 
jealous  of  the  neighbourhood  of  tlie 
French,  they  would  be  the  more  in- 
clined to  the  cause  of  this  country. 
As  to  the  faults   of  omission  which 
were  alleged  against    the    present 
treaty,  the  principal  stress  appeared 
to  be  laid  on   the  non-renewal  of 
treaties,    and  yet  it  appeared  that 
the  events  of  the  war  had  so  com- 
pletely unhinged  tlie  foundations  of 
all  former  treaties,  that  it  would  be 
almost  impossible,  if  they  were  re- 
newed, to  bring  them  at  all  to  bear 
on  the  present  political* situation  of 
Europe.      Had  we  sanctioned  the 
treaty  of  Luneville,  for  example,  we 
should  then  have    made   ourselves 
parties  to  the  dismemberment  of  the 
Germanic  empire.     At  present,  we 
have,    at  least,  the  satisfaction    of 
saying,  that  if  we  have  not  been 
able  to  recover  for  Europe  her  rights, 
at  least  we  have  been  no  parties  to 
her    wrongs.      As    to   commercial 
treaties,  they  involve  so  many  sub- 
jects, so  many  points  of  discussion, 
that   they  necessarily  take  a  great 
deal  of  time  to  settle.     The  prohibi- 
tion of  our  manufactures  could  not 
be  carried  on  to  the  same  extent  in 
peac6  as  in  war  5  and  if  it  came  only 
to  a  war  of  duties  between  Great 
Jritain  and    France^  the  e^tclubion 


of  French  wines  and  brandy  would 
be  a  heavier  loss  to  them,  than  the 
exclusion  of  our  npanufactures  would 
be  to  us.     He  did  not  conceive  that 
our  rights  in  India,  or  at  Honduras, 
were  in  the  least  aftected  by  tlie  non- 
renewal of  certain  articles  in  fwroer 
treaties.     But  there  was  no  point 
which  appeared  more  completely  to 
be  mistaken  than  that  which  respect- 
ed our  flag.    The  fact  was,  tliat  this 
country  had  for  centuries  claimed  a 
sovereignty  of  the  seas,  and  from 
this  sovereignty,  that  other  nations 
should  lower  their  flags  to  us.     No 
express  sipulation  had  ever  been  in- 
troduced in  our  treaties  with  France 
and  Spain  to  this  purpose,  and  yet 
the  right  had  been  always  acknow- 
ledged.   The  reason  that  the  express 
stipulation  was  only  with  Holland, 
was,  because  there  had  once  been  a 
^v^\'  between  tliis  country  and  Hol- 
land upon  that  very  point,  and  there- 
fore the  right  had  been  at  the  peace, 
and  by  subsequent  treaties,  expressly 
recognized  with  respect  to  Holland, 
and  if  this  had  not  now  been  agaiu 
mentioned,    it  was   because,   with 
Holland,  as  well  as  other  countries, 
we  chose  to  stand  upon  our  ancient 
and  lon<>:  exercised  right.     We  had 
ceded  nothing  in  this  respect.    The 
next  general  head  of  objections  was 
the  variations  between  tliis  definitive 
treaty  and  the  preliminaries.     As  to 
the  allowances  made  to  France  on 
account  of  Russian  prisoners,  it  was 
by  no  means  unreasonable :  it  was 
in  fact  a   new  principle;  introduced 
by  us  at  the  treaty  of  1/63,  tliat 
each  state  should  maintain  its  sub- 
jects when  prisoners  in  the  enemy's 
country.     Frirnce  had   never   acted 
on  this  principle  with   Austria,  or 
any  power,    when^  it   Avould   have 
evidently  been  her  interest  to  have 
done  so ;  and  tl>erefbre,  when  she 

•onsented 


154.  ANNUAL     REGISTER,    2802. 

consented    to  adopt  this   principle  Russia  changed^   and  the    present 

•with  respect  to  us  (although  the  ba-  emperor  refused  Malta.     He  could 

li^uce  of  prisoners  was  much  against  have  wished  that  the  king  of  Naples 

her),  it  was  by  no  means  unreason-  had  been  something  of  a  more  pbw- 

able  for  us  to  expect  to  be  allowed  erful    protector,    but   he    saw*,  na 

to  set  off  against  our  demand  the  reason  to  doubt  his  fidelity.     Whea. 

expenses  ot  the  Russian  prisoners,  gentlemen  expatiated  on   the  great 

who  were  taken  by  them  when  in  acquisitions  which  France  had  made 

our  pay.  The  balance  still  remained  this  war,  tfiey  never  spoke  of  her* 

considerably  in  our  favour.     The  losses,  nor  of  what  we  had  acquired* 

next  point  was  the  situation  of  Por-  They  dwelt  on  Louisiana,  but  did 

tugal.      On  this  subject  he  must  not  mention  Mysore  or  India.  They. 

state,  that  tliis  government  had  done  did  not  either  <:ompare  the  relative^ 

eveiy  thing  in  its  power  respecting  situation  of  the'West  India  coloniet 

Portugal.    If  it  had  divided  its  army  of  the  two  countries.      The  English 

between  Portugal  and  Egypt,  they  colonies,  flourishing,  improved,  and 

would  probably  have  failed  in  both  increased  by  the  addition  ofTrihit 

places.    They  had  been,  however,  dad,  while, St.  Domingo,  the  prin-« 

extremely  anxious  for  the  security  cipal  Fjench  colony,  was  in  a  most 

of  Portugal,  and  had  recommended  precarious  state.  They  did  not  com)*  * 

in  tlie  most  presidug  manner  to  the  pare  the  navy. and  commerce  of  tte    • 

Portugueze  govemnaent  to  change  two  countries  j  the  French  navy  had 

their  general  in  chief,  who  was  an  been  in  the  war  reduced  more  than 

old  man,  incapable  from  years  ot  ahalf,  and  their  commerce  absolutdj 

the  active  exertions  that  a  campaign  destroyed.     He  could  not  pretend 

would  require.       Had    this   beepL  to  say  this  peaces,  or  any  other  which 

done,  we  should  have  '  given  Por  could  be  made  in  the  present  times^ 

tugal  every  assistance  in  our  power*  was  secure,  but  he  could  not  see 

The  government  of  Portugal,  how-  thatany  additional  security  would 

ever,  refused,  and  after  that  cotmtiy  be  gained  by  a  continuance  of  wai». 

was  invaded   and  conquered,    we  France,  besides,  now  appeared  to 

paid  a  subsidy  of  300,000/.  to  enable  be  returning  to  her  :old  maxuns  of 

them  to  make  better  terms  for  them*  religion  and  politics.      A  renewal 

selves,  and  now  at  the  definitive  of  the  war  appeared  bnly  likely  to 

treaty  we  had  got  better  terms  fat  plunge  her  back  into  the  revolution'^ 

Portugal  than  she  was  able  to  procure  ary  system,    which  would    afford 

for  herself )  and  some  of  h^  foreign  less  security.      The  resouroes  and 

possessions,  which  she  had  ceded,  the  spirit  of  the  country  should  be\ 

werestill  to  remain  in  her  possession,  spared  as  nhich  as  possible:   th^ 

As  to  ihc  question,  of  Malta,,   it  had  in  some  sort  been  worn  out  by 

would  be  recollected  tli^t  it  was  our  the  long  duration  of  the  war,  and 

original  intention,  in  taking  posses-  required  to  be  cherished  by  peace,  • 

sion  of  Malta,    to  restore  it  to  the  After  having  endeavoured  to  prove 

order.      Afterwards  we  had  thought  the   interests    and    honour  of  the 

of  placing  it  under,  the  protection  of  British  empire  had  been  preserved, 

Russia ;    but  tlie  strange  and    ill  its  allies  not  n^lected,  and  no  de* 

judged  politics  of  that  court  prevent-  grading  or  dislionourable  article  in#' 

ed  this.    Aiterwards  the  politics  of  troduced  in  the  treaty,  bis  lordship 

concluded 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.  155 

concluded  by  moving  an  address  to  now  an  iiiKlis})uted  sovereignty  in 
his  majesty,  the  substance  of  which  India.  He  must  confess,  however, 
was  to  assure  his  majesty,  tliat  that  it  was  with  the  utmost  ret^rct 
*'  the  house  were  fully  sensible  that  he  had  heard  of  the  cession  of  the 
his  majesty  had  wisely  consulted  tlie  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  He  always 
interests  of  his  people  in  forming  a  thought  that  this  was  a  post  of  tlie 
^finidve  treaty  on  the  basis  of  the  utmost  importance  to  this  countiy. 
preliminaries  ^  tiiat  they  relied  on  He  thougiit  so  in  tlieory  before  wc 
nis  majesty's  known  disposition  to  had  it,  and  he  was  tlie  more  con- 
adhere  with  the .  naost  scrupulous  vinced  of  it,  from  tlie  use  whicli 
fidelity  to  his  engagements,  but  that  was  made  of  it  after  it  had  been  in 
they  entertained  a  perfect  contidence  our  possession.  He  looked  upon 
that  he  would  be  always  prepared  to  it  as  a  most  excellent  depot  botli 
defend,  against  every  encroachment,  commercial  and  military.  In  a 
the  great  sources  of  the  wealth,  word,  he  considered  it  the  great 
conimerce,  and  naval  power  of  the  bulwark  of  India.  With  regard  to 
empire ;  and  that  they  were  firmly  Malta  too,  he  considered  it  an 
persuaded  his  majesty's  faithful  sub-  island  of  the  grciUest  importance, 
jects  would  be  always  ready  to  sup-  one  of  the  finest  ports  in  the  world. 
port  the  honour  of  his  crown,  and  It  was  not  merely  for  commercial 
the  rights,  laws,  and  liberties  of  their  purposes  that  he  should  wish  to  see 
country,"  with  the  same  spirit  they  the  British  flag  flying  at  Malta  :  it 
had  manifested  during  the  war,  was  also  to  give  assurance  to  all  the 
isehich  was  npw  happily  brought  to  surrounding  nations,  of  the  protec- 
a  conclusion.  tion  of  the  British  arms  in  case  they 
Mr.  Wellesley  Pole  seconded  tlie  should  be  attacked.  And  when  to 
motion.  tiiese  considerations  he  added  tlie 
Mr.  T.  Grenville  opposed  the  desire  of  the  Maltese  themselves, 
motion  and  the  definitive  treaty  in  that  tliey  should  be  under  the  British 
a  very  long  and  able  speech..  ,  He  government,  the  surrender  of  tliis 
examined  the  treaty  in  its  several  island  gave  him  tlie  deepest  concern, 
parts,  and  urged  his  objections  Notwithstanding  that  he  stated  those 
Dearly  on  the  same  grounds  which  pqi^its  in  the  treaty  of  which  he  dis« 
his  noble  relative  (lord  Grenville)  approved,  yet  he  could  by  no  means 
had  taken  in  the  house  of  lords.  adopt  the  address  of  his  right  honour- 
Mr.  Dundas  complained  pf  many  able  friend  (Mr.  Windham),  which 
misrepresentations  which  had  been  appeared  to  be  pointed  against  the 
tnade  of  what  had  .fallen  from  him  peace  itself :  the  adoption  of  such  an 
with  respect  to  India. .  As  to  the  address,  he  conceived,'  would  be 
inconsistency  which  he  was  charged  mischievous.  He  concluded  by 
with  for  changing  his  mind  re-  declaring  he  should  vote  for  tlic 
specting  the  importance  of  the  con-  amendment  proposed  by  the  noble 
vention  of  1787,  .ft'om  the  time  he  secretary. 

consented     to    the    negotiation    at  On  die  motion  of  general  Gas- 

,  Lisle  to    the   present,    he    should  coyne,  it  was  resolved,  on  account 

answer,  that  the  circumstances   of  of  the  lateness  of  the  hour,  and  the 

the  case  had  entirely  and  most  noto-  magnitude  of  the  question,  to  ad- 

rioiisly  changed,  and  Uiat  we  had  journ  the  debate  till  tlie  next  day. 

On 


150        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


and    L«-rd     H:n\  kv*>b'.ir\ 's    amend- 
r>rnt   ha\inc:   been   read  from   the 


cliair. 


Sir  Williani  Yoim::  resumed'  the 
tlelwu*.  Ai\cr  dot'eiidincr  the  con- 
tluot  (>f  hi'*  iVlonds,  in  so  tVequently 
provokii-^^discussior-;  on  the  dilie- 
Tt-nt  parts  of  the  treaty,  he  expressed 
his  entire  anncidonoe  with  them  in 
this  i;nestio!i,  and  preferred  the 
address  as  moved  by  his  right 
honourable  triend  (Mr.  Windham), 
to  the  amendment  of  tlie  noble  se- 
cretary, which  he  thought  did  not 
express  our  claims  with  sufficient 
fipirit  and  vigour.  In  entering  into 
the  examination  of  the  treaty,  he 
said  it  was  evident  that  Malta 
must  be  now  considered  completely 
JbVench.  As  to  the  Maltese  langue, 
he  could  speak  from  actual  obser\'a- 
tion,  having  resided  for  some  time 
on  the  island,  tliat  the  inhabitants 
were  extremely  ignorant  and  poor  3 
that  there  were  but  four  or  five 
mercliants  on  the  whole  island  ;  and 
that  the  majority  of  the  natives  spoke 
cither  the  Arab  language,  or  some 
language  that  was  a  jargon  com- 
pounded of  many  languages.  The 
inhabitants  were  certainly  not  per- 
son<  to  be  associated  with  any  an- 
cient order  of  nobilitv.  He  next 
adverted  to  Jx)uisiana,  which  he 
considered  not  only  of  the  greatest 
intrinsic  importance 5  but  still  more 
important  from  the  advantages  it 
at^orded  the  possessors  of  making 
then  1  ".elves  masters  of  Mexico.  In 
St.  Domingo,  the  rebellion  of  the 
ne'jjoes  had  given  a  pretence  to  the 
Trench  of  keeping  up  such  an  army, 
as  would  ix^  extremely  dangerous  to 
us  in  future  wars.  He  thought  it 
was  in  vain  to  hope  for  lasting  peace 
with  France.  Ambition  has  been 
al>A  ays  the  ruling  spirit  of  republics. 


What  Rome  has  been,  France  will 
he.  As  the  present  treat)'  had  beca 
ratified,  hev^ished  to  see  it  preserv- 
ed ;  but  preserved  on  the  principles 
of  the  address  moved  by  his  right 
honourable  friend  (Mr.  Windham). 

LordCastlereagh  defended  the  irea- 
t}'  nearly  on  the  same  ground  vi^h 
lord  Hawkesbur}'.  He  put  in  review 
all  the  events  which  had  taken  place 
since  the  preliminaries,  and  although 
he  acknowledged  their  importance, 
still  he  did  not  consider  that  they  af- 
forded sufficient  cause  for  renewing 
hostilities.  He  then,  after  comment- 
ins:  on  the  ditferent  articles  of  the  trca- 
ty,  and  answering  many  of  the  objec- 
tions which  had  been  made  to  them^ 
called  the  attention  of  the  house  to 
the  astoni^hing  commercial  rise  erf 
this  countr)-,  even  during  tlie  war. 
Our  imports  had  increased  from 
nineteen  millions  to  tliirty  millions  ; 
our  exports  from  twenty-four  to 
fortj'-three  millions  ;  our  tonnage 
and  our  number  of  seamen  had  in- 
creased in  the  same  proportion.  The 
exports  or  the  imports  of  France 
'did  not  exceed  seven  or  eiiiht  mil- 
lions  5  and,  therefore,  ^  tliere  was 
little  probability  of  her  overtaking 
us  in  a  commercial  contest.  On 
this  ground,  his  lordship  expatiated 
for  a  considerable  time,  and  with 
great  abilit}'.  He  concluded,  by 
trusting  that  there  would  be  an 
establishment  so  vigorous,  constantly 
kept  up,  as  would  be  abundantly 
sufficient,  in  case  of  a  future  contest, 
to  maintain  our  rights,  our  inde- 
pendence^ and  our  honour. 

Lord  Temple  said,  he  should  not 
go  over  the  whole  of  the  treaty,  as 
the  principal  points  of  it  had  already 
been  tuUy  discussed.  He  could  not 
but  complain,  however,  of  the  line 
of  argument  taken  by  the  noble  lord 
who  spoke  last^  and  by  the  noblo 

secretary 


/ 


HISTORY     OF    EUROPE. 


157 


secretary  (lord  Hawkecbury).  They 
bad  asked,  as  if  it  was  the  only 
question.  Was  it  better  to  renew 
the  war  on  account  of  the  aggran- 
dizement of  France,  or  to  make 
peace  ?  This  was  not  the  true  state 
of  the  question.  The  question  was, 
whetlier,  with  our  successes  and  re- 
sources, we  were  not  entitled  to 
more  than  his  majesty's  ministers 
had  obtained?  The  question  was 
also,  whether  we  should  not  have 
obtained  a  compensation  for  tlie 
advantages  which  France  had  ob- 
tained in  the  mean  time  ?  He  could 
not  agree  tliat  the  articles  of  the 
definitive  ti'eaty  must  exactly  agree 
with  the  preliminaries,  when  tlie 
situation  of  Europe  was  changed  in 
the  niean  time.  The  alteration  of 
the  relative  situation  of  the  powers 
contracting,  certamly  altered  the 
basis  on  which  the  preliminaries 
were  founded.  We  certainly  had  a 
right  to  an  adequate  compensation 
for  the  advantages  which  France 
in  the  mean  time  had  obtained. 
Witli  respect  to  Malta,  it  had  been 
?aid,  that  it  was  entrusted  to  tlie 
protection  of  an  independent  power. 
He  wished  it  could  be  proved  that 
Naples  was  really  an  independent 
power.  It  had  been  said  that  Malta 
was  of  no  use  to  us  in  times  of  peace, 
bat  he  believed  it  would  be  allowed 
that  it  might  serve  as  a  depot  for 
provisions' for  our  army,  and  that  it 
would  serve  to  defeat  tlie  projects 
of  French  expeditions.  With  re- 
spect to  the  entire  merits  of  the 
treaty,  he  must  ask.  Had  we  obtain- 
ed any  of  the  objects  of  the  war  ? 
Did  this  treaty  give  us  indemnity  or 
security  ?  O^,  did  it  afford  protec- 
tion to  our  allies  ?  Certainly  not, 
Tbc  king  of  Sardinia  was  not  even 
Wmed  in  the  treaty.    Portugal  was 


now  completely  subservient  Ui 
France,  and  as  for  tlic  independence 
of  Naples,  tlie  arrangement  about 
the  island  of  Elba  pro\ed  tliat  that 
country  was  perfectly  dependent  on 
France.  The  indemnity  which  wa* 
to  be  given  to  the  prince  of  Orange, 
according  to  the  pleasure  of  France, 
was  rather  an  insult  offered  to  that  . 
prince,  than  a  sufficient  indemnity 
for  his  losses.  This  peace,  even  in 
the  opinion  of  his  majesty's  minis- 
ters, appeared  insecure,  for  they 
thought  it  would  be  necessary  to 
keep  up  a  very  high  military  esta- 
blishment, even  in  time  of  peace. 
When  the  many  and  forcible  ob- 
jections which  had  been  made  to  this 
treaty  were  fairly  considered,  he 
did  not  think  that  he  or  his  friend* 
could,  witli  justice,  be  said  to  wisli 
for  war,  because  they  proposed  that 
tliese  points  should  be  submitted 
to  amicable  arrangement. 

General  Maitland  contended  that 
we  had  materially  assisted  our  allies, 
and  particularly  Portugal.  Tliat 
country  knew  well  how  to  appre- 
ciate the  difference  between  \\ii\t 
boundary  which  we  had  procuicxl 
for  her  in  Guiana,  from  that  which 
she  had  negotiated  for  herself.  He 
could  by  no  means  agree  with  tliose 
who  tliouo;ht  that  Louisiana  and 
Guiana,  must  necessarily  gi\e  the 
French  Mexico  and  South  America, 
He  never  could  consider  the  colony 
of  Louisiana  as  dansrerous  to  the 
independence  of  thf  United  Statei. 
As  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  he 
considered  that  its  importance  had 
somewhat  diminished  by  the  con-. 
quest  of  Tippoo,  which  gave  such 
ample  security  to  our  dominions  in 
India,  that  we  did  not  want  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  make  them 
more  sure,  He  cgiicludcd  by  ex- 
pressing 


5S 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


pressing  his  approbation  of  the 
treaty,  and  giving  his  vote  for  the 
amendment. 

The  Master  of  the  Rolls'defended 
the  treaty  at  considerable  length. 

Dr.  Lawrence  urged  with  great 
force  several  of  the  objections  which 
had  already  been  made. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
'  was  not  surprised  at  «uch  a  motion 
as  the  present,  coming  from  that 
right  honourable  gendeman,  who 
had  before  considered  the  peace  it- 
self as  minous,  and  the  prelimina- 
ries to  have  been  the  death-blow  of 
the  countiy.  It  would  be  of  little 
avail  to  endeavour  to  justify  the*" 
terras  of  the  treaty,  to  him  who 
inveighed  against  any  treaty  with 
the  government  of  France.  He 
condemned  the  mode  in  which  this 
treaty  had  been  attacked  by  piece- 
meal, but  as  it  had  been  attaclfed 
in  that  manner,  he  found  himself 
obliged  to  defend  it  in. the  same 
way.  [He  then  went  over  the  several 
articles  of  the  treaty  which  had  been 
objected  to,  and  defended  them 
nearly  on  the  same  principles  which 
lord  HawkeslMiry  had  done].  He 
considered,  however,  that  the  fair 
'way  of  considering  the  treaty  was  as 
an  entire  thing  5  and  that  the  true 
question  was,  whether  it  was  better 
to  make  such  a  peace,  or  continue 
the  war.  He  never  had  attempted 
to  paint  in  false  colours  the  present 
peace  5  he  never  spoke  of  it  in 
exulting  language,  nor  called  it  a 
glorious  peace,  but  he  thought  it 
such  a  peace  as  was  better  Aan  a 
continuation  of  the  war,  and  sucli 
as  the  country  could  sign  with 
honour.  He  did  not  tliink  any  ad- 
ditional security  for  its  permanence 
'  could  be  obtained  by  the  war,  and 
saw  no  reason  why  it  might  not  be 
lasting.  It  was  his  most  sincere 
1 


wish  and  prayer,  that  it  might  be 
lasting,  but  if  it  should  be  disturbed, 
the    countay  would    still,  feel    the 
benefit  of  having  its  resources  saved 
during  the  continuance  of  it.     Aa 
long  as  the  country  was  determined 
to  provide  for  its  ovirn  security,  he 
thought  it  in   no  great  danger  of 
attack.     It  was  now   on  a  proudL* 
eminence,  and,  as  he  thought,  might 
continue  so,  as  long  as  it. /adhered 
to  the  principle  of  not  invading  tfe 
rights  of  omers,  nor  suffering  ids 
own  to  be  invaded.     By  a  system  <tf 
conciliation  and  firmness,  ht  thoudlt. 
the  country   might  long  epjoy  ih 
present  preeminence.     '  He  coiUft 
hardly  wish  its  preeminence  to|» 
higher  than  it  is,  and  he  trusted  ft 
would  never  be  lower.    He  con- 
cluded by  dgain  expressing  the  strong 
desire  of  anhis  majesty^s  minister^ 
that  the  peace  s)ionld  be  long  pief* 
served.     He  supported  the  amend* 
mentoflord  Hawkesbury.  [ 

Mr.  Sheridan  rose  at  about  tv^V 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  for  the  pur^ . 
pose  of  moving  another  an^ndment 
to  the  address,  stating,  ''  that  th^ 
omissions  of  various  opportunities  dJT 
negotiating  peace,  and  particularijr 
the  rejection  of  the  overtures  of  tho 
first  consul  in  1800,  had  led  td 
such  a  state  of  affaira,  ^s  to  justifir 
the  impoVtant  sacrifices  which  hil 
majesty  had  been  advised  to  make," 
Mr.  Sheridan's  speech,  which  was. 
a  masterpiece  of  eloquence,  and 
replfete  with  sallies  of  wit,  was  prin^ 
cipally  directed  against  the  conduct 
of  his  majesty's  late  ministers,  whom 
he  supposed  to  be  now  in  secret 
coalition  with  the  present.  Instead  ' 
of  the  security  and  the  indemnity 
they  hfid  promised  from'  tjie  war, 
they  had  gotten  the  isles  of  Ceylon 
and  Trinidad.  They  might  call  the 
onfi  ti^  island  of  security,  and  the 

otbfsr 


'.1 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


159 


other  the  island  of  indemnity.  We 
had  failed  in  every  object  for  >^hich 
they  plunged  this  country  in  war. 
Instead  of  checking  the  aggrandize- 
ment of  France,  their  conduct  had 
raised  it  to  such  a  height,  as  to  en- 
danger the  existence  of  all  the  na- 
tions which  surround  it.  France 
was  now  infinitely  stronger  and  more 
formidable  than  at  any  period  since 
the  revolution,  and  he  thought  it 
was  owing  to  the  misconduct  of  the 
late  ministers  that  it  was  so.  Some 
of  them  had  always  appeared  dread- 
fully alarmed  at  jacobinism,  but 
fearless  of  ^veiy  thing  else.  For 
liis  part,  his  fears  and  alarms  had 
begun  where  tlieir^  had  ended.  He 
«aw  tlie  immense  power  of  France 
410W  consolidated  ;  all  its  continen- 
tal enemies  subdued,  or  won  over 
.$x>  its  interests  ;  and  he  saw  nothing 
to  prevent  the  ruler  of  France  from 
directing  this  mighty  power  entirely 
against  Great  Britain  in  another 
war,  which  he  might  soon  provojce, 
or  declare  against  us.  All  this  dan- 
^  he  attributed  to  the  misconduct 
of  the  late  ministers,  against  whom 
he  inveighed  severely :  he  also  in- 
veighed against  the  secret  coalition 
which  he  supposed  to  exist  between 
•the  present  ministers  and  the  eX' 
«amster«^  They  affected  to  be  sepa- 


rate and  distinct,  but  they  were  all 
still  riifht  honourable  and  Jmnouralle 
friends.  This  mysterious  connection 
had  nothing  manly  in  its  principle, 
and  he  highly  disapproved  of  it; 
otherwise  he  should  feel  sti*ongly 
inclined  to  support  the  measures  of 
the  present  administration. 

Mr.  Grey  said,  he  was  ready  to 
give  his  unqualified  support  to  the 
treaty,  but  could  not  vote  for  tliat 
part  of  the  amendment,  which  im- 
plied an  approbation  of  that  war, 
which  he  had  always  considered  un- 
just in  its  origin,  calamitous  in  its 
conduct,  and  disgraceful  in  its  ter- 
mination. 

Mr.  William  Smith,  Mr,  Whit- 
bread,  and  Mr.  Bouverie  declared, 
that  upon  the  same  principle  they 
could  not  vote  for  the  amendment, 
although  they  approved  of  the  con- 
duct of  ministers  in  making  the 
peace. 

Mr.  Windham  made  a  short 
ireply  to  the  leading  objections  to 
his  address :  he  «aid,  that  although 
that  address  might  be  construed 
into  a  censure  on  ministers,  that 
was  by  no  means  the  intention  or 
the  object  of  it. 

The  house  divided  on  Mr.  Wind- 
ham*s  address  .  Ayes  20 ;  noes  276. 
Majority  25Q» 


CHAP, 


160         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1803. 


CHAP.      XIII. 

Qiwt'ulerations  on  tlie  Definitive  Treaty. -^Debate  in  the  House  of  Lordi 
on  the  secojid  Reading  of  the  'Militia  Bill — in  the  House  of'  Commons 
mi  Hull' Baiting, — Mr.  Canning* s  Motion  on  the  Cultivation  (f  TVi- 
fddad — Debate  thereon. — Bill  for  the  Relief  of  the  Clergy^^lroughi 
iu  ly  Sir  IVilUani  Scott — Debate  on  tJie  second  Reading  of  it  iti  the 
Commons — ajid  in  the  Jjords. '^Supply. — blattering  Statement  qf  the 
Finances  by  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer, — Irish  Finance. '^Con-"  ' 
ccrsation  on  Indian  Affairs  in  both  Houses, — Prorogation  and  Dis* 
solution  of  Parliaments 

7  TAVING  thus  gone  into  detail  only  the  possessions  with  which  she 
JLJl  at  considerable  length  on  the  began  tlie  war,  but  had  retired  fi*om 
liighl/   interesting    debate  on   the  it  with  increase  of  military  faaie,  * 
subject  of  the  definitive  treaty,  we  and  the  acquisition  of  two  certainly 
&hal(  now  endeavour  to  lay  before  very  valuable  possessions,  not  only 
oiu:  readers  some  considerations  and  as  with  respect  to  their   intrinsk:  * 
rdlections.  which  incimediately  be-  value,  but  as  adding  great  additional 
long  to  it,  and  endeavour  to  point  sectilty  to  her  former  dominions^ 
out,  with  clearness  and  precision,  and  likely  to  increase  to  a  consI<- 
wherein  it  differed  from  the  spirit  derable  degree  her  commerce  and   . 
of  all  former  ti  eaties  concluded  by  her  resources. 
Great  Britain ; '  wherein  it  differed  That  thus  she  had  much    im- 
firom    tiie  preliminary    articles    of  proved  her  relative  situation  with 
peace,  which  should  have  formed  respect  to  her  enemies,  whilst,  to  se- 
tts exact  and  precise  basis ;    and  cure  the  penflanency  of  peace,  she 
finally  consider  whether  it  leftEng-  had  removed  every  cause  of  jea-    ' 
land  in  possession  of  a  tranquillity  lousy  and  dissatisfaction,  by  restor- 
to  which   '*  its  tone,  its   temper,  ing  to  them   a   long  list   of  the 
and  its  terms,*'  promised   perma-  most  valuable  and  important  con- 
nent    stability,  dr  whether  it  was  quests. 

to  be  considered  as  only  conducive  To  the  statist  and  politician,  how- 
to  *^  an  hollow  and  armed  truce,^'  ever,  who  was  guided  by  the  max- 
of  short  and  probably  veiy  limited  ims  of  a  Burleigh,  a  Temple,  and 
duration.  a  Chatham  5  who  believed    it    an 

It  should  seem,  on  a  first  glance  established  and  indispensable  prin-  ^ 

at  the  provisions  of  the  peace  of  cible  that  the  security  and  general 

Amiens,  that  Great  Britain,   after  interests  of  Europe  must  be  invio- 

having  maintained  a  contest  unex-  lably  protected  as  the   sole  means 

am])led  in  interest,  length,  and  vi-  of  preserving  the  I'epose  and  safety 

gour,   bad  retained  by  them^  not.  of  its  individual  states^  and  conse* 

quoatly 


i 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.  I6i 

gently  that  the  independence   of  been  laid  down  by  the  greatest  au- 

Great  Britain,  depended  upon  that  thorities  that   preliminaries   shpuld 

of  the  different  continental  powers,  strictly    define   the    terms    of  the 

(those  maxims,    whose  operations  treaty  itself.    The   usage  In   every 

had  won   and   secured  to   her  the  preceding     treaty    warranted     this 

proud   preeminence   she   possessed  maxim,  and  tlie  abandonment  of  it 

in  the  civilized  world,)  this    cele-  on  the  present  occasion   gave  the 

brated  and   momentous  treaty  ap-  most  manifest  advantages    to   our 

pcared  in  a  far  different  point  of  enemy,  who  was  thus  enabled  to 

Tiew.  dispose  of  his  hitherto  blocked  up 

If,  indeed,  the  politics  of  Great  fleets  and  armaments  exactly  as  he 
Britain  were  to  become  as  insulated  could  have  wished,  had  they  been 
as  her  territory,  if  she  were  now  superior  in  point  of  force,  by  th© 
only  to  be  regarded  as  a  separate  expedition  of  St.  Domingo ;  and 
power,  totally  independent  on  her  further,  by  seizing  that  interval, 
continental  neighbours,  and  an  un-  which  he  never  could  ;  under  the 
concerned  spectator  of  all  that  circumstances  which  preceded  the 
hereafter  might  agitate  them,  (and  preliminaries,  have  attempted,  to 
this  line  of  conduct  the  first  con-  encroach  on  his  unprotected  neigh- 
tul  seemed  magisterially  to  point  hours,  and  to  add  the  most  im- 
out  for  her,  nor  were  there  wanting  portant  acquisitions  to  his  empire 
at  home  some  so  besotted  as  to  both  in  Europe  and  America, 
concede  to  this  dictate  J  then.  Nor  did  we  require  any  conces- 
iodeed,  and  then  only,  might  the  sions  either  to  ourselves  or  our  allie* 
terais  of  the  peace  be  considered  as  for  those  advantages  so  acquired, 
lafe  and  honourable  :  but  if,  on  the  and  which,  injustice  and  in  the  spirit 
contrary,  agreeably  to  the  wisdom  of  self-preservation,  we  should  have 
and  experience  of  ages,  she  was  done  j  on  the  contrary,  we  fell  in- 
yct  to  consider  herself  as  forming  stead  of  rising  in  our  terms,  and 
a  component  part  of  the  great  com-  threw  ourselves  completely  on  the 
inunity  of  Europe }  if  her  fate  was  forbearance  and  generpsity  of  the 
to  be  determined  by  the  preserva-  first  consul,  in  the  hope  of  his  not 
tion  or  the  extinction  of  the  ba-  taking  future  advantage  of  such  ma- 
lance  of  power  5  if  she  must  nifest  impolicy  and  weakness, 
stand  or  fall  with  the  continental  The  provision  in  the  definitive 
powers  ;  then,  indeed,  might  she  treaty  for  the  sale  of  the  property 
look  forward  with  alarm  and  appre-  of  our  enemies  in  the  islands  ceded 
hension  to  the  consequences  of  a  to  us,  while  none  was  made  for 
peace,  by  which  awquisiiions  so  British  subjects  under  similar  cir- 
enormous,  aggrandisement  so  gi-  cumstances,  was  assuredly,  on  the 
gantic,  and  power  so  uncontrolled,  face  of  it,  inequitable,  nor  could  it 
were  secured  to  an  insatiable,  bitter,  produce  any  other  consequence  save 
and  unrelenting  enemy.  that  of  Uansferring  to  our  enemies 

The  first  point  which  strikes  us  an  acquired  and  growing  capital  to 

in  our  proposed  investigation  of  the  an  immense  amount,    which   had 

treaty  of  Amiens,  is  the  wide,  nay  arisen  from  the  spirit  of  enterprise, 

almcfst  entire  deviation  of  it  from  commercial     resources,     boundless 

thft    preliminary    articles.     It    has  activity,  and,  above  aU,  confidence 

Vol.  XLIV.  M                                         JA 


162        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


in  the  protection  and  good  faith  of 
government,  of  the  numerous  Eng- 
lish adventurers  and  settlers  in  the 
conquered  colonies  from  France  and 
her  allies. 

A  similar  spirit  of  injustice  per- 
vaded the  article  which  related  to 
prisoners  of  warj  for,  in  the  ex- 
change, the  Russian  prisoners  made 
in  Holland  by  the  French  army 
V  ere  set  off  against  the  French  pri- 
6on(  rs  taken  by  England  ! 

The  unprecedented  and  most  ex- 
traordinary omission  in  the  treaty 
of  Amiens  of  all  former  treaties, 
whicli  collectively  formed  the  basis 
and  the  security  of  the  political 
rf  lotions,  the  system  of  all  com- 
mrrci:il  and  territorial  security,  and 
the  b(  ^t  protection  of  all  constituted 
authority,  throughout  Europe,  was 
n'io'-»t  fatal  in  its  principles,  and 
thiealeried  in  its  baneful  operation 
the  most  destructive  consequences 
to  the  civilized  world.  It  was  in 
eft'<:ct  surrendering  to  France  the 
right  wbich  she  has  constantly  as- 
sumed, since  her  revolutionary  pro- 
jects commenced,  of  destroying, 
wherever  her  power  or  her  influ- 
ence extended,  all  vestiges  of  re- 
ceived and  acknowledged  public 
law,  and  causing  all  nations  to 
submit  to  those  she  has  imposed  in 
tlieir  stead,  and  which  arc  founded 
upon  those  treaties  which  she  had 
since  tliat  period  obtained,  by  force 
or  fraud,  from  most  of  the  powers 
of  Europe.  Independently  of  tlic 
surrender  of  the  general  principle, 
which  at  once  reduces  all  former 
treaties,  prior  to  that  of  Amiens,  to 
csciess  Inmber,  this  abrogation  af- 
fected (inasnuich  as  it  placed  in 
a  disputable  point)  many  rights 
and  privileges  of  Great  Britain,  of 
•Q  boiiuiary,  commercial^  aud  ter- 


ritorial nature  -,  rights  which  Gref 
Britain  had  secured  at  the  expense 
of  her  best  blood  and  treasure,  and 
which,  at  the  conclusion  of  every 
former  war,  were  guarded  by  aU  the 
jealous    precision  witli  which    our 
greatest  statesmen  had  conducted  the 
negotiat  ions  for  peace.  To  enumerate 
all  that  were  thus  abandoned  by  thif 
fatal  omission  would  far  exceed  our 
limits ;  but    we   ?hall   instance,   as » 
sufficient  for  our  purpose,  the  pre- 
scriptive rights  of  the  British  flag, 
the  proud  and  glorious  exercise  of 
which  formed  the  best  security  for 
our  national  importance  j   our  right 
of    restraining    French    commerce   ^ 
in   India,    the  principle  of   which 
was  established  by  the  convention 
of  1737  ;  the  right  of  carrying  on    ■ 
that  nv)st  profitable  branch  of  com- 
merce, the  gum  trade,  on  the  coast 
of  Africa,   which   solely  depended 
upon     our    former    treaties     with 
France;  and  the  privilege  of  cutting 
logwood  in  the  bay  of  Honduras. 

In  direct  contradistinction  to  all  . 
established  usage,  the  definitive 
treaty  made  no  mention  whatever 
of  any  commercial  arrangement  be- 
tween England  and  any  of  the  other 
contracting  parties.  In  her  recent 
treaties,  concluded  with  Russia,  with 
Portugal,  and  the  Porte,  France  took 
care  explicitly  to  put  the  rights  of 
navigation  and  commerce  on  the 
most  advantageous  footing  for  her- 
self; whilst  that  of  Amiens  pass- 
ed over  such  subjects  as  of  no  im- 
portance I  by  which  omission  we 
virtually  sunendered  our  trade  with 
Spain,  with  Holland,  with  Portu-* 
gal,  Tuscany,  Genoa,  in  short,  "with 
every  power  under  the  control  and 
influence  of  France ;  and  which 
might  have  been  preser\ed  by  an 
adherence    to    those    principles  of 

QCgotiatioii 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


163 


Negotiation  that  have  been  sanc- 
tioned by  all  former  experience  and 
by  all  former  usage. 

The  abandonment  of  our  allies 
is  another  and  a  melancholy  instance 
of  the  deviation  of  the  treaty  under 
our  consideration,  from  all  former 
ones,  the  more  extraordinary,  as  it 
was  pretended,  that  so  far  from  being 
worsted  we  had  been  victorious  in 
the  contest  5  and  when  we  under- 
took expressly  to  stipulate  for  them, 
(the  prince  of  Orange  and  the  queen 
of  Portugal  are  those  to  whom  we 
direcdy  allude,)  the  ai-licle  pro- 
fessedly in  favour  of  the  former  was 
so  undefined  and  loose,  that  he  is 
left  at  tlie  mercy  of  his  enemies  by 
it;  he  is  not  only  expelled  from 
his  country  and  his  high  situation, 
m  consequence  of  his  alliance  with 
us,  but  the  miserable  indemnifica- 
tion for  his  vast  losses,  which  he  is 
promised  there,  is  fraudulently 
withheld  from  him  by  that  power 
who  ought  in  justice  to  have  pro- 
vided it,  and  which  must  in  the 
event  be  given  to  him  by  tlie 
eleemosynary  bounty  of  the  British 
nation. 

Both  in  Europe  and  in  America, 
notwithstanding  the  express  condi- 
tion that  the  integrity  of  Portugal 
should  be  preseiTcd,  has  tliat  power 
been  compelled  to  make  the  most 
important  sacrifices.  A  large  pro- 
portion of  the  Portugueze  Guiana  3 
the  command  of  the  navigation  of 
the  river  Amazons,  with  the  pro- 
vince of  Olivenza,  are  the  cessions 
which  she  has  been  called  upon  to 
'make,  and  are  the  bitter  fruits  of  her 
fidelity  to  Great  Britain.  Thus  have 
we  cut  up  by  tlie  roots  the  prospect 
of  fiiture  alliance  with  any  of  the 
powers  of  Europe,  by  this  flagrant 
breach  of  policy  and  good  faitli. 
And  without  alliances  can  we  sup- 


port  any  contest  against  that  vast 
power  which  this  peace  has  con- 
firmed to  France  ?  or,  can  we  sup- 
pose that  any  European  power  will 
ever  again  risk  the  loss  of  colonies,  as 
Portugal,  or  of  political  existence,  as 
the  prince  of  Orange,  upon  the  ho- 
nour and  good  faith  of  Great  Bri- 
tain? 

Thus  far  have  we  considered  the 
treaty  as  differing  from  all  those 
that  preceded  it ;  our  next  object  will 
be  to  show  wherein  it  difiered  fronj. 
the  preliminaries,  to  which  the  mi- 
nistiy  were  solemnly  pledged,  and 
to  which  alone  the  sanction  of  par- 
liament had  been  given. 

We  have  already,  in   a  former 
pait  of  our  work,  shown,  that  while 
Great  Britain  was  ineffectually  urg* 
ing  the  termination  of  the  tieaty  at 
Amiens  for  four  tedious  months  of 
suspense  and  anxiety,  France,  ever 
intent   on  her  projects  of  aggran- 
disement, had,  in  that  time,  added 
a  considerable  portion  of  Italy  to 
her    European    empire,     and    had 
vauntingly  promulged  her  clandes- 
tine  and  fraudulent    treaties   with 
Spain  and    the    Porte,    by   which 
Louisiana,    Parma   and  its  depen- 
dencies, the   island   of  Elba,    and 
the   trade  of  the  Levant,  were  se- 
curely and  solidly  attached  to  her 
dominion.     These  acquisitions  con- 
sidered generally,  during  the  negO'- 
tiation   lor   peace,    entirely  altered 
the   relative   situation   of  the   two 
great    contracting    powers :     they 
were  no  longer  situated  as  they  were 
at  the  signing  of  the  prejifniiwries, 
and  to  have  placed  them  again  on, 
the  same  footing,  some  equivalent 
should  have  been  given  to  Great 
Britain  or  her  allies.    That  this  was 
not  done,  nor  that  it  was  ever  re-? 
quired  to    be  done,    we  have  suf- 
ficient and  melancholy  proof. 

M  2  Put 


164        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1803. 

But  if  we  look  more  narrowly  into  adopted    in    Piedmont,  LcmbarcTf, 

the  nature  of  these  acquisitions,  we  and  Spain,  all  the  property  of  the 

sh-ill   find   that  they  were  for  the  order   of  the  knights  of  St.  John 

mo -it  pnrt  such  as  rendered  it  im-  of  Jerusalem,  who  were  the  sove- 

pfis-^iMe  for  Great  Britain,  without  reigns    of  Malta.      In    the   treaty 

giving  up  every  principle  on  which  of  Amiens  she  had  introduced  in  the 

tiicy  were  framed,  to  execute  some  proposed  constitution  of  the  island 

of  the   most   important  articles  of  (to  which  indeed  the  En^ish  mi- 

tlie  treaty.  nistiy  consented)  an  article  by  which 

Passing  over  Louisiana,  Parma,  the  spirit  of  democracy  would  in  its 
and  the  Isle  of  Elba,  and  consider-  operation  be  completely  ditfused 
ing  them  only  under  the  head  of  throughout  it,  than  which  nothing 
immense  additional  dominion  to  could  be  now  favourable  to  French 
France,  and,  as  such,  grounds  suffi-  views  and  policy.  And  now,  by  the 
cient  for  breaking  off  the  treaty,  or  recent  acquisition  of  the  whole  of 
at  least  requiring  an  ample  equiva-  the  north  of  Italy,  the  future  pos- 
lent  to  Great  Britain  had  our  ne-  session  of  the  island  to  France  was 
gotiation  gone  on  with  spirit,  we  rendered  as  practicable  as  it  was 
shall  confine  ourselves  solely  to  the  eagerly  coveted  by  that  power  j  fiar 
consequences  which  inevitably  at-  as  Naples  would  now  be  always  at 
tached  to  the  annexation  of  the  the  mercy  of  her  near  and  power- 
Italian  republic  to  the  French  em-  ful  neighbour,  she  could  not  dare 
pire.  to  dispute  the  orders  of  the  Con- 

Thc  importance  of  the  possession  sul^President  :  so  that  to  give  up 
of  the  island  of  Malta,  and  the  jea-  Malta  to  Naples  was,  in  effect,  a 
lousy  with  which  it  was  regarded  virtual  surrender  of  that  important 
by  Great  Britain  and  France,  need  station  to  France,  which  in  our  pos- 
not  here  be  expatiated  upon.  Every  session  in  peace  would  have  secured 
precaution  was  suggested  to  present  our  trade  in  the  Levant,  "  would 
it  independent ;  the  principal  was,  have  interposed  between  the  ambi- 
the  placing  it  in  the  hands  of  Na-  '  tion  of  France  and  Eg)'pt,  and,  in 
pies,  until  it  should  be  able,  from  time  of  war  would  have  been  a 
its  own  revenue  and  resources,  to  watch-tower  in  the  storm  to  direct 
protect  itself.  It  was  of  course  to  the  frighted  natives  of  Italy  to  the 
be  evacuated  by  the  British  force  haven  of  British  protection." 
then  in  possession.  That  the  Eng-  Such  were  the  principal  points 
lish  ministry  were  sincere  in  tJieir  in  which  the  spirit  and  the  letter 
wish  for  die  fulfilment  of  these  of  the  preliminaries  were  violated 
stipulations  there  is  little  doubt,  by  the  definitive  treaty.  The  general 
1'heir  eagerness  to  conclude  a  peace  policy  of  its  provisions  are  next  to  be 
upon  any  terms  was  sufficiently  ap-  considered ;  and  here  the  bare  con- 
parent.  What  the  objects  of  France  trast  of  our  situation  at  the  signing  of 
were  it  is  not  more  difficult  to  de-  the  preliminaries,  and  at  that  of  the 
termine  j  she  had  already  struck  at  definitive  treatj-,  will  sufficiently  en- 
the  possibility  of  tlie  island's  ever  able  tlie  reader  to  judge  for  himself, 
becoming  independent,  by  confis-  At  tlie  first  pf  these  periods  we  had 
catino-  in  her  own  dominions,  and  conquered  colonies  which  alone  im- 
pruciu-in^  the  same  measure  to  be  ported  between  two  and  three  mil- 
lion^ 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


165 


lions  yearly  ,•    we    commanded  and 
we  possessed  the  commerce  of  the 
world;    we  had  tlie  most    impor- 
tant milifaiy  stations    in  both  he- 
mispheres 5    our    enemy   was  crip- . 
pled  in  his  resources,    and   a  pri- 
soner  in  his  own  ports  ;    our  ex- 
penses, though  vast,  were  not  more 
than  commensurate  with  our  means, 
supported  as  they  were  by  the  in- 
crease,  indeed   total  monopoly,  of 
trade  3  and   our  resources  and  pub- 
lic spirit  vigorous  and  unimpaired.  At 
the  latter  epoch,  we  had  surrendered 
St.  Domingo  and  the  West  India 
islands,  Pondicherry  and  the  East 
India   settlements,    Malta  and  the 
Cape !  It  is  tme,   at  the  expense  of 
our  ancient  allies  we  were  to  receive 
Ceylon  and  Trinidad.     Were  these 
an  equipoise  to  tlie  immense  recent 
acquisitions  of  France  ?    the  rivers 
Amazoos  and  Mississippi  with  Lou- 
isiana in   America ;     her    usurpa- 
tion   of  Italy}     her  union   of  the_ 
Netlierlands  3    her  frontier  of  the 
Rhine  f  her  almost  direct  dominion 
over  Spain  and  Holland ;  her  king- 
making  in  Etruria ;    her  seizure  of 
the  most  valuable  part  of  the  Sardi- 
Bian  dominions  3  in  fine,  her  rapid 
approach  to   universal    monarchy  ? 
And  for  what  did  we  acquiesce  in 
this  enormous  system  of  aggrandise- 
ment ?  For  what  had  we  been   so 
prodigal  of  this  unexampled   mass 
of  cession  ?    For  an  armed  peace  3 
for  a  small  deduction  of  expense  3 
for  the  diminution  of  our  commerce 
by  the  restoration  to  France  and 
her  allies  of  the   vast  colonial  pos- 
sessiqps  we    had  enriched  by  tlie 
Capital   and  exertions  of  our  mer- 
chants   and    settlers,    and    by  our 
having  omitted,  in  the  negotiation 
at  Amiens,    contrary  to  invariable 
policy,  to  enter  into  any  commer- 
cial   arrangement,     which     might 


have  prevented  the  effects  of  that 
hostile  spirit  which  our  implacable 
enemy  had  constantly,  and  even 
pending  the  negotiation,  manifested 
against  our  trade  ? 

But  die  pacific  intentions  and  dis- 
position of  the  first  consul  has  been 
urged,  and  that  too  by  administra- 
tion, in  tlie  great  council  of  the  na- 
tion, as  an  excuse  and  a  security  for 
the  ternis  of  the  peace.    On  the  im- 
policy of  making  that  depend  upon 
tlie  life  or  temper  of  an  individual, 
which  should  have  been  placed  far 
beyond  tlie  reach  of  such  precarious 
contingency,   it  is  needless  to  re- 
mark 3  but  it  is  worth  while  to  con- 
sider upon  what  data  they  formed 
this  so  favourable  an  opinion  of  him  j 
nor  can  it  be  easily  decided,  whether 
it  arose  from  his  having,  from  tlie 
moment  of  the  signature  of  the  pre- 
liminaries, persecuted  our  commerce 
in  tlie  most  direct  manner  3  or  his 
having,  during   the  negotiations  at 
Amiens,  made  tlie  most  important 
acquisitions  by  fraudulent  means  3 
or  his  clandestine  and  injurious  trea- 
ties with  the  otlier  powers  of  Europe, 
in  opposition,, and  pointed  directly 
at  the  interests  of  Great  Britain  j  or 
his  direct  robbery  of  the    king  of 
Naples  3    or  his  intemperate  inter- 
ference  in   the   concerns  of  every 
neighbour  3  or,  was  it  forgotten  by 
tliem,  that  the  first  consul  was  Bona- 
parte, the  man  who  planned,  and 
commanded  the  expedition  to  Egypt. 
On  the  whole,  then,  it  mubt  be 
concluded,  upon  every  principle  of 
human  reason,  from  every  deduction 
from  analogy  or  experience,    that 
the  peace  of  Amiens  carries  witliin 
it  the  spirit  of  inevitable  and  speedy 
warfare  5  that  its    duration  will  be 
determined  solely  by  the  conveni- 
ence of  the  first  consul  3  or  by  the 
moment  when  the  conquered  colo- 
Ma  '       nies 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


16G 

Ui^s  shall  be  restored ;  or  finalH  by 
ilic  capvUv  :ind  aiubiiion  of  th--  •  iO:it 
iiiKvlinulic.!,  most  powerf..".  rnd 
tlu  vt\>re   moc»t    dangernui,    u-^pot 

'1  \u'  rt«in:iinder  of  th*?  session  was 
ocx'-ipicU  by  a  great  press  of  public 
buMUOss,  but  which  gave  rise  to  few, 
•and  cumixiratively  very  unimport- 
ant, debates  ;  which  we  shall,  how- 
ever, as  cor.c  sely  as  po.ssible,  lay  in 
their  order  bt  fore  our  readers. 

On  the  26th  of  May,  when  the 
order  of  the  day  was  read  ii\  the 
house  of  lords  for  the  second  read- 
ing of  the  militia  bill. 

Lord  Hobart.  rose  to  explain  the 
nature  of  the  bill.     As  to  its  first 
object,  the  consolidation  of  the  va- 
rious militia  laws  now  existing,  this 
was,  he  believed,  a  measure  which 
would  be  universally  appmved  of  by 
their  lordships  5  but  he  was  aware, 
that   th'^   second  object  of  the  bill, 
which  went  to  augment  the  miiitia, 
might  afford  some  objections.    Some 
noble  lords  might  think,  that  minis- 
ters had    no  confidence  in  the  per- 
manence of  the  peace  :  he  could  as- 
sure ihcni,  that  was  not  the  case  j 
ministers  hoped,  diat  the  same  spi- 
rit of   conciliation   which   induced 
France    to    enter    ir.to    the  peace 
would  aJso  incline  her  to  preserve  it; 
but    it    was    notorious,    from   the 
changes  which   the   last   war    had 
made  in  the  relative  situation  of  the 
powers  f)f  the  continent,  that  more 
than   our   ancient   peace   establi:>h- 
ment,  or  ordinar}-  precautions,  was 
navs.sary   in    the  present   circum- 
stances of  affairs.      The  immense 


increase  of  the  poTver  of  France,  and 
the  extent  ot  her  present  sea-coasts, 
rer.L.ired  a  much  j^reater  state  of  prc- 
parailon  for  dr fence  ui:  cur  side  than 
wa^  former./  iiccesajry.  The  con- 
stitution of  ibis  roi-inirv'  did  not  war- 
rant a  large  iiLiilairy  force  in  lime  of 
peace:  the  per^^e  n^t-jrid'y  }rx)ked 
to  it  w  ith  jealrusy  ;  a-.^  ihe  militia 
was  consiaerr  \  rhe  m  ,st  coastita- 
tional  dtfem  'J  of  the  cf  uctr/.  The 
number  (6g,CCC)  wh'ch  was  now 
proposed,  was  no  mo^e  than  what 
was  the  ancient  estaM-shnrent  of  the 
militia,  when  the  corn  try  was  less 
popidous  than  it  i-  at  -re  sent,  by 
nearly  three  niiiliOi.>  of  pt-  pk .  0£ 
this  number,  only  40  000  were  to 
be  called  out  in  the  lir-t  instance; 
but  his  majesty  \\a-  in  have  the 
power  of  increa>ii:g  the  number,  af 
he  judged  ni-cessa'y. 

Lord  Fitz.viliiani  had  no  nbi-.otion 
to  that  part  .1  tiic-  b  !1  v  u'ch  went 
to  the  consolidation  of  *h-j  former 
militia  bills  j  but  he  objected  <-*»-ui:t^ly 
to  that  part  wh'ch  wtr :  r;  a  ccinsi- 
derable  augmentation  of  the  militia 
forces.  He  saw  no  reason  exi>ting 
now,  to  justify  a  measure  which 
would  be  severely  felt  by,the  people 
at  large.  He  dwttlt  wih  consider- 
able force  and  fffljpgoi.  the  hard- 
ships which  'iie  \)K>fy  \\ould  feel  by 
increasing  ti^.<-  ii',n.]n.r  of  the  mili- 
tia. 1  he  riri  <  a  ju  er  paid  no  more 
to  raise  the  n.,'iti;!  tlian  the  poorest 
farmer  on  hit  estate,  nor  the  most 
*  wealthy  merchant  than  the  porter 
who  carried  out  parcels  from  his 
door.  The  rich  could  easily  pur- 
chase exemption  3  while  the  poor. 


*  It  was  as  wisely  as  it  was  acutely  remarked,  by  one  of  the  greatest  statesmen  of 
ih'is  or  of  any  other  age,  that  the  treaty  of  An-.. ens  had  been  concluded  on  tN\o  princi- 
ples directly  opposite  ;  and,  on  each,  in  opposiiiun  to  our  own  interests.  France  was 
allowed  to  treat  upon  the  uti  possidetis,  while  Great  Britain  has  been  content  to  nego- 
tiate on  the  statu  quo  ante  belliun.  On  cither  principle^  solely  acted  on,  the  balance 
of  power  might  have  been  preserved. 


HISTORY    OF    SUROPfe.         16i 


who  could  not  afford  to  pay  for  sub- 
stitutes, were  obliged  to 'forsake 
their  callings,  by  which  their  fami- 
lies were  supported,  and  now  serve 
in  the  militia,  It  was  principally  on 
the  ground  of  this  inequality,  and 
the  militia  system  acting  as  a  heavy 
annual  tax  on  the  poorer  classes, 
that  he  should  oppose  the  augmenta- 
tion of  it  beyond  what  was  absolute- 
ly necessary.  On  these  grounds  he 
moved,  that  the  second  reading 
should  be  postponed  till  that  day 
three  months. 

Lord  Caernarvon  thougjht  that 
the  militia  system  had  been  much 
injured  by  the  many  changes  it  had 
received  of  late  in  the  war  office, 
when  the  secretaries  affected  to  con- 
sider the  militia  as  but  an  awkwgrd 
anny,  which  specially  required  their 
superintendence  j  and  he  considered 
this  bill  as  a  consolidation  of  all  the 
mischiefs  which  the  former  changes 
had  brought  about.  His  lordship 
agreed  entirely  with  lord  Fitzwil- 
liam,  as  to  the  inequality  of  the  tax, 
which  fell  principally  on  the  poor, 
and  from  which  many  of  the  rich 
were  entirely  exempt  3  but  all  of 
them  could  exempt  themselves  at 
the  expense  of  paying  a  substitute. 
The  families  of  those  who  serve  in 
the  militia  are  also  left  as  a  burden 
on  those  who  pay  the  poor's  rates. 
He  also  objected  to  that  part  of  the  • 
bill  which  dispensed  with  the  antient 
qualification  in  land  for  subaltern 
officers. 

The  marquis  of  Buckingham  sup- 
ported the  bill.  He  had  himself 
spent  some  of  the  happiest  years  of 
his  life  in  the  militia,  and  was  as 
much  attached  to  it  as  any  man. 
He  had  felt  it  as  a  violation  of  the 
principles  of  the  militia  system,  to 
draft  men  from  those  regiments  into 
the  regulars  -,  but  he  did  not  oppose 


it  at  the  time,  because  he  was  given 
to  understand,  that  the  exigjency  of 
the  times  was  so  pressing,  that  it 
was  necessary  to  get  men  for  the 
army  in  almost  any  way.  As  to  the 
last  peace,  whetlier  it  was  a  secure 
one,  or  as  bad  as  he  considered  it, 
in  either  case  he  approved  of  the 
augmentation  of  the  militia,  both  on 
account  of  the  present  state  of  Eu- 
rope, and  to  prevent  the  necessity 
of  raising  new  corps  at  the  com- 
mencement of  another  war,  as  we 
had  done  in  the  two  last. 

Lord  Romney  followed  nearly  tlie 
same  line  of  argument  which  had 
been  taken  by  lords  Fitzwilliam  and 
Caernarvon,  and  voted  for  the  post- 
poning of  the  second  reading. 

Lord  Darnley  supported  the  bill, 
and  said  he  could  not  see  why,  if 
40,000  was  a  constimtional  militia 
establishment,  the  addition  of  20,000 
to  the  number,  in  case  of  emer- 
gency, could'  make  it  unconstitu- 
tional. He  thought  this  a  much  bet- 
ter way,  than  to  be  obliged  to  have 
recourse  to  the  raising  new  corps  at 
the  commencement  of  every  war. 

The  earl  of  Radnor  approved  of 
tlie  augmentation  in  the  militia,  on 
the  ground  that  the  relative  situation 
of  the  country  is  very  diiferent  now 
from  what  it  was  at  the  end  of  the 
American  war,  and  therefore  the 
peace  establishment  must  necessa- 
rily be  considerably  larger.  He  dis- 
approved very  much  of  drafting 
men  from  the  militia  to  the  regu- 
lars, which  was  in  fact  making 
mere  recruiting  Serjeants  of  the 
many  noblemen  and  gentlemen  who 
were  officers  in  tlie  militia.  He 
consiidered  tliat  this  made  a  very 
efficient  part  of  the  defensive  force 
of  the  empire,  and  concluded  by 
supporting  the  bill. 

Lord    Pelham  denied   that   any 
M  4  un&it 


168 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


unfair  arts  were  made  use  of  to  en- 
tice the  soldiers  of  the  militia  to  en- 
list in  the  regular  army.  He  said- 
that  his  noble  friend  (lord  Hobart) 
had  been  much  misunderstood, 
\vhcn  he  was  supposed  to  say,  that 
this  peace  had  every  appearance  of 
being  lasting :  his  argument  was 
merely  J  that,  whetlier  it  was  likely 
to  be  lasting  or  not,  still  the  present 
measure  was  advisable,  on  account 
of  the  altered  state  of  France.  He 
contended,  that  the  power  of  calling 
out  tfie  supplementary  militia  did 
Hot  at  all  deprive  that  house  of  its 
constitutional  privilege  of  voting 
what  army  it  judged  expedient ;  for 
whenever  the  crown  should  judge  it 
necessary  to  call  out  the  supplemen- 
tary militia,  ministers  must  apply 
to  parliament  for  money  for  their 
pay  and  clothing  3  and  every  noble 
lord  would  have  an  opportunity  of 
delivering  his  sentiments  on  the  al- 
leged necessity.  He  could  by  no 
means  admit,  that  the  burden  of 
the  militia  was  unequally  divided  as 
had  been  stated,  or  that  it  was 
thrown  on  the  poor  more  than  on 
the  rich :  he  had  heard  there  were 
clubs  where,  upon  a  poor  man*s 
subscribing  half  a  guinea,  a  substi- 
tute would  be  found  for  him  if 
drawn.  He  concluded  by  profess- 
ing his  decided  opinion  of  the  abso- 
lute necessity  of  the  measure. 

The  question  was  then  put  on  the 
second  readinij  of  the  bill,  and  car- 
ricd  by  a  majority  of  22  to  (5, 

On  the  24th  of  May  there  was  a 
very  animated  debate  in  the  house 
of  connnons,  on  a  subject  perhaps 
not  interesting  to  the  general  politics 
of  the  country  j  but  with  res])f  ct  to 
the  morals  of  the  lower  class  of  peo- 
ple, and  the  general  cause  of  huma- 
nity, of  considerable  importance. 

Mr.  Dent  moved  the  order  of  the 


day  for  the  second  reading  of  the 
bill  to  abolish  bull-baiting. 

Sir  Richard  Hill  seconded  the  mo-» 
tiori,  in  a  speech  which  showed  a 
considerable  degree  of  feeling.  Af- 
ter some  very  forcible  arguments, 
drawn  from  that  degree  of  compas- 
sion and  merey  to  the  bnite  creation 
which  the  feelings  of  humanity  and 
the  precepts  of  the  gospel  equally 
prescribe,  he  read  some  extracts 
from  tlie  Bury  newspaper,  and  se- 
veral private  letters  from  the  most 
respectable  quarters,  to  prove  the 
degree  of  cruelty  which  was  ofte^ 
practised  on  those  animals,  to  give 
them  that  degree  of  fury  which  was 
necessary  to  wind  them  up  to  the 
state  fit  to  afford  the  most  amuse- 
ment at  their  baiting.  The  honour- 
able baronet  concluded  by  support- 
ing the  bill  very  strongly,  both  oa 
the  ground  of  humanity  and  reli- 
gion. 

Mr.  Windham,  in  a  v6ry  long  and 
able  speech,  opposed  tlie  second 
reading  of  tlie  bill.  He  said,  that 
the  practice  of  bull-baiting  was  dy- 
ing away  of  itself,  and  was  by  no 
means  universal  in  this  country  :  it 
required  no  legislative  interference, 
and  he  thought  the  discussion  of 
paltry  local  complaints  were  unwor- 
thy of  the  legislature  of  a  great  na- 
tion, and  more  particularly  so  at 
times  like  the  present,  which  called 
for  the  most  serious  attention  from 
that  house.  He  not  only  conceived 
this  discussion  entirely  beneath  the 
dignity  of  the  house,  but  objected 
to  the  manner  it  was  brought  for- 
ward and  supported,  it  had  beea 
considered  in  a  minute,  microscopic 
manner  5  and  the  sutler ings  of  the 
bull  appeared  the  only  object  which 
had  been  considered.  This  was  by 
no  means  a  fair  mode  of  judging. 
The  face  of  the  most  lovely  female 

M'oul4 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


169 


would  not  bear  this  sort  of  exami- 
nation ;  and  beauty  itself  would  ap- 
jtear  deformed,  if  microscopically 
examined.  There  were  two  great 
parties  united  in  this  attempt  to  re- 
form the  morals  of  the  people:  first, 
the  methodists,  who  wish  to  banish 
all  sports  and  joy  from  the  people, 
in  order  that  their  m'mds  may  be 
more  prepared  for  the  reception  of 
their  fanatical  doctrines  3  secondly, 
the  jacobins,  who  also  wished  to 
give  a  character  of  seriousness  and 
gravity  to  the  people,  that  their  at- 
tention might  be  easier  turned  to 
their  political  theories.  In  fact  those 
two  parties  seemed  now  to  be  united 
together,  to  banish  all  rural  sports, 
and  destroy  the  old  English  charac- 
ter. He  doubted  whetlier  a  bull- 
baiter,  or  a  sportsman,  had  ever  dis- 
tinguished himself  in  disaffection, 
or  as  a  member  of  the  correspond- 
ing society.  The  game  that  they 
hunted  was  kings  and  govern- 
ments. However  far  removed  me- 
thodism  and  jacobinism  might  ap- 
pear to  be  from  each  other,  yet  they 
mutually  prepared  the  mind  for  the 
reception  of  the  doctrines  of  the 
other  party.  He  then  contended, 
that  horse-racing  aud  hunting  were 
mor^  immoral  amusements  tlian  ei- 
ther boxing  or  bull-baiting.  At  a 
horse-race,  he  said,  there  was  al- 
ways collected  tlie  rabble  of  every 
neighbouring  town,  the  sharpers  ot 
the  metropolis,  markers  at  billiard 
tables,  apprentices  who  have  em- 
bezzled their  masters'  property  -,  in 
short,  hifamous  characters  of 'every 
description.  In  hunting,  the  animal 
that  Was  bunted  suffered  as  much  as 
a  bull  that  is  baited.  The. rich  have 
their  sports,  their  balls,  Uieir  parties 
of  pleasure',  and  their  pic  witV:  why 
were  tlie  poor  to  be  envied  every  en- 
JQyment  of  life  ?   And  yet  it  was 

3 


know:n  that  the  tones  of  an  organ 
did  not  otfend  so  much  the  ears  of 
a  puritan,  as  did  the  notes  of  a  fiddle 
those  of  a  magistrate  who  was  not 
himself  of  the  party.  The  whole 
neighbourhood  of  Berkeley-square 
was  thrown  the  other  night  into  the 
greatest  commotion  and  alarm,  at  the 
discovery  that  some  domestics  were 
assembled  at  a  neighbouring  public- 
house,  and  were  actually  dancing 
to  the  music  of  a  black  fiddler.  With 
what  different  feelings  did  Sterne 
enter  into  and  describe  the  amuse- ^ 
ments  of  the  lower  orders  of  society  ! 
After  denying  that  cmelties,-  such 
as  had  been  described,  were  usually 
practised  on  bulls  that  were  t6  be 
baited,  he  ridiculed,  with  great  force, 
that  delicate  and  feminine  compas- 
sion, and  tliat  methodistical  mercy, 
in  which  he  conceived  the  bill  to 
originate.  He  concluded  by  op- 
posing the  second  reading  of '  the 
bill. 

Mr.  Courtenay  replied  to  Mr. 
Windham,  in  a  speech  replete  with 
wit  and  humour.  He  could  not, 
however,  conceive  the  subject  tri- 
fling, when  the  right  honourable 
gentleman  had  so  clearly  proved 
how  many  advantages  result  from 
the  practice  of  buU-baiting  :  he  had 
shown  that  methodism  and  jacobin- 
ism were  both  kagued  against  the 
practice,  and  that  reform  had  been 
prevented,  and  the  constitution  sav- 
ed, by  the  continuance  of  it.  Surely, 
then,  the  house  could  not  hesitate  in 
tlirowing  out  the  bill.  He  had  also 
shown,  that  the  bull  has  a  pleasure 
in  being  baited,  and  expatiated  on 
the  great  merits  of  the  old  English 
breed  of  bull-dogs.  It  might  hap- 
pen, that  a  Corsican  bull  would  be 
some  time-  or  another  to  be  baited  \ 
in  such  case  the  enemies  of  the 
peace  would  have  fine  amusement, 

and^ 


170        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


find,  like  Spanish  kiiicihts,  mi;."^ht  as- 
snme  nrw  tides  on  the  approaching 
bnll-fidit.  Oiie  micHit  be  called 
Don  Plumlo^a  Lumlngo-,  another, 
the  Kni:;iit  of  the  Sorrowful  Coun- 
tenance, and  so  op.  He  conchidcd 
by  ironically  declaring,  that  from 
tho.^c  considerations  he  must  oppose 
the  biii. 

General  Gascoyne  considered 
l)uU-i):utincr  as  an  amusement  to 
Mhich  the  lower  class  was  entitled, 
and  a  suiycct  not  proper  for  the  in- 
terferen  :e  of  ilie  le-.^islature.  He 
wmn  sorry  to  sec  a  disposition  among 
Ilia"}'  members  of  the  house  to 
deprive  the  poor  of  their  reerea- 
jions,  and  force  ihem  to  pass  their 
time  chai:t:iivr  at  conventicles.  He 
hojK'.l  thij  measure  would  be  re- 
jeiM'xl. 

Mr.  Wilberforce  was  of  opinioxj. 
that  tl. is  amusement  fostered  e\  cry 
bad  a:id  base  principle  of  human 
nat'TCj  and  he  was  sorry  to  iind  it 
had  so  able  an  advocate  as  his  ri^ht 
honourable  fri:-nd.  He  had  made 
clilij;ent  inquiry^  into  this  practice, 
and,  fri)m  the  most  respectable  evi- 
dence, \\a.s  coir,  inced  that  hliock- 
ing  knbaritivrs  were  practiced  to 
give  the  bull  tl»;it  dcgrrc  of  ferocity 
which  was  necessary  for  the  amuse- 
mcnt  of  tlic  spectators.  Sometimes 
the  horns  were  sawed  oil*,  and  a 
punrent  liquid  p;.urcd  into  them  : 
at  other  times,  tire  was  used  to  sti- 
mulate their  exerdons.  "  Wretched 
indeed  niU>t  be  "Av.:  condition  of  the 
l(»wcr  orders  of  Kn^lishmen,  if  all 
their  happiness  was  confined  to  m-.cIi 
barbarities."  Sreh  a  libel  u|:on  tLo 
lower  orders  of  Englishmen  would 
be  a  strong  argumt  nt  indeed  fc^r  ja- 
cobins to  use.  It  has  been  a  re- 
ceived, andju^^tly  approved  of,  no- 
tion, that  die  most  brave  w(  re  usu- 
ally the  most  humane.    How  then 


coidd  it  be  supposed,  that  a  martial 
spirit  could  be  cultivated  by  a  prac- 
tice as  cowardly  as  it  was  cruel  ?  for 
in  this  savage  amusement,  the  bull 
is  tied  to  a  stake,  and  fights  under 
every  disadvantage.  He  was  asto- 
nished that  his  right  hono\u*abIe 
iriend  could  for  a  moment  have 
compared  it  to  horse-racing,  where 
the  animals  who  are  contending 
suiTer  nothing  at  all.  He  conceived 
tliat,  without  cruelty  or  savage 
anrascments,  the  people  of  England 
could  find  in  their  sports  and  athletic 
exercises  sufiicicnt  recreations ;  he 
therefore  was  a  friend  to  the  bill. 

Mr.  AVilliam  Smith  declared,  he 
thought  the  right  honourable  gen- 
tkman,  from  the  terrors  of  jacobin- 
ism, had  gone  as  wild  as  any  bull 
which  e\  cr  was  baited.  He  consi- 
dered buil-baiiirg  as  a  disgrace  to 
the  country;  as  a  practice  that 
tended  to  brutalize  the  lower  orders 
of  jeople  :  he  therefore  thought  it 
oiigju  as  soon  as  possible  to  be  abo- 
lished. 

Mr.  Newbolt  expressed  a  similar 


opuHon. 


Mr.  Frankland  spoke  at  consider- 
able length  against  the  bill.  He 
deprecated,  what  lie  conceived,  the 
too  freejucnt  appeals  made  to  the 
pa^^ieuis  of  the  hemse.  He  com- 
p.n\  d  this  sp</.t  of  the  vulgar  with 
the-  ^pe)rls  of  the  rich  :  he  instanced, 
panicnkuly, 'itag-hunting,  when  the 
animal  was  fed  and  pampered  up, 
noi  with  a  view  of  torture,  but  that 
it  might  yield  belter  sport.  It  often 
h<*piHri(d  that  the  stag  lost  his  life 
in  the  cha«-e :  sometimes  his  heart 
was  broken  j  at  other  tinier  the 
dogs*  would  fasten  upon  his  chest 
and  t(  ar  him  to  pieces  ^  and  yet  it 
would  be  a  libel  on  our  sovereign 
and  the  most  exalted  characters  in 
the  nation^    \q  call  thij»  a  savage 

Hport. 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE^ 


171 


Sport.  It  would  be  also  a  libel  on 
the  constitution,  which  had  pro- 
vided a  fixed  establishment  for  this 
purpose.  In  the  petitions  which 
were  presented  in  favour  of  this  biil_, 
he  could  not  but  observe  that  the 
wording  was  almost  exactly  tlie 
same,  and  tliat  there  were  a  great 
Dumber  of  Mollies  and  Jennies 
among  the  petitioners.  He  then 
followed  nearly  the  same  line  of 
argument  tha^  Mr.  Windham  had 
taken,  and  concluded  by  opposing 
the  bUl. 

Mr.  Sheridan  said,  h^  should  not 
have  spoken   on   the  question/ if  it 
^s  not  for  some  observations  which 
had  fallen  from  the  last  speaker. 
Heat  first  doubted  seriously  whether 
he  did  not  mean   to  oppose  the  bill 
in  the  same  ironical  way,    in  which 
it  had  been  opposed  by  a  friend  of 
his    (Mr.  Courtenay),  but   on  at- 
tending to  the  animation  with  which 
he    delivered    his   sentiments,    he 
discovered  that  he  was  serious.  One 
gentleman   (general  Gascoyne)*  had 
said,  that  bull-baiting  added  many 
recruits  totlie  army  in  Lancashire, 
and  increased  the  population  of  the 
country.      This   would  be   a  very 
good   argument  to  a  recruiting  ser- 
jeant,  but   a  very  bad  one   to  the 
house.     As  to  the  right  honourable 
gentleman's  (Mr.  Windham)    pro- 
nouncing the  subject  to  be  so  trifling 
as  to  be  unworthy  the  serious  con- 
.sideration  of  the  house,  if  he  had 
really  thought  it  so,  he  would  not 
have  deemed  it  necessary  to    make 
80  elaborate  a  speech  on   the   occa- 
sion :  a  speech  abounding  in  quota- 
tions from  all   authors  anfcient  and 
modern!       U  he  had  but  displayed 
as  much    ability,  address,  and  elo- 
quence,   in  the  discussion  on   the 
definitive  treaty,  he  would  probably 
QQt  have  been  ii^ft  in  so  small  a  mino- 


rity. He  felt,  indeed,  for  the  irri- 
tation of  mind  which  that  right 
honourable  gentleman  must  feel  on 
account  of  the  peace,  and  did  not 
wonder  at  his  endeavouring  now  to 
foment  a  war  between  tlie  dogs  and 
the  bulls.  It  was  a  little  astonish- 
ing, however,  that  that  right  honour- 
able gentleman,  who  had  considered 
the  subject  of  so  little  importance, 
should  yet  suppose  it  to  be  the  joint 
eftect  of  methodism  and  jacobinism, 
leagued  against  the  constitution. 
He  denied  that  there  was  any  simi- 
litude  at  all  bet<veen  this  savage 
amusement,  and  tliose  of  hunting, 
shooting,  or  fishing,  and  he  was 
not  surprised  at  hearing  an  honour- 
able advocate  for  the  practice  say, 
that  he  had  been  at  these  exhibitions 
over  and  over  again.  It  was,  indeed, 
necessary  to  be  a  frequent  spectator, 
in  order  to  be  inured  to  sucii  sights. 
Th^t  gentleman  had  added,  that  it 
was  not  for  the  sake  of  cruelty  that 
tlie  animal  was  tortured,  but  for 
sport.  It  was  of  little  consequence 
on  what  account  cruelty  was  prac- 
tised on  animals  5  whether  from 
beastly  appetite,  the  eifect  of  glut- 
tony ;  whether  from  •  mere  sport, 
or  from  downright  wickedness  :  the- 
animal  sulfered  equal  tortures  in 
every  case.  As  for  our  deriving 
useful  lessons  from  animals,  he  con- 
fessed it  was  often  tlie  case,  but  it 
was  from  animals  in  a  state  of 
nature,  and  not  of  torture  and  co- 
ercion.    You  may 

"  Learn  from  the  liule  Nautilus  to  sail,** 

biU  nothipg  but  barbarity  and  the 
most  savage  cruelty  could  be 
learned  from  the  system  of  bull- 
baiting  as  now.  practised.  Such 
practices  called'  for  legislative  in- 
terference, as  degrading  the  na- 
tional   character^    teudiiig  to  bm- 

taiize 


172         ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 


talize  ibe  people^  and  being  an 
olTence  cmtra  lonos  mores.  Whether 
/tnajpi-trnteii  hnd  by  the  existing  law 
a  pt)\vf  r  to  prev(*r.r  th«se  exhibitions 
of  criK  Ity  he  knew  n(;t,  but  thought 
it  time  to  apply  a  remedy  to  die 
evil. 

After  a  short  reply  from  Mr. 
T)ei)t, 

General  Gascoyne  rose,  and  moved 
as  an  amendment,  that  the  bill 
should  be  read  this  day  three 
months  j  whieii  amendment  being 
adopted  by  a  majority  of  thirteen, 
llie  bill  was  lost  for  tlie  session. 

On  the  27th  of  May,  a  debate 
took  place  in  the  house  of  commons 
on  Mr.  Cannings  motion  respecting 
ihc  cultivation  of  the  isle  otTrinidad. 

Mr.  Canning  began  his  speech  by 
mentioning,  that  having  bt-en  pre- 
vented from  giving  his  opinion  in 
parliament,  on  the  definitive  treaty, 
by  circumstances  which  it  was  not 
necessary  to  explain,  he  should  not, 
now  that  it  had  received  the  sanc- 
tion of  parliament,  attempt  to  give 
bis  ophiion  upon  it,  but  should 
confine  his  attention  to  considering 
how  to  make  the  best  of  the  peace 
we  have  concluded.  It  was  merely 
witl>  this  intention  that  he  had  now 
risen,  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
house  to  one  of  those  ini])ortant  ac- 
quisitions which  Wi;  had  retained, 
namely,  the  island  of  Trinidada. 
It  was  the  connection  between  that 
which  appeared  the  only  n^ode  of 
bringing  this  island  into  cultivation, 
and  the  opinion  which  the  house 
and  the  public  had  already  expressed 
on  tlie  African  slave  trade,  which 
firsi  turned  his  thoughts  to  this  sub- 
ject. If  the  whole  island  was  to  be 
at  once  brought  into  cultivation  by 
newly  imix)rted  negnn-s,  it  would 
prox.uce  an  extrn.if  i;  rt"  the  slave 
trade  to  a'dtgra,  \rl);^  !i  iv.'ist  jipp-U 


tlic  feelings  of  every  member  of  thai 
house.  He  divl  not  mean  on  tliat 
occasion  to  enter  into  a  long  dis- 
cussion on  the  slave  trade ;  he  should 
merely  refer  to  tlie  recorded  opinion 
of  that  house  upon  the  subject.  He 
neither  wished  to  depreciate  the 
\r.lue  of  Trinidada,  or  to  obstruct 
its  improvement.  He  did  not  wish 
to  embarrass  ilie  present  govern- 
ment by  tlie  diacussion  ;  but  he 
sliould  have  11  h  ii  his  duty,  under 
any  administration  that  could  exist, 
to  lay  before  parliament  those  im- 
portant considerations  which  ap- 
peared to  him  to  riow  from  the 
cultivation  of  newly  acquired  settle- 
ments  in  tlic  West  Indies.  M 
should  first,  however,  mention  thi« 
fact,  that  very  shordy  after  the 
signing  of  the  preliminaries,  a  paper 
was  circulated,  not  only  in  the 
city  of  London,  but  in  the  Leewarxi 
islands,  purporting  to  b^  a  copy  of 
the  plan  for  the  allotment  and  sale 
of  the  r.nclaimed  lands  in  the  island  : 
this  jviper  contained  such  a  descrip- 
tion ot  the  fertility  and  situation  of 
this  colony,  as  must  hold  out  strong 
temptations  to  the  monied  men.  A 
notice  was  also  given  in  that  house 
by  the  chancellor  of  the  exchequer, 
that  for  dcfravinc:  tlie  debt  of  the 
civil  list,  there  would  probably  be 
a  sajc  of  die  crown  lands  in  the 
West  India  islands.  Putting  these 
circumstances  together,  he  had 
taken  the  liberty  of  putting  a  ques- 
tion to  die  chancellor  of  the  ex- 
chequer in  that  house,  whether 
this  intention  extended  to  the  lin- 
claimed  lands  in  Trinidad.  Not 
having  received  any  explicit  answer 
to  tliat  (jue<tion,  he  saw  no  other 
course  than  to  submit  the  matter 
to  the  opinion  of  parliament.  He 
wished  to  prevent  the  immediatei 
and,  as  it  would    strike  him,    tlie 

improvident 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.  173 

B 

improvident  sale  of  the  lands  in  in  the  slave  trade  which  pleased 
Trinidad,  in  a  manner  which  must  them  for  its  own  sake.  With  those 
completely  frustrate  the  opinion  men  he  could  hold  no  argument: 
already  expressed  by  tliat  house  on  he  had  no  fellow  feeling  with  them  ; 
the  question  of  the  slave  trade.  He  the  constitutions  of  their  minds 
did  not  mean  in  the  slightest  degree  must  be  totally  different  from  what 
to  tpuch  the  slave  trade  as  it  now  his  was.  The  second  class  was 
exists, .  or  the  vested  interests  of  those  who  wished  for  a  total  repeal, 
the  Wfest  India  merchants  j  on  the  and  would  disapprove  of  what  ap- 
contrary,  he  wished  to  maintain  peared  to  them  to  be  only  half 
tliem  against  those  dangers  which  measures.  Only  l-25th  of  the 
he  thought  this  unlimited  extension  island  was  now  in  cultivation,  and 
of  the  5"Ve  trade  would  threaten  there  were  10,0CX)  negroes  there 
tbem  with.  There  were  two  distinct  already:  to  cultivate  the  whole  would 
points  to  which  he  should  direct  require  250^000,  at  a  moderate 
iiis  argument:  1st,  how  far  the  calculation.  Jamaica  contained  as 
house  is  pledged  not  to  adopt  any  many  in  1791  >  and  yet  the  number 
measure,  which  must  operate  to  a  of  acres  fit  for  sugar  were  less  than 
great  extension  of  the  slave  trade  3  in  Trinidada.  Jamaica  had  been 
and,  2d,  what  is  the  best  account  nearly  a  century  and  a  half  in  arriving 
to  which  Trinidada  could.be  turned  at  its  present  state  of  cultivation, 
in- every  view  of  colonial  and  na-  and  was  in  1763  in  nearly  the  same 
tional  policy  ?  In  arguing  on  the  state  as  Trinidad  at  present.  Above 
first  point,  he  desired  the  resolution  800,000  negroes  had  been  imported 
of  the  house  of  commons,  of  the  2d  into  Jamaica  during  that  time  ;  and 
of  April  179^»  '^o  be  read,  ''that  if  there  was  a  question  ofsuddenljr 
the  slave  trade  ought  to  be  gradually  cultivating  such  an  island  as  Trini- 
abolishcd  /'  as  also  the  address  of  dad,  we  must  make  up  our  mind& 
the  6th  of  April  1797 9  to  his  to  the  destruction  of  a  million  of  the 
majesty,  ''praying  that  he  would  human  species.  Besides,  in  a  military 
direct  such  measures  to  be  taken,  point  of  view,  Trinidad  would  tliea 
as  should  gradually  diminish  the  be  as  weak  as  any  other  West  India 
necessity,  and  lead  to  the  termina-  settlement,  where  the  population 
tion  of  the  slave  trade  ;"  together  would  be  as  much  to  be  dreaded  as 
with  his  majesty's  answer  to  that  the  invading  enemy,  and  would 
address,  **  that  he  would  give  di-  employ  as  much  of  o\ir  force.  He 
rections  accordingly."  He  then  wished,  on  the  other  hand,  thattliis 
very  forcibly  appealed  to  those  who  island  should  be  peopled,  not  by  an 
had  voted  for  that  resolution  and  immense  importation  of  slaves,  but 
that  address,  whether  they  did  not  by  encouragement  held  out  to  set- 
conceive  themselves  now  bound,  by  tiers,  w^hich  might  be  drawn  from 
their  former  solemn  resolutions,  to  the  meritorious  ranks  of  our  West 
interfere  against  a  measure,  tending  India  regiments,  ,and  also  from  the 
greatly  to  jncreasc  the  evil  then  free  blacky  and  Creoles  of  the  other 
complained  of.  He  could  not  ap-  islands.  Besides  those  sources  of 
prehend  any  difference  of  opinion,  a  new  population,  tliere  was  a  hardy 
except  from  two  classes  of  persons :  race  of  men,  who  annually  fre- 
Ihe  Ist^  those  who   saw  something  quanted  the  island  from  the  neigh- 

bourincr 


174        ANNUAL    R  E  G  I  ST  E  R,  1802. 


bouring  continent.  Those  men 
might  be  induced  to  settle  by  proper 
cncoura^^ement,  and  would  make 
a  hardy  militia  for  the  dt^feiice  of 
the  countr)'.  There  was  also  about 
1000  native  Indians  on  the  island, 
■which  would  lay  a  foundation  for 
a  native  population.  He  roncluded, 
by  moving  an  address  to  his  majesty, 
•*  praying  him  not  to  alienate  an/ 
of  the  uncleared  lands  in  Trinidad, 
unless  upon  tlie  condition  tliat  tliey 
■were  not  to  be  cultivated  by  ne- 
groes newly  imported  from  Africa." 
,  The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
said,  that  he  could  not  by  any  means 
agree  with  the  motion  of  the  ho- 
nourable gentleman,  and  yet  did  not 
wish  to  give  it  a  decided  negative. 
He  should  therefore  take  a  middle 
course.  The  honourable  gentleman 
Lad  mentioned,  that  he  was  induced 
to  turn  his  attention  to  this  subject 
by  two  reasons  :  Jst,  a  rumour  of 
4lie  plan  for  the  sale  of  these  lands  ; 
and,  2d,  a  kind  of  notice  which 
liad  fallen  from  him,  that  he  con- 
sidered as  a  confirmation  of  it.  As 
to  the  rumour,  he  could  assure  him 
that  it  had  never  reached  his  ears, 
and  as  to  what  was  considered  a 
notice  from  him,  of  the  intention 
of  disposing  of  all  the  crown  lands 
In  the  West  Indies,  he  never  thought 
of  I'rinidad,  at  the  lime  he  threw 
out  something  of  the  sale  of  lands  in 
the  West  Indies  ;  St.  Vincent's  was 
ilic  island  which  was  then  in  his 
con!cn)plation.  He  always  wished 
as  much  as  jwssible  to  increase  the 
>vhiteand  Creole  population  of  the 
West  Indies.  He  could  not,  how- 
ever, view  the  island  of  Trinidad  in 
any  other  light  than  as  connected 
with  our  Wt^st  India  possessions, 
taking  them  all  logclhtrj  and  in 
this  point  of  view  he  must  consider 
the  »lav<^  tiadcj  as  ap^'licd  to  tills 


island,  to  be  only  a  branch  of  (he 
general  question  of  the  slave  trade, 
which  the  honourable  gentleman 
had  left  to  sleep  for  many  years,  in 
which  he  sat  high  in  office,  and 
which  his  humanity  had  not  taken 
the  alarm  upon,  until  peace  threw 
this  valuable  island  into  our  posses- 
sion :  and  yet,  during  the  last  five 
or  six  years,  there  had  been  most 
considerable  importations  of  slaves 
into  St.  Lucia,  Martinique,  Dema- 
rara,  Essequibo,  and  Berbicey  places 
which  neither  the  honourable  gen- 
tleman, nor  his  colleagues  in  office, 
who  conducted  the  negotiations  at 
Lisle,  ever  expected  would  be  lefl 
by  the  peace  in  the  possession  of 
this  country,  whereas  this  island 
now  constimted  a  valuable  portiou 
of  the  British  empire.  As  to  the 
principle  of  the  resolution  of  the 
house  of  commor*«9  •!**  that  the 
blave  trade  should  be  graduaUy 
abolished,"  to  that  principle  he  pro- 
fessed himself  a  friend  now  as  much 
as  everj  but  it  must  be,confessed  that 
circumstances  had  occurred  in  the 
latter  years,  that  made  it  difficult 
to  act  upon  that  principle :  par- 
liament had  in  fact  not  forfeited  any 
pledge  they  had  given,  but  circum- 
stances had  occurred  which  inter- 
nipted  their  intentions.  As  to  the 
principle  of  tliat  resolution,  he  was 
convinced  that  the  present  motion 
would  by  no  means  tend  to  forward 
it,  as  suppressing  tlie  importation 
of  slaves  into  I'rinidad  would  only 
increase  the  importation  of  them 
into  other  parts  of  the  West  Indies, 
and  into  the  possessions  of  otlicr 
nations.  He  never  could  consider 
the  West  Indies  in  any  other  light 
but  as  taken  all  together,  in  which 
the  demands  of  the  European  market 
must,  and  for  ever  would  be,  sup- 
plied by  all  the  i&lands  taken  to- 
gether : 


HISTORY     OF    EUROPE; 


17^ 


gether:  if  then  you  should  enact 
that  no  slaves  should  be  imported 
into  any  one  particular  island,  the 
only  consequence  would  be,  tliat  a 
greater  number  would  be  imported 
'into  some  other  part  of  the  West 
Indies ;  not  a  negro  slave  tlie  less 
would  come  from  Africa,  but  the 
profits  of  tlieir  labour  would  enrich 
other  nations  instead  of  this.  The 
produce  of  St.  Domingo  has  been 
for  a  considerable  time  kept  back 
from  the  European  market  5  there 
was  therefore  a  necessity  for  an 
increased  cultivation  somewhere 
else ;  besides,  he  could  assure  the 
house,  from  letters  of  the  highest 
authority,  that  such  was  tlie  fertility 
of  this  island,  that  the  soil  would 
with  half  the  labour  produce  a  greater 
crop  than  any  other  West  India 
island  in  our  possession  5  so  that,  in- 
stead of  increasing  the  demand  for 
African  slaves,  the  cultivation  of  a 
soil  so  fertile  and  productive  would 
diminish  it.  He  strongly  hoped 
that  in  the  next  session  of  parliament 
.the  whole  question  would  be  brought 
Jbefore  the  consideration  of  the 
houses  not  as  respecting  Trinidad 
in  particular,  but  as  applicable  to 
the  whole  of  our  West  India  colo- 
nies. He  concluded  by  moving  the 
previous  question. 

Mr.  Canning  said,  that  by  the  decla- 
ration of  the  chancellor  of  the  exche- 
quer, it  appeared  that  government 
intended  to  take  the  Avhole  of  that 
great  moral  and  political  question, 
respecting  the  slave  trade,  into  their 
consideration,  he  should  therefore  for 
the  present  witlidraw  his  motion,  as 
this  declaration  of  the  intentions  of 
government  went  still  further  than 
the  immediate  object  of  his  mo- 
tion. 

Mr.  Wilberforce  then  rose  to 
>peak  on  the  ilave  trade  in  gene- 


ral, but  the  universal  impatience 
of  the  house  for  the  question  pre- 
vented his  being  heard  at  full 
length.  He  was  also  several  times 
called  to  order  for  digressing  from 
the  particular  qtiestion  into  general 
considerations  foreign  to  it. 

Mr.  Fuller  observed,  that  the  va- 
nity of  public  speaking  when  it 
was  quite  unnecessary  appeared  to 
him  to  be  the  most  absurd  of 
any. 

Mr.  Canning  then  obtained  leaves 
to  withdraw  his  niotion. 

Or)  the  5 1st  of  May,  upon  sir 
William  Scott's  moving  far  the  re- 
committal of  a  bill  he  had  brought 
into  the  house  of  commons,  for  tlio 
relief  of  the  clergy  from  vexatious 
prosecutions  under  tlie  statute  of 
Henry  the  EighUi, 

Mr.  Simeon  declared  himself  an 
opposer  of  the  biU,  on  the  ground 
of  its  changing  Uie  constitution  oi 
tlie  clergy,  and  vesting  an  enormous 
power  in  the  hands  of  the  bishops. 
It  gave  an  enormous  accession  of 
political  power  to  the  bishops,  and 
subjected  the  inferior  clergy,  if  not 
to  absolute  slavery,  at  least  to  a 
very  improper  degree  of  influence. 
If  the  situation  of  the  clergy  was 
to  become  a  matter  of  legislative 
interposition,  he  thought  the  dis- 
tresses of  the  inferior  classes  called 
principally  for  attention.  He  wish- 
ed that  the  finances  of  the  state 
could  afford  a  considerable  addition 
to  queen  Anne's  bounty,  in  order 
to  rescue  a  worthy,  learned,  and  la- 
borious order  of  men  from  ail  the 
evils  of  poverty. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
said,  that  the  necessity  of  this  bill 
arose  from  the  circumstance  of  a 
numerous  class  of  informers  having 
lately  started  up  and  having  begun 
to  Iiarass  the  clerg}'  by  vexatious 

prosecutions  ^ 


176        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

prosecutions  ;  it  was   therefore  ne-  He  thouglit  it  would  be  a  sufficient 

cpssary  now   to  protect   the  clergy  remedy  to  the  evils  complained  of, 

from  this  class  of  informers.     Ihe  if  it  was  left  to  a  jury  of  twelve 

house  had    already    acknowledged  men   to  pronounce  when  non-resi- 

the  necessity  of  some  bill  for  the  dence   was    "  wilful."     It  was,  in 

purpose,  and  now  the  piesent  bill  his  opinion,  from  the  misconstruc- 

was  brought  forward  by  a  gentle-  tion  of  that  word   that  all    those 

man,  of  most  distinguished  talents,  mischiefs  arose.     A  jury  could  de- 

who  had  directed  his  whole  mind  termine  every  particular  case  of  lion- 

and  his  experience,  which  so  emi-  residence  in   its   own  merits,    and 

nently  qualified  him  for  the  task,  must   be  supposed    less    liable    to 

to  the  preparing  such  a  bill.     He  partiality  or  undue  influence  than 

knew  it  was  matter  of  regret  to  his  any  one   man   in  the   situation  of 

right  honourable  and  learned  friend  bishop. 

(sir  William  Scott),  tlvit   he  could        The  Master  of  the  Rolls  difFcred 

not  blend  in  this  bill  the  relief  that  entirely    from     the  last     speaker, 

he  thought  ought  to  be  extended  to  and  declared  that  he  would  much 

the  inferior  orders   of  the  clergy,  rather  see  the*  statute  of  Henry  the 

He  felt  a  particular  esteem  for  die  Eighth  abolished   altogether,    than 

■whole    body    of   the    clergy,    and  that  the  enforcement  of  it  should 

wished  much    that   eveiy  one    of  remain  entirely  in  the  hands  of  in- 

them  should  be    possessed   not  of  formers.     He  thought  the  discipline 

affluence,  but  of  a  comfortable  com-  of  the  church  could  not  be  better 

petence.     On  this  subject  he  felt  so  placed   than  in   tlie  hands  of  the 

strongly,  that  he  was  convinced  that,  bishop.     What  would,  for  instance, 

however  wealthy  we  were  as  a  na-  become  of    the    discipline  of  the 

tion,  and  whatever   military  glory  army  and  navy,  if  they  were  ohljT 

"we    might   have    acquired,    unless  to  be  enforced  by  pecuniary  penal- 


we  had  a  clergy  among  us  superior  ties  in  a  court  of  law  ?  Besides, 

to  pecuniary  wants  and  above  indi-  the  law  now   stood,   a  clergyman 

gence,  something  would  still  be  want-  who  slept  in  the  parsonage  house, 

ing  to  our  happiness,   our  honour,  but  neglected  all  the  duties  of  his 

and  our  security.     The^e  considera-  function,  washable  to  none  of  those 
tions  were  however  of  such  infinite '  penalties  5  whereas   a  man  of   the 

importance,  that  they  could  not  be  most  exemplary  piety,  assiduous  in 

hastily  settled  5  he  hoped  that  future  the  discharge  of  all  the  derical  du- 

provisions  would  settle  them  on  a  ties    of    his    parish,  who  slept  in 

proper  basis :   it  could  however  be  any  otlier  house  but  the  parsonage^ 

no  objection  to  what  was  at  present  house,  would  be  liable  to  such  se- 

proposed,  that  in  future  something  vere  penalties  as  might  occasion  his 

now  might    be  done.     He   there-  utter  ruin.     Besides,  he  considered 

fore  trusted  the  house  would  per-  it  most  degrading   to    the    clergy 

mit   the    bill  to  go    into  a    com-  to  have  tlieir  residence  enforced  in 

mitlee.  the  same  compulsory  way  by  which 

Mr.  Taylor  disapproved  of  the  the  duties  on  gin  and  tobacco  were 

bill,  as  giving  too  much  power  to  levied,  by  the  assistance  of  common 

bishops,  and  as   entirely   repealing  informeis.     The  object  of  this  bill 

•the  statute  of  Henry  the  Eighth,  was  to  try  whether  the  discipline 

of 


y 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


177 


! 


'  of  the  church  could  be  carried  on 
by  means  of  tlie  constitntion  of  the 
church}  if  it  failed,  they  had 
it  at  all  times  in  their  power  to 
go  back  to  the  statute  of  Henry 
the  Eighth.  He  tlierefore  should 
support  the  bill. 

The  Attorney  General  considered 
many  parts  of  the  bill  to,  be  ex- 
tremely objectionable,  and  yet  he 
should  not  oppose  its  going  into  a 
committee.  Most  of  tlie  objections 
he  had  heard,  only  went  to  clauses 
which  could  be  amended  .in  the 
.committee/  and  did  not  touch  the 
^ principle  of  tlic  bill.  He  however 
by  no  means  believed  that  the 
clergy  were  generally  exposed  to 
those  severe  hardships  which  were 
stated.  The  fact  was,  that  it  had 
long  been  tlie  practice,  in  cases 
lirhere  many  penalties  were  sued 
for,  for  the  judge  to  charge  the 
jury -to  find  their  verdict  only  for 
one  or  two  of  tiiejn,  which  would 
not- pay  the  informer  the  expenses 
of  his  prosecution.  He  considered 
it  necessaiy  to  use  some  conipulsory 
method  to  oblige  the  clergy  to  reside 
on  their  benefices.  He  should, 
however,  vote  for  the  bill  going 
into  a  committee. 

Mr.  Windham  said,  the  evils 
which  the  clergy  stiffered  by  means 
of  those  prosecutions  w6re  allowed 
to  be  of  great  magnitude.  The 
house  had  in  the  last  session  ex- 
pressed this  opinion  by  suspending 
the  operations  of  the  statute  of 
Henry  the  Eighth.  For  his  part, 
instead  of  explaining  or  amending 
that  act,  he  should  rather  repeal  it 
altogether.  He  wished  much  that 
the  disrij)]inc  of  the  church  should 
be  confined  withui  itself,  and  on 
that  principle   was  a  friend  to  the 


Vol.  XLIV. 


The  question  for  the  house  going 
into  a  committee  upon  it  was  carried 
without  a  division. 

On  the  2d  of  June,  in  the  house 
of  lords,  the  attention  of  the  house 
was  also  called  to  the  same  sub- 
ject. - 

Lord  Grenville,  although  con* 
scious  that  in  point  of  form  it 
was  irregular  to  allude  to  any  thing 
which  passed  in  the  house  of  com- 
mons, yet,  as  it  was  notorious  to 
their  lordships  tliat  a  bill  was  now 
depending  there,  about  the  resi- 
dence of  the  clergy  on  tlieir  glebes, 
he  should  beg  leave  to  qffcr  a  few 
observations  on  that  subject.  The 
morality  and  virtue  of  the  people, 
which  were  tlie  principal  supports 
of  the  safety  and  honour  of  the 
state,  depended>  as  he  conceived, 
most  materially  on  the  respectabi- 
lity of  the  clergy,  for  the  possession 
of  which  respectability,  besides  the 
attentive  discharge  of  their  sacred 
functions,  it  was  necessary  that 
tliey  should  be  maintained  in  a  cer- 
tain degree  of  comfort  and  compe- 
tence. His  majesty's  laie  govern- 
ment, to  whom  he  had  the  honour 
of  .belonging,  had  considered  tiiis 
Subject  with  the  utmost  attention, 
and  for  a  number  of  years.  The 
residence  of  the  clergy  was,  in  their 
view  of  the  subject,  but  a  single 
branch  of  a  very  comprehensive 
subject.  He  could  state,  with  great 
confidence,  that,  from  the  attentive 
examination  of  the  subject,  which 
he  had  taken  in  common  with 
his  majesty's  late  ministers,  no- 
thing effectual  could  be  done  for 
the  placing  the  clergy  in  that  situa- 
tion of  respect  tliat  was.  due  to 
them  as  a  body,  and  which  they  well 
deserved,  *  until  a  fund  had  been 
created  for- the  augmentation  of,  tlie 
N  inconies 


178    •     ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


incomes  of  the  inferior  clergy,  and 
that  in  a  considerable  degree.     He 
understood,  from  the  l^st  authority, 
that  one  half  of  the  clerg\'  of  Eng- 
land did  not  derive  more  emolu- 
ment   than  50/.  per  annum  from 
their  beuefirrs,  and  more  than  lialf 
of  that  number  did  not  receive  more 
than    from    20/.    to   30/.    a   year. 
Whatever   might   be   the  financial 
gituation  of  the  count r)s  he  thunght 
it  could  not  be  so  bad  as  not  to  be 
able  to  afford  the  means  of  remu- 
ncratins:    those    who    laboured    in 
their  service.     He  thought  that  it 
would  be  indecorous  for  this  house 
to  proceed  to  tlie  discussion  of  the 
bill,  when  all  the  rcA  crcnd  prelates 
were  absent    at  their    visitations ; 
in    the    mean   time  he   thought  it 
would    be    hard    that    the    clergy 
should   be  exposed  to  be  harassed 
by    those  prosecutions :     he  should 
therefore  much  wish  that,  for  the 
present,    the    house    of  commons 
would  only  send  up  such  p  bill  as 
they  did   last  year,  for  suspending 
the    ojx^ration    of    the    statute   of 
Henr)'  ihc  Eighth,  and  let  the  bill 
for  permanent  regulations  lie  over 
till  next  session.     He  concluded  by 
apologizing  for  the  irregularity  of 
rising  without  making  any  specific 
motion,  l)ut  he  concei\cd  the  sub- 
ject of  such    importance,    that  he 
could  not  avoid  calling  the   atten- 
tion of  their  lordships  to  it. 

After  some  words  iVoni  thr  h^rd 
chancellor,  lord  Alvanky,  and  lord 
Siillnlk,  there  ha\ing  lHrnnos])c- 
cinc  motion  made  by  lord  Grcnvilie, 
the  house  proceeded  to  the  orders 
of  the  day. 

On  the  14th  of  June,  the  Chan- 
celK.'r  of  the  Exchequer,  in  a  com- 
mittee of  supply,  recapituiati:d  tliC 
fiaanciiil  operatioiiii  of  the  session. 


and  drew  the  following  comparison 
of  the  sums  voted  in  I801,  and  in 
the  present  ye^r.  I'hcrc  liad  been 
voted  in  the  year 

1501,  for  the  navy  19,012.227 

1 502,  for  ditto         1 1 ,0/3^83 


A  saving  of  nearly  8,000,000. 

1  SOI ,  for  the  army  1 8,997.^10 
1S02,  fc.r  ditto  10,906,414 

A  sa\ing  of  more  tlian  8,000,000 

Which  made  altogether  the  immense 
dil^Tence  of  nearly  1 6,000,000/. 
less  than  in  the  preceding  year,  as 
the  whole  sum  voted  for  the  last 
year  was  near  41,000,000/.  while 
that  voted  for  the  present  year 
hardly  exceeded  25,000,000/.  Af- 
ter congratulating  the  house  and 
the  nation  on  the  prosperous  state 
of  the  finances  and  commerce  of 
the  country',  after  so  long  and  ex- 
pensive a  war,  he  moved  the  first  re- 
solution in  the  committee,  for  rais- 
ing 5,000,000/.  by  exchequer  bills. 
1'his,  witli  the  other  resolutions  re- 
lative to  the  ways  and  means,  was 
pas^»ed  unanimously. 

Mr.  Corry,  on  the  same  day, 
after  entering  minutely  into  the 
detail  of  the  Irish  finances,  which 
had  not  yet  recovered  the  shock 
that  tlicy  had  received  firom  the 
late  rebellion  and  other  causes, 
conrhuled  by  moving,  as  the  addi- 
tional w:iys  and  means  fi>r  raisii)g 
the  supj)ly  necessary,  that  a  tax 
upon  exports  and  imports  should  be 
laid  on  in  that  country  similar  to 
what  exists  in  England.  He  cal- 
culated the  jModure  of  such  tax  at 
Cj(j,000/.  He  also  proposed  a  13X 
upon  Irish  tonnage,  which  he  /Cbti- 

mated  only  at  /Obo/. 

Mr. 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.      '    179 

Mr.  Forster  drew  a  melancholy  Earl  Suffolk,  in  the  house  of  lords, 
picture  of  the  declining  state  of  in  moving  for  certain  accounts  of 
manufactures  and  commerce  in  Ire-  the  capital  stock  and  bonded  debts 
land.  The  exports  had,  for  the  of  the  East  India  company,  took 
last  eight  years,  diminished  regu-  occasion  to  animadvert^  very  se- 
iarly,  while  tlie  imports  as  con-  verely  on  the  government  of  India, 
standy  increased.  The  linen  ma-  both  with  respect  to  the  nabob  of 
nufacture,  which  was  the  great  Arcot  and  of  Oude.  The  dominions 
staple,  was  rapidly  declining.  He  which  the  old  nabob  of  Arcot, 
censured  very  much  tliat  system  the  most  faithfiil  and  valuable  ally 
of  finance  in  Ireland  which  rested  we  had  in  India,  had  left  by  his 
princ^ally  on  the  encouragement  will  to  his  grandson,  of  about  thir- 
of  the  distilleries  and  the  consump-  teen  years  of  age,  were  now  occu- 
tion  of  spirits,  to  a  degree  which  pied  by  British  troops.  He  also  re- 
destroyed  both  the  morals  and  the  probated  the  conduct  of  the  British 
health  of  the  Irish  peasantry.  He  government  to  another  Indian  ally, 
also  disapproved  highly  of  the  ma-  the  nabob  of  Oude :  we  had  lately 
nagement  of  the  Irish  sinking  fund,  increased  his  contribution  from  fifty 
which  by  no .  means  gained  on  its  lacks  of  rupees  to  a  hundred,  and 
national  debt.  had  seized  a   considerable  part  of 

Mr.  Wickham  contradicted  the  his  territories, 
statements  of  the  last  speaker,  and  The  Earl  of  Dartmouth  declared 
insisted  that  both  the  revenues  and  he  had  no  objection  to  the  mc  ;on, 
the  trade  of  Ireland  were  recover-  but  he  considered  most  of  the  obser- 
ing  rapidly  from  those  temporary  vations  of  the  noble  lord  entirely  ir- 
injuries  which  they  had  received.  relevant  to  it,  and  by  no  means  re- 
Mr.  Corry  also  proved  that  the  gularly  brought  before  the  house, 
decrease  which  tlie  right  honour-  I'he  papers  moved  for  were  grant- 
able  gentleman   had   stated,    arose  ed. 

merely  from  temporary  causes,  and  Mr.  Sheridan,   in    the    house   of 
that  the  country  was  improving.  commons,  explained  his  reas*)fi3  tor 
Lord  Castlereagh  said,  that  if  the  not   pressing    ihe    motion    he   had 
sinking  fund  of  Ireland  was  not  so  given  notict.^  of  with  respect  t.»  the 
operative  as  that  of  England,  it  was  Carnatic.     He  thought  still  that  all 
merely  because  it  had  not  been  so  the  circumstances  attending  the  de- 
long  established,  position  of  the  nabob  of  Arcot  were 
After  some  further  observations  pregnant  witli    the    strongest   -us- 
from  different  gentlemen,  the  reso-  picions  against  the  conduct  and  mo- 
lutions  were  put  and  carried.  tives  of  thci  British  govt^.rnnnent  in 
From  this  debate  till  the  end  of  India.     They  were  tiiem^el\  es  the 
the  session  the  attention  of  parlia-  informers,    the  acciu>t:3,    ihe   wit- 
ment  was  principally   taken  up  in  nrsses,  and  the  judges  i;;  their  ov  -i 
common   routine    business.     There  cause,  and   in  conseqiicncc-,  of 
was  no  debate  of  any  consequeilce,  decisir)ii   they    themselves    -^a, 
and  almost  the  only  interesting  con-  the  forfeiture  or"  theyoiin?  '    : 
versatijn     which    took    place    was  dominions.      These   Linaui^i 
with- respect  to  the  conduct  of  our  by  themselves,  demanded  the 
government  in  India.  explanation,  but  when  it  was    . 


attached  to  the  n         and  ^ 
persons  who  loimcu  nis 
government  in  that  countr 

The  petition  was  tlicn 
and  0' 

Mr 


180         ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1803. 

that  the  necessary  information  had 
not  yet  arrived  from  India,  to  en- 
able the  house  to  form  a  right  judg- 
ment, then  be  fclt  himself  precluded 
from  piessingthe  busii:eas  further  at 
present.  He  concluded  by  moving, 
"  that  the  petition  he  held  in  his 
hand,  from  the  regents  of  the  Car- 
natic,  be  received,  and  do  lie  upon 
tliP  table." 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
at  first  hesitated  whether,  in  point 
of  form,  a  petition  from  men  styling 
themselves  "  the  regents  of  the  Car- 
natic,"  could  be  received  in  point 
of  form,  but  (upon  Mr.  Sheridan's 
saying,  he  proposed  the  petition  as 
coming  frohi  subjecta  of  the  British 
power  in  India)  he  waved  any  fur- 
ther opposition ;  but  obsert^l,  that 
he  by  no  means  found  any  thing  in 
the  documents  now  before  the  house, 
to  impute  criminality  to  the  British 
government  in  India;  and  he  was 
inclined  to  believe,  thai  when  the 
subject  could  be  fully  examined,  it 
would  be  found  that  no  btame  at  all 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


181 


CHAP.     XIV. 

Proclamation  of  Peace, — Illuminations.'^  Death  of  Lord  Kenyon — Cha" 
racier, — Rewards  to  Dr.  Jenner — to  Mr,  Great  head— and  to  Lord 
Hutchinson. — Celebration  of  Mr.  Pitt's  Birth  day. — Proclamation  for 
a  new  Parliament. — Election— for  Notti?igham,  and  Coventry — JVest^ 
minster,  and  Middlesex. — Delay  in  the  French  J^mbdssy  to  England.'-^ 
Appointment,  as  Ambassadors,  of*  Lord  JVhitworth  and  General  Andreossy, 
on  the  Parts  of  England  and  France. — Discontonts  between  those  Coun^ 
tries — Causes  alleged  on  both  Sides, — Discovery  of  Colonel  Despard's 
Plot. — General  Reflections, 


PEACE  was  proclaimed  in  tlie 
cities  of  London  and  West- 
minster on  the  29th  of  April,  and 
notwithstandinsc  that  the  ardour  witli 
which  the  preliminary  articles  were 
received  was  considerably  abated,  by 
the  insidious  conduct  of  France,  dur- 
ing the  interval  which  had  elapsed 
since  that  period,  yet,  generally 
speaking,  the  most  lively  sensations 
of  joy  were  excited  on  the  present 
occasion.  Illuminations  of  the  most 
splendid  nature  succeeded  the  cere- 
monial processions  of  the  day. 
The  house  of  the  French  minister* 
(Mr.  Otto),  the  bank  of  England, 
the  public  offices,  and  the  theatres, 
were  particularly  distinguished  for 
the  taste  and  brilliancy  of  their  de- 


corations, and  very  few  aCcidenta. 
occurred  to  damp  or  disturb  the  joy 
and  harmony  of  the  scene.  The 
evening  too  was  favourable,  and 
the  streets  dry  and  comfortable  for 
the  immense  concourse  of  pedes- 
trians. 

The  repeal  of  the  income  tax, 
which  nearly  accompanied  the  above 
joyful  event,  was  another  source  of 
happiness  to  the  public ;  and  the 
accession  of  Sv/eden  and  Denmark 
to  the  convention,  concluded  between 
his  majesty  and  the  court  of  Russia 
in  March  1801,  and  which  formally 
put  an  end  to  the  northern  con* 
federacy,  was  fresh  cause  of  popu- 
larity to  the  minister,  and  of  satis- 
faction to  the  people.     Thus,  by  a 


♦  It  may  be  worth  while  here  to  mention,  as  characteristic  of  the  nationstl  feeling  and 
character,  a  circumstance  which  occurred  (U  few  days  before  the  general  illumination) 
at  the  house  of  this  gentleman  in  Portman  square  :  attracted  by  the  preparations  for 
the  magnificent  display  which  afterwards  took  place,  the  mob  took  notice  that  the 
word  Concord  was  put  in  coloured  lamps  over  Ihc  door;  the  reading  of  John  Bull, 
however,  was  conquered,  and  his  inference,  that  England  was  Qonquered hy  France; 
disturbance  and  riot  were  about  to  commence,  when  Mr.  Otto,  after  some  fruitless 
attempts  at  explanation,  prudently  conceded,  and  substituted  the  word  Amity.  But  it 
did  not  end  here,  for  some  sailors  found  out  that  G.  R.  was  not  surmounted  as  usual 
by  a  crown  :  this  they  peremptorily  insisted  should  be  done,  and  a  lamp-formed  diadem 
was  immediately  put  up. 

.  N  3  iingylar 


182         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

iiPT'Jar  acd  fortunste  coincidence,  of  the  law  c!e2r  from  the  base  and 

v.hic:i  IrA'^td  almost  appeared  lo  be  sordid  practices  of  the  unprincipled 

the-  ':r''c.  t  c'f  unccnimon  good  nia-  atiomies   of    his   own  court ;    his 

n27  rr.^r.i,  tLe^^j  pa'.pr.ble  and  fatal  persevering  and  ardent  zeal  in  the 

CTT'  r^,  ^'  liic:   we  have  carefully  and  repression  of  adulter)-  and  seduction, 

minutely  pointed  out  in  the  several  crime*  which  felt,  on  all  occasions, 

an i -lea  both  of  the  Russian  conven-  the  rigour  due  to  such  breaches  of 

ticn  and  the  treaty  of  Amiens  were  morality  and  the  laws  of  society, 

ovcrl'^xjked,    and  obscured  in    the  durbig  his  long  administration  of  the 

blaze  of  satisfaction  and  joy  which  justice   of  the   country ;     and   the 

en  bf,th  those  occasions  pen  aded  the  strictness  with  which  he  punished 

publicirind;  first,  in  most unexpect-  gamblers  of  eveiy  description,  will 

cdi}'  finding  the  preliminaiy  articles  long  be  remembered  as  conspicnous 

of  pea..-e  actually  signed,  and  next  features  of  his  fourteen  years  high 

in  seeing  the  burden  of  the  odious  and  honourable    discharge  of   the 

income  tax  remo\'ed,  and  the  hostile  great  public  duty  committed  to  his 

principle  of  the  armed  neutrality  for  hands.     In  short,    to  borrow  the 

e\er  abandoned.  The  triumph  there-  words   of  a  distinguished    writer, 

fore  of  Mr.  Addington's  popularity  "  He  was  profound  in  legal   dis- 

was  complete  3  nor  did  there,  at  this  quisition,  patient  in  judicial  discri- 

n»oment,  appear  any  probability  of  mination,  and  ofthe  most  determined 

the  peace  of  Europe  being   again  int^rity.     He  never,  on  any  occa-^ 

speedily  disturbed.  sion,   sacrificed   his   official   to  bis 

The  death  of  lord  Kenyon,  lord  parliamentary  character.  The  sphere 

chief  justice  of  England,  which  took  of  his  particular  duty  was  the  great 

place  on  the  fifth  of  April  in  this  scene  of  his  activity,  and  though  as 

year^  may  be  considered  as  a  public  a    lord    of   parliament    he    never 

calamity,  and  merits  particular  men-  lessened  his  character,  it  was  as  a 

tion.     His  lordship,    after  having  judge  that  he  sought  to  aggrandise 

filled  up  the  great  law  offices  which  it." 

usually  precede  the  high  situation  he  On  the  3d  of  June  the  public 

afterwards  attained,  was  Appointed,  were  highly  gratified  by  the  muni- 

in  the  year  1/88,  the  successor  t)f  the  ficence  of  parliament  in  their  vote 

venerable  and  distinguished  earl  of  of  10,000/.   to  doctor  Jenner,  the 

jVIansfield  (who  had  presided  over  the  discoverer  of  the  vaccine  inocula-v 

court  of  king*s  bench  neariy  thirty-  tion ;  and  who  had,  in  the  spirit  of 

two  years),  and  thus  became  a  dis-  the  truest  philanthropy,  made  it  pub* 

tingui shed  example  of  what  may  be  lie,  without  stipulating  for  fee  or 

attained  by  persevering  industry,  in  reward.     The  conmiittee  to  whom 

the  exercise  of  genuine,  though  not  this  matter   was  referred    left    no 

showy  talent.    Nor  did  he  perhaps,  means  dntried  to  procure  cases  hos- 

upon  the  whole,  ho^^•ever  inferior  tile  to  the  elficacy  of  this  noble  in- 

in  genius  and  eloquence,    fall  far  vention,  but  in  every  instance  the 

short  of  his  truly  great  predecessor  result  was  highly  satisfactor}'.     In 

in  his  magisterial  and  judicial  capa-  France,    in    Russia,   and  even    in 

city.     His  laudable,  firm,  and  sue-  Turkey,  were  to  be  found  sufficient 

cessful  efforts  to  keep  the  channels  testimonies  of  its  being  introduced 

with 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE, 


183 


with  the  most  unequivocal  success  5 
and  the  favourable  report  of  the 
committee  established  the  discovery, 
in  the  mind  of  every  rational  man, 
as  one  which  would  in  its  operation 
completely  eradicate  that  dreadful 
disorder  the  small  pox  5  which  (not- 
withstanding the  check  it  received 
by  the  ordinary  mode  of  inoculation) 
still  continued,  its  ravages.  So 
highly  impressed  were  the  most 
distinguished  members  of  the  house 
with  the  merit  of  Dr.  Jenncr,  and 
tlie  importance  of  the  discovery, 
that  20,000/.  Avas  proposed  as 
more  adequate  to  the  expression  of 
public  gratitude.  But  tliis  sum  was 
opposed  by  the  minister,  who  of 
coarse  carried  the  iirst  proposition, 
though  but  by  a  majority  of  three ! 
Nor  should  in  this  short  statement 
the  name  of  admiral  Berkeley  be 
omitted,  on  whose  motion  the  re- 
muneration was  accorded.  From  the 
first  development  of  the  system,  he 
had  distinguished  himself  as  the 
friend  and  patron  of  Dr.  Jenner, 
had  brought  his  discovery  forward 
to  notice  through  the  mediur)i  of 
his  higii  rank  and  great  connections 
pressed  it  upon  the  attention  of  the 
nation  by  procuring  the  unanimous 
approbation  of  parliament  to  tlie 
discoverer,  and  now  finally,  by  mov- 
ing for  this  testimony  of  the  public 
approbation  and  gratitude,  so  ho-> 
nourable  to  itself,  and  so  justly  due 
to  the  individual,  completed  his 
beneficent   and  laudable  exertions. 


Nor  will  this  particular  notice  be 
deemed  irrelevant,  if  we  consider 
how  many  noble  discoveries,  liow 
many  useftil  inventions,  have  been 
stifled  in  the  birtli  j  how  many  in- 
genious men  have  been  lost  to 
the  world  for'\\aiit  of  the  protec- 
tion of  a  disinterested  and  zealous 
patron,  such  as  the  noble  peison  we 
ha\  e  alluded  to  has  proved  himself 
to  Dr.  Jenner ;  nor  will  he  be  witli- 
out  die  meed  of  his  meritorious 
conduct,  for  surely  to  be  handed 
down  to  posterity  with  his  name 
indissolubly  linked  to  that  of  Jen- 
ner, the  friend  aiid  benefactor  of 
the  human  race  ;  as  his  patron  and 
protector,  will  be  a  source  of 
the  most  exquisite  and  sublime  gra- 
tification, and  amply  repay  him  for 
his  unceasing  efforts  in  the  cause 
of  humanitv  and  friendship. 

On  the  same  day,  and  under  a 
parity  of  circumstances,  (a  larger 
sum  being  universally  proposed  as 
more  commensurate  with  the  merits 
and  utility  of  the  invention,  but 
opposed  by  the  minister,)  a  sum  of 
1200/.  was  voted,  for  the  invention 
of  the  life  boat*,  to  Mr.  Great- 
head,  by  which,  as  it  appeared  from 
the  assertion  of  a  respectable  mem- 
ber, 500  lives  had  been  already 
saved  to  the  community. 

And  on  the  eleventh  his  majesty 
was  pleased  to  bestow  a  signal  mark 
of  his  royal  favour  and  approba- 
tion upon  lord  Hutchinson,  by 
granting  him  a  net  annuity  of  two 


*  The  following  description  of  the  life  boat  will  perhaps.be  interesting  to  our  readers : 
'*  Its  form  is  that  of  a  long  spheriod,  thirty  feet  in  length  by  twelve  feet  over;  either 
end  pointed,  and  thus  calculated  to  row  both  ways,  an  oar  serving  the  purpose  of  the 
helm  ;  about  eighteen  inches  bel®w  the  gunwale  a  strong  lining  of  cork  cover*  the 
whole  of  the  inside,  which  gives  the  boat  such  a  buoyancy  as  enables  it  to  live  in  any 
water.  'The  crew  usually  consists  of  twenty  men,  and  the  capacity  of  the  boat  enables 
it  to  receive  about  ten  more.**  Mr.  Henry  Greathead  was  the  original  constructor,  a 
fiaiivc  of,  and  a  ship- carpenter  at,  South  Shields. 

N  4  thousand 


184         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


thousand  pounds  for  his  own  Ufe» 
and  for  the  lives  of  the  two  next 
male  heirs  of  his  body  to  whom 
the  title  should  descend.  These 
very  popular  acts  gained  a  consider- 
able portion  of  the  public  approba- 
tion. 

Tlie  attempt  made  in  the  house 
of  commons  to  sully  the  fame  and 
character  of  Mr.  Pitt,-  and  its  ill 
success,  has  been  already  detailed  5 
but  his  friends  were  not  satisfied 
\vith  this  triumph :  respect  for  his 
virtues  and  gratitude  for  his  public 
services  universally  prevailed,  and 
■was  most  generally  felt;  mider 
these  impressions  a  subscription  for 
tlie  purpose  of  erecting  a  statue  of 
him  was  set  on  foot,  and  was  almost 
immediately  filled  to  a  considerable 
amount.  But  at  his  instance,  who 
v^ould  not  receive  such  honours  in 
his  life  time,  and  on  maturer  con- 
sideration, the  sum  so  raised  was 
vested  in  the  public  fiinds  in  tlie 
name  of  trustees,  to  accummulate 
till  his  demise,  and  then  to  be  ap- 
propriated to  the  fulfilment  of  the 
original  intention.  But  although 
checked  upon  this  occasion  in  ma- 
nifesting their  admiration  and  gra- 
titude, his  friends  found  another 
mode  of  publicly  expressing  those 
sentiments.  His  birth  day  occur- 
ing  on  the  29th  of  May,  near 
nine  iiundred  of  tlie  most  respect- 
able personages  of  the  empire,  for 
jrank,  character,  and  opulence,  as- 
sembled at  Merchant  Taylor's  haU 
for  the  purpose  of  celebrating  it, 
and  never  perhaps  was  there  wit- 
nessed on  any  similar  occasion  so 
much  enthusiastic  and  zealous  at- 
tachment to  any  individual,  of  what- 
ever rank  and  station,  as  on  this 
<M:c^ion.     And  thus  in  his   retire- 


ment from  public  trust  and  situation, 
with  scarcely  a  competency  to  exist 
upon,  did  this  great  man  receive 
the  most  flattering  and  acceptable 
homage  ever  otFered  tc  superemi- 
nent  abilities  and  integrity ! 

Parliament  having  been  dissolved 
speedily  after  the  close  of  the  last 
session,  proclamation  was  made  on 
the  2yih  of  June  for  tlie  assembling 
a  new  one,  and  writs  were  issued, 
accordingly  for  the  election  of  mem- 
bers, and  which  were  made  return- 
able on  the  31st  of  the  following 
Auscust. 

The  state  of  the  different  con- 
tests which  ensued  in  the  ordinary 
struggle  for  representation  may  be 
seen  in  another  pact  of  tliis  work  *; 
generally  speaking,  they  were  not 
numerous,  nor,  except  in'  some 
few  instances,  carried  to  any  great 
length  ;  but  those  for  Nottingham, 
Coventry,  Westminster,  and  Mid- 
dlesex, deserve  particular  notice,  not 
only  on  account  of  some  remark- 
able circumstances  which  severally 
belonged  to  them,  but  because 
it  was  in  those  stniggles  where 
that  dangerous  spirit  of  opposition 
between  high  and  low,  rich  and 
poor,  gentleman  and  mob,  was 
eminently  conspicuous.  In  those 
places  the  scattered  and  dying  em- 
bers of  jacobinism  were  raked  to<* 
get  her,  and  every  etfort  made  to 
fan  tliem  into  flame. 

At  the  two  former  places,  the . 
mob  were  guilty  of  atrocities  and 
violences  unprecedented ;  at  Not- 
tingham particularly  the  rabble 
unequivcM:ally  manifested  their  re-^ 
volutionaiy  principles.  The  trico- 
loured  cot^kade  w  as  chosen  as  their 
favourite  emblem  j  their  musiq 
Wcis  the  Marseillois  Hymn,  Ca  tra^ 


*  Viae  <«  Chromcle  for  July,"  &c. 


aodi 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE, 


ins 


«nd  other  notorious  republican  tunes; 
and  some  reports  even  went  so  far 
as  to  state  that,  at  their  triumphal 
procession  in  honour  of  the  suc- 
cessful candidate,  a  female  figure, 
representing  the  goddess  of  Reason, 
in  a  state  of  absolute  nudity,  was- 
conspicuous !  In  short,  the  •pro- 
ceedings of  tha  major  part  of  the 
inhabitants  upon  this  occasion  were 
such  as  loudly  to  call  for  the  in- 
tervention of  the  legislation  either  to 
impose  some  qualification  of  the 
mode  of  election,  or  perhaps,  by  total 
disfranchisement,  to  prevent  such 
disgraceful  scenes  for  the  future. 

The  Westminster  election  afford- 
ed an  useful  lesson  to  those  who 
were  in  tlie  habit  of  caressing  and 
flattering  the  passions  of  the  mul- 
titude, and  who  considered  their 
support  worth  the  laying  aside  every 
honourable  distinction  that  society 
could  confer.  On  the  first  day  of 
the  election,  a  man,  without  any 
qualification  of  rank,  property,  re- 
spectability, or  talents,  offered  him- 
self as  a  proper  person  to  represent 
the  inhabitants  of  the  first  city  ia 
the  world  in  parliament:  upon  every 
former  occasion  some  or  otlier  of 
these  qualities,  combined  with  what- 
ever principle  they  might,  were 
deemed,  both  in  tlieory  and  practice, 
indispengable  requisites  for  this  high- 
ly prized  situation ;  now,  the  total  ab- 
sence of  all  of  them  seemed  to  be 
the  sole  ground  on  which  the  per- 
sonage we  allude  to  took  his  stand, 
nor  were  the  multitnde  insensible 
to  this  singular  and  novel  species 
of  pretension.  In  the  course  of  a 
severe  contest,  which  terminated 
however  in  favour  of  the  old  mem- 
bers, Mr.  Fox  and  admiral  Gardiner, 
Mr.  Graham,  the  unsuccessful  can- 
didate, had  polled  3207  votes  !  In- 
deedj^-  so  com|)letcly  did  he  engross 


the  popular  favour,  that  their  fonoer 
idol,  Mr.  'Fox,  was  completely  de- 
serted, nor  did  he  at  the  termina- 
tion of  the  poll  receive  the  custom- 
ary homage  of  being  chaired  and 
carried  in  procession  by  tliose  foe 
whom  he  had  so  repeatedly  sacri- 
ficed his  dignity,  consequence,  and 
feelings.  -To  him  who  had  been 
emphatically  called  tJie  '*  Man  of 
die  People,"  such  caprice  and  ne- 
glect must  have  been  abundantly 
mortifying;  nor  can  it  fail,  uj^oa 
a  mind  like  his,  to  produce  tlie 
most  salutary  effects. 

But  where  whatever  remained  ia 
the  country  of  the  spirit  of  jaa^ 
inism  was  most  conspicuous,  wiieie 
it  assumed  its  most  mischievous 
and  marked  tendency  to  throw  off 
all  disguise,  and  openly  to  assume 
the  revolutionary  tone  and  principles, 
was  at  Brentford,  during  the«^^olft 
for  the  county  of  Middlesex,  Sir  F. 
Burdett,  the  new  candidate,  who 
pointed  his  opposition  gainst  Mr« 
Mainwaring,  an  active  and  praise- 
worthy magistrate,  was  the  object  of 
the  popular  favour  ^  which  indeed  be 
claimed,  and  perhaps  merited,  by  his 
repeated  addresses  to  tliem,  in  whicb 
they  were  reminded  of  their  '*  so-  ' 
vereiguty,'*  of  their  '*  rights,"  and 
of  his  determination,  by  every  means 
tin  his  power,  to  procure  them  "  a 
fair  and  equal  representation  in  par- 
liament.'* However  specious  thia 
last  phrase,  its  true  meaning  and 
signification  cannot  be  mistaken,  -^ 
when  it  is  i*ecollected  that  it  haa 
been  long  the  watch-word  of  the 
societies  and  individuals  who  have 
openly  professed  republican  and  re- 
volutionary^ tenets  ^  of  the  consti- 
tutional and  corresponding  associ- 
ations, and  of  the  Tookes,  the 
Hardyis,  the  Thel walls,  and  the 
-O'Conngrs.    Of  tho^e  societies  h^ 

-  bad 


186 


ANNUAL     REGISTER,    1802. 


had  been  a  principal,  of  those  in- 
dividuals the   intiinatr.      The  pri- 
mar)'  object,  however,  with  those, 
whoever   they    were,    who  wished 
to  render    the  Middlesex    election 
subservient  to  the  vxorst  purposes, 
was  to  point  tlie  indignation  of  the 
mob  against  a  prison  of  the  metropo- 
lis, which  was  designated  upon«e\ery 
occasion  by  the  odious  appellation, 
**  I'he  Bastjle. '  The  very  obvious  as- 
sociation  with  this  term,  of  the  fate 
of  its  prototype  3  the  revolution  of 
France,  which  succeeded  it,  and  to 
which,  perhaps,  it  contributed  more 
than  any   other  incident  j  and  the 
total  subversion  of   the  monarchy, 
leaves  little  doubt  of  the    motives 
in  which  the  appellation  originated  ; 
and  the  subsequent  conduct  of  the 
multitude,  agitated  by  such  acts  al- 
most to  frenzy,  proved  too  clearly 
the  efficiency  of  such  means,  act- 
ing on  the  prejudices  and  passions 
of  an  infuriated  mob.     Each  day  of 
the  election  was  marked  by  scenes 
of  seditious  disorder,  such  as  never 
before  disgraced  this  countly.     In- 
sults   of   the    most    atrocious   na- 
ture, accompanied  by  menaces,  and 
in  many  instances  personal  violence, 
were  offered    to  Mr.  Main  waring 
and  his  friends  ;  and  even  the  life 
of  the  former  endangered.     At  the 
hustings,  this  gentleman  was  con- 
stantly the  object,  the  unprotected 
object  of  the  grossest  personal  abuse. 


Flags,  w-ith  revolutionary  emblems, 
and  **  No  liastile,"  were  flown  on 
the  part  of  the  popular  candidate  ; 
and  it  was  thought  proper,,  the  more 
to  irritate  the  mob,  to  exhibit,  ds 
claiming  their  commiseration  and 
assistance,  a  man  raised  above  the 
crowd  laden  with  chains,  languish- 
ing, and  at  length  sinking,  under 
the  punishment  supposed  to  have 
been  intiicied  upon  him  by  a  mer- 
ciless jailor !  At  length,  however, 
by  a  circumstance  as  extraordinary 
as  unexpected*,  this  scene  of 
shamcfiil  disorder  and  confusion 
was  brought  to  a  close,  and  sir 
Francis  Burdctt  was  carried  in  tri- 
umphal procession  on  the  shoulders 
of  his  fast  friends  and  supporters^, 
who  bore  him  to  the  palace  of  his 
sovereign,  before  the  gates  of  which 
a  band  of  music  regaled  them  with 
the  well-known  revolutionary  air  of 
Ca  Ira. 

Painful  and  disagreeable  as  it  has 
been  to  us  to  relate  those  shameful 
scenes,  we  have  yet  considered  it  a 
duty  to  detail  what  we  cannot  but 
consider  as  the  last,  though  mighty,' 
convulsive  struggle  of  the  monster, 
jacobinism  5  and  we  are  the  more 
confirmed  in  this  opinion,  as  we 
witnessed  the  deep  detestation  of 
the  country  at  large,  and  the 
utter  abhoiTence  and  discountenance 
these  atrocities  met  with  in  all 
other  quarters  in  which  they  were 


*  The  fact  alluded  to  is  this  : — Near  400  people  were  in  joint  possession  of  about  a 
quarter  of  an  acre  of  ground,  on  which  they  had  begun  to  erect  a  flour  mill ;  their 
right  in  it  was  purchased  in  shares  of  the  value  of  two  guineas  each.  Three  hundred 
and  Seventy-two  ot  those  proprietors  were  admitted  by  the  sheriffs  to  poll  for  sir  Francis 
Jiurdett,  each  swearing  that  iic  was  pos*^esscd  of  a  freehold  of  the  clear  yearly  value  of 
4(Js.  and  had  been  in  the  actual  possession  thereof,  ise.  &c.  for  twelve  calendar  months 
before  the  flection.  It  must  further  be  remarked,  that  on  this  patch  of  ground  the  mill  • 
"was  yet  unfinished,  no  regular  conveyance  ot  it  made,  the, purchase-money  of  it  unpaid, 
and  no  prolit  whatsoever  from  it  yet  derived  to  the  owners  !  No  doubt  parliament  will 
be  to  decide  on  the  Icgnlity  of  such  vorcs;  but  sliould  they  be  admitted,  theic  can 
bcre^ter  be  little  doubt  as  to  the  ri^ht  of  universal  suffrage.  » 

attempted  J 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.        1st 

attempted  5  nor  is  there  a  doubt  but  of  deportnient,   or  endowed  with' 

that  the  exertions  of  the  legislation  more  conciliating  mannersf  thtm  his 

to  cure  those  evils  which  had  al-  lordship  5    nor  were  his  diplomatic 

together    arisen    from    this  uncon-  abilities  inferior  to   his  exterior  ad- 

troUed  licentiousness,  and  to  pre-  vantages.      Mr.   Talbot,    who  had 

vent  the  recurring  of  such  on  fu-  accompanied   lord  Malmesbury   to    » 

ture  occasions,  would  meet  with  the  Paris  in  the   year    179^)  and  had 

concurrence,  approbation,  and  gra-  since  been  officially  employed  with 

titude  of  the  whole  empire.  the  highest  reputation  in  Switzer- 

The  public  began  now  anxiously  land,  Germany,  and   Sweden,  was 

to  look  for  the  arrival  of  the  French  appointed  his  majesty's  secretary  of 

ambassador,  and  for  the  departure  the  embassy.  , 

of  lord  Whitworth,  who  was   ap-        The   nomination  of  the   French 

pointed  to  fill  that  important  situa-  ambassador  liad  taken  place  nearly 

tion  at  the  first  consul's  court  on  at    the    same    time.      Bonaparte'* 

the  part  of  England.     Nor  could  it  choice  fell  on  general  Andreossy,  a 

be  satisfactorily  accounted  for,  why  natn  e  of  l^ariguedoc,  distinguished  " 

any  delay  should  have  arisen  in  this  as  a    military  and    civil    engineer 

ordinary   diplomatic    arrangement,  under  the  monarchy,  and  who  had 

and  to  which  no  difficulties  of  any  served  with  credit  under  Bonapart6 

kind  seemed  to  belong.    The  ap-  in  Egypt*     He  was  esteemed  a  man 

jx)intment  of  lord  Whitworth  had  of  moderate  principles,  good  inten- 

taken  place  in  April,  and  yet  on  the  tions,  and    sound   judgment.     He 

31st  of  August  it  was  announced,  was  to  be  accorppanied  to  the  court 

tliat  on  that  day  he  had  had  his  of  London  by  M.  Portalis  (the  soa 

last  public  audience  previous  to  his  of  the    person  of  that  name  who 

departure!  Assuredly  nothing  could  had  lately  taken  so  actives  part  ia 

be  objected  on  the  part  of  France  the  ecclesiastical  affairs  of  France), 

to  the  person  who  was  selected  to  in  the  capacity  of  principal  ^ecre- 

fiU  a   situation,  whic!i  requireci  no  tary. 

ordinary   combination  of  talents  at        Yet,    notwithstanding  those  ap- 
this  arduous  and   important  crisis,  pointments  having  taken  place  with 
The  right   honourable  lord  Whit-  all  the  accustomed  formalities,  ge- 
worth  had  resided  many  years  at  neral  Andreossy  did  not  arrive  in 
the  court  of  St.  Petersburgh;  as  his  England  till  the  6th,  nor  lord  Whit- 
majesty's    envoy  extraordinary  and  worth  sail  for  France  till  the  10th  of 
minister  plenipotentiary,   witli '  the  the  November  following.  The  causes 
highest  credit  to  himself  and  advan-  of  this  delay  it  is  not  here  our  pro- 
tage  to  his  countr}%  and  had  quitted  per  province  to  investigate  5  but  it 
that  court  on  the  violent  and  in-  filled  the  nation  with  doubts  of  the 
temperate  conduct  of  tlie  late  em-  sincere  wish  of  Bonaparte  fot  cor- 
peror  Paul.     His  majesty  had  been  dial  amity  with  Great  Britain,  and 
pleased,  in  remuneration  of  his  great  caused  a  very  sensible  depression  of 
services,  to  confer  on  him  succes-  the  public  confidence  in  the  perma- 
?ively  the   order  of  the  bath,   and  nency  of  that  peace  which  the  mi* 
the  dignity    of    a    baron   of    the  nister  had  so  confidently  promised, 
kingdom     of     freland.      No    man  and  which  was  the  sole  consideration 
was  more  distinguishe4  for  dignity  that  Reconciled  the  nation  to  the  sa- 
crifices 


188         ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 

crifices  it  had  made  at  the  treaty  of  ing  French  emigrants  ;  and  the  li-*- 
Amiens.  Nor  was  this  interval  filled  cence  which  the  English  press  as- 
wp  by  the  inteicliange  of  acta  of  sumed  of  discussing  freely  the  mea> 
national  amity  and  friendship ;  such  sures  of  his  consular  majesty,  were 
as  should  have  marked  the  cordial  considered  as  marked  acts  of  ar* 
reconciliation  of  the  two  countries,  gression  on  the  part  of  Eagla^ 
On  the  contraiy,  doubt  and  distrust,  and  as  such  haughtily  and  impe- 
jealousy  and  smothered  resentment,  rlously  resented  by  Bonaparte.  Re- 
were  in  all  the  transactions  of  both  monstrances,  which  bore  a  strong 
gov^nments  too  apparent ;  nor  did  resemblance  to  menace,  issued  cod- 
the  most  sanguine  assertor  of  the  stantly  from  his  court ;  nor  couhl 
necessity  of  peace  look  to  any  other  any  thing  short  of  the  total  degiada-' 
consequence  to  succeed  this  mutual  tion  and  subjection  of  Great  Britain 
discontent,  save  that  of  renewed  cputent  him.  A  paper,  called  ttiQ 
hostility.  Argi"*-     wn*  nm    nnl.,   *^i..~.*.j 

The  plunder  of  Germany ;    the  but  i 

aibitrary  and  tyrannical  imposition  was 

of  a  form  of  government  upon  the  refu§ 

unfortunate  Swiss;  the  direct  attack  to  s| 

cf  Bonapari^  on  the  rights  and  pri-  print 

vileges  of  Englishmen,  by  tlie  arres-  sono 

tation  and  confinement  for  six  days  cryo 

of  two  otBcers,  high  in  rant,  of  the  All  i 

British  navy,    in    Paris ;    and    the  in  th 

imperious  demands   of  the  French  naltii 

government,  for  the  restraining  the  onlyj 

Itberjy  of  the  British  press,  were  to  (h 

unequivocal  symptoms  of  the  exor-  parte 

Jbitant  and  insatiable  ambition  of  the  licen 

first  consul,  and  of  his    implacable  meaE 

determination    to  persevere  in  bis  and 

priigects  for  humblmg  and  insulting  or    t 

the  British  nation  :  whilst  our  hesi-  perie 

tation  on  the  sunender  of  Malta,  actio 

which  it  now  begun  to  be  discoveied  fluen 
could  not  be  evacuated  by  the  Eng-        Tl 

lish    garrison   without    a  certainty  -affair 

ofitsfallinginto  thehandsof  France,  of  (1 

and  the  impossibility  of  executing  shall 

any  one  of  the  stipulations  concern-  domt 

ing  it  in  the  treaty  of  Amiens  ;    our  barel 

attempt,  however  abortive  ^nd  in-  disco 

efficacious,   at  iiiterfercnce  in    the  on  T 

affairs  of    Switzerland ;    our  con-  the  > 

liuued  protection  to  the  few  remain-  bling 


HISTORY     OF    EUROPE.  isi 

and  which  in  its  operation  was  to  of  thinking.     We  allude,  first,  to 

have  overturned  the  constitution:  the  reduction  of  our  army,  and  the 

of  the  different  dismantling    of  our    navy,   which 

■al   family,  and  were  carried  on,  from  Uie  begin- 

life  of  our  be-  ning  of  April  to  the  beginning  of 

f,  November,  with  singular  eagerness 

ncemed   in  this  and  etfcct ;  and,  2dly,  to  that  of  the  . 

A'ere  under  the  vastresort  of  English  to  France  since 

d    command  of  the  signature  of  the  treaty  of  Amiens. 

;a   person    who  In  the  event  of  renewed  hostilities, 

ed    a  long  and  the  former  must  be  obviously  at- 

i  Coldbath- fields  tended  with  the  most  fatal  public 

practices),  and  consequences,    and    the    latter   as 

■silt  in   number,  ruinously  destructive  to  individuals. 

;d   of  labourers.  The  first  of  these  positions  requires 

ss    of  artizans;  no  proof ;  and  they  must  be  credu- 

were  three  sol-  lous    indeed   who  do  nbt  see  that 

After  several  detention  and   imprisonment  must 

ons    before    the  be  the  consequences  of  the  other. 

lel  Despard  and  In  the  public  and    private  honour 

tuber  were  fully  of  Bonaparte  who  would  confide  ? 

\    their  tiial  for  and  tliis    opportunity  of  indulging 

a  special  com-  the  angry  passions  of  a  little  mind 

rticulars  of  this  would  not  be  neglected,  whenever 

ion,  its  objects,  it  was  in  his  power  to  gratify  them. 
■node  of  its  dis-         We    have  already    shown,   that 

teof  the  traitors,  the  increasing  power  of  France,  and 

ceeding  volume,  the  declining  consequence  of  Great 

«urse  be  detailed  Britain,  could  not  accord  with  each 

T.  other;  and  in  the  first  attempt  to 

■here  to  remark  restore  those  countries  to  an  ,cqui- 

_.  ,    ,    the    one  of  a  -poise,  the  impolicy  and  imprudence 

public,  the  other  of  a  private  na-  of  ministers  and  individuals  will  bo 

nire,  both  of  Which,  however,  le«d  severely  felt,  both  in  public  and  ia 

to  tlie  same  conscquencu  and  ti'ain  private  c< 


190 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


CHAP.      XV. 


AJJairs  of  Ireland — Retrospect. — Causes  of  the  Union — and  of  the  uic- 
qiacsccnce  of  the  Major  it  j/  of  the  People  to  tJiat  Measure. — Slight 
Sjnsathm  occasioned  by  the  Change  of  Ministry — or  the  Removal 
of  Lord  Cornwallis. — General  Election — Remarks  thereon. — Symptoms 
if  Disjt; action  in  the  South. — Projected  Attack  on  Limerick.  —Return 
4jf  Traitors  to  Ireland — and  French  Agents. — Citizen  Fauvelet. — Bad 
Policy  of  Administration, —  General  Rtfflections* 


I^HE  affairs  of  Ireland  are  the 
next  subject  of  our  discussion 
iu  the  order  whicli  we  proposed  to 
toll  j\v,  and  though  very  few,  if  any, 
domestic   events  occurred,    in   the 
course  of  J  802,  in  that  island,  of 
magnitude    or   importance    sutlici- 
ent  to  attract  the  attention  of  our 
readers,  or  to  employ  the  pen  and 
labour  of  the  historian  j  yet  the  po- 
litical   situation   of    that    country, 
the  great  revolution  it  had  under- 
gone  in  its   form    of  government, 
and  the  agitation  and  swell  which 
had   yet   far   from     subsided   after 
tlie  drciidful  storms  which  had  agi- 
tated   it     to     the    centre,    render 
some   account  of  tlie  state  of  tiie 
public    mind   of   that  country,    as 
connected  with  and  resulting  from 
those  great  events,    absolutely  ne- 
cessary ;    and  this  review  will  ap- 
pear the   more  expedient  if   it    be 
considered,  tlint  the   policy,  what- 
ever it  was  that  had  been  applied 
to  the  administration  of  Irish  affairs 
by  the  English  government,  had  hi- 
therto  completely    failed ;    that    a 
new  system,  radically  diflering  from 
the  former,  had  now  taken  place ; 
that  the  eyes  of  ail  men  were  di- 


rected to  the  consequences  of  the 
new  arrangement  5  and  if  we  add 
to  these  motives  the  consideration 
of  how  little  importance  this  sub- 
ject has  been  hitherto  considered  by 
the  English  reader,  compared  with 
its  real  magnitude,  we  shall  be  fully 
borne  out  in  going  into  more  length 
in  this  discussion  than  we  have 
usually  apportioned  to  the  ajfairs  of 
Ireland. 

On  recurring  to  our  formei:  vo- 
lume for  1801,  we  observe  that  no  - 
particular  obseivations  are  made  on 
the  state  of  Ireland  for  that  year; 
we  shall  therefore,  to  preserve  the 
connection  entire,  be  obliged  to 
commence  tlie  present  subject  with  a^ 
retrospect  to  the  aspect  of  affairs  im- 
mediately preceding  and  subsequent 
to  the  acts  of  parliament  passed  in 
the  year  1800,  for  the  union  of  the 
legislative  bodies  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  and  which  took  effett 
on  the  first  day  of  January  1801. 

The  measure  had  been  so  wxll 
.  digested,  and  the  means  so  well 
arranged,  that  this  great  and  benefi- 
cial change,  perhaps  the  most  im- 
portant in  the  history  of  either 
couutiy,  produced  uo  bensation  be- 
yond 


HISTORY    OF    Et/ROPE. 


191 


yond  what  might  have  been  ex- 
pected from  much  more  ordinary 
occurrences. '  During  the  latter 
years  of  that  great  epoch  of  revo- 
lutionary systepi,  the  American 
war,  its  contagion  appeared  to  have 
communicated  and  infected  Ireland  5 
nor  had  the  scenes  which  were  ex- 
hibited  in  ahnost  every  quarter  of 
the  continent,  since  that  period,  been 
likely  either  to  lessen  its  effect  or 
mitigate  its  malignity.  In  fact, 
the  evil  was  sufficiently  apparent, 
and  too  openly  manifested  itself  not 
to  alarm  every  lover  of  his  country, 
and  every  enlightened  statesman. 

On  this  side  of  tlie  water  tliat 
stability  to  the  empire,  which  could 
alone  result  from  the  perfect  legis- 
lative union  of  its  principal  com- 
ponent members,  was  looked  to  by 
all  with  great  earnestness  5  on  the 
contrary,  on  the  part  of  Ireland 
there  was  little  prospect  of  assent 
to  such  a  measure.  The  dominant 
part  of  that  nation,  or  as  it  was 
more  generally  termed  "  tlie  ascen- 
dency," was  too  much  elated  with 
the  victory  gained  in  1782,  over 
what  was  then  the  principle  of 
British  connection  5  and  the  pros- 
trate majority,  the  catholics,  were 
of  too  little  importance  to  be  con- 
wdered  or  consulted. 

The  controversies  on  the  appoint- ' 
ment  of  a  regent  in  1788  consti- 
tute a  very  important  era  m  tlie 
modern  history  of  Ireland.  A  con- 
siderable party  had  been  then  form- 
.ed  in  parliament,  including  so 
many  general  and  particular  in- 
terests, that  their  numbers  might 
well  suggest  to  them  the  possibility 
of  coaipelling  government  to  ac- 
cept their  services  upon  their  own 
terms;  nor  were  there  wanting  in 
this  confederation  some  individuals, 
whose   popularity,    adioitaess^  and 


talents  in  debate  were  of  veiy  for- 
midable magnitude  and  celebrity: 
the  former  constituted  the  w  eight, 
the  latter  the  vigour  of  this  iiew 
formed  opposilion  5  a  combination 
of  both  produced  a  dangerous  spi- 
rit of  great  political  intemperance, 
which  transfused  itself  universally 
throughout  tlie  Irish  nation. 

We  believe  that  the  personages 
who  now  combined  to  embarrass  tlie 
measures  of  government,  at  a  very 
critical,  perhaps  unprecedented  mo- 
ment of  calamity,  thought  of  no- 
thing less  than  the  consequences 
which  almost  immediately  resulted 
fi-om  it;  and  ,we  are  grounded  in 
this  belief,  because  those  conse- 
quences involved  tlic  utter  destruc- 
tion of  that  monopoly  on  which  . 
their  political  influence  and  exist- 
ence depended  5  and  yet,  even  at 
tliat  moment,  to  men  of  plainer 
understanding  and  talents  it  was 
sulHciciitly  obvious,  that  when  all 
tlie  eyes  in  the  countiy  were  turned 
in  ardent  gaze  and  were  intent  in  the 
pursuit  of  grievances,  one  very  pal- 
pable, and  which  interested,  either 
really  or  factitiously,  vast  numbers, 
could  scarcely  elude  die  research  5 
and  that  anotiier,  though  not  so  in- 
jurious cr  so  pressing,  yet  which 
had  very  lately  occupied  a  large  por- 
tion of  the  public  regard,  might 
again  be  presented  for  discussion. 
The  first  was,  the  system  of  penal- 
ties and  disabilities  b(::;longing  to  the 
popery  laws;  the  latter,  tlie  reform- 
ation of  the  representative  body. 
Both  those  measures  were  accord- 
ingly brought  forward  from  without 
the  doors  of  parliament  with  a  de- 
gree of  earnestness  and  ability,  and 
wiih  a  pressure  of  public  demand, 
which  was  without  precedent  on 
any  former  agitation  of  national  con- 
cerns. With  respect  to  one  mea- 
sure. 


192        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 

iure,  the  government  thought  proper  natural  order.  The  public  tran* 
to  comply  5  and  on  the  other  it  ex-  quility  suffered  no  further  inter- 
bibited  itself  appalled  and  trembling  ruption.  The  parties  who  had 
on  tlie  for\vard  precipice  of  con-  hitherto  invetcrately  molested  and 
cession.  From  these  pralisposing  pursued  each  other,  discontinued 
causes  5  the  rapid  succession  of  their  vexatious  and  irritiiting  con- 
dangerous  and  interesting  events,  duct ;  the  one  forbore,  the  other 
iiameh%  the  rebellion  5  the  two  submitted ;  mutually  astonished  at 
French  invasions  j  the  disposition  finding  out,  to  their  vast  surprise, 
(in  ci>mmon  with  that  of  every  other  that  while  they  were  engaged  in 
ronntry)  of  the  commonalty  to  join  the  pursuit  of  their  respective  ob- 
in  projects  of  innovation  >  the  ve-  jects  of  ambition,  they  were  the 
licment  animosity  with  which  the  mere  instruments  of  accomplishing 
fespective  parties,  viz.  the  green  one  ver}-  far  indeed  from  their  de- 
and  onmge,  appeared  to  have  been  signs  or  wishes,  and  of  aggrandising 
inflamed,  all  combined  to  overcome  a  power,  whose  interest  even  the 
the  reluctance  of  the  greater  part  of  highest  pretenders  to  loyalty  in  that 
Ireland  j  and  the  proposition  for  kingdom,  had  never  designed  to 
union  was  entertained,  witliout  re-  promote  at  the  expense  of  his  own 
pugnance,  by  the  sober,  tlie  bene-  importance  ;  and  even  tlie  change 
Yolcnt,  by  those  who  desired  repose,  of  administration  which  took  place 
and  by  the  many  who  felt  them-  at  a  subsequent  period  of  the  year, 
selves  harassed  by  contention  or  although  a  measure  of  Irish  poli- 
oppressed  by  the  victors.  The  pro-  tics  was  the  avowed  and  osten* 
priety  and  juftice  of  the  measure  sible  reason,  awakened  but  a  very 
were  feebly,  if  at  all,  disputed  beyond  transitory  and  languid  interest, 
the  limits  of  the  Irish  metropolis  :  Numbers  both  of  the  higher  and 
there  indeed  the  prevalence  of  local  middle  orders,  who  for  a  series  of 
interests  occasioned  some  warmth  years  had  been  deeply  and  consi« 
of  o[)position ;  but  it  shrank  from  derably  engaged  in  political  specu- 
beftire  the  firm  countenance  of  go-  lations,  at  once  abandoned  that 
vernraent  and  the  decision  of  the  p.irsuit>  and  betook  themsehci  to 
legislature.  tlieir  respective  professions,    or   to 

It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  al-  the  improvement  of  the  cultivation 

though    an    immense    number    of  of  the  country, 

pamphlets  issued  from  the  Dublin  Among  the  circumstances  which 

press  on  this  occasion,  and  that  the  tended  to  reconcile   the  p<.  ople   of 

debates  in  the  Irish  parliament  were  Ireland  to  tlie  union,  one  must  not 

protracted  to  an  unusual   lengtli ;  be  omitted  highly  creditable  10  the 

yet  scarcely,  upon  any  of  the  great  parties  concerned.      Some  detacb- 

questions  which  had  agitated  Ireland  ments  of  the  guards,    and   several 

for  the  preceding  twenty  years,  was  regiments  of  English  militia,  were 

the    display    of    talents  so    weak,  sent  to  Ireland   to  quell  the  insur« 

cither  as  to  intelligence,  reasoning,  rection.     There  appeared   in  those 

ingenuity,  or  eloquence  !  bodies  a  regularity  of  discipline  and 

A  complete  pause  now  succeeded  an  uniformity  of  good  and  generous 

to  this  event.     At  the  union  tilings  conduct,  which   the   military  cha* 

seemed  disposed  to  fall  into  tlieir  racter  had  lost  in  Ireland^  doubtless 

Z  from 


y 


HISTORY    OP    fitTkOPE. 


193 


Irom  having  iqixed  in  the  factions 
6f  the  country. 

The  officers  of  those  (iorps  dis- 
diarged  their  duty  with  firmness, 
hot  in  the  etercise  of  that  duty  their 
ttiaaner  was  lenient  and  concili- 
flting;  nor  was  there  to  be  found, 
during  their  residence  in  Ireland, 


ters,  on  account  of  a  di /Terence  in 
the  cabinet  on  a  question  of  Irish 
policy,  produced  in  that  part  of  the 
united  kingdom  much  less  sensa-** 
tion  than  could  well  be  expected. 
Lord  Hardwicke,  the  successor  to 
the  lord  lieutenancy,  adopted,  al- 
most witliout  variation,  the   Course 


any  instance  of  houses  burned  or  of  condudt  (in  the  execution  of  hig 
nidividuals  tortured  within  the  quar-  now  very  limited  duties)  pursued  by 
tfcrs  of  an  English  fegiment.  his  predecessojf.     The  object  of  ad- 
Such  was  the  aspect  of  affairs  at  ministration  seems  to  have  been  to 
the  close  of  the  year  1801.     Tran-  hazard  no  great  alteration  in  the 
ijuiUity  seemed  completely  restored,  state  of  things,  and  to  decline  all  those 
The  peace,  should  it  prove  perma-  great  deviations    ffom   the   former 
Aent,  was    certainly  fatal    to    the  policy  which  have  been  repeatedly 
views  of  those  who  wished  to  esta-  represented  by    intelligent  persons 
Wish  French  principles  and  French  as  absolutely  necessary  to  the  final 
connections  in  Ireland,  at  the  same  settlement  of  the  countiy,  and  which 
time  that  it  afforded  the  most  fa-  it  was  supposed  might,  witli  pecu* 
vourable  and  honourable    moment  liar  safety  and    propriety,    be  put 


for  government  to  extend,  by  a  wise 
Jind  liberal  policy,  tlie  blessings  of  a 
free  government  to  millions,  whose 
hopes  had  been  raised  by  the  pro- 
spect of  such  a  participation  with 


into  execution  after  the  *inion. 
Whether  the  measures  we  allude  to, 
if  adopted  on  the  suggestion  of 
the  able  statesmen  who  proposed 
them^  would  have  tended  to  excite 


their  fellow  subjects  ;  and  which,  if    in  the  middle  ranks  art  animation  of 
oow  conceded^   would  be  entirely    zeal  and  loyalty,  by  which  the  very 


removed  from  the  invidious  sug- 
gestion that  it  was  extorted  at  a 
moment  of  great  and  alarming  dan- 
ger to  the  empire :  such^  however, 
were  not  the  views  of  Mr.  Adding- 
ton  and  his  colleagues. 

The  removal  of  lord  Cornwallis 
from  the  government  of  Ireland, 
•nd  the  dismissal  of  the  late  minis'- 


lower  people  would  have  been  kept 
in  awe,  and  disasters  prevented 
which  have  since  occurred,  and 
the  magnitude  and  extent  of  which 
cannot  perhaps  yet  well  be  calcu- 
lated, must  remain  to  be  discussed 
in  works  of  more  minute  observa- 
tion*. Sufficient  for  us  to  detail 
the  facts  as  they  h^ve  arisefl,  without 

deviating 

•  Though  vrt  decline  entering  into  thp  mctits  of  the  great  question  to  which  we  here 
allude,  we  cannot  resist  layirig  before  ou»  readers  the  following  interesting  essay,  never 
made  pulic,  connected  with  a  great  national  object,  and  written  in  the  spirit  of  patriot- 
Hm,  and  with  all  the  advantages  of  iocal  knowledge  ;  entirely  divested  of  prcjudite,  and 
ncommending  a  scheme  apparently  sufficiently  practicable.  Nor  are  we  without 
hopes  that  it  may  meet  the  eye  and  receive  the  approbation  of  those  who  have 
shown  themselves  the  real  friends  of  Ireland,  and  the  best  hope  of  the  empire. 

'"  I  apprehend  that  the  security  of  Ireland  in  the  event  of  a  war  cannot  be  otherwise 
to  effectually  provided  for,  as  by  embodying  national  ot  provincial  regimenrs,  upon 
a  jchemc  somewhat  var}'ing  from  what  has  hitherto  been  practised.  I  spcal;  of  the 
south  and  south-west  of  Ireland. 

**  These  distiicts  are  very  thickly  inhabited,  ard  a  tnilitary  spirit  prevails  amongst 
Vol.  XLIV.  O  tht 


194        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


deviating  too  widely  from  the 
straight  path  of  historical  narrative 
into  the  wide  licld  of  poUtical  spe- 
culation. 

The  general  election  was  scarcely 
sufficient  to  nilHe  the  calm  into 
which,  afier  the  union,  the  commo- 
tions of  Ireland  had  subsided :  but 
iierc  Fome  circimistances  are  worth 
observing  5  not  a  single  moniber  of 
the  Irish  parliament  who  supportwl 
the  union  was  displaced  in  conse- 
cjucnce  of  tlie  displeasure  of  his  con- 
stituents; in  no  instance  was  this 
support  upbraided  to  any  candidate  ; 
some  of  tlie  most  extensive  and  in- 
dejx^ndent  counties  returned  gentle- 
men ^\ho  had    shown    great   zeal 


in  accomplishing  this  momentouf 
arrangement,  and  only  in  one 
instance  (ilie  county  of  Dublin) 
did  any  candidate  deem  his  oppo- 
sition to  the  union  a  sufficient 
claim  for  popular  favour,  to  al- 
lude to  it  in  addressing  the  con- 
stituent body.  At  the  preceding 
general  election,  the  discontented 
te^stifted  their  aversion  from  the 
constitution,  by  declining  to  exer- 
cise or  claim  tlie  franchise  to  which 
tliey  were  entitled  j  on  this  occa- 
sion it  was  considered  a  i^fy  strong 
evidence  of  the  decline  of  dis- 
all'ection,  that  the  elections  were 
much  more  contested  than  before^ 
and  nearly  every  person  came  for- 
ward 


the  people ;  their  pastimes  arc  martial  and  adventurous,  and  their  occupations  inure^ 
ti)  hardship  ;  marrias;cs  aic  early,  frequnit,  and  productive.  From  the  revolution  to 
tiic  American  war  there  was  no  recruiting  in  these  districts  for  the  British  service,  and 
since  the  battle  of  Fontcnoy  there  has  l)ecn  none  for  the  French  ;  the  loss  in  the  Iri^ 
regiments,  on  that  occasion,  never  was  repaired.  The  opiission  of  government  to 
Occupy  this  military  spirit  and  exuberant  population  seems  to  have  been  a  national 
cause  of  the  late  insurrection. 

'*  There  are  in  the  country  a  number  of  young  men,  the  children  of  persons  of 
small  pro}>erty,  very  often  with  family  pretensions,  which  among  the  peasantry  are  re- 
cognized and  respected ;  they  live  with  the  common  people,  drink  with  them,  mix 
with  them  in  their  places  of  public  resort  and  amusement,  they  have  unbounded  in» 
fluence,  they  frequently  take  a  lead  in  parties  for  running  away  with  young  women^ 
and  when  they  please  ijisti^dte  to  acts  of  disturbance.  I  see  nothing  so  material  to 
the  rrancjuilliiy  of  the  state  as  to  provide  an  outlet  for  this  class  of  persons;  they  nQve£ 
have  been  invited  into  the  British  service,  because  those  who  could  recommend  to 
go\  ernnient  for  commissions  were  in  opposite  interests,  and  thought  more  of  accom- 
modating the  sons  of  freeholders.  Of  late,  the  resource  failed  them,  of  seeking  cm* 
ployment  from  the  diiferent  foreign  powers  who  entertained  Irish  xtpxniBDts,  and  at 
the  same  time  property  lias  been  diffused  so  much  more  widely  than  heretofore^  as  to 
increase  the  number  of  idle  hands  considerably.  Twenty-five  years  ago,  a  marriage 
portion  of  bol.  wa}>  not  so  common  as  a  portion  of  500/.  is  at  present ;  and  it  is  more 
usual  to  bestow  upon  a  young  couple  from  boi.  to  lool.  this  day,  than  i%  was  some  yeu% 
back  to  furnish  them  with  a  tew  fdrming  utensils.  There  is  a  vast  disposition  in  Ire- 
land to  inactivity,  and  when  there  is  any  pretence  of  property  or  family,  those  who 
can  allege  the  excuse  \cry  seldom  omit  to  do  so,  and  our  rustics  cherish  a  pride  of 
birth  and  distinction  of  families  unheeded  and  unobserved  by  their  superiors. 

'*  If  recruiting  parties  are  sent  into  the  country,  as  has  been  the  case  during  two 
former  wars,  a  number  of  men  may  certainly  be  raised  ;  but  I  conceive  this  measure 
will  as  heretofore  be  ineffectual,  btrcause  it  does  not  embrace  or  provide  occupation 
for  those  leaders  v.ho  are  above  entering  as  privates  :  men  of  this  description  were  the 
in^iriiiiients  by  means  of  whom  th-*  liite  lord  Edward  Fitzgerald  communicated  with 
the  popvilcice;  aijJ  if  an  i-neniy  tries  the  experiment  again,  he  may  find  in  the  same 
class  of  people  a  like  facility  of  seduction ;  he  will  find  necessity,  pride,  and  per* 
haus  disappointment. 

*'  The  formation  of  the  regiments  of  Irish  brigade  some  years  since,  seems  to  liaf^e 

boea 


HISTORY/   OF    EUROPE.         19S 

Mirard  to  exercise  the  privilege  of  of  the  south,  first  suggested  an  opi- 

voting.  nion  that  the  old  enemy  of  the  Bri- 

This  first  parliament  chosen  after  tish  government  was  not  indifierent 
the  union  was  also,  in  a  great  mea-  to  tlie  causes  of  discontent  in  Ire- 
sure,  the  first  in  which  the  Roman  land  -,  an  attack  on  the  city  of  Li- 
catholics  availed  themselves  of  their  merick  was  believed  to  have  been 
recently  acquired  right  of  voting;  intended,  and  numerous  assembliea 
for,  as  we  have  already  observed,  were  held  by  night  in  that  county, 
between  the  consternation  of  some.  These  proceedings  did  not  resemble 
and  the  hostility  of  others,  the  par-  the  accustomed  tumult  of  tlie  coun- 
liament  of  1797  was  in  most  places  try,  which  although  frequent,  always 
chosen  with  little  more  than  the  for-  were  the  result  of  local  exasperations, 
mality  of  election.  always  had  local  objects  in  view, 

Towaros  the  close  of  the  year  and  usually  terminated  in  some  sud- 

soB}e    appearance     of    uneasiness  den  sally  of  passion,  or  some  sacrl- 

among  the  common  pec^le  of  some  fice  to  village  resentment.   The  as- 

of  the  great  and  populous  counties  semblage  of  men  fiom  remote  parts^ 

been  somewhat  in  coincidence  with  the  principle  I  mention ;  but  that  expedient  foiled, 
as  it  well  might,  for  it  did  not  go  half  way  to  the  object.  The  brigades  held  out  their 
religion  to  the  people,  to  which  they  were  not  insensible,  but  which  they  do  not 
value  near  so  much  as  they  do  their  leadfcrs.  The  oflRcers  of  the  brigades  were  mostly 
Frenchmen  by  birth ;  they  had  lost  their  connection  with  the  country  j  and  any  other 
foreigners  might  just  with  equal  effect  have  been  sent  to  recruit  here.  It  was  supposed 
that  the  Irish  were  so  much  devoted  to  the  catholic  religion,  that  they  would  be  in- 
duced to  adhere,  from  this  motive  alone,  to  the  officers  presented  to  them ;  much  as 
has  been  said  to  give  currency  to  this  opinion,  it  is  unquestionably  founded  on  an  er- 
roneous presumption. 

**  Another  opinion  equally  erroneous,  but  inculcated  by  some  persons,  is,  that  this 
people  cherishes  any  political  desi°:n,  or  has  been  worked  up  to  any  permanent  prin- 
ciple of  disaffection.  They  know  little  either  of  their  own  or  of  foreign  governments  ; 
tlieir  politics  ascend  no  highev  thaA  to  hate  an  orange  man ;  I  speak  of  the  multitude 
who  inhabit  the  open  country  ;  they  are  fond  ot  conflicts  and  of  arduous  enterprises  : 
our  own  government  may  have  them  if  it  chooses  and  will  take  the  trouble  ;  should 
our  government  omit  this  precaution,  they  are  at  the  disposal  of  the  enemy ;  and  he 
will  have  the  full  use  of  them,  either  to  keep  the  country  in  alarm,  whilst  he  pre- 
pares for  an  attack,  or  to  combine  with  him  in  case  of  invasion. 

**  The  project  I  would  suggest  is,  to  form  regiments  on  the  principle  of  the  bri- 
gides,  but  officered,  for  the  most  part,  by  persons  who  have  an  ascertained  influence 
with  the  common  people.  There  is  a  great  disposition  to  clanship  among  the  common 
peopib,  but  from  circumstances,  which  would  be  tedious  to  enumerate;  tliis  attachment 
bay  not  generally  ran  in  the  line  of  property. 

**  The  Roman  catholic  religion  was  the  establishment  of  the  brigades.  I  do  not 
know  whether  this  would  in  the  present  instance  be  necessary  ;  but  it  would  be  well 
to  secure  the  persons  engaging  against  the  possibility  of  any  interference  with  the  im- 
pressions they  are  attached  to,  or  against  any  factious  partialities :  this  might  be  effected 
by  placing  officers  of  knovm  moderation  at  the  head  of  the  several  regiments.  Parents, 
niatives,  and  clergymen,  would  cooperate  more  readily,  or  at  least  not  discountenance 
those  who  were  disposed  to  engage,  if  they  observed  a  provision  made  for  respecting 
their  prepossessions. 

**  Animosity  and  revenge  drew  the  Irish  into  the  field  in  the  late  rebellion,  but 
surely  it  was  the  mere  spirit  of  adventure  which  led  them  to  engage  in  the  previous 
•.oiii^pirary." 

0  2  the 


196  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

the  adoption   of  leaders,    and   the     are  a  race  of  men  of  acule  feeling*" 
projected   aiuck    upon    a    regular    and  tirrcr  p;i>sio::>  ;  tliey  were,  ui 
garri-on,  ail  combined  lo  sug^e^t  lo    mzTA'  Insi-iiccs,  abandoned  to  petty 
r^fieciiiig    men,    iliat    tiie    pct^ple    tyranny,    to  the   hard    hands  and 
were,  on  this  occasion,  excited  by    insolent  manners  of  mean  exactors ; 
bome\\hat  more  than  their  crJinary     at  length,  the  contagion  of  political 
ra-d  iranaitorv'  tumultuoi;>ries5.     In     interference  cxten-dt-d  itSL-lf  tu  them; 
fact,  bt  veral  persons,  who  had  fled    it  ran  wiili  tl;c  rapidity  of  flame 
to    Frmcc   on    tlie   insurrection  of    acting  upon  vei:-pr*.'pared  coiiibus- 
170s,  retumfd  to  Ireland  after  the    tibles;  the  opponuiMty  was  obscrv- 
peace  of  Air/: ei: 5.     Various  French-     ed  by  ?ome  men  v*hD  had  talent* 
men,  under  tiie  pretence  of  private    sufacient  to  imprcvc  it,  but  who 
business,    .spread    themselves    over    wanted  5CD>e  or  honesty  to  discern 
the  crunir}',  and  a  mysterious  com-    or    to    avoid    the  disasters    which 
mercial  agent  tock  h;s  post  in  the    iheir  iusidiouf;   efforts  must  accu- 
metrepolis.   It  was  singular  enough,    mulate  upon  their  unhappy  fellow 
tliat  at  the  time  M.   Fauvelet  cor-     citizens.     A   young   noblcjiian,  of 
responded  with  his  government,  as    daring  mind,  of  poprJar  manners, 
ite  agent  in  an  accredited  situation,    and  great  family  pretensions,  \va» 
no   pcrtcn    in   Dublin  was   aware    led  by  spleen,  c»  by  infatuation,  to 
that  their  city  was  honoured  by  the    lend  his  cooperating  aid.    The  pro- 
residence  cf  such  an  officer ;  r^r.d  so    j)ertied  part  of  the  country,  actii^ 
obscurely  did  this  gentleman  ke3p    with  the  grossest   indiscretion,    aft 
himatlf  secluded,    that,    it  i::iv:ng    the    danger    approached,    ran    for 
become  necessart-  fojr  ilie  affairs  cf    shelter  into  a  petty  religious  com- 
a   French    family  to   a.-certa!n  the    bination,   from  %\hich   they  occa- 
d^iath  of  a  gentleman,  who  died  in     sionally    issued    to    alienate    their 
Ireland  during  the  war,  the  proper    countrymen  still  more  by  indiscri- 
d'Humtnts    were    fonvarded    troni    minating  intemperance. 
France,    with    directions    to    have         If  the   protestanls  of  rank  and 
tliem    aalhenticated  before  citizen    property    in    Ireland,     instead    of 
Fauvelet,  the  commercial  agent  of    fonuing  a  league  of  exclusion,  of  susr 
France  in  Dublin.    The  party  con-    picion,  and  of  severity  against  their 
cerned  was    obliged  to  return  for    catholic  countrymen,    had,  on  the 
answer,    U^at  after  diligent  search    flrst  appeaiTtnce  of  alarm,  colled  fiu: 
he  could  not  discover  the  residence    the    aid   of  those   of   their   own, 
of  any  such  person,  or  die  existence    or  nearly  then*  own  rank,    among 
of  any  such  officer.  them ;  if  they  had  even   accepted 

In  fact,  there  were  in  Ireland  that  aid  where  it  was  proffisrcd,  if 
materials  too  abundant  for  such  in-  the  associated  property  of  the  land 
triguers  to  work  upon  ;  tlie  many  had  called  forth  the  middle  orders,  if 
political  discussions  which  had  agi-  all  united  had  approached  the  com- 
tared  that  country,  fr<;in  the  year  mon  people  with  gentleness,  with 
1  'J']^y  had  turned  every  mind  from  expostulation,  witli  a  cordial  ofief 
sober  pursuits  to  political  specula-  of  pardon  and  protection,  they 
tion.  I'he  lower  peo[)le  had  been  would  most  probably  have  entiidy 
for  a   lung  time  turbulent;    tlicy    subduod   the   disposition  to  iiisur* 

rcctioii. 


?» 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


197 


rection,  they  would  not  have  left 
a  partizaa  of  France  in  the  three 
provinces  of  Leinster,  Manster,  and 
Connaught  j  and  the  same  steady 
aspect,  the  same  sentiment  of  con- 
tent, which  intimidated  our  ene- 
mies when  they  made  the  attempt 
at .  Bantiy  bay,  would  have  still 
continued  to  protect  that  island  : 

"  Diis  aliter  visum. 

The  gentry  of  Ireland  are  probably 
by  this  time  aware  of  their  errot, 
for  it  has  cost  them  dearly. 

These  circumstances  of  seduc- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  revolu- 
tionists, and  of  overbearing  harsh- 
ness on  the  part  of  the  leading  men 
of  the  country,  produced  in  the 
middle  classes  an  indifference  to  the 
interests  of  their  government,  aud 
in  the  populace  an  active  disposi- 
tion to  destroy  it.  The  spirit  of 
the  latter  was  crushed,  but  not 
subdued  nor  reclaimed  ;  it  was,  in- 
deed, rather  the  more  exasperated 
by  the  monstrous  severities  which 
ensued  either  in  repressing  or 
avenging  the  rebellion  of  l/PS. 
Whatever  might  be  the  wishes  of 
government,  its  efforts  to  contiiliatc 
were  not  able  to  produce  as  yet 
an  effect  in  any  degree  propor- 
tionate to  the  spirit  of  innovation. 
Of  course,  the  emissaries  of  France 
had  little  more  to  do,  in  order  to 
djraw  this  people  into  action,  than 
to  collect  them  together,  and  give 
tbem  a  promise  of  assistance ;  and 
the  ordinary  bonds  of  union  be- 
jtwecn  the  several  classes  were  so 
fifectually  loosened,  tliat  tliese  com- 
binations, and  all  preparatory  steps 


for  commotion,  might  calmly  be 
arranged  with  little  or  no  danger  of 
detection,  and  without  the  slightest 
probability  of  information  being 
conveyed  to  the  civil  magistrate. 

In  this  rapid  sketch  of  the  affairs 
of  Ireland  it  will  have    been  ob- 
served,   that  ,at  the  close  of  180^ 
they  presented  a  far  more  gloomy  * 
aspect  than  at  that  of  the  preceding 
year  5  nor  did  they  promise  much 
amelioration  j    for  it  was  now  ru- 
moured, and  gained  universal  credit, 
tliat  the  tenure  by  which  Mr,  Ad- 
dington  held  his  high  situation  of 
first  minister. was,  the  exclusion  of 
the  Irish  catholics  from  apy  furtl^er 
admission   into    the   advantages  of 
the  constitution ;   a  fact  which,  if 
believed,  naturally  alienated  ^  con- 
siderable portion  of  tlie  population 
of  the    country    from  the  general 
interests  of    the  empire,  and  gave 
but  too  good  an  opportunity  to  the 
malignant    and^  implacable   repub- 
licans to  agitate  a^^d  corrupt.     Some 
reasoning  principle  it  might   have 
been   necessary   to    apply  to  show 
the  dangerous  consequences  which 
would    probably    result   from    the 
Russian  convention  and  the  treaty 
of  Amiens;  but  to  state  at  length 
the  impolicy  of  proscribing  a  whole 
people,  and  that  people  too  one  of 
the  main  stays  and  supports  of  the 
grandeur,    opulence,    and   security 
of  the  British  empire,  would  be  a 
waste  of  our  readers'  attention,  and 
an   insult  to    their  understandings. 
Such  were  tlie  sullen  and  unpromis- 
ing aspect  of  affairs  at  the  terminal 
tion   of  the  year. 


03 


qHAP. 


198  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


CHAP.      X\'L 

State  of  Eur  op  3  at  the  Conclusion  rf  the  Treaty  of  Amiens — of  Russia 
— o/^  the  Emperor  Alexander — Austria — Prussia — »mcller  Powers  of 
Europe, — Affliirs  of  France. — Separate  CcnvtitioH  letween  that  Power 
oiid  Bataiia,  in  riolaiion  of  the  Spirit  rf  the  Treaty  of  Amiensj^^  ■ 
Twm  submits  to  France. — Dl^sctLfactioris  in  Switzerland — and  in  the 
BepuLTic  of  the  Seven  Isles, — Publication  of  the  Concordat,  and  new 
Arrangements  respecting  Religion. — Catriolic  Religion  restored  in  France 
'■^Ceremonies  thereat. — Act  of  Amnesty  in  Faxour  of  the  Emigrants^ 
^^Reetcction  of  the  First  Consul  f/r  Ten  Tears — and  far  Ufei — Sue* 
cess  at  St.  Dor.ingo. — Great  Power  and  Dominion  qf  Bonaparte, 


THE  northern  confederacy,  be- 
ing, by  the  formal  renunciation 
of  its  principles,  dissolved,  and  the 
deJiuitive  treaty  signed  at  Amiens,  it 
ivas  supposed  that  evf  rj'  contentious 
question  had  been  settled  among 
the  nations  of  Europe  3  that  every 
interest  had  been  balanced,  as  well 
as  cirrumstahces  would  admit,  and 
that  all  tlie  elements  of  war  had 
becii  at  rest,  and  were  not  likely 
soon  to  be  .'::iain  thrown  into  com- 
motion.  Grea*^  Britain  had  shown 
her  sine. re  wish  of  peace  by  the 
vast  sacrifxes  she  had  made  to  ob- 
tain it.  B€napart6,  in  the  name  of 
the  French  nation,  also  professed 
the  most  earnest  desire  for  the  pre- 
servation of  the  general  tranquillity 
of  Europe,  and  no  other  power 
seemed  -o  have  any  wish  or  motive 
to  disturb  it.  Ihe  politic^  of  Rus- 
sia, eve'  s''  ce  ihe  accession  of  the 
ernpcror  Alex^.-dt^r  to  the  throne, 
were  coni^/ict' .  /  pacific.  The  con- 
duct and  the  character  of  tliis  mo- 
narch appfrii  -i  in  eveiy  thing  to 
differ  from  th..i  of  his  father,  the 
emperor  Paul,  whose  natural  under- 


standing and  judgment  were  weak* 
and  who  ^'as   at  the    same    time  ' 
tyrannical,  capricious,   and  roman- 
tic;   his    reign    was    a    series    of 
contradictions,    and   all   his  public 
actions  were  marked  w  ith  violeno^  * 
absurdit}',  and  injustice.    When  the  ' 
immense  force  of  the  Russian  cm-  " 
pire  was  in  his  hands,   the  conti- 
nent of  Europe  could  never  be  sc-  " 
cure  from  war  5  but  his  successor,  • 
the    present   emperor,    seemed  to ' 
carry  every    amiable  and  princely 
virtue  to  the   throne:    mild,    ge- 
nerous, and  pacific  in  his  nature^  he 
turned  his  mind  principally  to  that ' 
wide  field  of  improvement  which 
his  ^-ast  dominions  and  half  civilized ' 
subjects  opened  to  his  view ;    hit 
second  care  seemed  lo  be  the  peace, 
tranquillity,  and  happiness  of  En- 
rope.     With  respect  to  the  Russian 
empire,  all  his  acts  bore  the  stamp 
of  his  character,    and   were  solelj 
dire  c Ltd  to   the  liberty  and  happi- 
nej>.->   of  his   people,   and  the   hn- 
provement  of  his  dominions.  With 
rcsj)ect  to  the  politics  of  Europe, 
his  principles  were  those  of  a  peace- 
maker. 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


199 


maker,  and  Europe  felt  a  security 
in  his  character,  that  if  again  the 
storm  of  war  was  to  desolate  its 
plains,  that  storm  was  not  likely 
to  come  from  the  side  of  Russia. 
The  German  empire  was  not  in  a 
situation  to  wish  for  or  to  provoke 
war.  The  emperor,  after  the  fatal 
experience  of  so  many  unfortunate 
Gimpaigns,  and  the  decisive  victo- 
ries gained  by  France  in  the  last, 
could  not  -pretend  singly  to  cope 
witli  France,  nor  was  he  likely  in 
such  a  case  to  receive  assistance 
frbm  the  other  Grermanic  powers. 

The  hostile  rivality  which  had 
long  subsisted  between  Prussia  and 
Austria  had  now  created  a  complete 
schism  in  the  G^ermau  empire  j 
Prassia,  which  was  the  weaker 
power  of  the  two,  looked  to  the 
assistance  of  France  to  place  her 
at  least  on  an  equality  with  Austria. 
In  the  latter  years  of  the  war,  Prussia 
had  assumed  the  protectorship  of 
the  north  of  Germany,  and  had  even 
attempted  to  annex  Hanover  to  its 
dominions.  After  peace  had  forced 
her  to  abandon  Hanover,  she  sought, 
under  the  name  of  indemnity,  to  ob- 
tain considerably  more  than  she  had 
lost  during  the  wai*  j  but  for  diose 
acquisitions  she  looked  to  the  par- 
tiality and  influence  of  France,  and 
not  to  the  force  of  arms,  or  to  the 
justice  of  her  claims.  Russia  wish- 
ed for  peace ;  Germany  (notwith- 
standing the  question  of  tlie  indenf- 
nities  was  still  undecided)  wished 
for  peace  -,  that  England  wished 
for  peace  was  too  apparent ;  the 
Borthen  and  the  smaller  powers 
of  Europe,  including  Holland  and 
Switzerland,  wished  for  peace:  nor 
"Was  there  any  quarter  from  which 
war  could  proceed  unless  from  the 
insatiable  ambition  and  injustice  of 
France^  and  her  government.    From 


the  decisions  of  the  French  cabinet 
the  great  events  of  the  continent 
for  this  }^ear  were  to  proceed,  and 
the  history  of  the  intrigues  of  the 
Thuilleries  becomes  the  history  of 
Europe. 

The  first  event  which  imme- 
diately followed  the  treaty  of 
Amiens  was  a  convention  between 
the  French  and  Eataviau  ambassa- 
dors at  Amiens  in  the  name  of  their 
respective  governments,  that  the 
indemnities  which  were  stipulated 
by  that  treaty  to  be  given  to  the 
family  of  Orange  were  not  at  all 
to  be  at  the  charge  of  Holland.  IF 
this  had  been  so  understood  be- 
tween tlie  British  and  French  am- 
bassadors, it  would  appear  tliat  there 
was  no  occasion  for  tliis  separate 
convention  :  if  it  was  not  so  under- 
stood, it  then  follows  that,  on  the 
very  day  of  signing  the  treaty  ci 
Amiens,  France,  by  a  solemn  act, 
violated  the  spirit  and  true  con- 
stmction  of  the  negotiation. 

The  next  political  occurrence 
which  followed  was  tlie  treaty  of 
peace  between  France  and  Tunis, 
or  rather  the  submission  of  the  dey 
to  the  menaces  of  Uonaparte.  The 
states  of  Europe  have  so  long  sub- 
mitted to  tlie  insolence  and  depre- 
dations of  the  piratical  states  of 
Barbaiy,  that  if  Bonaparte  had  used 
(he  force  and  eiicrg)'  of  his  govern- 
ment to  crush  this  usurped  power, 
and  really  to  restore  the  **  liberty  of 
the  sea*'  to  all  nations  trading  in 
the  Mediteiranean,  he  had  then  the 
frieans  of  acquiring  the  gi'catest 
glory  for  himself,  and  of  meriting, 
the  thanks  of  all  nations ;  but  his 
t;reaties  and  his  actions  were  of  a 
more  selfish  nature,  and  nevei*  looked 
further  than  the  aggiandi semen t  of 
that  particular  nation  of  which  he 
had  made  hinaself  the  master. 

04  The 


200 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1803. 


Thr  ccv  of  Ten:?,  tenif.ed  st  the 

the  fort  cf  G-',!*ttu,  2r.i  at  i..:  n:c- 
races  of  t!:e  F'er.ch  r-dr.^.lrs!,  -irr.jd 
a   treitv,  bv  v.l.'ch  :"«-r  :he   f.::-re 

*kr1    r*  Tf*/"  •■•    •      •"'  -  •  "  -^  *-  ••-  •■    •  ►-  #i  /-■  -  -~-  •  — .-  •-  • 

r>f  t'  *-    T'-^r-T'- ■-    T-i  ■?    ij,  r'"'T.''"'^*"i'»* 

rations. " 

This  treatr  aiOne  would  le  -iif- 
fic-ent  to  CGTW  inre  ev^n*  c  .::d:J 
pr-'-* -:l  obv- \Tr,  thst  the  rl^rase 
of  "the  il>m-  c.t  'jie  sra?/'  so 
cftr-n  -  --ii'.i  "f"  '.e  FrTc!"'  go- 
vern r.-  v.?.i  111  iheir  -.^yii'.s  a 
mf-r  /.v  e7.::re  .'on  '       'trd  f-r 

se**^....  .:.rpo:'"5;  ar.d  tl.^.  l'i("r 
p^/.:  .  •.  'J':c'i2:r 'lions  on  the  liic- 
ory  o»  t -.r:;  '•'  equaJity  of  cr  n:rr.t:r- 
cial  r'(...rs"  zr,ior.g  naticn?  F.t  p^-a*.  ?, 
iTjCir.:  i.oii.ing  cv-jC  than  th^^  Krj- 
h:  '!  \V3^  never  to  be  the  i.i\drc'i 
ji>.'.':n  in  any  conr.m.Trci.il  arr?;:^:.- 
mc:  \.  hut  t^at  France  -^as  to 
st?nd  !:■  tLil  situaiion  in  every 
4;o'::)«r/  wlicrvi  her  power  or  her 
ipfi  uci.  - e   extended . 

At  tl»is  tim'.*  there  LarJlv  existed 
a  fe*-r;^e;it  in  any  coiintr)'  in  Europe, 
with  the  exception  of  Switzerland, 
whrrc  t^ie  people  were  violently 
avcrsf;  from  the  constitution  \ihicli 
Frniice  had  forced  upon  them,  and 
impatient  for  the  execution  of  the 
treaty  of  Luneville,  which  declared 
their  cffiir,'jry  to  be  independent, 
ard  to  hove  an  undoubted  right  to 
chfx^se  such  constitution  or  form  of 
jro\ernnrifnt  as  was  most  agreeable 
to  tlie  people.  S-;me  tumults  also 
existed  in  tJic  little  republic  of  the 
Seven  rslcs,  occasioned  by  the  at- 
t/rnjiU  to  introduce  an  aristocracy 
(/(  tii<;  nncient  Venetian  nobility  into 
fhe  government  of  this  new  formed 


This  infringeinent    vraf . 
V : - 1  e z'ly  zc = :s:?c  by  the  people ;    the  • 
pinii?   were,    I  cwner,    prevented 
iTzr.i  pr:'Cerd':ng  to  extremities  by 
the    '.r^iiTTKn'rl'  :\    of   the    English 
c'-i^m-^ir.-   v.ho  v/as  cnising   off 
ihi:   -:iucn.     There  bcii.g  nothing 
cf  IT. '.re  importance  to  disturb  the 
pfz:e   cf    Eu.-':-e.   Bociiparte    had 
ij-rure  rf. -^-h   to   p^r^ue,   and   has 
?rcu>r-.-.ir.i  g-r^d  :.jrtane  to  attain, 
the  r.-.w  trand  cr'^ecls  cf  his  am- 
bitiop .     In  order  to  give  a  perraa- 
neni  ■'  "Jtion  to  the  power  he  bad 
airjrr.^i,  h"  f:  :i  it  necessary  to  con- 
ciliate th'^  2j':*r:::ons  and  sooth  the 
p^?^!cns  I  f  the    'itcrent  parties  in 
i  rarxe.     The  f-ie  of  ?.  mere  mili- 
i:.r'    covenjrp.rnt   has   been   in  all 
?2es,  tj.i  more  esj,rcia"y  in  an  en- 
lijhte:'*^  cnc^,    extreiriC-h-   precari- 
ci:.' :  nii  thrones  Iuac  ueen  found 
weak  -hlch  were  not  in  some  dc- 
jrree   »i.-"p'ried  by   public  opinion. 
Hitherto  the  pv-ople  of  France  had 
submitted  io  br  the  instrument  of 
ti.e  c-e<\^ns  of  ever)'  party,  which 
in  its  tiirn  boie  sway,  dur'mg  tlie 
revoivifion  :  a  et  it  was  ^"cll  known 
that    the   grc?.t   maicrity    of  them 
( particularly   the   peasantr}')    were 
much  diir:at"i5lied  at  the  abolition  of 
their  cncient  religion,  and  wished 
to    .^ee  it   a::jain    reinstated   in   its 
formt^r  splendour.     Bonaparte  was 
fully  aware  of  tiiis  predominant  in- 
clination ;    and  during  the  war  he 
entered  into  a  convention  with  the 
pope,  by   which  the    new  system 
of  the  GaUir:ui   church  was  com- 
pletely   settled.     This    convention, 
or,    as   it   was    styled.  Concordat, 
which  bore  date   on    the   10th    of 
September  IfcOl*,  was  made  pub- 
lic  HI    Paris  a  fortnight  after  the 
signature  of  tlie  treaty  of  Amiens. 


♦Vide  *•' State  Papers,"  iSOl. 


Th^ 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


201 


Tht  terms   of  it  were  briefly  as 

follow  : 

I.  The  catholic,  apostolic,  and  Ro- 
man religion,  shall  be  freely  exer- 
cised in  France ;  the  worship  shall 
be  public,  and  subject  to  those  regu- 
lations of  police  which  tlie  govern- 
fnent  may  judge  necessary  for  tiie 
public  tranquillity. 

II.  A  new  division  is  to  be  made 
of  the  French  dioceses  by  the  holy 
see,  in  concert  with  the  French 
govemment. 

III.  His  holiness  shall  invite  the 
titular  French  bishops  to  every  sa- 
crifice, even  that  of  their  sees,  for 
the  sake  of  peace  and  unity. 

IV.  The  first  consul  shall  name, 
within  three  months  after  the  pub- 
lication of  his  holiness's  bull,  to 
the  archbishopricks  and  bishopricks 
of  the  new  division:  bis  holiness 
shall  confer  tlie  canonical  institu- 
tion, according  to  the  ancient  forms 
in  France  before  the  change  of  go- 
vernment. 

V.  VI.  and  VII.  The  bishops 
shall,  before  their  entering  on  their 
fiinctions,  take  from  the  hands  of 
the  first  consul,  and  th'e  inferior 
clergy  from  the  civil  authorities  ap- 
pointed for  tliat  purpose,  the  follow- 
ing oath : 

^'  I  swear  and  promise  'to  God, 
on  tlie  iioly  Evangelists,  to  preserve 
obedience  and  fidelity  to  the  govern- 
*ment  established  by  tlie  constitution 
of  the  French  republic  5  I  promise 
also,  to  have  no  intelligence,  to  assist 
at  no  council,  to  maintain  no  con- 
nection, either  within  or  without, 
which  shall  be  contrary  to  the 
public  tranquillity  5  and  if  within 
my  diocese,  or  elsewhere,  I  shall 
learn  that  any  thing  is  designed 
for  the  prejudice  of  the  state,  I 
will  make  it  known  to  the  govcrn- 


VIII.    The    following    fonn    of, 
prayer  shall  be  recited  at  the  end  ' 
of  divine  service,  in  all  the  catholic 
churches  in  France : 

Domine,  salvam  fac  rempviblicam» 
Domina,  salvor  fac  consules. 

The  IXtli,  Xtli,  Xlth,  and  Xllth" 
articles  give  the  new  bishops  the  - 
power  of  appointing  the  cure  -,  who, 
however,  must  be  accepted  by  the 
government. 

Xllf .  His  holiness,  for  the  wel- 
fare of  the  church  and  the  happy 
establishment  of  the  catholic  reli- 
gion, declares,  tliat  neither  he  nor 
his  successors  will  disturb  in  any 
manner  the  possessors  of  alienated 
ecclesiastical  effects;  but  that  tlic 
property  of  those  effects  shall  re- 
main unchangeable  in  their  hands  . 
or  in  tlie  hands  of  tlieir  assig- 
nees. 

The  XlVth  and  XVIth  articles 
place  tlie  first  consul  on  the  same^ 
footing  with  respect  to  his  holiness 
as  tlie  ancient  monarchical  govern- 
ment of  France. 

The  XVtli  permits  French  catho- 
lics to  make  endowments  in  favour 
of  churches. 

The  XVIIth  and  last  mentions, 
that  when  any  of  tlie  successors  of 
the  first  consul  shall  not  be  a  ca- 
tholic, the  rights  mentioned  in  the 
above  articles,  and  the  appointment 
to  bishopricks,  shall  be  regulated  by 
a  new  convention. 

Such  were  tlie  articles  which 
formed  the  foundation  of  the  cele- 
brated concordat. 

There  were  also  other  articles 
drawn  up  for  the  regulation  of  the 
protestant  worship  in  France^ 

Those  changes  and  the  new  re- 
ligious code  were  announced  to  the 
French  people  by  a  proclamatign  of 

the 


202 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


the  fir<;t  consul,  dated  at  Paris,  April 
the  17^h,  to  the  public;  and  a 
solemn  celebration  of  tlie  event  was 
to  take  place  in  the  church  of  !N6trc^ 
Dame,  the  metropolitan  church  of 
Paris,  on  tlie  next  day,  being  Sun- 
day. 

Pre\*iously,  however,  to  the  pub- 
lication of  tills  new  religious  code, 
the   carcUnal    Caprara,    the  pope's 
legate,  had  a  formal  audience  of  the 
first  consul :  the  gowrnment  car- 
riages were  sent  to  his  eminence, 
"who  came  in  state  to  the  Thuil- 
leries ;  he  was  prec(?ded  by  a  detach- 
ment of  grenadiers,  and  of  gens  d'ar- 
mcric,  with  trumpets,   &c.     There 
were  in  his  train  ten  carriages  full 
of  ecclesiastics,  and  the  procession 
-was  closed  by  a  body  of  200 cavalry. 
Tlie  legate  and  his  suite  descended 
at   the   principal   entrance   of   the 
palace  :  iIjo  cross  was  as  usual  car- 
ried beft)re  the  lecate,  and  duringr 
tlic    ceremony    was  placed  at   the 
door  of  \W  council  ciiamber.      At 
this  <x)uncil  the  ministers  and  mem- 
bers  of  the    council    o\    slate    at- 
tended.    The   cardinal  delixcred  a 
flattering  address  to  the  consul,  in 
which  he  complimented  him  both 
on    account    of    his   victories  and 
bis   zeal  for  religion ;    but  among 
the    nrumy    remarkable  expressions 
it    contained    was   the   following: 
•'  The    same    hand  which   gained 
battles,    and    which   signed    jxace 
with  all  nations,  restores  splendour 
tr»  the  temples   of    the  tme  God, 
rt*e-difics  "liis    altars,     and     reesta- 
blishes   his    worship."     Aller    the 
conclusion  of  his  sp<\Th,  the  car- 
dinal signed  tlicy(>/7/7///a  of  an  oath 
in  the    l^itin  linguage,  by  which 
he  engaged  to  observe  the  consti- 
tution, laws,  statutes^  and  aistoms 
of  the  republic. 


To  this  address  the  first  coiuiil 
made  the  fiJlowing  answer : 

"  On  account  of  the  apostolic. 
virtues  by  which  you  are  distin- 
guished, cardinal,  I  behold  yoti, 
with  great  satisfaction,  the  posses- 
sor of  an  extensive  influence  oh  the 
conscience  of  man. 

"  Yon  draw  from  the  gospels  the 
rules  of  your  conduct,  and  conse- 
quently you  will  contribute  much 
to  tiic  extinction  of  animosity,  and 
the  establishment  of  unionj  in  this 
vast  empire.  The  French  nation 
will  long  have  reason  to  rejoice  at 
the  happy  choice  that  I  and  his 
holiness  have  jointly  made  of  yoa. 
I'htr  U'sult  of  your  mission  will 
be  for  the  Chri.^tian  religion,  which 
in  all  ages  has  operated  so  much 
good  to  mankind,  a  fresh  subject 
tor  exultation.  The  enlightened 
philosopher,  and  the  true  friend 
to  man,  will  express  his  saliafac- 
tion  at  this  appointment." 

On  the  Slh,  the  consuls  issued  an 
arrete,  r^rdering  the  I*ope*s  bull  to 
be  insiTled  in  the  bulletin  of  the 
laws,  and  authorizing  the  legate 
to  exercise  his  functions,  after  tak- 
inj;  tlie  prescribed  oath. 

The  magnificence  of  the  Jite 
which  established  and  proclaimed 
the  catholic  religion  in  France, 
^\'as  far  greater  and  more  dazzling 
ihnn  had  attended  any  solemnity  • 
since  the  revolution.  Tiie  repub- 
lican party  had  supposed  that  lliey 
had  in  all  events  thrown  down,  for 
ever  in  France,  the  altar  of  esta- 
blishrd  religion;  they  however 
found  themselves  mistaken.  Tlic 
restoration  of  tiic  national  religion 
was  not  only  eliecled  with  the  ut- 
most splendour  and  solemnity  on  the 
part  of  the  government,  but  it  was 
recci\  ed  by  the  people  at  large  with 

more 


HISTORY     Ol     EUROPE. 


203 


labte  universal  and  sincere  pleasure 
than  any  event  that  had  occurreti  in 
France  since  the  revokition.     The 
procession  of  the  government  to  the 
cathedral    emulated  every  descrip- 
tion of  eastern  luxury  and  pomp. 
The    constituted    authorities    were 
drawn  up  in  the  cathedral  by  eleven 
o'clock,  at  which  hour  the  proces- 
lion  moved   from  the  ^Thuilleries. 
The  first  consul  was   preceded   by 
the  corps  diplomatique,  the  council 
of  state,  the  general  officers,  and  the 
ministers.     His  carriage  was  drawn 
by  eight  horses,  each  led  by  a  ser- 
vant in  a  superb  livery ;  his  corps  of 
Mamelukes    also    attended   in   the 
richest    uniforms.     In    the  church 
the  family  of  Bonaparte  were  seated 
in  the  most  conspicuous  place,  above 
dl  the    consituted    authorities    of 
France.  One  circumstance  occurred 
amidst  this  pomp,  which  showed  the 
caprice  and  the   power  of  fortune. 
Among  the  unnoticed  crowd,  which 
pressed  into  tlie  church   to  see  the 
pageantry,  was  the  wife  of  the  ge- 
neral Moreauy    (a  man    who,   for 
abilities  displayed^ in  war  and  ser- 
vices rendered  to  the  country,  was . 
ranked  b}-  all  Europe    at  least  on 
an  equality   with  Bonaparte:)  she, 
although  not  honoured  with  a  seat 
at  the  cathedral,  was  induced  by 
female  curiosity  to  press  in  among 
the  crowd,  and  received  from    tlie 
iliusket    of  a  soldier  a  blow  which 
nearly  deprived  her  of  life,  while 
every   relation  of  the     Bonapart^s 
were  sitting  in  state  and  security. 
This  circumstance  made  a  consider- 
able sensation  at  Paris;  nor  indeed 
could  it  fail  to  make  an  impression 
on  every  feeling  or  reflecting  mind. 
Tlie  ceremony    proceeded  however 
widi  great  pomp.  Tli^  anthems  and 
the  appropriate  music  was  the  work  of 
the  first  composers  in  France,  and 


tlie  execution  was  by  no  means  in- 
ferior. Every  splendour  that  con- 
suls and  cardinals,  bishops,  arch- 
bishops, and  the  pope's  legate  could 
give  to  the  reestablishment  of  the 
Iloman  catholic  religion  in  France;, 
was  most  profusely  lavished  on  this 
solemnity.  The  magnificence  of 
the  spectacle,  as  well  as  the  occasion 
of  it,  were  highly  pleasing  to  the 
French  people,  and  this  step  added 
very  considerably  to  the  popularity 
of  Bonaparte.  It  must  however 
be  remarked,  that  the  republican 
party  were  much  displeased,  and 
several  of  tlie  military  obejed  witii 
the  utmost  reluctance  the  orders  to 
salute  the  cross  which  was  carried" 
before  the  kgate,  and  murmured 
at  the  ceremony  of  consecrating 
their  standards :  ^'  The  standards  of 
the  French  army,"  they  said,  ''  had 
never  been  so  crowned  with  glory, 
as  when  they  were  not  consecrated.'" 
It  was  also  said  that  the  bishops 
and  clergy,  by  swearing  to  disclose 
to  the  government  every  conspiracy 
or  disadection  in  their  districts,  had 
in  fact  degraded  themselves  into 
mere  spies  of  the  police.  Tlic 
numbers,  however,  of  those  who 
disapproved  of  the  reestablishment 
of  the  national  religion,  were  but 
few  when  compared  with  the  great 
body  by  whom  it  was  approved. 

Ihe  next  step  which  Bonaparte 
took  to  gain  popularity  was  by 
an  act  of  amnesty  to  the  emi- 
grants, and  'vX'hich,  if  it  had  in 
truth  desened  that  title,  would 
have  been  a  glorious  national  re- 
paration for  former  injustice  and 
cruelty. 

The  fate  of  those  imhappy  suf- 
ferers by  the  revolution  was  truly 
deserving  of  pity  :  many  of  them 
had  formerly  enjoyed  all  tlie  com- 
forts* and    all  the    dignity    which 

wealth. 


S04         ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


weril'J^,  rar.k,  and  h-^r.-ur,  c?ji  be- 
jtow,  but  by  o;...  x.:-'  r-vrlutUjii 
•A  :\:t  vhtei  oi'  torx's^iv:  :i.:v  were 
r.r'.vcr:  fr'^m  irii'.i-  }.•.  \.v-  .;  .i  frvni 
tijwir  cjv.riTrv,  and  xli-ipcr-^t-d  2S 
^v:::, Jf  rtTj  and  beggsrs  uvor  lliC 
face  of  the  world.  Xi,t  cnly  their 
ini ? fu 1 1 u  1. r ? ,  bii t  the  5 '- vi -c rai  c  r- 
rfxirje«i5  of  ih^rir  coriciuci  in  ev^r}' 
(:  ri.rjtr}'  v/here  t':  -y  foiiiid  s!i**!«=t, 
gained  tliCiTi  re-p:-it  and  ui.ivtr-al 
corrimiierdtJon.  In  t*rance  rr.Jiiy 
of  the  :?eassrtn-  wt^re  siiil  attach srd 
to  the  families  of  t'leir  ar.cier.t 
lords }  aiid  among  the  higher  cl:is-t'5 
there  were  nuwt  who  ha'",  not  a  rela- 
tion or  friend  among  tix  cla-s  of 
poser ibcd  emigrants.  Mo^t  of 
tiicir  property  had  been  confiscated 
in  the  first  years  of  th^-  revoliiiion, 
and  swallowed  up  by  the  expenses 
of  the  war. 

It  w?:s  not  in  the  power  of  the 
gove!Tjrr:er,t  to  make  corn|)f.nsation 
for  ihfir  los-jes  5  but  to  those  who 
had  been  so  long  in  exile  and 
misery,  it  was  perhaps  a  great 
bfX)n,  onrre  more  to  revisit  their 
country  and  friciids,  were  it  unac- 
companied and  u:j->hnckled  by  con- 
ditions imd  p^n?.!t''  <,  wliich  made 
that  which  h?.d  ti:e  scmbhiice  of 
an  act  of  mercy,  in  etr'ec  i  a  UKxk'i'rv 
of  tfje  mi»;fortunes  of  the  wretched 
objects  \\lKr,e  fate  it  pretended  to 
ameliorate. 

This  act  was  proclaimed  on  the 
27th  of  April,  as  a  law  of  th  j  French 
republic,  and  consisted  of  two  titles, 
under  which  heads  were  included 
Beventeen  article s,  which  injiy  be, 
seen  at  length  in  another  part  of 
this  volume  *. 

By  the  twelfth  article,  all  emi- 
grants, without  e:Lcrplion,  were 
placed  imder  tlie   eye  ai^d  inspec- 


\:c:\  ff  a  tcr.vrr  and  arbitrary  po* 
1  .^.• .  f.r  *:n  y  .'.rs  after  the  23d of 
St:-: e:r.b  :■ .  w !:  i c  h  wa*  llie  defini- 
ti^e  y-.ii.'.'i  a:  pointed  to  close  up 
;h^  :r-t:-s  ^-f  :hi-  n^.t-rcv.  sudi  as  it  was, 
aiji^irt  thos'-*  who  tliJ  not  embrace 
:r  en  or  before  tl-at  day  j  and  by 
the  succeeding  zr.'Cc,  the  iu>pectors 
cf  this  pe::cc  i.3u  the  power,  dunng 
the.-e  ten  y<ars,  of  removing  any^ 
of  the  invl:v;/.i:?.]s,  included  under 
this  act,  to  the  lii stance  of  uixt}-  milei 
from  his  usiiol  place  of  re^ldence^ 
by  his  o\m  pr.  7/rr  authority',  with- 
er t  appeal ;  arid  SL^i-'^t  3ny  of 
those  who  had  sunercd  this  ic-- 
n:^vsl,  it  might,  at  the  expiration 
of  the  ten  year>,  be  extended  to  the 
whole  of  the  lite  ci  the  individual 
by  tlie  sa:Tie  aiitl^iOriiy !  On  this  spe»  ■ 
cies  of  mtrcy  it  is  unnecessary  to 
n::.kc  anv  comment. 

By  ar.oth-  r  article,  all  emigrants 
v.ho  h.::-  vcivivf.i  frrni  foreign 
pov»er-?  places,  titics,  decorations, 
gvatuiiier,,  nr  pt  nylons,  were  boun4 
fonv.ally  '-^  dec!.: re  iheni  before 
certnin  comm:s3io;icr>,  and  formally 
to  renounce  the  srime. 

As  by  anoihcr  article  no  retri- 
bution was  to  be  made  to  them 
fcr  whatever  proportion  of  tlieir 
property  tlie  nation  had  tliought 
proper  to  alienate,  or  otherwise 
dispose,  since  the  revolution,  *it 
was  the  extreme  cf  cruelty  to 
compel  many  of  them  to  resign 
their  only  means  of  subslstencCj 
or  banish  them  /rom  their  coun- 
try, their  friends,  and  connect ionS|. 
for  ever. 

The  following  classes  of  persoas. 
were  totally  exempted  from  the 
beneiit  of  the  present  amnestj'^i 
namely,  those  individuals  who  have 
comiuanded  armies,   assembled  iif 


•  Vide  «  3tate  Papers/* 


hostility 


HISTORT     OF     EUROPE. 


h^ 


hostility  to  tjie  republic  ;  2d,  those 
who  have  had  rank  in  the  enemies' 
armies;  3d,  those  who  since  the 
foundation  have  held  places  in  die 
household  of  the  cUdevant  French 
princes ;  4th,  those  who  were 
known  to  have  been,  or  were 
actually,  movers  oif  the  civil  or  fo- 
reign war ;  5  th,  those  who  com- 
JDanded  by  land  or  sea,  as  well  as 
tlie  representitives  of  the  people, 
^\io  have  been  found  guilty  of 
treason  against  the  republic  3  and 
the  archbishops  and  bishops  *who, 
despising  legitimate  authority,  have 
refused  to  give  in  their  resigna- 
tioo. 

On  this  ample  schedule  of 
exemptions  it  i*  scarcely  worth 
remarking,  how  very  general  the 
4th  head  ^s,  which  says,  that 
"  tliose  who  are  known  to  have 
been,  or  who  were  actually,  movers 
or  agents  of  tlie  civil  or  foreign 
war.'*  This  general  description 
would  appear  likely  to  take  away 
every  hope  from  the  emigrants, 
if  it  was  not  afterwards  qualified  by 
thai  article  which  mentioned  that 
the  number  exempted  should  not 
exceed  1000. 

By  the  seventeenth  article,  part 
of  such  emigrant  property  as  re- 


mained unalienated  in  the  hands  of 
government  was  to  be  restored  to 
them.  Poor  as  this  compensation 
was  for  the  great  losses  they  had 
su-tained,  it  was  yet  perhaps  all 
tliat  could  be  done,  considering  the 
wretched  state  of  theFrcnch  finances, 
Bonaparte  having  thus  conciliated 
the  majority  by  the  restoration  of 
the  catholic  religion,  and  soothed 
a  little  the  resentments  of  the  roy- 
alists by  this  amnesty,  such  as  itwiu;, 
to  the  emigrants,  thought  it  now 
high  time  to  put  into  execution 
the  designs  he  had  long  entertained 
of  being  invested,  at  least  for  Vif^^ 
v/ith  the  sovereignty  of  the  French 
empire,  his  creatures  immediately 
agitated  tlie  question,  w^bat  mark 
of  national  gratitude  was  due  to 
(he  hero  who  had  done  so  much 
for  France  ?  Tliere  was  ^  great 
varieiy  of  opinions.  Many  in  the 
tribunal  considered  it  would  be 
sufficient  to  reelect  him  as  first 
consul  for iive  years. 

The  conservative  senate,  hovv- 
ever,  siipposed  they  were  paying 
him  a  high  honour,  and  meeting 
fully  his  wishes  and  expectations 
by  reelecting  him  for  twice  that' 
period*.  Bonaparto  was  by  no 
means  content  with  this  reelection 


•  The  answer  of  the  first  consul  is  too  remarkable,  both  for  thecxcess  of  modesty 
and  the  spirit  of  prophecy  which  we  hope  it  breathes,  not  to  insert'  it  here. 

"  Senators,  '• 

"  The  honourable  testimony  of  your  esteem,  expressed  in  your  deliberations  of  the 
$th,  shall  be  for  ever  cncrraven  on  my  heart.  The  suffrages  of  the  people  have 
invested  me  with  the  supreme  magistracy.  I  should  not  look  upon  myself  as  assured 
of  the  national  confidence,  if  the  act  that  was  to  continue  itie  in  that  high  office  was 
not  again  sanctioned  by  the  same  suffrage.  During  the  three  years  that  have  just 
elapsed,  fortune  has  smikd  propitiously  on  the  republic  :  but  fortune  is  inconstant ; 
tnd  how  many  are  th(»se  on  whom  she  has  lavished  her  i^vonrs,  that  have  lived  a  few 
years  too  long  !  The  iuicrcst  1  feel  for  my  glory  and  my  happiness  should  seem  to  havs. 
marked  the  term  of  niy  public  life  at  the  moment  that  the  peace  of  the  wnild  was 
proclaimed.  But  every  aitcntion  to  the  glory  and  the  happiness  of  a  citizen  should 
<^se  to  operate  when  the  iiitercst-?  of  the  state  or  the  public  kindness  call  upon  him. 
Vou  think  that  I  owe  a  :k\v  sacrifice  to  the  people  \  that  sacrifice  I  will  make,  if  the 
Wish  of  the  people  coininandi  what  is  authwi^cd  by  your  yote. 

«*  Bonaparte,** 


906       ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


fbr  ten  years ;  be  wished,  if  not 
to  bear  the  name  of  king  or  empe- 
ror, at  least  to  have  t!ie  power 
as  absolute  and  as  permanent  as  iiad 
usually  accompanied  such  titles, 
if  indeed  he  did  not  wish  to  p(;ss(*ss 
the  substance  of  royalty  more  un- 
fettered than  anv  other  sovereiixn 
had  ever  hitherto  done.  No  privi- 
leged parliament,  no  tribunal  of  pub- 
lic opinion,  was  to  restrain  his  will 
during  his  life  time,  and  lie  claimed 
besides  the  right  of  transmitting  the 
sovereign  power  to  wiiorn  he  pleased 
at  his  decease.  Two  diiys  after 
the  resolution  of  the  conservativr. 
ienatc,  the  consuls  proposed  the 
following  question : 

•'  Shall  I»iaj)oleon  Bonaparte  be 
declared  consul  for  life  ?" 

On  tliis  question  the  people  of 
France  were  to  be  cossulted.  ITie 
public  acts  expressing  those  resolu- 
tions are  to  be  found  in  our  col- 
lections of  State  Pitpcrs. 

The  mode  of  collecting  tlie  suf- 
frages was  as  follows :  re,L;isters 
were  oj)ened  in  ever}'  con^mune, 
•urhtre  the  citizens  were  officially 
invited  to  sign  their  opinion  upon 
this  great  quoj5tion. 

I'hese  registers  were  opened  to 
the  secretaries  of  all  administrations, 
to  the  grefiiers  of  the  tribunals,  and 
to  all  mayors  and  notaries. 

The  time  allowed  for  voting  in 
each  department  was  three  weeks, 
xcckoning  from  the  day  of  the 
arrival  of  the  official  Qtrvlti  at  the 
prefectiu'e,  and  seven  days,  rec- 
koning from  its  arrived  at  each 
€3ommune. 

The  ministers  were  charged  with 
t}ic  CNXCution  of  the  arrite^  and  it 
was  solemnly  inserted  in  ilic  bullc- 
tio  of  tlie  laws. 

It  was  easy  to  foresee  which  way 
2 


this  mock  election  mtist  be  decided* 
No  time  was  allowed  for  any  na- 
tional concert  of  opinion  5  Paris  ^iw 
not  permitted  to  take  the  leadj  as  it 
had  done  on  former  occasions  \  the 
question  was  put  to  all  the  com* 
niunes  of  France  at  the  same  time* 
Bonaparte's  reelection  -ivas  secure, 
for  it  was  not  in  the    nature  of 
thinp;s  to  supix)se  that  any  consi- 
derable num!>er  of  peasants,  in  any 
remote  corner  of  a  distant  province, 
would  venture  to  record  their  op- 
position to  the  established  govern- 
ment, without  knowing  how   the 
rest  of  France  was  atfected,  or  whe- 
ther they  would  not,  by  such  an 
act,    sign    tlieir   own   warrant  for 
death  or  deportation.     Besides,  as 
there  was  to  be  no  public  decla- 
ration of  opinion,  but    the    votes 
were  to  be  inscribed  in  books  kept 
by  the  agents  of  tlie  government, 
it  was  not  of  tlie   slightest    con- 
sequcnc«  which    way    they    were 
given;  for  as  all  tliase  registers  were 
to  be  given  up  to  the  ministen  of 
tlie  interior  and  of  justice,  those  two 
ministers  could  declare   the   num- 
ber of  votes  as  they  pleasec],    and 
assuredly  there  was  no  individual  iu 
France  who  would  dare  to  demand 
a  scrutiny.     1'he  climate  and  go- 
^'ernmcnt  of  Guiana  had  no  attrac- 
tions for  those  who  wished  to  be 
permitted  to  live  in  France.  Carnott 
however,  and  some  determined  ja- 
cobins, did  venture  to  inscribe  their 
dissent  -,  but  as  this  dissent  was  of 
no  consequence,  they  were  neither 
guillotined  nor  deported.      Camot 
was  so  certain  of  the  latter  fete, 
tliat  when  he  made  his  signature, 
he  added,  that  he  was'  signing  his 
own  deportation.     At  lengtli,  when 
tiiis  farce  of  enregistering  was  ovct, 
and  the  books  deposited  with  the 

m'uii^ten. 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.        ?Q7 

ministers,  they  were  pleased  to  dc-     independent  by  the  treaty  of  Lu- 

clare    that    above    3,000,000    had    n^ville,    he   treated    as    conquered 

voted  for  the  question,  and  only  a    provinces;     the    German    ecnpirpj^ 

few  hundreds  against  it.     Frpm  the    which  in  the  customary  slowness  of 

particuTar  circumstances  of  the  times    its   proceedings  made  many  ^4elaysi 

m  which  the  question  was  put,  and    upon   the  settling  of  the   questioa 

fromthe  considerations  already  men-    of  indemnities,  was  threi^tened  by 

tioned,  it  is  possible  that  3,000,000    France  j  and  all  the  lesser  colonies,. 

might  have  voted  for  the  question,    which  had  been  ceded,  were  now 

It  is  also  possible,  and  full  as  pro-     in    his   possession  ;     and   the    dis- 

bable,  that  there  was  a  juggle  among    patches    which    arrived    from    St. 

the  ministers  about  tliose  registers,     Domingo,    tlie    only    one    of   the 

and  that  the  numbers  they  had  de-    French     colonies    which    appeared 

dared   were    not  the  real  number    likely  to  form  an  independent  re- 

of  those  who  had  voted.     Be  that    public    under   Toussaint    IJ  Oliver- 

as  it  may,  Bonaparte  accepted  tlie     turcy    announced   that  it  also  was 

declaration  of  his  ministers  as  the    obliged  to    bow  to  the  fortune  of 

voice  of  the  people,   and  caused  it    Bonaparte.     Jerome,   the  youngest 

immediately  to  be  inserted  in  the    brotlier  of  the  first  consul,  was  the 

iulletin  of  the  laws  j  he,  however,    bearer  of  these  dispatches,  the  first 

did  not  choose  to  submit  to  them    which  had   arrived   from   St.   Do- 

the  second  question,  *^  Whether  he    mingo ,  the  landing  at  which,  and 

should  have  liberty  to  appoint  his    the  capture  of   the  Cape,  were  a 

successor  ?'*  This  question  he  pro-    part  of   his  welcome  tidings.     He 

cnred  to  be  decided  in  his  favour,    was  received  in  France  with  trans- 

in  the  conservative  senate,  without    ports  of   exultation,    and  the   re- 

the    mockery    of   consulting     the    possession   of   that    vast    and  im-r 

people.     These  two  questions  being    porlant   colony   was    looked   upon 

thus    decided,    his  title  to  the  so-    as  certain. 

veneignty  of  France,  which  was  From  the  Porte,  Bonaparte  had 
acquired  by  the  sword,  became  obtained  a  confirmation  of  the 
confirmed  and  established  by  the  highly  advantageous  terms  of  the 
law.  commercial  treaty  with  that  power. 

This  event  placed  him,  to  all  which  he  had  originally  by  fraud 
intents  and  purposes,  among  the  concluded,  as  the  price  of  the 
spvereigns  of  Europe  5  and  the  evacuation  of  Egypt,  at  the  rao- 
only  remaining  question  was,  what  ment  when  his  whole  army  in  that 
degree  of  influence  he  might  be  countr)'-  were  the  captives  of  the 
permitted  to  exert  in  that  capa-  English,  and  to  which  some  de- 
citv  ?  mur  had   since  arisen  at  Constan- 

In  addition  to  France,  as  It  was  tinople. 
enlarged  by  the  war,  he  held  the  in  Spain,  his  influence  was  as 
Italian  republic.  Piedmont,  Parma^  unbounded  as  it  was  exacting. 
Racentia,  and  the  isle  of  Elba:  Louisiana,  that  vast  and  incalcu- 
Etnaria  and  Naples  were  absolutely  lably  valuable  possession,  he  had 
dependent  on  him  3  Switzerland  and  wrested  from  her,  under  the  pretence 
Holland^  tho^^S^  declared  free  aod    of  negotiation : .  and  Portngal  was 

trembling 


SOS 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


trembling  under  the  frown  of  his 
smbassndor^  ^^ho  seemed  to  con- 
fider  tliat  country  as  the  scene  of 
his  mllitar}'  prefectui^,  rather  than 
as  an  independent  state..  In  fine^ 
he  was  now  raised  to  the  h^rrbest 
pinnacle  of  gloiy  and  power  that 
ambition  had  ever  soared  to.    All 


obsLicles  to  his  universal  empire 
seemed  to  have  been  conquered; 
and  it  only  now  remained  to  be 
decided^  'whether  fortune  or  his 
own  prudence  could  maintain  him 
long  in  the  giddy  eminence  to  which 
the  surprising  events  of  the  last 
six  years  had  raised  him. 


cniAP- 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


20» 


CHAP.   XVIi* 

txpedilion  to  St,  Domingo. ^-Prolalle  Value  of  that  Colony  to  France-^ 
State  of  it  at  the  Time  of  the  Expedition — Force  of  the  Armament.-^ 
Character  ofToussaint  LOuverture. — ylrriva!  of  the  French  Fleet,  and- 
Army,  at  the  Cape — Resistance  experienced — Success — Cape  burned'^ 
Surrender  of  many  of  the  Mack  Chiefs  —all  the  Coast  repossessed  ly  the 
French. — Negotiation  with  Toussaint  broken  off—Toussaint  declared  a 

'  Rebel — Generals  Le  Clerc,  and  Rochambeau,  ^c.  march  against  him^—^* 
Reinforcements  arrive  from  France. — Plan  of  tlie  Campaign — partial' 
Success  and  Defeat. — Attack  of  Toussaint  in  his  Intrenchnients,  and 
complete  Defeat. '^Reverse  of  Fortune  for  a  Moment— final  Success  of 
ike  French. — Toussaint  surrenders  with  his  Generals  on  Terms — violated 
'^arrested  and  sent  home  to  France — imprisoned,  and  dies, — JVar  begurt 
(fresh. — Conclusion, 


AT  the  close  of  our  last  chapter 
we  took  occasion  to  mention 
the  arrival  of  dispatches  from  St. 
t)omingo  to  France,  with  favourable 
accounts  of  the  progress  of  the 
French  arms,   towards  the  accom- 

eishing  that  object,  for  which,  even 
fore  he  had  made  peace,  the  first 
consul  had  risked  the  greatest  arma- 
ment ever  dispatched  to  the  new 
world.  We  shall  now  resume  the 
subject ;  nor  discontinue  it,  till  we 
have  detailed,  in  connected  airange- 
ment,  all  the  transactions  of  this 
fcxtraordinary  and  novel  warfare, 
Which  occurred  within  the  year^ 
and  which  involves  in  its  conse- 
quences not  only  the  most  important 
objects  to  the  parent  country,  but 
to  Great  Britain  herself,  and  perhaps 
to  the  whole  human  race. 

In  the  ready  acquiescence  of 
Bonaparte  and  tlie  French  govern- 
ment to  the  preliminaries,  which 
fonned  the  foundation  of  the  treaty 
of  Amiens,    it  appeared    that  the 

Vol.  XLIV. 


most  powerful  consideration  which 
induced    such    eager    acquiescence 
was  the  recovery  of  St.  Domingo. 
A  fleet  had  beeli  for  a  long  time 
collected  at  Brest,  and  a  considerable 
army   had  been  assembled  in  the 
neighbourhood.     Although  Ireland 
was  held  out  as  the  intended  object 
of  the  expedition  which  was  thus  pre- 
paring, yet  it  had  been  observed,  for 
a  considerable  time  before  the  pre- 
liminaries were  signed,  that  it  was 
to   this  army  the   French  govern- 
ment sent  all  the  West  India  refugees 
and  black  troops  then  in  France  j 
and  as  it  was  hardly  reasonable  to 
suppose  that  they  could  ever  have 
been  intended  to  be  employed  in  an 
expedition  against  Ireland,  it  appears 
probable,   and  almost  certain,  that 
this  fleet  and  army  were  assembled 
at  Brest,   merely   with  a  view  of 
holding  out  a  menace  during  war^ 
and  for  the  real  purpose  of  occupy- 
ing St.  Domingo,  as  soon  as  ever 
the  British  government  should  be 
P  persuade,<l 


210       ANNUAL   REGISTlUR,  1§02. 


persuaded  to  sign  such  a  peace  as 
France  expected  and  required. 
Early  in  the  month  of  October 
]801>  the  preliminaries  were  signed 
between  the  French  and  English 
governments  -,  and  witliout  waiting 
ror  the  discussion  of  those  points 
that  were  to  be  arranged  before  a 
definitive  treaty  could  be  signed, 
the  French  government^  with  an 
almost  inconceivable  degree  of 
activity,  equipped  in  the  ports  of 
Eochefort,  Toulon,  Havre,  and 
Flushing,  those  armaments  which 
were  to  cooi>erate  with  the  grand 
equipment  at  Brest,  of  which  admi- 
ral Villaret  Joyeuse  was  the  naval 
commander,  and  general  Ix-clerc 
(who  had  married  the  sister  of  the 
£rst  consul)  the  commander  of  the 
land  forces,  with  the  commission 
of  captain-general  of  St.  Domingo. 
TTie  great  solicitude  for  the  recovery 
of  that  colony,  the  astonishing  ac- 
tivity in  fitting  out  the  expedition, 
and  the  possible  loss  uf  the  entire 
French  navy  incurred  by  it,  are  not 
to  be  wondered  at  when  the  im- 
mense importance  of  the  island 
is  considered,  the  character  and 
power  of  Toussaint  LOuverture 
who  then  governed  it,  and  the 
great  difficulties  which  the  nature 
of  the  country,  and  its  numerous 
and  armed  population,  would  most 
probably  oppose  to  a  forcible  occu- 
pation of  the  island.  As  to  tlie 
intrinsic  value  and  importance  of 
St.  Domingo  as  a  colony,  it  is  al- 
most beyond  the  po\rcr  of  calcu- 
lation. That  part  of  it  which  bo- 
longed  to  France  before  the  war, 
which  was  barely  one  third  of  the 
island,  and  by  far  the  least  feilJle, 
was  more  productive  and  prolifciblc, 
m  ever)'  point  of  view,  ilum  all  the 
British  West  India  islands  taken  ti>- 
gcthcr :  the  valuo  of  its  annua]  ex- 


ports were  above  7>000,000f.  rter- 
ling,  which  employed  lG40  shiost 
and  20,770  seamen.  When  to  this 
possession  should  be  added  the  Spa* 
nish  part  of  the  island,  it  would  be 
a  moderate  calculation  to  state  the 
future  probable  value  of  the  whole 
island,  moderately  speaking,  at  three 
times  the  value  whicli  the  French 
part  alone  ix)ssesscd  before  the  war. 
Even  when  the  whole  island  should 
be  brought  to  the  state  in  which 
the  FrtMich  part  was  formerly,  it 
would  not  then  be  half  peopled 
or  half  cultivated,  and  would  still 
hold  out  the  fairest  prospects  of  in* 
creasing  wealth  and  resources.  It 
was  tlierefore  clear  thai  if  France 
could  only  hold  St.  Domingo  as 
a  colony,  she  need  hardly  wish  f^Ji 
more  foreign  possessions,  as  that 
island  alone  would  be  worth  all  thf 
colonies  which  the  other  Eurojieafi 
st;ites  ix)sscss  (taken  collectivcly)i 
both  for  intrinsic  value  and  from  tha 
number  of  ships  and  seamen  itwotild 
employ  in  time  of  peace,  which  , 
would  at  once  lay  the  firm  foonda- 
tion  of  a  commerce  and  a  navr, 
tliat  at  no  very  distant  day  must  ht 
superior  to  that  of  any  other  nation. 
Tliese  considerations,  which  involv- 
ed materially  the  future  destinies  ot' 
tlie  I'Vench  empire,  were  naturally 
among  the  principal  objects  of  its 
government :  the  expedition  there* 
fore  for  St.  Domingo,  which  bad 
been  long  preparing,  was  completely 
eqnippixl  within  a  very  short  time 
uftrr  ilie  signini;  of  tlie  prelimina* 
rlcs,  allowed  a  chance  to  the  French 
tlici  of  making  tlie  passage,  without 
being  obstructed  or  captured  by  the 
Knglish  force.  Such  bein^  the  inten- 
lioiisand  views  of  the  French  go^ 
Nc'rhmcnt,  at  the  time  of  signing  the 
prcliniinarie!!,  it  is  worthy  of  alien* 
tion  to  observe  >^  hai  m  js  the  state 

of 


HISTORY     OF    EUROPE.  2ji 

fir  the  island  at  that  time,  and  the  of  conducting  armies  witli  consum- 
diaracter  of  thosie  who  possessed  its  mate  kill  3  statesmen  of  no  common 
government.  or  bounded  views  :  some  who,  at 
The  colony  of  St.  Dpmingo  had  the  schools  at  the  Cape,  and  the 
sutured  more  in    proportion  than  other  principal  towns,  had  learned 
the  mother  country,  by  the  excesses  in  their  youdi,  from  European  mas- 
which  the  false  and  extravagant  no-  ters,  those  sciences  and  that  know- 
lions  of  lit)erty  had  given  rise  to  in  the  ledge  in  which  Europe  so  much 
commencement  of  the  French  revolu-  excels  5  others  who,  with  litde  or 
tion.  There  were  three  distinct  classes  no  education,  drew  from  tlie  native 
of  men  in  the  island ;  the  whites,  the  strength  and  resources  of  their  own 
men  of  colour,  and  the  blacks.    Not-  minds,  a  capability  of  filling  the  most 
withstanding  the  jacobin  and    le-  important  situations  with  decency, 
veiling  sentiments  which  then  pre-  Of  this  niunber,  if  fortune  were  al- 
vailed  in  the  French  army,  yet  the  ways  constant  to  merit,   in  Tous* 
ganisons   of  St.  Domingo  at  first  sai?it  L'Ouverture,  not  orAyihe  poet, 
tided  with  the  two  former  classes,  but  the  faithful  historian^  would  have 
who  were  the  pi'oprietors,  against  seen  "  hands  which  the  rod  of  em- 
the  claims  of  the  blacks  to  eman-  pire  might  have  swayed."     The  as- 
cioadon.     The  whites  and  the  men  cendency  of  his  genius  entided  him 
of   colour    afterwards     quarrelled  to  the  chief  command  among  his 
among  themselves,  and  the  French  countrymen,  and  when  the  course 
garrisons  were  too  feeble  to  inter-  of  events  had  made  him  for  years; 
fere  with  success,  in  settling  their  the  supreme  governor  of  the  island, 
civil  broils.     At  length,  when  die  he  "  bore  his  faculties  so  meekly,** 
continuance  of  the  war  in  Europe  acted  with  so  much   honour  and 
put  it  out  of  the  power  of  France  justice  to  foreign  merchants,   and 
to  send  any  reinforcements  of  troops  showed  so  strong  a  desire  to  raise 
to  St.  Domingo,  and  die  island  ap-  the   race  of  his   fellow  negro  ci- 
peared  likely  to  become  an  Eng-  tizcns,  not  only  in  polidcal    rank 
fish  colony,    the  republican  troops  but  in  moral  character,  that  the  eyes 
were  obliged  decidedly  to  call  in  the  of  the  world  were    turned   upon 
aid  of  die  blacks  to  *pel  the  Eng-  him,  as  one  of  those  extraordinary 
lish  and    defend    the  island.      In  men  whose  fortune  it  was  to  be  the 
order  to  make  of  slaves  enthusiastic  founders  of  empires  and  republics* 
Soldiers,  no  less  a' promise  than  that  He  was  considered  as  the  JfVashing^ 
of  liberty  was  held  out  to  them,  ton  or  Bonaparte  of  St.  Domingo, 
It  was  for  liberty  that  they  stood  and  the  man  who  was  fated  to  be 
widi  fidelity  to  their  posts,  bravely  die  principal  instrument  of  rcstor- 
met  the    dangers    of   battle,   and  ing    the    negro  race    to    freedom 
without  assistance  from  die  mother  and  itidependence.     Viewed  in  this 
country  defended  die  colony  against  light,  he  vjras  undoubtedly  the  most 
the  power  of  Great  Britain,  the  proud  interesting  of  all  the  puWic  characters 
mistress  of  the  seas.  Among  this  race  which  appeared  on  the  great  stage 
of  negroes,  formerly  so  despisedj  were  of  political  events  for  tne  present 
immediately  found  characters  suited  year.     For    sever^  years    before^ 
to  the  vast  parts  which  they  were  the  whole  weight  of  the  govem- 
tfllled  upon  to  act«   Generals  capable  meat  of  St.  Domingo  bad  bc^n 

P  2  •  sustained 


212        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802;- 

sustained  by  him  -,  he  had  subdued  When    this    party,    with    general 
or  tranquillized  every  party  that  op-  Moyse    at   their    head,    was    sub- 
posed    him,     and    had    at    length  dued,  Toussaint  turned  his  atten- 
drawn  up   a   constitution  for  that  tion    to   secure   the   independcnc«' 
country,  such  as  in  his  judgment  and  interests  of  the  island  by  ne- 
promibcd   to  secure    its   happiness  gotiations  wilJh  America  and  Engw 
and  independence.    In  forming  this  land.      The    negotiation   with  the 
constitution   himself,    and   in    not  government  of  Jamaica  appeared  in 
sending  to  Bonaparte  to  form  one  tlie   greatest  state  of  forwardness, 
for  St.  Domingo,  it  was  considered  when  it  was  abruptly  broken  pfF; 
by  tlie  first  consul,  that  this  chief  in  consequence  of  the  news  arriv- 
of  the   colony  had  committed  an  ing  at  Jamaica  of   the  conclusion 
open  act  of  rebellion  against  him  as  of  iht  preliminary  treaty,    and  al- 
sovereignofthe  mother  country;  but  most    immediately  after  Toussaint 
in  justice  to  the  moral  character  of  learned  tliat  a  great  fleet  and  army 
Toussaint,    it  must  be    recollected  was  on  its  passage  to  St.  Domingo* 
that  France  had  abandoned  the  is-  lie  then  complained  most  bitterly  of 
land,  during  the  war,  to  the  blacks,  the  want  of  good  faith  in  our  govern- 
and  that  they,  not  knowing  of  the  ment,  who,  he  said,  had,  without  any 
private  negotiations    between   lord  provocation  on  his part,coa]escedwith 
Hawkesbury  and   M.  Otto,«  natu-  France  to  ruin  himj  and,indeed,when . 
rally  considered  tlie  war  would  be  it   is  considered  how  easily  Eng- 
of  much  longer  duration,  and  there-  land  could  have  prevented  the  sailing 
fore  ventured  to  make  a  constitution  of  the  expedition  if  she  had  thought 
for  themselves,   without  consulting  proper,  this  supposition  appeared  to 
the  great  constitution -maker  of  Eu-  have  some  foundation.    It  was  only 
rope  :  this  was  their  great  offence;  in  the  month  of  January  1802^  that 
and  no  sooner  did  they  hear  of  the  it  was  known  at  St.  Domingo  that 
preliminaries  being  signed  tlian  they  peace  had  been  concluded  with  Eng- 
saw  on  their  coasts  an  immense  fleet  land,  and  before  the  month  had  ex- 
and  army,  destined  to   occupy   the  pired  the  French  armament  appeared 
island    as    masters,     and    possibly  before  their  ports ;  there  was  there- 
to   reduce    them   to   tlie    state  of  fore  very  little  time  to  make  any 
slavery,  from  which  they  had  pur-  preparations,  or  hardly  time  for  the 
chased  their  emancipation  by  their  blacks  to  form  an  opinion  whether 
blood,  and  by  their  courageous  de-  the  French  came  as  friends  or  foes* 
fence  of  the  colony.    Toussaint  had  The  French  force  that  presented  itself 
j ust  suppressed  an  insurrection ,  which  before  St.  Domingo  was  probably  the 
must  have  been  the  most  afflicting  most  formidable    armament  which 
to  his  feelings  as  a  man,  inasmuch  had  ever  sailed  at  one  time  to  the 
as   it  was  headed  by  his  nephew,  western  hemisphere)  the  only  docu- 
general  Moyse,    in  whom  he  had  menthke  an  official  account  of  their 
reposed  entire  confidence.      From  force  appears  in  a  letter  from  then*  ad- 
the    protection   that   the  humanity  miral  Villaret  Joy  ease  to  the  British 
of  Toussaint  afforded  to  the  whites,  admiral   Duckworth,    commanding . 
X  party  was  formed  against  him,  who  at  Jamaica.     As  the  object  of  this 
cried  out  that    he   had  abandoned  letter  was   to  obtain,  if  necessary, 
Aiid  sold  the  blacks  to  the  \\  hites.  supplies  and  ammunition^   it  must 

there- 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE.         21S 

therefore    be    supposed    that   the    Rochefort,  and  also  by  some  ships 
French  adnairal,  in  order  to  allay  any    from  Ferrol,  commanded    by    the 
jealousy  or  alarm,  rather  underrated    Spanish  admiral  Gravina.     A  part 
than   exaggerated  his   force.     The    of  the    squadron    was    sent  from 
satement  of  Fillaret   Joyeuse  was    tlience  with  the  division  of  general 
as  follows :  that  twenty-nve  sail  of   Kervcyseau,  to  take  possession   of 
the  line  had  entered  the  ports  of  St.    the  city  of  St.  Domingo,  and  the 
Domingo,  but  that  five  sail  being    Spanish  part  of  the  island,  while 
Spanish,  were  to  proceed  immedi-    the  main  body  proceeded  to  Cape 
ately  to  the  Havannah  -,  that  three    Francois,  before  which  harbour  they 
sail  of  the  remainder  w^re  merely    presented  themselves  on  the  3d  of 
armed  en  flute^  and  that  the  number    February.     A  small  squadron  was 
of  the  troops  they  had  brought  out    detached  to  take  possession  of  Port 
was  sixteen  thousand  men  5  fliat  he    au  Prince,   which  expedition  was 
daily  expected  six  sail  more,  three    confided  to  general  Boudet,  while 
of  which  were  Batavian,  and  were    the  grand  army  under  the  orders  of 
to  proceed  to  their  own  ports,  and    Leclerc  and  Rochambeau  prepared 
that    these  vessels  were  to  bring    to  take  possession  of  the  Cape  and 
about  5  or  6000  additional  troops,    all  the  important  positions  in  the 
The  great  pains  taken  in  this  letter    north  of  the  island.    The  French 
to  describe  the  naval  force  as  little    generals  were  by  no  means  certain, 
formidable  as  possible,  leaves  strong    whether  Toussaint  meant  to  resist 
room  to  suppose  that  the  account  of   or  not ;  their  operations,  however, 
the  land  forces  were  probably  under-    were   so  calculated  and  combined 
rated  when  they  were  thus  stated  at    as  to  overcome  any  resistarice  that 
only  21  or  22,000  men.      When  it    they  could  expect  to  find.     While 
18  considered  that  the  squadrons  of    the  grand  fleet  lay  direcdy  before 
Gantheaume   and    Linois  both   ar-    the    port,     the    first    debarkation 
rived  very  shortly  after  this  letter    was  made  on  the  3d  of  February, 
was  written,  -we  cannot  fairly  esti-    in  the  bay   of  Mancenille,  about 
mate  the  force   destined   to  make    twenty- five  miles  east  of  the  Cape, 
the  first   attack  on    St.   Domingo    This    army    was    commanded    by 
at  less    than    25,000    troops  and    generals  Rochambeau  and  Brunet, 
twenty-six  sail  of  the  line,    with    On    their    landing,    a    tumultuous 
a  proportional  number  of  frigates ;    assemblage  of  blacks  made  a  show 
this  force  too,  great  as  it  was,  was  to    of  resistance,  crying  "  No  whites, 
be  followed  by  other  reinforcements,    no  whites  3"  tliey  were,  however. 
The  details  of  the  passage  of  the    soon    rautcd    and    dispersed,    and 
French  fleet  were  given  in  a  letter    general  Brunet    entered  with    the 
from  the   admiral  Villaret  Joyeuse    rugitives   into   the    forts  of  Ance 
to  the  French  minister  of  marine :     and   Bouque,   which,  after  a  des- 
they  had  been  detained  by  contrary    perate  resistance,  were  carried  by 
winds  in  Brest  harbour  till  the  14th    the  French  troops.     A  French  fleet 
of  December,  upon  which  day  they    in  the  mean  time  entered  the  roads 
sailed,  and  in  forty-six  days  made    of  Fort    Dauphin^    but    although 
Cape  Samanah,  the  nearest  port  of    the  blacks    kept   up  a  cannonade 
St.  Domingo 5  there  they  were  joined    for  some  time,  they  were  obliged 
by  a  division 'which    sailed  from    to  evacuate  it  on  the  near  approach 

P  3  of 


214         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1803. 


ot  the  Frer.cQ  trcops,  supported  by 
the  tir-j  cf  the  squa-irc:^..     la  t-ils 
mauner  iVIl  Fr::  Dijrhin.  :h-  nrst 
imp: n jr.:    pest  vvhich  the    French 
gut  pv^fOisioa  cr":    here   RccL.Tm- 
beau  found  150  pieces  ct  caiuva, 
a  iTigizine   ot"    proviiioas..    aiiJ  a 
jX)5;uor*    tliji    it   ujs    not   in    the 
pewer   of   the  blacks   to  dislocate 
bim    firm.      The   erand  amiv  of 
Leclerc  waited  for  the  ncT*->  of  this 
first    debarkation :    when,  in    the 
evening  of  the  4th,  the  S}Tene  fri- 
gate  brought     intell:£:ence    of    its 
success :  the  grand  r-nny  was  with- 
out delav  landed  about  thirtv  miles 
to  the  westuiaid  of  the  Cape,  be- 
tween   Margot  and   Limbe.     The 
town  of  the  Cape  wa>  evidently  no 
longer  tenable :  while  it  was bloiked 
t;p  on  the  eastern  side  byRocharabeau, 
Leclejc's  grand  amiy  wns  marching 
on  it  from  the  west,  ?.nd  the  entire 
fleet  presented  itself  abreast  of  the 
harbour,  and  begat:  to  cair^ionado  Fort 
Ficcolet,  and  the  batteries  which  de- 
fended the  entrance  iiiin  the  roads  ; 
this  cannonade  was  however  briskly 
returned  by  the  blacks  in  the  forts, 
and  general  Christc^he,  who  com- 
manded there,  did  not  evacuate  the 
town,  without  opposing e^ery  resist- 
ance that  in  those  circumstances  it 
was  possible  to  make  ;  but  when  it 
n  considered  tliat  20,000  veteran 
French  troops^  supported  by  an  im- 
merse number  cf  ships  of  war, were 
preparing  for  an  immediate  attack, 
it  Mas  in  vain   for  him  to  attempt 
any  longer  to  defend  it ;  he  how- 
/»Aer  let   the   French    comn:anders 
know,  that  he  should  certainlv  bum 
the  town  if  they  persevered  in  iheir 
hostile  measureb.     The  French  ge- 
nerals, partly  aware  of  the  pr(»ba- 
bility  of  that  e\ent,had  accelerated 
their  march  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  make  it  impossible  fcr  bim  to 


cuiTT  his  threats  into  complete  ew- 
cu::  "a.  Although  he  did  cause  fire 
tc  be  set  to  part  of  the  tv^wn,  he  was 
ob-'iged  to  erietiite  it.  and  the 
French  entered  it,  before  the  fire 
Lid  done  anv  vcrr  c\^nsiderjhle  mis- 
cLic-f ;  a  gPKt  psirt  of  the  rich  plan* 
taiions  in  the  nel£hbourh<.c<d,  were 
also  preserved  by  the  precipitate 
retreat,  which  the  rapid  advance  of 
the  French  trvx^p*  obliged  Chris- 
tophe  to  make. 

In    those  dr>;  operations  of  the 
w.ir,  which  c:Lve  the  French   pos- 
session   cf    Cape    Francis,    Fort 
Dauphin,  and   seme  of  the    most 
important  points  in  the  colony,  it 
does  not   appear  that  any    degree 
of  courage  or  skill,  on  the  part  ot 
the  blacks,  cculd  have  opposed  aa  • 
etrlctujl  resNunce.     No  town  that 
is    n»n  cvin.ple tely    fortified,    aikt 
siro«:>c;'y  gnrn-t>ned.  could  pretend 
to    a<i>t    c:V«cti:allv    a     force    of 
20.(K»0  Aetcrar*.  and  twentv*  ships 
of  il*e  line :    the  blacks,  however, 
showed  a    considerable  degree   ot 
spirit  and   determination :    Ijeclerc 
confe<"«ed  that  the  tons    of  Ance 
and  Bouque  made  a  de^pt^rate  re- 
sistance ta  Ri^chambcau's  division, 
and  the  Fort  Piccolel,  and  theotliers 
which    defended    the   <  ntrance  of 
the  harbour,  were  not  to  be  silenced 
by   the   whole  French  fleet,    luiti! 
they  had  also  been  threatened  on  the 
land  side.     The  onler-*  which  were 
issued  by  Christophe  to  the  com- 
mander of  Fort  Dauphin,  and   ail 
those  in  his  district,  vere  tb  sinkj 
if  they  could,  all  the  Frrnch  vessels^ 
to   defend  themselves    to    the   last 
exi remit}  ,  and,  it  obliged  to  retreat, 
to  bum  ever)'  thing  N-hind  them : 
this  was  the  plan  he  himself  pro- 
fesst-d  tiiat  he  would  act  upon ;   and 
in    answer    to    the    summons   of 
the  French  generals,    he    replied, 

that 


y 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


315 


that  he  would  receive   ho  orders 
but  from  Toussaint,  and  If  he  was 
obliged  to  retire,-  he  should  certainly 
bum  the  town  of  the  Cape.    The 
Fiiench,  notwithstanding   the  atro- 
cities  commit  ted   by    themselves, 
affected  to  consider  this  as  a  most 
barbarous  resolution:  to  an  impar- 
tial observer,  it  must  however  ap- 
pear that   it    was    impossible    for 
Christophe  to  have  acted  a  more 
spirited,   soldier-like,  and  patriotic 
]xut  than  he  did  in  this  resolution, 
which  was  not  the  effect  of  passion, 
but  the  cool  determination  Which 
he  had  previously  formed,  and   let 
the  French  know  of  before   they 
landed.    The  object  that  the  blacksL. 
fought  for  wias  liberty :  tliey  sus- 
pected, and  with  very  good  reason, 
that  whatever  specious  proclamations 
the  French  might  issue,  they  came 
over  to  St.  Domingo  with  a  view 
to  reduce  them  again    to   slavery. 
Under  these  circumstances,    were 
Christophe    the    most    enlightened 
chieftain  that  ever  led  an  army,  he 
would  probably  have  given  the  same 
directions,  to  burn  in  the  retreat, 
every  house  that  could  give  shelter 
to  a  Frencliman,  and  lav  waste  all 
those    plantations     which     might 
te^npt  their  avarice.      His  retreat 
was  in  the  mountains,  where  the 
invadevs    could   be    opposed  witli 
the  greatest  advantage.     While  the 
main  body  of  the  French  army  Bad 
thus  begun  the  campaign  with  such 
success  on  the  northern  part  of  the 
island,  the  divisions  marched  to  the 
other  points  were  also  successful  be- 
yond what  they  could  have  expected. 
The  Spanish  part  of  the  isjand  was 
given  up  without  a  shot  being  fired : 
gt^neral  Clervaux.  (a  mulatto  gene- 
ral), who  comiTianded  the  northern 
part,    was  induced  by    the   inter- 
fcreace  of  citizen  Nonvic^e,   bi" 


shop  of  the  French  part,  to  betraj 
his  trust,  and  drive  away  the  bro- 
ther of  Toussaint,  who  had  been  ap- 
pointed governor  of  the  whole  of  tne 
Spanish  territory.  Greneral  Laplume* 
who  commanded  in  the  southern 
district,  acted  a  similar  part,  and 
the  French  general  Kervel^a 
entered  the  capital  city  of  St,  Do- 
mingo without  any  opposition.  The 
Spanish  settlers  rejoiced  in  thfe 
change,  as  it  appeared  to  them,  the 
recovery  of  their  property  and  their 
negroes.  In  the  southern  districts 
of  the  ancient  French  part  of  the 
island,  the  arms  of  the  invaders 
were  also  successful :  the  division 
of  general  Boudet  landed  almost 
without  opposition,  and  carried  by 
storm  the  works  and  town  of  Port 
au  Prince,  although  defended  by 
4000  blacks  )  general  Humbert  suc- 
ceeded in  taking  Port  au  Paix ;  and 
in  this  manner,  in  the  course  of  four 
or  five  days,  all  the  principal  posts 
of  the  island  were  in  the  possession 
of  the  French,  who  by  their  ope* 
rations  had  now  gained  this  immense 
advantage,  that  they  had  the  power 
of  acting  either  offensively  or  de- 
fensively, accordingly  as  circum- 
stances  might  incline  tliem. 

Toussaint  himself  a|)pears  to  have 
been  in  tlie  interior  of  the  country 
at  the  time  of  the  invasion,  "^and 
therefore,  notwithstanding  the  re- 
sistance made  by  Christo^e  at  the 
Cape,  a  proposal  was  sent  to  him 
on  the  part  of  the  French  ge- 
neral, offering  him  the  situation  of 
lieutenant  -  general  of  the  island, 
if  he  would  submit.  This  pro- 
posal was  accompanied  hy  tlve 
proclamation  of  Bonaparte,  ev 
pressing  a  sense  of  the  ol^ligatioQiR 
France  was  under  to  him  for  his 
services,  and  the  persoi^^  esteeiTi 
the  consul  bad  coQceivOTibt  ^iiQ ; 
P4  the 


216        ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1802. 

tlie  ^reat  reluctance  be  should  feel  claimed  a  rebel,  and  on  the  ISth 
in  bein;^  obliged  to  treat  him  as  a  the  army  began  its  march  to  attack 
rebel,  and  the  pkasr.re  he  should  him.  On  the  l/th  it  had  received 
have,  in  being  at  liberty  to  bestow  a  reinforce ment  of  2500  troops^  by 
that  great  national  rccompcnce  on  tlie  arri^  al  of  admiral  Gantheaume'« 
Jiim,  \\!jich  his  former  serxices  de-  squadron:  admiral  Linois  arrived 
served.  At  the  same  tiirje  that  this  about  the  same  time  at  the  harbour 
message  was  sent,  the  children  of  of  St.  Dcmingo,  in  entering  which 
Toussdnt,  who  had  been  educated  he  lest  two  ships  of  the  line,  the 
in  France,  and  whom  he  had  not  Dcssriix  and  the  Genavre.  The  troops, 
seen  for  a  number  of  years,  were  which  crme  in  the  Inst  squadron 
sent  to  him.  Xoiwi:!:-t:'.naing  those  were,  however,  not  in  the  immedi- 
flattering  olfcr-*  oii  the  part  of  the  ate  scene  of  action  5  but  the  2500 
French  govcriimcnt,  Toiissaint  how-  which  Ganiheaume  brought  were 
ever  \\  ould  not  place  any  confidence  sui^.cient  to  garrison  the  different 
in  them:  he  sent  word  to  general  po;?Ls  in  the  north  of  the  island, 
Leclerc  that  he  v/as  ready  to  obey  while  the  grand  army  advanced  into 
any  orders  he  should  n  ccive  from  the  interior  to  attackToussaint.  That 
him,  and  sent  him  back  his  chil-  general  as  we  have  seen  having  no 
tircn  as  hostages.  I^xlerc  tlien  reason  to  know  that  peace  had  been 
ordered  Li m  to  come  r.] one  to  the  concluded  between  France  and  Eng- 
Cape,  and  appear  before  him,  in  land,  or  that  a  French  expedition  was 
which  case  he  repeated  his  promise  prepared  for  St.  Domingo  till  about 
of  making  him  his  lieutenant-gene-  three  weeks  before  they  actually 
ral :  Toussaint  hesitated,  and  en-  landed,  his  preparations  of  defenoe 
d(^avoured  to  gain  time  3  upon  were  therefore  by  no  means  in  that 
which  the  French  general  proclaim-  state  of  forwardness  that  they 
ed  him  a  rebel,  and  put  Christophe  would  have  been  in,  if  he  had  had 
and  him  out  of  the  protection  of  sufficient  notice  of  the  d.anger  vith 
the  law.  llie  most  important  part  which  he  was  threatened  j  but 
of  the  campaign  was  now  to  begin,  nevertheless,  with  a  courage  wor- 
and  the  French  armies  prepared  to  thy  of  tlie  character  he  had  hitherto 
advance  from  all  |?oints  upon  the  sustained,  he  preferred  taking  every 
positions  held  by  Tonssaint  and  his  chance  vhich  fortune  could  present 
generals  in  ihe  interior  of  the  in  war,  or  running  every  risk  which 
country  :  tlie  French  had  a  secure  defeat  would  expose  him  to,  rather 
retreat  in  the  strong  towns  should  than  surrender  that  trust  which  his 
they  l>e  defeated,  and  tiiey  had  good  fellow  blacks  had  reposed  in  him 
reason  to  calculate  upon  victory,  as  for  the  defence  of  their  liberties. 
their  aimy  was  entirely  composed  The  flattering  compliments  and  high 
cf  veteran  troops,  whereas  Tous-  promises  of  the  first  consul  made  no 
h^int's  wa^  principally  composed  of  impression  on  him  ;  he  had  theFefore 
an  ill  armed  and  wor»ft  disciplined  sent  back  his  children,  and  prepared 
hnnj  m  wasse ;  he  ha  1,  it  is  true,  a  as  well  as  tlie  short  time  would 
black  army  of  the  lire,  but  they  allow  him  for  a  battle.  This  con- 
did  not  amount  to  i.Iovj^  10,000  test  appeared  very  unequal :  on  his 
men  at  the  utni'^st.  Cu  the  Ibth  si(,U?  there  was  no  reason  to  hope 
of  Fcbruarv,    Toussaint    was  pro-  for  buccessj  except  in  the  strength 

of 


/ 


\i 


%l  STORY    OP    EUROPE.  2lY 

• 

!ltf  iiis  positions   and   the   enthu-  Xederc  states  as  the  most  formidable 

mm  of  hi«  followers.    The  French  position  hehad  ever  seen  since  he  was 

.fflmjr  were-superior  to  his  in  numbers  in  the  mil itary  profession ) ,  carried  the 

as  well  as  in  discipline.  The  details  town  of  Marmalade  with  fixed  bayo- 

pf  the  short  campaign    are   given  nets,  although  the  position  was  dc- 

in  the  official  letters  of  Lecierc  to  fended  by  Christophe  himself,  at  the 

the  minister    of  marine    and    the  head  of  1200  black  troops  of  the 

colonies,  and  are  to  the  following  line,  and  an  equal  number  of  com- 

efiect :    On  the  13th  of  Februaiy  mon   labourers.      The   division   of 

the  following  divisions  commenced  Rochambeau  advanced  to  St.  Michael 

their  march  from  the  Cape  ;  Des-  without  resistance.     The  main  force 

fourneaux's    advanced    to    Limbe,  of  the  French  army  had  thus,  in  the 

a  town  about  twenty  miles  distant ;  course  of  three  days,  advanced  about 

the  division  of  general  Hardy  took  fifty  miles  into  the  interior  of  the 

the  position  of  die  Mornets,  while  country,  after  overcoming  every  ob- 

Rochambeau  advanced    before  the  stacle  which  presented  itself  to  them, 

leftfirom  Fort  Dauphin,    fhe  first  They  had  now  arrived  within  twenty 

day's  march  the  French annyadvanc-  or  thirty  miles  of  the  strong  posi- 

.ed  about  twenty  miles  into  the  coun-  tions  defended  by  Toussaint  himself, 

try,  after  several  partial  engagements  The  plan  of  the  French  campaign  had 

with  the  natives,  who  gave  them  been  to  drive  the  blacks  fromevery part 

jconsiderable  annoyance    by    firing  of  the  island  to  this  central  position, 

upon  them  from  the  woods  which  and  when  their  retreat  was  cut  off, 

skirted  thevalleys  through  which  their  to  make  a  grand  combined  attack 

march  lay:  the  second  day  the  French  with  all  ^le  divisions  of  their  army, 

divisions    advanced    about,   twenty  If  this  plan  had  perfectiy  succeeded, 

miles  further  into  the  countr}%  not-  they  might,  in  one  day,  have  des- 

withstanding  the  partial  attacks  they  troyed  the  whole  of  the  black  troops, 

sustained  and  the  natural  difficulty  The  other  divisions^  of  the  French 

.of  the  country  through  which  they  army,  however,  were  not  so  succes- 

passed.    Rochambeau's  division  pos-  fill.    General  Humbert,  who  march- 

sessed   themselves  of  St.   Raphael,  ed  from  Port  au  Paix  to  drive  back  the 

Hardy's     of    Dorden,     and    Des-  black  general  Maurepas,  was  repuls- 

•fourneaiix  took  a  position  near  Plai-  ed  by  him  with  considerable  lo^, 

sance  :  on  the  third  day  he  possessed  General  Debclle  then,  at  the  head  of 

.himself  of   Plaisance    without  op-  3  or  4000  men,  advanced    against 

position,     as     general     Dumesnil,  Maurepas,  but  was  hihiself  obliged 

who  commanded  that  district,  re-  to  retreat  also.     Lecierc  does  not 

-fused  to  obey  the  orders  of  Tons-  state  the  loss  of  the  French  army 

saiat,  to  destroy  every  thing  in  the  upon    this   occasion,    but   it  must 

iietreat,  and  not  only  submitted  but  have   been   considerable.      In    the 

joined  the  French  army  with  200  south,  general  Boudet  marched  from 

cavalry    and    300   infantry.     This  Port  au  Prince  to  attack  tlie  black 

defection    was   a    serious    loss    to  general  Dessalines,  who  was  posted 

Toussaint's   feeble    army.    Hardy*s  at  the  Croix  de  Bmiqy^ts.  Dessalines 

division,    after  making    themselves  set  fire  to  the  town  on  the  approach 

masters  of  a  IViorne  (which  general  of  the  French,  and  making  a  feint 

to 


218  ANNUAL     REGISTER,    1802. 

ti>  retreat  to  the  Grand  Mome,-  took  allows  Toussaint's  troops  to  iiav9' 
a  wictc  circuit  ronncl  the  French  fought  with  great  courage  and  ob* 
corps,  and  made  himself  master  of  stinacy,  they  were  at  length  defeated 
Ixogane,  driving  a  small  detach-  by  tlie  French,  with  the  loss  of  800 
ww^nt  of  French  troops  out  of  it.  men  left  dead  on  the  field  of  battle. 
,Thi5uncx[>ccted  movement  of  Dcssa-  Toussaint  retreated  in  some  disorder 
iines  i^uiie  disconcerted  the  plan  to  tlie  Petite  Riviere.  This  first 
pre,Hcril>ed  to  general  Boudet :  if  he  defeat  appeared  in  a  great  measure 
inarched  on  to  join  the  ^\Tand  army,  decisive  of  the  fate  of  Toussaint; 
he  left  Dc^ssnliiies  in  his  rear,  who  his  adherents  were  dispirited,  and 
jniglit  possil)ly  etlect  a  Junction  with  deserted  from  him  in  considerable 
j^cn^ral  Laplunie  who  conuiianded  numbers.  Two  days  after  this 
the  southern  district  of  the  Spanish  battle,  Ledcrc  hearing,  as  he  deli- 
pavt,  and  of  whose  submission  the  cately  expressed  it,  that  general 
account  had  not  been  then  received.  Debelle  was  not  able  to  force  the 
General  Eoudet  was  therefore  ob-  positions  of  the  black  genera] 
liged  to  stay  at  l\)rt  an  Prince,  and  Maurepas,  after  leaving  a  sufificient 
general  DebcUe  was  kept  completely  body  to  watcli  and  pursue  Toua* 
in  cheek  by  Maurepas.  On  the  saint,  he  marched  himself  with  B 
22d  of  Ft  bruary,  being  the  liftii  day  strong  body  of  troops  against  Man- 
from  that  when  the  army  began  its  repas  j  but  that  general  hearing  of 
niaich  from  the  Cape,  tlie  division  of  the  defeat  of  Toussaint,  and  seeing 
general  Hardy  defeated  Christophe  a  himself  on  the  point  of  being  sur- 
second  time  at  Ennery,  which  he  rounded,  capitulated  to  geiienA-^' 
attempted  to  defend  with  1000  black  Debelle,  on  the  condition  that  he 
troops,  and  about  an  equal  number  and  his  officers  were  to  retain  thm 
6f  cultivators.  On  the  23d  the  three  rank  and  situation  in  the  army. 
divisions  of  Desfourneaux,  Hoche,  The  affairs  of  Toussaint  appeared 
and  Rochambeau,united,after  driving  now  completely  desperate  j  but  the 
some  detached  bodies  of  tlie  blacks  black  general  Dessalines,  in  the 
before  them,  and  on  the  next  at-  southern  pjart  of  the  island^  by-  it 
tacked  Toussaint  in  his  strong  posi-  variety  of  movements,  combined 
tion  of  the  Ravine  de  Couleure.  The  with  skill  and  executed  with  bold- 
force  which  Toussaint  was  at  the  ness,  contrived  completely  to  out- 
head  of  consisted,  according  to  Le-  mancpuvre  the  French  general  Boo- 
clerc's  calculation,  of  1500  grena-  det,  to  whom  he  had  been  opposed^ 
dicrs,  1200  picked  men  from  the  and  even  to  require  the  great  bod^ 
battalion,  and  400  dragoons,  togedier  of  the  French  army  to  be  sent  against 
with  2000  armed  cultivators,  in  the  him.  Toussaint  was  therefore  en* 
woods  that  commanded  the  ravine,  abled  by  this  powerful  diversion  to 
making  in  the  whole  a  tbrce  of  3100  make  another  grand  attempt  to 
regulars,  and  2000  irregulars.  The  recover  the  island :  by  formmg  a 
position  was  dehcribed  as  formidably  junction  with  the  remains  of  Chris- 
btrong,  notwithstanding  which  the  tophe's  force,  he  suddenly  attacked 
division  of  general  lloehambeau  at-  general  Desfourneaux' s  division  at 
tacked  his  intrenchments,  and  after  Plaisance,  but  was  repulsed ;  be 
-a  combat^  man  to  man^  in  which  he  then  turned  otf  to  the  rights  forced 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


210 


the  posts  of  Dendon  and  Marmalade^ 
raised  again  the  black  population 
of  the  northern  district  in  arms^  and 
actually  attacked  the.  town  of  the 
Cape.  It  was  not  however  to  be 
expected  that  a  fortified  town  would 
•un-ender  to  the  first  attack,  and 
though  the  French  kept  the  strong 
towns,  the  blacks  were  again  mas- 
ters of  the  country  in  the  northern 
district,  and  a  faint  gleam  of  hope 
appeared  -still  to  remain  ^  but  the 
divisions  from  Havre  and  Flushing 
arrived  in  the  mean  time,  bringing 
a  reinforcement  of  5500  veterans. 
Toussaint  being  then  unable  to  keep 
the  field,  was  obliged  once  more  to 
retire  to  his  strong  positions  in  the  in- 
terior, with  as  many  of  his  parti zans 
as  he  could  persuade  to  follow  him. 
A\\  liope  was  now  lost:  Dessalines  was 
at  length  overpowered  in  the  south, 
and  obliged  to  submit.  Christophe 
lecing  that  all  was  lost,  was  obliged 
also  to  negotiate  with  Leclerc  for  nis 
personal  safety,  and  at  length,  when 
idmost  surrounded  by  French  co- 
lums>  he  reluctantly  surrendered, 
and  the  army  which  he  commanded 
was  united  to  the  French  army. 
Toussaint  then  informed  Leclerc 
that  "  he  saw  he  was  now  waging  a 
war  without  any  hope  of  success, 
and  consequently  without  any  ob- 
ject J  but  that,  notwithstanding  the 
force  of  die  French  army,  he  was  still 
strong  enough  to  ravage  and  destroy 
the  country,  and  sell  dearly  a  life 
that  had  once  been  useful  to  France.'* 
licclerc  confessed  that  those  observa- 
tions made  a  serious  impression  on 
his  mind ;  he  therefore  receiyed  his 
wbmission  and  promised  pardon. 
On  ijjis  promise  Toussaint,  in  obe- 
dience to  the  orders  of  Leclerc, 
repaired  alone  to  the  Gape,  from 
whence  he  was  sent  to  a  plantation 
stGonaive^  and  Dessalines  to  St, 


Marc.  The  war  being  thus  finish- 
ed>  in  passing  the  different  events  of 
it  in  review,  it  must  be  admitted 
that  the  blacks  fought  with  a  great 
deal  of  courage,  and  that  their  prin- 
cipal generals  displayed  very  con- 
siderable military  talents.  Maure- 
pas  in  the  north,  and  Dessalines  in 
the  south,  completely  outgeneraled 
Debelle  and  Boudet,  and  did  not 
submit  till  the  main  body  of  the 
French  army  had  been  marched  against 
them.  Christophe  was  acknow- 
ledged by  the  Frencli  to  have  con- 
ducted himself  with  great  bravery  in 
his  different  battles  with  general 
Hardy  -,  and  Toussaint  added  to  his 
former  military  fame,  not  only  by 
his  able  choice  of  positions,  but  by 
tliat  bold  stroke  by  which,  after  his 
defeat,  he  endeavoured  to  recover 
tlie  nortliern  part  of  the  island,  and 
had  very  nearly  succeeded  in  the 
attempt:  had  this  blow  succeeded, 
it  would  have  been  considered  a  most 
masterly  piece  of  generalship  5  its 
failure  appeared  to  be  solely  owing  to 
the  sudden  arrival  of  the  reinforce- 
ment of  5500  troops  from  France  to 
the  feeble  garrison  of  the  Cape.  Al- 
though this  attempt  was  not  crowned 
witli  success,  it  equally  showed  in 
Toussaint  a  great  mind,  firm  in  its 
purpose,  not  to  be  dast  down  by  ill  v 
success,  and  knowing  perfectly  well 
how  to  take  advantage  of  any  circum- 
stances which  fortune  might  throw 
in  his  way.  From  the  very  obstinate 
resistance  made  by  Maurepas  in  the 
north,  and  Dessalines  in  the  south,, 
it  seems  extremely  probable,  that  if 
Clcrvaux  and  LapUmie  had  been 
faithful  to  the  trust  reposed  in 
them  by  Toussaint,  the  campaign 
would  have  terminated  in  favour  of 
the  blacks ;  if  Toussaint  had  been 
enabled  to  defend  his  positions  but 
for  thiijty  days  longer,  tlie  season 

MTouUl 


220 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


would  be  past  for  the  operations  of 
the  French  army,  who  could  not 
pretend  to  make  a  summer  cam- 
paign in  the  interior  of  St.  Domingo. 
Fortune  however  declared  against 
him  5  and  all  Euiope  knows,  and 
history  will  record  to  future  ages,  to 
the  eternal  disgrace  of  Bonaparte 
and  his  government,  that  the  pro- 
mise of  pardon  so  solemnly  given 
was  violated,  and  that,  under  pre- 
tence of  a  conspiracy,  Toussaint  was 
arrested  and  sent  over  to  Brest, 
where  it  was  first  intended  to  bring 
him  to  a  mock  trial ,  but  afterwards 
it  was  judged  more  expedient  to  send 
him  to  a  prison  in  the  interior 
of  France,  from  which  he  never 
was  released,  but  was  in  a  few 
months  after  he  arrived  in  P'rance 
reported  to  be  dead.  The  manner 
of  his  death  the  French  government 
have  never  thought  it  was  necessaiy 
to  explain,  and  therefore  it  is  much 
more  than  matter  of  suspicion,  it 
is  almost  clear,  that  he  was  mur- 
dered  in  his  prison  by  the  orders  of 
Bonaparte. 

His  countrymen  in  St.  Domingo 
were  justly  exasperated  at  this 
treachery  to  their  former  chief,  and 
saw  with  pleasure  the  ravages  which 
the  climate  and  the  yellow  fever 
made  in  the  French  army.  The 
moment  that  army  was  weakened  by 
disease,  tliey  again  burst  out  into 
insurrection  under  their  old  leaders. 
Christophe  threw  aside  the  rank 
which  Leclerchad^iven  him  in  the 


French  army,  to  join  in  the  ca 
his  country  A  long  war  suca 
marked  by  more  atrocities  tha 
which  has  occurred  in  modem 
TheFrench,bent  ontheextermi] 
of  the  blacks,  invented  new  m< 
for  their  destruction.  Thousai 
them  were  thrown  mto  the  sea, 
the  French  term  it,  deportes  en 
many  were  suffocated  with 
fiimes  of  burning  brimstone^ 
the  most  ingenious  tortures 
practised  upon  them.  The  b 
in  retaliation,  put  to  death  a 
whites  who  fell  into  their  h 
but  it  does  not  appear  that 
tortured  their  prisoners  as 
enemies  had  done.  Tlie  fate  o 
island  was  quite  doubtful  ii 
end  of  the  year  1802.  On  the 
of  this  war  perhaps  depend; 
only  the  future  state  of  the  We 
dies,  but  perhaps  ofj4frica,  to  ^ 
the  negro  face  will  always  lo< 
with  affection  as  to  their  m 
country.  Jf  a  civilized  nati< 
blacks  can  exist  in  St.  Dom 
that  nation  must  have  a  tradt 
intercourse  with  Africa,  suj 
to  that  which  any  Eui'opean  n 
can  have  ;  but  it  would  be  roi 
tic  speculation  to  suppose  tha 
light  which  Europe  has  thrown 
St.  Domingo  may  be  reflected 
into  the  very  heart  of  theirnativ< 
and  compensate  at  some  future 
for  all  the  injuries  that  the  la 
blacks  have  hitherto  endun^ 
their  white  brethren. 


CF 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE.         22r 


CHAP.     XVIII. 

Cuadaloupe, — Pelagie  assumes  the  Command  there — captures  the  Governor 
Lacrosse,  and  dismisses  him  the  Island. — General  Richepanse  arrives  with 
the  Troops  from  France — lands  without  Opposition^-and  Jinally  sub^ 
dues  the  Island, — Restoration  of  Tranquillity. — Affairs  of  Szvitzerland 
at  the  Close  of  ISOl.^-- Aloys  Reding  goes  to  Paris  to  negotiate  with 
Bonaparte — Success — Adoption  of  his  Plan  of  Government — reversed  bif . 
the  revolutionary  Party,  and  a  new  Constitutimi  formed'^rejected  by 
the  democratic  Cantons. — Independency  of  the  Valais  pronounced  con* 
irary  to  their  Wishes. — Confederation  qfUri,  Schwietz,  and  Underwalden. 
'^Address  to  the  prench  Government  and  to  the  Helvetic  Republic — Proela^ 
nation  of  the  Helvetic  Government — the  smaller  Cantons  prepare  for  Re*  ^ 
sistanc^ — Commencement  of  Hostilities — Defeat  of  the  Troops  of  the  Hel- 
vetic Republic  by  the  Peasants  of  Baden, — Messrs.  De  WattevtUe  and. 
Erlaidi  take  the  Command — and  march  against  Berne. — Surrender  of 
that  (^ty. — Helvetic  Government  expelled — and  Retreat  to  the  Pays  de 
Faud  —  supplicate  the  Assistance  of  France,  — Ancient  Government 
assembles  at  Berne  ^Forces  raised  and  placed  under  General  Bachman, 
to  flct  against  the  Helvetic  Government, — Fribourg  taken — general  Action 
in  the  Pays  de  Vaud~^Heluetic  Army  totally  defeated. — Arrival  at 
Lausanne  of  General  Rapp — publishes  Bonapart^s  Determination  to 
protect  the  Helvetic  Republic, — French  Army  assembled  on  the  Frontiers- 
under  General  Ney. — Armistice. — Proceedings  of  the  Diet  at  Sckweitzr^ 
their  Answer  to  Bonaparte. — French  Army  enters  Switzerland. -^Gr eat 
Britain  determines  to  interfere — Mr,  Moore  dispatched  to  Switzerland,"--' 
Helvetic  Government  reinstated  at  Berne. •—Dissohition  of  the  Diet  at 
Schweitz — and  complete  Subjugation  of  that  Country  to  the  French  Force^ 
— Ineffectual  Mission  of  Mr.  Moore. — Arrest  of  Aloys  Reding. — Deputies 
from  all  Parts  of  Switzerland  arrive  at  Paris  to  form,  with  the  Assist'- 
once  of  the  First  Consul,  a  new  Constitution, 

HOWEVER  undecided  and  .  and  conceiving  the  ideaof  ea^blishing 
equivocal  in  their  etfects  had  equally  with  that  chieftain  the  in- 
the  successes  of  the  French  arms  dependence  of  this  island^  a  man  of 
been  in  Hispaniola,  their  triumph  colour,  of  the  name  of  Pelagie,  as- 
^2&  complete  in  the  island  of  sumed  the  chief  authority,  over  the 
Ooadaloupe.  At  the  close  of  the  mulatto  and  black  inhabitante^  and 
year  1801,  irritated  by  the  arbitrary  declared  war  against  the  French  ^ 
^tyrannical  conduct  of  the  French  captain-general  Lacrosse.  After  a 
government  5  stimulated  by  the  sue-  series  of  unimportant  movementft 
<^  of  Toussaint  in  St.  Domingo  i    on  both  sides^  on  the  1st  of  No*. 

Timber 


222        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    180^. 


vcmber  1801,  Lacrosse  s\ifiered 
himself  to  be  surprised  in  visiting 
some  out-posts,  and  was  forced  on 
board  a  neutral  vessel  then,  lying  at 
anchor  at  Point  a  Pitre.  This  vessel 
(a  Dane)  sailed  for  Copenhagen  im- 
mediately, but  was  intercepted  by 
an  English  cruiser,  from  the  captain 
of  whom  the  French  governor  de- 
inanded  and  obtained  protection. 
Fortune,  so  far  favourable,  did  not 
now  desert  him  :  he  was  carried 
into  Dominica,  where  tidings  had 
arrived  of  the  preliminaries  of  peace 
having  been  signed  between  Great 
Britain  and  France  in  the  preceding 
October.  Here  he  was  joined  by 
Lascallier,  the  colonial  prefect,  and 
Coster,  the  commissary  of  justice, 
who  had  just  arrived  from  France. 
Together  with  these  functionaries 
he  immediately  issued  (dated  3d  of 
December  1801)  a  manifesto  against 
the  usurped  authority  at  Guadaloupe, 
containing,  among  other  things,  a 
piohibition  against  all  governments 
to  supply  that  rebellious  usurpation 
with  arms,  ammunition,  or  provi- 
sions, under  tlie  severest  penalties. 

In  the  interval.  Pelagic  was  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  the  sovereign 
of  the  island,  in  which  he  exercised 
uncontrolled  jurisdiction  :  in  places 
of  trust  and  consequence  he  placed 
mulattoes,  and  entirely  subverted  tlie 
form  of  government  established  by 
his  predecessor.  The  army  and  the 
municipalities  were  dispersed  or  dis- 
organized, and  the  miserable  white 
inhabitants  found  themselves  entirely 
at  his  mercy. 

In  the  mean  tinie  it  should  seem 
that  the  English  colonial  government 
were  disposed  to  act  in  concert  with 
the  French  for  the  reduction  of  the 
insurgents.  A  British  frigate  assist- 
ed in  blockading  Point  a  Pitre,  and 
no  sort  of  conununication  was  suf- 


fered to  be  carried  on  with  tlicif 
and  the  tidings  of  peace  and  th< 
ing  of  the  Brest  fleet  for  the  We 
dies,  which  became  now  univc 
known,  filled  the  insurgent! 
their  chief  with  apprehensior 
dismay.  It  was  probable  th 
these  circumstances  the  white  j 
ers  and  "■  inhabitants  owed 
safety  3  nor  did  the  general  maj 
of  them,  which  was  apprehe: 
take  place,  although  indivijdu 
various  par|ls  of  the  island  were 
sionally  sacrificed  to  the  spL 
revenge  or  caprice  of  their 
masters. 

But  the  period  of  this  short 
revolution  was  now  arrived. 
French  force  destined  for  Gi 
loupe,  under  admiral  Bouvet  as 
neral  Richepanse,  appeared  d 
island  about  the  beginning  of  1 
they  had  taken  the  prefect  Les< 
on  board  at  Desirade,    and   • 
preparation  was  made  to  take 
a  Pitre  by  assault.     On  the  ^ 
May,  the  debarkation  was  eff 
at  Gosier  without  resistance, 
tary   dispositions,    apparently 
planned,  were  made  to  get  posse 
of  the  forts  Victoire  and  Unio 
order  to  cut  off  the  commonic 
of  the  negroes,  who  were  in  pc 
sion  of  them,   from  the  inte 
and  the  main  body,  with  the  ge 
Richepanse,  marched  for  the  to^ 
Point  ^  Pitre.     Here,   howcve 
was  submission  5     the  quays 
lined  with  inhabitants  of  ever 

• 

scription,  who  welcomed  the  t 
with  the  exhilarating  sounds  of 
la  Repuhlique !  V'tveBonaparti 
taking  possession  of  the  Place 
Victoire,  Pelagie  presented  hie 
and  not  only  tendered  his  own 
dience,  but  offered  to  ensure 
submission  of  the  whole  is 
General  Richepanse  ordered  hlj 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE.        223 


t  test  of  his  sincerity,  immediately 
to  relieve  the  different  forts  and  re- 
doabts  which  he  commanded^  with 
the  troops  fix)m  Fraftce,  which  he 
rcadiij  undertook  to  do,  and  to  as- 
lembleall  his  troops  in  the  evening 
to  await  the  orders  of  the  general. 
Jn  these  promises,  however,  he  was 
too  confident  and  sanguine  of  the  ex- 
tent of  his  power  to  fulfil  them.  At 
iPort  Victoire,  a  chief  of  the  name  of 
J^nace  made  a  show  of  resistance, 
which  was  easily  overcome  by  the 
Aench  detachment  sent  to  take 
possession  of  it;  and  though  Pelagic 
Was  faithful  to  his  word,  and  appear- 
ed hinciself,  with  many  of  his  fol- 
bwcrs,  in  the  evening  at  tlie  place 
of  rendezvous,  yet  was  he  obliged 
to  confess  that  some  of  bis  ojSicers 
tod  numbers  of  his  troops  were  miss- 
ing. Indeed,  through  the  darkness 
d  the  night,  which  now  had  gained . 
open  the  negotiating  parties,  armed 
bodies  of  negroes  were  seen  hovering 
anmnd  with  arms  m  tlieir  hands,  and 
in  manifest  determination  to  resist. 
Under  these  circumstances,  Rlche- 
]^nse  thought  it  prudent  to  embark 
those  who  had  assembled  on  board 
flie  fleets  under  the  pretence  of  their 
force  being  necessary  in  his  expedi- 
tion to  Basse  Terre.  It  was  not  till 
the  20th,  at  noon,  that|he  reached 
that  part  of  the  island, ^d  where 
the  opposition  experienced  was  con- 
siderable. Under  a  heavy  fire,  the 
^y  landed  near  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Duplessis,.  but  without  sus- 
taining nmch  loss,  and  penetrated 
^t  Say  to  the  right  bank  of  tlie 
river  des  Peres.  On  the  next  morn- 
ing the  position  of  the  rebels  on  the 
kft  bank  was  attacked  and  forced  at 
day-break,  in  less  than  ten  minutes, 
ftirthowever  of  the  insurgents  threw 
themselves  into  Fort  St.  'Charles,  a 
Bart  gained  the  Morne  un  the  right 


of  the  attacking  army,  and  the  rest; 
dispersed  in  every  direction.  It  was 
not  till  the  31st  that  general  Riche-  < 
pause,  now' joined  by  general  Sensia 
(whom  he  had  left  behind  at  Point 
a  Pitre),  was  able  to  open,  after  in- 
credible labour,  a  battery  of  thirty 
pieces  of  cannon  against  the  tbrt^ 
which  was  evacuat^  the  next  day 
(the  1st  of  June)  by  the  rebels,  who 
it  should  seem',  from  some  disobe- 
dience of  the  general's  orders  in 
posting  troops  so  as  to  cut  tlieou  off, 
retreated  with  little  loss.  The  array 
was  immediately  ordered  to  pursue 
the  flying  negroes  in  every  direction^ 
and  they  never  after  succeeded  in 
being  able  to  assemble  in  force.  In» 
these  difl:erent  affairs  the  lass  o^ 
killed  and  wounded  to  the  French* 
army  was  about  500. 

On  the  8th  of  July,  genesal 
Richepanse  assures  his  govern  menC 
that  the  army  had  completely  sue* 
ceeded  in  the  reduction  of  the  island,  - 
having  had,  he  adds,  *'  litde  else  to 
do  than  to  pursue  and  extermincU^ 
the  remnant  of  the  rebels,  insensible 
to  persuasion  and  incorrigible  iqi 
their  determination  not  to  return  ta 
their  duty  j  it  is  only  the  death  of 
these  A^TCtches  that  can  put  a  stop  to 
conflagration  and  the  mmder  of  thQ 
whites:"  and  he  concludes  by  say-^. 
ing,  "  that  he  thinks  it  fortunate 
that  they  opposed  the  French  arm% 
in  the  beginning,  as  this  gave  aa 
opportunity  of  thus  getting  rid  of 
them!** — a  sentiment  that  reflects 
equal  honour  on  the  humanity  of  the 
writer,  and  tlie  French  military  cha-* 
racter. 

No  further  attempt  was  miade  to 
disturb  the  tranquillity  of  the  colony 
for  the  remainder  of  the  year;  agri-  ■ 
culture  and  commerce  began  gradu- 
ally to  revive;  and  as  the  island  hacjl' 
not  sufiiered  much  during  the  war. 

little 


224        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

little  donbt  remains  of  its  increasing  currence  submits  implicitly  t< 

prosperity.  one,    and    arbitrarily   imposes 

All  the  functionaries  established  other, 

by  Pelagic,  and  the  officers  of  colour  But  these  scenes  of  horroi 

who  were   not   butchered  in   cold  desolation  were  too  remote  to  t 

blood,  were  passed  over  to  France  much  interest  in  Europe.    Eve 

to  await  the  sentence  of  the  govern-  successes  of  France  in  her  col 

ment  of  the  country.     Whether  Pe-  were  looked  upon  rather  with 

iagie  himself  were  included  in  this  vourable  eye,  not  only  as  they 

species  of  deportation  we  arc   not  considered  as  the  legitimate  exc 

informed,  any  more  than  we  are  of  of  her  strength  to  punish  revolt 

his  subsequent  fate  5    but  that    of  to  recover  her  rightful  dominioi 

Toussaint  we  have  already  witnessed:  the  idea  of  a  black  empire  h 

nor  is  there  much  reason  to  suppose  West  was  looked  upon  by  aU,  as 

that  a  better  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of  rersally  repugnant  to  the  feeUn 

one  who  seems  to  have  resembled  Europeans,  and  utterly  irrecoi 

him  in  eveiy  particular  except  his  able  with  the  interests  of  civi 

courage  and  resolution.  society.   Far  different,  however 

We  shall  here  dismiss  the  sub-  the  horror  with  which  the  tyras 

ject  of  the  French  colonial  history,  interference  of  France  in  the  a 

with  recording  another  instance  of  of  Switzerland  was  viewed  by  a 

die    complete  desertion    of  every  powers  of   Europe.      This  b 

principle  on    which    the    accursed  temperate,  frugal,  and  honest 

French    revolution    was    avowedly  tion,  had  long  been  controUec 

founded,    and    for     which    eleven  trampled  upon  by  the  different ; 

years  of  warfare  and  spoliation,  in  lutionary  governments  of  Franc 

almosteveryquarterof  the  world,  has  whom  successively  they  had 

hardly  atoned  :  the  reestablishment  with  a  good  faith,  as  honoural 

of  slavery  in  all  the  French  West  their  nationaUntegrity  as  it  wai 

India  possessions.     On  the  17th  of  merited  by  the  base  encroachei 

May  it  was  passed  as  a  law  by  the  their  rights  and  liberties.     In 

legislative  body,  and  was  placed  upon  preceding  volumes  we  have  ti 

the  same  footing  as  that  on  which  the  progress  of  French  infiueni 

it  existed  in  tlieyear  178S  -,  and  the  this  countrj^from  the  sera  of  tl 

importation  of  negroes,  and  every  cursion  of  general  Montesquieu 

branch  of  the  slave  trade,  ordered  to  the  territory  of  their  allies  tc 

be  recommenced  with  eveiy  circum-  treaty  of  Luneville ;  from  the  '. 

stance  of  advantage  and  encourage-  period  we  shall  commence  our  re 

ment  which  had  formerly  belonged  of  the   transactions   by  which 

to  it.     Thus,  after  wading  tlirough  fate  of  this  devoted  country, 

blood,  and  the  slaughter  of  their  fel-  finally  determined  by  the  maud: 

low  men,  during  the  revolutionary  the  Corsican  usurper, 

period,  for  the  destruction  of  mo-  It  may  be  recollected,  that  b 

narchy  and  the  establishment  of  the  11th  article  of  the  treaty  of  I 

rights  of  the  human  race,  has  France  ville  (signed  on  the  9th  Feb: 

witnessed  the  restoration  of  despo-  1801)    it   was  expressly  stipul 

tism  and  slavery  in  their  most  odious  that  *'  tic  contracting  parties 

forms^  and  by  its  own^act  and  con-  tually  guarantied  the  indepcnc 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


225 


rf  the  Batavian,  Helvetic,  Cisal- 
pine, and  I/igurian  republics;  and 
the  right  of  the  people  who  inhahit 
them,  to  adopt  what  form  of  govern^ 
ment  thetf  pleased^ 

\i  should  seem  that  this  was  a  fa- 
rourable opportunity  for  Switzerland 
to  modify  the  constitution,  which  had 
been  dictated  to  her  by  a  former  re- 
volutionary government  of  France 
and  its  partisans  ;  and  for  this  pur- 
pose a  general  diet  was  convened, 
which  assembled  at  Berne  in  tlie 
month  of  September  following. 

Otie  of  the  first  objects  of  its  de- 
liberation, WHS  a  claim  preferred,  with 
much  earnestness  on  the  part  of  the 
democratic  cantons,  to  be  restored 
to  their  'ancient   privileges.      This 
was  acceded  to  after  some  debate. 
Indeed  tlie  disposition  to  revert,  as 
nearly  as  circumstances  would  per- 
mit, to  the  original  federal  constitu- 
tion, prevailed  so  generally  through- 
out the  nation,  that  a  new  form  of 
government,  framed  upon  that  basis, 
was  agreed  to  in  the  course  of  the 
ensuing  month  3  and  the  adminis- 
ti'ation   of  public  affairs  was  con- 
fided  to    a     senate   and    executive 
council,  provisionally  appointed.    A 
considerable  portion  of  the  magis- 
trates,  who  had  been  displaced  on 
the  subversion  of  the  ancient  govern- 
ments by  the  French  dircQlory,  took, 
part    in     these    proceedings  j    and 
tlie  celebrated    Aloys   Reding,     of 
Schweitz,  was  placed  nt  the  head  of 
the  executive  coimcil. 

The  spirit  of  party  was  not,  how- 
ever, extinguished.  Those  who 
Were  attached  to  the  ancient  system 
^It  themselves  supported  by  a  great 
majority  of  the  people  of  Switzer- 
land J  whilst  their  opponents  looked 
to  tlie  powerful  protection  of  the 
French  government. 
Reding,  apprelwnsive  lest  this 
VyL.  XLIV. 


want  of  unanimity  might  furnish 
France  with  a  pretext  again  to  in- 
terfere in  the  internal  concerns  of 
Switzerland,  repaired  to  Paris  with 
the  view  of  averting  so  great  a  cala- 
mity. The  result  of  his  representa- 
tions to  Bonaparte  was,  tliat  a  coa- 
lition should  be  eflccted  between 
the  parties,  by  replacing  six  of  the 
members  of  the  old  go\ernments 
by  an  equal  number  of  persons 
chosen  from  the  partisans  of  tlie  re- 
volution. 

'ihis  aiTangcment  having  taken 
place,  the  senate  immediately  pro- 
ceeded to  frame  a  permanent  con- 
stitution. After  having  been  en- 
gaged in  deliberations  on  this  sub- 
ject during  tJiree  months,  and  having 
finally  agreed  upon  the  plan.  Reding, 
in  his  quality  of  president  of  the  exe- 
cutive council,  adjourned  that  body 
for  the  Easter  holidays. 

No  sooner  had  this  adjournmenj: 
taken  place,  and  Reding  and  his 
friends  returned  to  tlicir  families, 
than  the  revolutionary  members, 
lately  nominated  at  the  instance  of 
Bonaparte,  assembled  in  the  night 
of  the  17th  of  April  1802,  displaced 
Reding  and  his  whole  party,  de- 
stroyed the  plan  of  constitution 
which  had  been  drawn  up^  and  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  frame  ano- 
ther on  their  own  principles  -,  where- 
upon they  received  the  warm  con- 
gratulations of  ciiixen  Verninac, 
Bonaparte's  minister  residing  at 
Berne. 

This  proceeding  naturally  pro- 
duced great  dissatisfaction  ;  and  the 
project  of  a  constitution,  tlius  formed 
under  the  auspices  of  a  French 
agent,  and  founded  upon  the  doctrine 
of  unity  and  indivisiUiity^  was  re- 
jected witli  indignation  by  the  demo- 
cratic cantons  3  unanimously  by 
ScJiweltz,  Uri^  and  Uiiderwaldenj 
O.  and 


i26 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


and  by  a  great  pluralit}'  of  voices  in 
Glaris  and  Appenzell    li  was,  how- 
ever, accepted  by  a  niaiority  in  the 
aristocratic  cantons,   (tl  at  is  to  say, 
by ^ what   was    termed    tacil    com- 
pliance,  for  by  far  tlie  greater  num- 
ber of  voters  did  not  tender  tlieir 
sufirages,)  probably  in  the  expecta- 
tion that  by  so  doing  they  would  be 
relieved  from  the   French   troops, 
who  continued  m  the  country  for 
the  purpose,  as  was  pretended,  of 
maintaining  its  internal  tranquillity. 
It  now  appeared  that  France,  not 
content  with  governing,  by  her  de- 
voted instruments,   Switzerland   at 
large,  had  formed  the  project  of  de- 
taching the  republic  of  the  Valais 
from  its  alliance  witli  that  country  j 
the  main  object  of  which  was  to  se- 
cure to  herself,  at  all  times,  a  free 
passage  into  Italy  by  Mount  Bernard. 
Thureau,  a  man  who  had  conducted 
himself  with  extraordinary  severity 
against  the  royalists  in  La  Vendue, 
commanded  the  French  troops  then 
stationed  in  the  Valais;  but,  notwith- 
standing the  various  arts  employed 
by  him  to  induce  the  inhabitants  to 
solicit  the  union  of  their  coimtry  to 
France,  they  resisted  every  such  at- 
tempt with  the  most  heroic  forti- 
tude, and  sent  deputies  to  Berne, 
charged  with    a   vigorous    remon- 
strance against  that  measure  3  de- 
claring, in  the  most  manly  and  affect- 
ing language,  that  no  consideration 
could  ever  induce  them  to  renounce 
the  name  of  Swiss,  or  to  dissolve 
their  connection  with  a  country  to 
which  they  should  eternally  remain 
attached.     Hereupon  Thureau  ex- 
acted a  heavy  and  cruel  contribution 
from  this  small  state,  which  had  al- 
ways been  remarkable  for  its  po- 
verty, but  which  was  now,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  repeated  acts  of  vio- 
lence and  oppression  exercised  by 


France,  reduced  to  the  utmost 
tress.  At  length  this  brave  pc 
who  had  courageously  struggle 
their  liberties  when  first  invi 
and  whose  present  rcmonstn 
were  productive  of  no  subst! 
advantage,  exhausted,  but  not 
dued,  were  pronounced,  eg 
their  will,  an  independent  repi 
through  the  medium  of  the 
official  gazette  (the  Moniteur)^ 
proclamation  sigped  by  the  ei 
of  the  French,  Italian,  and  He) 
republics. 

Upon  the  acceptation,  such 
was,  of  the  new  constitution 
Helvetic  executive  council  aniu 
ed  to  the  citizens,  in  a  procUum 
dated  the  20th  July,  that  / 
French  government  had  approv 
the  use  they  had  made  of  the! 
dependence,  and,  as  the  first  p 
of  its  esteem,  had  declared  its  : 
ness  to  withdraw  its  troops 
Helvetia.  That  this  offer  had 
accepted  by  the  council  qfexea 
and  that  such  an  act  of  justice,  < 
part  of  the  first  consul,  sboul 
forth  all  their  gratitude  to  so  gee 
an  ally." 

The  French  troops  had  scj 
evacuated  Switzerland,  when  tj 
habitants  manifested  a  decide 
position  to  the  new  constib 
Tlie  cantons  of  Schweitz,  Uri 
Underwalden,  which  had  nev* 
cepted  it,  confiding  in  the  pr 
made  by  Bonaparte  to  Reding 
the  democratic  cantons  should 
tlieir  ancients  laws,  formed  the 
lution  of  separating  from  the 
vetic  republic,  and  of  rencwir 
ancient  cojijcderacy  of  the  ' 
Staetcn.  They  accordingly  adct 
the  following  admirable  lettor^ 
from  Schweitz,  the  13th  of 
V602,  in  the  names  of  the  dej 
of  all  the  communities  in  those 


cax 


llISTORY     OF     EUROPll. 


227 


fantoils,  tdcitizen  VerrHn^Cj  minis  tet 
of  the  French  republic  in  Switzer^- 
Jand. 

"  We  havie  ineffectually  endea- 
voured, for  four  successive  years,  to 
tear  from  us  a  constitution^  which, 
from  its  origin,   and  still  more  from 
the  violence  with  which  it  was  esta- 
blished, could  not  fail  to  be  odious 
and  insupportable.   It  is  in  vain  that 
we  have  constantly  hoped  that  the 
Helvetic  government,  instructed  by 
the  sorrowful  events  of  four  unfor- 
tunate years,  would,  at  length,  find 
that  our  separation  from  the  refcpub- 
lic  was  that  which  was  most  wise 
and  suitable  for  both  parties  5   and 
that  the  wish,  which  we  have    so 
often  and  so  Strongly  expressedi  for 
bur  ancient  llbei*ty,  would  have  in- 
duced them  to  set  aside  all  hopcj 
that  those  three  cantons  would  ever 
voluntarily  accrept  any  other  consti- 
tution than   that    which  has   ever 
been  considered  as    the  only   one 
iuited  to  these  states,  arid  for  that 
reason  so  highly  prized  by  ourselves 
Jind  our  ancestors.      Our  reunion 
widi  Helvetia,  which  has  been  stain- 
ed with  so  much  innocent  blood* 
is,  perhaps,  the  most  cruel  example 
of  constraint  tliat  history  can  offer. 
"  In  tlie  conviction,   therefore^ 
that  for  a  forced  and  unfortunate 
marriagej  divorce  is  the  only  reason- 
able remedy,  and  that  Helvetia  and 
ourselves  cannot  recover  repose  and 
boDtent,  except  by  the  dissolution  of 
this  forced  tie,  we  are  firmly  resolved 
to  labour  at  that  separation  vt^ith  all 
ixwsible  activity;  and  w:e  think  it 
best  to  address  that  authority,  which, 
for  four  years  past>  has  united  us,  in 
ipite  of  ourselves,  to  the  Helvetic 


r&publfc.  As  to  any  thing  further, 
we  only  I  wish  to  preserve  good  har-i 
mony  in  our  commercial  relations, 
as  becomes  brave  Swiss..  In  listen- 
ing to  our  just  demands,  the  Hel- 
vetic republic  will  acquire  in  us 
brothefs  and  faithful  neighbours  *.'* 
At  the  same  time  they  dispafched 
a  letter  to  Bonaparte,  expressive  of 
tJicir  gratitude  to  him  for  having  re- 
called the  French  troops  from  Swit- 
zerland, and  of  the  motives  which 
had  induced  them  to  reestablish 
their  ancient  form  of  government^ 
which  he  himself  had  approved  of, 
and  which  was  tlie  only  means  that 
remained  to  preserve  the  public  tran- 
quillity in  those  countries,  by  re- 
storing the;  people  to  the  exercise  of* 
tlieir  legitimate  rights,  which  had 
been  so  grossly  violated  by  tlie  cen- 
tral government. 

Upon  this  resolution  of  the  thi'e® 
cantons  being  officially  notified  to 
the  Helvetic  government,  they  is- 
sued a  proclamation,  manifesting 
their  steadfast  determination  to  carry 
into  effect,  throughout  the  republic, 
the  constitution  of  their  own  fram- 
ing,, which  they  maintained  to  be 
the  best  adapted  to  the  Helvetic  peo- 
ple} and;  in  prder  to  prevent  all 
discussion  on  the  subject,  the  lands^ 
gemei?ie,  or  popular  assemblies,  were 
declared  illegal. 

The  confederated  cantons  wei*ci 
not  to  be  deterred  from  tlieir  reso- 
lution. They  formed  magazines^ 
arrayed  troops,  and  addressed  a  raa^ 
nifesto  to  tlie  Swiss  nation  at  large, 
wherein  they  asserted  their  right  to 
legislate  for  themselves  individually, 
but  disavowed  all  idea  of  interfering 
in  the  concerns  of  other  cantons^ 


•  Contrary  to  our  usual  custom,  we  have  insetted  this  letter  at  length,  for  we  did 
IKK  wish  to  damp  the  interest  which  our  readers  must  take  in  it  by  referring  them  for 
it  t0  our  "  State  Papers." 

a  3  Hiii 


22S  ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

T!::5   ex T-^ lie   "  i-    ?-'-^i:\r  f:I-  Ijrd.    iizd    crhsr  d:=tricn,   ft 

kued  bv  Zr'z,   Gliri*.   A::penzell,  th^^rr^eWes  Into  an  armv,  undj 

ar.d  Bider. .  v-  L'cr..  toeetl:er  't.  ':1\  the  ^  -  ■  *'  c  ii'.rriiL'i  oi'Mes^rj.  de  \N 

Kheindial   de'.i-'^-i  !ht:ni-ri\es  in  ^  v'Jle  ?.:: id" £rLi<ii,  szd  directed 

sure  ot"  in-urr-rtlion,  sni  5eat  de-  rri^rrh  j^iic^t  Berne,  iLr  scat  < 

put:-  5  to  ScIiA- cltz .  H el vc t: c  gc ventmerit .     A  sma 

Ine  5p:rl:ot  re;i5*_:r.c- iTuie  such  Tancei  deLichment  ol   these  ti 

rapid  pr«.-gre^-.  *^:^?  'he  Kr't.ev.c  ^c-  con~:-ting  ody  of  benr<:oa  tw 

vcTr:ren:   T--3:.'d    ::   er.r^'tr.t    to  three  hn^'ired  men.  ear e-.ivcurc 

La\;:  rtcour-"  m  :irrr>.  ::t  *~i^1:t  to  j-peir:::?  jLidd^r^v  be  tore  the 

re c'^c?  the  ::>v.rgrrr.t5  to  r-bedie::ce.  totikeit  bysviXpRse.     This  att 

A  b^;-  r{  tr-.'-ps  was  ac'rordirgly  h:!T:r.g  tailed ,  it  was  instaiitl 

f^ent  sg2-:.^i   :I;:n>:   but  they  w  ere  =o!\>^J  to  ?.iaimon  the  place  tc 

d^f'2i?d  in  an  rrzijeir.eiit  \iith  the  renvlcr:  an  odicer  of  the  van 

pea-nnts   of    Esc^r.,     ?.iil    another  Etiin^er  \v2S  charged  with  this 

d:v>ijn  of  the  Hc!%'.t.:  army   rr.et  mission,  and  the  time  for  deli 

v.itl.  2  sinvllar  dl:gTj.CL  en  the  fro n-  ticn  was  linfited   to  h;ilf  an 

tieri  of  Underpaid. n,  ilieir  ad vsnc-  The  proposition  \r3S  itrjccted, 

cd  Tuar  1  \^'.t.^  tcully  e^it  to  pi;:ces  rja  iitcack  commenced  Avithou^ 

on  enter" L'g  thar  c?i\icn.  addit'vical  tcrce.     Aiter  a  few 

The  events  of  this  periled  strcrgly  not  <hot  had  been  throMm  inti 

e*»'.n'e  hov.- litt!?  irie  ir.clinutln:.-  of  town,     which    caused    no    sc 

the  Svvi^s  pc  T-'.  ?  had  b^-en  Ci:::?i:lted  damage,   and  an  ineJtrctiial  at! 

by  tl:e  fr:;r:  r-  ^t  the  r.vw  ccnstltu-  had  been  made  to  gain  possess! 

t    ".     All  pjr:f-,,  v.ith  the  e\rep-  a  drawbrid^  and  one  of  thc| 

;  i I :  I  c;  f  t h • : ? :  : : n mc .:':  j * .  'y  cc :  :r.ei:ted  whi!  > t  a  > mall  hody  of  men  had 

v.-  ;-.  liie  H\-.   :":c  £  •   nimer.t,  un-  in  vain  to  enter  the  cin-  from 

ny.rA*\i\  .f    their    ultimate    \iews,  ther  quarter,  a  flag  of  trace  ai 

Were  i.r.t7:.:.T*''Us  in  iheir  etiorts  to  fix>m  the  besieged  with  proposa 

set  it  r,iide,  as  ilie  creature  of  tort  ign  capitulate.     Conditions  were  a] 

JTif^nence,  ever}'  way  hostik*  to  the  immediately  a^eed    upon,    ai 

cfen'.us  of  Swit/r  r'-ind.     The  citv  of  convention  siarned  between  the 

Znrich,  where  it  bad  been  accepted  mandant  of  Berne,  who  had 

by  the  rrcat'=^t  n^imher  of  suffra^re?,  authorized    to    diat    eiiect  by 

not  cnlv  retliS'jd  to  avhnlc  a  d',;.  .h-  ^Tclvctic  jrovemnient,   and  jM 

mentof  the  gnverniMf-ni  troops  'ui-  Waiteville. 
der  the  con:mar.d  of  c  rreral  A^der-         This  convention   was  cond 

malt,  but  actra'V-  f  ::;H.'r!enced  «^wo  on   tlie   evening    of   the    18ti 

successive  HimuardmniLs,  a  sp^^cies  SepltmbiT,     and    it    was    tbi 

iff  warfarti  Lhh-  '.to  une\rjrp:ed  in  agreed,  that  in  ordor  to  arow 

Switzeriaiid        Tliis     circumstini. e  furdivr  elHision  of  blood,  and 

fccned  only  in  r:"'inien«:  the  'T'"i!<^ral  ti'^ularlv  to  spare  the  inhabiiant! 

fxliuTa  ug-jiij:   ti:e  autl'.ority  uhich  the  cify,  tliere  shoidd  be  an  ic 

had  directed  so  violent  a  mca-jure.  diate  cess;:iion  of  hostilities ;  thr 

An  exten.^ive  t;'a«;t  oi  country  was  phice  >kou.d  be  delivered  up  t 

by  liiis  time  in  rjjcn   insurrection,  besieging    army  in.  tlic    cour 

A  Ijrge  body  of  pt  r  -;n".ts  from  x\r-  tweiity-tbur  liours  from  tlic  s 

gpvia,  tlie  cantoa  of  SuieuiCj  Ober-  lure  of  the  coaveoti(»i;    thai 

nieja 


H  I S  T  O  R  Y    O  F    EUROPE. 


229 


members  of  the  government  should 
be  supplied  wnth  all  necessary  faci- 
lities for  the  removal  of  themselves, 
their  families,  and  effects,  together 
tnth  twenty  pieces  of  artillery,  and  a 
given  quantity  of  ammunition  5  that 
the  public  records,  &c.  which  might 
be  left  bi'hind,  should  be  respected  5 
that  the  sick  and  wounded  Should 
be  taken  care  of,  and  sent  to  tiieir 
respective  corps  3  and  that  a  free 
passage  sliould  be  insured  to  the 
government  and  those  attached  to 
it,  as  far  as  the  frontiers  of  the  can- 
tons of  Vaud  and  Fribourg.  General 
Andermatt,  and  the  troops  under  his 
immediate  command,  together  with 
all  other  Helvetic  troops  whatsoever, 
were  to  be  permitted  to  rejoin  their 
government,  with  arms,  baggage, 
and  artillery,  provided  they  took  the 
shortest  road  without  the  city  walls, 
and  moved  at  the  rate  of  five  leagues 
per  day  5  and  it  was  also  agreed, 
that  until  these  troops  had,  in  com- 
pliance with  die  above  tenns,  ar- 
rived at  their  destination,  the  con- 
federates should  not  enter  the  can- 
tons of  Vaud  and  Fribourg. 
De  Watteville  and  his  council  of 

» 

war,  in  acceding  to  such  favourable 
conditions,  seem  to  have  been  ac- 
tuated by  the  desire  of  accelerating, 
as  much  as  possible,  the  retreat  of 
tliis  garrison,  the  Helvetic  army 
under  Andermatt  being  in  the  rear 
of  the  insurgents ;  and  likewise  by 
an  idea,  with  which  they  appear  to 
have  been  strongly  impressed,  that 
if  the  Helvetic  government  were 
once  totally  expelled  the  country, 
France  would  not  interfere  for  the 
pu»^ose  of  reinstating  it. 

Three  days  antecedent  to  the 
capitulation  of  Berne,  a  convention 
was  concluded  between  the  iiHiiii- 
cipality  of  Zurich  and  a  commissary 
of  the  Helvetic  government,  where- 


by it  was  agreed  that  no  ganrison 
should  be  established  in  tliat  cityj 
that  all  past  proceedings  should  bo 
buried  in  oblivion  3  and  that  the 
speediest  means  should  be  adopted  ' 
to  put  an  end  to  all  hostilities. 

Hereupon  Andermatt  raised  the 
blockade  of  Zurich,  and  retreated 
with  great  precipitation,  leaving  his 
artillery  behind  him,  towards  the 
Pays  de  Vaud,  where  the  Helvetic 
govern^nt  intended  to  make  a 
stand,  in  expectation  of  succours  from 
France.  Thus,  by  the  20th  of  Sep- 
tember, tiie  whole  of  German 
Switzerland,  with  the  exception  of 
that  part  of  the  canton  of  Fribourg 
where  the  German  language  is 
spoken,  had  shaken  off  the  yoke  of 
an  usurped  and  detested  govern- 
ment, whose  existence  had  evidently 
been  niaintained  so  long,  merely  by 
the  presence  of  a  French  army. 

The  democratic  cantons,  Uri, 
Schweitz,  Underwalden,  Claris,  and 
Appenzell,  had  hitherto  taken  no 
part  in  tl^ese  latter  transactions,  an 
armistice  having  been  concluded 
between  them  and  the  commander 
of  the  Helvetic  troops  which  had 
been  defeated  on  the  confines  of 
Underwalden  :  but,  upon  receiving 
intelligence  of  the  insurgents  having 
marched  against  Berne,  the  deputies 
of  these  five  cantons  addressed  a  let- 
ter, of  which  a  general  officer  was  the 
bearer,  signed  in  their'^name  by  their 
president  Fteding,  to  the  Helvetic  ge- 
neral Andermatt.  In  this  letter  they 
observed,  ^ihat  the  dissolution  of  tiie 
central  government  of  Berne,  autho-- 
rized  them,  as  well  as  every  patrio- 
tic inhabitant  of  Switzerland,  to 
disa\*ow  a  government  originating'' 
from  a  faction  composed  of  a  few 
discontented  individuals ;  that  every 
obligation  to  obedience,  both  on  hi3 
(Andermatt*s)  part,  and  that  of  his 
G  3  .,     troops. 


220 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


troops,  bad  ceasrd,  as  they  could 
consider  thtniistlves  no  longer  be- 
longing to  a  legal  government ;  and 
that  he  and  his  otficers  should  be 
made  personally  re^pon-iible  for  any 
act  of  hostiliiv  that  should  be  com- 
mitted,  by  the  troops  under  his  com- 
mand, againat  their  forces,  or  against 
the  inhabitants  of  any  other  part  of 
Switzerland.  But  that  it  thev  re- 
turned  quietly  to  their  homv^s,  and 
conducted  themselves  th^  like 
orderly  and  peaceable  citizens,  they 
bhould  be  favourably  lo^^ked  upon 
whenever  a  new  Icgitin^a-e  goveru- 
ment  should  be  e^tabr'>hed*. 

In  a  proclamation,  issued  by  them 
at  ilijsarae  time  lo  the  inhabitants 
of  the  c  -her  cantons,    ihey  declare, 
amopg  other  things,    that  the  Swiss 
name  was  for  ever  iIe;^r:K-e<'l  by  the 
detestable   crimes   with    which    the 
self-named      H».»vet'.c     goveri.:r(^nt 
jud  closed  its  car/er  ( alluding  par- 
ticularly   to    the    bomKirdmont    of 
Zurich) ;  that  thev  were  resolved  to 
rescue  their  con  :r...ii  crur.tr}',  and  to 
bnak  tlie  ohaiii-i  winch  tyrants  were 
forging  tor  tlicm;   tliat  in  entering 
tiicir  teiTitcry,   ihey  ought  not  to  be 
considered  as  enemies,  but  as  friends, 
aniraatfrd  by  a  laudable  anxiety  to 
establish  an    (ujual   participation   of 
rii^hts    in    thosC  districts  where  ex- 
clu.si\e    privileges    had     heretofore 
prevailed,   and  to   secure   to   them 
tho^e  advantages  by  the  constitution 
about  to  be  framed.     They  then  in- 
cited  the   several   pantc>ns  to   send 
each    two     deputies    to    Schweitz 
before  the  24th  of  September,  one 
of  w  hom  should  represent  the  inha- 
bitant.-, of  the  towns,  the  other  those 
of  the  country.     Ihis  j)roclamation 
concluded  with  fixing  the  contingent 
ul  troops  to   be  furnished  by  each 


canton,  amounting,  in  the  3ggr 

to  IS. 200  men.     This  papei 

dated   ihe  IbJi  of  c^  *;?t  mbei 

day  on  which  E<;rre  capitulates 

The  Hclvetx  govern raent, 

scious  of  its*  inability    to  ma: 

itself  against  the  almost  unani 

u'ili  of  the  nation,  hastened  t 

plore  ihe  n:e^liati'~n  and  assistaj 

the    French    republic:     and    ] 

parte,  in  ccrtforii;;ty  witli  his 

*ystem  of  policy,  eagerly  emb 

a  pretext  for  interfering  in  the 

cems  of  a  neidibouriusj  state. 

majority   of    tlie    Sv.iss,    hofm 

trust inc:  to  the  terms  of  the  tre; 

Luneviile,    vainly    flattered   t 

selves    that  no  inipediment  \ 

arise  from  that  quarter,  the  objc 

iheii*  prcctedings  being  strict 

mi  ted  to  the  regulation  of  the 

terual  atibirs;    the  more   so,  j 

must,  from  the  late  events,  be  c 

fest  to  ^11  Europe,    that   wha 

steps  hc.d   been   taken   agaiDSl 

Helvetic  government,  were  in  < 

pliance   with   the  prevailing   s 

ment-.  of  the   people,  who  c 

Jcudlv  for  thr  restoration  of  thi 

cieni  order  of  things. 

Berne  w  as  no  sooner  evacn 
puisuant  to  the  convention  oi 
Ibth  of  September,  than  the  n 
bers  of  the  ancient  govcm 
assembled  there,  and  resumed 
functions  ad  interim,  accordin 
tlieir  accustr»m(  d  terms ;  and  oi 
21st,  they  issued  a  proclamatk 
the  followinor  tenoi.r : 

**  We,  the  great  and  lesser  c 
cils  of  the  cit)'  and  republic  of  Bi 
da,  by  th(  se  presents,  assure  al 
faithHil  adherents  of  our  good 
patriotic  intentions. 

"At  length,  after  repeated  su 
ing%   and  foiu*  }'ears  of  disaster 


«  Vide  *<  State  Papers.' 


.  calan 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


231 


talamity,  we  have  all  attained  the 
object  of  our  wishes.  Invited  by 
propitious  fortune,  and  summoned 
by  the  duties  we  owe  to  our  coun- 
try, we  return  to  tlie  bosom  of  our 


tlie  canton  at  large:  a  distinc- 
tion which,  under  the  ancient  con- 
stitution, had  been  productive  of 
much  discontent,  and  had  greatly- 
contributed  to  the  introduction  of 


common  mother,  the  capital  city  of    French  revolutionary  principles  into* 
Berae,  which  your  courage  and  fide-     tliat  canton. 


lity  have  enabled  us  to  regain.  We 
are  filled  with  gratitude  and  admi- 
ration, in  contemplating  the  sublime 
and  generous  spirit  of  patriotism 
which  has  prompted  you  to  bear  so 
many  dangers^  in  order  to  reestablish 
your  laws  and  government.  The  sove- 
reign power  has  resolved  to  be  on 
terms  of  amity  with  those  who,  dur- 
ing unsettled  and  turbulent  times, 
Jbave  deviated  from  the  line  of  tlieir 
duty.  To  them  it  opens  the  doors 
of  reconciliation.  From  you  it  ex- 
pects oblivion  of  all  the  injuries 
you  have  sustained,  and  that  you 
will  not  sully  the  glorious  triumph 
of  your  country,  by  acts  of  individual 
vengeance*,"  &c.  &c. 

The  Inajority  of  votes  was,  in  the 
fiTst  instimce,  for  the  complete  re- 
establishment  of  the  ancient  regi- 
men 5  but  this  disposition  yielded  to 
the  expediency  of  adopting  certain 


In  consequence  of  the  late  oc- 
currences, Berne  now  became  the 
theatre  of  the  most  important  trans- 
actions. An  executive  council,  con*^ 
si  sting  of  ten  members,  was  nomi- 
nated to  direct  the  affairs  of  the 
state;  and  M.  De  Watteville  was 
appointed,  with  full  powers,  com- 
mander in  chief  of  the  Bernese 
forces.  Volunteers  flocked  thither 
from  ail  parts  of  Switzerland,  2000 
men  carne  from  the  lesser  cantons 
alone,  and  the  number  of  deserters 
from  the  Helvetic  army  was  like- 
wise considerable. 

On  the  .25  th  of  September,  a 
deputation  arrived  at  Berne  from 
Schweitz,  charged  with  an  overture, 
on  the  part  of  the  central  committee 
of  the  diet,  to  levy  a  body  of  20,000 
men  to  act  in  concert  against  the 
Helvetic  government,  and  to  bo 
commanded  by  general   Bachman, 


modifications,  in  consequence  of  the  ^an  officer  of  high  reputation, 
various  changes  effected  by  the  re-        The    proposal  was    immediately 


Volution ;  and  the  sketch  of  a  cour 
ititution,  on  that  basis,   was  at  the 
same  time  posted  up  in  the  city,  for 
the  consideration  of  the  public  f. 
These  sentiments  of  moderation 


acceded  to,  and  ratified  by  the  exe- 
cutive council. 

Thus  a  foundation  was  already 
laid  tliroughout  Switzerland  for 
the   restoration    of    a   constitution 


were  not  confined  to  the  cariton  of  •  consistent  wTth  the  interests,  wishes, 

Berne.  and  habits  of  tlie  people,  and  an 

The    provisional    government  of  armed  force  provided,  perfectly  ade- 

Zurich    took    the  earliest  opportu-  quate  to  free  the  country  from  an 


nity  to  declare,  in  the  most  so- 
lemn manner,  that  the  rights  and 
privileges  heretofore  restricted  to 
tlie  citizens    of  Zurich   should    be 


usurped  dominion,  and  whose  ef- 
forts would,  in  all  human  proba- 
bility, have  been  crowned  with  the 
happiest  success,    had   there   been 


extended     to    the    inhabitants    of    no  more  formidably  en^my  to  con- 


♦  Vide  «  State  Papers." 


Q  4 


t  Ibid, 


tend 


S33        ANNUAL  REGISTER^   1809. 


tend  with  than  the  Helvetic  govern- 
inent.  Under  these  circumstances, 
and  with  a  view  to  conciliate  tliat 
power  from  which  most  was  to  be 
apprehended,  M.  de  Mulinaer,  son 
to  tlie  former  advo}'cr  of  tliat  name, 
was  dispatched  to  Paris  5  represen- 
tations were  likewise  made  to  other 
European  powers ;  and  deputies 
sent  to  the  French  minister  at  Lau- 
sanne. 

By  this  time  the  Helvetic  'troops, 
comprised  in  the  capitulation  of 
Berne,  had  retired  to  the  Pays  de 
Vaud.  It  appears,  however,  that 
a  small  portion  of  them  had  been 
disarmed  by  the  troops  of  the  lesser 
cantons,  who,  in  fact,  were  not 
parties  to  tJiat  convention.  During 
the  night,  between  the  25th  and 
26th  of  September,  the  suspr.nsion 
of  hostilities  was  declared  at  an  end 
by  a  formal  notifiaition  made  to 
the  Helvetic  general  5  and  an  attack 
was  commenced  early  the  next 
morning  against  the  city  of  Fri- 
tx)urg. 

Atter  an  hour's  cannonade  the 
commandant  was  summoned  to  sur- 
render; he  replied,  tliat  he  could 
not  treat  with  those  who  had  tes- 
tified their  ill  faith  in  violating  the 
capitulation  of  Berne,  by  disarming 
the  Helvetic  troops.  The  cannon- 
ade was  then  renewed  for  a  short 
time,  when  a  second  jxirlcy  (00k 
place,  which  terminated  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  first ;  whereupon  the 
attack  recommenced  with  increast^d 
vigour,  and  after  having  continued 
the  whole  of  that  clay  and  part  of 
the  next,  the  garrison  laid  down 
their  anus,  antl  were  permitted  to 
retire  to  tlic  Pays  du  Vaud. 

The  confederates  iiaving  tlius 
made    tliemsehes    masters   of   tlie 


city  of  Fribourg,  proceeded  wid^t 
delay  to  the  Pays  du  Vaud.  Tncy 
issued  a  proclzfmation  to  the  inha« 
bitnnts,  signed  by  their  generals« 
Aufdermaur  and  De  Watteville, 
stating,  that  they  entered  their  ter- 
ritory not  as  enemies  but  friends, 
without  even  the  intention  of  in- 
fluencing their  choice  with  regard 
to  a  future  constitution ;  that  ujeir 
hostility  was  directed  solely  against 
tlie  self-created  gorcmment ;  and 
that,  as  soon  as  they  had .  accom- 
plished their  views  in  tliat  respect, 
tliey  should  retire,  ei^horting  them 
at  the  same  time  to  entertain  no 
apprehensions,  for  that  the  strictest 
discipline  should  he  observed  by 
their  troops,  and  no  individual  be 
molested  *. 

Hereupon  appeared  the  following 
counter-proclamation  on  the  part  of 
the  JuUiumd  pnfect  of  the  canton  of 
Valid,  who  was  temiK)rarily  invested 
with  the  i)owers  of  minister  of 
police.  *'  To  amis,  citizey  !  they 
promised  to  permit  our  troops  to 
arrive  at  the  frontiers ;  they  have 
violated  tlieir  oatlis  :  tliey  promised 
not  to  attack  the  Pays  du  Vaudj 
they  have  attacked  it :  and  will 
you  trust  to  their  further  promises  ? 
What  tmc  Vandois  but  feels  his 
heart  swell  with  indignation,  and 
will  not  take  up  arms  to  defend 
his  house  and  his  fiunily  from  pil- 
lage, from  robbery,  and  from  sla- 
very ?  Let  every  bra^  e  man  come 
forward,  and  we  sluill  avert  thoite 
accmnulatcd  evils.*' 

On  the  3d  of  October  a  general 
action  took  place,  wherein  tJje  Hel- 
vetic army  sustained  rf  total  de- 
feat, and  was  forced  to  fall  biiek 
in  the  greatest  disorder  upon  the 
town  of  jMoudon. 


•  Vide  *«  State  Paixrs." 


In 


HiSTORT    OF    EUROPE.       as$ 


i 


III  the  ojficial  report  publlshicd 
by  the  Helvetic  goveramept  it  is 
8tat^  that  their  troops  did  not  ex- 
ceed, on  tiu»  occasion,  1500  men 
in  number,  whilst  tliose  of  the 
confederates  amounted  to  6000  It 
is,  indeed,  certain  that  the  Helvetic 
troops  were  much  diminished  by  de- 
sertion, and  that  from  the  com- 
mencement of  tlie  struggle  they 
had  in  great  part  ihown  but  little 
attachment  to  the  cause  in  which 
they  were  engaged. 

On  the  evening  of  the  4th  the 
confederates  eutered  Moudon,  witli- 
out  opposit;ior),  and  Andermatt  ar- 
rived the  same  day  with  part  of  his 
army  before  Yverdon,  in  which 
quarter  an  insurrection  had  begun 
to  manifest  itself  against  the  Hel- 
vetic government. 

By  this  succession  of  disasters  the 
Helvetic  government  and  its  ad- 
herents Were  thrown  into  the  ut- 
most consternation.  Pressed  upon 
from  all  sides  of  Switzerland,  with- 
out the  means  of  defending  .them- 
selves, no  alternative  remained, 
but  to  surrender  tliemselves  pri- 
soners, or  abandon  the  coujitryj 
and  they  were  on  the  point  of  re- 
sordng  to  the  latter  expedient,  mi 
of  retiring  either  to  Savoy  or  Ge- 
iieva,  wheii  they  were  relieved 
from  their  embarrassments  by  tl;e 
sudden  arrivjil  of  citizen  Rapp,  an 
adjutant-general  of  Bonaparte,  at 
Lausanne. 

This  officer  proceeded  without 
delay  to  the  seriate,  accompanied  by 
the  French  minister  Verninac,  and  de- 
hvered  to  that  body,  for  its  perusal, 
a  proclamation,  addressed  by  "Bona- 
parte, first  consul  of  the  French  re- 
puWic,  and  president  of  tlie  Italian 
.republic,  to  the  eighteen  cantons  of 
the  Helvetic  republic  :" — a  compo- 
sition which   will  evex*  be  memo,- 


rable  for  its  despotic  arrogance,  and 
which  does  not  condescend  to  tak,e 
the  smallest  notice  of  the  general 
will  of  the  natioii  to  whom  it  pjp©- 
sumes^  to  dictate. 

Bonaparte,  after  reciting,  in  hjs 
way,  tli^^'^sensions  and  calamities 
to  which  Switzerland  had  been  a 
prey  for  some  years,  all  which  he 
attributes  to  the  imskilfulness  and 
weakness  of  its  rulers,  (but  he 
omits  to  mention  that  those  very 
rulers  were  imposed  upon  the  coun- 
try by  the  violent  interference  of 
France,  and  tliat  tlie  consequent 
evils  would  probably  cease  to  exist 
upon  tlie  renioval  of  tlie  cause,)  de- 
clares, that  although  he  had  resolved 
not  to  interfere  in  thei#  affairs,  he 
ROW  retracted  his  deiaminatiwi ; 
tiiat  he  would  he  the  mediator  of 
their  differences,  aijd  that  his  me^ 
dlation  should  be  efficacious,  such 
as  /behtted  th6  great  nation  in  whose 
name  he  spoke  j  that  five  days  from 
the  jK)ti6catiou  of  the  presei;^t 
proclamation  tlie  Helvetic  senate 
should  reassemble  at  Berne,  and  the 
prefects  repair  to  their  posts,  and 
that  all  tlie  authorities  established 
since  the  capitulation  of  Bern^ 
should  be  dissolved  j  that  the  1st 
and  2d  Helvetic  demi-brigadcsi 
should  compose  the  garrison  of 
Berne,  and  that  all  the  other  troops 
in  the  service  of  the  Helvetic  go- 
vernment should  remain  embodied^ 
but  that  the  confederates  should 
deposit  their  arms  at  their  munici- 
palities on  b^ing  disbanded  j  that 
three  deputies  from  the  senate 
should  be  sent  to  Paris,  and  th^t 
each  canton  might  likewise  send  ' 
delegates,  to  make  known  the 
megns  of  restoring  tranquillity,  &c. 
That  on  his  part  he  had  a  rigkt  to 
ex'pect  that  no  city,  no  connnunity, 
no  lodij  (fpersonSj  should  act  in  aiijr 


234        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


way    contrary    to    the   dispositiorrs 
which  he  made  known  to  them. 

"  Inhabitants  of  Helvetia  !  (he 
then  exclaims)  revive  to  hope  !"  ficc. 
*'  There  is  no  man  of  sense  who 
does  not  see  that  the  mediation 
which  I  have  taken  upon  .myself  is 
a  benefaction  of  that  Providence 
which  in  the  midst  of  so  many 
shfM:ks  had  constantly  watched  over 
the  existence  and  independence  of 
j'ciir  nation,  and  that  this  medis- 
tion  is  the  only  means  that  remains 
to  prcsen  e  to  you  both  the  one 
and  the  oihcr,'*  &c.  &c. 

This  paper  having  been  read,  ad- 
jutant-general Kapp  acquainted  the 
senate,  that  he  meant  to  repair 
to  Berne  to  make  the  same  commu- 
nication to  the  insurgents.  He  set 
out  acc(;rdingly  a  few  minutes  after- 
wards. 

In  reply  to  this  important  noti- 
fication, the  following  resolution 
was  immediately  agreed  to  :  "  Tlie 
•enate  ha  vino  read  the  declaration 
of  the  first  consul  of  France,  dated 
St.  Cloud,  the  8th  Vendemiaire,  year 
11,  brought  this  day  by  general 
Rapp,  decree,  that  they  receiv  e  witli 
the  most  lively  gratitude  this  new 
testimony  of  the  good  wishes  of  the 
first  consul  towards  the  Helvetic 
people,  and  tliat  the  senate  will 
conform  to  the  said  declaration,  as 
far  as  relates  to  them.  The  present 
decree  shall  be  communicated  to  all 
the  autliorities,  as  well  as  to  the 
commanders  of  the  troops  in  arms 
against  the  government." 

This  declaration  of  Bonaparte  was 
not  an  empty  threat,  for  a  body 
of  French  troops,  to  the  nomiuid 
amount  of  40,000  men,  w  as  at  the 
same  tim(!  colled c4  on  the  frontiers 
of  Switzerland^  under  tlie  command 


of  general   Ney,    the     obj« 
which  was  to  reoccupy  that 
tiy. 

Tv/o  days  subsequent  to  tl 
lival  of  adjutant-general  Ra 
Lausanne,  r.n  anuistice  was 
eluded  between  the  general  o 
gade  Van  der  Veld,  (who  hac 
norr' Dated  on  the  3d  of  Octol 
replace  Andermatt,)  on  the  p 
the  Helvetic  government  3  ai 
lonel  Hcrrer.schwald,  auth< 
to  tl  at  effect  by  baron  Bad 
general  in  chief  of  the  confo 
Swiss  troops*:  the  substam 
which  was,  that  hostilities  s 
not  recommence  until  twent^ 
hours  after  the  return  of  gt 
Rapp  to  Lausanne ;  and  fix 
line  of  demarkation  for  hot 
mies. 

The  Helvetic  government, 
encouraged  by  the  countenanc 
support  of  France,  assumed  n 
more  decided  tone.  Signatui 
a  fulsome  address  presented  1 
French  minister  were  obtained 
the  greater  number  of  the  cox 
nities  of  the  Pays  dc  Vaud  5  a  « 
try  where  the  French  langoa 
spoken,  and  an  ancient  conqu< 
the  canton  of  Berne,  but  v, 
from  not  being  admitted  to  a 
joyment  of  equal  privileges 
long  been  disaffected.  It  had 
the  earliest  and  most  active  pj 
the  Swiss  revolution,  and  stil 
nished  the  most  zealous  p^rtiss 
the  new  government. 

This  address  was  of  course^  1 
these  circumstances,  a  con: 
acknowledgement  of  the  accuse 
contained  in  Bonaparte's  procl 
tion,  and  expressive  of  the 
obliiiations  of  diose  communit 
tlie  Fcicificator  of  Europe^,  to 


Vide  "  State  Papers.** 


t  Vide 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


sa^ 


Iwnevolcnt  interference.  It  con- 
duilod  with  these  words  j  '^  The 
name  of  Bonaparte  can  only  be 
pronounced  with  admiration  and 
gratitude  by  our  posterity,  as  it  is 
DOW  by  ourselves." 

During  these  transactions,  the 
diet  assembled  at  Schwertz  were 
peaceably  occupied  in  devising  the 
fittest  means  for  restoring  the  an- 
cient tranquillity  and  prosperity  of 
their  countiy. 

They  issued,  on  the  30th  of  Sep- 
tember, a  proclamation  addressed 
to  the  inhabitants  of  Switzerland  at 
large,  of  which  the  following  are 
extracts :  *'  The  moment  is  at 
length  aiTived  when  tlie  Swiss  na- 
.  tion  can  freely  and  openly  express 
her  will,  with  regard  to  the  political 
constitution  which  she  may  think 
proper  to  give  herself."  After 
speaking  in  terms  of  just  reproba- 
tion of  the  Helvetic  government, 
it  proceeds  thus :  '^  The  period  is 
come  in  which  order  and  peace  are 
to  be  restored ;  those  who  dare  to 
disturb  either,  shall  receive  severe 
punishment.  A  few  examples  of 
this  sort  will  undoubtedly  be  suffi- 
cient to  open  the  eyes  of  those  who 
suffer  themselves  to  be  misled,  and 
to  deliver  them  for  ever  from  the 
snares  of  their  perfidious  leaders. 
Even  these  last  may  be  reclaimed 
^'hen  they  see,  that  far  from  wish- 
ing completely  to  reestablish  the 
ancient  order  of  things,  however 
^ppy  it  viight  formerly  have  been,  it 
Unoiv  dest rayed f  irrevocably  destnyy- 
ft//«-The  most  careful  attention 
"^ill  be  employed,  as  well  in  tlie 
establishment  of  the  general  con- 
«titutioi},  as  in  the  formation  of 
particular  institutions :  and  care 
W^U  be  taken  neither  to  lose  sight 


of  the  changes  which  have  oc* 
curred  in  the  nature  of  things,  nor 
of  the  sentiments  which  these 
changes  may  have  given  birth  to. 
Every  thing  will  be  done,  that  is 
consistent  with  reason,  to  aftbrd 
general  satisfaction.  It  is  by  such 
conduct  that  Switzerland  can  show 
herself  wortliy  of  the  benevolent 
intentions  which  have  been  evinced 
towards  her  by  two  great  neigbour- 
ing  powers,  who,  by  the  11 16  ot" 
ticle  of  the  treaty  of  Luneville,  sti- 
pulated that  she  shou'id  have  the 
right  of  regulating  her  own  consti-» 
tution. 

*'  That  Divine  Providence,  which 
has  conducted  us  through  so  manjr 
storms,  to  a  state  of  things  so  emi* 
nently  fortunate,  will  also  grant 
us  its  assistance  in  the  accomplish-^ 
ment  of  this  great  work,  and  will 
lead  us  tlirough  those  painful  trial* 
to  that  happy  and  peaceful  state,  ' 
the  influence  of  which  was  felt 
even  beyond  our  ancient  bounda*  ' 
ries*." 

And  in  conformity  with  the  senti- 
ments therein  expressed,  they  agreed 
upon  the  principles  of  a  constitu- 
tion, apparently  well  suited  to  the 
pation,  circumstanced  as  she  then 
was,  and  certainly  not  reasonably 
to  be  objected  to  by  any  foreign 
power  t. 

The  arrival  of  adjutant-general 
Rapp  at  Berne,  and  the  publication 
of  Bonapart6's  imperious  mandate, 
together  with  a  verbal  declaration 
made  by  tJie  former  in  the  name  of 
the  first  consul,  that  a  French  arm/ 
of  40,000  men  would  immediately 
reoccupy  Switzerland,  produced  the 
deepest  sensation  in  that  city.  The 
provisional  government,  struck  with 
astonishment  at  this  unheard  of  pr(K 


♦  Vide  **  State  Papers." 


t  IbiO, 


ceediog, 


2S6        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

ceedin^,  were  at  first  under  consi-  yourself  to  ensure    to    her  by  the 

derable  dllTicu.lt ies,  with  respect  to  treptv    of   LuneviUe.     Switzerland 

the  line   of  conduct  tliey  ought  to  woiiid  long  since  have  been  tranquilf 

ado;)t   upon  tliis  occasion.     In  this  if  the    members   of   the   Helvetic 

state  of  erabanassment  it  was  even  government,    those   obscure    meta- 

propo.ied  that  their  troops  should  he  physician ;,  had  consulted  the  real 

immediately  disbanded.      A  laud-  state  of  ad'airs,  instead  of  obstmately 

able    indignation,    however,    over-  attaching   themselves    to    theoretic 

came  this  impression,  and  the  only  experiments,  as  erroneous  as  th^ 

reply  they  condescended  to  give  to  are  expensive.     The  violence  with 

tliis   indolent    paper   was,   to   refer  which  they  have    tried    to  impose 

the   bearer    of    it   t(^    the   diet   at  their    system  upon  the  democratic 

Scliweitz,  as  the  supreme  legislative  cantons,  the  civil  war    they   have 

representative   body    of    the   Swiss  organized   to  attain  their  end,  di* 

nation.  rectcJ  at  first  against  those  cantons^ 

The    proclamation   was   accord-  then  against  all    Switzerland,    the 

ingly  trai^smitted  to  Schweitz,  and  unexampled    severity    which    they 

the  diet  returned  the  followuig  an-  cmployciK  have  produced  a  discon- 

^wer  to  iionnpartc  :  tent  ecjnaily  general  and  just,  ands. 

''  Citizen  lir«»t  consul,  deteniiined    and    avowed    w^ill    to 

''The  proclamation  which  you  shake  otf  this  insupportable  yoke: 
did  us  the  hoiicur  to  send  to  us  on  it  is  not  then,  general  first  consulj 
the  30th  of  Se{)tcmber,  by  citizen  an  affair  of  party  5  it  is  the  sacred 
Rnpp,    yoiu:    adjutant-general,    ar-  cause  of  humanity  j  it  is  the  general 
rived   at   Schweitz  on   the  Oth  of  wish  of -a  whole  nation,  which  hat 
October ;    we   could  have   wished  given  us  our  powers  and  our  iiH 
that  the  letter  which  we  took  the  structions,  of  a  nation  which  yoa 
liberty   of  addressing   to  you,   ge-  yourself  were  desirous  to  free,  and 
neral  first  consul,  on  the  30th  of  which  has  been  ill-treated  and  inri* 
September,  could  have  readied  you  tated  contrary  to  your   intentions* 
sooner ;  it  contains  a  faidiful  expo-  Yet    that   nation  (we   render  our- 
sition  of  the  present  state  of  Sv/it-  selves  her  guarantees)    will    nev^ 
zerland  '^.     Permit  us  to   send  en-  abuse  the  liberty  she  claims.     The 
closed  to  you  a  duplicate  of  it,  and  Swiss  have  nothing  more  at  heart 
to  entreat  }  ou  to  receive  it  favour-  than  to  attain  a  state  of  repose,  id 
ably.     It    will   prove   to  you   tliat  which,  under  the  shield  of  a  mild 
the  movements  which  have  taken  and   just    government,  each  inha« 
place  in  Switzerland  are   not   the  bitant  may  enjoy  his  property  and 
result  of  a  spirit  of  party,  and  that  existence.     We  are  convinced  that 
the  Swiss  nation  has  no  other  ob-  w  c  shall  arrive  at  that  essential  ob- 
ject in  view  than  to  make  use  of  ject  of  all  social  order,  from  the 
the  right  which  she  claims  of  giving  moment  that  our  will  and  our  c£- 
to  herself  a  central    and  cantonal  forts  shall  be  no  longer  fettered. 
constitution,  founded  on  her  posi-  General  first  consul,  all  Europe  ad* 
tion  a::d   her  wants ;  a  sacred  and  mires  in  you  the  supreme  head  of 
precious    right,   which  you  deigned  an  immense    power    and   empire* 

♦  Vide  "  State  Papers." 

which* 


ftisTORY   OF   EURopir,      §n 

I 

Irhich,  without  doubt,  according  to  general  Rapp  ha^  made  in  his  namCt 

your  own  views,  will  be  directed  of    sending    an    army    of  40,000 

to  the    good  of  humanity;    your  men  into  Switzerland,  I  baVe  the 

magnanimity  assures  us,  that  you  honour  to  acquaint  the  general  that 

wiff  not   make  use   of  it  rtgainst  we  shall   yield  to  force,  and  that 

a  people  who  only  desire  what  you  no  one  thinks  of  contending  with 

kave  made   tliem  hope,    and  who  the  power  of  the  first  consul :    but 

only  wish  what  they  believe  them-  there  remain  in  our  possession  arm$- 

selves  authorized,    by  yourself,  to  which    he  himself  esteems- 5    they 

do.    Penetrated  with   eternal  gra-  are  the  justice  of  our   cause,    tlie 

titude,    the  Swiss   nation  will  en-  voice  of  the  people,  and  of  poste- 

deavour  to  deserve  tlie  good  will  of  rity." — Signed,      colonel      Pfyfier, 

tiie  French  government,  and  will  member    of  the  council  of  state ; 

folfil  all  the  duties  which  are  im-  and    dated    Berne,    Octobter    ptti, 

posed  upon   her   by  the  desire  of  1802. 

cultivating  the  good  understanding  A  few  days  aftenvards  tlie   fbl- 

which  should  exist  between  neigh-  lowing  afiecting  proclamation  was 

bouring  states.     It  is  with  die  most  issued  by  tlie  council  of  war,   of 

distinguished    respect  that  we  re-  the    Swiss   league,    to   their   bro- 

main,  general  first  consul,  thers  in  arms.     It  was  dhted  Basle, 

"  The  deputies    of   the  ^^^ber  i:^  l$OX 

Helvetic  diet,  '*  Friends    and  brothers,    when 

*.  T>  .  1  o  1       ..     ^  .    ^    ,r,l^M  y^^  separated  yourselves  from  your 

''Dated  Schweitz,  Oct  18,  1802.»'  Ues,  your  children,  your   fa4ers 

The  above  letter  was  given    in  aiid  your  friendsj    to  conquer  for 
charge  to    two   gentlemen    named  your  children  libert^^  independence, 
Pfyffer  and  Freuler,  to  be  delivered  and  prosperity,  you  abandoned  with 
to    adjutant-general    Rapp;     Mr.  alacrity  and  courage  your  cottage* 
Pfyffer,  on  being  requested  by  ad-  and  your  hefd^:-  Thig-idea, '  T/ie  God 
jutant- general   Rapp    to     make    a  ofourfdthen  is  with  us,  and  pro^ 
written  communication  of  the  verbal  tects  us/  gav6  you  force  to  brave 
assurances    which    he    had    given  all  dangers,  and  to  despise  the  fa- 
him  of  the  seritunents  of  the  diet,  tigues  of  war.   You  quitted   with 
addressed  to  him  a  note  to  the  fol-  songs    your  mountains    and    your 
lowing  effect :  vallies,  to  enter  into  the  field  and  de« 
"  The  Swiss  diet  at    Schweitz  fend  the  caitse  of  freedom  and  your 
have  charged  me  to  make  known  country.       The    Almighty    bless- 
•  ^  you,  general   Rapp,    tliat  they  ed   your    efforts,    and    heard    the 
are  convinced  that  the  letter  which  just    prayers  of  a  nation     known 
they  have    addressed   to    tlie  first  only  by  the  rfectitude  of  her  views, 
consul  will  remove    the  fatal   im-  and  which  had  at*med  for  her  liberty 
pression  which  has  been  attempted  and  independence.  Our  enemies,  our 
to  be  made  upon  his  mind,  with  oppressors,     the     self- denominated 
respect  to  tlie  state  of  anarchy  and  Helvetic  government,  with  its  fee- 
faction  in  which  he  might  believe^  be  part}-,   havfe  been  driven  almost 
Switzerland  to  be  at  present.     If  tlie  to  the  frontiers  of  the  confederate'" 
first  consul  persists  in  carrying  into  cantons.     But,  bmthers  and  friends, 
execution  tlic  verbal  menaces  .which>  we    h«yc  i»eofei*ied    a   notification, 

that; 


238 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1J0«. 


that  if  wc  did  tiot  by  our  con- 
duct give  pr(X)fs  of  an  entire  con- 
fidence in  the  first  consul  of  the 
powtii'ul  nation  of  France,  (who 
has  caused  a  declaration  to  be  made 
by  his  envoy,  general  Rnpp,  to  our 
lathers  assembled  at  Schweitz, 
tliat  he  wishes  to  interpose  as 
mediator  in  the  war  in  which 
\i'e  are  engaged  against  the  odicms 
Helvetic  government,)  we  should 
be  compelled  to  it  by  tlie  victorious 
arms  of  French  warriors.  Brothers, 
friends,  confedenJtas,  \\'ho  amongst 
us  could  liave  conceived  the  thought 
of  our  being  menaced  by  the  nu- 
merous and  experienced  armies  of 
France?  No,  friends,  no.  We 
wish  to  await  peaceably  the  deter- 
mination of  the  first  consul ;  and 
with  that  order,  that  moderation, 
and  that  discipline,  which  have 
hitherto  guided  your  steps,  you 
will  receive,  we  are  convinced,  the 
commands  of  your  superiors,  of 
your  general  -,  and  even.*  if  it 
should  be  necessary,  you  will  re- 
turn to  your  homes,  to  the  end 
that  our  country  may  not  be  ex- 
hausted by  the  entrance  of  foreign 
troops  5  that  we  may  not  be  de- 
prived of  the  scanty  harvest  of  this 
year,  which  we  hoped  to  consume 
with  our  childi'en ;  and  that  we 
may  not  be  plunged  into  indigence 
and  misery.  It  is  only  tlie  Helve- 
tic government,  directed  by  its  pas- 
sions and  its  private  interest,  that 
could  call  in  die  aid  of  foreign  troops: 
we,  who  took  up  ai*ms  solely 
for  our  country  and  tranquillit)'> 
have  no  need  of  troops  to  attain 
our  object  :  but,  relying  on  our 
conduct,  we  dare  to  hope  that 
the ^firsi  consul  of  Frame,  who  has 
guarantied  our  independence,  and 
who  has  been  deceived  by  false 
reports,  wiU^   as  soon  as  he  shall 


be  informed  of  the  true  State  iif 
things,  adopt  measures  which. wil! 
secure  our  honour,  and  the  prqs*^ 
perity  and  independence  of  oui^ 
countrj'.  May  the  Altnighty  deignf 
to  grant  this,  who  bus  enabled  uf 
to  make  an  im}:ortant  step  towards 
our  future  happiness,  and  hascro^^n* 
ed  our  arms  widi  his  benediction.** 

It  seems  to  have  been  6ne  of 
the  principal  objects  of  this  pub- 
licadon,  to  make  an  impression  orf 
the  minds  of  tlie  French  nation  i* 
and  indeed  it  is  impossible  to  draw 
a  more  faidiful  picture  of  the  real 
sentiments  with  which  the  gitjat 
majority  of  this  uhfoi  tunate  peopllt 
were  inspired  in  the  present  stniggW 
for  tlie  recovery  of  their  con- 
stitution, under  which  tliey  enjoyedy 
to  the  fullest  extent,  all  the  happirtesi 
and  advantage  which  can  be  derived  . 
from  rational  freedom. 

From  the  foregoing  documents,  if  ' 
is  easy  to  collect  what  line  of  con- 
duct the  diet  had  resolved  to  pursue 
in   the   present  crisis.    The  mem- 
bers of  this   respectable  and  truly' 
patriotic  body    remained   at     their 
post    in   the  firm    and    temperate, 
exercise  of  the  duties  imposed  uporf' 
them  by  their  country  :  while  they 
were  disposed  to-  hope  that  the  re- 
presentations    and     remonstrance^ 
made  by  them  to  Bonaparte  woiil^- 
cause  him  to  relent,  and. not  persist^ 
in  die  violent  and  tyrannical  mcdi-f 
ation  with  which  he  had  threatened 
them,  they  expected  that  the  other- 
powers    of  Europe,   roused  by  sfif 
flagrant  a  violation  of  treaty,  and^ 
so    unjustifiable  an  attack  on   the 
liberties  of  an  independent  and  un^ 
offending  nation,  would   step  for-  ■ 
ward   in  her  behalf.     Should  they 
be  disappointed  in  so  just   a  hopey. 
and  be  left  to  dieir  own  means  of 
defence  alone^   all  that    remained 


y 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE^ 


3sa 


for  them  to  do  was,  by  solemnly 
protesting  against  tlie   conduct  of 
France,  and  appealing  to  all  man- 
kind, to  make  it  manifest  to  the 
"world  that  they  only  yielded  to  the 
very  superior  force  of  an  enormous 
power,  whose  armies  wpre  already 
atdieir  frontiers,  and  against  whom 
it  would  be   absolute   madness  to. 
contend. 

The  hopes,  whatever  they  might 
ha?ebe^n,  which  had  been  conceived 
firora  the  moderation  and  justice 
of  Bonaparte,  were  speedily  blasted 
by  the  invasion  of  tlie  Swiss  territory 
by  the  French  army,  on  various 
points,  both  from  France  and  Italy : 
these  troops  were  placed  under  the 
orders  of  general  Ney,  who  was' 
at  the  same  time  accredited  mi- 
nister plenipotentiary  to  the  Hel- 
vetic government,  in  the  room  of 
Veminac,  who  was  recalled. 

This-  outrageous  conduct  of  Bo- 
naparte, in  defiance  of  his  own 
solenm  guaranty,  jf  the  right  of 
Switzerland  to  adopt  the  form  of 
government  most  agreeable  to  her 
inhabitants,  could  not  fail  to  excite 
universal  indignation.  The  mur- 
murs of  mankind  were  heard 
even  in  the  Thuilleries.  How- 
ever impenetrable  as  that  x  palace  at 
present  maybe  considered  to  be  to  the 
cry  of  justice  and  humanity,  it  wa» 
judged  expedient  to  silence  them : 
not  by  a  generous  abandonment  of  the 
measure,  but  by  a  laboured  at- 
tempt to  justify  it  in  the  eyes  of 
Europe,  which  appeared  in  a  pub- 
lic letter  from  Talleyrand,  minister 
for  foreign  affairs,  to  Mr.  De  Cetto, 
the  Bavarian  envoy  resident  at 
Paris.  This  paper*  which  is  a 
<^mposition  of  misrepresentation 
£rom  beginning    to   end,    had  no 

♦  Vide  "  State  Papers." 


other  effect  than  to  aggravate  the  ini- 
quity of  the  proceeding.  But  the 
rulers  of  France  have  long  had  the 
presumption  to  suppose  that  they 
possess  the  talent  of  convincing 
mankind,  in  opposition  ^o  fact  an4 
to  reason. 

Such,    however,  was  the  situa- 
tion and  the  policy  of  the  different 
powers  of  Europe,  that  Great  Bri- 
tain alone  manifested  a  disposition 
to  come    forward  to  the  relief  of 
this  unfortunate   nation.     On  tho. 
10th  of  October,  lord  Hawkesbury, 
his  majesty's  principal  secretary  of 
state  for  foreign  affairs,  addressed 
a  note  to  Mr.  Otto  the  French  mi- 
nister in  London,  wherein  his  lord- 
ship  expressed   the  sentiments  ot 
deep  regret  excited  in  his  majesty's 
breast  by  the  proclamation  of  the 
first  consul  to  the  Helvetic  people, 
and  wherein  he  explicitly  declares, 
that  his    majesty   ''sees    the  lat« 
exertions  of  the  Swiss  cantons  in 
no  other  light  than  as  the  lawfiii 
efforts  of  a   brave   and    generous  ^ 
people  to  recover  their  ancient  laws    » 
and  government,    and  to    procure 
the  reestablishment   <rf  a    system, 
which  experience  has  demonstrated, 
not  only  to  be  favourable  to  the 
maintainanceof  their  domestic  hap- 
piness, but  to  be  perfectly  consist- 
ent with  the  tranquillity  and  secu- 
rity of  other  powers  t :  and  shortly 
after  Mr.  Moore,  who  had  been 
one  of  his  majesty's  secretaries  at 
the  negotiation  of  Amiens,  was  sent 
upon    a    confidential    mission    to 
Switzerland,    in  order  to  ascertain 
the  state  of  affairs  in  that  country, 
the  dispositions  of  the  inhabitants, 
and  in  what  mode  the  interference 
of  the  British   government    could 
be  most  effectually  employed    for 


t  To  this  no  answer  was  retumiBd* 


thrxr 


240         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1^, 


their  advantage.  This  gentleman 
waJ;  authorized  to  promise  tliem,  in 
h7s  majesty's  name,  pecuniary  suc- 
cours, in  case  he  should  find  them 
determined  to  resist  by  force  of 
arms  the  attacks  of  France. 

In  the  mean  time  the  Helvetic 
government  was  reinstated  at  Berne 
under  the  protection  of  the  French 
army,  which  continued  to  advance 
into  the  heart  of  tlie  country,  and 
the  conledcrate  troops  were  either 
disbanded  or  recalled  from  the  po- 
sitions which  they  had  occupied. 

TJie  first  act  of  this  government 
was  to  publish  a  proclamation  to 
the  inhabitants  of  Switzerland'^, 
recommending^  them  to  bury  the 
late  events  in  oblivion,  and  exhort- 
ing them  to  submit  to  the  consti- 
tution, otherwise  the  smallest  re- 
sistance would  be  sufficient  to  draw 
down  upon  them  the  vengeance  of 
the  first  consul  of  the  French  repub- 
lic. They  then  summoned  tlie  jiro- 
visional  government  to  dissolve 
itself.  The  ktter  containing  lliis  rc- 
c]uisition  was  returned  iino])ened. 
To  a  similar  requisition  made  to  the 
diet  of  Schweitz  f  by  general  Key, 
demanding  them  to  declare  whe- 
ther or  not  they  would  accede  to 
the  proclai!i[ition  of  the  first  consul, 
they  rc'})Ii(xl  by  a  note,  dated  the 
26th  of  October:!:,  that  already,  on 
the  i:;th  of  that  month,  tl)cy  had 
taken  the  resolution  of  delivering 
up  their  powers  into  tlie  hands  of 
their  constituents,  as  soon  as  the 
French  troops  should  enter  Switzer- 
land, having  never  entertained  the 
design  of"  opposing  them  by  f^rce  of 
arms.  Now  that  they  were  positively 
informed  that  the  cities  of  Basle  and 
Berne  wei*e  occupied  by  French 
troops,  the  diet  would   no   longer 


delay  to  dissolve  itself  j   dcclariiiff  at 
the  same  time  to  that  general,  tnat 
in  obedience  to  the  instructions  of 
their  constituents,    to    which  thcjr 
considered    themselves    obliged    to 
conform,  they  could  not  regard  the 
Helvetic  government  as  established, 
nor  alienate  the  sacred  right  of  their 
nation   to  form  a  constitution  for 
herself  5    a   right   which    tliey    in- 
herited from  their  ancestors,    and 
which  was  confirmed  to   them  by 
the   treaty  *of  Luneville.     Besides^ 
they  were  firmly  persuaded  that  the 
Swiss  woudd    never  recover    their 
tranquillity  and  tiieir  happiness  bat 
by  the  exercise  of  that  right. 

And  accordingly,  on  the  28th  of 
October,  this  venerable  assembly 
of  true  patriots  finally  dissolved  it- 
self 5  but  before  they  closed  their 
sittings  they  issued  a  proclamation 
to  tlie  ensuing  effect :  *^  The  mem- 
bers of  the  diet  return  the  powers 
wherewith  they  were  invested  into 
the  hands  of  -their  constituenta, 
having  been  interrupted  in  theii' 
proceedings  by  a  foreign  armed  force, 
and  by  the  mfluence  of  extraordi- 
nary circumstances.  They  do  not 
renounce  the  right  guarantied  to 
tlie  difi'erent  cantons,  by  the  treaty 
of  I.uneville,  of  giving  to  Switzer- 
land a  suitable  constitution,  and  they 
protest  beforehand  against  every 
act  on  the  part  of  other  inhabitants 
of  Switzerland  to  renounce  that 
right." 

"  These  events  succeeded'  caA 
other  witli  such  rapidity,  that  Mr, 
Moore,  the  British  agent,  had  only' 
time  to  arrive  at  the  frontiers  A 
Switzerland  a  very  few  days  before 
the  dissolution  of  the  diet.  Con- 
sequently his  mission  had  no  o^er 
eficct  than  to  prove  to  the  Swisi^ 


*  Vi<Ic  «  State  Papers." 


t  Ibi'i. 


X  Ibid. 


tliflt 


HISTORY     OF    EUROPE. 


241 


tlhat  ibere  was  still  one  nation  in 
Europe  safficiently  magnanimqus 
and  generous  to  take  an  active  in* 
teres t  in  their  cause. 

The  patriotic  endeavours  of  the 
Swiss,  to  establish  a  constitution 
conformable  tp  their  wishes  and  their 
habits,  having  been  thus  most  iniquit- 
ously  frustrated  3  and  there  being 
notiiing  to  be  expected  from  a  longer 
resistance  but  a  further  accumula- 
tion of  evils  5  they  felt  themselves 
tinder  the  painful  necessity  of  sub- 
mitting, with  repressed  indignation, 
to  see  their  territory  again  in  the 
possession  of  a  French  army. 

Those  who  had  been  most  dis- 
tinguished by  their  efforts  to  re- 
establish the  independence  of  their 
country,  became  the  peculiar  ob- 
jects of  persecution. 

A  respectable  gentleman,  of  the 
name  of  Hirtzel,  member  of  tlie  an- 
cient magistracy  of  Zurich,  having 
been  arrested,  Aloys  Reding,  the  in- 
trepid champion  of  Switzerland,  was 
urged  by  his  friends,  who  foresaw 
what  would  happen,  to  retire  to 
lome,  place  of  safety.  A  passport 
for  that  purpose  was  even  procured 
for  him  j  but,  disdaining  to  avail 
himself  of  it,  he  delivered  it  to 
the  officer  ordered  to  arrest  him, 
observing  that,  having  failed  in  his 
endeavours  to  restore  freedonj  to 
Switzerland,  he  conceived  himself 
more  particularly  bound  to  take 
Upon  himself  the  entire  responsibi- 
lity. *'  I  have  obeyed,  said  he,  the 
voice  of  my  conscience  and  of  my 
<xuntry ;  do  you  obey  the  orders  of 
yfnir  master.''  He  was  then  con- 
veyed a  prisoner,  together  with 
■omeof  his  colleagues,  who  insisted 
ut)OQ  sharing  his  fate,  to  the  castle 
ofAarbourg. 

In  the  midst  of  these  calamitous 
clreamstances,    tlie  several  cantons 

Vol.  XLIV. 


and  principal  towns  were  requiripd 
to  send  delegates  to  Paris,  in  order 
to  consult  upon  a  new  form  of  con- 
stitution. Most  ^rts  of  Switzeir- 
land  complied  with  this  requisition^ 
that  they  might  not  neglect  any 
means  that  still  remained  of  pre- 
venting, in  some  degree,  the  adop- 
tion of  measures  inimical  to  their 
interests. 

The  majority  of  these  deputies, 
to  tlie  number  of  between  fifty  and 
sixty,  assembled  in  Paris,  at  the 
latter  end  of  the  month  of  No- 
vember, and  a  commission  com- 
posed of  four  members,  Barthekmy, 
Desmeuniers,  Fouche,  andKoederer, 
were  nom'mated  by  the  French 
government  to  assist  at  tlieir  dis- 
cussions, and  to  report  to  the 
first  consvil,  from  time  to  time^ 
the  ^progress  made  in  this  business  : 
at  some  of  tlieir  sittings  Bonaparte 
attended  in  person  5  and  deputations  ■ 
from  this  body  occassionally  waited 
upon  him,  as  it  were,  to  consult 
his  opinion. 

Bonaparte  conscious,  no  doubt, 
that  his  conduct,  throughout  these 
transactions,  was  much  too  flagrant 
not  to  excite  universal  abhorrence, 
and  desirous,  if  possible,  to  con- 
ciliate, by  some  measures  of  con- 
cession, a  brave  people  whom  he 
had  so  cruelly  outraged,  relaxed  in 
many  points  from  the  principles  of 
government  which  he  had  origi- 
nally forced  upon  them.  He  de- 
clared, at  an  early  meeting  o£  the 
deputies,  that,  on  becoming  better 
acquainted  with  their  country,  he 
was  convinoed  that  an  unifornx 
system  of  government  was  not  suit- 
able to  a  people  habituated  to  dif- 
ferent usages  and  customs,  and 
consequently  tliat  they  must  approx- 
imate to  their  ancient  constitution. 

*'  Federali^jn,*'     he      observed, 
R  "  weakeo^ 


142         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


"  weakens  great  states,  by  dividing 
tlieir  strength  ;  it  augments  that  of 
small  states,  because  each  part 
thereby  preserves  its  natural  energy 
undiminished."  On  another  occa- 
sion he  remarked  (with  what  con- 
sistency is  immaterial),  **  tliat  the 
security    of  Switzerland  depended 


more  upon  her  weakness  tlian  upoh 
her  strengtli.** 

Under  these  auspices,  tlie  depu- 
ties of  the  Swiss  nation  commenced 
their  laboiWs  5  and  such  was  the 
mode  of  proceeding  adopted  for  thd 
framing  a  constitution  for  a  free 
and  independent  people'! !  ! 


e^AR 


4 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE.         243 


CHAP.     XIX, 

I 

Continuation  of  Prench  Affairs.^  Legion  of  Honour  imtituted,-^  Constitution 
— Joseph  Bonaparte  elected  Grand  Officer  thereff. — New  Constitution 
of'  France— acct'ptiid, — Situation  of  Bonaparte — and  of  the  Continent, 
-^ Austria. — Journey  qf  the  Emperor  to  Preshurg — Diet  of  Prcs- 
lurg. — Poland— Disturbance  at  JVdrsaw. —  Italy — King  of  Etruria-^ 
Misunderstanding  letween  his  Majesty  and  Bonaparte. — Sardinia— A  Hi" 
cation  of  the  King  in  favour  of  hh  Brother. — Ligurian  Republic. — Naples. 
— Spain,— Treaty  with  Russia. — Seizure  of  the  Property  of  the  Knights 
^'  Malta. — Journey  to  Barcelona. — Interview  between  the  Emperor  of 
Russia  and  King  of  Prussia  at  Memel. — Turkish  Empire. —  New  Re^ 
public  of  the  Falais.— German  Indemnities. — Russian  Interference,''^ 
Rupture  threatened  respecting  Passau — Plan  accepted — Considerations 
thereon. -^Sweden  and  Denmark.— ^Batavian  Republic, 

WE  shall  now  return,  from  the  means  of  supporting  the  grandeur 
subject  of  Switzerlanil,  to  of  tlie  French  nation,  and  of  guard- 
Contemplate  once  more  the  remain-  ing  its  dominions  ;  nor  did  he  fail 
iDg  projects  of  the  first  consul,  and  to  remind  them,  ihiit  altliough  peace 
to  the  detail  of  die  means  by  which  was  so  recently  concluded,  it  was 
they  were  accomplished.  We  have  {at  from  improbable  but  that  it 
•ecn  that  the  French  nation  had  might  soon  be  violated. 
formally  invested  him  with  the  so-  The  project  for  tliis  new  order 
vereignty,  under  tiie  name  of  first  was  then  read,  tlic  principal  pro-  » 
consul  for  life ;  yet  was  he  not  sa-  visions  of  which  were  as  follow : 
tisfied  with  the  unbounded  power  • '  I'lie  legion  shall  be  divided  into 
^hich  this  appointment  gave  him,  fifteen  cohorts,  which  are  to  be 
until  he  had  hedged  himself,  and  his  stationary  in  different  quarters  of 
fccent  acquirement,  round  witli  a  the  empire.  Each  cohort  shall  con- 
kind  of  order  of  nobility,  whose  sist  of  seven  great  officers,  twenty 
interest  it  should  be  to  support  his  commandants,  thirty  inferior  offi- 
despotism ;  and  a  new  constimtion  ccrs,  and  350  privates.  Kach  great 
which  should,  to  its  utmost  lati-  officer  to  receive  5000  fraoks  per 
tude,  give  it  countenance  and  sane-  annum,  and  during  life  5  each  com- 
tion.  mtuidant  2000  franks,  each  inferior 
llie  appointment  of  a  legion  of  officer  1000  franks,  and  each  pri- 
}ionour  was  now  formally  announc-  vate  250  j  all  for  life. 
cd.  On  the  15th  of  May,  Roederer,  Every  individual  shall  swear,  on 
^ne  of  llic  counsellors  of  state,  pro-  his  admission  to  the  legion,  on  his 
posed  it  to  the  legislative  body,  in  honour,  that  he  will  devote  his  life 
a    florid    harangue,     sa    tiie    best  ar«d  services   to  the  well  being  oC^ 


244  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

the  republic  -,  to  the  preservation  of  nistration  of  their  domains  was  fi* 

its  territorial  indivisibility  -,    to  the  nally  arranged  in  the  most  minute 

defence  of  its  government,  its  laws,  manner 5    repositories  were  appoint- 

and  tlie  property  by  them  conse-  ed  for  the  archives   of  the  order; 

crated  j  to  oppose,  by  all  the  means  the  mode  of  electing  tlie  great  of- 

which  justice,  reason,  and  the  laws  ficers  of  the  order  was  ascertained  j 

authorize,  every  undertaking  which  and  finally,  tliis  decree  wa^^  entered, 

may  tend  to  tlie  restoration  of  the  with  every  usual    ceremonial,  'mib    •' 

ancient  forms  and  government^  of  the  bulletin  of  tlie  laws, 

the  titles  and  privileges  attached  to  On  the  13th  of  July,  citizen  Jo- 

them  J    and  to  exert  his  best  and  seph  Bonaparte  was  declared  elected, 

most  strenuous  etForts  for  the  main-  grand  officer,  and  member  of  the 

tainance  of   the  present   order  of  grand  council  of  administration  of 

things.    All  military  men  who  have  the  legion  of  honour,  he  having  a 

received    honorary    distinctions    of  plurality  of  votes  j  and  thus  was  per- 

arms  from  the  first  consul  are  mem-  manently  organized  a  privileged  or* 

hers  of  the  legion  5  or  who  have  der,  for  the  avowed  purpose  ofpro-*" 

rendered  essential  service  in  the  de-  tecting  absolute   authority   in    the 

fence  of  liberty  in  the  late  war,  ei-  person  of  an  individual,  and  con-  ■ 

tlier  in  the  field  or  in  the  councils ;  firmed  to  him  for  life  3  in  that  veiy 

and  citizens  who,  by  their  abilities,  capital  which  had  witnessed,  but  a 

knowledge,  or  talents,  have  contri-  few  years  before,  the.proscription.of 

buted  to  establish  the  principles  of  its  nobles,  and  the  murder  of  its  so- 

tlie  republic,  or  who  have  been  emi-  vereign,  as  the  sole  means  by  which 

nent  in  the  administration  of  justice,  tliese  distinctions  could  be  for  e^er 

or  who  have  by  tlieir  virtues  caused  abolished ! 

it  to  be  respected,  may  be  nominated  A  constitution  perfectly  conforin* 

candidates.'*  able  to  his  will  was  all  that  now  re- 

On  tlie  12th  of  July  following,  a  mained,  to  be  imposed  by  this  fortu-  -' 
decree  of  the  first  consul,  establish-  nate  usurper,  on  his  abject  and  sub- 
cd  finally  this  singular  establishment,  missive  subjects, 
consisting  of  nearly  6OOO  indivi-  It  was  promulged  on  the  tbiid 
duals,  all  of  whom  were  bound,  by  day  after  the  consulate  was  con- 
solemn  oath  and  their  individual  in-  firmed  to  him  for  life/  was  finstUy 
terest,  to  look  up  to  the  first  consul  determined  and  accepted  in  tbs 
(who  was  declared  dejure  chief  of  course  of  a  single  sitting  of  his  db- 
the  legion,  and  president  of  the  sequious  legislative  body,  and  Wat 
great  council  of  tlie  administration  immediately  proclaimed  to  the  peo- 
of  the  order,)  as  the  soul  and  spring  pie  in  the  usual  form  of  a  senafiia' 
ofall  their  movements  3  for  whose  se-  consultum. 

curity  they  were  distributed,  a  titled  It  consists  of  ten  separate  heads  *j  • 

and  armed  body  of  spies,  throughout  the  substance  of  which  we  shall  aa  ■-" 

the  whole  of  the  empire  3  and  on  briefly   as  possible  lay  before  our 

whose  favour   and  protection  was  readers  ; 

grounded  their  sole  hope  and  de-  *'  The  consuls  are  for  life;  the 

pendence.    By  this  arrcte  the  admi-  first  consul  presents  the  names, of  th^ 


>» 


♦  Vide  <*  State  Papers/ 


'.'I 


\    1 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


245 


other  two  to  the  senate,  who  may 

lejeet  the  1st  and  2d  so  offered  to 

them,   but   the  third  presentation 

must  be  accepred.     The  first  consul 

may  name  his  successor.     Should 

he  however  not  choose,   or  neglect 

so  to  do,   the  2d  or  3d  consuls  no- 

minafe  one  who  may  be  rejected,  as 

above  J  but  the  third  nomination  is 

imperative.      The  succession  must 

be  declared  within  twenty-four  hours 

after  the  death  of  the  first  consul. 

The  first   consul  has   the  right  of 

pardoning  In  all  cases;  of  making 

war  and  peace  j  ratifies  all  treaties  3 

nominates  all  inferior  officers  -,  can 

appoint  forty  members  of  the  senate 

cf  his  own  absolute  autliority,  which, 

when  entire,  consists  but  of  120  5 

prescribes  to  them  the  only  subjects 

they  can  deliberate  upon  j  and  has 

the  power  of  introducing  into  every 

deliberative  body  a  majority  of  his 

own  creatures." 

Thus  aibitrarily  and  absolutely 
were  vested  a  power  in  the  present 
first  consul  and  his  successors,  more 
despotic  tiian  any  European  monarch 
had  ever  dreamed  of  assuming, 
much  less  of  compelling  his  subjects 
to  be  parties  to,  by  solemnly  and 
gravely  declaring,  their  slavery  irre- 
vocably established  by  laws  of  their 
own  making. 

It  would  be  little  worth  while,  to 
comment  further  on  the  other  provi- 
sions of  this  detestable  code,  at  once 
the  mockery  and  punishment  of  tlie 
abject  wretches,  who  preferred  the 
government  of  tliis  unprincipled 
stranger,  to  the  mild  and  beneficent 
sway  of  the  Bourbons. 

Bonaparte  was  now  raised  to  the 
highest  pinnacle  of  fame  and  power, 
and  found  himself  the  absolute 
master  of  tlie  greatest  empire  which 
had  ever  bcL^n  won  by  the  sword  of 
a  soldier  of  fortune ;  not  only  his 


dominion  was  more  absolute,  and 
his  military  name  higher,  than  that 
of  any  sovereign  who  had  before 
filled  the  throne  of  France,  but  his 
empire  was  much  more  extensive, 
and  his  influence  on  the  fate  of  other 
nations  far  greater.  The  colonies 
which  had  been  ceded  by  the  treaty 
of  Amiens  were  quietly  repossessed, 
and  St.  Domingo  for  a  time  appeared 
to  have  yielded  to  his  fortune.  We 
have  seen  that  a  capitulation  was 
agreed  to  by  the  black  generals, 
which  was,  as  it  might  have  been 
supposed,  violated  by  tlie  French 
almost  as  soon  as  it  was  made.  The 
brave  and  unsuspecting  Toussaint 
L'Ouverture,  who  had  defended  St, 
Domingo  from  the  power  of  Eng- 
land during  the  war,  and  who  had 
made  teims  with  the  French,  was,  in 
contempt  of  all  good  faith,  sent  as  a 
prisoner  to  France,  where  he  perish- 
ed miserably  in  a  dungeon :  un- 
heard of  cruelties  were  practised  by 
tlie  French  on  the  negroes,  whom 
they  in  the  least  suspected  as  likely 
to  be  rebelliously  inclined ;  and  to 
give  the  gi*eatest  possible  publicity 
to  their  system,  slavery  in  the  co- 
lonies was  declared  and  proclaimed 
by  a  solemn  act  of  the  French  go- 
vernment, and  entered  in  j;lie  bulletin 
of  the  laws  of  the  republic.  The 
conduct  of  tlie  French  government 
in  tliis  respect  shows  tliat  Toussaint 
was  justifiable  in  offering  all  the  re- 
sistance in  his  power  to  the  French 
army  J  for  it  was  clear  that  the 
French  government  had  formed  the 
atrocious  plan,  of  either  extirpating 
the  ne"^ro  population  of  the  colony 
(haff  a  million  of  people),  or  else  re- 
ducing again  into  slavery  those  men 
who  had  been  for  nearly  ten  years 
free,  and  who  would  consequently 
rather  throw  away  tlieir  li\^es,  than 
again  return  to  the  condition  of 
R  3  ^        slaves. 


246        ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 

slaves.     St.  Domingo,  however,  ap-  the  national  regiments  should  beoom* 

jx-ar<*d  for  a  time  completely  sub-  pletcd  to  their  lull  complement ;  and 

duf-Aj  Toiis-aint,  who  had  Ixren  tlie  tlicy  coroenrcd  to  vote  an  increase 

rival  of  Boiupartr  in  glory,  and  who  of  two  millions   ot   florins  to  thd 

had  hra\'d  his  power,  was  now  his  public   conlributi.ns;    but  on   the 

pri->oi.M' ;  and  h^  hiin-jfrlf  h.id  per-  other  hand  xhty  df-manded  the  fireo 

h:t;js  reachrd  the  very  summit  and  exportation  of  all   Hungarian  pro* 

z^-nith  of  his   pro-jjxirity.      It  was  ductions,  a   better  organization  of 

doubtIe->s  with  a  sort  of  prophetic  the   national    militia,    and    certain 

fcrling,  that   he   exclaimed  in   his  changes  in  tiic  system  respecting  the 

answer  to  his  councils  on  his  reelec-  mouey  of  the  country.     Those  dc- 

tion,  "  flow  many  great  men  have  mands  of  the  diet,  in  answer  to  the 

lived  a  few  years  too  long,  and  sur-  proposals  of  the  emperor,  were  all 

vivcd  their  glory  ?  The  term  of  my  acceded  to  on  the  part  of  his  impe^ 

political  existence  should  have  ceased  rial  majesty ;  and  the  conduct  of  the 

at  the  signing  of  the  general  peace."  diet  in  this  instance  was  a  convinc- 

Having  arrived  at  this  high  emi-  ing  proof  that  there  exists  a  good 

nence,  he  appeared  for  some  short  deal  of  independence  and  freedom,  ■ 

time    (like    the  traveller  who  has  as  well  as  courage,    in  the  Hun« 

attained    the  summit    of   a  steep  gariau  nation.     The  form  and  prin- 

mountain)  to  indulge  himself  with  a  ciple  of  the  demands   of  the  diet 

short   rep^jse :    nor  for   nearly  two  were  exactly  similar  to  the  conduct 

months   did   he   commit   any  out-  of  our  ancient  parliaments,   who, 

rageous  violation  of  the  territories  whenever,  at  the  retjuest  of  the  S9-' 

or  independence  of  his  neighbour  vereign,    they    voted    a    grant    of 

states.     During  this  short  breathing  money,  always  demanded,  on  the 

time,  part  of  the  nation,  redress  of  some 

I'he  affairs  of  other  powers  on  the  existing  grievance.     By  tliis  simple 

continent  became,  if  not  very  inter-  process,  they  arrived  to  be  of  thcnr 

esting,  at  least  deserving  some  obser-  present  importance  in  the  constitu- 

vation.     The  emjK-ror  of  Germany,  tion,  and  have  raised  to  so  high  a 

accompanied  by  the  empress,  jour-  pitch  the  prosperity  of  their  countiy, 

nied  to  Presburgh,  where  tlicy  made  I'he  same  causes  cKewhere,  may  in 

th'ir  solemn  eijtry  on  the   12th  of  time  produce  similar  eflects. 

May.     1'he  following  day  his  im-  Jn   Poland   an    occurrence    took 

pcrial  majesty  opened  the  diet  of  place,  within  this  year,   which,  al* 

Hungary,  witJi  a  I.atin  spetch,  con-  though  it  appeared  only  in  the  form 

tainin^y  the  several  propositions  he  of  riot,   strongly  showed  the  spirit, 

lja<l  to  nj^ke  to  the  Hungarian  na-  which  still  animates  that  brave  but 

tifiU,  for  increasing  the  revenues  and  unfortunate  people.     The   Russian 

the  army     The  diet  of  Hungary  by  prince  Zubofi*,  whom  the  public  opi- 

no  inc4jns  coincided  with  the  views  nion  of  Europe  had  considere4  (be 

and  exf)ectation»  of  his  imperial  ma-  prime  mover,  or  at  least  highly  iii- 

jcsty.  1  heir  answer  to  the  emperor's  strumental,  in  that  plan,  which  ended 

proposition   was,   that,    under    the  in  the  death  of  the  emperor  Paul  and 

pn  sent  circumstances,  they  saw  no  the  accession  of  Alexander,  could  not 

necessity  for  increaVmg  the  army  5  decently  be  permitted  to  reside  at  the 

tliev  would  however  consent  that  Russian  court.     However  necessacf 

^  thf 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.',        247. 

tie  measure  might  have  been,  how-  ently  of  several    other  privileges)  , 

ever  to  the  advantage  of  Russia,  and  were  appointed  licensers  of  all  books  . 

even  the  whole  world,   yet  still  it  whatsoever  in  their  respective  dio-  . 

would  have  been  improper  for  Alex-  ceses  -,  and  no  book  could  be  pub- 

aiider  to  have  received  at  his  court,  lished   in    his    dominions   without 

the  man  who  had  assisted  in  the  mur-  their  license,  or  that  of  their  de- 

der  of  his  fatlier  and  his  sovereign,  putics. 

Zuboff  was  therefore  requested  to        While  the  good  king  of  Etruria  . 

travel,  and  he  chose  Italy  for  the  was  thusengaged  in  his  pious  labours, 

place  of  his  residence.    On  his  way,  Bonaparte  (by  way  of  compliment)  \ 

he  had  intended  to  stop  some  time  sent    him    the  French    Concordat, 

at  Warsaw ;  but  the  people  of  tliat  It  was  natural  fo^  the  first  consul 

city,  although  they  were  obliged  to  to  suppose  that  the   king,   whosa 

lubrait  to  their  conquerors,  woiild  royalty  was  manufactured  by  him-  * 

not  bear  the  sight  of  a  man  whom  self,  would  receive  this  testimonial^ 

they  considered  the  principal  adviser  of  his   regard  and    confidence,  at 

of  the  ruin  of  their  country,  and  of  least,  with  great  respect  5  but  in  the 

the  massacre  of  Praga,  during  the  event  it  appeared  quite  the  reverse  j 

reign  of  the  empress  Catherine.   All  his  majesty  of  Etruria   seemed  to. 

Warsaw  was  in  an  uproar 3  and  the  consider,  that  his  recent  dignity  gave 

government  found.it  necessary  to  him  the  prerogative,  of  givmg  advice 

order  him  instantly  to  quit  that  city,  to  his  brother  potentate  of  France  ; 

which  he  was  obliged  to  do  under  he  accordingly  sent  back  the  copy  of 

the  protection  of  a  strong  guard  of  the  Concordat,  with  a  number  of 

•oldiers,  to  save  him  from  being  torn  marginal  notes  written  in  his  own 

to   pieces   by    the    populace,   who  hand,    and  containing  observ^ations, 

loudly  menaced  him  with  that  fate,  to  which  he  expressed  a  hope  that 

The  afiairs  of  Italy,  in  its  present  Bonaparte  would  conform.     Bona- 

degi'aded  state,   however  incapable  parte  ^swered  him  in  a  way  that 

of  exciting  much  interest,  are  ne-  showed  he  never  would  permit  a^ 

vertheless  worthy  of  some  nctice.  king  of  Etruria,  to  interfere  in  the. 

The  petty  monarch  tliat  Bonaparte,  affairs  of  France,  and  sent  a  copy  of 

cither  in  a  moment  of  vanity,  or  his  majesty's  letter  to  the  archives  of 

in  an  idle  and  sportive  hour,  was  the  minister  of  foreign  affairs,  with 

pleased  to  create    king  of  Etruria,  the  following  pitliy  note  annexed  to 

chose  to  be  more  independent  in  his  it :  "  To  be  preserved  as  a  monument 

follies,  than  his  creator  perhaps  ima-  of  the  folly  of  kings,   when  tliey 

gined.     He  published  a  long  pro-  permit   themselves  to  be  governed 

clamation,  wherein  he  states,  that  by  priests."     The   French  gorern- 

the  first  use  which  he  ought  to  make  ment  gave  the  king  of  Etruria  ano-p 

of  the  power  given  hin;i  from  God^  ther  expressive  hint  on  this  subject. 

Was  tlie  protection  of  religion.     He  The  official  journal,    \he  Moniteur, 

acknowledged  the  pope  asGod's  vicar-  quoted,  without  any  censure  fron^ 

general,  and  referred  to  him  all  spi-  anotlier  paper,  the  following  expres- 

titual  matters  J  he  restored  all  the  sions  :   **  Civilization  has  gonpbackr 

regular  ecclesiastical  orders,  and  de-  ward  in  Tuscany  for  several  cen- 

clared  the  estate  of  the  church  un-  turiesj  the  king  of  Etruria  has  givejij 

tfipnable.     The  bishops  (independ-  himself  up  entirely  to  prie^t^  •  the 

R  4  whob 


248        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


whole  state  has  been  surrendered  to 
the  power  of  the  church  ;  the  pope 
may  now  (as  his  predecessors  have 
done)  depose  the  new  Lewis  at 
pleasure,  if  he  dare  to  swerve  from 
tJie  allegiance  he  has  vowed  to  the 
holy  see ;  and,  that  Tuscany,  which 
was  once  the  cradle  of  the  arts,  is 
likely  to  become  their  tomb,  if  the 
creator  of  the  state,  BONAPARTE, 
docs  not  oppose  it !  Tl.is  was  cer- 
tainly no  insufficient  hint  to  tlie 
kin<jof  Etruriaof  his  insionificancc. 

In  another  slat*-  of  Italy,  long 
celebrated  for  the  wisdom  of  its  ru- 
lers, but  which  was  swept  away  from 
among  the  nations  of  Europe  by  the 
Btorm  of  the  revolutionary  war 
which  Bonaparte  directed  in  Italy, 
the  kiui^  of  Sardinia,  a  man  rather 
born  to  enjoy  the  blessings  of  a  pri- 
vate life  than  to  contend  against 
such  times,  resigned  his  tlirone  to 
hh  brother,  the  duke  D'Aosta. 

The  sacrifice  was  small ,  it  was 
only  that  of  the  title  of  kinpf,  which, 
separated  from  the  revenues,  tlie 
power  and  the  station  was  merely  an 
empty  name,  which  vanity  itself 
would  blush  to  assume.  That 
which  was  the  support  of  the  throne 
of  Sardinia,  the  territory  of  Piedmont, 
Bonaparte  had  possessed  himself  of 
by  the  battle  of  Maiingo,  and  had 
now  declared,  without  further  cere- 
mony, a  military  department  of  tlie 
French  empire;  and  was  conse- 
quently very  indifferent  which  of 
the  brothrrs  chose  to  call  himself 
king  of  Sardinia. 

The  ^ieiioese,  or,  as  it  was  called, 
tlic  Llgurii'n  republic,  accepted  from 
France  a  constitution  similar  to  that 
of  the  Italian  republic;  and  the 
king  of  Naples  pni)lished,  by  a  royal 
edict,  a  general  amnesty  for  all  acts 
done  during  the  revokiiicjn  ;  but  at 
the    same   lime   declared,   that   all 


those  who  at  that  stormy  period  hadf 
distinguished  themselves  by  zeal  for 
the  interests  of  the  crown,  should 
experience  his  special  protection. 

Among  the  transactions  in  Spain, 
of  the  year  1802,  the  most  import- 
ant which  took  place  was  the  public 
declaration  of  a  treaty  with  Russia, 
signed  on  the  ^th  of  October,  tlic 
substance  of  which  was  as  follows  : 

**  There  shall  be  from  this  moment 
peace,  amity,  and  g(X)d  understand- 
ing, between  tlie  king  of  Spain  and 
tlie  emperor  of  all  th6  Russias. 

"To  keep  up  and  cultivate  the  order 
of  tilings  thus  happily  reestablished, 
the  two  courts  shall  appoint,  and 
shall  cause  to  reside  at  the  court  of 
each,  minister?  according  to  the  an« 
cient  custom.  This  nomination  shall 
take  place  mutually  on  the   Ist  of 
January  ]  803 ,  or  sooner  if  possible, 
"  Immediately  after  the  proclama- 
tion of  the  present  act  by  tlie  two 
sovereigns,  there  shall  be  published 
in  their  states  edicts,  by  which,  re- 
voking the  past,  it  shall  be  prescribed 
to   the  respective  subjects,  to  treat 
each  other  as  subjects  gf  two  friend- 
ly  natioils,  and  to  observe,  in  thefa( 
commercial  and  other  relations,  su(# 
a  mode  of  proceeding,  as  is  aualogoUi 
to  that  state  of  peace  and  amity  ia 
which  they  are  reestablished  by  the 
present  compact/* 

Ihe  above  treaty  was  ratified  bjr 
the  king  of  Spain  on  the  5th  of  De- 
cember 1801 3  and  by  the  emperor 
of  Russia  on  the  27th  of  Febnianr 
1802.  The  exchange  of  the  ratifi- 
cation took  place  at  Paris  on  tlie  8th 
of  April  1802. 

A  matter  of  considerable  import- 
ance to  the  future  peace  of  Europe' 
now  took  j)lace,  which  was  tne 
formal  annexation  by  tlie  king  of 
Spain  of  all  the  property  of  the 
knights  ol  Malta  in  his  territories  (2> 

the 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.        i4ff 


the  ro3ral   domains,    and  his   Spa- 
nish majesty  declared  himself  grand 
master  of  that  part  of  the  order 
which  resided  within  his  dominions. 
This  was  a  most  material  change  in 
the  situation  of  the  order  of  St.  John; 
for  it  completely  suppressed  three  of 
those  langues,  of  which  tlie  order  was 
composed,    namfely,  those   of  Ar- 
ragon,  Castile,  and  Navarre.     This 
step,  which  was   doubtless   recom- 
mended or  enforced  by  France,  tlirew 
insuperable  obstacles  in  the  way  of 
the   execution    of    the    treaty    of 
Amiens,  by  reducing  and  almost  de- 
stroying that  order,  to  which  the 
island  of  Malta  was  to  have  been  re- 
stored;   and  the  means  by  which, 
were  it  restored,    it  could    alone 
maintain    and  support   its    dignity 
and  independence. 

Another  act  of  the  government  of 
Spain,  though  of  a  more  private  na- 
ture, was  the  cause  of  very  general 
conversation  and  inquiry  through- 
out Europe.  A  prisoner  of  state, 
whose  face  was  disguised  by  a  mask, 
\i^as  embarked  at  Cadiz  to  be  trans- 
ported from  Spain,  He  was  treated 
•with  distinction,  and  the  circum- 
stance of  his  being  njasked,  reminded 
the  public,  not  only  of  the  celebrated 
iron  mask  of  the  French  Bastile,  but 
of  the  innumerable  stories  which 
•the  writers  of  modern  romances  had 
fabricated  of  prisoners  so  disguised 
in  the  dungeons  of  tyrants.  Curio- 
sity was  busied  in  inquiring,  and 
rumour  in  spreading  reports,  who 
this  masked  prisoner  might  be ;  tlie 
general  opinion,  however,  seemed  to 
iix  on  don  Urquijo,  who  had  re- 
sided a  considerable  time  in  Eng- 
land, in  the  capacity  of  ambassador 
from  Spain.  His  ofl'enc^  was  said  to 
be  an  attempt  to  abridge  the  power 
of  ih&  inquisition',  his  punishment,  to 


be  transported  for  life  to  the  Phi- 
lippine islands  :  many  of  his  friends 
became  also  victims  of  their  zeal  and 
desire  to  improve  the  state  of  Spain 
in  its  agriculture,  and  internal  im- 
provement. If  this  were  all  the 
truth,  this  action  would  be  a  more 
striking  monument  •'  of  the  folly  of 
kings,  nTisled  by  priests,"  than  the 
king  of  Etruria's  commentaries  on 
Bonaparte's  Concordat.  But  it  is 
not  impossible,  or  improbabje,  but 
that  some  revolutionar}'"  principles 
and  movements,  were  the  source  of 
this  exemplary  punishment. 

Their  Spanish  majesties  also,  about 
this  period,  made  a  journey  with 
great  pomp  and  parade  to  Barce- 
lona, where  tliey  received  the  king 
and  queen  of  Etruria,  and  a  princess 
of  Naples,  who  was  betrothed  in 
marriage  to  a  prince  of  Spain. 
This  journey  was  at  first  supposed 
to  portend  events  of  far  more  import- 
ance. A  Spanish  squadron  of  men  of 
war  and  frigates,  were  appointed  to 
convoy  their  majesties  from  Cartha- 
gena  to  Barcelona :  a  Dutch  squadron 
was  at  that  time  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, under  •  admiral  De  Winter, 
and  it  was  rumoured  that  a  consi- 
derable French  squadron  was  pre- 
paring at  Toulon.  It  was  feared  by 
the  British  government  that  it  might 
be  a  project  of  Bonapart6  to  collect, 
under  different  pretences,  a  strong 
fleet  in  the  Mediterranean,  and 
again  attempt  the  conquest  of  Egypt. 
To  counteract  such  designs,  if  they 
were  entertained,  admiral  sir  Ri- 
chard Bickerton  was  reinforced,  and 
placed  in  the  command  of  a  consi- 
derable British  fleet.  The  journey, 
however,  turned  out  only  what  it 
was  professed  to  be  5  a  royal  visit 
to  some  of  the  provinces  which  wer^ 
at  a  distance  from  Madrid,,  and  a 

cere- 


2.50  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1S02. 


ceremonious  and  pompous  recep- 
tion, of  illustrious  strangers  con- 
nected with  the  royal  family. 

Another  royal  interview  took 
place  nearly  at  the  same  time, 
which  gave  rise  to  rumours  of 
Rtill  more  magnitude :  it  took  place 
in  conse(]uence  of  a  visit  paid  by 
the  emperor  of  Russia  to  their 
Piiissian  majesties  at  Memcl,  whi- 
ther the  latter  came  to  receive  their 
imperial  guest.  To  pay  the  pro- 
per honours  to  the  distinguished 
stranger,  two  ti  iumphal  arches  were 
erected,  one  before  tlie  gate  of 
JJclau,  tlie  other  at  tlie  entrance 
of  the  street  in  which  his  imperial 
majesty  was  to  lodge.  On  botli 
was  the  following  Latin  inscription : 
yilcxmidro  ct  Frederico  ff^i/hclmino, 
J)iis  a  Deo  jimct'is,  Civitas.  Two 
obelisks  (which  formed  another 
triumphal  entry)  were  enoted  on 
this  occasion ;  ihey  were  entwined 
With  garlands  of  llowers,  and  bore, 
the  one  the  Russian,  the  other 
the  Prussian  ilag.  The  emperor 
was  received  at  the  first  Prussian 
town  by  general  Kalkreuth,  general 
of  the  cavalry,  with  a  strong  de- 
tachment of  chosen  horse :  on  his 
approach  to  Memel  he  was  met  by 
various  otiier  corps  of  troops  -,  and 
by  tlie  merchants*  guard  of  JVlemel. 
He  wore  the  insignia  of  the  Prus- 
sian order  of  the  black  eagle,  and 
his  Prussian  majesty  those  of  the 
Russian  order  of  St.  Andrew.  The 
king  of  Prussia  met  him  at  half  a 


German  mile  from  the  tox^n  :  they: 
both  alighted  from  their  carriages 
and  embraced  each  other,  Thto. 
emperor  then  mounted  one  of  the 
king's  led  horses,  and  the  two  mo- 
narchs  rode  side  bv  side,  followed 
by  tlieir  respective  suites,  into  the; 
town.  In  passing  the  house  where 
the  king  and  queen  were  lodged, ^ 
the  queen  came  out,  and  welcom- 
ed with  ail  embrace  the  illustrious 
guest.  During  his  residence  there, 
there  was  a  constant  succession  of' 
feasts,  balls,  and  other  entertain- 
ments, and  in  the  mornings,  re- 
views and  otlier  military  exhibi- 
tions. To  contribute  to  the  splendour 
and  novelt)'  of  the  shows,  the  em- 
p(Tor  ordered  a  small  party  x)f  Cos- 
sacks to  come  from  the  next  Russiau 
town  :  they  performed  their  peculiai^ 
mancruvres  with  wonderful  dexte- 
rity. The  emperor's  visit  lasted  for 
about  a  week,  during  which  time* 
the  town  of  Memel  was  a  scene 
of  gaiety,  parade,  and  pleasure.     . 

When  the  power  of  these  two  so* 
vereigns  was  considered,  and  the  pro? 
digious  influence  which,  if  united^ 
they  might  have  on  the  affairs  of  the 
continent  of  Europe,  great  political 
events  were  supjwsed  to  be  the 
object,  and  were  expected  to  result 
from  this  inteniew  j  it  however 
appeared  in  the  event  to  be  merely 
a  visit  of  compliment,  and  the 
politics  of  Euroi)e  seemed  to  flow 
in  their  former  channels  *. 

The  Turkish  empire  appeared  Ik 

this 


♦  There  is  an  anecdote  related,  which  took  place  during  this  visit,  which,  although 
of  no  importance,  as  it  was  judged  worthy  of  notice  in  all  the  foreign  journals,  may  also 
here  be  inserted : — As  the  emperor  and  kine:  of  Prussia  were  walki^ig  on  the  quay  of 
Memel,  they  got  into  conversation  with  an  English  captain  of  a  vessel  then  in  the 
port:  after  the  conversation  had  lasted  some  time,  the  king  told  the  English  captain, 
that  that  was  the  emperor  of  Russia ;  the  captain,  a  good  deal  astonished,  changed  from 
the  familiar  tone  into  a  very  respectful  one.  The  emperor  then  told  him,  This  is 
the  king  of  Prussia.    0 1  your  servant  gentlemen  (said  the  English  captain),  don!t 

thiiik 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE.  251- 

tiiis  year  to  exhibit   the  strongest  dispositions  of  Russia  and  Austria ; 

symptoms  of  approaching  ^issolu-  they  must  now  perceive  tjiat  they 

tion.     Independently  of  Passawan  would  gain   little,    in    relative  im-- 

Oglou,  who  might  be  considered  as  portance,    by   the    dismemberment 

in  a  state  of  permanent  rebellion,  of    Turkey,     and     that  it    would 

and  who  had  a  most  considerable  only  conduce  to  bring  a  strong  power, 

district  under  his  command  and  in-  in  the  place   of  a  weak  one.  upon 

flucnce,  and  even  ventured  to  en-  their  frontiers  :    this   consideration 

croach  on  the  Austrian  territories;  may  probably  support,  for  some  time 

the  whole    country   of  Turkey  in  longer,  the  crazy  and  tottering  edi* . 

Europe  appeared  to  be  completely  fice  of  the  Turkish  government, 

in  the  occupation  of  rebel  pachas  Bonaparte  amused  himself,  about 

and  banditti  of  every   description,  this  time,  with  forming  another  of 

Adrianople,  the  second  city  in  the  what  he  called  indtpendent  republics^ 

empire,  was  in  their  possession,  and  for  tlie  benefit   and    advantage  of 

tiie  roads  leading  to  Constantinople  Europe.    The  small   district  of  the 

were  beset  by  brigands  under  their  Valais,  formerly  dependent  on  tho 

orders.     In  Eg)'pt,    the    beys  had  Helvetic  union,    he  now  resolved 

beaten  tlie  vizier's  army ;  and  there  to  grace    with  the  pompous    title 

appeared  no  stiengtli  or  hardly  vi-  of  the  Valahiaii  Republic  :  after  ma- 

tality  in  the  Turkish  government,  nufacturing  a  pompous  constitution 

This  state  of  imbecility  naturally  at-  for  it,    founded  on  liberty,  equa- 

tracted  the  ambition  of  some  of  the  lity,  the  sovereignty  of  the  people, 

other  sovereigns  of  Europe,  but  tlieir  and  all  those  high  sounding  words 

politics    had    undergone  an  entire  which  are  so  fascinating  to  the  mul- 

change  with  respect  to  that  power.  titude;  he  expressed  in   this  con- 

Formerly   it  was  supposed    thnt  stitution,  the  duties   they  were  to 

Russia  and  Austria  were  the  only  perform    as  tlie  price  of  so  many 

states    who    could    share    in     the  advantages.     These  obligations  were 

dismemberment     of    the    Turkish  neither  more  nor  less,  than  that  at 

empire,     lliis   had  been,   certain-  their   own    expense,  and   by  their 

ly,  the  favourite  object  of  those  two  own  labour,    they  were  to    make 

powers,  and  a  bond   of  union  be-  and  keep  up  good  roads  between 

tween  them :    but  now  Bonaparte  France  and  the  Italian  republic.   It 

had,  on  the  part  of  France,  put  in  is  impossible  to  conceive  a  greater 

his  claim  to  a  share,  which  would  burlesque  on  the  name  of  freedom 

doubtless    be     the    lions  portion:  than  this  was:   by  it  the  peasant! 

he  might  be  content  to  begin  with  and  the  property  of  the  district  of 

Egypt,  Syria,  Greece,  and  the  Ionian  the     Valcds    were   put   into    per- 

islands  3  but  those  points  once  gained,  petual  requisition  to  construct  his 

he  would  certainly  contend  for  the  military  roads  -,  and  when  he  had 

whole.   This  new  claim  of  France  turned  the   people  of  the  country 

to  her  share  of  the  spoil  has  .  doubt-  into  pioneers  for  his  army,  he  then 

less  altered   very    considerably  the  told  them  they  were  an  indepen- 

think  that  you  can  dupe  m:  in  that  way  ;  Mr.  Emperor  and  Mr.  King,  I  wish 
you  a  very  s^ood  morning.  An  1  he  immediately  turned  off,  a^oaced  aji4  disgusted  at 
^he  supposed  mockery. 

deal 


252        ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802. 


dent  republic,  and  that  their  inde- 
pendence was  guarantied  by  France, 
Htlvclia,  and  the  Italian  republic. 

Europe    had  now  enjoyed  peace 
for  a  lew  months  since  the  treaty 
of  Amiens,   but  the    elements   of 
fresh      Avar       had      rekinded      in 
Switzerland.    We  have  seen    that 
the  smaller  cantons   decidedly  re- 
jected   the   constitution  offered  by 
France  5  and  in  Germany,  the  ques- 
tion of  indemnities  agitated  violent- 
ly  the  whole  empire.     France  had, 
however,  the     address   to    convert 
the   pacific  dispositions  of  the  em- 
peroi*  of  Russia,  into  a  most  power- 
ful instrument  for  dictating  to  the 
German  empire.     The  plan  of  in- 
demnities was  drawn  up  in  concert 
between  the   Russian    and  French 
ministers,    and    then    presented  to 
the    empire  with  a    force  of  me- 
diation   which     appeared    irresisti- 
ble.   Austria  with  great  reluctance 
submitted   to  this  coercive  interfe- 
rence :  she  had  lost  far  more  in  the 
war  than  any  otlier  power,  and    it 
was  her  rivals  or  enemies  who  ob- 
tained the  greatest  indemnification. 
Prussia  had  no  moderation  or  de- 
cency, in  demanding  compensation 
for  losses  she  alleged  to  have  sus- 
tained.    The  power  most  favour- 
ed,   however,    in  the  indemnities 
"was  Bavaria  ;    that  state  had  cer- 
tainly lost  much  in  the  Palatinate, 
but  the  indemnities  allotted  to  it  in 
tiie  empire   contained  a  population 
of    nearly     1,000,000      of    soul«, 
which  was  a  v/onderful  accession  of 
power  to    his    electoral    highness. 
Ihe    grand  duke  of  Tuscany,    on 
the  other  hand,  who  had  lost  con- 
siderably more,   and  was   promised 
to  be  fully  compensated,  had  very 
inadequate     indemnities      assigned 
him.  Tliis  evident  paitiality,  in   fa- 
1 


vour  of  those  powers  which  France 
might  expect,  to  make  use  of  in 
future  wars    against    the    empire, 
was  necessarily    very    revolting   to 
the   feelings  of  the  emperor.     He 
was  obliged  however  finally  to  sub- 
mit,   but  he  submitted  with  dig- 
nity, and  with  such  reluctance,  that 
the  mediating  powers  consented  to 
enlarge  tlie  indemnities  to  his  bro- 
ther the  late  great  duke  of  Tuscany. 
At  one  period,  however,  daring 
this  long  negotiation,  it  appeared  as 
if  war  would  have  recomnicnccd* 
The  elector  of  Bavaria,  who  act- 
ed as  the  tool   of  France,   endea- 
voured to  seize,  by  force   of  arms, 
the  city  of  Passau,  which  was  as- 
signed  to  him  among  his  indem- 
nities:     tlie      emperor,     however, 
marched  an  army  into  it  first,  and 
threatened  to  oppose  force  by  force.  . 
The  mediating  powers  took   fire  at 
this  decided  conduct  in  Austria,  but 
the  emperor  replied  with  firmness, 
that  when  the  negotiation    should 
be  terminated,  and  had  decided  t6 
whom  the   city  of  Passau  was  ta 
belong,  he  was   ready   to  yield  i1^ 
but  not  before.     When  it  is  con- 
sidered that,    upon    this  occasion, 
France,  Russia,  Prussia,  and  Bavaria, 
were  all  leagued  against  the  inte- 
rests   of   Austria,    it    will    appear 
surprising  that  the  emperor  should 
have  acted  with  so  much  boldness  ; 
but,  be  that  as  it  may,   he  certainljr 
conducted    himself  '  with   a  'great 
deal  of  firmness  and  resolution,  and 
gained,  if  not  much   territory,   at 
least,  that  esteem  and  respect  which 
is  always  paid  to  those,  who  con- 
duct themselves  with  dignity  and 
spirit,  under  very  difficult  circum"*  - 
stances.    His  brotlier's  indemnities 
were  however  somewhat  increased^ 
and  with  this  modification  he  was 

oUi^od 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


2.W 


•bilged  to  accept  the  plans  offered 
bj  the  mediating  powers . 

The  grand  duke  of  Tuscany  was 
to  obtain  the  territory  of  Salzburgh, 
with  the  rank  of  elector  :  this  was 
a  very  poor  compensation  for  what 
he  had  lost,  but  it  gave  him  title 
to  look  to  the  Jiand  of  the  only 
daughter  and  heiress  of  the  elector 
of  Saxony,  and  thus  by  a  prudent 
marriage  to  retrieve  his  fortunes, 
and  perhaps  to  be  again  a  consider- 
able prince  in  the  alliance  of  Austria. 

Far  different,  however,  was  the 
fiite  of  those  powers  whom  it  was 
the  interest  of  France  to  raise,  at 
the  expense  of  the  house  of  Austria, 
or  whom  she  wished  to  aggrandize 
as  the  means  of  conciliating  the 
friendship  of  Russia.  The  houses  of 
Baden  and  Wirtemburgh,  who  had 
successively  given  empresses  to 
that  nation,  were  raised  to  the 
electoral  dignity,  and  received  more 
than  a  tenfold  compensation  for 
their  losses.  The  princes  of  Hesse 
Cassel  and  Darmstadt  were  equally 
favoured.  Bavaria  and  Prussia,  who 
had  deserted  the  emperor  and  the 
common  cause  of  Europe,  now  re- 
ceived their  reward,  and  united  in 
aharing  the  plunder  of  the  vast  se- 
cularized estates  of  the  church,  and 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  free  and  im- 
perial cities  in  Germany.  Every 
petty  prince,  who  would  condescend 
to  supplicate  the  protection  and 
patronage  of  the  first  consul,  was 
repaid  by  some  share  in  the  spoil 
of  the  empire  j  while  the  prince  of 
Orange,  the  elector  of  Hanover,  and 
the  lesser  branches  of  the  house  of 
Nassau,  saw  themselves  stripped, 
without  ceremony,  of  their  most  im- 
portant possessions,  widiout  receiving 
atenth  of  their  value  in  compensation. 


But  the  great  objects  of  the  first 
consul,  in  this  system  of  universal 
spoliation,  was  the  aggrandizement 
of  Prussia ;  tlie  reduction  of  the 
house  of  Austria  j  the  gratifying  the 
views  of  the  princes  who  had  second- 
ed the  views  of  France;  and,  finally, 
by  the  allurement  of  the  plunder  of 
the  Empire,  to  secure  the  depend- 
ence of  all  the  lesser  states  ot 
Germany,  upon  the  will  and  protec- 
tio^  of  the  French  nation.  That 
these  consequences  must  result  frc«n 
the  total  change  in  the  territorial 
and  political  alterations  which  have 
been  produced  by  tliis  system  of  in- 
demnities, no  person  can  doubt,  'who 
considers  attentively  the  conclustim 
upon  tliis  subject  *,  and  it  will  only 
be  necessary  here  to  recapitulate  its 
leading  principles,  unquestionably 
to  establish  these  propositions. 

First,  the  compensations  given 
to  Prussia,  for  his  voluntary  sur- 
render of  his  detached  and  unim- 
portant possessions  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  were  six  times  greater, 
both  in  point  of  revenue  and  popu- 
lation, and  infinitely  superior  in 
geographical  advantage,  to  his  losses. 
By  this  new  disposition  of  his  states, 
the  king  of  Pmssia  almost  entirely 
suiTOunds,  and  of  course  commands, 
the  territories  of  tlie  elector  of  Sax- 
ony. He  unites  with  Bavaria  in 
dividing^Franconia  and  Upper  Sua- 
bia,  and  thus,  with  the  ancient  and 
inveterate  enemy  of  Austria,  he  lays 
open  the  whole  of  the  frontier  of 
that  power  in  Bohemia,  Upper 
Austria,  the  Tyrolese,  and  the 
Voralberg ;  from  Egra  to  the  lake  of 
Constance,  The  country  of  Hesse 
Cassel,  as  in  the  case  of  Saxony, 
is  nearly  surrounded  by  the  new 
possessions  of  Prussia^  and  conse*^ 


»  Vide  "  State  Papers*' 


•r 


^oentlj 


254  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  ISOa 


quently  withiu  the  power  of  that 
state:  nor  arc  the  possessions  of 
the  houses  of  Hanover  and  Bruns- 
wick, free  from  the  danger  of  his 
future  eucroachments  j  the  bishop- 
ric of  Hildesheim,  which  he  has 
acquired,  being  in  the  centre  of 
these  countries,  and  barely  a  day's 
march  from  the  capitals  of  both ; 
and  his  new  frontier  stretches  it- 
self  round  the  dominions  of  both 
those  princes,  which  he  thus  can, 
from  within  and  without,  keep  in 
complete  subjection,  and  treat,  when 
iie  pleases,  as  a  conquered  country. 
Westphalia  is  nearly  a  Prussian  pro- 
vince; Swedish  Pomerania,  and 
Mecklenburgh,  are  hemmed  in  by 
his  states,  out  of  the  reach  of 
all  succour  and  protection,  and  must 
of  necessity  take  whatever  part  in 
any  future  contest  Prussia  may 
choose  to  impose  upon  them.  ITius, 
with  the  exception  of  Baden  and 
Wirtemburgh,  the  states  of  Ger- 
many, from  fear  or  interest,  must 
all  be  dependent  on  tl:e  court  of 
Berlin,  and  consequently  united 
with  it  against  thie  interests  of  the 
present  imperial  house  of  Austria. 

And  tliis  statement  goes  a  consi- 
derable way  towards  the  proof  of 
the  second  proposition,  namely, 
the  depression  of  Austria  by  the 
•ystem  of  the  indemnities;  for  it 
is  self-evident  that  the  aggran- 
disement of  arrival  power  must, 
independently  of  any  other  circum- 
stance, produce  tliat  etlect.  Lut 
France  was  not  contented  with  this 
manifestation  of  her  hostile  views. 
Ilie  alterations  she  imposed  upon 
the  constitutioit  of  the  Germanic 
body,  struck  not  only  at  the  power 
of  the  house  of  Austria,  but  at  the 
very  source  of  its  imperial  preemi- 
nence. The  secularization  of  the 
ecclesiastical  electorates  -,  of  the  hi* 


shoprics  and  prelacies;  and  ihcTiff* 
uihiiatlon  of  the  indepcDdeaoe  of 
the  inipenal    towns  and   seoalei^ 
matenally  affected  the  imperial  anh 
thority.     From  the  dectoral  ooQqjji^ 
and  from  that  of  princes^  in  one  o^ 
other  of  which  the  votes  of  tfaci* 
powers   were  of  ri^t  given«  thcT 
were    now    excluded;    those  sO^  '] 
frages  were  usually  given  in  oo^ 
currenoe  with  the  private  vote  it 
the  emperor,  as  coestate,  and  se- 
cured to  him  that  neoessaiy  pn- 
ponderancy  in  these  oonndls^  so  cs« 
sential  to  his  jurisdiction  as  cfakf 
of  the  empire  :     he  in  return  was 
their  natuial  and  constant  proiedor* 
against  the  tyranny  and  encroadH 
ments  of  the  lesser  states,  vibo  d- 
wzys  looked  with  a  greedy  cje  vf» 
on  the  domains  of  the  churchy  aoA 
the  independent  territoiy  of  the  il|^ 
periai  cities.    This  bond  of  nmott 
was  now  annihilated ;  and  tfans  lUi 
great  source  of  consequence  to  Ibft  ! 
emperor  was  for  ever  cut  off: 
was  this  all,  tor  by  the  pvop 
plan  of  imdenmities,  not  only  liii 
lawful    influence  was  lost  to  Ite' 
head  of  the  empire,  bnt  dcvolvcjr '■] 
with  their  dommns  and 
their  ci\il,  militaiy,  and  pc^tiod  ( 
blishments  and  consequence^  xspgtb^ 
princes,  whose  views  were  dii€cd|f  !^ 
inimical  to  his  interests,  and  wlioill'^ 
jealous  regard  he  was  henoeferwvd 
to  experience. 

But  in  the  measure  dfrnmiag 
the  electoral  dignity,  the 
of  Baden,  the  duke  of  Wii 
and  the  lanc^rave  of  Hesse' 
(all  protestant  princes),  there 
be    no    doubt  of    the 
view  of  the  framers  of 
indemnities,  of  depriving  the 
of  Austria  of  the  imperial 
The  natural  weight  of  the  Ai 
family  iu  the  electoral 


pbn 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE. 


255 


derived  from  its  own  vote  of  Bohe- 
mia; from  that  of  Hanover,  which 
was  pledged  at  the  time  of  its  being 
raised   to   that    dignity,    always  to 
Vote  for  Austria  5  and  those  of  the 
spiritual   electors,    Mentz,    Triers, 
and    Cologne.      The     latter    were 
ijow  abolished,  and   in   their  stead 
one   catholic   electorate  alone   was 
established,  who  was  to  be  styled 
the     elector     of     AschafFenbourg, 
and  was  in  future  to  exercise  the 
office    of    arch-chiincelior    of   the 
empire.     Some  abbeys,  and  the  ci- 
ties of  Wetzlar  and  Ratisbon,  were 
assigned  to  him  in  order  to  sup- 
port his  newly  acquired  dignity.     It 
is  not  difficult  to  foresee  that  an 
elector  without  an  electorate,  whose 
principal  possessions  are  300  miles 
from  each  other,  the  one  shut   up 
in   Bavaria,    the    oilier   in   Hesse, 
cannot  on  any  future  occasion  pre- 
tend to   independency,  and  whose 
vote  must,   from  the  circmnstances 
we  have  already  stated,  at  any  fu- 
ture election,  be  at  the  disposal  of 
Prussia.     Thus  the  protestant  elec- 
torates of  Saxony,   JBrandenburgh, 
Baden,  Wirtemburgh,  Hesse  Cassel, 
and  the  catholic  of  Bavaria,  (always 
inimical  to  Austria,  perhaps  a  can- 
didate,) and  Aschaffenbourg,  would 
have  a  clear   and  decided  majority 
against   tlie   Austrian    pretensions, 
(supported  only  by  Bohemia,  Ha- 
nnover,   and    the    grand    duke    of 
Tuscany,)  in  case  of  future  con- 
test for  the  throne  of  the  Caesars. 
How.  precarious  under  ihe^e  circum- 
stances will   be    the  possession  of 
.  the  imperial  dignity  in  the  present 
iaamly,  it  is  easy  to  foresee. 

Thirdly,  it  is  apparent  that  the 
'Connection  of  Baden  and  Wirtem- 
burgh with  Russia  was  the  source 
of  the  immense  advantages  which 
were  heaped  pn  these  princes  by 
Ac  indemnities,  and   were   doubt- 


less meant  as  the  price  to  that 
power  of  her  acquiescence  and  even 
cooperation  in  this  new  division  of 
Germany  3  while  the  liberality  to 
Hesse  Cassel  and  Darmstadt,  and 
the  other  princes  who  were  fevour- 
cd  in  this  partition,  arose  in  the 
anxious  wish  of  Bonapart6  (as  lias 
indeed  been  expressed  by  his  mi- 
nister Talleyrand)  to  gratify  those 
princes  who,  by  their  conduct  to- 
wards France  during  the  war^ 
were  entitled  to  her  gratitude. 

Nor,  lastly,  is  it  more  difficult 
to  prove,  that  by  the  capricious  and 
unjust  distribution  of  the  territory 
of  the  German  empire  5    the  sup-* 
pression  of  the  highest  dignities  j 
tlie  creation  of  others  3  the  haughty 
and    arbitrary    tone    assumed    by 
France  on  all  occasions  3  that  it  was 
constantly  the  object  of   the  first 
consul,  to  cause  himself  to  be  con- 
sidered, the  arbiter  of  the  destinies 
of  thestates  of  Europe,  whose  decision 
was  final  upon  their  rights,  and  firom 
whose  decrees  there  was  no  appeal. 
We  shall  here  dismiss  the  pain- 
ful subject  of  the   indemnities,    a 
measure  as  unjustifiable  in  its  prin- 
ciple as  it  was  arbitrary  in  its  ope« 
ration  :    imposed  by  France  5  coun- 
tenanced by  Russia  3  the  source  of 
immense  acquisition  to  Prussia  3  and 
ruinous  in  its  consequences  to  Aus- 
tria,   perhaps,  to  the    liberties  of 
Europe,  it  will  long  remain  a  mo- 
nument of  the  bale&l  effiects  of  the 
all-devouring,    insatiable,    and   de- 
structive French  revolution. 

The  minute  details  will  he  found 
in  our  State  Papers  of  this  flagrant 
violation  of  the  most  venerable  insti- 
tutions of  which  Europe  could  boast ; 
which  has  changed  the  face  of  a 
great  portion  of  the  continent  ;  and 
which  tlireatens  yet  more  fatal  con- 
sequences, from  the  events  which  it 
must  inevitably  produce.     One  i'c- 

Atctmr, 


256         ANNUAL     REGISTER,   iSOSf. 


flection,  however,  forces  itself  upon  It  must  not  however 

tu,  which  is,  that  in  all  this  compll*  over  in'  silence,  that  the  kmg  oif 

cated  system  of  indemnity ;  after  wit-  Sweden,  as  a  prince  of  the  GermaiS 

neshing  the  ostentatious  coinpensa-  empire,  entered  a  deified  and  9^-^ 

tions  to  some  powers  who  lost  no*  riled  protest  against  the  pnncipicy 

thing,   and   tenfold    retribution    to  of  foreign  interference,  in  the  alffiiim 

others  who  wilfully  sacriliced  tri£es  of  Germany,  in  the  matter  of  t^^ 

that  they  might  acquire  objects  of  indemnities ;    and  which  was  enh* ' 

the    utmost    magnitude,    it   seems  dendy  pointed  at  BcHiapart^'s   is* 

strange,  that  no  one  word  of  in-  temperate    and    unjnstinahle   pK»*  "* 

demuification  has  been  heard  of,  to  ceedings. 

the  emj^eror,  for  the  Netherlands ;  This  conduct,  however  frnitfcu^ 

to  the  king  of  Sardinia,  for  Savoy  was  highly  honourable  to  his  Swe^ 

and  Piedmont )  to  the  pope,  for  a  dish  majesty,  and  might  have  affind-* 

third  part  of  his  estates  -,    to   the  ed  a  better  models  than   he  cb 

king  of    Spain,  for   Louisiana  and  to  follow^  to  his  powerfiil  iieij 

Hispaniola ;  and,  finally,  to  llie  king  hour. 

of  France,  for  the  loss  of  the  most  Overrun  by  Froich  ^troopiy 

noble,  the  most  ancient,  and  most  rassed  and   depressed  by  militaflEJI 

powerful  monarchy  in   the  world,  exaction,  and  in   every  thina^  b^BP' 

Is  not  the  silence  on  these  subjects  the   name  a  province   of  ragidSnBl 

8u£5cient  to  prove,  that  *'  indem-  the  united  provinces^  or iDai:iea{aB^ 

Bity,"  like  *'  liberty  and  equality,"  ably  to  the    modem  pditiad  <i 

"  rights  of   man,"    *'  freedom  of  menclature,  the  Batavian 

the  sea,"  is  a  mere  term  of  revolu-  presents  this  year  a  dreary 

tionary  cant,  and  has  no  meaning  interesting  spectacle;   Ibme 

lave'that,   which  the  ambition  or  fica tions  of   their  coaDciIs]» 

cupidity  of  France  chooses  to  be-  commercial    arrangements^  and 

.stow  upon  it.  pretended  conspiracy  in  thdr 

The    accession    of  Sweden  and  foniented,   as  it  was  jaid^  by 
Denmai'k  jto  the  convention  of  the  nerals  Daendals   and  ~ 
emperor  of  Russia  with  Great  Bri-  are  the  only  events  whith  are 
tain  has  already  been  noticed,  and  thy  of  secord,  and  these  ooce 
forms  the  only  prominent  feature  tioncd  may,   for  the  interest 
of  the  history  of  those  countries  for  can  excite,  be  dismissed  ■  for ' 
the  present  year.  Happily  removed.  Whether  Bonapart6  didnotjtfaUlll 
by  their  geographical  position,  froju  it  tlie  moment  fittii^  for  the 
the  power  and  interference  of  Bo-  annexation  of  this  wretched 
xjaparte,    they  enjoy  uiiinteniipted  to  his  empire,  or  whether  he  th< 
prosperity:  their  religious  and  po-  he  could  make  more  of  it  in  iJie-i 
litical  institutions  uninvaded  3    the  of  that  contribution,  which  he- 
race  of  their  ancient  sovereigns'  at  not  exact,  were  it  arrived  to  tb« 
their  head ;  jhtir   agriculture  and  nour  of  being  a  French  provii 
commerce  increasing  5  they  form  a  it  is  difficult  to  determine  z 
striking  contrast  to  the  picture  we  it  is,  the  alternative  was  witbiii' 
have  drawn,  of  tliose  countries,  who  will,  and  that  at  the  close  of 
have  this  year  sunk  under  the  ru-  year   1802  it  was  still  styled 
inous  and  (when  once  set  in  mo-  Batavian  RepubliCr 
tion)  irresistible  spirit  of  innovation. 


>v 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


257 


CHAP.     XX. 


irkish  Colonies. — Sierra  Leon  a — Institution  of  the  Company — Introduce 
tion  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Negroes — their  ill  Conduct,  and  fatal  Conse-^ 
guences— captured  ly  the  French — growing  Prosperity — State  in  1798— 
Maroons  introduced — Rebellion  rf  the  Nova  Scotia  Settlers — assisted  by 
the  Natives — Conflict  and  Truce — probable  Consequences. — Insurrection 
(if  the  Negroes  in  Tobago — suppressed. — Revolt  of  the  Black  Troops  in 
Dominica — complete  Discomfiture  of  the  Iicvolters,^^Jamaica^*Mes-> 
sage  of  the  Governor  to  the  House  of  Assembly,  praying  an  Esta^ 
llishment  of  5000  men — refused — Reasons  assigncd-^further  Disputes. 
"-^America — Message  fom  the  President  to  Congress — Reduction  of 
the  Taxes. — Effect  of  the  Peace  on  the  Commerce  of  the  States,  and 
tf  the  Cession  of  Louisiana  to  France, — Negotiations  at  Paris -^fruit- 
less. — Depot  at  New  Orleans  interdicted  by  Spain,'^Resentmtnt  <f  the 
American  Nation  ^probable  Consequences, 


THE  British  possessions  out  of 
Europe,  next  claim  our  atten- 
tion ;  generally  speaking,  prosperous, 
tod  unaltered  by  any  circumstance 
which  occurred  in  the  course  of  the 
preceding  year,  tliey  afford  (witji 
the  exceptions  of  those  in  Asia)  very 
little  to  interest  the  reader.  It  may, 
however,  be  wortli  while  to  notice 
the  disastrous  state  of  the  colony, 
established  on  tlie  coast  of  Africa, 
for  the  express  purpose  of  intro- 
ducing civiiizatipn  into  that  bar- 
barous quarter  of  the  globe,  and  to 
diminish,  if  not  totally  abolish,  the 
slave  trade.  The  scheme  was  set 
bn  foot  tlie  year  before  tlie  com- 
iBencenient  of  the  late  war.  A  so- 
ciety was  established,  called  the 
Sierra  Leone  Company,  and  was 
formally  chartered.  A  capital  (on 
shares  of  50/.  each)  of  2'60,o6ol. 
Was  raised  j  and  a  factory  actually 
established  on  tlie  coast,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  carrying  on  trade  with  the 
interior  of  Africa,  for  tiie  produce  of 
the  country. 
Vox..  XLIV. 


In  the  commencement  of  this 
establishment,  sufficient  grounds  for 
its  attaining  the  ends  of  the  institu- 
tion, appeared  to  the  persons  con- 
cerned in  it,  and  little  doubt  was 
entertained  of  its  turning  out,  at  least 
in  a  commercial  point  of  view,  ar 
profitable  speculation.  But  the  in- 
troduction into  the  population  of  the 
settlement  of  a  body  of  Nova  Scotia 
negroes,  in  number  about  1200,  who 
had  taken  part  with  Great  Britain  in 
the  American  war,  and  had  since 
been  settled  in  Nova  Scotia  under 
the  piX)tection  of  government,  mate- 
rially altered  the  face  of  afTairs.  These 
men  ,had  supplicated  a  removal  from 
that  country,  in  consequence  of  the 
chmate  proving  ungenial  and  dis- 
agreeable to  tliem.  From  the  mo- 
ment, liowever,  of  their  arrival  ir\ 
the  new  colony,  they  manifested  a 
ferocious  and  intractable  spirit,  to- 
tal!)-subversive  of  order,  and  of  the 
piu-poses  for  which  it  was  established. 
On  one  occasion,  even  the  lire  of 
the  governor,  wai  attempted,  which, 
S  thougb 


258         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802, 


tliough  ik'feated  and  punished  with 
exemplary  severity,  did  not  correct 
the  spirit  of  revolt,  which  still  ex- 
isted, and  threatened  the  entire  over- 
tlirow  of  the  establishment.  In  the 
year  17<)4,  a  French  squadron  in 
the  month  of  October  attacked  and 
c-aptured  the  scUlemerit ;  all  tlie 
property  which  could  be  removed 
was  carried  off  by  the  rapacious  as- 
sailants :  what  couid  not  be  removed 
was  destroyed,  and  every  building 
belonging  to  the  company  was  burn- 
ed ;  nor  could  the  loss  there  sustain- 
ed be  estimated  at  less  than  52,0CX)/. 
In  addition  to  tliese  heavy  calami- 
.  ties }  the  capture  of  their  ships  in 
C(msequence  of  the  war;  the  impos- 
sibility of  insuring  cargoes  on  ac- 
count of  the  unprotected  state  of  the 
coast  of  Africa;  the  difficulty  of 
procuring  P^luropcans  to  undertake 
official  situations  at  Sierra  Leone ; 
tlie  expense  of  arming  vessels  for 
the  protection  of  the  trade  ;  and  tlie 
apprehension  of  die  turbulent  spirit 
of  the  Nova  Scotian  negroes,  con- 
tributed to  retard  tlie  prosperity,  and 
defeat  the  ends  of  the  institution. 

Notwithstanding  all   these  diffi- 
culties, about  the  year  1798,  there- 
port  made  to  the    company  states 
the  colony  to  be  in  a  state  of  consi- 
derable and    progressive   improve- 
ment.    The  seat    of    govenuuent, 
Freetown,  consisted  of  300  houses, 
well   built,  and  regularly  laid  out, 
and   had   several   public  buildings. 
One  extensive  wharf  had  been  built 
by  government,  and  two  by  indivi- 
duals:   and  the  government  house 
■was  strong,  and  well  secured  by  a 
pallisadc  and  six  pieces  of  cannon. 
I'he  inhabitants  were  about  J  200. 
The  heads  of  f.imilies,  ptThaps  300. 
One  half  of  this  number  were  sap- 
ported  by  agriculture  ;    some  were 
ariigans,   about  fifteen  retail  shop- 


keepers, five  and  twenty  fishermctt^ 
from  ten  to  fifteen  traded  in  small 
vessels  of  Uieir  own,  four  were  em- 
ployed as  school-masters  about  fif- 
teen seamen,  and  twenty  labourers, 
under  the  company.  Some  few  of 
the  Nova  Scotians  resided  in  the  fac- 
tory, and'  the  nomber  of  Kuropeani 
residing  in  the  colony  was  between 
twenty  and  thirty.  An  unequivocal 
proof  of  the  advantages  which  might 
be  derived  from  the  establishment 
appeared  in  the  amelioration  of  the 
condition  of  the  natives  immediately 
connected  with  tlie  settlement :  be- 
tween 3  and  400  of  these  were  em- 
ployed as  labourers  for  hire,  chiefly 
on  the  farms,  which  were  increasing 
rapidly ;  some  were  employed  by  the 
Europeans,  and  some  by  the  No(\'a 
Scotians.  They  were  all  free  men, 
who  came  from  the  neighbouring- 
parts,  and  were  called  €rrumettas* 
'I'hey  received  monthly  wages,  the 
whole  of  which  was  their  own.  It 
w^as  usual  w^ith  them,  after  working 
five  or  six  months,  to  return  home 
for  a  short  period  f  but  their  plac& 
was  supplitxl,  and  tlie  abo\e  number 
kept  up,  by  fresh  arrivals.  The  Gra- 
mettas  were  much  improved  by  their 
connection  with  the  factory  j  not 
only  was  their  dress  improved  j  their 
manners  more  civilized  j  but  the 
money  wdiich  they  earned  was  never 
employed  in  the  purchace  of  spirits, 
as  is  cust(;mary  both  with  the  Afri- 
cans and  settlers,  but  employed  in 
purchasing  clothing  or  articles  of 
European  produce. 

Freetown  was  at  tliis  period  n 
place  of  considerable  resort;  irora 
one  to  two  hundred  natives  daily 
visited  this  settlement  for  die  purpose 
of  exchanging  the  produce  of  the 
countiy  for  European  commodities. 
Considerable  influence  was  gained 
with  the  natives?,  and  many  of"  their 

vhildrsa 


^ 


HISTORY     Ot     EUROPE. 


259 


children  were  sent  to  the  settlement 
for  education. 

Shortly  after  this  period,  govern- 
Jnent  applied  to  the  company  to  take 
^e  Maroon  negroes  (now  expelled 
from  Jamaica,  and  equally  feeling 
the  unkind  influence  of  P'i ova  Scotid 
with  the  negroes  who  had  already 
'()etitioned  to  be  remored  from  thence 
to  a  warmer, climate)  tinder  their 
protection..  To  this,  from  various 
motives,  it  agreed,  and  the  Maroons 
arrived  at  Sierra  Leone  in  the  month 
of  October  1800,  to  the  numlxfr  of 
S56,  They  were  almost  immediately 
Employed  in  quelling  an  insurrection 
6f  the  Nova  Scotian  settlers,  who 
had  now  broken  out  into  open  re- 
bellion. Several  of  the  insurgents 
•were  killed  in  tliJs  conflict 3  many 
wfere  tn^de  prisoners ;  three  were 
fexeciited  by  miartial  law,  and  some 
Iverc  banished.  From  this  circum- 
stance arosd  the  most  serious  cala- 
mity tliat  had  yet  bef^iUen  the  co- 
lony, and  which  threatens  its  total 
and  inevitable  distruction.  The  na- 
tives, who  had  hitherto  been  on  the 
'  most  friendly  terms  with  the  settlers, 
instigated  by  the  refugee  and  banish- 
fcd  negroes,  on  the  18th  of  Novem- 
ber, (headed  by  two  of  the  insur- 
gents, who  had  made  tlieJr  escape 
after  the  insurrection  of  the  former 
tear,)  made  a  rtiost  furiotls  and  un- 
provoked assault,  upon  the  unfinish- 
ed fort  which  the  governor  had 
tliought  it  advisable  to  construct 
around  his  house.  x\fter  some  loss  of 
men  sustained  on  both  sides,  the  na- 
tives, who  are  the  Timmanies,  were 
tepulsed,  and  were  forced  successively 
to  abandon  various  commanding  si- 
tuations, where  they  had  assembled 
in  the  neighbourliood  of  Freetown. 
Towards  the  conclusion  of  the  year 
a  truce  was  concluded,  and  no  fur- 
ther ho«tili  lies- took  place ;  but  serious 


apprehensions  were  entertained  that 
a  confederacy  was  forming,  among 
the  neighbouring  chiefs,  against  the 
settlement,  and  which  would  most 
probably  occdsion,-  in  the  event,  the 
ahandonment  of  the  institution .  To 
avert  as  much  as  possible,  tlie  im- 
pending evils,  a  detachment  from 
Goree  was  applied  for  and  obtained,- 
and  one  of  the  king's  ships  was  sta- 
tioned in  Sierra  Leone  river,  for  the 
express  purpose  of  defending  tlie  co- 
lony. No  VGvy  immediate  danger 
was  apprehended  ;  but  the  necessity 
of  a  large  European  force  and  a 
strong  fort,  was  deemcld  indispen- 
sably requisite  for  its  protection. 
The  sum  which  parliament  hud 
twice  voted  for  the  support  of  the 
establisiiment,  was  far  from  being 
adequate  to  the  annual  expense,  in- 
curred by  its  civil  and  military  esta- 
blisliments.  The  capital  of  the  ori-^ 
ginal  proprietors  was  quite  exhaust* 
ed,  and  the  shares  of  50/.  per  cent, 
were  sunk  as  low  as  5/.  5  indeed 
were  woi'th  nothing. 

With  this  reverse  of  fortune  did 
the  year  1801  close  upon  this  co- 
lony of  philanthrophical  experiment; 
nor  have  the  events  which  have  oc- 
curred, witliin  the  present,  tended 
to  increase  the  confidence  of  those, 
who  then  began  to  despair  of  its 
final  success. 

On  the  1 1th  of  April,  the  natives^^i* 
in  force  about  300,  attacked  with 
the  unmost  furj-  the  gov.ermnent 
fort,  just  after  morning  gun  had 
fired.  They  succeeded  in  fbrcias; 
Cfpen  a  gate,  after  having  shot  the  sei^.^ 
tinel,  and  in  fixing  their  flag  on  the 
eastern  rampart.  Twelve  or  four- 
teen of  them  got  in  without  resist- 
ance, when  they  were  charged  and 
forced  to' 'retreat.  They  rallied  se- 
veral times,  but  were  at  last  put  to 
total,  rout,  and  pursued  for  xhtt9 


2C0  A N  xN  U  A  L   R  E  G  I  S  t  ER,  1S02: 

miles  into  the  country^  by  tlw  garri-  ploymcnt,  embarked  in  thc»crviceof 
sou.  Thv'iT  loss  was  about  fifty  men, 
left  dead  at  tlic  fort,  or  found  some 
days  after  dead  of  their  wounds,  in 
tiieirlineof  retreat  5  that  of  the  co- 
lony was  twenty-two,  killed  and 
wounded.  Thus  ended  this  affair, 
fortunately  and  honourable  in  its 
consequences  to  the  attacked,  but 
which  is  a  melancholy  proof  of  the 
determined  hostility  of  the  natives 
towards  the  colony* 

We  may  perhaps  be  thought  U) 
have  dwelt  too  much  at  length  upon 
this  petty  warfare  3  but  it  should  be 
remembered,  that  no  conuuon   in- 
terest has  been  attached  to  tlie  well 
being   of  this  colony  j    tliat  many 
were  sanguine  enough  to  predict  the 
abolition  of  slavery,  and  the  civiliza- 
tion of  the  natives  of  Africa,  as 
some  of  the  consequences  of   its 
establishment;    and   that  immense 
commercial  advantages  to  the  mo- 
ther country,  and  of  individual  gain 
to   the  projectors   of  this  scheme, 
were   confidently  held  out.     How 
far  these  beneficent  and  golden  spe- 
culations have  answered,  tlie  short 
sketch  of  the  history  and   pre»cnt 
state  of  tJie  settlement  we  have  given, 
will  sufficently  evince  j  what  future 
hopes  are  entertained  of  their  ac- 
complishment, may  be  gathered  from 
the  last  report  of  tlie  directors,  which 
state  the  surrounding  nation  of  the 
Timraanies  to  be  "  indolent,  faith- 
less, and  ferocious ;  their  chiefs,  ra- 
pacious, dninken,  and  deceitful;  and 
tlie  whole  constantly  ready  to  pro- 
mote any  design,  however  flagitious, 
which  promises  to  gratify  their  ava- 
rice, or  their  passions."   Nor  should 
it  be  forgotten,  that  this  report  fur- 
ther states,  the  inconsistci\t,  but  cef- 


the  slave  factories,  or  commenced  the  ■ 
trade  upon  their  own  accounts** ! !  ! 

Some  furtlier  proofs  of  the  intract- 
able disposition  of   the  negro    tslcC 
may  be  found  in  the  insurrections  iri 
the  islands  of  Tobago  and  Domi<« 
nica.   In  the  former  of  these  blands, 
about  the  beguming  of  tlic  year,  a 
most  dangerous  conspiracy  was  dis- 
covered of  almost  the  whole  black 
population,  whose  object  it  was  to 
massacre  the  white  inhabitants^  aad 
seize  upon  the  government.      To 
resist  several  thousands  of  this  fero- 
cious people,  brigadier  general  Car- 
michael  had  barely  200  men  in  arms, 
but  his  judicious  and  decided  con- 
duct supplied  all  that  was  wanting. 
On  the  eve  of  the  breaking  out  of  thia 
atrocious   rebellion,    thirty  of    th^ 
ringleaders   were  made    prisoners,; 
one  of  them  was  hanged  early  the 
next  morning,  at  day  break,  at  the 
signal    staff;    and  his  body  beii^ 
lowered  down  and  hoisted  up  raoim 
than  tiiirty  times,  and  a  signal  guq 
being  fired  at  each   time,   the  in- 
surgents were  induced  to  believe  that 
most  of  their  chiefs  had  perished  in 
this  manner.    Terrified  at  this  a^ 
of  justice,  they  immediately  surren* 
dercd  or  dispersed,  and  tranquillihr 
prevailed  in  the  island,  till  its  resto- 
ration (very  contrary  to  th^  wishes  of 
the  inliabitants)  to  Fraiice^  in  om- 
sequence  of  the  peace  of  Amiens* 
It  would  be  an  injuslice  to  general 
Carmichael  not  to    add^  that  hadt 
houses  of  tlie  legislature  of  Tobago 
gave  Uie  niobt  honourable  testimo- 
nies ot  their  sense  of  his  prudonct^ 
resolution,  and  promptitude,  on  tbif 
trying  occasion,  and  further  present^ 
ed  him  with  a  sword  of  the  value  of 


tainly  authentic  fact,  th^t  **  many  of    100  guineas, 
the  settlers,  and  even  some  of  those        In  Donwuica,   tlie  same  spiftt  of 
who  went  out  in  the  company's  em-    insubordination  an4  disposition  for 

Uood 


HISTOllY     OF     lEUROPE. 


261 


blood  in  the  blacks  manifested  itself, 
but  accompanied  with  circumstances 
of  a  far  more  aggravated  nature. 
In  Tobago,   the  insurgents  had  at 
least  the  excuse,  of  bearing  tlie  yoke 
of  slavery  5  but  in  the  present  in- 
stance   they  were   entrusted   with 
arms,  treated  with  the  utmost  kind- 
Bcss,  and  had  every  advantage  in 
common  with  the  British  soldiery. 
On  the  9th  of  April,  the  8th  West 
India  regiment,   entirely  composed 
of  black  troops,  who  had  been  em- 
ployed in  some  public  works,  most 
probably  disliking  labour,  suddenly 
broke  out  into  open  mutiny,  and 
miordered  several  of  their  officers  in 
the  most    barbarous  manner,  and 
every  otlier  white  who  fell  into  their 
bauds,   llie  alarm  being  now  given, 
the  governor,    tlie  hon.    Cochran 
Johnstone  (who  was  also  colonel  of 
the  8th  West  India  regiment)   im- 
mediately mustered  the  troops  in  tlie 
island  and  embarked  for  St.  Rupert's, 
the  station  of  tlie  mutineers,  and 
where  they  had  committed  the  atro- 
cities we  have  above  related.     The 
crews  and  marines  of  some  ships  of 
war  in  the  bay,  assisted  in  the  expe- 
dition.    On  the  iirrival  of  this  small 
army,  the  insurgents  were  discover- 
ed on  their  parade  in  order  of  battle, 
with  some  of  their  officers  whom 
thay  had  spared,  in  front.  They  had 
manned  the  difterent  batteries  which 
commanded    the    approach   to  the 
fort,  and  had  loaded  the  cannon  with 
grape  shot.     On  being  summoned 
to  surrender,  tJiey  refused  to  ground 
their  arms;   when  they  were  fired 
upon  immediately,    which  tiiey  re- 
turned briskly;  altera  few  discharges 
however,   they   gave   way  and  fled 
in  every  direction,  leaving  100  dead 
on  the  spot.   The  dispositions,  how- 
ever, which  were  ma^ie  to  prevent 
flieir  retreat,  were  so  effectual^  tliat 


the  whole  were  captured ;  near  fifty 
died  of  their  wounds,  and  350  re- 
mained prisoners ;  of  these  the  ring- 
leaders were  executed  agreeably  to 
the  forms  of  justice,  and  the  rest 
condemned  to  hard  labour  for  stated 
periods.  Some  loss  was  also  experi- 
enced on  the  part  of  tlie  king's  troops. 
Thus  ended  a  formidable  insurrec- 
tion, by  the  complete  discomfiture 
of  the  rebels.  But  the  policy  of 
'  arming  the  negroes  became,  in  con- 
sequence of  this  event,  the  subject  of 
warm  discussion  both  at  home  and 
abroad.  Little  doubt  was  entertained 
by  all,  but  that  tlie  vigorous  stand 
made  by  tlie  blacks  in  St.  Domingo 
against  the  Englif  h  and  French  force, 
employed  to  reduce  them,  had 
created  a  very  general  sensation 
among  their  brethren  and  country- 
men throughout  tlie  West  Indies, 
and  that  sentiments  of  independence, 
resistance,  and  hopes  of  final  con- 
quest, were  daily  gaining  ground  in 
the  minds  of  that  people,  wherever 
situated,  in  the  European  colonies 
in  the  west.  In  Jamaica,  the  jea- 
lousy of  the  proprietors  and  inha- 
bitants was  so  great,  upon  the  em- 
ploymeut  of  troops  of  tliis  descrip- 
tion for  tlie  defence  of  the  island, 
that  the  governor  gave  way  to  their 
apprehensions  (perhaps  well  ground- 
ed), and  removed  the  2d  West  India 
regiment,  and  announced  to  the  as- 
sembly his  majesty's  consent  that  no 
more  troops  of  that  description 
should  be  sent  thither,  witliout  the 
concurrence  of  the  house  of  assem- 
bly. This  fact  sufficiently  evinces 
the  apprehension  entertained  of  diq 
enomous  population  of  this  race  in 
our  western  colonies  :  at  the  same 
time  that  the  strong  French  force  at 
St.  Domingo  required  the  greatest 
peace  establishment  ever  before  heard 
of  in  that  quarter.  In  the  last  peace, 
S*  3  ^  fifty 


262 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1S02. 


a  f-ftv  TUTi  sh'T»  of  war  nrd  a  fow  fri- 
g2:e>  Lrr.itituird  the  \\hc:e  cJ"  the 
n.-:vai  l::c:-  21  J:ui?:>icn  :  curii'g  the 
h.*f  v:?r,  -:\  sailcf  ii:e  Vi^  v.  2-  cor- 
£:(:(:•=■:  2  sufr.cieni  pr*  itMiin  t  r  thit 
ari ;'  1}  1 :  L'- ? -.r ard  i  ^^  a n  d  •: :  b i:t  r  c  much 
a?prc-hc::=;.  n  and  k-:l-u>v  was  en- 
trrt'j-r.ed  of  th**  ct'-'^TiS  o^  v.ir  ncA- 
irierd?..v.-honi  we  had  er;dej\oui*ed 
to  conciliate  bv  everv  ^aerltice,  both 
at  ov.rorv::  ::nu  2:  the  er.pense  of  oi:r 
alhe^.,.  tl.^t  a  fleet  if  t\ve:ity-t\vo 
shirs  fif  I  he  line,  six  n^onihs  after 
th*  preiiminnii'?^  were  signed,  were 
stationed  at  Ji-maic^  alone  :  and  in 
December,  after  the  French  fleets 
had  returned  hr  rr.^,  nine  sail  were 
thov£^:it  neces^ar)'  for  its  protection, 
jiid  ilji-5,  after  a  year  of  peace,  and 
Avi.«en  the  black  eirpirc  was  looked 
v.T'ir.  v.<  IX a.iv'  iHiniriiiated.  In  ad- 
c.i»!c:i  to  this  grf.'.t  naval  est::biish- 
rz.i.i,  ''overnor  Nugent  thought  it 
r  '^re - ^2 r .  to  2 v  p  ■  v ,  on  t  he  1 7  th  day 
^f  June,  to  the  hou^e  of  as^n.bly, 
bv  u  nie-<:iiie*,  statinsT,  that  the  verv 
'j»"er:t  d.inirer  which  thrcritened  the 
island,  from  tlie  mt-icncholv  and 
ai'armir^  situati  ;n  of  some  of  the 
neighbouiir.g  i^Jiids,  required  an 
incrc3-«'d  military  establishment, 
:ind  th(ref(»rc  proposed  that  the 
island  should  support  an  effective 
force  of  oOOO  men  ;  assuring  them, 
liowever.  tli2t  upon  g(xxl  order  and 
subordirrtion  being  restored  to  the 
French  i  l;':uls  the  number  would 
probably  bt:redac*:d:  that  the  ex- 
tn-or<V.iK!p'  m'"i7ns  to  which  Grcal 
tritni'i  w^s  urdcr  the  necessity  of 
rccurrin:^,  in  order  to  support  the 
iiKTrd^tJ  naval  and  military  esta- 
biishrn -Tits  throug!:out  the  empire, 
induced  tlic  necessity  of  this  de- 
mand  3  and  in  order  to  make  it  more 
ponvenient,  and  lie  within  the  re- 


siiirces  cf  t!ie  i>3jindy  that  he  \rould 
immediate  y  order  the  20th  regiment 
01  dragoons  and  the  2d  West  Indisi 
regiment,  immediately  to  be  em- 
barked and  removed  from  the  island. 
To  thi>  reauisition  the  house  of  as- 
5  ?mh]y  replied  in  strong  but  respect- 
ful term's :  that  haviiig  contributed 
progrt^s^ivelv.  with  every  other  part  of 
die  British  empire,  to  the  increased  ■ 
pressure  of  it>  expenses,  the}*  conceiv- 
ed they  were  equally  with  them  en- 
titled to  protection,  both  in  point  of 
defence  and  $eci:r':ty }  and  liial  it  was 
contrary  to  xha  constitution  of  the 
inland,  to  submit  to  be  burdened  witli 
the  pay  of  British  troops  sent  thither 
for  sucli  purpo><e:  thai  to  tlie  extent 
of'  the  inland  subsistence^:,  hospitals, 
barracks,  A:c.  for  3000  troops,  tlje 
houNC  had  pl-^dg-vtd  itself  as  early  as 
1 773  ;  to  whicli  engagement  the/ 
had  faithfully  ever  since  complied, 
and  in  addition,  had  increased,  at 
considerable  expense,  the  comfort^ 
of  the  soldiery  to  a  degree  unknown 
in  the  other  islands  :  that  the  20th 
regiment  of  dragoons  i^-as  imposed 
upon  them  at  a  moment  of  aJarxn. 
and  under  circum>lanccs,  uhi«:h  no 
longtT  existing,  they  did  not  conceive 
th-ft  they  had  any  longer  the  same : 
necessity  for  its  presence :  and  that  • 
when  the  assembly  agreed  to  give 
British  pay  to  2000  men,  the  mea- 
sure was  resorted  to,  to  avert  the 
evils  that  must  arise  from  arming 
black  troops,  and  trusting  to  armed 
slaves  the  defence  of  the  lives,  the 
liberties,  and  properties,  not  only  of. 
freemen,  but  of  British  subjects  j  a. 
measure  considered  by  them  to  pro? 
ceed  originally  from  ignorance  of  their . 
local  circumstances ;  of  their  laws  $ 
and  of  their  constitutionj  and  univer- 
sally contemplated  by  them  with  hor-* 


*  Vide  "  State  Papers," 


lor 


HISTORY     OF    EUROPE. 


263 


rw  and  indignation  :  that  recent  oc- 
currences in  the  Windward  islands, 
and  the  desertion  of  8onie  of  the 
black  troops,  quartered  in  the  coun- 
try, fully  justified  the  apprehensions 
of  the  people  from  having  a  force  of 
this  description  stationed  in  their 
garrisons  :  tliat,  therefore,  as  in  both 
these  instances,  the  force  alluded  to 
was  found  to  be  inexpedient  and 
dangerous,  tl^y  conceived  tliey  had, 
as  British  subjects,  an  undoubted 
right  of  relief  :  and  that,  from  these 
various  considerations  (with  others 
which  will  be  found  at  length  in  our 
State  Pai>ers)  the  house  considered 
it  to  be  their  duty  7iot  to  comply 
^ith  the  governor's  requisition. 
They  then  enumerate  a  variety  of 
causes  to  show,  that  even  if  this  pro- 
ject were  admissible,  the  deplorable 
circumstances  of  the  commerce,  re- 
venue, and  public  debt  of  the  island, 
would  render  it  totally  impossible 
to  pay  such  an  enormoas  amount  of 
additional  taxes,  as  would  be  re- 
quired to  support  the  proposed  most 
expensive  establishment. 

On  the  propriety  of  this  answer  to 
his  honour  the  governor,  a  division 
took  place,  when  it  was  carried  by 
a  majority  of  18  voices  to  six. 

The  24th  of  the  same  month 
(June),  governor  Nugent  sent  a  fur- 
ther messasfe  to  tlie  hous*^  of  asiiem- 
bly,  containing,  among  other  things, 
his  desire  that  th»y  would  entiust 
the  direction  and  control  of  the 
barrack  department  to  him,  as  it 
was  otherwise  impossible  to  station 
troops,  or  carry  on  tlie  necessary 
works,  with  any  advantage  to  the 
public,  or  tlie  service  in  general,  li- 
mited and  restricted  as  he  was  with- 
i)ul  huch  power. 

To  tins   message,  a  refusal  was 


sent  (carried  by  a  majority  of  four 
voices),  (|ualified  however  by  stating, 
that  it  was  a  subject  of  too  much 
importance,  to  enter  into  at  that  ad- 
vanced' jxiriod  of  the  session,  but 
that  early  in  the  next,  they  would 
give  it  their  most  mature  consider- 
ation. 

How  these  disputes  have  termi- 
nated we  are  not  now  informed,  but 
there  remains  little  doubt  but  tliat, 
from  the  temper,  popularity,  expe- 
rience, and  firmness  of  the  governor, 
no  ill  consequence  can  be  appre- 
hended from  them  :  sufficient  for  us 
tS'have  shown  the  abhorrence  with 
which  the  employing  black  troops  . 
was  held  in  the  West  Indies,  tlie  ' 
fatal  consequences  to  be  apprehended 
from  such  a  measure,  and  the  sin- 
gular fact,  of  one  of  the  effects  of  tlie 
peace  of  Amiens  beiiig,  the  obliga- 
tion to  keep  a  naval  and  military 
establishment  on  foot,  greater  than 
that  required  duriiigtlie  most  arduous 
contest  in  whidi  Great  Ihitain  had 
ever  been  engaged  -,  and  which  must 
at  length  prove  ruinous  to  the  parent 
country  and  her  colonies. 

Before  we  leave  the  new  world, 
we  shall  cast  a  retrospective  glance 
towards  the  attairs  of  the  United 
States  of  America.  On  the  Stii  of 
December  1801,  the  president,  Mr. 
JeHei*son,  communicated  with  the 
senate  and  hou$e  of  representatives 
(in  consequence  of  some  alleged  in- 
convenience attending  on  personally 
addressing  tliem)  for  the  tirst  time 
by  message  *  j  in  which  he  commu- 
nicated to  them  the  joyful  tidings  of 
the  probability  of  peace  being  esta- 
blished throughout  Eurq^e,  and  that, 
of  consequence,  the  irregularities 
which  atfccted  the  commerce  of 
neutral  nations,  and  the  irritatipiis 


*  Vid«  f«  Sute  Papers."- 

^  4 


'rf 


which 


'.* 


264        ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1802. 

vrhich  they  produced,  would  now  faHing  into  its  ordinary  cliamiek; 
most  probably  cease,  and  universal  But  the  account  of  the  cession  -  of 
amity  and  harmony  prevail  through-  Louisiana  to  France  by  Spain,  caused 
out  the  nations  of  the  earth.  He  con-  a  degree  of  sensation  aixl  alarm,  un- 
gratulated  them  upon  the  &iendly  known  since  the  declaration  of  tbeis 
terms  upon  which  the  states  were  with  independency.      They  rbpcoached, 
the  Indian  tribes ;  upon  the  gradual  in  the  most  bitter  terms,  the  conduct 
introduction  of  agriculture,  and  of  of  the  British  ministers  in  siifferiog 
•the  household  arts  among  the  latter ;  that  vast  country  to  fall  into  tlie 
and  upon  the  important  fact,  that,  in-  hands  of  France ;  whilst  the.declarai> 
stead  of  the  constant  diminution  of  tion  of  one  of  the  secretaries  of  staib 
their  numbers,  arising  from    their  (lord  Hawkesbury),  f  that  it  was 
.wars  and  wants,  some  of  them  began  sound  pdicy  to  place  the  Frencb  ui 
to  experience  an  increase  of  popula-  such  a  manner  i^ith  respect  to  Ame^ 
tion.  He  next  adverted  to  the  success  rica  as  would  keep  the  latter  hi^  » 
gained  over  the  Barbary  cruisers,  and  perpetual  state  of  jealousy  with  t^ 
of  the  terms  of  amity  on  which  they  spect  to  the  former^  and  of  coDStf 
now  were  with  the  states.    The  cen-  quence  unite  them  in  closer  bondi 
8us,  he  said,  which  had  lately  been  of  amity  with  Great  Britain,"  fitted 
taken,  ascertained  the  population  of  them  with  indignation  and  abfaotf* 
the  United  States,  to  have  advanced  rence  j  nor  will  their  sensations  oa 
in  a  geometrical  ratio,  and  that  it  this  occasion  be  matter  of  surprise^  if 
promised  a  duplication  of  the  present  it  be  remembered,  that  this  importuit 
numbers  in  twenty-two  years.    The  cession  put  the  French  in  possession 
public  revenue  had  increased  in  a  still  of  the  entire  western  frontier  o£  the 
greater  proportion,  and  would  allow  United  States,  gave  them  the  m^ 
of  the  reduction  of  many  of  the  in-  controlled  navigation  of  the  Missit* 
ternal  taxes,  including  the  whole  of  sippi  -,  the  probable  future  coQinastaMl 
the  excise,  stamps,  and  the  postage  of  tliat  great  river  ^  and,  above  •aXi, 
of  newspapers  :    that  a  reduction  of  they  would,  in  their  most  defeDoeMfe 
the  army  and  navy  establishments  state,  be  neighboured  by  a  band  of 
would  be  advisable :  and,  after  some  furious  and  unprincipled-  invaden* 
further  observations  on  the  duty  of  composed  ofthe  refuse  of  Fraiice,dnd 
.  the  executive  department,  he  con-  of  her  profligate  iioldiery ,  who  wotdd 
eludes    this  highly  flattering   state  soon  And  means  to  corrupt  and 
of    the    affairs    of    the    republic,  duce,  and  who  would  never* 
with -recommending   an  alteration  their  insidious  attempts  till  the  nah^ 
in  the  laws  respecting  naturaliza-  chiefs  of  revolution  had  exitexukd 
tion.  themselves  over  the  new  workL    Ta 
The  satisfaction  which  attended  tlic  states  of  Kentucky  and  Tcn- 
the  reduction  of  the  taxes,  was  ne-  nesse  this  measure  was  more  parti* 
cessary  to  reconcile  the  people   of  cularly    ruim^uSi    the    produce   rf 
America  to  the  effect  which  the  ge-  those  states  had  no  oullet,  saVe  ly 
ncral  peace  had  on  the  prices  of  their  the  Mississipjii,  and  the*ir  future  ex- 
provisions,  their  carrying  trade,  and  istence  must  depend  on  the  will  and 
almost  every  branch  of  their  com-  caprice  oi  France.     Under  the  im- 
merce;  which  were  considerably  de-  pression  of  thesfr  circumstances,  th© 
fcrioraltd  by  the  trade  of  Europe  Ameriean  ministci  at  Paris  was  or- 
3  demd 


y 


HISTORY    OF    EUROPE..  265 

doied  to  inquire  whether  France  had  sides  of  the  mouth  of  that  great  river, 
uxy  serious    intention   of    settling  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  5  the  west- 
Louisiana^  and  if  she  had,  whether  em  bank  was  entirely  hers  with  un« 
aome  terms  might  not  be  proposed  defined  limits,  as  was  the  territory 
to  induce  her  to  forego  the  measure,  on  the  eastern  as  far  as  31  degree* 
Me  wa(%  heard  with  attention,  nc-  north  latitude,  where  it  met  the? 
gotiations  were   entered   into,   but  American  southern  boundary.    Tbei 
delay  succeeded  to  delay,  and  little  great  difficulty,  and  often  the  im-\ 
prospect  remained  of  such  a  termi-  possibility,  of  ascending  the  Missis-4 
liatioii  as  the  Americans  vainly  flat-  sippi,  in    vessels  of  burden,  higH 
tared  themselves  would  take  place  >  enough  to  receive  the  produce  of  the 
ai.if  indeed  the  first  consul  would,  western  states  of  America,  induced 
in  deference  to  them>  forego  the  pos*  the  United  States  to    obtain  from 
totttton  of  a  territory,  which  must,  Spain  a  treaty,  which  was  concluded 
in  the  event,  give  to  the  French  em-  in  I7gs,  by  which,  amonp^  other  ar- 
pirc  the    command  of  North  and  tides,  it  was  stipulated,  that  '*  hii 
South  America,  aiKi  the  West  In-  Catholic  majesty  should  permit  the 
^ies,  and  which  would  realize  the  citizens  of  the  United  States,  foe 
most  gigantic  project,  which  even  three  years,to  deposit  their  merchan* 
he,  in  the  wildest  dieam  of  his  am-  dize  and  effects  in  the  ports  of  New 
bitioQ^  had  ever  fancied.    But  openly  Orleans,  and  to  export  them  from 
*  to  break  off  Uie  negotiation  was  not  thence,  without  paying  any  other 
his   object.     The    siipplies,  which  duty  than  a  fair  price  for  the  hire  of 
the  armament  destined  for  the  re-  the  stores ;  and  his  Calholii  majesty 
duettos  of    Stv   Domingo,   derived  further  agreed  to  continue  this  pcr- 
from  America,  were  necessary  to  its  mission,  if  he  found  that  it  was  not 
accomplishment  and  even  existence;  prejudicial  to  his  interests;  or  that 
aiu^  so  long  as  the  success  of  this  if  he  should  not  agree  to  continue 
•l^ect  was  doubtful,  measures  were  it  there,  that  he  would  then  aswga 
Uk  be  kept  i    and  the  negotiation  to    tiiem    an  equivalent  establish^ 
m^t  forwacd.     No  sooner,  how-  ment,  on  anotlier  part  of  the  banks 
t^er,  had*  the  surrender  of  Tons-  of  the  Mississippi." 
sajnt^  and  tlie  other  rebel  chiefs  in  St.  Notwithstanding  the  time>  stipa« 
J)omingo,  given  confidence  in  the  lated  by  the  treaty,  had  expired  ia 
final  success  of   the  French  arras  1798,  no  steps  had  been  taken  to 
to  Bonaparte,  than  an  act  of  direct  distuib  the  American  depot  at  New 
hostility  in  Louisiana,  the  object  of  Orleans  j  and  they  continued  unmot 
which  could  not  be  mistaken,  took  lested  and  in  perfect  security  till  the 
place,  in  violation  of  the  treaty  be-  l6th  of  October  1802,  when  th® 
tweeu  the  United  States  and  the  king  ^intendant  of  New  Orleans   inter- 
of  Spain  5   in  which  the  latter  was  dieted,  by  proclamation,  the  further 
clearly  the  aggressor.  To  understand  deposit  of  American  goods  in  that 
the  nature  of  this  circumstance,  it  port,andwitliout  assign  ing  any  equU 
will  be  necessary  to  consi<Jer  the  re-  valcnt  whatsoever.      At  the  same 
lative  situation  of  the  American  and  time  it  became  known  that  the  go- 
Spanihh  territories  with   respect  to  vernor-general  of  Louisiana,  so  far 
th^  Mississippi  and  to  each  other,  from  disapproving    this  step,    ex- 
Spain  was  the  proprietor  of  both  pressly  vindicated  it.    This  act,  sa 

repugnant 


«66        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802; 

tepivimnt  to  al!  i^'Vitl  tdiih,  a;ui  in  sro.-./]  rV'-!i  as  if  desen-esj  nor  should  . 

direct  vi(^!ili(;n  of  u   .sr>le:nn  tr-aTy,  we  ht-  suir^riiCJi  it  this  actof  crook-s 

by  which  aii  \u  Tneii-»e  loss  v,  as  iir.-  v\  ys'',  y ..:  Ti.-vnaparte  (for  his  in- 

iii'-di'^f'ly  s'^.taiiici   Irr  inJivhiuals,  di:::>:'n^'y  it  '.'.)    should  completely 

and  v^hich   u<s  a  dirfct   atti^ck  on  d' re-.-  his  end-,  nnd  perhaps  prevent 

the  free  iiavi;;Ht ion  ot  thr  river,  at-  hi^  evrr  entering  upon  this  Iraudu- 

f  Ttfd  the  iiitiT(:>t  did  iionour  of  Icntiv  acnr.lit  d  i^osscssion. 
tht:  $<?i':^  too  (W'jiiv,  not  to  claim        It  ir.  -.jarceiy  worth  while  to  no- 

thcir  most  i;nmedi?.te  and    solemn  tice  any  other  transaction  which  cc* 

consi«!(Tati(»n.     It  was  easy  to  trace  curred  in  I'.ir  United  States  ih  the 

thi*  oiitrngr  to  its  tiiie  source  j   the  course  of  tii-j  year;    yet  it  may  bo 

tmo'ttlon  iind  cupidity  of  Bonaparte,  woriiiy  of  record,  that  by  the  con- 

His  de*»iqns  \\  ere  now  apparent,  and  vent  ion   concluded   in    Loiidon,  on 

it  Jx^hoved  America,  if  the  protec-  the  Sih  of  January,  between  Great 

lion  of  the  rii/ht>i  of  her  citizens,  Britain  and  America,  the  demands 

her  indetxTidence  as  a  free    state,  of  the  English  creditors  of  the  latter, 

or  licr  rank  among  nations,  were  which  amounted  to  some  millionsi 

dear  to    hrr,    to  act  w  1th  dignity,  wei-e    coramvued   for    the   sum  of 

spirit,  and  promptitude.     Such  was  b(X),OOC)/.  to  be  paid  by  instalments 

tiie   fjii nation    in    which    this    im-  at  the  city  of  Washington  at  stated 

l>ortant  traus<»ction  plactd  the  United  times  :  ar*d  we  shall  here  conclude^ 

^ta:e:s  at  tliccloifi  of  the  year  lb02  ;  with  remarking,  that  wlutever  mgy 

nor  can  thc^ie  remain  a  doubt,   but  he   the   defects    of  their   conitita* 

t!iat  tli*"  pnhlic  Kj/irit  of  the  Aiue-  lion,    or   the   disadvantages   arising 

ricaiis,  r.!isf*d  as  it  was  to  the  iiigh-  f:'«in    the     clashing     interests    of 

e>t  pitch  by  tiiis  act  ot  agi^re/.-^ion,  tlie    ditiercni    states,     coiiectivdy | 

and  flu:  loM/ trail;  of  disu:>tiiji:s  luii-  America,  which  twenty  years  back 

se(jucnces   wiiich,    if  v.nrepellefi.  it  was  scurceiy  removed   from  -ha:sk<* 

niu>t  L^i  e  lise  to,  will  lead  conL'i'css  ruptey,  exports  now,  to   the  valna 

(however  wei I  iru  lined  ti.r:  }:re.sident  of   2(),000,000/.   sterling  annually 

lanyb*    to  l:Mvh  politic?,  and  that  iias  nearly  1,000,000  tons  of  ship- 

lie  !.*  ]\f,  ;..  ron  prej-nmes  lo  doubt,)  ping,  enjoys  an  increasing  populatioa 

to  arm  in  rleter.ce  of  their  bcbt  in-'  and  revenue,  a  thrifty  govern naeiit.. 

I'  rests,  'm^i   punish  tiiis  l)reach  of  and  a  decrease  of  taxes. 


CHAP^ 


^ 


HISTORY     OV     EUROPH,  26T 


CHAP,    XXI. 

4S'(drs  of  India, — Private  Trade. — Progress  of  the  Governor- General  ta-, 
Lucknow —  Consequences. — Deposition  of  the  Nahol  of  the  Carnatic:^-^ 

Installation    of  Arcem  id  Dow  I  ah  on  the  Miisnud  of  Arcot, — Discon- 
tents in  Malabar. — Divisions  of  the  Mahrattas.-^  Prospect  of  a  Mali- 
ratta  War. — Return  of  the  Indian  Army  from  Egypt — Honours  paidi 
to  them. — General  Reflections^ and  Conclusion, 

IN  our  last  volume    (1801)  we  for  the  purpose  of  drawing  the  trade 
were    under    the    necessity    of  of  India  to  Great  Britain,  must  be ' 
abridging    this    important    part  of  advantageous  to  the  company's  in-' 
our  political  history,  from  the  want  terests,  and   that  every  attempt  to 
of  information,  sufficiently  authen-  exclude  India-built  shipping  from 
ticated    by    official    documents,  to  the  trade  of  India,   or  any    other 
lay  before    the    public.     However  branch    of  the    British    trade,     is 
anxious  we  may  be  for  early  publi-  highly   impolitic.*'      These    strong 
cation,  we  prefer  tlie  risk  of  cen-  expressions   the  noble    lord  quali- ' 
siire,  from  delay,  to  the  certain  blame  fies,  in  some  degree,  by  proposing 
we  should  incur  by  a  crude,  undi-  certain  regulations,  under  which  the 
gested,  and  unauthorized   detail  of  private  tiadc should  be  conducted. 
hc\A,  which  involve  the  dearest  in-  This  lettei  the  chairman  replied  to 
terests  of  the  empire*  in  a  very  animated  style,  express-- 
For  these    reasons   we  confined  ing  his  doubts  as  to  tlie  competeticy 
ourselves  to  the  general  statement  of  the  board  of   control    to   intcr- 
of  Mr.  Dundas,  and  to  the  dispute  f^ere  in  a  question  which  he  con- 
between  the  executive  of  the  East  sidered  as  purely  commercial,  and 
India    company    and   sundry  mer-  to  the  discussion  of  >vhicli  the  char- 
chants,  whose  object  it  was  to  esta-  lered  rights  of  the  East  India  com- 
blish  a  private  trade  between   this  pany  presented  an   insuperable  ob* 
country  and  India,  to  which  system  jection.     Ihis  correspondence  gave 
great  countenance    and  '  protection  great  uneasiness  to  the  proprietory, 
liave  been   given  by  the  bo^rd  of  and   those,  to  whom  they  had  dele- 
control.  gated   the     management    of    tlieir 
V'ery  early  in  this  year  the  sub-  concerns ;  in  cc^sequencc  of  which 
jcct   appears    to    have    again    en-  a  general  court  was  held  in  April, 
gaged  the  attention  of  lord  Dart-  when    the   debate  was  opened  by 
aiouth,  the  president  of  the  board,  Mr.  Twining,  in  a  speech  of  great 
who,  in  a  letter  to  the  chairman  of  length  and  sound  argument,  setting 
the  court  of  directors,  of  the  28th  forth,  in  the  strongest  terms,  the 
of  Jariuar)',    does    not  scruple    to  dangers  of  such  an  encroachment 
^y,  "  that  tlie  most  liberal  fapility,  on  the  cli^ercd  rights  of  the  Kj»wt 

I  India 


26R        ANNUAL    REGISTER,     180f. 

India  company^  and  ilic  injury  the  ing  134,  the   noes  32.     In   consr- 

jmblrc,    as    \\cll   as  the    company,  fjucnce  of  which  the  privale  Iradc 

would  sustain,  by  openinii,   in  any  and  employment  of  India  shipping 

shape,  the  trade  to  India.     He  con-  remains    on   the  same    footing   on' 

eluded  a  very  able  speech  by  mov-  which  it  was  placed  in   the  year 

ing  the  following  resolution  :  17(^8. 

**  Resolved,  In  this  debate  much  stress  was 

*'That  this  court  confirm    and  laid  on  the  ingratitude  of  those  pro- 

appTX>ve  the  proceedings  of  the  court  prietors  who  had  formerly  been  m"" 

erf  directors  upon  the  subject  of  die  tlic  ser\'icc  of  the  company,  and  who 

private  trade  of  India.    That    in  now  wished  to  employ  the  fortunes 

their  proceedings  they  have  shown  they   had    made,  under  their    old 

themselves,  and  the  court  are  con-  masters,  to  their  injury ;    but  we 

vinced  will  always  show  tlicmselves,  consider  this  part  of  the  argumrtxt 

desirous  of  preserving,  by  reasonable  as  totally  irrelevant.     Most  of  the 

arrangements,     that    good    under-  fortunes  now  made  in  India  arisrf* 

standing  with  the  board  of  com-  from  the  country  trade,     llie  gold^ 

missioners,  which  is  so  important  to  en  days  of  the  late  lord  Clive  liawr 

the  interests  both  of  the  public  and  long  since  passed  by,  and  the  con- 

the  East  India  company ;  but  that  duct  of  the   company  has  of  kftf' 

the  court  of  directors  be  authorized  been  such  as  to  destroy  that  grad* 

to  take  such  flirtlier  steps  as  may  tude    aiKl    zeal  for  their  interests' 

appear  to  them  necessary  for  tlie  which  formerly   shone    so  oont>pi« 

defence  of  those  rights  which  have  cuously   in    their  «en'ice.     Wlien* 

been   solemnly    sanctioned  to    tho  the  political  power  was,  with  great 

company  by  their  charter,   which  pxopt'iety,  we  confess,  taken  out  otf 

:lre  essential  to  the  interests  of  the  the    hands    of    the  directors,  and- 

public  as  well  as  of  the  company,  with  it  the  superior  patronage  tbtfjr 

and  to  the  violation  of  which,  the  possessed,  they  tlien  very  tinwiscKr^ 

proprietors  of  East  India  stock  can  ungracioiisly,  and  contrary  to  tb« 

oever  consent."  true  interests  of  their  constituents. 

This  naotion  was  powerfully  se-  nominated    in   England  their  owii' 

conded  by  Mr,  Huddlestone,  for-  friends  to  situations  in  the  aerv^ioQ* 

nierly  one  of  the  Madras  council;  abroad,  which  were  till  then  Iq  thd 

and  whose  intimate  knowledge  of  gift  of  the  different  gorernmenti^ 

the  company's  true  interests,  which  and  looked  up  to  as  the  reward  0$ 

he  placed  in  tlie  sti'ongest  possible  long  and  meritorious  services.     Q( 

light,  made  a  very  sensible  impres-  those,thercforc,who  now  return  froift 

sion  on  his  auditors.   Several  of  the  India,  there  is  scarce  an  individoil 

oldest  proprietors,    and   every  one  who  has  not  been  injiired  and  op* 

of  tlie  directors,  who  took  part  in  pressed  by  this  new  order  of  t^ungs* 

the  debate,  supported   the  motion.  From  persons  so  situated  little  gra* 

which  was  very  ably  but  unsuccess!*  titude  is  to  be  expected,  and  paitt^, 

fully    resisted   by  Mr.  Henchman,  cularly  where  such  gratitude  \%'ou]d 

Messrs.  Impey,  Johnstone,  and  other  materially  militate  against  their  own 

proprietors,  who  had  called  for  the  interests. 

meeting.     The  motion  was  carried  But  the  principal  feature  \n  tb^ 

by  a  majority  of  10'i>  the  ayes  he*-  history  of  gur  Ai»iatic  possessinoi 


History  t)F  Europe.      2^ 

for  this  year,  is  the  deposition  of  cannot  possess,  to  trace  back  events 
the  nabob  qf  the  Carnatic,  and  the  to  their  causes, and  spread  the  page  of 
assum|>ti(Mi  of  the  whole   civil  and  history  purged  of  enoi*,  and  puriiied 
military  administration  of  that  coun-  by  philosophy,  before  their  delight-^ 
try,  by  the  company's  servants  in  ed  and  instructed  readers.     To  us  au 
India.     Upon  the  general  policy  of  humbler,  but  we  jtrust  a  no  less  use- 
increasing  our  territorial  dominion  ful,  course   lies  open  5  namely,  to 
in  Asia  there  are  various  opinions,  allow  no  fact  to  escape  us,  to  a)Uect 
Remote  as  we  are  from  tliis  great  materials  for  future  kimifious  ar* 
theatre  of  political  speculation  and  rangement,  and,  with  inviolable fido^ 
adventure,  and  from  tiie  very  con-  lity,  to  substitute  fact  for  conjectures, 
fined  sources  of  information  within        Tljcse  reflections  naturally  aii*e 
our  reach,  it  cannot  be  supjx)sed  that  from   the  subject  we  are  about  to 
wc  should  assume  a  decided  tone,  discuss.  Our  readers  will  have  seeiiy 
on  the  broad  principles   of  policy  that  it  has  been  deemed  worthy  06- 
and  legislation,   whigh  actuate  the  arresting  the  attention  of  parliament 
executive  go\emment  in  that  coun-  upon,  in  tlie  couise  of  ibe  last  fies-r 
tiy.   Of  the  various  interests,  states,  sion,  by  very  respectable  and  wHI- 
^  inhabitants  of  those  vast  regions,  informed  members  of  both  houacf 
where  Great  Britain  has  acquired,  of  parliament.   On  a  subject  of  ftUcU 
from  the  obscure  and  humble  origin  importance  there  must  be  a  divcr-^ 
of  a  commercial    factory,  an  em-  pity  of  opinions,  involving,  as  it  does, 
pire  to  which  no   bountls  can  be  questions    of  the    greatest    conse-. 
assigned,    and   of  whose  value  no  quence  to  our  pieaeut  and  futurts 
calculation  can  be  formed,  we  con^  government  of   India.     We   sliall, 
fess  ourselves  ignorant.     Our  ideas  therefore,  a.s  briefly  as  possible,  p\it 
of  what  is  just  or   politic,  unjust,  our  readers   in   poisession  of    the 
or  unwise,  in  the  administration  of  facts  which  have  reached  us  respect- 
the  British  interests  in  India,  can-  ing  tliis  important  transiiction,  and 
act  be  determined  by  an  applica-  for  which   we  have  autlientic  and 
tiop  of  those  terms,  in  their  abstract  satisfactory  documents, 
lense,  to  that  conduct,  of  which  ^        Tlie  most  intimate  alliance  had 
meagre    official  document,   or  re-  long  subsisted    between    the   East 
ports  originating  from  interested  or  India  company  and  the  family  c^ 
inadequate  sources  of  information,  Midiommed    Ally    and  Omdut  ul 
are  the  sole  grounds  on  which  wc  Omrah,  tlie  late  successive  nabobs 
can  venture  to  form  a  judgment,  of  the  Carnatic,  whose  family  ha<i 
At  a  period  more  distant,    on  the  been  in  possession  of  that  dignity 
result  of  calm  and  solemn  inyestiga-  nearly  half  a  century.     By  the  sola 
tipn,  when  the  clamours  of  party    aid   of    this    alliance    Mahomme4 
and  prejudice  arc  shamed  into  si-  Ally   \\'as   enabled  to   support  hi* 
lence,  or  forgotten  in  merited  ob-    pretensions  to  the    sovereignty  of 
livion,  on  a  future  Cambridge,  an    the  Carnatic,  disputed. on  the  death 
Orme,  or  a  Alauricc,  will  the  task    of  his  father  by  other  pfetenderis, 
fcvoKe'  of   appreciating    the    reaj    and  finally,  by  force  of  arms,  to 
Value  of  actions,  which  we  now  see,    establish  hin^self  in  the  govermiieuc 
"  W  in  a  glass,  darkly."     It  will  be    of  Arcot  and  its  dependencies,  under 
ll^irs,/rora  advantages  which  w    the  protectioa,   indeed,  upon   the 

foundation^ 


270        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  is&l 


foundation,  of  the  British  power. 
\Vhen  the  powerful  confederacy  was 
iormed  in  178O  by  Hyder  Ally  (and 
continued  bv  liis  son  and  successor 
the  la  re  Tippoo  Sultan  n)  with  the 
French  against  the  nr.bob,  and  when 
these  confederates  h.id  se'-zcd  on  a 
considerable  portion  of  his  domi- 
nions, the  whole  force  of  the  British 
government  in  India  was  employed 
in  his  support,  and  in  the  recon- 
cjuest  of  his  country  :  at  the  |)eace 
of  1783  he  was  confirmed  in  his 
dignities,  restored  to  his  possessions, 
and  recognized  as  a  legitimate  so- 
vereign by  the  native  pjwers  of 
India.  To  support  the  authority 
thus  established,  it  became  neces- 
sary to  the  English  government  to 
keep  up  an  additional  force,  and  an 
express  stipulation  was  entered  into, 
in  the  year  1/87,  hy  which  the 
company  bound  itself  to  maintain 
the  whole  military  strength  requi- 
site for  the  protection  of  the  terri- 
tories of  the  allies  ;  in  consequence 
of  which  the  nabob  agreed  on  his 
part  to  pay  an  annual  subsidy  of 
fit  teen  lacks  of  star- pagodas.  In  the 
year  1790,  when  the  restless  ambi- 
tion of  TipjKJo  Sultaun  again  me- 
naced the  temtories  of  Great  Bri- 
tain and  her  allies  in  India,  it  was 
judged  nece^>aiy  that  the  company 
should  assume,  for  their  mutual 
lienerit  and  protection,  the  whole 
civil  administration,  in  addition  to 
the  military  defence,  of  the  Car- 
natic.  At  the  restoration  of  the 
glorious  peace  of  1792,  which 
stnick  a  mortal  blow  at  tlie  power 
of  that  inplacable  enemy  of  Great 
Britain,  and  the  nabob  Tippoo  Sul- 
taun, the  British  government  re- 
stored, in  the  spirit  of  good  faith, 
dnd  in  tlie  strictest  adherence  to 
the  existing  treaties,  the  civil  go- 
verniiient  to  liis  highness  the  nabobs 


remitted  a  vrvy  considerable  jftre'tf 
of  debt  due  hy  him  to  the  Comr^ 
pan}',  and  reduced  the  nniiual  sub*. 
sidy  from  fifteen  to  nine  lacks  of 
ru|)ees :  for  these  imjx)ftant  con- 
cessions the  company  only  're- 
quired an  extended  renewal  of  the 
territorial  security  they  were  al- 
ready in  possession  of,  for  the  peN 
forniance  of  the  nalwb's  pecuniafy 
engagements  j  and  a  specific  agree-' 
nient  on  the  part  of  the  nabob,- 
not  to  enter  into  correspondence' 
with  any  European  or  native  powers, 
without  the  previous  knowledge^ 
and  conairrencc  of  the  British  go- 
vern ment.  Under  these  conditions, 
assuredly  suflficiently  favourable  ta 
the  nabob,  his  government  \ni$ 
restored  to  him. 

Maliommed  Ally  died  in  179^/ 
leaving  two  sons ;  the  second,  Azeeitf 
ul  Dowlah,  probably  fived  and  diej 
in  the  obscurity  and  seclusion  tof 
which  the  policy  of  Asiatic  courttf 
condemns  the  younger  branches^  of 
the  regal  faniilies.  He  left,  how-' 
ever,  a  son  of  the  same  name,  ajH 
parently  the  heir  of  his  MTetched 
fortunes,  and  who  was  supported 
by  tlie  capricious  bounty  of  thd 
reigning  prince. 

Omdut  ul  Omrah,  the  eldest  sort 
of  the  deceased  nabob,  agreeably  i4 
one  of  the  articles  of  the  treaty  of. 
179^1  succeeded  to  tlie  dominioil 
of  his  father's  territories  up<in  hil 
decease.  Much  cause  of  discon- 
tent to  the  company  had  already 
arisen  from  both  the  fiither  and 
son,  having,  contrary  to  the  spiril 
of  the  existing  treaties,  aifd  to  the 
great  prejudice  of  the  territorial 
security,  the  company  held,  fbf 
its  interest  in  the  Camatic; 
granted  tunkaws  (or  assignment^ 
of  revenue)  on  those  districts  whicft'', 
were  pledged .  for  soch    security,  i 


y 


HISTORY     OF      EUROPE. 


-27'} 


but  it  was  not  till  after  tlir  fdl  pf 
•eringapH tarn,  that  it  was  discovered, 
that  the  late  nabob  and  the  present 
were  die  concealed  enemies  la  that 
government,  to   \\  horn    they    were 
indebted  for  their  dignity  and  pos- 
sessions ;    and    had   actually    coni- 
tnenqed    and    maintained    a  secret 
Correspondence   with  I'ippoo    Sal- 
taun,  the  inveterate  enemy  of  Eug- 
land;  which  struck  directly  at  the 
counection   subsi-sting  between  the 
British  government  and    the    Car- 
natic ;  aiid  the  company's  interests 
In  hidia.     In  getting  possession  of 
the  tyrant's    records   aiid    archives, 
the  correspondence  of  iiis  ambas* 
8:?dors,   during    their   residence    at 
Madi-j$,  when  his  sons  were  hos- 
tagss  in  the  years   1792  and  1/93, 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British  go- 
remment,  and  gave  strong  grounds 
to  suspect  that  a  secret  intercourse 
subsisted    between    him   and    the 
two  nabi/os,  Mahommed  Ally  and 
Omdut  ul    Omrah,    of    a    nature 
hostile    to    the    British    interests ; 
from  diese  circumstances  every  re- 
search and  inquiiy  was  employed 
to  ascertain  the  existence  of  a  fact 
so  essential  to  the  security  of  the 
English  empire  in   India;   and  the 
result  established  most  satisfactorily 
jht  following  propositions  : 

Tliat,  as  early  as  the  year  1/92, 
when  the  nabob  Mahommed  Ally 
threw  himself  upon  the  generosity 
of  the  British  government  for  in- 
<iiilgence  in  the  modification  of  the 
treaty  in  1 78?,  he  iiad  already 
commenced  a  secret  negotiation 
>^ith  Tippoo  Saltaiin,  in  order  to 
titablish    an    intimate    intercourse 


with  him,   without  the  knowledge 
of  the  British  government,  and  for 
purposes  evidently  jnejudicial  to  its 
security  and  honour ;  and  tliat  the 
nabob  Omdut  ul  Omrah,  who  nego* 
tiated  the  treaty   of  179'2,  at    tli« 
same    moment    was    actually   em- 
ployed in  promoting  the  secret  in- 
tercourse with  the  court  of  Mysore. 
I'his  correspondence  was  carried  oit 
in  cypher,  a  key  to  which  was  dis- 
covered among  the  records  at  Seriu- 
gapatam,    and    was    given    by    a 
confidential    agent   of  the  younger 
nabob's  to  the  ambassador  of  Tip- 
poo, to  be  conveyed  to  his  master. 
The  terms  employed  in  this  cypher 
bear   indisputable  evidence  of  the 
hostile  spirit  with  which  the  Britiiih 
government  and  its  allies  were  re- 
garded by  these  confederates  *,     In 
this  manner,  in  the  month  of  No- 
vember 1792,  Maliommed  Ally  con- 
veyed secret  information  to  Tippoo 
Sultaun,of  the  sentiments  of  the  Bri- 
tish government  in  India,  with  re- 
lation to  his  hostile  intrigues  in  the 
courts  of  Poonnh  And  Hyderabad; 
a  n  don  t  h  3  i\ r s  t  i n  t  ell igcnce  of  I  he 
war    between    Great    BritJ^in    and 
France,  iu  1793.  he  imparted  secret 
iiiformrition  to  the  court  of  Mysore;' 
and  friendly  advice  respecting  the 
most  seasonable  time  and  most  pro- 
pitious circumstances  for  the  violation 
ofTippooSultaun'scngagcmentswith 
the  company.     Repeated  letters  of 
Omdut  ul  Omrah  proved  his  thorough 
acquiescence  with  his  jather  in  tli*s 
clandestine     and     injurious    corre- 
spondence.    And  it  further  appear- 
ed,    that     during    the     late     war, 
which  |.erminatcd  in  the  destruction 


272       ANNUAL   REGISTER,  I80i. 

of  Tippoo  Sultaun's  dominion,  and  kjnd  M'Ncil,  ordering  him  ti- 
the loss  of  his  life  and  empire  j  that  place  himself  at  the  head  of  a  small 
the  nabob  Omdut  ul  Orarah,  to  the  detachment  (collected  fw  the  pur- 
utmost  of  his  means  and  power,  pose)  and  take  possession  of  the  jpa* 
pursued  the  objects  of  his  secret  in-  lace  of  Chepank,  the  nabob's  then 
tercourse  with  Tippoo  Suliaun,  as  residence,  for  the  preservation  rf 
well  by  a  systematic  course  of  de-  order  in  the  event  of  his  demise^ 
*?f  ption,  with  respect  to  the  provision  which  was  houily  expected ;  to  rc^ 
o(  the  funds  necessary  to  enable  the  strain  the  intercoiirss  of  all  par<» 
Brkl&h  force  to  iparch  into  the  sons  viith  the  interior  of  die  palace; 
Mysore,  as  by  a  studied  and  active  to  repress  any  commotion  whidk 
rppositi«ui  to  the  supply  and  move-  might  ensue  on  the  death  of  the 
ment  of  the  allied  army  through  his  nabob  j  to  protect  from  Tibtenoe 
dominions.  his  immediate  family ;   and  finally. 

The  above  strong  facts  were  sup-  to  prevent  any  of  his  property  and 

ported  by  a  st-rics  of  connected  writ-  treasure  from  being  removed  fran 

ten,  and  oral  testimony  -,  and,  under  the  palace.  In  the  execution  of  tlina 

the  impression  which  tliey  caused  orders  colonel  M'Neil  was  to  nie 

upon  the   minds  of  the  governor-  every  degree  of  conciliation  and  lie* 

general,  it  was  his  intention  to  have  spect  toT^^ards  his  highness't  immedt*    - 

made  a  formal   communication  to  ate  family  and  the  confidential  offioori 

the  nabob  Omdut  ul  Omrah  of  tlie  of  his  govenmient ;   but  he  was  not 

proofs  which  had  been  obtained  of  to  consider  his  brother^as  forming  A    ^^ 

■his  breach  of  the  alliance,  Mith  the  part  of  that  family.    These  or£fB. . * 

\icrw  of  obtaining,  by  the  most  le-  were  dated  on    the  5th  of  Jidjr.    \ 

iii^nt  means,   satisfaction    for    the  Tlie  same  day  colonel  M'Ndlin*   ^ 

injury,    sustained    by   the    British  formed  the  governor  of  their  having  'J 

government,     and    ample    security  been  executed,  with  the  exoeptioil  ^ 

;iv;ainst  his  future  hostile  views  or  of   his  not  having   placed    ffiOBdl  a 

attempts.  within  the  interior  gate,  as  toe  Oft-  .'^ 

Circumstances  of  expediency  how-  bob  expreised  him^f  much  aven^  i 

ever  (the  particulars  of  which  have  fix)m  the  measure,  and  firom  paiti- 

not  come  to  our   knowledge,  but  cular  circumstances  there  not  enit*   ] 

which    the    governor    of  fort  St.  ing,  in   the  colonel's  opinion,  ■if .  -; 

George^  declares   connected  with  immediate  necessity  fiir  such  a  itqii    ' 

"  the  general  interests  and  policy  Some    further   arrangements  wob  j 

of   the  British  govemment,'*)    in-  made  in  order  to  insure  the  objedfe  '-' 

terrupted  such  communication,  and  of  the  governor  being  carried  intd    : 

the    intermediate    illness  of      the  execution  j  and  on  the  1  ith  a  small  .: 

nabob,  furtlier    protracted  the   ex-  force  was  collected,  under  lieutCBant-* 

ecution  of  that  intention.     In  the  colonel  Bo>%'ser,  to  act  as  oocasiol) 

mouth  of  July  1801   the  very  pre-  should  require. 
cari<>tis  state  of  the  health  of  Om-        On  the  15  th  day  ctf"  Jufy  his  h^g^ 

dnt  ul  Omrah  induced  the  governor  ^less  Omdut  ul  Omrah,  nabob  rf  ^- 

(in  couiKil)  of  fort  St.  George,  to  Arcot   and  its  dependdncies,  died* 

i&sue  instructiun»  to  lieutenant-co-  at  his  palace  of  Chepauk;  and  a* . 

•   Lord  Clivc. 


HISTORY    O  F.   E  U  R  O  P  E. 


273 


l|lschd   commission  was    immedi- 
irtdy   issuec]   by    the   governor  of 
&rt  St  George^  founded  on  the  in- 
itiuctioBs  of  the  governor-general, 
to*  i,  Webbe,  esq.  his  chief  secre** 
taxy,  and    lieutenant-colonel  Close, 
directing  them  to  proceed  to  the 
palace  of  the  late  nabob,  in  order  to 
perfect  a  complete   adjustment  of 
the  affairs  of  the  Camatic,  with  the 
kaft  possible  delay. 
•    In  this    instrument,  lord    Clive 
takei.  occasion    to  state,  that  the 
death  of  the  nabob,  has  produced 
no  change    in  the    principles,  by 
which  the  British  government  was 
actuated  towards  his  family,  in  con- 
seqpenoe  of  the  nature  of  the  evi- 
dence which  had  been  established 
in  proof  of  the   violation  of   the 
fiance,  by  the  two  successive  na- 
bobs of  the  Camatic5  but  that,  in 
the  application  of  these  principles, 
in  consequence  of  the  critical  state 
dafbars,  that  the  arrangement  of 
the  xioncems  of  the  Carnatic  should 
be  adjusted  hy  an  amicable  negotia- 
tion.    For  these  purposes  the  above 
named  commissioners  were  autho- 
rized to  use   their  own  discretion. 
On  their  arrival  at  the  palace  they 
were  met  by  Najeeb  Khan,  Tukliia 
AUy  Khan,  Kadir  Nawas  Khan,  and 
Mr.  Thomas  Barret,  who  represented 
themselves  as  having  been  the  prin- 
cipal officers  of  the  government  of 
'  die  late  nabob  -,    to  the  latter  of 
these  personages  the  administration 
ef  the  revenues  of  the  Carnatic  had 
been  entrusted,  and  was  described 
by  the    commissioners  as  of   the 
lo\yest  tribe  of  Portugueze,  equally 
destitute    of  education,    manners, 
and  knowledge,  and  who  was  care- 
fully excluded  by  them,   from  any 
Other  conference,  after  the  first  day. 


The  first  inquiry  procured  an  ac- 
knowledgment, that  an  authentic 
will,  under  his  seal  and .  signamre, 
had  been  left  by  Omdut  ui  Orarah, 
which  the  commissioners  requiring 
to  see,  was  refused,  under  the  pre- 
tences of  ceremonial  and  decorum, 
but  on  its  being  urged  more  peremp- 
torily, the  heir  cf  the  late  nabob 
(who  is  always  styled  in  the  reports 
and  con'espondence  of  the  British 
government,  the  reputed  or  the  sup*' 
posed  son  of  Qnidut  ul  Omrahi 
upon  what  grounds  we  are  not  in- 
formed) appeared  wi(h  the  will  in 
his  hand.  On  its  being  opened  and 
read,  it  was  found  to  be  a  clear  au-r 
theatic  instrument,  devising  to  hii 
son  Ally  Hussain  all  his  rights,  pos* 
sessions,  &c.  in  the  sovereignty  •  of 
the  Carnatic ; .  and  Najeeb  Khan, 
Salar  Jung,  and  Tukliia  Ally  Khan, 
were  appointed  by  it,  to  assist  him 
in  the  administration  of  his  atitiirs. 
After  the  departure  of  Hussain'> 
which  took  place  immediately  upon 
the  will  having  been  read,  Messrs* 
Webbe  and  Close,  in  conversation 
witli  the  two  khans  mentioned  in 
the  will,  stated  the  nature  of  the 
written  documents  discovered  at 
Seringapatam,  and  the  resolution 
formed  by  the  British  government  to 
demand  of  the  deceased  nabob  sa- 
tisfaction, for  his  violation  of  tjhc 
alliance,  and  security  against  the 
future  operations  of  his  hostile 
councils  5  that  the  indisposition  and 
death  of  Omdut  ul  Omrah  had  hi- 
therto prevented  the  execution  of 
the  governor-generars  orders  for 
tliis  purpose ;  but  that  tlie  Britisii 
government,  ever  anxious  to  pre- 
setve  a  connection  so  long  exist- 
ing, would  be  disposed'  to  extend 
tliose  sentiments  to  his    (reputed) 


•  It  is  a  singular  cirpumstaitce  that  the  word  sovereignty  is  in  Englisih. 
Vol.  XUV.  T— Z 


son 


274  ANNUAL    REGISTER,    18d2. 

snii,    provided  adequate  means   of  The  proposition  in  substance  was  as 
sc:ciirlty  could  be  esLibVished  tor  the  follows : — ^At'ter  stating  the  iiioon- 
righti  of  the  company  in  the  Car-  venienccs    which  had  been    cxpe* 
natic,   through  the   channel  of  an  rienced  from  the  ejects  of  a  Prided 
amicable  adjustment.     Tiie  answer  government ;  the  only  remedy,  they 
of  the  khans   was  couched  in  re-  added,  which  cotild  be  applied  to  iti 
spectful,    but  evasive   terms:  they  presem  errors,  was ''the  substitutiom 
positively  denied  any  knowledge  of  of  one  permanent  authority,  in  lien 
the  documeats  found   at   Seringa-  of  the  unstable  government  tirat  had 
patam;  endeavoured  to  explain  them  hitherto  subsisted,  and  that^thercfoie, 
away  into  terms  of  friendship  and  the  entire  and  exclusi\'e  administnk- 
compiiment;  observed  that  the  cy-  tion  of  th^  civil  and  military  govem- 
pher  might  ha\'e  been  conveyed  into  ment  of  the  Carnatic,  was  the  only. 
the  archives  of  Tippoo  Sultan  by  the  security  which  could  be  adopted  as 
enemies  of  tlie  deceased  nabob  -,  and  adequate  to  meet  the  dangers  wluch 
that  they  could  not  pretend  to  give  menaced  the  British  interests  under 
any  answer  to  the  momentous  pro-  the  late  system."     llie  khans  ag^ 
position  of  the   commissioners,  tiU  prayed  time  to  take  this  important 
they  had  consulted  the  ministers  and  proposition  into  consideration,  whick 
family  of  their  late  master.  was  conceded,  and  the  next  day,  iIb 
The  conference  was  thon  broke  17th,  they  promised  to  give  tbdr 
up,  but  was  renewed  on  the  even-  £nal  determination.   In  oonseqiiaioc 
ing  of  the  next  day,  the  ]  6th,  After  of  which,  at  three  the  next  aftegpaon^ 
a  conversation  at  some  length  be-  the  same  parties  met  once  more  at  tbe 
tween  the  same  parties,  on  Uie  same  palace  of  Chepauk,  where  liie  khaat 
topics  which  had  occupied  the  pie-  informed  Messrs.  Webbe and  Ctac, 
ceding  day,  viz.  the  assertion  and  that  the  family  and  the  ministen  of  ^  - 
denial  of  the  authority  of  the  docu-  the  late  nabob  had  deliberated  upoa 
ments  found   at  Seringapatam  y   to-  the  proposition  made  the  precediq( 
wards    its   close,    on    the   requisi-  day,  and  that,  notwithstanding  the 
tion   of  the   khans,    die   commis-  decided  terms  in  which  it  had  beoo 
bioners  made  a  distinct  proposition  made,   they   were  unanimooslj  of 
as  the  basis  of  an  amicable  adjust-  opinion    that    the  fihtisl^  govern- 
ment of  the  a^airs  of  die  Carnatic ;  ment  would  listen  to  a  modification 
on  the  acceptation  or  rejection  of  of  it,  and  in  consequence  produced 
which,  would  depend  the  subsequent  a  contra  p'ojet,  which  they. desired 
conduct  of  the  British  government  might  be  submitted  to  the  considora- 
with  respect  to  die  heir,  die  family,  tion  of  the  govenor*. 
and  the  dependents  of  the  late  nabob.        llie  commissiouers  stated  in  xopif* 

tbu 

♦  TroTZslatioji  of  Propositions  from  the  Heir : 

Art.  1 .  He  cedes  to  the  company,  sovcTti^  authority  over  tUe  PoUgan ;  but  the 
company  shall  give  credit  for  two  lacks,  60,704  star  pagodas,  on  account  otthtMigU' 
PtislAush,  in  the  kists  of  nir.c  lacks  payable  each  yrar. — Art.  a.  The  heir  gianti  ftall 
authority  to  the  company,  to  collect  the  revenues,  &c.  of  the  following  dtscricti:. 
Tthe  revenue;  of  these  districts  are  here  detailed),  but  tlysy  amount  to  more,  viz.  Tin* 
iiivdly  4,06,5C8  star  pagodas.  Madura  61,945  ditto.  Ongolc  13,534  ditto  Palnad  34,057 
dirto.  'J  he  amount  of  these  two  articles,  including  the  Polegar  Pcishcush,  is  8,54,64$  ittf 
pjgodasi  aaJ  this  sum  beiag  dcducuid  tiom  the  nine  lacks  payable  each  year,  leaves  a 


tt  i  S  T  O  n  Y    OF    EUROPE.         275 

iiiat  Aey  were  vested,  witli  full  dis-  Oh  the  19th,  the  projected  inter- 

cretionary  powers,  for  rejecting  any  View    took  place,    and  the  young 

proposition    short   of    that    which  prince    (in    the    presence    of    the 

went  tew  vesting  exclusively  in  the  khans)    assured  the  commissioners 

hands  of  the  council,  the  whole  civil  that  the  object  of  his  own  councils 

and  military  administration  of  the  was  not  to  separate  from  that  of  tiie 

affairs  of  the  Carnatic  5  and  warned  khans.    Eut  (as  it  h>id  been  arrang- 

the  khans   of  the  efllicts  the  non-  ed  by  the   governor)   it  w-is   then 

acceptance  of  it  would  have  on  the  announced  to  Hussain  that  a  per- 

fortunes    of   Ally    Hussain.      The  sonal  conference  was"  desired  with 

khans  however  continued  linn,  and  him  by  his  lordship.     This  step  was 

declared  that  the  contra  projH  con-  endeavoured  to  be  evaded ;  but  being 

tained  the  only  terms  on  which  they  insisted  upon,  it  was  at   last  com- 

could  accede  to  an  arrangement  of  plied  with,   and  in  the  absence  of 

the  affairs  of  the  Carnatic.  the  khans,  who  had  gi)ne  to  prepare 

The  proposed  adjustment  being  thus  his  equipage,  tlie  young  man, ,  with 

broken  ofFi«/i/wi/Z£?,  the  commissioners  much  apparent  anxiety,  and  in  a  low 

would  undoubtedly  have  been  justifi*  tone  of  voice,  said  that  he  had  been 

edin  declining  all  further  negotiation,  deceived  by  the  tw^o  khans;    and 

jret  unwilling  not  to  give  the  person,  immediately  proceeding  to  colonel 

whose  interest  was  more  concerned  McNeil's  tent,  had  an  interview  with 

than  that  of  any  odier  individual,  an  lord   Clive,   where  he   assented  to 

opportunity  of  declaring  his  genuine  every  proposition  that  the  khans  had 

sentiments    upon  the  subject,    and  rejected  in  his  name,  and  even  en- 

pf  disclaiming,  if  he  thought  proper,  tered    info    details    respecting  the 

the  councUs  which    they  cohclud-  treasure  of  his  father,  and  the  per- 

ed  arose  from  interested   and  trea-  sonal  provision  which    should    be 

cherous  adviser?,  they  insisted   on  nlade  for  him:    he  concluded  by 

an  interview  with  Hussain  himself;  disclaiming  the  conduct  of  the  khans 

which,  after  many  subterfuges,  and  during  the  negotiation,  and  desired 

long  and  tedious  debate,  was  agreed  that  a  treaty  should  be  provided  upon 

^)on,  for  the  next  day.                   •  the  basis  of  the  proposition  made  by 

biUnce  of  45, 1 5*2  star  pagodas,  which  is  the  balance  of  nine  lacks  allotted  to  defray  the 
expease  for  the  defence  of  the  Carnatic,  and  the  sum  of  0,21>105  Star  pagodas,  which  is 
allotted  to  discharge  the  ^ebts  of  the  nabob  Walajah,  according  to  the  treaty,  which 
will  be  paid  to  the  company  yearly  by  the  heir;  and  shall  be  discharged  in  ten  equal . 
kists,  from  the  1st  to  the  idth  of  each  month,  from  the  beginning  of  September  to  the 
month  of  June;  and  on  the  debts  of  the  nabob  Walajah  being  discharged,  the  payment 
of  the  sum  of  6,25, io5  star  pagodas  shall  cease,  and  the  sum  of  45,152  star  pagodas  only, 
shall  continue  to  be  paid  yearly,  agreeably  to  the  stipulations  of  1792;  and  the  whole 
of  the.  contents  of  this  paper  shall  be  considered  as  refi^rring  to  the  said  treaty. — 'Art.  4, 
After  the  discharge  of  the  above  debts,  the  heir  shall  liquidate  the  new  cavalry  loanf 
and  he  will  not  only  acknowledge  the  debt,  but  also  the  interest  due  on  it. — Art.  5.  Iii 
event  of  failure  in  the  payment  of  the  kists  stipulated  in  the  third  Art.  then  those  parts 
of  the  treaty  of  1792  shall  be  carried  into  effect,  which  relates  to  the  districts  detailed  in 
schedule  ot  No.  2  of  the  said  treaty,  and  which,  according  to  the  second  article  of  this^ 
paper,  have  not  been  transferred ;  and  with  the  exception  of  the  matters  modified  as 
above,  the  whole  of  tl^e  treaty  of  1792  shall  continue  in  full  force.  The  heir,  out  of 
hli  regard  and  friendship  for  the  company,  will  make  ovec  to  the  company,  as  an  act  of 
^vour,  the  whole  of  his  tif^  tQVchiug  the  pearl  fishdrj^. 

T-Z  2  tbc, 


27G        ANNUAL   REGISTEl?,    1802. 

the  governor,  and  that  he  would  be    composure,  and  even  with  a  smile  of- 
ready  to  execute  it  with  or  without    complacency,    which    bespoke'  tho^ 
the  consent  of  the  khans,  at  ano-    greatest  self-satisfaction  and  applause. 
thcr  conference  to  be  held  on  the        Under  these  circumstances,  the 
next  day  within  the  British  lines.         governorand  council,thought  itexpe- 
But  a  very  singular  scene  pre-    dient  to  open  a  communication  with* 
sented  itself  on  the  20th,  the  day    the  prince  Azeem  ul  Do wlah,  whom' 
appointed  for  the  termination  of  this    we  have  already  mentioned  as  th©^  , 
long  contested  affair.   On  Ally  Hus-    nephew  of  Omdut  ul  Omrah,  and 
sain  being  introduced  to  the  com-    who  lived  in  the  greatest  penury  at 
missioners  at  the  palace,   he    ad-    Chepauk  3  and  had  been,  as  is  al- 
dressed  them,  in  a  resolute  tone  of    ways  the  case  in  the  East,  narrowly 
voice,  and  with  tlie  utmost  firmness    watched  and  almost  a  prisoner  sincof 
in  his  manner,  in  substance  as  fol-    the  death  of  his  uncle.     This  was  ft 
lows :    *'  That  the   khans   having    matter  of  no  little  delicacy,  as^  in 
been  appointed  by  his  father's  will    consequence  of  his  situation,  private 
to  assist  his  councils,  he  could  not    communication  could  not   be  faacf 
adopt  a  line  of  conduct  inconsistent    with  him,  and  to  attempt  to  see  him 
with  their  advice,  and  that,  there-    openly  might  operate  to  his  destrucM 
fore,  any  furtlier  interview  with  the    tion.      But  the   intelligence  being 
governor  would    be   unnecessaiy."    communicated  to  the  governor,  that 
Not  much  surprised  at  this  change    the  two  khans  had  already  perform"* 
of  tone  and  manner,  the  commis-    ed  the  important  ceremony  of  in-* 
sioncrs  concluded  that  it  was  owing    stalling  Ally  Hussain  on  the  musnud 
to  the  influence  of  the  khans,  then    of  Arcot,  and  that  they  meditated 
present,  and  proposed,  under  pre-    performing  the  ceremony  in  a  pub* 
tence  that  the  conference  had  been    lie  manner  the  next  day  j    in  ordcf 
broken  up  too  abruptly  the  day  be-    to  prevent  what  was  evidently  cal**. 
fore  with   his   lordship,  to  conduct    culatcd  to  produce  immediate  com* 
him  once  more  to  the  tent,  where,    motion,  it  was  deemed  expedient 
on  its   being  made  extremely  pri-    tliat      lieutenant-colonel      M'Ncil 
vate,  he  again,  with  the  same  con-     should    take   instant  possession  of 
tidcnce  and  firmness  in  his  manner,    the  palace,  and  to  remove  entixdjF 
assured  the  governor  tliat  he  would    9II  the  guards  of  the  late  ^ahob^ 
not  recede  from  the  sentiments  of    who  had  bf.en  permitted  to  oocupj 
the   two  khans ;  that  he   retracted    any  posts  during  the    negotiation; 
the  opinions  he  had  yesterday  ut-    This  measure  opened  the  means  of 
tcrcd   to    his  lordship,    as    utterly    communicating    with     the    young 
inconsistent  with*  his   honour   and    prince,  and  a  party  of  the  company'* 
interests,  and  that  he  could  admit    forces  were  placed  over  the  hovel  in 
of  no  other  terms  sa\e  tlio<e  con-    which  he  was  confined.     It  would 
tainul  in  his  projct.     From  this  de-     seem,  that  this  measure  at  first  occa- 
claration  no  persuasion,    no  argu-     sioned  him  a  considerable  degree  of 
inents  could  induce  him  to  recede;     alarm  and  apprehension,  but  .being 
•A\  tiie  conse(|uenGes,  as  they  would    reassured  by  colonel  M'Neil,  he  er^ 
;i!il:ct  h.ini  and  his  family,  were  held    pressed    great    satisfaction    at    flic 
out  to   him,  but  in  vain,   and  he    change,  and  an  earnest  desire  to  cx- 
ciuiitcd  the  tent  with  the  g^reatcst    plain  lu^  i>ituation  to  the  governor. 
'^  la 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


277 


In  consequence  of  this  wish  so  ex- 
pressed, Messrs.  Webbe  and  Close 
wcic  appointed  to  meet  him  on  tlie 
.23d,  when  he  made  a  pathetic  enu- 
meration  of  the   hardships   of  his 
situation,  of  tlie  personal  injuries 
he    had    sustained,    and    earnestly 
begged,  thit  both  might  be  taken 
into  consideration  when  tlie  affairs 
of  the  Carnatic  were  adjusted.  Suffi- 
cient grounds  however  appeared  in 
the  course  of  the  conversation  to 
satisfy    their    judgment    that    the 
prince  was  capable  of  sustaining  a 
more  important  character,  and  con- 
cluded that  a  regard  for   his  own 
personal  interests  would  induce  him 
to  accept  the  proposition  rejected  by 
Hussain  Ally  with  cordiality. 

On  the  24th,  after  some  circum- 
locution, the  proposition  was  dis- 
tincdy  made,  and  which,  as  might 
be  expected,  was  accepted  with  the 
most  grateful  acknowledgments  by 
prince  Azeem  ul  Dowlah  -,  and  he 
likev^'ise  made  a  formal  declaration, 
that  in  tlie  event  of  his  ek'vatiou 
to  the  musnud,  he  would  im- 
mediately give  that  security  and 
satisfaction  to  tlie  company  wliich 
the  governor  had  deemed  so  indis- 
pensably requisite  to  the  preservation 
of  the  British  interests  in  the  Car- 
Datic. 

On  the  25  th,  a  draft  of  the  treaty 
was  prepared,  and  brought  by 
Messrs.  Webbe  and  Close  to  the 
prince  J  and  who  discussed  with  him 
its  differcnt  articles,  as  well  as  tlie 
general  principles,  with  him ;  and 
(iuring  which  discussion,  it  must  be 
mentioned  to  his  honour,  that  he 
stipulated  for  provision  being  made 
for  the  family  o{\\U  grandfiither  and 
uncle  :  this  was  direct iy  assented  to, 
and  every  clause  of  the  treaty  being 
agreed  upon,  he  affixed  his  signa- 
ture to  a   Persian  draft  of  tlie  pro- 


posed treaty,  till  a  more  formal  in- 
strument could  be  prepared.  The 
commissioHers  state,  in  their  account 
of  this  conference  5  that  the  strongest 
impression  was  made  upon  their 
minds  in  favour  of  the  prince  by  the 
decorous  deportment,  moderation, 
and  good  sense,  by  which  he  dis- 
tinguished himself  on  this  suddeii 
and  surprising  change  of  fortune. 

On  the  2(5th,  he  was  formally  in- 
troduced to  lord  Clive,  and  con- 
ducted, as  the  future  ostensible  na- 
bob of  the  Carnatic,  to  the  palace  of 
his  ancestors ;  and  on  the  31st  of 
July  he  was  installed  at  tlK»  pakue 
of  Chepauk,  on  the  musnud  of  the 
Carnatic,  with  the  utmost  pomp  and 
splendour.  The  ceremony  took 
place  at  noon;  the  governor,  admiral 
Rainier,  general  Stuart,  and  all  the 
civil  and  military  officers  of  the  go- 
vernment, attended ;  and  at  the  C(jn- 
clusion  of  the  ceremony,  a  royal  sa- 
lute was  fired.  The  first  act  of  hig 
reign,  if  such  it  can  be  called,  waa 
the  signing  of  tlie  so  long  disputed 
treaty,  which  left  him  indeed  ti^ 
name  and  rank  of  a  sovereign,  but 
secured  for  ever  the  power  and  in-* 
fiuencc  of  the  Carnatic  to  the  British 
government  in  India. 

It  is  needless  here  to  particularize 
the  terms  of  tiie  treaty  itself.  It  will 
be  readily  imagined  that  its  sum  and 
essence  was  the  establishment  of 
tlie  company's  right  toadniinislcr  the 
whole  civil  and  military  government 
of  the  Carniitlc,  and  tlic  establish- 
ment of  all  the  ofiicers  for  the  ct)l- 
lection  of  the  revenues,  and  all  courts 
of  judicature,  whether  civil  and  crl-* 
minal,  without  any  interference 
whatever  on  the  part  of  the  nabob. 
One-fifth  part  of  the  revenues  were 
appropriated  to  the  maintenance  of 
the  sovereign,  and  his  own  immediate 
family  j  but  previously  to  such  liftli 
r  -  Z  3  part 


278         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


part  bcin;;  set  aside  to  the  use  of  the 
nabob,  all  the  expenses  of  the  col- 
lection of  the  rrveniit^s,  the  Jai![hire 
lands  of  the  treaty  of  1/87,  and  the 
Mim  set  apart  for  lh<'  payment  of  the 
debts  of  th(^  niibob  Mahommrd  Ally, 
were  to  be  dediirted  from  their  r:ro>s 
amount.  By  anorlier  article,  nil  the 
debts  due  to  the  company  were  ac- 
knowledged by  the  nabob,  but  were 
not  to  be  deducted,  any  part  of  them, 
from  his  fifth  part,  but  remain  a 
charge  upon  the  Carnatic.  to  be  li- 
^^uidaterl  whrn  the  th»-ee  si  mis  above 
mentionrd  were  di-i*harued.  Pro- 
vinion  \»  is  made  for  the  families  of 
the  twi>  late  nabobs  (in  wiiich  the 
unfortunate  Ally  Hussain  was  not 
forgotten,  it  l>eing  stipulated  that 
he  should  have  an  annual  pi^nsion 
of  24,000  paf^odas),  and  care  was 
taken  tliat  the  Viink  of  the  new  nabob 
should  be  ascertained  and  airknow- 
kdgedj  and  by  a  seciet  article,  it 
was  agreed  th.it  a  part  of  the  trea- 
son' of  the  late  nabob  shcmld  be  aj)- 
plied  to  the  cavalry  debt  due  to  the 
company.  I'iie  whole  transaction 
uras  terminateil  by  a  proclamation 
apprising  the  inhabitants  of  the  Car- 
natic  of  the  alteration  which  had 
taken  place  in  tl)e  administration  of 
affairs,  :md  requiring  them  to  pay 
obedience  to  all  such  ordinances  and 
officers  as  the  British  government 
should  for  the  future  app<jint. 

In  the  course  of  the  above  detail 
of  facts,  we  have  carefully,  for  the 
reasons  we  have  already  given,  ab- 
stained from  comment  or  rctiection. 
Like  otlier  revolutions,  it  hns  rxcited 
great  op|)osition  of  sentiment,  and 
great  warmth  of  dim-ussJon.  It 
mi^st  give  satisfaction  at  least  to  see 
xhrA  it  ha«  been  unstained  with 
b)(io.l,  and  unp(>lliitid  by  acts  of 
ba  Iv.ritvand  of-prcsf^Vn. 

Until  i:ic  c:rc'.un*tanc/.*5arc  betttr 


known,  or  seen  in  a  differrnt  point  of 
view  from  what  they  have  appeared 
to  us,  we  must  believe  that  the  mea- 
sure will  not  prove  to  be  unworthy  of 
the  government  of  him,  to  whose 
decision,  foresight,  and  talents,  wc 
are  indebted  for  the  utter  destnic- 
tion  of  onr  implacable  foe,  and  to 
whf)se  brilliant  exertions  wc  owe 
tluit  e>itep.sion  of  power  and  of  em- 
pire wiiich  enables  us  to  keep  in 
some  sort  of  equipoise  the  vast  ac- 
cession-: of  Bonaparte. 

We  shall  next  advert  to  the  pro- 
gress of  the  marquis  Wcllesley  (the 
governor- general)  to  the  northern 
provinces  of  the  Britisii  empire  in 
India.  Ir  was  attended  with  every 
circumstance  of  pf>mp  and  splen-i 
dour  that  could  belon*;  to  tlie  move- 
ment  of  tlie  most  powerful  of  the 
Asiatic  sovereigns.  His  excellency 
embarked  at  Fort  William,  accom- 
panied by  the  otVicfrs  of  his  suite, 
and  a  detachment  of  his  body 
guaRl,  on  the  1.5th  of  August  1801. 
He  proceeded  up  the  Ganges  to 
Mfxirshedabad,  the  place  of  tlie 
residence  of  the  nabob  of  Bengal, 
where  he  arrived  on  I  lie  4lh  of 
September;  visits  of  ceremony  g 
were  here  interchanged  between 
his  lord'ihip  and  the  nabob.  On 
the  ijih  ofNovemijer  he  reached 
Benarci.  where  the  joyful  tidings 
of  the  bunendiT  of  Alexandria  be- 
came known  to  him;  on  tliis  oc-^ 
casion  an  address  from  the  Pluro- 
pcnn  inhabitants  of  the  district  was 
presented  to  his  lordaliip,  couchecj 
in  terms  expressive  of  ilie  admira- 
tion and  resjM'Ct  they  felt,  in  com- 
mon with  other  British  subjects  in 
]ndi;j,  (or  liis  lordship'f*  character, 
talrr.ts.  and.ibiliiics,  which  had,  in 
tiir  short  spact^  of  three  years,  ex- 
tended and  cons<iUdated  the  British 
cr.n»  're  in  India^  in  a  degree  which 

must 


HISTORYOF     EUROPE.        27d 


muit  ever  ,be  contemplated  with 
ustooishment  j  and  congratulatory 
on  the  present  joyful  occasion  with 
particular  propriety,  as  the  force 
from  British  India,  in  consequence 
of  his  lordship's  prompt  and  vigor- 
ous measures,  had  cooperated  on 
this  important  service  5  adding  the 
remarkable  circumstance,  that  a  part 
of  the  army  which  had  capturedSerin- 
gapatam  was  actually  then  employed 
on  the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean  ! 
At  Benares  his  lordship  visited  and 
entertained  three  of  the  grandsons 
of  the  unfortunate  Sha-Allum,  the 
lorereign  of  Delhi.  On  the  29th 
the  governor- general  left  Benares, 
and  proceeded  to  Ramnagar,  the 
residence  of  the  nabob  of  Benares, 
where  the  usual  ceremonial  visits 
were  paid.  On  the  26th  of  De- 
cember hereached  Allahabad,  where 
he  was  joined  by  the  honourable 
Mr.  Wellesley,  and  airived  at  Cawn- 
pore  on  the  8th  of  the  next  month. 
On  the  17th  his  lordship  was  visited 
by  the  nabob-vizier,  attended  by 
his  five  younger  sons  from  Luck- 
now,  accompanied  by  a  large  body 
of  troops.  Sevcia!  conferences  now 
took  place  between  the  governor- 
gfoeral  and  the  nabob-vizier,  during 
^hich,  it  is  most  probable  the  main 
object  of  the  expedition  was  achiev- 
ed j  territorial  dominion  of  consi- 
derable couse(i[uence,  both  as  to  re- 
venue and  extent,  werq.  ceded  by 
the  vizier  to  the  East  India  com- 
pany, and  the  government  of  the 
provinces  thus  ceded,  conferred  on 
his  excellency's  brother,  the  ho- 
nourable Henry  Wellesley,  who 
proceeded  to  Canouge,  to  take  pos- 
session of  his  new  dignity,  on  the 
22dof  January  1S02. 

Of  the  causes  which  led  to  this 
additional  aggrandisement  of  the 
British  empire  in  India,  the  public 


arc  perhaps  more  completely  la 
the  dark,  than  with  respect  to  any 
one  transaction  that  we  recollect  to 
have  occurred  in  the  East  j  of  the 
extent  or  particular  nature  of  the 
cessions  we  are  totally  ignorant, 
nor  should  we  have  been  able  to 
lay  even  this  information,  scanty  as 
it  is,  before  our  readers,  had  it  not 
been  for  the  minute  detail  of  the 
progress  of  the  governor  general 
through  the  provinces,  and  the 
pompous  description  of  its  splen« 
dour  and  magnificence,  which  have 
reached  us  through  the  medium  of 
Indian  newspapers.  We  hate  a 
pledge,  however,  in  tlie  character 
of  the  marquis  Wellesley,  that  the 
measure  has  been  as  honourable  at 
it  is  undoubtedly  advantageous  to 
the  British  interests  in  India. 
.  On  the  3d  of  February,  his  ex- 
cellency arrived  at  Lucknow,  tho 
ultimate  point  of  his  progress  north- 
ward, where  he  corppleted  all  mat- 
ters of  public  business  that  remained 
to  be  adjusted  with  the  nabob-vizier, 
and  on  the  26tli  commenced  his  re* 
turn  for  Calcutta,  where  he  arrived 
on  the  20th  of  April  1802,  after 
an  absence  of  eight  months  and  iivt 
days :  his  return  was  marked  by 
every  demonstration  of  joy,  and 
every  public  testimony  of  attach- 
ment and  respect  that  could  be 
manifested  by  the  inhabitants  of 
Calcutta. 

During  this  long  and  useful  pro- 
gress ;  at  every  station  in  the  jour- 
ney, complaints,  whether  of  natives 
or  Europeans,  were  heard,  grievances 
redressed,  and  regulations,  suited  to 
the  circumstances  of  the  case,  adopt- 
ed, to  ensm*e  the  future  well-being 
of  the  company's  subjects.  The 
native  powers  were  conciliated  by 
every  mark  of  attention  and  kind- 
ness. .  A  considerable  addition  to 


5TER,    13G2. 


:-','••.'   ;    ■       .-..-."•■          "•^^  :  -:.  *  *....■       :  ich.   neTcr    im^ 

Cf»:^''' I  t'    it  ci:?»'.  '.l'cz:!!^:  T^ -r:it:r.   ■t'^  Lad 

i:   "T     :.■•■.'.::.'.    ■.-.>:.-•  -'  v.rt  jer  ■:.:  3r.«i  r*?rc*i.      bi  lli 

«i*'  ir:\i.':  :.v.  t  .'\  '.z,t  '■.ht^:  jtzz  .7  --jTr.-^  -•.-" .zjir.r.-.  zzrz  reset 

1:^  .•.■.;"-  ::':-:  :::.■■   =r-  :--.:':-r  >:..:'  :r  or    t^-tt;  je  far  ift 

?  \\--   •:       ...  .^.._..  ■    -  i;T'i;tj_.7  r?-:::».     1=.  r*  czit  cu^vrj  dsr 


u.  ■ 


a:  ■  ■■..■'■ 7.;  'j^'.   :..:•   t:..;^-?::  £ :-  TV  .■•  irut  iTL^riT*!  »  new  a 

•^  .           :"»■."..    :.e    i::'..:r*c:.    in  J  tir:CJ.-?'>  rrTCt,    liiat  ilic 

»-.  :  '    -v.-  .-.:  2.i.-ir-.  cr  ai:*.:.*  itzt.-  tire  Gr.:i:'-*  in  cL:r  efcpSof, ' 

«. ".   .  ' ;  ■ .     V. .  ::;:■:.  ir:  p«r-:. u'.  i;: 7  l3  ^..irSi'srrt   to  er  ?cre    «iiccci 

I       ^— \*-..  ».:'   i.v;    {•■■>:•■::  l7A  •i.'r.^zi  ci^y-'^l  t>  tiiP- nadia 

i!vr--.-v  •    -"J  r-,  ir:..:   :-^  il. -.::■--■  r-ji  sr.i  i.L-arrr.fc  tl" re?  r I  ihc  a 

•;  t;  ..  •■'  :'--?tu.tn  !r.£d:ri::r.;>f^~--  t».'.i:  chx   we    ucsrc  iDTari&l 

r^  *i  *- : . .  i  .  ■. .  ■» .  ^ :::irrlv  1 "  ir :. leii .  :'?f  any  adi 

'iiv.  i-     ::2r-..  r-r.c«c  r-^-iis*.--"  in  we  riifl-:-^.  ^-^  i-^f  baronets 

? '  :  .   :. ':  i  n ;    r*^  ^ ;  .?t/.r«  1  •:  ii :  «j :  il  e  E  uti  pcari  :r»- ^ir-* , »  hose  loss  i 

c.T  *  ,f » w'  '.  f.  r 'T.  'ii  d  th.-  :r  c  c  ur. :  r/  i  r»d  t*:  >i"  iv,  ct!d  the  filoe  of  our  i 

1 ! ' .  T    ,  V  .- ;  /   VI :  :ii    a   r^rf^f v  -.  ri  v .  e  kw  rr  * . 

J  .-'i  ;  ..  :..'.'.r.--i   f'sui  :n  ir!j.r;y  ir-  Of  s'i  the  nunf rccs  inh 

%■'■'.  r,   i-.c,    xtzyrt    iicHTv^    en-  rt"  I:  cia.  ncrie  i»ive 

p  ,      *:';.:  ;:,«:tr  T  •■: .  ::r-.  oripQjl   n:ar.r.fri  more 

*"■   v'-i--.  i   K'.ween  T:2.73  the '.i:^t:ves  ot  Mabha 

f; '     '•■      ..-,(-   ...r-.-.rc,  ::::::  C ir-  p.Tn  '-fihe  cf*u55i!y  whkh  it 

I-        r.  r   e  ^- r*-;-r-vt  W3r  :r.i-r.  -r.y  ca  the  es<t  bv  the  chaiDol 

:■     ;    ,<?.■    '-j:    *.■.:: .1  j    and  avs: ::::;:  is:r.?  wLich  ir:t?rs£Ct  the  vs 

» r   ' c ^ <•!.*:  -    -  -  r r  f  tc h  a  h  r^^sibie  i^t  nf  m  c^"  H i ndostan  from  one 

jt-  f'^-'  .  v:»  -'.  -r-ru^^T'-s  rbc^,-  bad  tcr  10  theoiher.  lis  extent  from 

» r  *  i/; ■: -^  '  '  ^«  » r . f :i r  \\. ct pcrider.ce .  s« ju :h  r.e jr  >i x  c^egrees,  but  in 

'\\*f  v.^'.fi-  :\'f  h.*x^\f:T,  of  their  se let ni  exctcdirri:  iurty  mile 

t<^.r-fcy  v.>-  f.ai'f:'-':  ry  thr.  nabob  jcct  to  the  dominion  of  < 

f't    ''.T  C:i::«-*  c  ;    ?..:':    :>.:s  fizht,  chietVjins.  denominated  raji 

4«.fii  a^   .;  v,:-.-,  V-.-.  :iL;.a£:cI  cvci"  cot  ccr.nerttd   l-v  any.s3f! 

fa 


/ 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE.        281 

Memlkni,  they  had  frequent  wars     have  been  in-  fir>ding,  that  on  the 
amoQg  themselves^  but  had  resisted     partition  between  the  allies  of  Hp- 
with  success,  all  attempts  on  their    poo's  dominions  in  1 791,  they,  witb 
iddependence,  either  by  EuroJ[)can    the  exception  of  th^  Travancore  and 
or   Mahommedan    invaders,    until    Coorgah   rajahs,  v/ere  lianued  ov,er 
some  years  alter  Hyder  Ally   had.    to  the  English  as   the   portion   o£ 
usurped    the   rausnud  of  Mysore,    the   spoil  allotted  to  them.     The 
Various  and  bloody  were  the  con-    consequences     have    been    CKactljr 
licts  "between  his   ti'oops  and  the    such  as  might  have  been  expected. 
Malabars^  he  at  lengtli   succeeded    The  country  has  been,   from  that 
to  far  as   to  levy   a   tribute  from    moment   to   the  present  period,  a 
wne  of    those   chieftains,     while    continued    scene  of  massacre  and 
others,  in    alliance  with  the  Eng-    bloodshed.     Every  means  that  hu- 
lish,  and   fiimished  by   them  with    man  wisdom    could   suggest  were 
llie  means  of  resistance,  maintained    employed   by  the  Bombay  goi^em- 
their  independence.     His  son  and    ment  to   conciliate  the  natives  of 
•ooccssor,  the  late  Tippoo  Sultaun,    Malabar.     Gentlemen  of  the  fairest 
aDimated  not  only  by  views  of  am-    character  were  appointed  to  the  su- 
bidoQ,  but  of  religion,  on  tlie  con-    perintendcnce    of   tho>e   provinces, 
olusioa  of  the  peace  of  17S4,  with    and  their  conduct  in  office  entirely 
tbc  English,  directed  liis  attention    corresponded  witli   their  char;jcter, 
to  the  entire   subjugation  of    this    but   they    could    not   remedy   tija- 
part  of  India,  and  immediately  com^    evil.     The   revenue,    collected  en- 
priled  thoiic  wliom  he  subdued   to    tirely  by  force  of  armp,  \\  as  found 
embrace    his    faith.      Happily   ft^    unequal  to   the  expenses  of  coUcc- 
iBSttikind,    who  were   tliereby   the    tion,  and,  on  the  representation  of 
iDOoer  rid  of  a   monster  who  dis+    tlie  Madias  governmt^nt,  the  whole 
graced     human     nature,     and     to    of    the    Malabar    provinces    were* 
whom  it  was  left  f<^r   tlie  present    placed  under  their  control  and  su- 
limes    to     produce    a    parallel     in    perintendcnce.      The     a)mmi."»blwii 
Ae  person   now    at    the  head  of    consisting  of  Bombay  civil  servants 
a  neighbouring  nation,    his    crime    was  dissolved,  and  a  military  gen- 
fctonght   witii    It   its  own    punish-    tleman,  of  tlie    Madras    establish- 
ment.    His  attack  on  the  rajah  of    ment,  of  no  higher  rank  than  that 
IVavawcore,    the    southernmost   of    of  major,   was  appointed  sole   su- 
those  pi'inces,   caused  the   war  of   perintendent  and    commissioner  of 
1799,   which  ended  with  the  loss    those  provinces  :    his  conduct   has 
of  one  third  of  his   empire,    and    been  irreproachable,  but  equally  un- 
freatly  facilitated  the  conquest  of    successful  with  tliat  of  his  prede- 
tlie  remainder.  The  Malabar  I'ajahs,    cessois  ;  and  by  recent  advices  wq 
«BKious'to  shake  off  the  intolerable    are    informed    that    he    has  bv-^ea 
yoke  under   which  they  laboured,     obliged  to  leave  tlie  country,  which 
■assisted  our  operations  against  the    is  now  in  open  rebellion  to  our  go- 
tycant,  with  the  utmost  zeal ;  and     vernment.  : 

«*oryassurance  was  held  out  to  them  The  Mahrattas,  who,  as  well  ^^ 
of  protection.  It  is  easier  to  be  the  Malabars  are  the  aboriginal 
<^nceived  tlian  described,  what  their  inhabitants  of  Hindostan,  have,  from 
^>loni$h;neat  aiKi  indignation  n;ust    thek  tirit  estpbliiii^u^nt  as  a  dis« 

tinct 


282         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1862. 

tinct    people,    been     at    an    early  to  be  mentioned^  is  the  rcto 

period   merely  different  hordes   ot'  general  Baird*s  aroiy  from  J 

freebooters,    governed  by  a  feudal  1  he  little  band  of  \\'aiTior5  o 

svstem,  which    has   naturally  pro-  army,  which  belonged  to  the  1 

duced  variety  of  interests  j    and  in  establishment,  after  enduring, 

the  jarring  and  clashing  of  which  a  degree  of  patience  and  disc 

we  have  always,  as  it  appeared  to  worthy  the  character  of  tile  I 

suit    our    interest,   taken    a    part,  soldier,  the  march  from  the  ; 

The  support  we  gave  to  Ragobah  of  the  Red  Sea  across  the  arii 

not  only  sullied  our  national   cha-  burning  desert    of  the  Thrf 

meter  in  tlie  East,  but  nearly   re-  arrived  at  Fort  William,  on  th 

duced  the   company  to  a  state  of  of  July,  and  were  received  a 

bankruptcy  ;  tlieir  paper  at  the  coii-  presidt  ncy   with    the  most  < 

elusion  of  the  second  Mahratta  war  guislied   honours.     The    gov) 

being  seventy  per  cent.  Ix  low  par  ;  general  not  only  ordered  them 

and  although  their  credit  has  since  their  gidlant  leader)  to  be  pc 

revived,  yet    the    pressure  of  the  tlianked  for  their  great  and 

debt  thereby   incurred  is    still  se-  torious   services,    but  was  fi 

verely  felt.     The  chiefs  now  con-  pleased,  to  order  honorary  b 

tending  for  supremacy  are  Dowlut  to   be  conferred  on  all  the  : 

Row,  Scindia,  and  Tucagee  Hoi-  commissioned  and  noncommitt 

car.    The  real  government  of  the  officers,  troopers  and  Seapoyi 

Mahratta   empire   is  vested  in  the  landauze  and  gun  Lascars,  whc 

paishwa,  who  resides   at   Poonahj  employed  in  Egypt.     Lord  i 

the  ram  rajah,  or  nominal  prince,  also  bore  honourable  testimo 

being  always  held  in  a  state  of  con-  the  good  conduct  of  this  army 

Unement  at  Sattarah.  under  his  particular   comman 

Towards  the  conclusion  of  this  a  letter  to  the  govemor-gencr 

year,  the  paishwa,  on  the  advance  which  he  states,  "  that  thoagl 

of  Tucagee,  was  obliged  to  fly  from  might  lament    that    circumsl 

Poonah  and  take  refiige  at  Bassun,  rendered  it  impossible  for  the 

a  considerable  fort  on  the  continent,  have  taken  a  part  in  the  he, 

about  twenty  miles  from  tlie  island  actions  in  this  country  durin 

of  Bombay.     We  immediately  sent  last  campaign,  that  it  must 

a  detachment  to  protect  his  person,  satisfaction  to  them  to  know 

and  he  has  assigned  to  \is  different  their  services  in  Egypt  have  be 

districts,  die  revenue  of  which  is  important    and    essential    to 

calculated  to  produce  thirty  lacks  of  country,  as  those  of  their  fai 

rupees  per  annum.     A  large  force  soldiers,    that  gained  such  d 

has  in  consequence  been  assembled  guished  victories  in  it." 
to  replace  him  in  the  seat  of  go-        On  the  Qth  of  August  the 

vernment,  but  no  official  accounts  quis  Wellesley  gave  a  magnii 

haveyet  reached  this  country  of  their  entertainment,  at  the  new  go 

further  proceedings.  nient  house,  to  general  Baird 

The  last  subject  connected  with  the  officers  employed  in  the  < 

the  affairs  of  India,  which  remains  dition  to  Eg>'pt,  and  in  the  evi 

*  For  *n  account  of  which  sec  our  **  Miscellaneous  Aiticlt." 

a 


y 


HISTORY     OF     EUROPE. 


265 


lute  was  fired  in  honour  of 
'  returned  from  tlience. 
t  detachments  from  the 
iridencies  were  received 
return,  we  have  had  no 
information ;  but  as  they 
10  we  doubt  not  they  re« 
ipal  honours. 

[  now  successively  passed 
^w  the  transactions,  both 
and  foreign,  of  the  year, 
take  leave  of  our  readers 
amest  hope  that  we  shall 
to  have  faithfully  and  ac- 
etailed  the  facts  as  they  pre- 
smselves^  that  we  have  been 
ly  no  prejudice,  nor  in- 
by  party  spirit.  If  we  have 
ed  the  state  of  things  in  a 
Npmy  point  of  view,  tlian 
c  been  seen  by  the  gene* 


rality  of  our  readers,  or  our  con- 
temporary candidates  for  the  public 
favour  have  chosen  to  represent 
them ',  it  is  because  we  were  con- 
vinced that  the  vast  and  increasing 
power  of  France,  operating  upon  the 
resdess  ambition  of  her  ruler,  will 
not  long  leave  us  in  possession  of 
that  peace  which  we  have  purchased 
by  the  greatest  sacrifices  ;  and  that 
if  it  be  true  that  peace  is  the  end 
and  object  of  war,  so  it  is  an 
axiom  equally  evident,  that  war 
is  the  necessary  consequence  of  an 
ill-constructed  and  unequal  peace ; 
and  which  must  be  recommenced 
sooner  or  later,  with  infinite  disad- 
vantages to  that  power,  which  has 
purchased  a  momentary  respite,  by 
degrading  and  disgraceful  conoeso 
•ions. 


CHRONICLE 


[     S5S     ] 


•  • 


CHRONICLE. 


JANUARY. 

1st.  nPHE  first  day  of  the  second 
1~  year  of  the  century  was 
distinguished  by  the  usual  ceremonies; 
the  imperial  flag  was  hoisted  at  the 
tower,  and  the  g»ans  there,  and  those 
■  at  the  park,  \\'ere  fired  :  a  year  of 
niutual  good  understanding,  and  un- 
interrupted harmony  between  the 
t^vo  countries,  has  been  the  best 
proof  of  the  necessity  and  of  the  ad- 
vantages of  an  union  between  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland. 

It  was  reported,  in  the  course  of 
the  afternoon,  that  accounts  had 
been  received  of  the  definitive  treaty 
having  been  signed  j  but  the  mmour 
could  not  be  traced  to  any  authentic 
source. 

Letters  from  Portsmouth  state, 
that  tlie  most  perfect  order  exists  on 
hoard  the  squadron  just  returned 
from  Bantry-bay.  A  court  martial 
^U  assemble  in  a  few  days  for  the 
trial  of  fifteen  ringleaders  of  the  late 
par  ial  mutiny.  « 

4th.  An  overland  dispatch  was  re- 
vived at  tlie  India-house  on  Thurs- 
^y.  By  this  conveyance  we  learn,  that 
,  a  very  considerable  body  of  tlie  Panja- 
1^  Courchy  Poligar's  troops,'  after 
the  surrender  of  the  fort,  descended 
^to  the  plains  of  Tinneyilly,  where 
they  were  opposed  by  nearly  an  equal 

Vol.  XJLIV. 


number  of  colonel  Agnew's  forces. 
The  former  consisted  chiefly  of 
pikemen,  who,  finding  their  retreat 
into  the  jungles  cut  off,  by  a  line 
drawn  from  north  to  south,  and 
flanked  by  heavy  artillery,  fendca** 
voured  to  force  a  pass  in  face  of 
cannon  loaded  with  grape,  and,  con- 
centrating their  force  to  that  par- 
ticular point,  are  stated  to  havT.  per* . 
formed  prodigies  of  valour.  The 
shock  was  sustained  by  the  British 
and  sepoys  with  tlieir  accustomed 
bravery,  and  in  the  issue  the  enemy 
were  routed,  leaving  the  face  of  die 
country  for  several  coss  covered  with 
their  slain.  An  officer  who  was  in 
this  engagement,  and  who  has  Jiad 
many  years  e^cperience  in  Indian 
warfare,  declares  that  he  never  wit- 
nessed a  conflict  so  arduously  con- 
tested. 

Ousters. — Tilbur ina*s  obser\'ation, 
in  die  Critic,  that  *'  an  oyster 
may  be  crossed  in  love,"  has  beea 
lately  verified,  to  the  profit  of  the 
speculators  in  this  new  amour.  The 
advantage  which  has  resulted  from 
crossing  the  breed  of  cattle,  induced 
a  like  experiment  upon  oysters,  and 
an  extensive  dealer  in  Kent  lately 
imported  several  tons  of  Carlingford 
and  other  celebrated  Irish  oysters, 
which  he  laid  down  in  the  bedb  of  tlie 
best'Eiigli&h  natives^  about  Milton, 
A  a  Faversham^ 


35*         ANNUAL    REGISTER,    180t. 

Favcrsham,  and  Whilst aple  :  the  ef-  ed  child  in  the  crowd  j  suspecting 

fqrt  of  tliis  union  has  greatly  exceed-  her  intentions   were  bad,  he  deter* 

'  ed  his  cx^xxiation,  ili€  produce  l^ing  mined  to  observe  her  conduct. — ^Th» 

greater  than  licretotbre,  and  of  con-  infant,  fcr  it  was  scarcely  four  years 

siderably  imiMovetl  llavour.  old,  ff)llowed  the  band  to  theAdel- 

Jntelligence  has  been  received  by  phi,  where  the  woman  succeeded  hi 

tJie  Concorde,   lately  arrived    from  getting  tlie  child  from  tiie  crowd  into 

N(;\^  foundland,  tliat  a  most  horrid  a   private  place,    and  had  actual]/ 

niu:\ler  was  committed  in  that  island,  begun  to  strip  its  clotlies  ofl:^  when 

prcvio'S  to  her  sailing,   by  a  sailor,  the  gentleman  came  up,  and  seized 

Ha^•ing  q'Kirrelled  with  his  landlady,  hold  of  her,   with  an  intention  of 

he  ininicdiately  snatched  a  hatchet,  bringing  her  to  justice  3   but  \mfor» 

and  murdered  the  woman  with  her  tunately,  during  the  sti-uggle,    the 

infant  at  the  breast,  and  four  others,  ciiild  screamed  dreadfully,  and  tb# 

PJeiug  Uiken,  and  put  into  prison,  lie  woman  made  her  escape, 
found  means,  during  the  night,  to        O'tli.    A  duel  was  fought  a  few  ' 

liberate  his  hands,  and  take  oft*  his  months  since  at  Bombay,  between  a 

j?tockings  from  beneath  his  fetters,  licut.  B.  and  a  Mr.  F.  in  which  the 

with  whicli  he  strangled  himself,  and  latter  was  shot  through  the  heart,  and 

that  s(^  effectually  as  to  render   all  of  course  expired  upon  the  spot.  The 

means  tritd  for  his  recovery  abortive,  survivor  and  his  second,  a  captain  R. 

Amkm.     On  the  ptli  of  I^ecem-  have   both  been    sentenced  to    b# 

bcr  last,  Joseph  Bonaparte  and  lord  transported  to  BoLiny-bay,  the  for- 

Cornwallis  exchanged  their  po\\ers  5  nier  for  fourteen,  the  latter  for  seven 

and  on  tlie  10th,  the  Batavian  am-  years. 

Ixis^ador,  citizen  Schimmelpenninck,  At  the  sessions  at  HickVhall,  «■ 
had  a  long  conference  with  tlie  suit  in  which  a  Mr.  Leeky  was  plain- 
r'RUK-'h  plenipotentiarii*s.  Tlie  nf  go-  tift*,  and  tlie  London  wet-dock  com- 
tiations  lx;lween  \hc  latter  and  lord  pany  defendants,  came  on  to  be 
Cornwallis  are  now  carried  on  witli  heard,  lliis  suit  was  instituted  by 
gieat  activity.  Our  town  is  become  the  plaintiti' to  recovej  compensation 
the  theatre  of  numerous  festivities,  from  the  defendants  for  certain  build- 
IV^day  lord  Coniwallis  gave  a  din-  ings  in  llatelitfe-highway,  occupied: 
ner  in  so  sumptuous  a  style,  as  has  by  tlic  former  in  a  factory  for  spin- 
not  been  seen  here  for  a  long  time,  ning  linen-yarn  by  machinery  work- 
A  Sj)anish  secretary  of  legation  is  ed  by  a  steam-engine,  which  bnild- 
arri\  (xl  here,  the  count  dc  Campo  ings  are  to  be  pulled  down  by  order 
d'Alange.  of jhe  wet-dock  company,  under  the 
A  few  days  since  a  gentleman  had  powers  in  them  vested  by  the  act  of 
the  curiosity  to  stop  and  attend  to  parliament  under  which  \l\ey  are  in- 
some  musicians,  w  ho  were  playing  in  corporatcd  ^  and  also  for  the  costs  to 
a  })ye-street  in  the  Strand  5  a  great  be  inairrcd  by  the  pulling  down,  re- 
nnny  others  like\\'isc  assembled,  moving  to  otluT  premises,  and  re- 
aii\oni<  whom,  as  usual,  were  all  the  erectrpg  the  said  steam-enghie  and 
ehihlren  in  the  neighbourhood.  After  othtT  machinery  in  as  perfect  a  statel 
staying  some  time,  he  perceived  as  they  originally  stood  3  and  for  an 
a  genteel  motherly-looking  ^^■oman  ndecjuate  compensation  to  the  plain-* 
Uvivc  particular  notice  of  aw  eil-dItfs^-  tilf  fortlielobS  he  would  sustain  hy 

3  His 


^ 


me  '6(?ssation  of  his  trade  during  the  Mr.  Bosanquct,  obffer\Td  upon  the 

jperiod  of  pulhng  down  and  rebuild-  evil  tendency  which  these   sort  of 

ing  the  said  engine  and  machinery,  publications  had  upon  the  morals  ox^ 

—After  counsel  were  heard  on  both  the  rising  generation,  and  tliat  it  was 

li'des,  the  chairmah  summed  up  the  necessary  to  punish  an  offence  of  this 

evidence,  and  about  five  o'clock  tlic  kind  with  tlie  utmost  severity  which 

jilry  retired,  and  after  a  deliberation  tlie  laws  inflict, 
of  near  an  hour,  returned  a  verdict        — ~  Kennedy,  one  of  the  officers 

for  the  plaintiff  of  4000/.  additional  belonging   to  the  public   ofHde   in 

compensation  to  the  4000f.  already  Marlborough-street,  deposed,  that  he 

agreed  toby  the  defendants.  had  a  warrant  to  apprehend  the  dc- 

Sth.lTie  trial  ofthe  mutineers  of  the  feudaut  on  tlie  2pth  of  Aprils  he 
Bantry-bay  squadron  commenced,  nt  went  to  a  book- stall  which  the  de- 
nine  o*c'ock  in  the  morning,  on  board  fendant  kept  under  the  wall  of  the 
his  majesty's  ship  Gladiator,  at  ^orts-  duke  of  Portland's  house  in  Picca- 
mouth.  The  court,  observing  seve-  dilly,  in  order  to  execute  tlie  war- 
ralpersons  taking  minutes  of  the  pro-  rant,  wliete  he  observed  the  book 
cecdings,  consulted  for  some  time  on  lyiug  among  a  number  of  otliers  -,  he 
the  propriety  of  publishing  the  evi-  took  it  up,  and,  looking  at  it;  per- 
dence  in  detached  parts,  and  at  lengtli  ceived  it  was  called  ''  The  Man  of 
came  to  a  determination  tliat  notes  Fashion,"  and  contained  matter  of 
might  be  taken  of  tlie  business,  but  tlie  most  obscene  nature.  He  there-t 
not  published  till  the  conclusion  of  fore  secured  it,  and  gave  informa- 
the  trials.  tion  on  the  subject. 

The  mutineers  are  sixteen  in  num-  Mr.  Alley  contended  that  tliis  wit- 
her, mostly  very  young  men.  The  ticss's  merely  taking  up  the  book  was 
court  consistedoftlic  following  mem-  uo  proof  of  a  publication  by  the  de- 
bei's,  viz.  fendant. 

Vice-admiral  Mitchell,  president,  .    ^^^'i*  ^^'^"^^?^  insisted  that  the 

Vice-admiral  Sir  C.  M.  Pole,  book  lay  exposed  to  the  public  view, ' 

Rear-admiral  Gower,  ^"^  ^^^^  consequently  it  was  a  publi- . 

Rear-admiral  Collingwood,  ^'f  ^;^"-  J^'^  ^^"^  ''^^  '^  ^"  ^^^'^^ 

Hear-admiral  Holloway.  ""^ ^}'' fu'^'^'T''^'     .        , 

Mr.  Alley  then  made  a  long  ad- 

r   .  .   >?    '^.  post-captains  :  ^^ess  to  the  jury  in  fovour  of  the  de- 

^ptain  Gnndall,  ot  the  i^ormidable,  fendant.     He  contended  that  the  of- " 

-^        w?f'  ^!  fence  charged -against  Uis  client  had 

-  q^^H"^\t    i"'"    Y^o^T'  not  bt^n  proved,   as  it  was  necessary 

Sir  E.  Nagle,     JuJite,  ^^  constitute  tlie  crime  that  the  book 

ir      r  ^^^'^^■"'  ■"    ^^^^*^^es,  should  be  actually  offered  tor  sale :  iiji 

^"!!' "' T  T     •  Majesitic,  ^j^jg  ^^^^  \^  merely  lay  attiong  otiiei 

^'  Louis,  —     Minotaur.  books  in  his  possession,  and  the  wit- 

9th.  In  the  court  of  king's  bench,  ncss  had  chosen  to  take  it  up.     He 

.  paries  Hayes   was  prosfecuted  by  said  that  any  person  who  had  a  libel 

y^  society  for  promoting  christian  in  his  possession  might  be  indicted, 

«^owledge,  for  having  published  an  even  though  he  should  hot  publish  it 

^osceiie  and  scandalous  libel,  called  to  the  world,  if  tliis  chSnte  could  be 

.   ^he  Man    of    Fashion.'^      Tlie  maintained.     He  obscrx-ed  how'  im- 

**itied  counsel  for  tlie  prosecution,  possible  it  was  that  tli«  dt^cutUnt 

.   A  a  2  sU^iUid 


SJfJ- 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802. 


should  expose  a  book  forsnlc  \u\Jor 
tlic  vtTV  Vwill  of   tiic    hCL;-.t:'.rv   (;f 
st.iif '-^  houx',   it  hr  kr.c'.v  \\\:\-   nr.y 
libel  wns  ('-'iitaiii'-.l   iu  it ;    iht*  :':ict 
AVH>^,  Umt he hi'd )/.^:Thascd a nr.nibir 
of  old  books  cA  a  gv-ziiltman,  ajiior.g 
which  iiuiiibcr  was  the  onr.  in  c.iics- 
tioii,    and  ibe  contents  of  which  he 
had   not  nad. — He  remarked  that 
th.*.  law  iiiilicted  the  most  h(\i\  v  pu- 
nl.-ihiiuni  hi  cases  (if  this  kind  where 
the  oileiice  was  proved,   and  tlicre- 
fore  ccnjnr'.d  the  jury  {o  consider 
well  before  ihvy  gavcin  their  verdict, 
wheiher  the  fact  of  publishing  had 
been  broug^hthometo  the  defendant. 
The  learned  gentleman  then  nuid.*.^  a 
most  pathetic  appeal  to  their  feel- 
incr^  on   the  situation  in  which  his 
wife  and  family  would  be  placed,  in 
thee*. (.nt  of  tb'/ir  verdict  being agpin^t 
him,  and  said  he  should  call  a  irreat 
number  (^f   respect:i])le  witnes.-5es  to 
prove  thi'.t  his  moral  character  was 
irreproachable,  and  that  he  was  em- 
plo}ed  bytheparihh  of  St.  James,  in 
a  situation  of  some  trust,   which  he 
would  losv;,  raid  thereby  deprive  his 
fimily  of  their  support,    if  the  jury 
found  him  guilty. 

A  great  many  respectable  wit- 
nesses then  appeared  to  the  charac- 
ter of  the  defendant,  most  of  whom 
liad  known  him  uT)wai  ds  of  fifteen 
years,  and  gave  him  a  most  excellent 
one,  as  an  honest  and  moral  man. 

.  llie  chairman  said,  tlie  pul)rica- 
tion  appejred  to  be  clearly  made  out. 
Tlie  book  V,  as  exposed  for  sale  in  a 
p];ie(j  which  is  the  most  public  per- 
haj).-*  of  any  in  the  metropolis  ;  and 
\yliere  numbers  of  all  ages  and  con- 
ditu/us  sto])  to  lounge  away  their 
time,,  they  were  likely  ,to  take  up 
tlie  book  and  cxnmine  its  contents  ; 
If  they  did  io;  the  obscenity  which 
it  con  lamed,  "i^as  disseminated  hy 
ilie  defendant,'  as  he  had  pkiced  tlie 


book  pn  ?s  ihcy  cculd  not  help  seeincf 
it.  lie  tberelbre  was  l;ound  to  tell 
the  iurv,  tliat  in  his  mind  the  fact  of 
])iiblishinfij  was  prove.  1.  ITiey  how- 
ever would  judge  and  give  their  ver- 
dict accordingly.— The  jury  consult- 
ed a  .-.hort  time,  and  found  the  de- 
fendant—  Xot  GnUty. 

Ihe  archbishop  Platow,  who  con- 
secrated the  emperor  Alexander  of 
Russia,  and  who  pronounced  a  fine 
discourse  upon  that  occasion,  is  aged 
105  years. 

A  duel  took  plac>e  at  New- York, 
between  P.  Hamilton,  the  eldest 
son  of  general  Alexander  Hamilton, 
and  Mr.  G.  J.  Eaker;  in  which,  at 
the  first  fire,  3.1r.  H.  was  shot. 
through  the  body.  He  languislicd 
until  the  nextdiiy,  when  he  died. 

The  liead  and  gun  money  for  the. 
Hr'ld^jr  Point  business  is  in  a  train  of 
settlement.     Ihe  first  payment  to. 
the  captors,    being  about   45,000/. 
w  ill  be  discharged  immediately.  The 
remainder,     about     150,000/.    will 
not  be  paid,  it  is  supix)sed,  for  some. 
time. 

11th.  The  mutineers  at  Ports- 
mouth now  on  their  trial  stated  that 
they  were  not  quite  prepared  w^ith 
ilieir  dt  I'ence  j  in  consequence  of 
which  they  were  indulged  by  tlie 
court  with  a  further  adjournment 
till  twelve o' dock, when tliey  severally 
delivered  th(.^ir  defences  in  writing, 
whicli  wen*  read  by  the  judge  ad- 
vocate. Witnesses  were  then  called 
and  examined  on  the  part  of  the 
prisoners,  and  tlie  court  adjourned. 
The  namts  of  the  mutineers  of  the 
Temeraire,  now  on  trial,  are  : 

John  MayfieJd,  William  Cook. 

James  W'.ird,  Christopher  WhJMy  ^ 

James  Cherterman,  John  Collins, 

John  Fitzj^era!;!,  James  Lock^r,- 

Josci>h  Ilowlan«l,  jc^hn  Cumtninj, 

Thomas  Jones,  William  Hi)Uer>.^sn4k 

Tiiuma:^  Ci  Ob.Sj  Juha  Dayley.   .. 

The 


CHRONICLE. 


i357 


The  charijes  acrainst  them  are 
as  follow  : 

•    First, — Making,  or  endeavouring 
to  make,  mutinous  assemblies. 

"  Second, — Utterring  seditious  ex- 
pressions ;  and  for  concealing  trai- 
torous and  seditious  words  spoken, 
aod  tending  to  tlie  hindrance  of  his 
majesty's  service,  and  not  revealing 
the  same  to  tlieir  commanding  of- 
ficer. 

Third, — Being  present  at  such 
mutiny  and  sedition,  and  not  using 
their  utmost  endeavour's  to  suppress 
the  same,  between  the  1st  and  1  Ith 
<iay  of  December  1 801 . 

Letters  were  received  last  week 
overland  from  Borhbay,  which  state 
in  confident  terms  the  death  of  the 
king  of  Cabul,  early  in  the  month 
of  April,  while  oft  an.  expedition  to 
Candahar.  Timur  Shah  Abdalla 
possessed  great  dominions,  extend- 
ing westward  to  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  city  of  Tershish,  including 
Peishore,  Ghizni,  Gaur,  Seistan, 
and  Korasan,  a  tract  not  less  than 
650  miles  in  length.  Ahmed  Ab- 
dalla, tlie  father  of  tlie  above,  and 
founder  of  Candahar,  was  origi- 
nally the  chief  of  an  Afghan  tribe, 
named  Abdal,  (whence  tlie  name 
Abdalli,)  who  was  stripped  of  his 
'country  by  Nadir  Shah,  and  com- 
pelled to  jpin  the  Persian  army,  in 
1739.  On  the  death  of  Nadir,  he 
suddenly  appeared  among  his  former 
subjects,  and  erected  for  himself  a 
considerable  kingdom  in  the  eastern 
part  of  Persia,  adding  to  it  most  of 
the  provinces  to  the  west  of  tlie 
Indus,  which  had  been  ceded  by  the 
mogul  to  Nadir  Shah.  It  is  stated, 
that  several  chiefs  who  cornposed 
2emaun  Shah's  army  at  the  time  of 
his  entering  Hindostan,  and  who 
Were  active  in  the  subsequent  under- 
taking against  tixe  Seika  at  Lahore^ 


bad  assembled  at  Candahar,  for  the 
purpose  of  assisting  in  arevoltxtion, 
*  said  to  be  in  adtation  in  tliat 
country.  "The  king,  some  months 
prior  to  his  death,  concluded  a 
treaty,  offensive  and  defensive,  with 
the  Seik  government. 

At  nine  o'clock,  the  signal  for  pu- 
nishment was  madeon board  his  m.t- 
jesty's  ship  Aca'sto,  of  38  guns,  cap- 
tain Fellows,  at  Spithead,  and  a'  flag 
hoisted  for  a  boat  from  each  ship  to 
attend  the  execution  of  a  marine, 
\vith  a  number  of  soldiers  in  each 
boat  with  their  muskets  loadied. 
About  a  quarter  before  ten,  "he  was 
brought  upon  the  platform  erected 
for  the  purpose,  attended  by  a 
Roman  catholic  priest  and  some  of 
his  comrades;  After  spending  about 
twenty  minutes  in  prayer,  he  made 
a  signal  he  was  ready  5  and  he  was 
laimched  into  eternity !  He  ac- 
knowledged the  justness  of  his  sen- 
tence, which  wis  for  uttering  muti- 
nous expressions,  and  for  throwing 
a  bottle  at  an  officer,  tliough  hfe  said 
he  was  drunk  at  the  tinie.'  He 
begged  his  shipmates  to  take  warn- 
ing by  his  fate ;  to  be  particularly 
attentive  in  obeying  their  officers, 
and  while  on  board  never  to  drink 
to  excess.  He  gkve  tlie  clergyman 
who  attended  him  a  guinea,  and 
left  ten  pounds  to  pay  the  expense 
of  his  funeral :  he  is  to  be  landed 
to-morrow,  and  buried  at* Kingston, 
He  was  an  Irishman  by, birth,  about 
thirty  years  of  age,  and  a  remark- 
ably strong  man. 

1 2th.  The  last  day  of  the  sitting 
of  the  court-martial,  held  at  Ports- 
moutli,  when  the  mutineers  were 
all  (witli  the  exception  of  White) 
found  guilty  3  the  charges  .  being 
after  an  impartial  and  minute  in- 
vestigation of  six  days  fully  prov- 
ed, they  were  glccoidingly  (6xcept 
A  a  3  White) 


S58       ANNUAL     REGISTER,     1802. 


WhitO  nijcdiTfd  '•  in  5ufF,?r  death, 
by  Iieiii-5  h.^iyjed  bv  tf-.e  neck,  na 
board  such  oi  hi*  i:uje<ty'.s  ships  at 
Sp'thead.  rr  [i\  IVrL- :1:011th  harbour, 
and  at  sUs-h  tiiTie  .is  ^.he  li^rds  cv^m- 
niiss ■  o ::r  t^,  ;f^ i:  s LiU  di rect . "  And 
the  court  :anl:?r  adjudged  Christo- 
pher White  '*  :o  re«:cive  fa o  hundred 
lislies  on  his  bire  back,"  tlxe  changes 
agair.st  him  having  been  but  ia 
pan  pro*  cd. 

\\'hen  this  seaccacc  was  pro- 
oounccd,  Collins,  one  of  the  pri- 
soners, addressed  the  court  in  these 
words  :— '"  Perr.iil  me  to  return  my 

m 

**  sincere  thinks  to  the  court,  tor 
' '  the  pa:i  e  nee  a nd  i nd'ilgcnce  shown 
'*  nic.  J arkntviUd^e  t'l^ justire  nf 
*'  my  ScV-tciiCz  ;  I  bivc  violated  the 
'*  laws  nt  my  country,  and  ihe  d!s- 
"  cipluie  of  the  na\T  :  b-it  I  declare 
*•'  tn  Ahniiihtv  Gixi  that  the  inten- 
'*  tion  of  murder  never  entered  mv 
"  head.  |  solenji^ly  caU  on  God 
'•'  to  witnes*  this  declaration,  and 

trust  to  the  truth  of   it   all  my 

hopes  r  f>:3xd9n  in  the  other  world. 
"  M.iy  Grd  protect  ihe  British  isles 
**  and  the  §ovenmieat  1  and  may 
'*  Grni  receive  mv  soui  !" 

At  t]:c«e  words  all  the  ether  pri* 
s-Diiers  devijutly  exd.iimed  **  Amen^ 

Cheiterman  then  *iaid,  "I  hope 
tacv  will  allow  r.  friend  of  mine  to 
bury  my  bo^ly ;"  and  concluded  by 
pray  in  i;  the  court  to  ^ow  him  a 
littic  timeu>  prepare  himself  for  eter- 
nity. The  president  replied,  "  That 
does  not  rest  with  us,  but  with 
o»ii*r  aurliority." 

llie  remain  in  ;5  prhoners  owne/i 
that  they  had  otK-jided  against  the 
laws,  but  denied  iolrninly  ibeir 
ha*,  ing  e^vpr  ertertiined  any  idea  of 
commiLtin;^  murder. 

T  nc  court  th«i  br^kc  up. 

[pV»r  tl:e  particulars  at  lenj^th  of 
this  most  intcrcatinj  trial,  stt  the 


ce 


€C 


The  hereditary  piince  of  Ba^|| 
ifirher  of  the  empress  o{  Russia^ 
the  queen  of  Sweden,  and  the  elccx 
tre-a  of  Bavarii^  had  the  -ml-fortuw^ 
•^^  :w  overturned  in  his  carriage  01^ 
the  15ih  \\X.  at  ArlK)g3,  fifteen 
liTaguei  trom  Stockholm,  and  die4 
tiic  next  day  in  consequence  of  the 
fall.  His  consort,  and  the  princes^ 
cf  Bavien,  returned  to  Stockbolnij, 
overwhelmed  with  grief. 

13th.  A  Jur)-  was  empaimelled 
by  the  sheritls,  in  order  to  assess  thf" 
damages  in  the  cause  of  Jackson  v, 
lord  Slilaingtow!!,  where  judgment 
was  suffered  to  go  by  default.  T]|^ 
damages  were  laid  at  10,000/. 

Mr.  Serjeant  Best  informed  the 
jur)-  on  the  pan  of  the  pbiutiif^  that 
it  was  an  action  ^o  recover  con^ien* 
satioQ  in  domui^es  trom  (he  defend* 
ant,  for  having  alienated  the  afiec-. 
tions  of  the  plaintiiTs  wife,  deprivc4 
him  of  the  comfoits  of  her  socictv^ 
and  induced  her  to  elope  and  live 
wiih  him  in  adulter)-,  which  she  stiB 
continued  to  do. — ^The  elopcraent 
took  place  on  the  4th  of  Augast  last. 
The  learned  counsel  then  proceeded  * 
to  explai!!  the  nature  of  the  case,  , 
llie  plaintiff,  Mr.  Henry  Jackson, 
was  a  gentleman  in  liie  profession  of. 
tiie  law.  llie  defendant,  lord  vis- 
coiuit  MiLiingtnwn,  was  the  eldest 
son  of  tin*  we;ilthy  earl  of  Portmofc. 
The  unfonunate  lady,  the  object  of. 
his  seduction,  was  grand-daughter  to 
a  most  respiv'table  biu-onet  in  Kent 
(sir  C.  Bishop),  and  niece  to  the  lady, 
of  sir  George  Warren:  her  father  M^as 
at  tills  time  a  colonej  in  the  army.  Th^ 
union  betw  trn  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jackson 
took  place  on  the  2uih  of  September 
X79\.  llic  huslxmd  ami  \dic,  it 
would  he  shown,  lived  together  in 
the  most  perfect  love  and  harmony. 
In  the  year  1/03,  Mr.  Jackson  had 
the  nibfortunc  ;o  be  afflicu^d  witji  a 


CHRONICLE. 


95i 


fttflyttc  stroke;  which  made  it  ne- 
cessary for  him  to  suspend  all  appli- 
cation to  liusiness,  and  retire  to  the 
country/  for  Che  purpose  of  strength- 
fining  his  health.  He  took  apart- 
ments in  Sunbury,  where  Mrs.  Jack- 
son attended  on  him  Mith  all  that 
care,  attention,  and  anxiety,  that 
could  have  been  shown  by  tlie  most 
assiduous  and  aiFectionate  of  wives. 
Their  mutual  harmony  continued 
doMm  to  July  1799,  when  Mrs. 
Jackson  went  to  Sporrengton,  in  Sus- 
sex, on  a  visit  to  her  father  (colonel 
Bishop)  and  mother.  Sir  George 
and  lady  Warren  being  then  at 
Brighton,  invited  major  and  Mrs. 
Vince  (sisters  to  Mrs.  Jacksoit)  and 
^ee  other  unmarried  sisters,  to  pass 
the  race  week  with  them ;  and 
shortly  afterwards  they  were  joined 
bycokmel  Bishops  and  Mrs,  Jackson 
and  her  sisters  were  invited  by  lady 
Charies  Sonierset  to  a  ball  and  sup- 
per, which  commenced  the*  ac- 
quaintance between  Mrs.  Jackson 
and  lord  Milsingtown,  who  was 
introduced  to  her  by  sir  G,  Warren. 
His  lordship  selected  Mrs.  Jackson 
for  bis  partner,  and  it  was  ren.arked 
that  he  paid  her  very  particular 
attention  (  but  she  came  up  to  Lon- 
don a  few  days  after.  In  the  sum- 
iner  (oUqwiflg,  the  same  ladies  were 
on  a  visit  to  Mrs.  Middleton,  sister  to 
sir  William  Middleton,  and  uncle  to 
5^c  plaintiiT,  at  Eton,  and  it  happen- 
*°g  that  the  Ascot  races  took  place 
^^  that  time,  they  made  a  party  to 
^^ni,  and  werQ  joined  by  lord  M. 
^ho  was  afterwards  introduced  to 
^^fs.  Middleton,  at  her  house,'  lx)tii 
Py  Mrs.  Jackson  and  Miss  Bishop, 
^  a  suitor  of  the  latter  young  iady. 
'  -f^r-  Jackson  going  down  in  a  day 
or  two  afterwards,  a  similar  intro- 
Jluction  took  place  betw^itn  him  and 
**^  M.    There  ensued  scveiiU  water 


parties  on  the  river,  and.  thing* 
seemed  so  far  drawing  to  a  conclu- 
sion, that  Mr.  J.  wishing  to  jworaote 
^o  advantageous  a  matcli  with  a 
nobleman  of  lord  M.'s  rank  and  for- 
tune (which  consideration  was  fre- 
quently  presjjed  upon  him  by  hi^ 
ladj^),  and  being  solicited  so  to  do 
by  Mi«s  Bishop  herself,  gave  Im 
lordship  an  invitation  to  his  house, 
which  tlie  latter  accepted,  and  con- 
tinued his  visits  there  all  the  summer 
of  1800,  still  appearing  to  direct  his 
attentions  to  Miss  Bishop.  In  con- 
sequence of  the  frequent  reports  of 
ihfi  intended  marriage,  lord  M.  with 
Mr.  and  Mrs  J.  and  Miss  Bishop, 
were  invited,  and  paid  visUs  to  col. 
Bishop,  tlieir  father,  and  several 
other  persons.  At  length.  Mi*.  J. 
finding  that^  his  lordship  made  ho 
proposals,  and  having  suspicions  of 
his  illicit  intentions,  coinmu'.iicated 
to  his  wife  his  design  to  brenk  off 
with,  and  inform  him  that  his  visits 
must  be  discontinued.  The  lady 
wished  to  dissuade  him  from  doing 
so  under  different  pretences,  and 
even  quarrelled  with  him  on  the 
subject  3  but  ke  persisted  in  his  de- 
termination, and  left  it  to  Mrs.  J.  to 
inform  lord  JNIilsingtawn  of  it  in 
what  manner  she  pleased.  The 
commiuiication  being  n>ade,  the 
plaintitl'*s  eyes  were  soon  cpc^ed,  t« 
his  surprise  and  mortification,  by  th« 
elopement  of  his  wife  in  a  f\:\v  days 
afterwards.  In  one  of  iVIrs.  J.'s 
dra\vcrs  he  found,  upon  search,  a 
letter,  \^hich  left  no  farther  doubt  of 
what  had  takert  place.  The  letter 
w^as  nCairly  as  follows  : 

*'  I  hope  most  enrnc??tjy  veiy 
soon  to  see  that  mv  beloved  Harriet 
was  not  the  worse  for  the  expeditioti 
of  yesterday.  I  wished  very  much 
to  have  called  this  morning  to  have 
iiiquired  after  her,  but  thought  if  I 


Aj'4 


did. 


360        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802, 


did,  T  should  not  have  the  pleasure 
ofpassiDgthe  eveninsr  with  t*»e  only 
woman  in  the  worM  that  I  have  the 
smallesi  attach mert  to,  an  ?ttach- 
ment  yrt  strong  and  fixed,  that  no- 
tbi".  ^  In  the  wo  1 1  can  alter.  I  never 
can  be  Jiappy  till  we  live  tOL'e-ther, 
with  that  clear  little  'ingel  th?.l  so  re- 
SfiTibles  the  ligiiu' ol'it^  dearest  mo- 
ther 5  it  makes  me  quite  miserable, 
the  thov'^hts  of  ieavini";  town ;  1 
cannot  bear  to  be  separate.!  froiii 
you,  m-y  love  ;  I  hope  it  will  not  be 
the  ca£e ;  I  am  sure  we  could  be 
happy  tOL;ctiier.nnu  my  only  study  tlie 
happiness  of  you,  my  aJored  Harriet, 
«nd  the  welfare  of  your  children. 
3Vay,  mv  lovf;,  let  me  see  you  to- 
nH)rrow  if  it  is  in  your  power.  I  wish 
very,  very  mi^ch  tliat  we  may  meet 
tofi;\  wlien  we  sholl  meet  not  to  part 
again,  rerhnps  you  will  not  have 
an  opportunity  of  reading  this  bclore 
I  ?:in  obliged  to  leave  you,  therefore 
3  v\  ill  be  in  Hart-street,  at  tlie  usual 
pl.ice,  nl  twelve  o'clock  to-morrow 3 
p!j}'  come  as  soon  aftcT  as  you  can  j 
andbelicxc  :i^.e,  most  »»irxcr<^ly,atTec- 
tionr.tely,  and  laitlilully,  yours  ever, 
M." 

The  gentlemen  on  the  other  side 
may  a>,k  wliy  ]:e  did  not  bring  Mi;  s 
Bishop  forward  to  prove  any  part  of 
the  case  ?  His  reply  wa'*,  that  slie 
bL'ing  the  sister,  of  tlie  fallen  lady, 
an:!  ha\  ing  been  Uie  pretended  object 
cf  l-.):d  JNI.'s  addresses,  his  client 
would  sooner  forrr^o  all  tlic  ad\an- 
ta^TCs  he  c-idd  der':\c  from  her 
c\  i'Jenco,  01  ven  f(;rei.o  all  dan^aj-rs 
\vl:atevrr,  th.m  coir.mit  sucli  an  out- 
rage upon  the  dr}ici:cy  of  the  youi^g 
LicS'  aid  the  feci' 1 10s  of  her  fain-iy. 
\N'iti;est.s  bi'ing  examined  in 
p'*(;of  of  the  ai;o\e  sliitemf i:t,  rnd 
tLtt  di'fendant  ha\ini:  a'jowed 
jjidgmcnt  to  go  by  default,  the  jury, 
alter  iicaring  aa  ingenious  defence 


by  Mr.  Dallas,  found  a  vcrdi 
2000/.  dam.ages  against  the  d 
dant,  with  costs  of  suit. 

14th.  About  one  o'clock,  ti 
gre^t  tenor  of  tlie  neighbour 
more  than  forty  feet  in  extent  < 
h'l  h  wall  at  the  east  end  o 
S  . ' ! '  ts  ch u rch ,  Ne\^'castle,  fel 
S  ;  vcr-.-lrect.  It  had  long  sho>v] 
dent  syni^roms  of  decay  and 
bling,  hut  the  a'oplication  of  se 
;i';lc  repairs  was  alA^'ays  forgotl 
re;.,lccied.  Some  ho'ises  and 
dows  0:1  the  opposite  side  o 
street  have  received  damagC; 
hapi  ily  no  lives  were  lost,  noi 
any  person  injur' d.  But  tt 
the  livinf;-  escnp."d  unhurt,  the 
j-ions  of  tlie  dead  were  disturix 
the  accident,  some  coffins  with 
contents  accompanying  the 
w'hicli  pressed  upon  the  wallj 
the  sinct. 

It  wns  repeatedly  obsen'ed,  ] 
ing  tlie  agitation  of  the  iinioi 
tween  the  tv.o  kingdoms,  tha 
land  would  never  earnestly  p 
those  ohji( ts  ot  commerce,  ag 
ture,  and  improvements  in  ge 
which  could  alor<i  render  her 
perous  and  op^ilent,  until  her 
me?U  was  in( urporated-with  ti 
Gieat  T-rltain.  This  prophecy ; 
to  be  fast  accompli.'" hing.  ^ol 
di-itrncted  with  parties,  spring! 
a  crcot  measure  irom  senatori 
bals,  the  sifter  country  now  af 
to  be  centring  her  universal  j 
tion  in  piu-suits  that  must  in 
years  give  her  i'ar  more  CQDseq; 
in  the  scale  of  nations. 

J5ih.  As  colonel  Sullivan 
returning  to  town  on  tlie  Edg 
road,  witii  I'.in  servant,  in  his 
chaise,  he  \\  as  stopY-cU  f lear  the 
by  two  I'ootpad'^,  win?  presentee 
pistols  into  the  c:.::ibe  to  hini 
demanded  his  money :  he  .rt 


^ 


.  CHRONICLE.  ;s«J. 

Sf  thoy  would  take  their  pistols  away.  The  answer  of  rear-admiral  Camp* 
they  should  have  what  he  had  about  bell  to  a  question  of  the  mutinous 
him,  and  accordingly  gave  them  six  ship's  company  of  the  Temeraire,  is 
guineas.  But  not  satisfied  with  one  of  the  most  natural  traits  of  true 
5u.s,  they  insisted  on  taking  a  fa-  naval  discipline,  after  the  old  schoolji 
vourite  dog  he  had  with  him.  This  that  we  remember:  upon  the  spokes- 
he  Vefused  them  ;  upon  which  they,  man  asking'  where  the  ship  was 
fired  into  the  carriage,  but,  fortu-  going?  he  replied.  " To Hellif she 
nately,  on  j)erceivi'i;;  them  present,  is  ordered,  and  we  invstgo  witk  her!** 
he  fell  ba -k,  and  tt\aded  the  shots.  We  have  now  the  best  grounds  of 
which  he  in>tandy  returned^  by  dis-  hope,  that  a  due  subordination  will 
charging  his  pi  4ol  at  one  of  them,  be  effected,  and  enforced  through- 
Both  the  colonel  ai:cl  Lis  servant  then  out  our  fleets,  by  the  vigilance  and 
got  out  of  the  chaise,  when  a  trial  of  unswerving  energy  which  actuate 
strength  ensued  b."tween  them  and  tlie  present  board  of  admiralty.  Tlie 
their  antngonist-,  which  proving  im-  naval  councils  of  1797  were  found 
favourabie  to  the  ruffians,  one  of  incompetent  to  this  great  and  indis- 
them  drew  another  from  his  pocket,  pensable  duty.  Witli  the  best  in- 
and  shot  the  colon.-l  in  tlie  breast ;  tention,  no  dquht,  but  certainly 
notwithstanding  whicli,  the  contest  under  a  most  erring  judgment 
poatinued,  which  at  last  ended  in  the  they  permitted  lord  Howe  to  hold 
total  defeat  of  the  robbers.  The  a  parley,  and  afterwards  to  conclude 
colonel  is  but  slightly  wounded.  a  treaty  with  a  delegation  of  muli- 

Mi. Northman,  a  young  i^entleman  neers  ;     a     negotiation    conducted 

of  Bond-street,  while  skating  about  under  ceremonials  so  contemptible 

six  o'clock   on  Momiay  evening  on  and  ridiculous,  that    future    times, 

the  Srrpeiitine  river,  unfortunately  we  hope,  will  not  credit,  though  we 

advanced  on  a  part  of  die  ice  which  of  the  present  day  must  review  with 

was  noi  sulHciently  firm,  when  both  shame    and   regret !     Fostered    b/ 

he  and  his  companion  fell  in.     ')  he  tliis    miserable    pusillanimity,    the 

latter  extricated  himself  witli  some  spirit  of   disaffection    soon    spread 

diihcuity  ;  but  Mr.  Northman  sunk,  itself  to  the  Mediterranean,  wherc^ 

and  peii-lied   under  the  ice      His  however,  it  was  resisted  by  a  decisioa 

hody  could  not  be  found  till  dragged  and  fortitude,  wliich,  from  tlie  yard- 

for,  and,/a^ « con  as  brought  to  land,  arms  of  the  mutincMis  ships,  imme- 

Vas  im:!]c.iiateiy  placed  in  a  warm  diatcly  displayed,  even  off  the  port  of 

i)ath;  where  ^^cry  racide  used  in  si-  an  enemy,  a  promprand  memorable 

foilir  ca>cs  uy  t!ie  liUitiane  society  sacrifice  to  discipiine  and  justice! 

^'as  adopted  5   but,  we  are  sorry  to  The  noble  lord  who  so  decisively 

?ay,  in  vain.  crushed  that  daring  revolt,  happily 

The  trial  of  the  rem  lining  muti-  for  his  country,  wad  found  at  the 

<ieers,  numcly,  Jo:mi  Allen,  Edward  head  of  its  marine,  when,  the  last 

Taylor,  George;  Coniayne,   George  mutiny   broke    out  at  Bantry-b^y, 

1^'xon,  James  Rirlly,  and  Thomas  The  mea*iures  that  have  been  taken 

oimnions,  commenced  this  day  at  for  its  effectual  suppression,   wete 

Port«!raouth;    'J  ne  order  \va.s  receiv-  sucli  as  might  be  expected  from  hiiqi 

^  by  express  at  three  o'clock  in  the  only,  who  is  enabled  to  improve  the 

ftorning.  jud|;meiit  of  an  enlightened  states- 
man. 


sion.    Do  pray  not  delay,   is  et^ 
time  is  now  exceedingly  prrciptis  t 
we  therefore  conclude,  humbly  begg- 
ing your  compliance. 

"  Yours,  with  humility, 

"  Unhappy  Temcraircf, 
*'  To  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jones.*' 


Ses        ANJfUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

jn«n,  by  the  cxpcricDCc  of  the  most 
vigilant  and  active  commander. 

This  morning  at  Portsmouth, 
the  yellow  flags,  the  usual  sig- 
nals for  punishment,  were  hoisted 
f>n  bfKjrd  the  I'emeraire,  Formida- 
ble^ and  Majestic,  and  the  following 
prisoners,  convicted  by  a  court-mar- 
tial of  mutiny,  and  sentenced  to  die, 
were  brought  out  to  suli^r  death  : — 
Chcstennan,  Collins,  Hliliard,  and 
3  itzgerald,  on  Ixx-u-cithe  Temeraire  ; 
Vf'ard  on  board  the  Majestic  j  and 
!Mayfield  on  board  the  Formidable. 
,  They  appeared  at  the  platform  erect- 
ed at  the  bows  of  the  respective 
ships,  deporting  themselves  with 
that  apparent  contrition  snd  resig- 
nation >^'hich  became  them  at  a 
ynoment  so  awful.  Tlicir  conduct 
during  the  wliole  period  of  their  con- 
liiifment  had  evinced  the  most  pcr- 
ilxr  resijrnation  to  tlicir  fate,  and  a 
•<  onsciousness  that  their  ollbuce  had 
merited  it.  They  had  availed  tljem- 
seh  c^  of  the  assistance  of  the  llev. 
Mr  Jofics,  chaplain  of  theTcmerair©. 
The  manner  in  which  they  applied 
for  hift  pious  offices  in  thair  behalf, 
will  l)cst  show  the  state  of  their 
minds,  their  hiin^ility,  and  the  calm 
ct)mposure  with  which  they  antici- 
pated the  dreadful  hour.  Their  ap- 
plication wa$  by  letter,  and  in  Uiq 
following  terms  : 

''  G/rJiator,  Jem.  7,  1802. 
"  Dtar  Sir, 
''  We  take  the  liberty  of  thus 
humbly  begging  you^  in  the  name 
of  the  Lord  our  God,  to  attend  us» 
and  administer  unto  us,  poor  arid 
miserable  sinners,  the  word  of  our 
blessed  Redeemer  5  as  the  state  we 
are  now  in  is  of  the  most  serious 
nature,  our  bodies  noi  only  being  in 
danger,  but  our  unprepared  sgijls  j 
therefore  we  humbly  implore  your 
assistance  on  this  unfoitu  nate  occa^ 


-  i 


'1 


.•*! 


1 


"  His  MaJQshfs  ship  Temerme^..  \ 

"  Rev.  Sir, 

*'  We  are  now  ready  to  tiearyoa 
open  to  us  those  treasures  of  wisdom^ 
in  whose  divine  author  we  desire  t& 
place  our  supreme  confidence,  9xA^ 
in  whose  service  we  wish  to  bii 
found." 

When  they  came  upon  the  j^* 
form,  a  paper  was  presented  by  ont 
of  them  in  the  nan^e  of  himself  and 
his  unhappy  comrades,  which  wa^ 
read  aloud  to  the  ship>  company. 
It  was  as  follows : 

**  Remember  your  duty  to  God, 
and  for  his  sake  to  your  king  an4 
country.  You  must  be  sensible - 
what  was  the  chief  cause  that 
brought  on  the  fatal  consequenoct 
which  now  end  so  unhappily  for  us, 
and  with  so  much  remorse  10  you^ 
if  you  rightly  consider  how  much 
5'ou  have  contributed,  by  your  rap^ 
port  and  CQunlenance,  Xp  bnng  ul 
to  tliis  untimely  ci\d. 

'^  We  refused  to  put  that  trott 
and  confidence  in  the  wisdom  of  QUf. 
rulers,  which  is  due  to  them  from 
all  good  subjects ;  they  watch  ioi 
tlie  welfare  oi  us  all }  and  how  (tared 
we  then  prefer  our  own  selfish  plea- 
sures and  interests  to  what  they  saw 
necessary  for  .the  public  good  !  htm, 
could  we  find  in  our  h««ts  to  fbr- 
feit  all  the  praises  and  the  bonoiin 
which  our  country  had  so  gratefullj 
bestowed  upon  her  naval  heroes, wfii^ 
have  so  bipvely  fought  for  her  I 

*'  How  coiid  we  so  foolishly  sufr 
fcr  oar  impatience  to  get  tlic  better 

"    '    of 


CHRONICLE. 


S6S 


Hf  us,  iW,   for  the  sake  of  a  few 
paonths  longer  service,  to  sacrifice 
fllthe  blessings  of  peace  we  had 
])Ccn  tolling  for  these  nine  long  years ! 
"  Oh  !   that  we  had  made  these 
T^ections  sooner  ourselves  !  hut  our 
lot  is^cast — our  course  in  this  world 
is  finished. — Make  good  use  of  whj^t 
■  remains  of  yours.  —  It  cannot  be  long 
l)cfore  we  must  all  meet  again  before 
r  the  judgment  seat  of  that  God  whom 
'  ▼ehave  offended,  but  who,  we  trust, 
J  has  seen  and  accepted  our  unfeigned 
i  i^ntance,  and  will  forgive  us,  as 
wc.cJQ  truly  and  freely  forgive  all 
those  \vho    have  anywi§e  otfended 
pf  injured  us.     Prep^jre  yourselves 
^  also,  dear  countrymen,  for  tliis  for- 
giveness, tliat  when  we  meet  in  the 
world  to  come,  we  niay  not  meet 
JD  everlasting  misery. 

"  Pray  for  lis— we  heartily  pray 
for  you.  Amen." 
After  continuing  a  short  time  in 


[ 


prayer,  a  gun  was  fired  as  the  fatal 
iignalof  death,  and  the  wretched 
pien  Tvere  launched  into  eternity. 

17th.  Tl^e  mutineers  were  on  this 
^y,with  tlie  exception  of  Comayne, 
found  gi\iky  of  the  charges  against 
(hem,  and  adjudged  to  surfer  death  : 
and  Araayne,  in  part  guilty,  to  re- 
ceive 200  lashe§. 

The  unfortunate  rncn  ^eemed  per- 
fectly sensible  of  their  guilt,   and 
■  acknowledged   the  justice  of  tlieir 
jentence.  —  See  Appendix. 

iOth.  Private  letters  from  Paris 
ftate,  *'  that  major  Hadden,  arrived 
m  that  city  lately  fr9m  Egypt,  ha^ 
brought  au  account  tliat  the  grand 
vizier,  and  a  pacha  of  Cairo,  invited 
8ll  ihe  beys  of  Egj'jn  to  a  grand  fete 
8t  Cairo,  during  which  a  band  of 
?QWiers  entered  the  hall,  and  mur- 
d<ted  all  die  beys,  wlJich  produced 
P^  9omuio^io;^  at  Ouiro^  aiid  a 


few  thousand  English  had  m^rchej 
thither  to  restore  tranquilTity. 

On  tliis  day  came  on  at  the  Old 
Bailey,  the  trial  of  Joseph  Wall,  esq, 
ciiarged  with  the  wilful  mui'der, 
while  he  was  governor  of  Gorec,  of 
Benjamin  Armstrong,  a  serjeaut  in 
the  African  corps,  by  ordering  him 
to  receive  800  laslics,  which  were 
the  cause  of  his  death.  After  an 
investigation  of  the  circumstances  of 
this  horrid  affair,  which  took  placp 
yearly  twenty  years  back,  and  which 
engaged  the  attention  of  the  court 
and  the  jury  for  more  than  twelve 
houjs^  the  pi i»oner  was  found  guilty. 
Death. 

The  rt^xuder  tlien  passed  sentence 
upon  him,  that  he  be  executed  to* 
inorrow  morning,  and  to  be  anato- 
mised, &c. 

'!fhe  wretched  man  seemed  sensi- 
bly adected  wilh  this  sentence,  but 
said  nothing  more,  than  praying  a 
little  time  mio^ht  be  allowed  hiiu  t<» 
prepj\re  for  deadi. 

[Tliis  trial  at  length,  and  some 
account  of  governor  Wall,  in  the 
Appendix.], 

27th.  A  letter  from  Quebec^ 
dated  October  20,  mentions  die 
deadi  of  major  Impey,  of  die  6tk 
regiment,  in  consequence  of  a  duel 
with  lieutenant  Willis,  ^vhich  origi- 
nated in  a  quarrel  at  the  mess-room 
on  the  25th  of  August.  The  parties 
met  on  the  following  morning,  and 
the  major  fell  at  the  first  shot.  Hte 
lived  ten  hours  after  receiving  the 
wound,  in  great  agony.  Lieutenant 
.WUiis  was  immediately  committed 
to  prison, .  dnd  was  to  take  his  trial 
towards  ^le  end  of  November. 

28th-  A  few  minutes  after  eighty 
this  morning,  the  unfortunate  but 
guilty  governor  Wall  WiUi  launched 
into  eternity. 

On 


36*        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


On  his  arrivnl  at  the  scaffold,  we 
lament  (o  be  oblim-d  to  record,  that 
three  sacct-ssivc  shouts  r)f  exultation 
and  triunTph  bur.:t  tunn  an  innumer- 
abk)  po].aIacc,  and  wliich  evidently 
^prived  the  unhnppy  criminal  of 
the  small  portion  of  foititude  he  had 
Bummoned  up.  Af<er  hrm^jin^  a 
lull  liour,  one  qUwirter  of  which  was 
com"ulsive  agony,  his  body  was  cut 
rfown,  put  into  a  cart,  and  convened 
ar^'ay  to  be  dissected. 

Died. — On  the  /th  inst.  at  his 
house  in  Hertford-street,  May-fair, 
after  a  long  and  severe  illness, 
•which  he  bore  with  uncommon  for- 
titude, Robert  Udny,  esq.  of  Udny, 
icllow  of  the  royal  and  antiqua- 
rian societies. — Mr.  Udny  possessed 
a  very  ample  fortune,  part  of  vv  hich 
he  acquired  in  commcrcx^  as  a  West 
India  merchant,  and  part  by  suc- 
ceeding to  a  considerable  family 
estate  in  tlie  north  of  Scotland. 
Having  early  in  life  conceived  a 
passion  for  the  fine  arts,  he  distin- 
jjuished  himself  by  an  elegance  and 
correctness  of  taste  superior  to  most 
men  of  the  present  age.  He  twnce 
made  the  tour  of  Italy,  during  ^vhicll 
time  he  had  great  opportunities  of 
purchasing  many  excellent  pictures 
ef  the  best  masters  of  the  Italian 
«chool ;  and  as  he  spared  no  expense, 
and  receivetl  much  assistance  from 
iris  brother,  who  was  consul-general 
at  Venice  and  Leghorn,  he  was 
€nabl(xi  to  make  one  of  ihc  most 
genuine  and  capit:d  collections  in 
this  kingdom.— Mr.  Udny's  inten- 
tkjn  was  to  form  a  complete  school 
i<rr  painting,  in  aid  of  the  royal  aca- 
demy; and  he  has  left  directions 
|hat  his  collection  of  pictures  may 
not  he  lieparated,  but  be  kept  entire, 
and  be  disp').sed  of  to  the  royal  aca- 
demy, or  to  some  nobleman  or  gen- 
tleman '^hose  taste  and  opulence 


ra'crht  induce  and  enable  to  be 
purchasers  of  so  magnificent  a 
net  of  pictures.  As  Air.  I7dn; 
one  of  the  most  eminent  connoii 
and  encouragers  of  the  arts,  x 
as  c.  man  of  ^i  eat  hospitality,  i 
the  inttntirn  of  n^ any  amateiu 
roval  academicians  to  show 
respr  ct  to  Ills  memor)--,  by  atte 
Y'la  funeral  >  Jbut,  on  openin; 
will,  it  appears  that  his  remah 
directed  to  be  interred  at  his  1 
vault  in  Scotland. 

21st.  The  nmich-estecmec 
celebrated  Mr.  Aitlmr  O'EiCai 
parted  this  life  at  the  bouse 
particular  friend  (the  widow  < 
late  highly  respected  general  Jj 
Smith),  where  he  was  on  a 
from  the  moment  of  his  aiiival 
Paris,  which  was  a  tew  dayspr 
ing  his  death. 


FEBRUARY. 

I  St.  It  is  now  exactly  fonrxn 
since  tlie  preliminary  artid 
peace  with  France  were  signi 
lord  Hawkesbury,  yet  tlie  ral 
tion  tlicreof  is  still  withheld. 
what  to  attribute  this  delajr 
public  is  totally  at  a  loss,  but  i 
seen  with  astonishment,  in  ihL 
accountable  interval,  an  inm 
armament  dispatched  by  Franc 
the  West  Indies;  a  circums 
entirely  new  in  diplomatic  hut 

2d.  The  following  defence  c 
conduct  of  the  gallant  sir  £d 
Hamilton,  tlie  glorious  recapfe 
the  Hermione,  and  who  was  ! 
dismissed  tlic  service  on  a  char 
ciiielty  to  his  gunner,  has  appe 
and  which  wc  most  gladly  g 
place  to. 


CHRONICLE. 


58^ 


f  the  letter  of  admirals  Mi  tch- 
i^ole,'  rf.-.d  Collingwoodj  re- 
ingtlie  inquiries  which  tliey 
I  concerning  tliccirciinistances 
h  produced  the  c:our  I -martial. 

His  Mtijestifs  ship  Trent,  at 
Spitlieud,  Jan.  I7,  1S02. 
Sir, 

I  pursuance  of  your  order  of 
ay's  date,  we  have  been  on 
lis  majesty's  ship  Trent,  and 
iide  a  very  minute  and  parti- 
nqtiiry  into  the  circumstances 
nted  in  the  letter  from  Mr. 
n  Boy/man^  gunner  of  his 
r's  ship  the  Trent,  to  Evan 
1,  esq.  secretary  of  the  admi- 
)earing  date  the  1 1th  January 

ad  we  find  captain  sir  Edward 
ton  had  given  very  particular 
3ns  to  tlxe  first  lieutenant,  on 
ng  out  of  the  ship  on  Saturday, . 
1  inst.  at  nine  o'clock,  A.  M. 
ity),  that  the  guns  and  car- 
should  be  run  in,  washed,  and 
d  5  and  on  returning  on  board, 
nd  the  guns  and  carriages  on 
arter-deck  not  cleaned  to  his 
ation^  on  which  he  reprimand- 
gunner,  and  ordered  him  to 
\  up  in  the  main  rigging,  with 
len  of  his  crew,  where  he  re- 
i  about  an  hour.     And  on  his 
ition,  the  surgeon  (who  was 
talking  the  quarter-deek)  went 
captain,  and  the  gunner  was 
aken  clown  from  the  rigging. 
urgeon  reports,  on  tlie  gim- 
>eing  taken  down,  he  fell  into 
ms  of  the  man  who  cast  him 
le  appeared  to  be  agitated  with 
.erable  tremor,  from  cold ;  he 
ppeared  to  be  faint,  which  the 
)n  thought  at  the  time  to  be 
A. 

We  herewith  enclose  the  gun- 
ietter,  and  have  the  honour  to 


be,  sir,  your  most  obet^ent  humbl* . 
servants, 

''  (Signed)     A.Mitchell. 
Ch.  M.  Pole. 
C.CollingwoodL 
'*  Mark  Milbank,  esq.  admiral 
of  the  white,  commander 
in  chief,  &c.  &:c.  itc" 

The  insurrection  at  GuadalonpCp 
we  are  sony  to  hear,  continues  to 
rage   with    increased   fiiry,  to  the 
great   detriment  of  English  com- 
merce, some  of  our  merchant  ships 
having  been  captured  by  the  priva- 
teers from  that  island.     The  leader 
of  the  rebels  is  a  mulatto,  named 
Pelage,  formerly  a  slave  at  Marti- 
nique. In  1792,  when  Lacrosse;  the 
exiled  commander  ii^  chief,  instigated 
the  negroes  to  rise  against  tlieir  mas- 
ters. Pelage  assassinated  his  mistress, 
that  he  might  plunder  her  treasures-  ' 
— In    the    next    disturbances    he  • 
commanded   a   company  of  mulat- 
toes.     He   afterwards  enjoyed  the 
confidence    of   Rochambeau,    and 
defended    with    the  greatest  cou- 
rage one  of  the  redoubts  of  the  foit 
Bourbon,  when  the  English  attacl&ed 
it.    According  to  the  last  advices, 
the  negroes  were  on  tlieevc  of  join- 
ing the  mulattoes,  and  a  great  cott- 
vulsion  was  apprehended. 

5  th.  A  deputation  of  the  prio- 
cipal  inhabitants  of  Malta  has,  ar- 
rived in  London.  The  object  of 
their  mission  is,  to  put  their  coiinjtrf 
under  the  protection  and  government 
of  his  majesty :  no  doubt  can  exist 
but  that  this  overtui'e  will  be  accept- 
ed by  his  majesty's  ministers,as  some 
small  equipmse  to  the  sovereignty  of 
Italy,  which  the  first  consul  has 
acquired  since  the  preliminari^  of 
peace  were  sigued.  .  . 

7th.  Important  intelligence,  bai 
just  arrived  fVora  Lyons,  whidk 
states,    that  Bonaparte,  in  conijdi-i 

ance 

1 


S6(y        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1804. 


anrewitii  fhr  earnest  solicitation?  of 
thr  consnlfa,  has  acct-ptcl  ihc  office 
of  prrsidri'it  or  supri^mc  director  of 
the  iif.M  ly  const! tut cil  Itnlinn  repub- 
lic. He  has  onh/  :\c(i'A)tf*A  this  office 
for  ten  years,  with  a  salary  of 
500,000  livrcs  per  ann.  but  is  in- 
definitely reeligiblc  to  tliis  sove- 
Tcitrnt^' ! ! ! 

At  tl)e  end  of  Novennber,  Tous- 
saint's  relation  (second  in  command) 
re\'olted  against  him  at  the  Cape,  and 
massacred  about  300  whites.  Toiu- 
luiint  immediately  marched  against 
bim  from  tlie  south,  and  made  him 
prisoner:  he  was  instantly  shot  at 
the  mouth  of  tlie  cannon,  as  were 
several  other  commandants  who 
were  inimical  to  him.  Toussaint  is 
said  to  have  amassed  an  immense 
property;  his  treasury  at  Port-au- 
Frince  only  is  said  to  contain  forty 
millions  of  dollars,  lie  has  levied 
it  duly  of  twenty  per  cent,  on  all 
"  imports  and  exports.  —  He  was  aware 
of  the  expedition  coming  against  him 
fri)m  France,  which  he  was  deter- 
mined to  nrsist  in  landing.  He  has 
upwards  of  sixty  thousand  gfX)d  dis- 
eif)lined  troops  under  his  command. 
The  gTe:itest  regularity  is  observed 
on  the  island :  every  negro  seen 
idling  is  taken  up  and  sent  to  his 
own  ])lantation,  where  he  is  obliged 
to  wwrk,  and  one  quarter  of  the  pro- 
duce is  allowed  them  for  their  labour, 
;ind  they  arc  found  to  work  much 
better  than  when  in  slavery.  Tous- 
saiiit  is  much  beloved,  particularly 
by  the  whites.  He  entirely  main- 
tains his  old  master,  who  now  re- 
side >  at  Philadelphia  in  great  style  : 
he  allows  him  3000  dollars  per 
mc;:jlh.  They  are  v/ell  supplied 
with  all  kinds  of  provisions  aiul  am- 
munition. 

Adn)iral  Gantheaume  has  sailed 
from  Toulon,  v.ith  five  ships  of  the 
Jixjc,  iome  frigates  and  a  lax^c  con^ 


voy  of  transports,  provisioiui  Ifaj  ? 
military  stores,  fcrr  the  island  of  St*  "j 
Domingo.  * 

8th. Between  two  and  three  o'clock 
one  of  the  Margate  hoys,  belongioc 
to  Air.  Sackett,  heavily  laden  witE 
corn,  \^  hich  was  stowed  both  in  thd 
hold  and  on  deck,  and  thirty  passen^ 
gers   on   board,    beside  tlie  crew, 
consisting  of  the  master  and  fyat ' 
seamen,  was  overtaken  by  the  xio^'i.' 
lent  gusts  of  wind,  l>etwecn  Biicb  • 
ington     and    Recnlver;     she   fiilt 
unshipped  her  rudder  on  the  saQd^'> 
when  becoming  unmanageable  sha 
kept  continually  shipping  the  matt- 
heavy  seas,  and  was  carried  by  tbd- 
violence  of  the    surf  towards  tbii< 
beach  ^    at  this  awful  p^od  she- 
kept  rolling  and  pitching,  and  tbfl,, 
crew,  from  tiieir  wish,  if  possibl^^  -, 
to  preserve  the  lives  of  the  passen^ 
gcrs,  particularly  those  of  the  womeo  i 
and  children  who  were  on  boaidi-, 
baiTed  down  the  hatchways.  SbQrtlf  > 
after  this  the  vessel  struck  on  tto"^ 
beach,  and  fiHed,  a  tremendons  set- 
bre;iking  over  her  in  ,all  directions, 
which  washed  nearly  the  whole  -cf 
those    u[Kn\  deck    overboard,  and,?, 
dreadful  to  relate,  twenty-five  pefr'; 
sons,  consisting  of  men,    'womeii», 
and  children,  arc  said  to  liave  perisb"  j 
ed.     In  tlie  course  of  Sunday,  ikt^ 
Ixxlies  of  nine  of  the  sufterers  ti'crt' 
thrown  upon  the  sliore,  and  fburteea-: 
bodies  luive  been  taken  out  of.  lirf 
cabin  of  the  hoy.     Had  it  been  dxi*i 
light,  it  is  possible  many  inore  li^ ' 
migiit  have  been  saved,  but  thedlric!^ 
ness  of  die  night  added  to  the  cal*?: 
mity.   Amongst  the'sufFcrers  areSACi! 
Jolui  Go(3dburn,  the  master,  whoV' 
supposed  to  ha\  e  received  a  blow  C^ ; 
the  temple  from  'the  boom;    Mt. 
Thornton,  carpenter,  of  Maigalv 
w  ith  his   wife  and  sou,   whpm  JlCt 
was  taking  up  to  town  toputout^ 
prentice,  aud^   sorry  vc  axetD'sa/f 


•] 


CHRONICLE. 


3C7 


ivc  left  iix  Grplidiis  at  Mar- 
»  lament  their  untimely  eiid. 
>hc,   carpenter,  of  Margate  j 
fe  of  Mr.  Jacob,   of  Broad- 
the  widow  Crow,    of  Mar- 
Mrs.  Tatnall,  \vifc  of   Mr. 
,    at  The    Lord  Nelson    at 
ate;  and  a  servant  girl,  with  a 
mder  her  care,  witli  whom 
as   returning  to  town.     The 
ho  were  saved  iascended  tlie 
5;    amongst  these  was  Mr. 
3,   of  tfie    library  at  Broad- 
Nothing   could  present    a 
iwful  spectacle  than.tiie  re- 
arrival  at  Margate,   on  Sun- 
f  various  carriages  with  the 
of    die  sufferers    from    the 

The  right  honourable  Mr. 
d  was  this  day  declared  chan- 
>f  Ireland,  ii>  the  room  of  the 
rl  of  Clare. 

I.  The  right  honourable  Mr. 
t,  late  secretary  to  the  lord 
ant  of  Ireland,  was  tliis  day 
I  speaker  of  the  house  of  com- 
in  the  room  of  Mr.  Mitford. 
is  succeeded  in  his  Irish  situa- 
r  Mr.  Wickham. 
1.  As  Mr.  Dressing,  tJie  mes- 
,  was  on  his  last  journey  to 
is  Cornwallis,  he  was  alarmed, 
•  thp  night,  not  far  from  Bou- 
■  by  tli€  cries  of  the  pustboy, 
raljed  out  to  him  to''  fiic  1" 
orses  stopping  suddenly,  he 
I  pistol  out  of  each  window, 
ng  he  had  been  attacked  by 
aymcn  j  but  on  inquiry  he 
that  the  boy's  outcry  was  oc- 
fd  by  two  wolves,  one  of  which 
»ted  to  bite  his  leg,  but  was  pre- 

by  (lie  jack- boots  worn 
ench  postillions :  they  then 
leizcd  one  of  the  horses  by 
»sc,  and  had  (as  appeared  on 
lation)  torn  their  lips  off. 


Tlie  Monitour,  the  official  Frenck 
journal,  has  positively  denied '  that 
such  a  corps  existed  in  Egypt  as  jBo- 
?iaparte's  Invincibies  :  a  mean  at- 
tempt to  obscure  the  glory  of  our 
brave  tioops,  who  certainly  proved, 
on  the  ever-memorable  21st  of 
Marchj  tjiat  it  was  a  complete  mis- 
nom'tr.  With  respect  to  tlie  stan- 
dard, however,  they  concede  the 
point  J  they  allow  tliat  it  was  lost, 
but  say  it  should  not  have  beeii 
brought  into  tlie  field  on  that  day ! 

The  captured  standard,  according 
to  Reignier  (a  French  general,  and 
the  liistorian  of  ^hat  campaign)  wan 
that  of  the  twenty-first  demi-brigadc, 
and  covered  with  its  miUtary  cx*^ 
ploits  in  Italy. 

It  is  matter  of  sharp  controversy 
between  the  42d  Highlanders  and 
the  queen's  German  rsgiment,  Ui 
which  corps  the  glory  of  having 
taken  it  of  right  belongs  5  but  the 
best  authenticated  accounts  agree, 
that  Anthony  Lutz,  a  private  in  tlie 
latter,  brought  die  standard,  at  the 
close  of  the  battle,  to  the  adjutant- 
general,  for  which  he  received  a  gra- 
tification of  twenty  dollais,  and.  a 
certificate  of  the  fact.  Not  know- 
ing how  to  read  or  write,  he  could 
not  be  promoted  as  he  otherwise 
bhould,  and  as  his  brav>t:ry  merited. 

1 3 til.  The  follow ing  dreadful  ;icei- 
dent  happened  to  the  Sir  Edward  Ha- 
milton rice-ship,  capt.  Robertson, 
bound  to  Bengal ; — In  lat.  46.  44.  S. 
and  40.  E.  long,  she  \va»  struck  by 
lightning,  which  carried  away  the 
fore-top-gallant-mast,  shivered  tiic 
fore-lop-mast  and  fore-cap,  and 
went  through  the  deck  abreast  of 
tlie  fore-mast.  It  then  spread  below,' 
setting  fire  to  the  sailors*  hammocks, 
wrenching  all  the  iron  from  their 
chests,  and,  takings  direction  aft- 
into  the  cabin,  went  ofi'  among  tli« 

arms 


S68'       ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


arms  which  were  in  that  part  of  the 
ship  with  a  t'i(.-j;lful  explosion.  Cap- 
tj::  Robertsor  ;:..!  the  crew,  who 
f.;'-:i:.j«:r-y'  w.  i.j  on  deck  furling 
c.  :',  £.;:!  y\\  h\o\\\i.i::.:  !■  iricanc  at 
tl:-;^  yiiri-.i.it),  thoi.ijiiV  i'h-  ship 
I:' *v'i}  i::; ;  but  !:e  sm:  kc  and  sul- 
y":  r..  u..-i  .  j!  i..-'.  :i.t'.  ■i.ljiidcu,  they 
i  )Vii\\ ;  i.  ■  \v  fj ,  -.t -i. «:.  •  'VC  the  waves, 
£i''y  l.-y  limi.jy  a:  u  ^pirittd  ext:r- 
tif.!:^.  'iuy  \\ere.MXi.L?>fL:l  in  extin- 
j:  irthiny:  the  flames.  1  lie  gale,  dur- 
ing vLich  this  alarming  aec!dcnt 
Lijpi  eiied,  lasted  for  some  da}  s .  and 
"Was  iiiicoinmonly  se\erc. 

15ii:.  Parma, Plac£m la,  Guastalla, 
and  a  part  of  Pietlmont,  are  tu  be 
incorporated  wiih  » lie  new  Italian  re- 
public Ihis  addition  to  its  ex- 
tent and  power  will  ciihC  it  to 
ra::k  high  among  the  primi.  / 
states  of  Eiirope ,  a:.d  when  we 
a.nsider  that  it  is  pinced  ui'.di-.r 
tlie  government  and  direction  of 
France,  ;.nd  under  the  same  ma^teo 
"we  nj'.iy  easii)',  in  such  an  ammge- 
ment,  discover  tlie  germ  of  future 
dissension  and  warfare. 

17th.  An  action  was  brought  by 
Mr.  Huguenin,  a  peiii:mer,  in  part- 
nership wiih  Mr.  Bourgeois,  in  the 
Haymarkct,  against  (olunel  Thorn- 
ton, for  an  assault. 

It  appeared  that  tlic  defendant  had 
formerly  owed  tlie  plainiili  a  sum  of 
money,  \^hich,  by  die  subsequent 
«aleof  St  veial  articles  of  peiliunery, 
amounted  to  8/.  1  he  ])laintiif  wait- 
ed upon  the  defendant  at  his  lodg- 
ings in  Cockspur-strect  for  pay- 
ment. 1  he  defendant  admitted  the 
chanj^e  for  the  articles  last  sold,  but 
refused  to  pay  for  the  former.  The 
plaini.lf  insisted  upon  payment  ibr 
his  whole  bill  j  upon  which  tlie  de- 
fendant struck  him  a  very  violent 
blow  in  the  face.     The  piaintitf  was 


extremely  hurt,  and  a  surgeon  vm 
obliged  to  be  sent  for,  who  found 
him  severely  cut,  and  the  bkxxl 
flowing  copiously.  He  dressed  and 
bound  up  the  woui\d  j  after  which 
the  plainiifl  agf.in  went  to  colond: 
Ihorrton,  who  expressed  his  sorrow 
lor  what  he  had  done,  and  ofl^ered  to 
pay  the  whole  bill.  The  parties  then' 
shock  hands,  and  the  defendant  said, 
he  hoped  there  was  an  end  of  the  ,, 
Lu-jiness.  1  he  plaintiff  rep. led  there 
was,  provided  the  defenchnt  would 
pay  the  surgeon's  bill.  This  the  de- 
fendant absolutely  refused  ;  in  con* 
sequence  of  w  hich  the  present  action 
was  brought. 

The  case  w^as  proved  exactly  up  to 
the  above  statement,,  and  jihc  jurf 
found  a  verdict  for  tlie  plaintiff.—^ 
Damages  30/. 

Accounts  from  Sierra  Leone,dated 
the  1 21I1  day  of  December  last,  give 
tlie  most  melancholy  statements, of  . 
the  situation  of  that  colony;  itM 
been  attacked  by  tlie  natives,- wIk)  ■ 
fought  with  tlie  greatest  fury  and  re- 
solution }  diey  were  however  repnb* 
ed  with  great  loss ;  but  the  govtfr. 
nor  and. every  white  rtian  in  the  set- 
tlement were  w  ounded.  llie  black 
tr(X)ps  stood  Arm,  and  saved  tiC 
w  hole ;  the  Canadians  suffered  cbn-' 
siderably;  and  the  informant  4ddl|-, 
that  they  were  in  liouily  expectatioii 
of  a  fresh  assault,  ^nd  troubled  fi* 
tlic  conse(iuences. 

Miller,  alias  Bower,  one  of  thtf 
mutineers  and  murderers  of  the  Her* 
mione,  has  been  tried  at  Portsmoodi. 
on  bixird  tlie  Gladiator,  and  convict- 
ed.   He  is  adjudged  to  be  hanged* 

20th.    vOur    naval  warfare  wilT, 
most  probably  close  with  an.  account 
of  a   most  brilliant  and  daring  at- 
chie.vement  in  the  East  Indies,  h/ 
captam  Charles  Adam>  ^of  his  majes- 


] 


CHRONICLE; 


S6& 


Hgatc  La  Sybllle,  and  son  of 
aiii  Adam,  esq.  of  Liiicolii's- 
elds^  the  particulars  of  v/hich 
St  received  in  the  following  let- 
oni  Bonabay,  dated  Oct.  8th, 

• 

Advices  were  received  on  the 
ist.  from  Madras,  dated  the22d 
tating  the  capture  of  the  French 
lai  frigate  La  Chiftronne,  of  42 

by  his  majesty's  ship  La  Sy- 
captain  Adam,  on  the  19th  of 
ist,  at  the  Sevchelles,  after  a 
2d  conflict  of  nineteen  minutes. 
te  letters  mention  the  gallant 
■  Lour  of  capt.  Adam,  in  boldly 
ng  into  tlie  harbour  under 
:h  colours,  notwithstanding  the 
wness  of  its  entrance,  and  other 
al  difficulties,  until  he  came 
n  half  a  musket  shot  of  tlie 
ly,  who  was  moored  across,  and 
ided  by  the  battery  of  four 
'c  pounders  on  shore,  from 
h  red-hot  shot  were  fired  during 
ction  5  fortunately  none  of  .tliem 
led  La  Sybille.  Our  loss  is  one 
killed,  two  wounded ;  that  of 
nemy,  26  killed,  30  wounded. 
:o  be  regretted  tliat  most  of  the 
of  the  Chiffronne  escaped  on 
;.  It  appears  that  this  frigafe 
1  from  Nantz  the  14th  of  April 

convicts,  to  the  number  of 
y,  under  sentence  of  banishment 
being  concerned  in  the  plot 
1st  Bonapcirte.  La  Chiffronne 
ared,  on  the  lytli  of  May,  a  Por- 
ese  frigate  armt  en  flute,  and 
Bellona,  of  Calcutta,  on  the  1  D'tli 
une  -y  tlie  former  of  these  ships 
liberated  after  all  the  gams  were 
wn  overboard  and  stores  taken 

the  latter  escaped  tlic  vigilance 
ur  cruisers,  and  amved  safe  at 
Mauritius. 

La  Chiifronnc  is  represented  as 
5  a  new  ship,  copper-bottomed, 
a  remarkable  fast  sailer/* 
OL.  XLIY. 


•  i»  •  -  t 

Mr.  Mannef$'  Sutton^,  solicitor  gC7 
neral  to  the  prioceof  Wales,  laid  a 
st:itement  of  the. situation  of  his 
royal  highness  before  the  iiouse  of 
commons,  with  respect  to  his  claim? 
on  its  justice,  for  tlie  arrears  due  to 
him  from  the  dutchy  of  CornwaH> 
and  other  revenues  proceeding  ti-oai 
it,  which  have  hitherto  been  with- 
held, and  which,  if  appropriated  to 
the  use  of  his' royal  highness,  would 
enable  him  to  reassiime  his  establish- 
ments, and  satisfy  his  creditors.  He 
was  followed  on  the  same  side  by 
Mr.  Fox  and  Mr.  Pitt,  who  fully 
coincided  with  him  in  the  fairness  qf 
the  statement.  Sec. ;  and  tlie  papers 
relating  thereto  were  referred  to  a 
committee  of  twciity-one  of  the 
members  of  the  house.        .  • 

The  li:>t  of  the  royal  navy,  at  pre- 
sent, is  as  follows:  Admirals,  138^ 
post-captains,  537  3  ;  commanders, 
"412  ; .  lieutenants,  2394. 

This  morning,  W.  Miller  was  ex- 
ecuted on  board  the  Retribution,  at 
Spitliead,  pursuant  to  his  sentence, 
for  being  concerned  in  tlie  mutiny  on 
board  the  Hermione  frigate.  .  It  is  a 
singular  circumstance  that  he  was  ex- 
ecuted on  board  die  very  ship  wher* 
he  committed  tlie  crime  for  which  ho 
suffered 

Nappcr  Tandy  has  at  length  been 
liberated  from  his  confinement,  and 
was  to  embark  forBourdeaux,  in  or- 
dei*  to  reside  in  France.  His  liber- 
ation is  reported  to  have  been  ef-  ' 
fected  in  consequence  of  an  applica- 
tion made  by  tlie  French  plenipo- 
tentiaiy  at  Amiens  to  that  effect. 
He  travelled  from  Lifibrd  by  a  cir- 
cuitous route,  and  arrived  at  Wick- 
low  escorted  by  a  party  of  light 
dragoons. 

24th.  *^  The  queen  Ann's  farthing, 

advertised  to  be  disposed  of  in  Pall- 

mall,  proves  to  be  an  original.  There 

were  only  two  coined  In  that  queen'a 

B  b  xeigB^ 


STO 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


rri^n,  and  not  t^ree,  as  hadbr '.ner- 
rcnT'ou-l"  stated,  l  hat  which  was 
if'li  by  tl.t'  serjear.t  frcin  Chatham 
for  406/.  was  purchased  b\'  a  iipble 
vijrcunt,  curious  in  h^i  selection  of 
coins,  &c.  Seven  hundred  guineas 
'was  the  price  asked  for  tht  one  ad- 
;irc4tiiie.i  la*»t  week.  Five  hundred 
was  ont:red  for  it,  and  refused.  The 
owner  lives  at  Lynn,  in  Norn^Jk 
The  offer  was  made  by  the  son  ni  a 
baronet,  who  wants  to  complete  his 
collection." 

Such  was  the  attention  excited  by 
the  above  paragraph,  in  common 
witli  many  others  of  the  same  ten- 
dency, that  the  fact  gained  universal 
credit ;  nor  was  it  till  somr  time*  I^id 
elapsed  that  it  was  found  that  tiie 
whole  was  a  fabrication,  iniended 
cithe'-  to  impose  ui)on  the  credulity 
of  I  he  public,  or,  v  hich  i-  the  more 
likely  conjecture,  to  ei^MnivT  the 
value  of  such  a  coin  to  the  :  old  r, 
who  was  doubtlrss  a  partv  tc-  rhe  de- 
ception. Mr.  Leake,  v  hnsc  nulho- 
rity  niMst  be  decisive  on  the  .-r.bjcct, 
in  hi-  Histor)'of  P^nglish  M.^nev,sav=., 
that  during  the  reign  of  qut 'n  Arne 
there  u.'fre  somcfiu-  ofii^-r  half  pence 
anti  farthings  anmdj  and  gives  a  de- 
scription of  them,  p-ge  ip.5,  400. 
I-ond.  fMlit.  1745.  From  lirs  ac- 
count it  should  >crm  f^at  tlif»  half- 
p^nc?-  pre  as  rare  as  the  fardiings, 
and  that  neither  are  so  much  so  .ns  to 
bear  any  extraonhnnry  p»-icr :  in 
f  rcl  tv/o  of  the  latter,  induhifably  ge- 
jiiiine,  were  not  Inno;  since  s'.>iii  i'>  a 
wcll-Known  oolltition,  and  not  :'p- 
preciatrd  at  morc^  th.Hi  n  guii'.ea  c  :i:^h. 

Dul.in.  On  the  ist'h,  a  Mrs. 
Euitac^*  and  her  sei  v-jnt-nuid  were 
both  barbanuNlv  mnrrierrd,  b-i^lw-en 
tri\  and  eleven  o'clock  at  nidt.  Ihis 
untbrtunatc  wtmian,  who' lived  at 
Xo.  p,  PLter's-row,  it  ap;>e:irs,  had 
«ent  her  maid  for  some  porter,  who. 


cnteiing  the  house,  foimd  her  mis- 
tress murdered  in  the  parlour :  the 
cirl  was  tl»en  attacked,  and  dispatch^ 
ci  also.  A  Mr.  El  wood,  an  elderly 
Cicrg>raan,  who  lodged  in  tl:e  upper 
part  of  the  house,  hearing  the  shrieks 
cf  I  he  maid,  came  down  stairs,  and 
fcundbc'h  mistress  and  maid  welter- 
ing in  tiieir  blood  in  a  state  shocking 
t»)  he  described.  A  young  man, 
nej^hew  to  Mrs.  Eustace,  ii'ho  dieted 
and  lodged  in  the  house,  has  been  ap- 
preho'iVJed  on  suspicion  and  lodged 
in  Peter's  watch-house.  It  does  not 
ajipcar  that  the  house  was  robbed  of 
any  one  article  of  value. 

The  long-df 'pending  litigation  bc- 
tvetn  the  creditors  of  Drur^'-lane 
theatre  and  the  proprietors  tbbreofj 
was  this  diy  terminated  to  the  sadft- 
f act  ion  of  all  parties,  the  lord  chan- 
cel ior  ha  vine  made  a  final  order, 
which  is,  thii  the  claimants  are  to  be 
paid  bv  a  nisl-tlv  reservation  on  the 
pronis,  at'ier  paying  the  current  ex- 
pense of  that  night. 

An  attempt  was  made  to  destiOT 
the  town  ot  Li^stnn,  in  New  England, 
by  fire,  w  htrn  several  buildings  were 
consumed,  and  a  grejt  many  lives 
were  encarigered.;  but  the  only  suf; 
fe»er  proved  to  be  a  child  about  four 
years  old,  who  had  been  put  to  bed  in 
the  uppr  part  of  a  house  w  hich  wai 
con  su }  ned .  On  I  lie  following  even- 
!!ig  a  still  mv.re  desperate  attempt 
w^s  made  t^r  the  dcs miction  of  thie 
citv  bv  ftiriv  darii^s;  inccndiaries,whb 
>'.'i  if  on  fire  in  fuur  ditlcrent  parts; 
but  a  prompt  supply  of  water  and 
«'no;i.t>  had  Ix-en  kept  ready  in, con- 
s»  t]uence  cf  combustibles  baying 
been  for. nd  in  various  parts  of  the 
town.  a:.d  their  p'. an  was  happily  de- 
feated, thov.sTt'.  virrv  considerable  da- 
mau''  wa^  fi.>i;e.  A  person  hasbetai 
apprthtndvd  c-u  -Ju-^picion  of  being 
one  of  the  incen  ii lilies. 

h 


CHRONICLE. 


•S71 


In  tlie  court  of  king's  bench,  Mr. 
Foster  brotisrht  an  action  as;ainst  Miss 
Mellish.  .'J 'he  plaintiif  in  tJiis  case 
is  a  surgeon  and  apothcjoary  at  High- 
gate  ;  the  defendant  a  yoiuig  lady  of 
tiie  most  elegant  accompli shnients 
and  beautifnl  persoii.  The  action 
was  brought  to  lecover  a  compensa- 
tion in  damages  for  the  injury  tlie 
plaintiff  had  sustained,  in  conse- 
quence of  Miss  Mellish's  refusal  to 
perform  a  promise  which  she  made 
to  marry  the  plaintitF.  It  appeared, 
in  tlie  course  of  the  trial,  that  the 
plaintiiFwas  introduced  to  the  ac- 
quaintance of  the  young  lady  by  the 
means  of  a  family  with  whom  he 
was  in  the  habits  of  friendship,  and 
at  whose  house  she  was  on  a  visit 
about  two  years  since.  Miss  Mel- 
lish  being  under  age,  and  entitled  to 
a  considerable  fortune,  was  under 
the  protection  of  her  two  brothers, 
gentlemen  of  the  greatest  respecta- 
bility, who,  on  being  informed  that 
the  plaintiff  paid  his  addresses,  for- 
bade him  the  acquaintance  of  then* 
sister,  and  he  promised,  upon  the 
honour  of  a  gentleman,  that  he  would 
noturi^e  his  suit  acrainst  their  incli- 
nation  ;  the  acquaintance  was  tlien 
for  a  short  time  broken  otf,  and  tlie 
plainiilTpaid  his  addresses  to  a  young 
Jady  in  his  neighbourhood,  bfit  was 
discharged  the  house  of  licr  father 
from  some  circamstanccs  in  his  style 
of  hving  which  did  not  mtct  with 
his  approbation.  On  this  he  found 
means  to  renew  hit  former  profes- 
sions k)  Miss  MHlish,  a^id  so  far  in- 
gratiated himself  iiito  her  favour 
again,  as  to  obtain  a  promise  that 
jihe  would  marry  liim  on  the  12th  of 
Decembei*  last.  Previr^us  to  this 
day  an  aiionymous  letter  was  reeeived 
by  Miss  Meliish,  whi(^h  induced  her 
to  think  the  plaintilY  liad  trei^tcd  her 
unworthily,  and  she  -therefore  re*- 
j^ted  hun,  in  consequence  of  which 
i»  brought  hiii  acUv^n  for  the  failure 


of  hfer  promise,  estiraatipg  hi$  da* 
mages  at  1-0,000/.  After  a  long  and 
minute  investigation  of  tlic  evjiSsjice 
on  each  side, -the  jury  retired  ^r  4 
short  time,  and  returned  a-  ver- 
dictforthe  plaintiff— Damages  200^ 
The  trial  lasted  till  ten  o'clock  at 
night. 

•  General  Claude  Mart:n>  who  lately 
died  at  Lucknow,  in  the  East  Indies, 
has,  by  his  last  will,  and  testament, 
bequeadied  the  imniense;snm  of  six, 
hundred  thousand  Sicc^  rupce»  ia 
various  pensions  and  legacies.  Tha 
bulk  of  the  geueral's  fortune  is  said 
to  amount  to  thirty-eight  lacks  o£ 
rupees,  tlie  whole  of  which,  with 
few  exceptions,  is  appropriated  to 
charitable  purposes.  The  total,  in 
sterling  money  is  475,000/./ 

Died. — On  "VVednesday  morning, 
the  2d  of  tliis  month,  at  his  house 
in  Brook-street,  Hanover-square, 
tlie  right  honourable  Welbore  Ellis, 
LL.  D.  F.  R.  S.  baron.  Mendip  in 
S(;mcrsetshire,  and  a  trustee  of  the. 
British  museum.  His  Lordship  was 
a  yomigcr  son  of  the  right  reverend 
doctorj^llis,who  was  bishop  of  Meatk 
in  Ireland,  at  the  same  time  that  his- 
brother,  an  uncle  of  tlie  deceased 
lord,who  had  embraced  tlie  Roman 
catholic  religion>  and  followed  tlie 
fortunes  of  the  Pretender,  enjoyed 
an  ecclesiastical  dignity  of  simil»r 
rank  in  Italy.  Mi*.  Ellis  was  edu- 
cated at  Westminster  school,  and 
was  adijiitted  a  king's  scholar  on  tiiej 
foundation  of  that  antient  seipii^ary, 
in  tlie. year  1728,  .being  then  four- 
teen years  of  age  j  from  whcaf:e  he 
^as  elected,  in  1732,  to  a  studetit* 
sliip  at  Christ-cl)iurGh,  Oxford,  He 
resided  at  the  university  for  some 
y^axs  after  tiiis  raatrieulation,  %nd 
proceeded  regularly  to  his  (Jegrsc* 
of  bachelor  and  master  gf.  art*.  In 
a. short;  tiwc  after  .qulvtiDg  the  x\n\^ 
versity,  he  co^iC  into  parll^iniint, 
ai4-in  the  jreai"  i7^J,  he  was  &p- 
B  Jj  2  pointed 


372         ANNUAL  REGISTER,     1802. 


pointed  a    lord   of  the    admiralty 
under  Mr.  Pelham's  administration, 
succeed! Tig  to  that  situation  in   tJic 
room  of  Mr.  George  Grenvillc,  the 
father  of  tlic   present   manjuis   of 
Backingham,  who  was  promoted  tb 
a  seat  at  tlie  treasury  board.    Mr. 
Kllis   continued  in  this  office  after 
Mr.  Pelham's  death  in  1754,  when 
the  duke  of  Newcastle  succeeded  to 
the  first  station  in  the  ministry,  until 
Decembe"  1755,   when  he  resigned 
his  seat  at  the  admiralty,  and  be- 
came a  vice- treasurer  of  Ireland .  He 
enjoyed  this  situation,  notwithstand- 
ing the  unsettled    state  of  panics 
during  the  intermediate  time,   until 
December  1763,  and,  in  ly&J,  was 
appointed  secretary  at  war,  on  ]Mr. 
Georsce  Grenville's    becominsr  first 
lord  of  the  treasury.     On  tlie  dis- 
solution of  Mr.  Grenville's  ministry 
in  17^5,  when  tlie  marquis  of  Rock- 
ingham  succeeded  to  the  helm  of 
government,  Mr.  Ellis  resigned  tlie 
office  of  secretary  at  war,  and  re- 
sumed his  former   appointriient  as 
vice-treasurer  of  Ireland,  in  whicJi 
he  continued  until  October  in  the 
foHowing  year,  when  his  resignation 
made  room  for  the  present  colonial 
Barre.    In  the   August    preceding, 
the  duke  of  Grafton  had  superseded 
ioi  d  Itockmgham  in  the  premiersliip, 
and,  during  the  administration,  Mr. 
Ellis  held  no  office ;   but  he  continu- 
ed, nevertheless,  to  give  a  warm  and 
deiive  supjwrt  to  government,  as  ap- 
pc^ars  from  the  letters  of  Jimius,  in 
which,  on  several    occasions,    Mr. 
Ellis's  name  is  treated  with  consider- 
able   disrespect  J    but    the     day    of 
political  prejudice,  as  to  ihose  tr.ins- 
actions,  is  now  past,  and  the  vimlent 
abuse  of  that    political   \vritcr   no 
hiii^er  fixes  a  sLigina   or  reproach. 
On  tiie  accession  o{  lord  North  to 
the  ifirst  seat  at  the  treasury  board. 


in  1770,  Mr.  Ellis  ^"^n  again  ap- 
p")inied  a  vire-tr«isurer  of  Irclanct, 
which  situation  he  filled  until  1797» 
when  he  was  made  treasurer  of  thd 
n:i\7'.     At  the  close  of  lord  North'i 
mini^trv,  in  Februan'  1/83,  when  a 
change  was  universally  foreseen,  and 
iTumy  of  the  nieml>crs  of  administra- 
tion had  quitted  their  stations,  eitlnf 
from  apprelvension,  or  the  hope  d 
making  their  court  to  the  triumphant 
party,     Mr.  Ellis,   at    tlie    expresi 
desire  of  a  great  personage,  w*as  pre- 
vailed on  to  accept  the    office  of 
secretarv  of  state  for  the  colonies. 
His  stay  in  this  office  was  of  very  ' 
short  date,  lord  Rockingham  and  th«> 
opjx)sition   succeeding  lord    NortK 
and   his  friends    in   the   fbiloiring 
month.     This  was  tlie  last  political 
situation    which    Mr.    Ellis    filled. 
On  the  coalition  between  lord  North 
and  Mr.  Eox,  he  v.-a.s  one  of  the  few 
^»ld  friends  of  his  lordship  that  ad- 
dered  to  him :  and  thougii  he  suc- 
ceeded to  no  j)lace  in  the  miuistry 
which  followed  that    aiTangement, 
their  measures  met   with    his  fiill 
support  and   concurrence.      When 
jVIr.  Pitt  came  into  jx>wcr,  in  De- 
cember 1/83,  Mr.  Ellis  followed  the" 
foitime  of  his  friends  j  and  at  this 
period,  after  an  aclive  political  life 
of  44  velars,  he  saw  himself,  tor  the 
first  time,  in  opix)sition.     He  con- 
tinued steadily  to  support  the  mea- 
sures of  this  party,  until  tlie  schism 
which  took  place  in  1/93,  on  the 
subjtxrt  of  the  I'Vench  revolution  and 
the  late  wnr,  when  Mr.  Ellis,  whose 
principles     and   disposition  equally 
led  him  to  disapprove  of  the  con- 
duct of  the  French  rulers,  joined  with 
the  duke  of  Portland  and  Mr.  Burke 
in  iijiving  coimtcnance  to  die  system 
of  administration.  He  was,  howe^'cr, 
now  too  far  advanced  in-  years  to 
take  an  active  part  in  the  politics:  of  , 

the: 


CHRONICLE. 


373 


^iv^  and,  on  the  introduction  of 
lake  of  Portland  into  tlie  cabi- 
hie  was,  with  many  others  of  his 
;'s  friends,  created  a  peer  of  the 
r.  From  this  time  this  veteran 
•man  led  a  life  of  learned  ease 
lignified  retirement,  contenting 
cSf  with  tlie  society  of  his  pri- 
friends,  and  reaping  tlie  fruits 
jood  education  and  wefl-spent 
His  lordship  was,  through 
jf  an  active  and  diligent  turn  of 
,  a  correct  and  accurate,  though 
in  eloquent  speaker  in  pariia- 
;  and,  notwithstanding  his 
^ion  witli  so  many  administra- 
,  and  his  long  familiarity  witli 
,  of  spotless  and  irreproachable 
rity.  It  was  his  principle  in 
•al  to  support  the  measures  of 
nmentj   but  his  political  opi- 

weie  ever  consistent,  and  his 
3al  attachments  were  firm  and 
iken.  We  may  search  in  vain 
gh  his  long  life  for  any  derelic- 
of  principle,  or  any  abandon- 

of  connection.  His  loi*dship 
one  of  the  most  complete 
cal  scholars  of  the  age,  and 
i^cry  subject  one  of  the  best 
ned  men  j  and  the  library 
1  he  has  left  behind,  is  perhaps 
nost  numerous  and  valuable 
:e  collection  in.  the  kingdoip. 
ivate  life  his  virtues  were  not 
3  exceeded.  He  was  of  a 
Stic  disposition,  a  most  affec- 
:e  husband,  and  a  fatherly 
I  to  every  branch  of  his  family. 
Drdship  died  in  the  Spth  year  of 
ge^  and  is  succeeded  ih  his 
nd  estates  by  iiis  nephew,  lord 
mt  Clifden  of  Ireland,  the 
it  member  for  Heytesbury, 
)ix-in-law  of  the  duke  of  M^rl- 
igh. 


MARCH. 

l$t.  The  ratification  of  the  treaty 
of  peace,  with  France  is  still  with- 
held ! 

Government  have  at  length  receir* 
ed  an  offici?il  intimation  of  the  ac- 
cession of  the  cofint  of  Sweden  to 
the  convention  of  Petersburgh.  As 
the  accession  of  Denmark  had  pre- 
viously taken  place,  all  ditfcr- 
ences  bct\\'een  this  country  and  the 
powers  of  the  north  are  terminated. 

An  officer  -was  lately  killed  in  n" 
duel  ia  the  wood  of  Boulogne.   His ' 
name  was  Knoring,  a  Livonian  by 
birth,  and  he  had*  been  aid-de-canq> 
to  general  Oudinot.     His  adversary; 
is  an  Hanoverian  gentleman.    They' 
each  fired  four  times,  and  in  the  fifth 
shot  Knoring  received  the  fatai  ball 
in  his  heart.  He  is  extremdy  regretted* 
on  account  of  his  virtues  and  hia 
valour.     His  family  is  one  of  the 
noblest   and  jhost  powerftd  ii>  Li* 
vonia.    The  duel  was  caused  by  the 
revival  of  a  dispute  which  had  oc- 
curred between  the  parties  when  at 
college,  so  long  ago  as  fifteen  years. 

3d;  Two  actions  were  brought 
by  Mr.  Waddington,  in  the  coiut  ot 
common  pleas,  against  Messrs, 
Upton  and  Francis,  for  non-fulfil*' 
ment  of  contracts,  by  ^vhich  the 
defcjidants  had  agreed  to  sell  and  de-^ 
liver  to  the  phin tiff  the  produce  of 
several  ^icres  of  ground  planted  with 
hops,  at  a  certain  rate.  -  The  court* 
was  of  opinion  tliat  those  contracts 
M'cre  cakiilated  unfairly  to  enhance 
the  price  of  an  article  of  high  import- 
ance ;  and  the  jury  accordingly  gave 
in  both  cases  a  verdict  for  tlie  de- 
ff^ndant.  Mr.  Waddington  had  ten 
other  aptioits  of  a  simukr  nature  to 
9^b3  biing 


4m*.^lhA:  Va. 


374        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


bri  1 ". <r  u  n  v.-iT  ^    whirh  arc  c f  course 

dec :  .if'.;  by  thf s'j  vcrdlrtic. 

Mi".    ll-rk!'>  Lri'     nicuires,  wlj-rh 

well. — 'IV  ir.'jjr.inl:.s  brovj^iit  .-^fO 
guuicis  •,  i!ie  J^'j.iniiM  and  ct-ntaMr 
270:  the  l.ucniij.  bv  Guide;.  j'HO; 
tIi.?KiTiull  pir.c  '-'f  ;).il valor  ilus.i,  iOC* 
gnir.t-.is  J  aid  '  vtiy  ouirr  piciurr:  cf 
ccHjritv  ill  die  .sii!;c  p:T-t;..niMi. 

5lJi.  Jii  con>c;,i:cm.c-  r.i  d:sp.J.chrs 
from  the  n:;ji"(;ui.s  of  CGrn\v;:iii>, 
orders  V.ei-c  «i!it  oii'  lo  ?Iyri;ouili, 
Yarmouth,  ShccrntrDS,  and  Poris- 
rcouth,  to  virt.r.jl  rsiid  prepare  lor 
9ra  iiiiiTitd lately  rv\-r}'  sliip  of  war 
that  ill  itemed  li:  lor  tcrx'icc  :  they 
aieto bcprovisii>ri('d and  (quipped for 
five  mouilis,  and  to  put  to  i^z  w  !♦].  all . 
pOi 3 i hi c  ex peu 1 1  ioi i .  1  l:i*.se  fonv : d - 
al  e  aiid  eyJen^^ivc  preparations  arc 
rrnd'^rfd  uecessaiy  by  iLi-  bu^picicus 
conduct  of  our  iiivct.erate  adversary. 

6th.  Jfl  tlie  (Oiiri  of  kiiii^'s  ben(.h 
an  action  wis  brought,  Gornnan  r. 
Vinn,on  a  bill  of  exchange  for  12o/. 
5s,  The  defendant  is  an  ironmon>;er, 
and  had  purchased  50  dtjzt-n  of 
Burgundy,  at  ol.  per  dozen,  of  a  Mr. 
Videt.  Ij.'e  comract  was,  tijat  Viiiet 
was  to  take  half  the  vclue  of  die  Bur- 
gtindy  in  ijocd.s,  and  tJie  reniaiiuicr 
by  bill  at  four  inouths.  The  bill  be- 
came due  on  the  l4th  of  January, 
pievious  to  which  the  defendant 
waited  on  die  plainiiil',  ^vho  was 
the  hunafidc  holder,  re«i nesting  him 
to  renew  the  bill,  as  his  finances  were 
rather  -t.aitcncd  then:  he  refuFcd, 
and  in  a  few  days  the  defendant 
ga\c  l.im  nciice  he  should  not  pay 
it,  as  ux  v/ine  was  of  so  l:2d  a  quality 
th'iL  It  v/as  u::5::le-LIe.  Ihis  consu- 
t'ltfd  tlif.  defence  to  the  ?.eiicn.  Mr. 
Vidf.t,  ihfc  vender,  is  in  France.— To 
prove  the  defendant's  case,  several 
W'tnf^ses  were  celled :  from  their 
erifl/  nee  it  appeared  tliat  five  dozen 


fwt  of  the  fifiy  had  been  sold,  and 
t':rit  the  wine  was  not  drinkable.* 
Ihc  difeudiir.l  therefore  contended, 
\\i:x  he  A  as  net  liable  to  pay  the  biU 
ill  CjUt  at'.r.n,  rs  Videt  cos. traded  that 
the  wine  'ht.i.ld  be  of  a  C(X)d  quality^ 
aiul  r.ijrkeubie.  The  jury,  how- 
ev<  r,  hiuiid  a  verdict  for  li;e  plain* 

/[h.  The  lic-reditar)-  prince  of 
^)r.uire  i.>  r#/W  at  Paris,  and  has  re- 
ceived from  du"  fir^t  consul,  in  per- 
.son,  assurane OS  ol  the  interc;  t  which 
he  uke«s  in  the  cfiairs  of  the  house  cf 
Orange,  and  cf  his  liopcs  of  being 
shvirdy  enabkd  to  f/oeure  it  ample 
i ndem n i  fic . t : •  ,i .  <;  i  ii  G crn *:. uy  for  its 
lf#>fs  in  L-:^;.ium.  We  cmnothdp 
tl  inkii.g  d'.al  part  of  those  indem- 
:.:iies  will  i>e  made  good  out  uf  the 
Jiritlrh  purse. 

The  will  of  the  late  duke  of  Bed- 
ford (for  an  3ccoui:t  of  whose  death 
s;.c  ylit,  er.d  of  tl.'.^  n.onlh),  by  which 
he  bequeaths  h-^  rstiites  to  his  elder 
i- rotifer,  lo;  J  Juiii*  lU.>sel,  was  depo- 
bited  in  DocLui's-eouinions. 
(Copy.) 
"  I,  Francis  duke  cf  Bedford,  do 
give  all  my  per^onal  estate  to  my 
brother  lord  John  Uuss'l.  V\  itness 
my  hand,  this  '27 di  day  cf  Februaiy, 
Jb02. 

(L.S.)  "Bedford.". 

"  Signed,  >eaied,  and  de- 
1 1 \  ere  d ,  i n  pre,- 1 nee  o t  ui,  ^. 

V/illi.:m  Kerr, 
Prt'st.>n, 

'lhi;iiias  Parkci^.'* 
[Adiiiinistratier,  with  tlic  \itU 
aiiijexfd,  grant'.d  to  lord  Jtiha 
Ru-.-el,  the  natural  and  lawful  bro* 
ther,  one  of  the  next  of  kin,  and 
the  universal  legatee,  named  in 
the  said  will,  dated  5di  JMarch^ 
1902.] 

Another  short  will,  similar  to  the 
above,  ^^■as,  at  the  same  timcj  made 


CHRONICLE. 


SIS 


hj.hiB  grace,"  which  will  be  proved 
itt'the  court  of  chancery,   and  by 
which  he  bequeaths  the  whole  of  hrs 
real  estate  also  to  his  brother  lord 
John,  declaring  him,  of  course,  the 
sole  heir  to  the  whole  of  his  property. 
A  melancholy  accident  happened 
in  a  street   called  Pcrkins's-rcnts, 
Westminster.     A  large  old  house, 
inhabited  by  a  number  of  poor  fa- 
mi.  ies,  suddenly  fell  in,  about  half 
past  ten   o'clock,    with   a   horrible' 
crash,  which,  at  that  still  hour,  was 
heard  at  a  great  distance.     I'he  un- 
'^  fortunate  beings  wlio  were  thus  bu- 
ried alive,  it  appeared,  had  retired  to 
rest,  among  \^hom  where  many  chil- 
dren.    The  people  who  assembled, 
directed  by  their  cries  and  groans, 
immediately  set  about  removing  tlie 
rubbish,  and  cxtricatingr  t)ic  suffer- 
ers,   so    that  Vy    day-lii^ht   it   wrs 
thought  that  all,  or  nearly  so,  were 
dug  out  of  the  ruins,  some  miserably 
wounded,  and  some  dead.     Among 
the  dead  is  the  wife  of  a  soldier  in 
the   guards,   lately    returned    from 
Egypt,  of  tlie  name  of  Legget  j  he 
crept  out  of  the  ruins  himself,  and 
his  wife  ^^'as  following  him,  when  a 
beam  shifted  its  position,  fell  across 
her  neck,  and  killed  her.     In  the 
search,  her  husband  Vv-as  the  first 
tiiat  discovered  her.    An  old  man,  a 
child,  and  two  or  three  other  persons, 
were  taken  out  dend.     The  wound- 
ed   were    carried  to  the  Wciitmin- 
^ter  infirmar}-.      it   is   conjectured 
this  disaster  was  occasioned  by  some 
improvements  the  landlord  ol'  the 
house  was   making  in    the    lower 
part,  and  that  the  supports  were  da- 
maged.     It  is  much  to  be  regretted 
that  the  laws  nrc  not  strictly  enforced, 
that  make  the  attendance  of  the  dis- 
trict sui^vcyor  necessary  *in  all  cases 
of  alteration  or  repair  ^  or  to  cause 
inch  bou'Cj  to  be  demolished,  a^ 


appear  from  age  or  otherwise  to  be 
untenantable.— To  the  credit  of  the  ' 
neighbouring  inhabitants,  we  uridcr-  • 
stand  a  liberal  subscTiption  has  beca ' 
set  on  foot  for  the  benefit  of  the  diy 
tressed  survivors. 

8th.  The  epicures  are  probably* 
to  be  gratified  by  lady  h  n  mil  ton  as 
much  ns  anliquarians  have  been  by 
sir  William's  rescatx:hes  in  Italy,  by 
her  bringing  to  their  knowledge  a 
new  diih  j  for,  in  tlie  manifest  of 
thcShelburnc,  captain  Hopps,  from 
Sicily  and  Mahou,  entered  at  the 
custom-house,  there  appears  a  caic 
of  SOU'S  udders,  a  present  for  lady- 
Hamilton 

Mr.  Fletcher's  bay  mare  and  Mr. 
Os-a-ald's  gray,  started  tliis  day  to  run 
tlie  match  of  one  hundred  miles  for 
one  thousand  guineas  over  Doncaster 
course ;  Pease  ixide  the  gray,  and' 
Jackson  the  bay  mare  j  the  latter  nan- 
ning  away  at  stiu'ting,  went  the 'first- 
time  round  the  rourse  in  four  mi*, 
i^iutes.  I'hey  both  ran  the  first *tert 
miles  in  about  thirty-eight  minuted— ^^ 
went  foity  miles  before  they  baited,* 
and  tlien  changed  riders.  After_Iiav» 
ing  gone  sixty-eight  miles  th^  b^y 
mare  tired,  wlienMr.  iletchw^^. 
in. 

Mr.  Rcbson,  a  member  of  P«fliA^* 
ment,  having  altiicked  the  credit 
of  the  nation,  by  asserting  that  the 
public  otfiCes  had  not  wherewith  tij 
j)ay  the  bills  they  issued  j  the  chaat. 
ccllor  of  the  Exchec^uer  took  odcji^ 
sion,  this  night,  to  explain  the'  CiX" 
cumstancc  on  which  this  charge 
M'as  founded:  he  said  that  a  smSl 
bill  for  1  y /.  ys.  Mas  i)i=csented  at  the 
sick  and  iiurt  office,  but  which  was 
hot  paid  at  that  fti«>meiit :  'he  said" 
that  was  frcquontly  tlie  case  at  th6 
pubjio  offices,  that 'it  wasnot  though't 
expedient  to  leave  large  sums  in  the 
hands  oi  clork^^  aad  th^t-  tk^  wpplj 
Bb4  \       at 


*r6        ANNUAL   Pw  E  G  !  S  T  E  R,     iSO-2. 


is  r*  -Tree  It  -^z  zz.   "Ji*  :i-    z 

•     -  «   «  « 

za  'A  ^  h  ■■:.z  ■. . .i  -'^  - --i  j.i  k  sr. v  n^nil:'^? 

,                          •                                          ■    ■  :  ■  " 

*  Ai     .  .^  .      ;i    ,  ■  .  I  ■  .  .     1  ■■  -C.1* t  . 

4i...'   '.   -:.    •  I-  *«Ci  ."^lilu  G.  _  .  •  ^ _-.- 

■  •  t  ■  *■  ■ 

^••...■•y,  :r..rr*  ceir  j<»ir.c  i*'  -^i.y 

^      ^  ■         ■  .  f  «  «  V         ■ 

•  -  ■  ■ 

ot ! : .  V  J.  v  "no'  u  h  ir  h  irijd  be-r.  r  ro-  :^h : 
3-yi.7 'I  'Iv.  ri.-ir^:ri,  ::  pr-.i  d  .'::  it 
pr  .  (^1  2 r*y  thir.z    tl.e  direct  re vrr^e, 

>|k*>>>l.     ^  •  iJTf   >^W  til  y    l.^.al^^Jakl  ••*LS     •l^k...7>i     LktX*    m. 

hecn  Ttr^A.tT  irude,and  he  CT-r.cluuiz^d 
by  3:.ln"-a'i\enir.^'  in  :Iie  5-^r.^ci: 
n:arir.er  <^n  the  nn.iivfs  rir.i  c-:r.dut.L 
of  Mr.  Rr.'j.-cn  t':^r  L:i::^;::g  icn^^i 
fiiich  a  cliai'g.*. 

Thf  iori:!  i  iiar.:er.orh.:i  uctem::::- 
cd,  Oil  2i}-pri'AV.r".r:i  I'r  iVithriir.ivrr- 
airy  o:  Can-bridge,  tli^i  Uic  London 
bo  J  k-*  He  IS  were  not  j  1:5  tilled  ia 
scUii:^  ciblrs  printed  in  Shetland  by 
the  king's  priiVL-r  ;   rut  that  t::c:::- 

SPilcTS  from  f-y  *.r* ::'.<:  Sccr.i-hLibl-.s 
to  fv: reign  r(,--i/r;r.s.  tliongh  it  ic- 
£ tJrt iufvi  t  h  f:  s : -  -:■  of  t h r  r»:  i  n  ihi  s 
coun  t  n* .  11. ':  v : :,  i  cl  :t  al  so  b  e  b  r<.»i:  sr  h  t 
to  tl;e  p'/rt  '.:  I/^r.don.  for  tl.c  p;*.r- 
poic  ff^T-::x,rr.': *".•/■:,  but  net  lanctxi. 

J  4 •  h .  7  •  ■•  o  h : -.ntcn ,  the  rrort  r:  v 
cf  a  ^'•r.ti';r..^r.  in  Lein-ifi'shirc-, 
'v*-."  i/,.'!,  rh'  ',nr  ff,r  J 50.'.  the  otlirr 
for  ',rj,l.  Mr.  Duprc,  cf  P«  rtland- 
plar'-,  '^urrr.a.f:!  the  fcrnitr,  and 
lor''!  I- ■-!<:/  rh^-  lr:tfcr. 

7:ie  sor*  rif  a  roMe  c-ar!.  ci.r  ot 
wh' m  wji^  hro'din::  :.o  h#c  a  /^iVr:- 
/<r^. /■,  and  the  other  n  tannr,  have 
b^cn  l.ii'ly  sediic«xi  from  ih'jieem- 
plo/icienis  by  ihcir  yistcr,  v/ho  i:  cr.- 


Tcr.-.r.  izi  vlri'--ju.i  or  the  70(20^! 
-i.'Les  c:  ::.-  prcient  day.  Ihc 
• : -jir  ;ir.:lcmen  ire  now  plabeS 
-uivr  ^iu.uii.rn  i-  1  ir..inrir  suited 
u  ±.:'.r  rank  mi  10  tlirlr  cwn  fcrf- 
:nc».  'tiilr  thi"  earl,  their  father, 
\*  in  :r.i  u:z:cit  rigc  thji  he  should 
V    d.-j"^r:'.n.:ed   in    Lia    I'avourite 


7n.«->.  «  .  .  > . 


1  Jd:.  Otir  nar-dl  pr?paraiions  still 
•:v-n::r.".e.  and  :ire  cvei.  Increascd'in 
jjc.ir.-  ini  exrfr.t:  a  nect  of  3iS 
5.1:1  .-f  :h^  line.,  including  thirteen 
thrte  deckers  i?e  now  ready  fiwr 
fij  in  T«"':b*'y.  jni  the  north  fleet 
i-  in  e;;u-il  icnKardcess  at  Yar- 
mcuih  ! 

Mr.  Fox.  ca  Tuesdav  night  lastj 
nude  J  rvltndid  eulogiuin  on  the 
meiiii  cf  ihc  L-te  duke  of  Bedford  i 
he  r:ci.  cc  Jijirn  so  to  do  in  noovii^ 
f.-r  J  \;:it  frr  the  election  of  a 
c::enibcr  fcr  Tjvi?:cck,  racant  by 
ihe  cdllini  l::>  cf  Icrd  John  Russci« 
t::e  L:e  n'.en:bcr,  *o  the  house  of 
Teers  in  c:u-eniicrce  of  the  un- 
i.n:^ly  dca:'.:  cf  his  brother. 

Gri.c:!-.".  O-ihrs  Is  arrived  from 
F.c}  pt.  He  h..i  brc  nght  heme  with 
Mm  t\v..  vtT\-  tleoaiit  };e]i<ses  at 
the  lixT ;.:.-:  tur,  lined  with  green 
-/.j'e;:*.it  tl.di.  and  irln'.med  with 
5--.:i.: :  :::;v  arc  valued  at  200 
i.-..".:-.::-^  ;-.v':.  .=i:-l  are  a  present 
fr.-.Vi  -l!;:  c;.--'»d  .-ivrrior.  for  the 
c-ninen:  -■  r\:c-i  rendered  by  thQ 
cc  .   .il  in  Ft^p*. 

This  feai;.n  h;:?  been  markecl 
ly  a  r.tw  -;H?ci' -  of  entertainment^ 
ccinn::n  to  the  la-hionable  world, 
<.  Ll^i.i  PL  ATcjupper.  Of  tliedeii« 
va  ion  cf  the  v  ord,  or  who  "\^'as  the 
inventi.r,  v.-e  rr.ft  >s  ourselves  ig7' 
ncrant,  bit  th?  nature  of  it  we  can 
inft.nii  our  rca^I^Ts  is  as  follows: 

A  Pic  X':c  *upper  consists  of  ^ 
vp.ri'^tv  cf  dishes.    T]ie  subscriben 

to 


CHRONICLJE. 


m 


to  the  entertainment  have  a  bill  of 
tare  presented  b  them,  with  a  num- 
ber against  each  chsh. '  The  lot 
whicli  he  draws  obliges  him  to  fur- 
nish the  dish  marked  against  n, 
which  he  either  takes  with  him  in 
his  c  mage,  or  sends  by  a  ser\'ant. 
The  proper  variety  is  preser\cd  by 
tlie  talents  of  the  maitfe  (CJiotct, 
who  forms  the  bill  of  fare. 

The  trial  of  lieutenant  Lutwidge, 
of  the  Resistance,  for  the  wilful 
murder  of  S.  Fagan,  a  sailor;  came 
on  at  Winchester,  before  Mr.  justice 
Le  Blanc,  and  a  most  crowded 
court,  when,  after  a  very  long  and 
minute  investigation  of  the  circum- 
stances of  the  case,  it  was  fully 
proved  that  the  prisoner  had  met  his 
calamitous  fate  in  consequence  of 
his  o\Vn  drunken  and  mutinous 
<onduct  5  many  officers  of  the 
highest  rank  in  the  nav}^  attended, 
who  gave  the  greatest  cliaracter  to 
id'jutenant  Lutwidge  for  humanity, 
propriety,  and  universal  good  con- 
duct, both  as  a  man  and  as  an  officer, 
and  he  was  without  hesitation,  to  the 
great  satisfaction  of  all  present,  ac- 
quitted of  the  murder,  but  was  after 
a  little  hesitation  found  guilty  of 
manslaughter  3  for  which  he  was 
adjudged  to  suffer  three  months  im- 
prisonment and  pay  a  fine  to  tlie 
king  of  1  CO/. 

1  his  being  St.  Patrick's  day, 
the  benevolent  society  of  St.  Patrick 
held  its  annual  meeting  at  the  Lon- 
don tavern.  The  duke  of  Kent,  as 
carl  of  Dublin,  was  in  the  chair, 
most  ably  supported  by  lord  Moira, 
and  several  otlier  di.^tinguished 
noblemen.  After  dinner,  the  chil- 
dren who  are  educated  and  supported 
by  the  society  were  brought  into 
the  room,  and  their  apj)earaucG  was 
such  as  to  afford  Uie  luoit  general 
satisfaction.     It  appeai'cd,   by  the 


accounts  presented  by  the  secretary, 
that  itjpw&'rds  of  2;(>0d/^  Irad  beeri* 
subscrxbed  since  thfe  last  rtieetaAig]*^ 
fdr  thfe  purpose  of  erecting  a  suitable' 
building  for  tlie  purposes  of  the 
charity  :  of  this  sitm  the  prince  of 
Wales  and  duke  of  Kent  con- 
tributed 105/.  eacfi,  and  lord  Moira 
32/.  10^. — About  live  hundred  nobje-^ 
men  and  gentlemen  were  present 
on  this  occasion.  •  Lord  Moira  ad- 
dressed the  (Company  two "  br  ihf ee. 
times,  with  the  'ftiost  ^lappy  pileihi 
and  several  otlicr  neat  and  appro- 
priate speeches  were  also  delh%r€d:* 
A  number  of  excellent "  soh^  W^rc 
sung,  and  the  utmost  hai'mony  aHji 
conviviality  prevailed  <lu(ring  thiCT 
whole  of  the  evening. 

ISth.  Advices  "were  thisffay 
received  from  France,  that  the 
Brest  fleet  had  arrived  at  St:  B6- 
mingoi  attcr  a  passage  of  52  d&ys. 
'I  he  troops  "on  board  were  all  landed 
at  Cape-tov/n  without* any  opposi- 
tion, wh  ch  place  and  the  \yhole 
northern  plain  were  occupied  by  the 
republican  forces  at  tlie  time  of  the 
departure  of  the  m'Cisenger  who 
brought  this  intelligence  to  France 
fi'om.  thence. 

1  he  use  of  the  guillotine  is 
still  continued  in  France.  A  man 
was  guillotined  at  Amiens  for  the 
murder  of  his  motlier  and  child. 

At  the  York  assizes,  a  bill  of  in- 
dictment was  preferred  by  Bacoii 
Frank,  esq.  a  magistrate  residing 
near  J^oncaster,  against  Air.  Hewitt, 
a  gentleman  of  lai'ge  fortune, 
and  colonel  Sowerby,  of  the  ajtil- 
lery,  residing  "in  Doncaster,  ^QV  ^ 
conspiracy  to  make  Mr.  Frank*$  sbfcf 
elope  and  many  the  daughter, of  the' 
said  colonel  Sowerby.  The  nature 
of  the  complaint" 'riiade  by  *]Vtr. 
Frank  Was,  that  his  son,  at  tlie  time 
of  tlic  marriage,  want;ed  kbbuj  half,  ^ 

a  year 


«■••  ±    >" '^'  '"'    '    T        V'  T 

Z   B  ---  .«  -^   -  j\  L^     r^z. 

2      ;—  _  -  7     7' .;  -  •     - :,  — ;  .-        -  •  -     *.■  -  : 

^   '  "—  Zf     '     '  '       "  '   '     ■"*  ------    . 

V*-  t--   ■^■j        "^        •  -  -       -J.  .-       ;  ■    '  "  -        •■    i 

r  -".      --  ■.  .  ^v         i  ■   ;        -^-^_  ?_     _»_■  -_^-- 

IP;  ■'-•»■-,-  ----_«■  =  -  ,- 

2y f     ^ -  -  -.  —  — ■»    "r     «-»-^--   A    e_>.     -___ 

•  ■  -        ■  -  . 

-         -  -         .  .  -     -    -     . 

g.  ^  '  \     *       . .  _    _^     ■  - 

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*■      *       '-."  .'•  ■■■- •       ----X        -      » 

^  m     m  ~    ~ 

-  ■  - 

.'*■-  ■{         ------         ■-.  —  .  ......  ^ 

1..'.'".'.'....'     ..  i'.    '     '.     'i   t."     rl  '.vi?    11'^ 

t.;,*;    :-••    :.    i:."y  v-:r:  •;  Gr-::-5- 

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t...        --».  ,.  .»       w,-. r..  -- 

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ft  ^ .-  •*    ^H^p.  -^  -■  ■  '■  *^*^*** 

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♦u.*  ;o.-s;.mj!]  «  ^  Lif^  country, 
lii^  l.^.Iy  •:.:"  'J.---  ij.!r?  pope  lius^. 

book 


CHRONICLE.' 


il9 


becnsolemmy  Interred  in  the  church  grass.  It  was  ready  for  publicatioii 
of  the  Vatican ;  the  present  pontiff  when  the  duke  of  Bedford  died ;  the 
and  eighteen  cardinals  assisted  at  the    president  and  board,  as  a  proper  and 


oeremony,  when  a  funeral  oration 
was  pronounced  in  Latin. 

22d.  This  (lay  the  Stecplr  Match 
for  1000  guineas,  and  500  guinea's 
forfeit,  was  to  have  been  run  by  two 
Irish  hunters  againi^t  the  ifame  num- 
ber from  all  England.  1  he  proprie- 
tor was  on  the   ground  at   Acton 


handsome  tribute  to  that  departed 
nobleman,  stopped  the  publication, 
for  the  piu-pose  of  thus  iuscribhig 
the  volume  to  his  memory  : — 
"'  To  the  memory  of  the  most  noble 
Francia,  Ir.te  tluke  xjf  Bedford,  this 
volume,  of  communications  is  in- 
scribed hv  the  board  of  agriculturci 


f     common   at    the   hour    appointed,  as  a  tokei.  of  gratitude  for  the  bene- 

I      wnthhis  groom,  ready  to  st  it.  After  lits  experienced  by  tlie  board  from 

I      sometime,  the  oppoi^fi^arties  ap-  bis  grace's  uniform  attention  to  its 

peared,  and  wished  the  race  to  bc  ihtci'e^t  since  its  first  establishment^ 

postponed  to  a  future  day:    some  and  as  a, testimony  of  the  sinceril/ 

conversation  took  place,  and  ended  with  which  they,  in  common'  v^hh 

by  the  forfeit  being  pai4  amid  thou-  every  fiiend  to  the  impro\*ement  of 


sands  of  spectators. — The  Irish-gea- 
tleraan  offered  to  match  the  horses 
on  the  ground  for  1000  guineas, 
against  any  pair  of  hunters  in  Eng- 
land. 


tlie  country,  lament  the  loss  of  the 
Uiozt  juidicious  and  munificent  pro- 
moter of  the  national  agriculture  ixi 
all  its  branches." 

The  judges  of  Pennsylvania  have 


Advices  from  France  give  us  to  determined  that  negro  biavery  did  . 
Understand,  tliat  altholigh  the  land-  legally  exist  in  that  state.  The 
ifig  of  the  troops  at  St.  Domin-  judges  of  North  Carolina  have  de- 
go  was  not  opp(*sed,  yet  tbilt Tons-  cided,  that  the  late  acts  prohibiting 


saint,  the  black  commander  in  chief, 
vas  not  at  all  disponed  to  submit 
to  the  arms  of  the  French,  and  that 
a  severe  resistance  was  to  be  appre- 
hended. 

General  Le  Clerc,  brother-in-law 
to  the  first  consul,  commands  the 
expedition ;  he  speaks  in  confident 
terms  of  his  hopes  of  success. 

The  president  and  board  of  agri- 
culture, highly  to  their  own  honour, 
have  paid  a  distinguished  tribute  to 
the  memory  of  their  late  meml)er 
the  duke  of  Bedford.  A  volume 
was  printing,  by  authority  of  the 
board,  and^  containing  the  •  three 
essays^     which  obtained    the    first 


negroes  from   being   brought   into 
tliat  state  were  constitutional. 

23d.  A  ^eiy  extraordinaiy  case 
was  brought  before  Nicholas  Bond, 
esq.  and  sir  William  Parsons,  at  the 
Public-office,  Bow-street,  at  die  in- 
sti£ration  ot  the  ^^  estminster  fire- 
office .  Mr,  Brown,  one  of  the 
clerks  belonging  to  that  office  at- 
tent!ed,  and  stated  the  pirrticulars,, 
which  were  nearly  as  lollows:  — • 
Ihat  a  house  in  Great  Pulten^y- 
street,  the  building  of  which  was 
insured  in  that  office,  had  Ixen  on 
fire  in  different  parts  seven  times  in 
the  course  of  thiee  weeks,  and  that 
there  was  every  reason  to  believe  it 


prizes  awarded  by  tliat  board,  for  tlie  had  been  wilfully  done  ;  that 
best  explanation  of  tJie  ircans  of  four  timt-s  tlie  fires  had  been  ex- 
breaking  up  grass  lands  into  tillage,  tinguislied  without  the  neighbours 
JMid  Jayins  tliem  again  ,dowa  mo  knowledge,  but  the  others,  particu- 
larly 


3^ 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    i8c2. 


hvly  iLe  last,  which  broke  out  iu 
ti*ive  st'parntc  lOdiiis  at  once,  had 
so  miuh dlaniied  iht  iif'ii;hl}ourhood, 
that  stiiie  of  the  adjoiuiii*^  iniiauU- 
ants  h.'.d  aciuaiiy  moved  av.ay  tor 
fear  ol  bcinc;  Lunl  ir.  ilitrir  In  ds,  iLe 
fiv^r,  alvv.iv.->  lakiiiLT  vhc-  in  I  he  niciLt. 
Al'ltr  a  lung  exarnh.Mtirjn,  the  uia- 
gisiraiti  dirr.ctcd  nil  iht^  parlies 
sJmnld  attend  on  a  Uiliirc  day  for  a 
fmllicr  inve-siiijiiLWin. 

2-Uh.  It  IS  cuniidtrtly  reported 
that  M»:ll3,  in  con-i'.jii(.  net"  of  the 
recent  act:e?*;i(»n  of  powt.r  to  Fr.incc, 
h'd6  b^ci;  dvni.ii}ili  d  la  fi.ll  i»uvt rc'^jn- 
ty  by  (lit  at  lirli  lin. 

Mr.  JiuniiT  pfViornit'd  his  j»«nr- 
ney  fiom  Pari*  \')  La  i.doi-  in  twenty- 
two  liuur.n,  the  ^lirru'st  ^y.wf  of  fcini« 
that  jourmy  I.e.-.  ever  hrcn  made  in. 

A  poritT  I  nj:".re.d.  fur  a  I'd  of  ten 
guinras,  to*  fariy  twenty  elie.ii.-^  «!' 
oranges,  ^vt l-liinp;  one  cwt.  cadi 
(ont  at  a  tini(j),  from  I3otoIpIi-lane 
to  Spi{Jliel(U  market,  in  ten  lu/ars. 
Tlie  whole  of  the  irround  haik wards 
and  forv.ard.^  ise-iiinated  at  *J3 miles, 
vhicli  he  completed  in  eight  hcuir.s 
and  35  nnnuteh,  at  the  rate  at' 
somt  tilling  belter  tiian  li\e  miles 
2U  ]iour. 

At  tl:c  Kent  assl/cs,  a  eu]i«;ns 
rase.  Turner/'.  I'mferril,  canK  uii. 
The  action  was  hroUi»ht  to  rceviver 
damages  for  a  violent  assault.  Ihe 
defendant  had  invited  tli^  plaintilf  to 
hi.s  house,  in  die  neighbourhood  of 
Blnckheath,  and  upon  some  sudden 
trivial  dispute,  as  slate  d  by  the  cuun- 
scl,  he  stiuek  him,  pr(\'-tnted  a 
lojdcd  pistwl  to  his  brtast  to  ttnify 
him,  turned  him  out  of  doors  at  a 
ven'  late  hour  c»f  the  nitrht,  beat  him 
nnnu:r(  ifully,  threw  him  down,  and 
wapionly  rubbed  liim  in  the  wet. 
The  con.'^eijuenee  tjf  this  treatment 
was,  the  pLiintitf  eauL;ht  a  si:\(Te 
cold  <uid  fe\cr,  which  Lunthied  liiiu 


fur  several  months,  and  he  had(bi 
pay  his  apotliecaiy  20/.     He  limped, 
in  a  case  of  so  aggravated  a  nature,  .j 
the  jury  would  thii.k  \\  nccesbar}' to 
ci'.e  MTV  cxen^iilaiy  damiiges.    A 
youni;  lady,  about  eighieen  years  of 
;;^e..  and  a  sister-in-iaw  to  the  dc- 
fciid<nt,  was  called  to  prove  these 
facts  on  the  part  of  llie  plaikilitf }  asrf 
iVoni  her  evidence,   after  she  bad 
been  cross-cxamiuitd,  the  ca.se  re- 
solved itself  into  this  :  she  had  been 
u[v>n  a  visit  to  the  plaiutit^'s  fatber 
in    London^  and  was    so   pleased 
wilh  her  treatment,  an'cl  the  atten- 
tion of  tl.c  plaintid^,  \\i\f>  was  about 
the  are  af  twenty-cue,  tlut  slie in 
return  invited  him  down  lo  her  bra- 
th'-r's.     They  were  nc.\ cr  happy  but 
in  each  otht  r's  company.  They  were 
at'<'n«.ton:ed  to  amasc  t^ciiksclves  by 
\\alkin5  in  tilt,  groves  of  Greenwich- 
park ,   and  upon  a  certain  evening, 
altvT  having  been  a  long  time  mi^sea, 
they  were  foimd.  enjoying  a  tete-*- 
tete  in  one  of  the  vaults  of  sir  Gre- 
gory Page  Turner's  decayed  ruonsion. 
Another  source  of  amusement  was 
leaiUng  novels  to  each  otlier;  and 
upon  the  evening  the  supixiscd  ai- 
biUUL  was  committed,  tlie  defendant 
was    preparing    to  go    round    his 
^round^  uith  a  pistol  iu  his  hand,  as 
was  Jiis  custom,  when  he  heard  the 
plaintilF  in  his  sister's  bcd-chnmbtf 
reading  a  novel.     lie  ordered  that, 
miss  should  sleep  in  the  same  room 
with  her  sister  that  night ;  and  he 
would  take  care,  to  keep  the  gentle- 
man from  her.     This  'ieierminatiou 
so  atrronted  the  plaintitl\    that  1ms 
resolved  uynm  lca\  ing  the  house  that 
instant.     He  went   out,    and   the 
young  lady   followed  Jiim,  and  in- 
si^led  uj>on  seeing  him  sale  o\erthc 
hea;h  to  .some  c4her  house.     Sic. 
clung  round  him,  ajul  resisted  evcty 
attempt  of  the  I'armcr  to  get  her 

awav. 


CHRONICLE, 


S8i 


ssniilt  consistrc!  in  no'- 
19  the  strtigglc,  which 

Ehije  of  her  layin;^^ 
plaintifF;  no  blow 
ver;  on  the  con- 
efendnnt  wishccj  the' 
nc  hnck  and  sleep  at 
ntght.  The  surgeon 
jrove  that  the  plaintiff 
:d  with  a  cold  and  fe- 
lid  him  20/.  He,  how- 
,  that  passinfjj  an  hour 
np  vaiilt  was  as  likely 
'Jxast  to  produce  such 

rund  a  verdict  for  the 

bout  nine  o'clock,  as 
,  Bowes,  brother  to 
e,was  pas>:ing  through 
p  St.  JVTartin's  church, 
idy  annoyed  by  some 
rdcr  of  women  of  the 
>ld  of  him,  and  beg- 
when,  to  get  rid  of 
one  a  shilling :  he  had 
\rcry  few  paces  fur- 
e  felt  himself  seized 
oth  arms,  and  at  the 
lie  received  a  blow  on 
of  the  head,  which 
d  him  of  his  senses, 
rcollect  any  thing  fiir- 
d  till  he  tbund  himself 
rs  room  of  a  house, 
a  of  most  masculine 
d  voice,  whom  he  had 
9  think  was  a  man  iu 
and  who,  with  the 
,precations  and  threats, 
his  property,  teHliig 
He  lime,  tliat  he  must 
^as  brouglit  there  to 
.  murdered,  as  others 
id  before,  and  that  slic 
atcly  call  several  men 
if  he  made  tlie  least 


resiRtance. — Mr.  Sowes  being  just 
arrived  from  the  country,  and  having 
a  drab  great  coat  and  boots  on,  en- 
d^^-avourtd  to  persuade  her  he  was  a 
s(  rvant,  but  without  effect.  Ob*' 
strving  his  watch,  with  a  very 
valuable  gold  seal  to  it,  she  snatch- 
ed it  out  of  his  pocket,  and  insisted 
upon  having  some  rings  she  also 
saw  upon  his  fingers,  which  he 
positively  refusing  to  let  her  have, 
she  calleil  to  her  accomplices  to 
come  and  murder  him,  upon  which 
some  voices  were  beard  at  the  door, 
and  she  again  attempted  to  get  tlic 
rings  from  him :  but  in  the  struggle 
he  supposes  they  were  lost  on  the  floor. 
She  then  opened  the  door  (which  had 
previously  been  ke])t  locked)  and 
asked  if  all  was  safe  below  ?  Tliis 
m<iment  Mr.  B.  taking  adx'antagc 
of,  as  the  only  opportunity  he  haJ 
of  e^^caping  with  his  life,  knocked 
her  down,  and  rushed  out  of  the 
house,  no  one  appearing  to  pre- 
vent him.  He  made  his  way  into 
Chandos- street.  Flaving  procured 
assistance  from  St.  Martinis  watch- 
house,  he  by  this  means  discovered 
the  house,  but  could  then  find  iu> 
woman  in.  llie  landlofd  of  the 
house  and  a  woman  were  appre- 
hended, and  examined  before  Mr. 
Bond,  at  Bow-strcct ;  but  there  not 
l)cing  sufBcient  e\'klence  to  criminate 
them,  they  were  dismissed;  the 
man,  however,  is  to  hv.  indicted  for 
keeping  a  disorderly  house.  Mr. 
B.  had  all  the  time  upwards  of 
500/.  in  bank  notes,  in  a  private 
pocket,  which  he  fortunately  saved, 
by  his  resolution  in  stniggllng  with 
the  fiend.  l-[e  coni})lains  much  of 
t!ie  hurt  he  received  on  his  head, 
neck,  and  back. 

27th.     This  afternoon,  a  man  of 
the    name   of   AutJ\uny    A^''arwick, 

who 


532 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


who  kcfps  a  potato*?  varelionsc  in 
K'VvO)mnto:i-strLVl»  S:)h  ,  v.entto 
flic  'mise  of  Mr.  D.  a  mfichn::t,  of 
Giii!.!t.;ri-strect,  an:l  injairin;;:  for 
hi:.  D.  ht^came  imo  the  pavsjge  to 
him.  Warwick  to!;l  Mr.  D.  he 
waited  on  Jiim  for  l'3s.  6d.  for  the 
cariiacre  of  some  hmischold  go?)ds. 
Mr.  i).  not  kno'.ving  whellier  his  de- 
mand was  just,  or  whether  he  was 
tlie  man  who  was  entitled  to  the 
money  for  the  carriaji^c  of  tlie  furni- 
ture, desired  Warwick  to  call  ai^ain  ; 
but  Warwick  replied,  he  had  called 
several  times,  and  would  not  call 
any  more  ;  that  he  was  determined 
not  to  leave  die  house  without  his 
money.  Mr.  D.  insisted  on  his 
going  out,  and  endeavoured  to  push 
him ;  a  scuflle  ensued  bt:twcen  them, 
and  Mr,  D.  not  being  able  to  get  him 
out,  went  inlo  his  back  parlour,  and 
fetched  a  pistol  j  presenting  it  to  him, 
he  said  he  would  shoot  him,  if  he  did 
not  go  out  of  the  house ;  upon 
which  Warwick  ran  into  the  street, 
and  called  with  aloud  voice,  several 
times,  "  Murder."  Tliis  brought 
several  neighbours  and  other  persons 
rf)und  the  house,  and  W.  told  them 
what  had  happened.  During  iliis 
time,  Mr.  D.  .sent  a  person  in  search 
of  a  constable,  and  the  street  door 
being  left  0})cn,  Warwick  entered 
the  house  a'jjain,  accompanied  by  a 
friend  who  went  with  him,  and  was 
waitin-r;  lov  him  :  ihev  renionstraled 
witii  Mr.  I),  on  the  im'.>roj)ri(.:ty  (if 
his  conduct,  but  he  v>ould  not  hear 
them,  and  insisted  tli'.it  they  should 
lea\e  Jiis  house  ;  they  refused,  whtm 
he  went  into  his  back-parlmir,  to  get 
his  pistol  again;  several  persons  in 
his  house  endeavoured  to  persii.Kle 
him  not  to  have  any  thinsj;  to  do  v»  ith 
tlie  pistol  3  but,  he  assured  them  it 
was  not  loaded,  and  thai  he  only  in- 
tei»icd  to  frighten   them  witii    ii : 


when  he  ^  to  Warwick,  he  agaia 
threatened  to  shoot  him,  if  he  did 
not  leave  the  house ;  and  Warwick 
refusing  to  go  without  his  xnone/^ 
Mr.  .D.  presented  the  pistol  to  him 
again,  and  it  proved  to  .be  loaded; 
the  shot  parsed  Uirough  his  lefl  cheek 
and  injured  the  jaw.  Warwick  fdl,. 
apparently  dead,  but  that  proved  not 
to  be  the  case.  Surgical  assistance 
was  immediately  sent  for,  and  con- 
sidering the  wound  dangerous,  Mr, 
D.'s  neighbours  advised  him  to  snr- 
render  himself  into  the  hands  of 
justice,  which  he  accordingly  did. 
A  constable  in  the  neighbourhood 
took  him  before  sir  R.  Ford,  who 
committedhim  to  Clerkenwell  JBride- . 
well,  till  the  fate  of  Warwick  ii 
known. — ^Warwick,  it  is  said^  wai 
in  a  state  of  inebriety. 

28th.  The  ibllowing  cohmrani* 
cation  was  this  day  made  to  the  loid 
mayor  from  lord  Hawkesbuiyj  «c^ 
cretary  of  state  for  tlie  foreign  dc-. 
partment :  i 

"  Douniinst'Slrect,  March  38,  1803L 
"  My^Lord,  .; 

"  I  ha\e  the  satisfaction  of  iiH 
forming  you,  that  I  have  received  t. 
dispatch  from  man[uis  ComwaDii^ 
containing  the  intelligence,  that  tjnj 
definitive  treaty  of  peace  liad  been 
linally  settled,  aiid  would  be  sigped 
by  the  [)leni}>oteiitiaries  of  his  n»*» 
ji'^ty,  aiul  by  the  plenipotcntiariciof 
France,  Spain,  a:id  the  Batavian  nr- 
public,  as  soon  as  tlie  several  copipsof 
the  treaty  could  be  prepared  for  dut 
nurpo.se.  Manjuis  Cornwallis  pro^. 
posed  transmitting  the  treaty  byonft 
of  the  secretaries  immediately  after 
its  signature  j  and  it  may  therefore 
Ijc  hourly  expected.— I  have  the  ho* 
nour  to  be,  my  lord,  ikc. 

(Signed)  Hawke.«;buxy." 

2pth.  And  this  morning  theftl* 
ljj\v  ing : 

Doiniaf" 


\ 


C  H  R  O  N  LC  L  E. 


S83 


vning'Streetj  Manhag,  1S02. 

My  Lord, 
tv.  Moore,  assistant-secretary 
rquis  CQWiwallis,    has  just  ar- 
with   the  definitive  treaty  of 

which  was  signed  at  Amiens 
;  27th  of  this  month, '  by  his 
y*8  plenipotentiary  and  the 
btentiaries  of  France,  Spain, 
te  Batavian  republic— I  have 
onour  to  be,  my  lord,  your 
ip's  most  obedient  humble  scr- 
^fiigned)       Hawkesbury. 

the Rt.  Hon.  the  Lord  Mayor'" 

IS,  after  an  intcr\^al  of  nearly 
mths,  has  this  important  treaty 
Drought  to  a  (.onclusion.  By 
ce  is  formally  established  be- 
i  France  and  England ;  of  its 
uiance,  however,  we  cannot  be 
nguiuej  noihiiiglike  cordiality 
ibsisted  between  the  two  coun- 
m  this  interval,  and  wc  cannot 
link  that  it  was  owing  to  the 
cing  posture  of  our  liccts  and 
:s  that  France,  not  prepared 
esh  contest,  has  at  last  acceded 
r  demands.  There  were  par- 
tuminations  in  the  night  of  the 
igence  arriving. 

St.  The  principal  points  of  the 
itive  treaty  are  as  follows  : 
kc  valuable  islands  of  Ceylon 
Trinidad  are  to  rt-main  in  the 
tsslon  of  Great  Britain.  The 
:  of  Good  Hope  is  to  i)e  restored 
»  Dutch  J  but  its  ports  are  to  be 

fot  every  purpose  of  accom- 
ition  to  the  ships  of  tlil^  coun- 

Malta  is  to  have  a  garrison  ^i 
>oritan  troops  until  a  ^Maltese 
;  can  be  raised  and  organized 
j>  protec  ion.  Fiench  and  Eng- 
ire  ^like  excluded  from  holding 
3S  of  any  description  ;  and  the 
peudeticc  of  iho  island  is  to  be 
rdUnder  iheguarruitceof  France^ 


Great  Britain,  Austria,  Spain,  Rus- 
sia,   and   Prussia:  its   ports   to   be 
equally  op?n  to  all   nations,  upoa 
certain  conditions.    Tlie  integrity  of 
the  kingdom  of  Portugal  is  preserved, 
agreeably  to  the  terms  of  t!ie  treat/ 
of  Badajosj    and   with    respect  Mo 
Guiana,  tlie  river  Arawari  is  fixed  as 
the  boundary  of  the  French  and  Por- 
tuguese tertitorics  in  that  quarter. 
The  integrity  of  the  IVirkish  empireis 
completely  maintamed  3  andthcNew- 
foundland  fisheries  are  placed  upon 
the  same  footing  as  before  the  war. 
Some  necessary  regulations  are  in- 
troduced respecting  the  disaftccted  or 
traitorous  subjects  of  Great  Britain 
and  France,  and  likewise  for  pro- 
viding for  the  pa}Tncnt  of  the  debts 
due  to  this  country  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  prisoners. — Tlie  exchange 
of  the  ratifications  is  to  talce  plac6 
within  tliirty  days  of  the  date  of  the 
treaty. — In  the  French  copy  of  the 
treaty,  the  signnture  of  Joseph  Bor 
naparte  stands  first ;  but  in  the  Eng- 
lish copy  that  of  the  marquis  Corn- 
wallis  takes  precedence. 

By  tliis  treaty  it  will  be  seen  that 
France  i)as  maintained  her  unity  and 
imliiHsiiUity ',  no  part  of  the  im- 
mense conquests  she  has  made  axe 
(o  bt*  restored,  \^hile  tlie  important 
acquisitions  on  our  part  are  all  (with 
the  exception  of  two  islands  belong.- 
ing  to  our  old  allies,  aikl  with  whoiu 

v.e  beffan  tlie  wai*  in  strict  friend- 

■-J 

ship)  to  be  surrendered.  In  this 
view  of  thinsfs,  we  cannot  but  dread 
a  ])reponderance  of  power  in  the 
hands  of  France  totally  inconsistent 
with  the  independence  and  hiterests 
of  the  rest  of  Europe,  and  whict 
must,  a  111  tie  sooner  or  a  little  late'r> 
produce  a  general  confederacy  of  itj 
statfs  against  such  an  enormous  iu- 
crea-e  of  territory  as  tliis  tieaiy 
connrms  to  it. 


3S* 


AN'NNVAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


f^-""-l     «-.On        -'-at       ^    ■  -f      m'.m^ti.^ 


m;:r  -.:>   :: 


— * 


'oT-    "I    ^*t'Zr 


■  I    # 


•■  -  r 


«^  «^  • 


T"     .."■   r «■  »      '"J.r^     ■v't—  ■       r    » ■-■-■TT- 

j     .     ...1-         ^..•^•■•>*^^«    '..•..   .    ..     .... ^_ 

the*  ..-.*.'   A  :..i::m  A.":::::.  r2-..  :r    .-..- 
bvinLirc.   .'.iT.l  ■f'Tr.T     f  ±e  '.a:?:   ad- 

ii".  .i*ir  1— ■?  '  r    »-■  ji -»..■-.    ^....1^  .3 

h.',    ;>   jLie*;:.  on   *he  icu:h  c:  '::i 

t!i:"r':iu'viy  hcr-.u-?  .izi  r'nur-ei  -f 
hi.^  :".i:i:::y      His  rr'.ic:r.  t:::1    I'^ci'.t  a 

.L  ■         ..^.IL     -^I..1V.-.  .       Umi^ ■      • ^^^ 

'  •    »  f  ■  .      •  . 

t-^.-»     •■:,■■•    •■■-      1      ;!■—';■   .■i-'i'  :-->■■•        -^-t-r^J  « 
>»i.      •.;>.    ov-        Jt      3«.>  .:..^ -s-.i..  _  .^      ..  .  •  .likl. 

f*^  ^K  «*^**  ■-■  «■■■         ^«    va       ■      ■  ^  1*  I   . «  _  -um. 

».t • . <    -^  ..'.'■  »iL<.^k  1 '.     '■  j^  1 1  ■ '  n  ^> ' ■  ^' 

'-».•-       .   ^        ■  «       »  -IC      ^.    <.«.*■  ^.Ij.. J  „"...._..  .  _    ^ 

j»  '  «  •  ■"  • 

A    ^     ^        ■•■-  ....^^1  '-*-J         -•>-*'Jl-w>-.k. .        ■■■ 

._.;,     .---..  -■-  »   -  -»-»*-  ■•  _      ••      •    fi..-i  -    .--"-  _- 

■"••■»■-.         "f'*.         1'."*       »  -'-•.*•'      ,-  _.  •     1 1'* 

-■  -  *■■  ■  .» 

>»^.  #  -'^  ;  'iki.  ^>  .*  ^  ■  ...^  ...^  .^  ■"■  .».  _  ;  .i.- 
.p.*'  ■■•  .- * -S-fi*  7 '•rTi?'"  *  i  •  ■  "'■^■>  '■■'*■»  ■ -■  '--- 
«■:*   ^   i»t'f-.-'»     T"."     —»■.•-  —  --i      *•'•■»-:  -  ■* 

a-.-'     .^'f-,»rt--     '•- --    I- 1  -      ,-  ..Y*     v.*   .;   ,- 

; r.  "■ ';  pr 'i -.r/. *:  '  s .-l :  arr. " : . t  r ■ . r  rji.r  >  ^ 
r^'i".  ;•.  ^f  Tavi-r-v.k,  vLo  "■-■<  born 
J  ..'/  fj,   1/66,  ?.:'.d  in  IT-? o  m.-. n- i ■-.  i 

Crf'..^i.ier  of  ior  i  '-i^touut  T:rT"i.j- 


ror.,   icrr.er.y  3r.z:sh.  ansbass^jor  fo 
liie  ccurt  oi  Bnisrrls.    5ti«?  died  last 

-       ♦ 

T'.iK  dc-^  -:;£  the  d::kr  of  Bedford 
Ti-i  aiTTrrinnaie  to  rhc  wh*^tc  tenor 
;i  hi-i  "::'S''-:njhi';  Uf;.      ^^■Lea  Dr. 
HilII  "ii  -:;  •  *:r  Jdr^tfs  Earl  in£xiii- 
■:z  ..'..'.'I  .:  tills:  nc;::":ssity  of  a  s^Kfid^ 
---■'■■  ..r..   :.c   ijd,   '"'  Very  wcttj 
■:;;t   I   .Tir^t  pmiouslr   haf«    two 
lii:urs   :r"  ^ims  nftcsrssary  snngp- 
nTf?ni--   V  m^  papers,  jlc  ' "     Rctir^ 
ias  tbr  'iii.i  pnrp«/«c  izto  his  stn^v 
Le  ^vTOle  r^rra^.v  the  wa^  of  tfail     ■ 
time,  and  jfiervardi  sealed  op  Xmb    \ 
•ari**  :x!»"  kri.^,   and  addressed  dica 
I' i  '<: :  T  -  r^;T  >.■ : r?  .■  lord  2c hn,  and  kxd    1 
Wlllij-.n   il  :^itd.      H"w   zrsce  thai     ' 
cin:^  bjc"-;  to  the  ^^ademexx  of  Ae 
r-cJr.-,  j:i  :  ^.liJ,    "  Now,  sirs,  I 
drr.  .!'.  ■•  o'lr  fcr-ice :  but  proboblj'  It 
rr.jv    oe   pr.rji-r    thit   I  shoaki  be 
r.H-.ni.  n  •■.Licii  I  ii.iW  also  cheer^ 
r.i'ly  iu^m::.'     Sir  Janz^s  Eaii  smd;    ' 
he  r^'icrd  UTvn  uie  fbrticadr  of  hoB 
'^icr^'i  ziizd,  uTid  therefore  though' 
:".  zot  ::e;:e^iar.".  The  operatioa  was 
'jz-ta  prcreeded  upcn  caicooch,  and 
tick  a  mii'-'h  l»:-rcr  time,  and  coo- 
^•^.T-fir.rly  izti-ctrrd  more  acme  senaa- 
•.: .  r-?  '0  xhr  piiti-^cLt,  th^in  were  at 
rirst  I'xked  r'.r  :  however,  tfaer  were 
boni'?   v.i.:h-.i::  a  stni^ie,  only  ^■tt 
drrp  grr.ani  beic^  uttered  by  Ids 
gr-  :r  d  jt:.-.  c  "h^  'A'hole  cjUTae  of  this 


.^t:-'-9- 


i. -.1  VZ-f-.i-f-'ir  nizht,  the  lOlh, 
■-1.1  .:;:rtr::  r_-n:i:r.i  ct  this  illiistri- 
I .-*  vrrvfi.r:;  -i'-re  conveved  from 
^'. '.;  ■ . .:  :t--  ■."  ■  .^ •  ■ .  2rA  dt  pos t ted  yes- 

■  -  *    '  •  * 

t-.-riiy  sdz :r:i.:*LZ  ia  ti:e  family  vault 
«.:  L'liciii.".?.  Azi'tcaijiy  to  the  car- 
::r«:  r-'^u^.ft  cr  hi=  grice,  the  fniie- 
iil  \V3LS  tvj  b-r  «?on ducted  in  the  most 
^iniD*.-?  r:?r::er  DOSiible.  In  obedi- 
!•::':?  :o  tills  ^o:er.in  inionLtion,  the 
;r.u.x2Le  dnd  ail::*:i':d  i"r:eDd«  of  the 


CHRONIC  L  E. 


385 


decesscd  declined  attendiii?  the  last 
sad  office,  tlic  >  awful  ceremony,  of 
the  iiitcnnci'l  '*^  his  reiijjins. 

The  corpse  .leit  'V./jurn   at  ten 
•o'dock    oil   Wednesday  nigiit,    at- 

•  tended  by  three  niouniing  coaches, 
in  the  first  6f  which  were  Mr.  Go- 
tobed  and  Mr.  Rrov\Ti;  his  graces 
^icitors,  as  the  principal  mourners. 
The  two  others  contiincd  die  chief 
domestics  of  his  grace.  iVext  c^mc 
the  chariot  of  the  -.'ieceased;  drawn 
by  six  bay  horses,  with  tliree  fo/t- 
mcQ  behind,  followed  by  a  tootninn 
leading  his  gp^ace  s  favourite  hack- 
ney. Tlie  Wobnm  tcnaatty  dos^^d 
the  solemti  procession  from  the  ab- 
bey. On  its  aiTival  at  Rickmors, 
about  half  past  nineyestcnhy  mom^ 
mg,  it  was  joined  by  the  Bucking- 
hamshire tenantiy,  and  soon  after  by 
those  of  Chorjies^  who  were  in  vvait- 
ingfor  its  arnv'.il>  and  the  wijolc 
then  proccedixi  to  the  place  of  inter- 
ment, in  th  J  :". allowing  order  : 

THE  PALL- Hr.  \RKR3  OS  HOKSF.- 
BACK  : 

Mr  DavisChis-  grace's  -^^    j^ 

•  Steward),  ->  * 
Mr.  Tal  x)t,                  Mr.  Martyr, 
Mr.  Batclielor,              Mr.  Dell 
The  tenantr)'  of  Cheni(?s-,   b.-twcen 

sixty  and  .seventy:  in  number. 
The  HEAKSE,  contaioing  the 
BODY. 
Tlir^*  mouniini^  coaches ; 
(Tlie  first  contain! in;"  the  principal 
mournei'3,  M«rssr».  Cotobed  and 
Brown.) 
Scvenil  private  cairiagcs. 
The  chariot  of  the  deceased. 
T\x*o  horses,    led    by    ffXitmen. 
Ilie  Wohurn  tenantr\%  consistinijof 
up\^'ards  of  t^o  hundred  j)cr^;>ns. 
On  jt.s  arrival  at  the  chturh-yard 
gate,  it  was  niet  by  therector  of  Cii«- 
nles,  the  rev.  Mr.  Morris,  (who  had 
MCcr.rr.pani(4c!the  fjukeon  his  tnjvels^) 


and  the  reverend  Dr.  Randolpii.  A 
-  most* exec**  :.nt  funeral  oration  was 
delivered  on  the  <x:Ccision  bythe  for- 
mer, \^'ho  was  so  much  adected 
throiigiiout  as  to  be  sciuwciy  audible, 
,  A  becoming  synip  ithy  impaTted  it- 
self to  every  individual  of  tlie  im- 
.mcnse  crowd,  arid  the  scene,  tliough 
simple,  Wcis  aitogctlier  of  a  most 
awtLil  and  ,  impressive  descriptioo. 
Tlie  body  was  piated  in  the  family- 
vault,  ujxin  tlie  coifin  of  iii;>  gmcefs 
grandfather,  near  tliat  of  laav  Joim 
llui->el, whose  funeral  tlie  duke  him- 
self liad  in  Oct.  last  attended,  and  hn* 
diately  by  the  side  of  the  late  dutchess, 
l/ie  coffin  was  covered  with  i:rimsoh 
velvet,  plainly  ornamented,  witii  ;ue 
inscription,  *'  rhe  niost  noble i«'ran- 
cis,  ;.iake  of  jjedford.  born  July 
23,  iyC)5,  di.:d  xVi.irch  2,  Jy02.'.' — 
The  va.ilt  v/a^conaii'ied  opt-n  thrde. 
d;?ys  U)C  puLiic  insjx.Li:jn  -lue. 
cixnvds  wijich  attended  the  solemn 
ceremony  were  be)'onci  dciiciipt:on 
nii  \iL\'ons,  and  never  '(Hjrhapj  was  a 
niurc  Milccting  iCene  prcaCiittd,  ihm 
tlKi'.%-»f.tne  uiiiverbii  linef  aisoiaved 
on  tiiis  occasion,  in  town, the  mou.  3- 
ful  pa:5-s\iig  knelt  was  soiuj-ied  for  se- 
vltjI  hoi'ii-i  at'.tiie  pajksh  churches  of 
Sc.  Gcorgv,  Biooiasbury,  and  St, 
Paul,  Co  vent-garden  Micute-belis 
^veri*  toli-^d  i\t  each  from  eieveii  in 
the  moniing  till  two  in  the  after- 
noon. 

Thu.s  terminated  the  funeral  rites 
of  oiK^  of  the  hiost  distinguished  no- 
blemc^n  of  the  present  age,  who, 
whiie  he  gTiiced  the  peer^^e  of  his 
Gotmtrj'j  proved  himseif  a  most  bril- 
liant ornament  of  society,  ai;..  tfn; 
best  friend  and  benefactor  <  f  ii.b  u i- 
low  men.— Peace  to  his  iL'^^biaus 
manes !  > 

As  the  coffin  w-as  going  inco  iho 

church  at  Chenies,  a  nKwt  ujiUs 

coming   ucene   of   coufosioit  took 

C  c  j?l:tce^ 


S88        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

place,  which  is  too  common  on  those  velvet    cushion.    Tliis  waiter  wat 

occasions,  by  the  populace  stealing  originally  a  present  to  the  fanuly 

the  escutchfxins  from  the  hearse. —  from  the  king  of  Spain,  and  is  of 

A  man  was  knocked  down  and  tram-  great  value. 

fried  on  by  a  horse,  and  his  leg  torn        The  royal  party  reached  Chcster- 

ar.d  bruised  in  a  most  shockin;T  man-  field-house    about     eight    o*dock« 

ner. — On  the  mourners  endeavour-  escorted  by  two  troops  of  life  guanh. 

ing  to  follow  the  corpse,  some  of  After  passing  through  the  principal 

them  were  litenlly  carried  into  the  apartments,   they  were  introduced 

church,  and  others  could  not  gain  by  lord  Chesterjfidld  into  the  state    . 

admittance,  the  crowd  beinjg:  so  ex-  chamber,  where  the  countess  sat  on    i 

trem«riy  great.     The  contusion  \vas  the  state  bed  with  her  intuit  daof^- 

occa:>ioncd  by  a  number  of  a  no  tori-  ter.     llie  hangings  of  the  bed  wm 

ous  gang  ot  pickpockets  from  Lon-  of  crinLson  satin,  lined  with  white 

don,  who  went  dn\*T3  in  post-chaises,  satin.    The  top  of  the  bcl  formed  a 

Se^'eral  persons  were  robbed  of  con-  dome,  from  which  w^as  suspended  a   , 

jiderable  sums  of  money  at  the  time  splendid  coronet,  under  which  sat 

the  corpse  was  goin;a:  i^to  the  church,  her  ladyship,  dressed  in  white  satin,' 

These  villains    made  a    cro^vd    of  i^ith  a  protlision  oflaceon  hcrhcad. 

themselves.    The  windows  of  the  The  counterpane  of  the  bed  was  of  .", 

church  were  broken  by  the  popu-  white  satin  embroidered  with  goldj   ■ 

lace,  who  endeavoured  to  force  into  half  a  yard  deep  round  the  bofdefj 

the  church  that  way.  and  a  diamond  centre. 

It  is  remarkable  that  there  has        Their  majesties,  after  reroainiiig  • 

been  scarce  any  regular  succession  in  about  t^vo  hours,  took  their  depac- 

the  iUiistrious  tjmiiy  of  llussrll.   The  ture,  accompanied  by  the  officers  of 

earls  anddukcs  have  all  been  brothers,  tlieir  household, 
cousins,  or  grandsons  of  their  imme-        The  marquis  CJomwallis  and  &b    • 

diate  predecessors.  ^uite   landed    at  Dover    fh>m  Ca- 
lais yesterday  afternoon,  amidst  the 

'  loudest  acclamations  of  the  popa- 

APRIL.  lace;     and  tliis  evening    his  lord- 
ship arrived   in    to\in    in    perfect 

2d.  The  infant  daughter  of  the  healtli. 
rarl  of  ChestcTlield  was  baptized  this        In    consequence   of  the  signing 
evening,  by  the  name  of  Georgiana.  the  definitive  treat}'  the  3  per  cenb  ■ 
The  sp^)nsors  were    their  majesties  were  this  day  at  72. 
and  thf;  princess    Elizabeth.     The        The  motion  made  by  Mr.  Man- 
dowager  marchioness   of  Bath  pre-  ners  Sutton  for  an  intjuiry  into  the 
sided  as  chief  nurse  3  her  ladyship  claims  of  his  royal    highness    the 
df  iivcn;d  the  child  into  the  hands  of  prince    of  Wales    to    the  amount 
the   quf'en,    who    gave   it   to   Dr.  of  the  revenues  of  the  dutchy'of 
Mann^^rs  Sutton,  bishop  of  Norwich  Cornwall,  received  during  his  mino- 
and   dean  of  Windsor.     After  the  rity,  was  lost  by  a  majority  of  5/ 
baptism,  a  cup  of  caudle  was  present-  against  the  motion,     llie  numboi 
ed  by  the  enrl  df  (-'hfstciiicld,  on  were, 

one  kne^,  to  his  majejity,  on  a  large         Fur  the  previous  question    lOO 
gold  waiter^  placed  on  a  crimson        -Agaiubt  it        .        •  103 « 

.  lip 


CHRONICLE. 


»87 


iThc  most  numerous  and  respectable 
minority  tliat  the  house  has  known 
for  many  years. 

.  A  loan  for  2/  millions  has  been 
made  by  the  minister  on  advanta- 
geous terms  for  the  public. 

5th.  Mr.  D.  a  gentleman  of 
fortune  in  Baker-street,  Portman- 
square,  was  summoned  before  the 
commissioners  of  requests,  by  a 
foreigner,  to  answer  for  a  debt  of  one 
guinea,  which  he  alleged  Mr.  D. 
owed  him.  Thifi  man  stated,  tliat  he 
had  lately  arrived  from  the  continent, 
and  intended  to  exJiibit  before  the 
public  his  deceptions  in  the  spectro- 
logical  art  j  that  he  had  brought  over 
with  him  letters  of  recommendation 
to  most  of  tlie  nobility  in  this  coun- 

.  try  5  and  that,  ,on  Monday  last,  he 
was  sent  for  by  Mr.  D.  to  exhibit 
before  a  select  j^irty  at  his  house. 
He  accordingly  went,  and  agree^d 
witli  that  genrlcnr.ui  to  entertain  his 
company  for  the  space  of  one  hour, 
for  which  he  was  to  be  remunerated 
with  the  sum  of  cue  guinea  ;  that  he 
accordingly  pn  o  .vcd  for  his  exliibi- 
tion^  and  had  ji;!>v  began,  when  he 
was  informed  by  Mr.  D.  that  his 
exhibition  was  not  ag^ecible,  and 
therefore  he  need  not  go  on  with  it ; 
at  the  same  time  he  presented  hlni 
with  half  a  guinea,  which  sum  he 
refused  to  take,  alleging  tliat  Mr. 
D.  was  bound  by  his  contract,  as  he 

''  was  willing  to  have  performed  his 
partof  it.— In  answer  to  this  char^^e, 
Mr  D.  acknowledged  that  he  had 
made  the  contract,  and  that  he  did 
it  with  a  view  of  entertaining  some 
of  his  friends,  among  whom  were 
several  young  ladies }  that  on  the  tirst 
appearance  of  the  spt  el  res,  the  ladies 
were  thrown  into  fits,  and  that  it 
was  in  consequence  of  this  circum- 

'  stance  he  thought  it  projxtr  to  stop 
tlw  eiUiibitioU;  iind  was  of  opiniou 


half  a  guinea  was  sufficient  for  th« 
man's  trouble. 

The  chairman  observed,  that  Mr. 
D.  was  bound  by  his  contract,  and 
must  pay  tlie  demand.  At  the  same 
time  he  could  not  help  lamenting  the 
depravity  of  taste  which  at  presigit 
seemed  to  rule  the  English  people* 
He  thought  some  method  should  ht 
adopted  to  put  down  these  exhibi- 
tions, which  were  daily  growing  .up, 
to  tlie  great  disgrace  of  die  country. 
He  had  known  several  instances  jn 
which  young  ladies  who  had  been  to 
see  tliese  supernatural  appearances 
weje  mucli  alarmed,  and  apprehen- 
sion entertained  of  their  lives,  from 
the  effect  they  produced.  He  tmst* 
cd  the  legislature  would  take  tlic 
matter  into  consideration,  and  prer 
vent  such  innovations  oii  the^redulity 
of  the  public  for  the  future.  Mr.  D, 
paid  tlie  money,  and  departed. 

0th.  llie  minister  this  day,  in 
the  house  of  commons,  announced 
his  intention  of  repealing  the  income 
tax,  which  he  said  ought  not  to  be 
a  peace  tax,  but  was  an  efficient  and 
proper  resource  in  time  of  war. 
Ihe  taxes  he  proposed  in  lieu  of 
tlie  income  tax  were  confined  to 
miilt  ;md  hops,  imports  and  exports, 
male  sen  ants  of  a  certahi  description, 
aiid  assessed  taxes,and  their  operation 
in  general  will  attach  upon  the  higher 
classes  of  the  connnimity. 

8th.  Lord  Moira  gave  notice  of 
a  motion  he  intended  to  make  on  tJic 
subject  of  the  afiairs  of  India  3  tlic 
circumstances  ho  alluded  to  ait* 
chiefly  these  : 

Upon  th(^  death  of  the  late  nabob 
of  Arcot,  his  son,  to  whom  he  had  left 
by  will  his  sovereignty,  had  been  put 
aside,  and  a  more  distant  relative  " 
placed  on  the  throne,  because  the 
natural  heir  had  refused  to  acc<rd« 
to  the  company's  proportion  of  hav* 
C  C  2  ing 


»  ^ 


ANNUAL    PvEGISTER,  1?0-. 


^  '^«    -»    ^..•-^«  —  ^-  ^^.  -    _ « .  I.     - .  i— .« 


—  J. 


-.-»   v.-^  u 


:i:^hc^.    Ihb 


.-.-,-   -:          --■-.■:-..-  :-    ::-.-.-_•*  iir  r'^Ti-nt  cfXMi  the 

.--^    -     ..*     -.-.".-.   "Tr    :' -._- li-i  llv.      Af   !i!.?   z:-'r--TT  Tra*  C30- 

r  ■-..■"  -.:'  -/.-  !'■-:.  :'.-..-.-  —^rt  r— :i.  "  r. :   :i:  ::"  z'zzz.s,.  Z'^  -735  met  bf 

''.   .  ■".  *.'..:■  ;. ■  r-5  .  1:'-/"  r-' :-  "-ri   i  /.' :    ■'r-r  -lii.ir:  .   f:r  srnie  t^nM>  io 


>.-    ;.-:-:v  ■-■:-■:-■:: -:-;:-—  .    -  :  .r- ::;- --:  M— .:-. -nrcking 

^r-    -..  ■   .      .;.-    :  ilrr-i'  -j:*-   •  .-  :.:  ■ ---r:  1  !  :.:  ::rr-r ':r:Th  ibeMal- 

'.  -  -    -'    '^  ^r "i-:  :.-  :^'   :  '?  :\ri-  ?  :.  t     s.;--:^    :1i:   :h:  ie    gentle- 

-■  ■ :  •-.-  - ;.-  i-.-.  'Tiir  -^  --.  -  :  '  /.-..tLI-t  -r^ c- 2rr.bs«5adcfi 

^'.  .    .:-   ■ .  '      \  i: .  T.  -.-  T  :  -1. :■:.  ?"r>; nli  net  be  adnut- 

.'■..•    i  -  .    '.  ■    r-.:'.-   -    '.:-:•  -r :  •-:    ir.    :.".    --  :.  r-rivJir  sudiccce; 

r-  ■■'.'■                                 -          ".  ?  tt/  -LLi-      i  r -?.  rr.:«-trii  trom  anjr 

♦.-'..:-   -::.  '7'  ...■::.-:-.-:  •  r-  l-i      I:  15    r:-.r    tinralhr  ao» 

:          ;-..'.':''.!     •: ---:  rr":-^-  r.'T'.r^.    '.'..i'.    Li -iW.ir.i   has  been 

^    *     .'•:■.■'"    .  \~-'  V  ".'■■'. r '.  "  ?vt.  ■ '. ". "-1  'T  r~_Z'if  r*'  ^Tii'r?  Dv  3  sccieC 

•     -•        --  •     -    '  ;.    "     ;    '         *  -'-  *   :'.7  ■".  rl  ":  :'.\^  r-^zy.y-  a  nen^  and 

..'■',*     <       .          '..:..'.  -'.  T" !r.c  rr' '  :  ce"  ti.e  ciIi-graLsping 


Tl:  :  -.'  Try.-',  as  ccnsen'atDr 

-^  *!  \.- -y-'    ..-'  -L-.r   -i.-jiie-,  h^vir^  received  a 

h     \i.js    rn    Saturday 


'« ' 


--•■»- 


/  • 


f     • 


...  r...  •:  Ji.!.: :.  .:r  Gr'enwich,  ?eci  it  as  a 

/;       ■..  ^  ..,".'  :    \    "•.'..Ji  ci:.:-:  .  :.j   "i v.-ke;"  t.o::!p2ri7  h2^*e  pre- 

;  '     .'■        ,   •  .'      '/'.:'■.'  \.  ■!.'■  :.r->-  «^::f-v.^  i     -:r  Si  -ney  Smith  a  mag- 

'      •   ..-'.:  u   "...   !..   :»/:    "^ : ;  to  lin.  Jii:  ;:*r  C"  CI  rMt?:,  in  thcfonn  of 

'"'!:'       !  ''.  *^:.';  ' x^ ''".'. ivt  2   \\:=\j    '-■-.-■;■■   '^trcorat^,  the  top 

.     ':   ■   -    '-     :    :..,     '  .  r;  I;:-.:!-  t':r:r;i:\.:"'.'^  v. "th  th'.-  figure  of  an 

■       .                                                    .  1  "          "    »                                 ■                                                                                     ■                        ■ 

'■    .     *   .-:'  :-.:.:.:   rrt.:-.  i-.'..:,h.:-  *'  Fr. -i:".  ^  :.y  -. '  governor  and 

:     ■  *.,■:.  z'j  '.W'-.:.  ^'■.'.'•-     '\  './:  t!..-  ^■vr.\:^\    r'  ni  iviir^irs  of  England, 

i '  ■    • '.:  v'f.;.r-,'-*  .  -,    vr  -:.'...  : :—.' r-.r  'r.-.i.-.r  r.::-'  r.-c  Ltv.-n-.t.-^a-',  to  cap- 

'  ,./  ;-'  -'r^j; '..  '.:  *■   •]:'  ''• "    -f:.  M: .  ';  'r.  ''\v\''i..::.:ii  ::•  :d::f-y  Smith,  ofhif 

i\',./. ':. n/'.r, v.t.:. :  ..  ■  .'.  .r* ■.{.'-;. 'x  J *Ak  nii ":  arv" ^  ;: r  v .   kn i '^:  1 1   ot" the  royal 

S'vedisjj 


CHRONICLE.  -389 

Swedish  order  of  the  sword,  as  an  ment    of  being   deseiied'  by  their 

acknowledgment    for     the     signal  lovers,  murdered  in  cold  blood  by 

services  rendered  to  his  country,  by  the    Turks,   and   tlie   bodies   were 

his  unparalleled  defence  of  tlie  anci-  thrown  into  the  Nile.      A  similar 

ent  and  important  town  of  St.  Jean  act  was  perpetrated  at  Cairo,  when 

d*Acre,  when,  with  a  small  band  of  that   place   was   evacuated  by   the 

British  seamen  co-operating  with  the  French,  and  it  is  feared  tliat  many 

eftbrts  of  the  Turkish  garrison,  he  wretched  females  at  Alexandi-ia  wiil 

enabled  that  feeble  and  ill-construct-  share    the  same  fate  on  tlie  depar- 

ed   fortress   to   withstand,   for   tlie  ture  of  our  troops." 
space  of  6g  days,  die  repeated  and        The  injudicious  conduct  of  general 

obstinate  attacks  of  an  enemy  for-  Le  Clerc,  in  refusing  at  St.  Domingo 

midable  from  numbers    and    disci-  to  recognize  the  existing  autiiority, 

pline,  accustomed  to  unvar)^ing  sue-  seems  to  have  alarmed  the  jealousy 

cess,  and  led  on  by  Bonaparte  in  per-  of  the  blacks,  and  to  have  provoked 

son,    tl^ereby  totally   defeating    the-  the    subsequent   horrors.      France, 

object  of  that  general's  expedition,  in  every  instance,  has  mistaken  tii 


and  finally  forcing  him  to   retreat  character  of  tliese  peo\)le.     Fornii- 

with  the  loss  of  one   tliird  of  his  dable  as  the  armament  tliat  has  amv- 

army."  ed  at  the  Cape  may  appear,  what  can 

Bullock,  who  was  executed  at  20,000  tioops, ,  however  well  disci- 
Cambridge  for  uttering  forged  bank  plined  and  accustomed  to  victory; 
of  England  notes,  by  the  death  of  a  effect  agaiubt  100,000  negroes,  in* 
relation  since  he  was  apprehended,  ured  by  constitution  and  habit  to  a 
came  into  possession  of  an  estate  of  torrid  climate,  which  alone  has  al-» 
nearly  400Z.  per  annum.  ways  proved  tlie  grave  of  European 
.   The  terms  upon  which  Bonaparte  soldiers  ? 

has  agreed  with  pope  Pius  tlie  7th,  St.  Domingo  contains  2,500,000 

that  the  Roman  catholic  religion  shall  acres,    cultivatea    1,500,000,      In-' 

be  that  protected  and  acknowledged  habitants  :    white  people,    42,000  ;' 

by  the  state  in  France,  is  just  pub-  free  people  of  colour,  44,000  3  Ji^i^d 

lished,  and  known  by  the  name  of  slaves,  600,000. 

the  '^  Concordat."  See  State  Papers.  In  the   beginning  of  1790,   the' 

Sir  Francis  Burdct  moved  in  the  colony  contained  431  plantations  of 

house  of  commons  tliis  day  "  that  clayed   sugar,   362   of  muscovadoy 

the  conduct  of  the  late    ministry,  3J 17  of  coflce,  789  of  cotton,  3l6o 

both  at  home  and  abroad,  during  the  of  indigo,  54  of  cocoa,  and  ^23  ol* 

war,  should  be  inquired  into  :  it  was  smaller  setdements,   raising   grain, 

rejected  by  a  majority  of  207,  only  yams,  and  otlier  food. 

39  were  for  it.  In   17S9  they   exported,    fmm 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  Alexandria, ,  Jan.  1,  to  Dec.  30  in  the  same  year, 

received    tliis   day,    dated   January  47,516,531  lbs.     of   white    sugar, 

12th. — '*^  A  most  horible  transaction  93,573,300   do.    of  brown   sujrar, 

took  place  just  before  I  left  Rosetta.  76,835.2.19  do.  of  coflee,  7,004,274 

Several  unfortunate  girls,  natives  of  do.  of  cotton,  758,629  do    of  jndi- 

the  country,  to  tlie  nuaiber  of  about  gx),    and  many  odler  articles,  such* 

thirty,  who  had  been  kept  by  English  as  hides  and  molasses  spirits,  to  the 

officers  and  ©thers^  were,  at  the  mo-  amount  of  171^544^6641  livres,  an^ 

C  c  3  employed 


30O 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1S02. 


cmpl-'y?!  112,253  tons  cfiLipp'.ng, 
acd  1 1,220  seair.r:r. 

The  nirzr:«  at  S:.  D'.niirigo  rori- 
miited  I-oiiid  cruellies  and  r.7va^f^ 
in  their  retrtat  trcm  Lhe  Prr-ch 
troops.  T'j.:-i3aint  is  =tj:ed  t:-  iia'.e 
vliiidra-A ::  to  thi*  r.idir.t.'ii^i  in  ti:e 
interior,  w  here  Le  oc-'uplr s  a  pc-itit  -n 
fitionc:  bo:h  bv  nature  2:ul  en.  Fn.  m 
this  pc.-ii'.cn  he  wiil  -end  detach- 
ments to  harass  the  Frtnch  trocp=, 
arl  Lo  procure  supplies.  Most  of 
the  maritime  tcT\ns  are  said  to  have 
been  burnt,  and  many  of  the  v.hite 
inhabitar.t3  carried  away  by  Tous- 
saint. 

l/th.  Advices  from  Paris  an- 
ncuiice,  that  on  the  10th  Losunt  tho 
decades  expired,  and  that  on  the 
following  day  (Sunday)  the  sr.bbath 
wai  reinstated  in  all  its  ancient 
spL'ndours  :  a  memombic  cour.rcr- 
re^clution! 

lc>th.  Sir  Ed'.vard  Law's  (lare  at- 
tr,i:iey-generab  app^intnient  to  the 
hi^h  olrice  cf  lord  thieif  justice  <.f  die 
kir.g's  hrC'jh,  in  t!:e  rorin  of  die 
great  andgood  Icrd  Kenyon  (for  iin 
acccur.t  o*  whose  death  see  the  t.  nd  'ji 
tiii^  mGi.th>,was  this  day  annoiim  ^J, 
as  al?!0  his  creation,  by  the  :^n:e, 
style,  end  tide  of  baron  hil-n- 
bovoiigh,  of  Elicnborcugh,  in  the 
coi- !)  ty  c t"  C u . nhf ; r!an d . 

D^vid  For»:=irr,  l^iicly  «"\'ruted 
for  tiifc  murder  cf  captain  Pigo:,  tjf 
iJie  Her mioiie,  made  tl'.e  follo'-ving 
t}j',f.k:i:2[  coxiIV^moii  a  few  niir.Tiifs 
j,.i»  .'.o*s  to  hi">  being  tiuiicd  otY: 
'i»i.it  i.e  went  i.Ao  ili'r  cabin,  and 
foi'.jA  capLiin  Pigot  overboard 
tlirr.ii^h  the.  port,  wiiilc  he  was  alive. 
tic  ili  r.  ;rc\.  on  therjuarter-dcck,  an^i 
foiihd  ih<-  lirsr  lieutenant  bcggin,^  tor 
his  iiac,  sayin;^  i;?  had  a  wife  and 
three  <.hild;en  d«  ;.riidirg  on  him  for 
support ;  he  ti  -f/k  hold  of  him,  and 
ttbisted  in  Lca\i2;g  him  ovtiloard 


a!:-,  e,  and  .irclared  he  did  not  thiDk 
t:ie  p< :  plf  'A  I  uid  have  taken  his  lifi^ 
h.i  J  he  no:  hrst  took  hold  of  him. 
A  cry  was  then  heard  through  tht 
chip,  thill  lieutenant  Douglas  could 
n-  t  be  li.und :  he  took"  a  lantern 
and  oan->,  and  went  into  the  gnn- 
riv-ni,  ar.d  f;und  the  lieutenant 
ur.^cr  th^  nurine  officer's  cabin:  ht 
called  in  the  rest  of  the  people,  when 
they  dragged  him  un  deck,  and  threw 
him  ovrr beard.  He  next  caught 
hold  cf  Mr.  Smith,  midshipman;  a 
soifHeen-ued,  and  nndinghimlikdljr 
to  .:  et  a\\  av,  he  struck  him  with  his 
tcniahawk,  and  threw  him  over- 
board. The  general  cry  next  was  fo 
putung  :il:  the  ctrlcers  to  death,  that 
they  mi^ht  not  appear  as  evidence 
against  diem,  and  he  seized  on  the 
captain's  clerk,  who  was  immediaid/ 
pur  to  dftidi." 

In  the  court  of  king's  bench,  an 
action  v  as  brought  upon  the  case  for 
seduction,  by  Mrs.  Thcudosia  Barrifl^ 
who  wia  the  V.  idow  of  an  officer  who 
had sened  wiih  considerable  reputa- 
tion  and  braver)'  during  the  American 
war.  Upon  the  termination  cf  that 
co:/.est,  he  came  over  to  this  coun* 
tri  with  his  a\  ife,  the  present  plain- 
tin,  who  was  the  daugliter  of  a  dis- 
tinguished American  loyalist.  They 
tGr)k  a  house  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Elackheath,  where  the\'  lived  f^r 
several  yenrs  upon  an  annuity  fiff 
t-ie-r  joint  lives  of  400/. 

Mr.  Barrill*  died  about  six  yeaiB 
ago,  leaving  his  \\  ife  and  a  daugjitcr* 
tlif  n  eleven  years  of  age.  IVIiss  Maria 
Biuritt"  v.as  a  young  lady  extremdj 
well  educated,  and  possessed  of  un- 
common beauty  and  accomplish- 
ments. It  happened  about  t^voyean 
and  a  halt*  ago  she  went  with  her 
modier  to  Asiot-heath  races,  when 
they  accidcndy  met  the  defendant 
who  waa  iiiUoduccd  lo  them  as  ^^ 

acquainUnot 


/ 


CHRONICLE. 


SW 


acquaintance  of  the  friend  at  whose ' 
house  they  resided  during  their 
excursion.  The  defendant  paid  very 
particular  attention  to  Miss  B^rriff, 
and  professed  himself  a  candidate  for 
the  honour  of  her  hand  in  marriage. 
Soon  after  her  return  home  with  her 
mother,  she  was  visited  by  the  de- 
fendant,  who  declared  his,  intention 
in  form  5  and  as  Mrs.  Barriff,  upon 
inquiry,  found  his  connections  were 
respectable,  and  his  prospects  flat- 
tering, she  gave  her  consent  to  his 
addressing  her  daughter  as  her  future 
husband.  The  courtship  continued 
till  last  summer,  when  the  day  for 
the  celebration  of  the  nuptials  was 
appointed.  No  suspicion  whatever 
of  any  dishonourable  design  on  the 
part  of  the  defendant  was  entertained, 
consequently  it  was  not  thought  ne- 
cessary to  impose  any  restraint  with 
regard  to  the  intercourse  of  the 
young  couple,  who  were  to  be  so 
soon  united.  They  frequently  went 
to  assemblies  and  different  public 
places,  sometimes  alone,  and  some- 
times with  their  mutual  friends. — 
In  the  month  of  July  last,  a  tew  ^ 
months  bet  ore  the  marriage  was  to 
have  taken  place,  Mr.  Hollam- 
by  invited  Miss  Barritf  and  her 
mother  to  accompany  him  with  a 
party  to  Vauxhall  3  Mrs.  Barriff 
excused  hei'self  on  account  of  indis- 
position, but  sutiered  her  daughter 
to  go  witli  him. 

The  remainder  of  the  case  was 
detailed  by  MissBarriff,  who  twice 
fainted  during  the  recital.  She  said 
she  accompanied  tlie  defendant  in  a 
coach  as  far  as  Westminster-bridge, 
were  they  took  water,  and  proceeded 
to  Vauxhall.  When  they  had  been 
some  time  in  the  gardens,  they  joined 
the  defendant's  party,  consisting  o( 
several  ladies  and  gentlemen,  none 
•f  whom  the  witness  knew.    They 


engaged  a  box*,  and  about  eleven 
o'clock  sat  down  to  supper.  There 
were  several  swts  of  wine  upon  the 
table,  of  which  the  defendant  pressed 
her  to  partake.  In  the  course  of 
tlie  evening,  several  of  the  company 
became  much  elevated,  and  drank 
her  healtli  as  Mrs.  HollarabV.  Heif 
own  spirits  Were  raised  by  the  com- 
pliment, and  she  was  persuaded  to 
drink  a  glass  of  Champagne.  She 
found  herself  shortly  after  indis- 
posed, and  signified  her  wish  to 
returii.  The  defendant  and  herself 
quitted  tlie  gardens,  and  he  handed 
her  into  a  carriage,  and  ordered  the  * 
coachman  to  drive  to  Blackheath. 
She  grew  worse,  and  became  totally 
insensible.  When  vshe  recovered 
herself,  she  perceived  she  was  in  a 
bed-chamber,  wiih  the  defendant 
near  her.  She  was  conscious  of  her 
situation,  and  of  die  outrage  she 
had  sustained.  She  swooned,  and 
was  a  long  time  before  she  recovered. 
When  she  came  to  herself,  the  de- 
fendant endeavoured  to  appease  her  j 
but  she  insisted  on  returtilng  home. 
The  defendant  XM  her  it  was  im- 
possible to  return  till  tlie  morning  j 
that  her  mother  would  not* expect 
her,  and  tiiat  their  marriage  would 
take  place  on  the  day  appointed. 
She  consented  to  remain,  on  con- 
dition he  quitted  tlie  room.  He  did 
so,  and  she  threw  herself  on  the  bed 
in  a  state  of  distradion  and  (Jespair.— 
The  next  morning  she  returned  to 
her  mother,  and  related  all  that  h^ 
passed.  It  appeared  the  house  sh« 
had  been  in  had  been  hired  and 
furnished  by  the  defendant.  He 
never  afterwards  came  near  her 
mother's  house,  but,  on  the  contraiy, 
paid  his  addre<;ses  to  ayoung  lady  of 
fortune  in  London.  Mrs.  BarrifF 
waited  on  the  fathta:  of  this  lady, 
and  apprizied  him  4i(  the  defendaiit*9, 
C  c  4  disi^oxiouj;dble 


sds 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


dishonourable'  conduct ;  in-  conse-  Mansion-house.  The  train  of  car- 
qucnce  of  which  he  forbade  his  riagcs  belonging  to  the  nobility, 
visits  to  his  daughter.     The  plaintilF    members  of  parliament  and.  others. 


thi'n  brought  the  present  action,  and 
after  a  full  hearing  of  all  tlie  circiHii- 
stances,  the  jury,  to  the  gre-at  >i?Ais- 
lliction  of  a  most  crowded  court, 
gave  a  vcrd'fct  for  the  plaintift'wirh 
1000/.  damac^. 

The  entorUmment  given  this  day 
by  the  lord  mayor  w  as  of  tlie  most 
elegant  description.  No  expense 
was  spared  to  render  it  in  every  rc- 


who  tollowed  the  prince,  was  im-. 
mens^.  I'he  city  marshals  met  his 
royal  highness  at  T  cmple-bar ;  and 
si.ch  was  the  high  and  deserved 
resjjert  paid  to  him,  that,  cotwith- 
standing  he  did  not  go  in  state,  the 
city  militia  lined  the  streets  from 
Ludgate-hill  to  the  Mansion-house 
on  the  occn.sion.  On  his  arrival  at 
1  cmple-bar,   the  admiring  populace 


spect  sali.ifactory,  and    tlie  utmost     ninnifesitd  tlicir  atfection   and  re- 
tasic  was  displayed  in  the  wliolc  i)i    gard  towards  the  amiable  pr'uice  by 


the  arraiigrments.  The  iuviia:iiins 
wcic  very  nUiUerous,  iind  the  com- 
pany consisted  of  jxrsons  of  the 
iirst  di-tiiiction  and  fashion. 

'I'hc  priijcc  of  Wales,  >s  ith  a  nu- 
raerou:^  party  of  his  frien^ls,  honoured 
the  lord  mayor  vvitli  liis  company  on 
the  uecasion.  His  royal  hidmess 
set  out  from  Carlton-house  iiix^ut 
half  p.ir^t  four,  accompanird  by  tlu; 
dukes  of  Clareuce,  Cunibc  ri;ind, 
an. I  CamlMid'Te,  in  their  dre.->s  ear- 
ria^rrs.  Tii^-  prime  was  attended 
by  ihc  e.^rls  of  Harrin'non,  Moir.i, 
and  Gninanl,  lord  Forbes,  the  hun. 
Tiiomiii  K:skine,  Mr.  llcriie),  sir 
John  }}orla?,e  \A  arrcn,  sir  iri.  Fe- 
'  thtTstoii.iugh,  gencTiil  Ltlgli,  <-oio- 
nels  Vvvrjyard,  .Si>t,ni  er,  Anson, 
Tyrwhit,  AI^\iiihi:ii,  a)  a!  l^alrviuple, 
in    sexTTiil     coa^.  iics.        Ilis     r<:v:d 

'  hi-:hiieos  v«'r)rc  a  j^enerol's  Irak  uiii- 
fonn,  ^v'iili  his  -\jr,  j.'^arter,  ;ii>d 
Geo^i';r :  *  lie     i/i'fked     n:J7iaik::;;Iy 

"  we]],  ;iijd  was  in  hldi  s;..iriis.  The 
du't^r  of  Cl.uciM'e  \v:ii>  in  his  naval 
v.ui'i.Tii:,  jiJiu  I'W  ot]:er  prij^vs  in 
tho.:f  f>'  ii:vir  f.j>:  nee  live  rci^inii  :ii.s. 

,  The  ^iliaiii  hc/u  of  the  >viJe  imtt 
"tlM-   f:'')'re<s}fm    -ar    -CMrUon-h^ni^c-., 

"  "aSid  ifiirii^-diatclypiared  himself  under 
fii';  st'.udard  of  the  beloved  iieir 
apparciiii,  and  atUnded  him  to  the 


loud  and  reiterated  shouts  of  ap- 
plause, and  still  further  to  show  their 
attachment,  they  took  the  horses 
out  of  his  carriage,  and,  with  loyal 
exultation,  drew  the  object  of  their  . 
regard  from  thence  to  the  Mansion- 
house.  Ihe  windows  all  tlie  way. 
Here  crowded  with  ladies,  who 
an:;iously  assembled  to  greet  -thte 
ro}'al  visitor  :  a  great  proliuion  of 
be;iuty  and  loveliness  was  displaye^^ 
and  nodiing  could  suq>ass  the  ami- 
able iuid  fascinating  elegance  with 
Mijicli  the  prince  acknowledged  and 
ret  nil. ed  their  plaudits,  and  those  of 
the  people,  who  crowded  evtay  part 
of  the  str(\-ts  to  beliold  and  app&ud 
his  roval  hidmess.  On  his  arrival 
at  t};i;  jMani ion-house  he  was  re- 
ceived by  the  lord  and  lady  mayoiiesf. 
Vriili  (dl  due  formality,  and  conducts 
ed  inio  the  \  eueiian  parloiu",  fron' 
whence  he  shortly  proceeded  to  the 
hg}pti:in  hall,  where  a  most  elegant 
ciiTertainriient  was  provided  tor  the 
toiupiiny,  and  of  which  his  royal 
iiijiiiieir.T  and  his  friends  partook. 

Ine  <ompaijy  having  risen  from 
the  lb.ti\e.  table,  proceeded  to- the 
ball-rofinij  \\^iich  wai*  most  elegantlT 
deeorated  all  round  w  ith  variegated 
Limjxs  M  ith  eight  arche*s  on  the  top. 

Ills  ball  was    upeucd  by    the 

{ffiocc 


CHRONICJLE.  •       sas 

piiace  Xii  'Wales  aiid  Miss  Earner,  At  five  o'clock  this  morning ' 
who  alhO  danced  alterwards  with  ^Ir.  Shaw  liel  oil'  fiom  Baiton  la 
the  duke  of  Cumberland.  The  London,  to  decide  a  wager  lie  had 
prince  departed  in  as  private  a  man  made  of  lOCK)  guineas,  that  he  would 
ner  as  possible:  but  being  j-ecog-  ride  ou  horsebuc]:Lhe  above  distance, 
nized  by  the  people,  he  received  which  is  1/1  miles,  in  tv/elve  sue- 
again  tJie  hearty  greetings  oi  the  cessivc  hours.  As  many  consider- 
iQultitude.  able  bets  were  depending,  crowds 
.  Admiral  Gantheaume  has  relumed  of  people  lined  the  road  along  which. 
to  France,  having  debarked  all  the  he  had  to  puss,  to  see  the  arduous 
troops  his  squadron  containe.d  at  St.  unv;ei:taking.  Mr.  Shaw  arri*cd  id: 
Domingo ;  retreat  being  then  oiit  of  Sliorcditdi  church  at  half  pas>t  three 
tl^p  question,  there  remains  for  them  i)'<Mock  in  the  afternoon,  being  aa 
now  no  alternative  but  to  conquer  hour  :md  a  half  within  the  time,  and 
or  die:  Toussaint  was  still  in  con-  huving  had,  in  the  course  of  tlic 
siderable  for^e,  and  seveial  battles  journey,  htteen  ciianges  oi  lior^es- 
hadbeen  fought  wi til  various  success.  Finding  himself  much  fatigued  oa 
The  opinion  of  the  French  was  his  arrival,  he  took ,  tome  refresh- 
every  day  declining  from  .I>e  Clerc,  m-^nt  at  the  Vine  in  Eishopsgate- 
^ssA  resting  on  the  veteran  Rocham-  sticct.,  and  shortly  afier  retired  io 
beau,  the  second  in  command.  rest.  • 

The  following  melancholy  cir-  24th.  Tiilg  day,,  the  whole  of  the 
cumstance  occurred  at  Wartling-  militia  rnd  fcncible  regiments  were 
hill,  in  Sussex:— A  daughter  of  disbanded;  tJie  reduction  of  the  i^o- 
Mr.  Jones,  of  the  pbove  place,  being  gular  Iroops  will  speedily  take  pliice. 
very  ill,  two  other  young  women,  0\\  Sunday  morning  last,  April 
ber  sisters,  sat  up  in  her  chamber,"  ISdi,  tiie  law  respecting  tlie  *f  6ott- 
to  administer  every  aiit,i.stance  in  cordat,^*  and  the  organization  c£ 
their  power  to  the  inviiiiJ.  In  tlie  public  worship,  was  published  at 
mid^llc  of  the  night,  however,  they  Paris  witli  the  greatest  sckn'rJfyj: 
both  tell  asleep,  when  the  clothes  on  this  memorable  day  also  (i>e  drat 
<rf  one  of  them  caught  hre  from  the  consul  ratified,  the  general  peace.— - 
candle,  and  she  was  in  consequence  He  repaired  to  tiie  metropolitauii 
so  severely  burnt;,  that  no  hoj:)es  church  at  tlie  appointed  IwHir,  in  .a 
were  entea-taincd  of  Jier  recovery,  carriage  drawn  by  tught  horses. — 
The  otiier  sister  was  al^  so  much  He  was  accom]>anied  by  tlie  tw« 
burnt  in  attempting  to  CKlinguish  other  consuls :  tlie  cortege  of  the 
the  flames  in  which  her  companion  ambassadors,  ministers  and  conn- 
was  enveloped,  that  her  life  is  sellors  of  state,  in  tjidr  respective 
thougiit  to  be  in  daiigc:r.  To  arid  carriages-  The  magnificence  and  de- 
to  the  aflliction  of  t]3e  parent,  the  portnicnt  of  the  troops  of  every  de- 
daughter  whose  illness  occasioned  sa'iption,  the  beaiity  of  the  Spanish 
the  sitting  up  of  the  otlier  two  is  and  Arabian  horses,  superblv  har- 
«ince  dead.  nessed  and  led  by  Ala'meiouks,  -and, 

21st.     This  morning  the  honour-  above   all,  the  acclamaiions  of  Uic 

able    Mr.    Pierpoint    ijrrived    from  people  on  the  appearance  of  tiie  first 

Paris  with  the  ratification  of  die  trea-  consul,  gave  to  ihii/itc  the  genuine 

tj'of  peace  ivith  the  i^'rench  repubhc.  cliaracterof  a  triumphal  entrv. 

The 


894        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


Thr*.  archbihhop  of  Paris,  and  all 
thr;  clf'TkH^',  received  the  consuls  at 
the  gate  of  the  church,  and  the 
first  consul,  under  a  superb  canopy, 
r(!<H'ived  the  oaths  on  the  gosj>el  of 
the  new  bisliups.  The  weak  voice  of 
tlie  an  hbihhopof  Tours  did  not  per- 
mit him  to  be  distinctly  heard.  It  ap- 
jK'.ired  on  the  whole,  that  whether 
from  tlie  great  capacity  of  the  build- 
ing, (he  unfortunate  distribution  of 
lljc  musicians,  or  from  some  other 
lc?>s  apparent  cause,  the  Te  Dcuin  of 
Paisielio  did  not  produce  its  expected 
rlfecl . 

The  proecssi(Mi  returned  in  the 
same  order  to  the  palace  of  the 
i!;overnment.  The  i  ononis  were  in 
an  unitbrm  of  green  \\ilh  gold  lace, 
and  tlie  ministers  in  one  of  yellow 
with  silver  embroidery.  A  mag- 
nilicent  illumination  of  the  Thn- 
illeries,  and  which  ^^'as  general 
tlnoughout  Paris,  concluded  this 
niiignificent  day,  during  which  the 
caiuKui  never  ceased  to  be  Jieard. 

The  c  agerness  of  the  people  was 
such  as  to  force  the  guards.  Some 
few  obtained  admi?j.sion  inthis  way  5 
but  order  was  soon  restored. 

At  the  late  eiuertaiiimi'nt  at 
Guiklhall  some  disagreement  oc- 
cured  between  the  sheriri's  and  tjie 
lord  mayor  on  the  point  ofeXicpirtte, 
in  consecjuence  of  which  iliey  did 
not  attend  the  dinner,  ami  diA  niitjg 
it  necessary  to  npolv)gi'/e  to  the 
prince  (>f  Wales  up(n\  the  occasion, 
his  royal  highness  though  it  proper 
to  seiidlliem  the  following  answer: 

*'   CarltoTL- house,  Jpiil  21,  1802. 

*'  Gentlcmc-n, 

''  1  am  conmianded  by  the  prince 
of  Wall's  to  say,  it  is  matter  of  im- 
fei^^nc'd  concern  to  his  royal  highness 
to  iliid  h*.j»  noL  Iiaving  had*  the  pita- 


sure  of  meeting  you  in  the  city  on 
Monday  last  wns  owing  to  any  mis- 
conception between  you  and  the  lord  * 
mayor  ;  for  his  royal  highness  must 
lament  that  a  shadow  of  dissatis&o 
tion  to  any  one  should  arise  out  of  a 
day  which  will  always  stand  mosi 
giatefully  distinguished  in  his  recol- . 
lection.  I  am  directed  to  add,  that 
his  royal  highnesses  regret  cannot  but 
be  the  more  lively  when  the  cir- 
cumstance refers  to  persons  so  pro- 
minent in  official  station,  and  in 
private  character,  as  you  are. 

"  His  ro}'al  highness  is  coiivincedi 
that  whilst  you  accept  the  expression 
of  his  concern,  as  applying  to  you 
individually,  and  whilst  you  give 
credit  for  perfect  sensibility  to  your 
obliging  declarations  of  attachment, ' 
you  \\  ill  feel  the  propriety  of  lui 
abstaining  from  any  allusion  to  the 
question  of  claims,  on  which  he 
caimot  hold  himself  at  all  entitled  to 
judge. 

*'  I  am,  gentlemen,  your  most 
obedient  humble  servant, 

"  ITionias  Tyrwhit." 

24th.  Tlic  Gazette  of  this  dajr 
contains  the  pleasing  intelligence  of 
the  formal  ac^cession  of  the  courts  ' 
of  JDenmark  and  Sweden  to  the  con- 
vention between  Great  Britain  and 
Rus.sia,  and  of  the  system  of  armed 
neutrality  in  the  North  having  of 
conscijuence  been  completely  an-' 
nulled  and  abandoned.  This  great 
evi  nt  crowns  the  pacific  exertions  of 
his  majesty's  ministers,  and  affords 
an  adtlitional  security  for  the  conti- 
nuance of  those  blessings  irhlcb 
gn  iit  Ikitain  autl  Europe  are  about' 
to  enjoy. 

An  information  having  been  filed 
against  Allen  M'Lcod,  esq.  by  his  ma- 
jesty's a  tU)rney-general,ibrwritiDgan4 
publi:diing,  in  the  Albion  daily  paper/ 

alibel 


CHRONTCLE. 


S9S 


1  Qpon  the  late  earl  of  Clare,  be 
his  day  brought  to  trial  at  Guild- 
>efore  Mr.  justice  Grose. 
le  attorney -general  stated  the 
>n  tlie  part  of  the  crown .  Hav- 
)aid  a  high  complimeut  to  the 
ts,'  integrity,  and  zeal  of  die  late 
Clare,  to  whose  meritorious 
tons,  he  said,  was  to  be  attri- 
i  the  suppression  of  the  re- 
)n,  he  observed,  that  tlie  libel 
>ablished  in  the  shape  of  a  letter 
rd  Chire,  in  the  Albion  of  the 
of  April  1801,  in  which  the 
idant  censured  his  lordship 
ia\ing  described  the  Irish  pea- 
y  as  vindictive  and  blood-tliirs- 
md  inferred,  that  the  greatest 
'  to  the  contrxir}'^  was,  that  a 
so  detested  as  his  lordship  could 
abroad  in  safety  in  that  country. 
libel  drew  a  parallel  between  his 
hip  and  the  duke  of  Bucking- 
,  who  was  assassinated  by  Feiton 
lie  reiy^n  of  kingr  James,  and 
losticated  the  probability  of  his 
hip's  sharing  the  same  fate, 
en  proceeded  to  a  general  re^^a- 
ition  of  his  lordship's  poliiical 
and  attributed  to  him  motives  of 
nost  malevolent  nature,  such  as 
ted  the  just  indigudtion  of  the 
c. 

lere  was  a  second  count,  tor 
ber  libel,  in  the  sunie  paprr,  on 
I4tli  of  Apiil,  charging  his  lord- 
as  tiie  author  of  liic  .sy-Lcm  of 
;ion  and  torture  adopted  in  Ire- 
during  tlje  late  tioubles.  'J  he 
ney-generai  contended,  that  the 
was  one  upon  wjiicli  the  jury 
i  not  hesitates  in  pronouncing 
iefendant  ouilty. 
oof  of  tlic  pa'olication .  was 
1 5  after  which  Mr.  Scott  <^d- 
led  the  jury  for  the  defendant, 
argument  was  a  very  brilliant 
ay  of  eloquence  and  legal  know- 


ledge, ffe  considered  the  lib^  as  a 
history  of  transactions  which  had 
actually  taken  place,  and  tliat  the 
defendant,  ih  commenting  upoa 
them,  had  only  exercised  tliat  pri- 
vilege which  A\  as  justified  by  tlie  prin- 
ciples upon  N^  hich  the  llbeity  of  tine 
press  was  founded.  He  maintained 
that  lord  Clare  was  the  avo"wed  jiup- 
porter  of  that  system  wfiich  was 
recurred  to  in  Irelacd,  in  or<ler  to 
extort  confession  ;  and  insiiited,  that 
tlie  publication  of  an  acknowledged 
truth  \^'as  not  a  libeL  In  support  <tf 
this  doctrine,  the  contraiy  of  which 
had  only  been  recognized  in  the  star 
chamber,  he  quoted  the  opinion  of 
all  the  eminent  lawyers  and  states- 
men of  antiquity,  w1k>  had  ever 
written  or  expressed  tlieir  sentiments 
upon  the  subject.  He  concluded 
with  trusting  that  the  defendant 
would  be  acquitted  of  tiic  charge 
imputed  to  him. 

Mr.  M'Leod  addressed  the  jury  In 
a  speech  of  much  force  and  -energy. 
His  argument  was  chicfiy  calcubted 
to  impress  the  jury  M'itli  a  persuasion^ 
that  witli  whatever  freedom  he  had 
communicated  his  sentiments  to  the 
public  upon  political  subjects,  no- 
thing was  ever  further  from  his 
thoughts  tlian  to  render  eithei  lord 
Clare,  or  any  individual,  the  object  of 
po]iular  fury. 

Earl  Camden  'v^'^s  called  to  prove 
that  tlie  late  eail  Clare  was  the  sup- 
porter of  the  coercive  system  ;  but 
his  lordship's  evidence  was  judged 
inadmissible. 

The  attorney-general  replied. 

Mr.  justice  Grose  made  a  few 
observations  to  the  jury,  and  tlie  de- 
fendant was  found  guilty. 

'I  he  same  defendant  was  again  in- 
dicted for  a  libel  published  in  ^ic 
Albion,  in  which  he  stated,  that  the 
.  acts  of  ^arlkuiieut  pa^ised,  tor  the 

purpose 


i.  .  .vViT     REGISTER,    1S02. 

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fi  :    r--                       .-.-••  !ilie  Ecadle:  of  We-Ttmiostertvoandtwo!, 

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Tx.'     ..    ">    ■:  ..."  .CI  ; --  ■-»  -J-: —  1  Li?  -tin. 

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a^  C  "-•.:>:  c :": i.e  ;. : ih  bsilifF. 

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:.:  ■:  :..;.'.*■-,/ !:h  1.:^  :tl..*_c:  ar:.-.=    rt-:!  ::.j   f.ri  •.■:'r:'aflL'n  aloud^ 

..;.  :                  'I.-:    1:.::.:-'-.    .::i:r.-  :i:.J.  tl.e  ::r-Cii5i::i   ±i:n  moved  on. 

r.                      .-::.-.,    ...::  :1."  l-.i.-ii.Ca  ::;  tl  v   r.r.*  '.  r.:-r,  to  lcniple*bar> 

r. _. '.    -..;:,     .   ■  r.'r.vi   in  tlic  ri.r  L..icaor  v. I::*.l~.  bcir.zshut,  Rot^ 

-•    -i-   ■:.  .         ■•    J -.-.'-■>".;   or.drht:  Dri^^r.,  purs'ji'.j;;:  alarms,  left  the 

■  :.  .:  -r...i  L -i:  j  :...L:r:.d  in  Li'c'_:;>-iv.:i,  a::i^.  .i::t.':niDan:edbv  tii'O 
»:  .  ■  r  ;■■    ^■-  *..  :  '..:. ii'i-.  ::..■.:  r-  ur.t-  :r.:mrct;.T?,  prect-^ed  bv  two  hcrsc- 

•  .'..'...  ■•'■'.:.  ::j.\:i.'.  :r  rt.  :I.  .-rj.e  iT-arc^  i!^  (.'-:..:»'  tlic  '.vjv,  rede  up  to 
:                ..'.:-:.:.    .".:.-::?.- V.'i :..>., r  iIi'-   i:^t-,   :::'.d,    *.::^t  the  trumpets 

•..'  '. :,   ."         _■  .:-^r  j.r::.t:i-  h_'I  s.uzicd  :i.r: :?,    :vr.r<ked  with 

.  .;            ':    .".■.■:,  :-j  ■  i  i  i-  niajr-siv's  L:^  ci::e.     On  v./w.-r  a-ked  bv  the 

: -;..i.",;.    hi'..;.:.     -..I.iiiii    UIi^j:  'litf"-:::.::--;!!^!  !r-.ni  \viTl:i:i,    "  Who 

... ;,    t..":   ;-   .•_--■'  r    ^,:\-.;;ix;cd  to  ^--...iies  :iirrc- i-"  i.e  replied^  "  The cf- 

C- - ' i - / - ; .  - i i  - 1 : ..  1- - .,4 :  liucii  of  arms,    w iio  demand  en- , 

trano0 


y 


CHRONICLE. 


sar 


trance  into  the  city,  to  publish  his 
majesty's  proclamation  of  peace." 
The  spates  being  opened,  he  was  ad- 
mitted alone,  and  the  gates  were  im- 
mediately- shnt  again.  The  city- 
marshal,  preceded  by  his  officers, 
then  conducted  him  to  the  lord- 
mayor,  (\yho,  with  the  aldermen,  re- 
corder, and  sheriifs,  attended  within 
thegates^)  to  whom  he  shewed  his 
majesty's  waiTant,  which  his  lord- 
ship on  reading  returned,  and  gave  di- 
rections to  the  city- marshal  to  open 
the  gates . )  The  marshiil  attended  tlic 
pursuivant  back,  and  opened  the 
gates  accordingly,  and  on  leaving 
Lim,  said,  "  Sir,  the  gates  are  open- 
ed." The  tnim})ets  and  horse-guards 
being  in  waiting,  then  conducted  him 
to  his  place  in  the  procession,  which 
then  moved  on  into  the  city,  except 
the  officers  of  Westminster,  who 
filed  off  and  retired  as  they  went  to 
Temple-bar.  At  Chancery-lane,  the 
Somerset  herald  read  the  proclama- 
tipn,  and  the  city  officers  then  fall- 
ing into  the  procession,  immediately 
after  the  officers  of  arms,  it  moved 
on  to  the  end  of  Wood-street,  where 
.tlie  crass  fornierly  stood,  in  Cheap- 
side.  After  the  reading  of  the  pro- 
clamation' here  by  Richmond  hendd, 
the  procession  moved  on  to  the  Royal 
Exchange,  where  the  proclamation 
.was  read  for  the  last  time  by  Rouge 
Croix,  pursuivant. 

A  most  melancholy  accident  hap- 
pened just  as  the  heralds  came  abreast 
pf  the  New  churcli  in  the  strand.  A 
railing  runs  round  the  roof  of  the 
church,  adorned  with  stone  urns  at 
equal  4istanccs ;  a  man,  amongst 
the  numbers  of  tliose  who  crowded 
on  the  n)of  to  see  the  procession, 
happened  to  be  leaning  his  hand 
upon  the  urn  before  him :  as  h^ 
stretched  forward  it  fe.ll  off;  several 
'  pf  Jl^e  spi;clators  saw  the  4one  in  the 


instant  of  its  fall,  and  raised  aloud 
shriek,  whidi  created  dreadful- alarm 
in  all*  who  were  in  the  area  before  the 
church.  It  crushed  three  young 
men  in  its  descent  5  one  was  strucE 
upon  thd  head,  and  died  instantly^ 
the  second  so  much  'Wounded  thatt 
he  died  on  his  way  to  the  hospital^ 
and  the  third  died  two  days  after. 

In  consequence  of.  the  pressure  <lf 
the  crowd  about  tlie  spot,  sever^ 
other  people  were  also  hurt. 

The  urn,  whicli  weighed  aboiJt 
20O  lbs.  struck  and  carried  away  in 
its  descent  a  part  of  the  cornicle  f£ 
the  church  :  it  stood  upon  a  socket, 
and  had  l^een  only  secured  hy  a 
wooden  ppikc  running  up  tlic  centre, 
which  was  totally  decayed,  and  con- 
sequently broke  off  with  a  very  slight  , 
degfee  of  pressiye  ;  it'  bfV)ke  a  large' 
flag  »o  pieces  in  the  area  below,  and 
sunk  some  inches  into"  the  ground. 
*  The  illuminations  at  nitfht  were 
very  general,  and  never,  on  any  fo«i- 
mer  occasion,  more  splendid. 

The  principal  displays  vs -ere  at  IVIr. 
Otto's,  Portman-square,  the  Tndia- 
house,  the  bank'of  EnL'liirJ,  Drury- 
lane  theatre,  and  the  pv.l.i:c  '-ffices. 

DiED.r-oth,  at  liath.  i...;y.i  lord 
Kenyon.  [For  a  particular  ::^<()iiiit 
of  this  great  man,  wc  i;f«r  our 
readers  to  another  [j^u't o'  this  v/orK  ] 

31st.  About  tive  o\  ioek  In.  the 
morning,  at  his  house  iii  i'ii^c^.diuly, 
in  the  45th  year  of  his  r.gc-j  il\cri;:;ht 
honourable  George  earl  uf  v.ji  :!^;i.v>r:i. 
His  lordship  was  lir.st  man  ice!  -o  n. 
daughter  of  the  earli)f  Biickin-.l::/  .- 
shiie,  by  whom  he  liid  tuo  'pii.-. 
who  died  in  their  inr:r.i(\v  :  va  ii.-i 
ladyship's  decease,  he  n:::rrie(l  Mi,  .^ 
Coutts,  eldest  d;iu.;htvr  of  the  cr.. 
"nent  bankcof  Jiat  ii.'.iiie,  hy  w'".  -. 
hehad  a  d.'uu'hivi",  v.hosuniv         .  . 


and  a  son,    who  dle<! 
ajoutlis  4pce.— J-4V5  ii 


al»o 


•  V4«..r  « 


.a 


SOS        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


i;tle,  and  the  riiLiileil  family  estates, 
am(»untiiig  to  IbOOU/.  per  ami.  by 
the  lion  )iu;xble  Knincls  Nortli,  his 
T\efK\  l»r  >ih(T»  now  enrl  of  Guildford. 
Ihe  1<>;i;j:  and  p.iinfr.i  ill  >:ate  of  thf 
lur  IopI's  hr.iJth  anisc  from  a  fall 
froiii  hi.-i  horsf,  a  t\:\v  years  since,  at 
Cli^-.litnh::ni,  owing  to  the  animal 
taking  tViL'ht  as  his  Jordahip  wa.spre- 
»f-ntiuti  -i  iKisket  of  fruit'  to  Miss 
Co'.uts,  afterwards  countess  oi  Guild- 
ford. Vtv  this  accident,  it  is  sup- 
j)Oi»-.J.  thf  spine  ot'  his  bar-.k  was  af- 
ftclird,  and  fem  this  fatal  source 
i^ere  dv^rivc-d  all  the  Ixidilv  suffer- 
inirs  under  whicli  he  lan'^uj.^htd  for 
se\erjl  years,  and  that  battled  all  the 
skill  of  the  ablest  physici.ins.  His 
rnnf\ediaie  dis?»olijiion  vas  kx)ked  for 
all  die  last  week  j  on  Tuesday  even- 
ing he  fell  into  a  somnolency  for 
ersht  hours,  out  of  whicii  he  v.aked 
suddtn'v,  a  little  brfcro  five  o'clock 
on  Wednesday  moniing,  when  cast- 
ing his  eye.^  around,  and  lifting  up 
both  hands,  he  utfered  one  groan, 
atad  instantly  expired ! 


MAY. 

l^t.  We  h^vp  much  pleasure  in 
detailincr  the  followinir  distinguished 
mark  (jf  his  maj(=^ty's  mo>t  gracious 
app!obation  of  the  services  of  that 
highly  gillant  and  useful  corps,  the 
man  I J  e^ : 

"  Sir,  Admiralty-office, 

*'  The  earl  of  St.  Vincent  having 
Sf;ir.rnv:rd  to  mv  lords  commissioners 
of  die  admiralty,  that  hia  majesty,  in 
order  to  mark  his  royal  approbation 
of  the  very  in*  ritovious  ^)trvice^  of 
the  corps  of  marin'-s  during  the  late 
war,  has  been  graciously  pleased  to 
direct  that  the  corps  shall  in  future 
lie  St  vied  tlie  Royal  Marines. 

"  I  ha%'e  great  satisfaction  in 
obeying  their  lordships'  commands 


to  communicate  this  intelligence  t9 
3P0U,  and  in  otiering  their  lordshi)>8' 
congratulations  on  this  testimony  of 
the  opinion  his  majest}'  entertains 
cf  the  verv  distincaiished  services  uf 
that  part  of  his  forces  to  which  yoa 
belong.  1  am,  &c. 

tSigned)  "  Evan  Xepean.'. 

*'  To  lieutenant-general  Sou- 
ter  Johnstone,  command- 
ant of  Ae  nrwrines,'* 

At  th*"  Oki  KaiTey,  the  conrt  tras 
occupied  the  greater  part  of  tlus 
mominsr  bv  the  trial  of  Eliza  Jones, 
a  most  respectable  yoimg  lady  in 
appearance,  onl}-  eighteen  yean  of  • 
age,  charged  with  stealing  twelve 
yards  of  black  bee,  value  six  pounds, 
two  silver  table-spoons,  and  some 
pieces  of  sarseret,  in  tlie  dwelling- 
house  oi Sowcrby. 

It  appeared,  by  the  testimony  ef 
Mrs.  Sowerby,    that   her  husband 
was    a    milliner    and  #  fancj'-drcst 
maker  in  Bond-strc  et,  arid  that  thft,  . 
pri>oner  came  to  them  in  Decem?- 
ber,  and  was  to  remain  in  their  busi- 
ness for  twelve  months  for  improve- 
ment, and   for  which  her  niendft 
were  to  pay  them  30/. ;  tlxat  she  coor 
tinned  to  act  in  a  manner  so  as  ta 
give  satisfaction,  until  the  pth  of    . 
t!ie    present    month,    when  Mis. 
Sowerby  missed  the  card  with  the 
black  lace  upon  it :  she  asked'  the 
prisoner  (as  well  as  the  other  yooog^ 
ladies  in  the  shop)  if  she  knew  any 
diing  of  it,  but  she  positively  dcniel    ; 
having  seen  it,   some  pieces  of  sar- 
senet were,  however,  found  in  her. 
possession,  and  the  next  morning^ 
\^ith  many  tears  aiidmuch  apparent  / 
scrrow,  she  acknowledged  her  im- 
proper conduct,  and  delivered  up 
three  pawnbroker's    duplicates   to 
Mrs.  Sowerby,   and  three  others  tD 
another  lady.     By  these  the  artidei 
in  the  indictment  were  traced,  and 

being 


CHRONICLE.  399 

produced  in  court,  were  sworn  length  taken  place.    It  extends  to 

the  wife  of  the  prosecutor.  all  the  emigrants  except  those  who 

le  lord  chief  justice's  remarks  have  been  leaders  of  armies  against 

5  jury  upon  the  evidence  were  the  republic  3  those  who  have  Ivid 

d  by   the  spirit  of  humanity,  rank  in  the  armies  of  the  enemy; 

imented   that   they  shoiild  be  those  who,  since  the  foundation  of 

I  upon  to  decide  on  the  fate  of  the  republic,  have  held  places  in  the 

B'person  as  then  stood  before  households  of  the  French  princes; 

,   she  being  charged  witli  an  those   who  have  been   movers   or 

ce,  which,  if  made  out  to  their  agents  of  civil  or  foreign  war  ;  tj^oso 

action,  would  atiect   her  life,  who  conltnanded  by  land  or  by  sea,  aa 

0  do  this  it  must  clearly  appeiu*  well  as  the  representatives  of  the 
she  had  stolen  to  the  value  of  people  who  have  been  guilt}'  oftrea- 
at  one  time  3  therefore  their  son  against  the  republic,  and  the 
tion  should  be  most  particular-  archbishops  and  bishops  who  have 
aced  upon  the  black  lace,  as  refused  to  give  in  their  resignatioo- 
was  considerably  above  that  To  some  of  the  classes  of  exception 
mt,  and  must  have  been  taken  strong  objections  might  be  made;, 
ce.  It  was,  however,  for  them  particularly  those  which  respect  the 
msider  whether  it  was  not  pos-  movers  of  foreign  or  civil  war,  aiid 

that  some  of  the  other  young  the  non-conforming  bishops, 
s  (for  there  appeared  to  be  four  5  th.  The  following  curiosities 
ve  more  in  the  shop  tli an  had  were  landed  at  the  dock-yard.  Ports- 
called  upon  this  trial)  might  moutli,  from  a  brig  lately  returned 
have,  innocently,  removed  it  from  Egypt.  They  were  sent  home 
►f  the  house,  by  having  taken  it  by  lord  Elgin,  who,  it  is  said,  inten^i 
bow  a  customer,  or  for  some  presenting  them  to  the  king  :^ 
purjx)se,  and  that  the  prisoner,  Cleopatra's  coffin;  head  of  the  The - 
such  removal,  might  have  got  ban  ram,  •  which  is  supposed  to  be 
Lo  her  possession ;  in  such  case  4000  )  ears  old  ;  two  pyramids  from 
might  acquit  her  of  the  capital  Grand  Cairo  3  a  statue  of  Marcus 
J  but  if  they  had  no  such  sus-  Aurelius,  and  one  of  Scipio  in  white 
n,  nor  any -doubts,  it  was  tlieir  marble;  hand  of  a  figure  which  is 
,  however  painful,  to  pronounce  said  to  be  eighty  feet  high,  and  a 
•diet  of  guilty.  great  variety  of  Egyptian  deities. 
lie  jury  went  out  of  court  for  6th.  The  rev.  George  Mark- 
;  than  hiilf  an  hour,  and  on  their  ham,  third  son  of  the  archbishop  of 
n  pronounced  a  verdict,  guilty  York,  obtained  a  verdict  in  tlic 
3aling,  but  not  in  thedweJiing-  sherift's  court,  of  70OO/.  damages, 
e,  thus  rescuing  her  from  the  ^gainstaMr.  Fawcett,  forcrim.  con. 
part  of  the  charge.  She  was  WMth  his  wife.  The  criminal  inter-  - 
much  affected  during  the  whole  course,  it  seems,,  existed  five  ye:irs 
,  and  was  attended  at  the  bar  before    its  discovery,    when    Mrs- 

1  very  respectable  lady,  who  Markham  had  become  the  mother 
led  constantly  to  administer  the  of  nine  children.  Mr.  Erskine,  as 
olation  of  maternal  pity  and  counsel  for  the  plaintiff,  stated,  in 
tion.  tlie  course  of  an  eloquent  appeal  td 
I.  The  expected  act  of  amnes-  the  jury,  that  the  pkintiff  and  de- 
id  grace  to  tjie  emigrants  has  ^t  feudautbad  received  their  education 

together. 


^ro         ANNUAL     REGISTER,    IS02. 

?  ■  r  ■  h f  r,  n ;-.-!■!: r"  r h ^  f .  •".-r-.-,  3 1 :■  -  r.:  r re-.i • :  zrA  cmmnyrrcr  mamtMned  s 

<  r:;t-r  .•■:,-.  1  :•>::  ^  v. : : : r  h   i  :  h  ■  i  ;- .: iJ  and  T-.^r  j  i val »i jb le  0"'ns ckut ion  pio- 

: ,  fj.7  ii?r.-r.  ::•: :  :■  ■r>I'.:i  -:;:  I:",  n  r  >  re.Ttrl  jj.i^ns?  ihe  3EtJ«k  tjt  foreign 

3j*  i'-ry'r-.  i"  1  r     --  --  ■  t' •'.i'  ~r:r.-  rod  'i'^m^tc  enemic-s.**     AdivisioB 

f.'yXt  i:-i;.r.!r ■.::•=  ■-■:  ;'.■;■'<-■'!::'.  Th/"  n.-.k  rL:cefi:iMr.  XtchoUs'  motkn, 

CLFTisi'-- '.ver-  ;  ;.l.:' CO.'l'Ti.-r.     ?fr.  \»h:tii  «■■;■?    rfg;iti'retl, 
vrii.'..:  Beit,  a-.  i'-!?:r'Sr;  r  >t  th'  ■>-  Ayes.  32.         >».>«,  224. 

jV.  :.:nr,  r-b-^.r- 1.  ;..r.t  it  ^» .,<  p.^t        ^5^  j  .j   R"! -aves  amendmeal 

c^.-:;r..i-;t  n  ::  -.  .a-v  .-.t  i-.rra.in  ?  to  th-rc  ;!r.-02re:;. 
pnkr  r:  i-iv;-  ..■■:=;.n  t --  n5t^ir..:.>  A  j^.-^  ^^2.         Noes.  53. 

TCt  .«!':■  \i  '.V-  j!.!  :•.■  \\-  ■  i>t'  hv  ^:iv- 


Si:  R >>.rrt  FreL-:  Laviii?  moved  a 


fcii  I,  f-r  r-^vjrn  w'-'Ji  -r.tr  p-  -r-r  :  or"  7th.  f.^at.  T.  Bin^es,of  the  5<& 

fr:p<-tr.2J  inTiri'^r.-^r.eic   Tiif-ifam-  r?;^imeT>!.  '.virh  T^nruit-i  from  Ei^ 

ed  -ericrrr.r  i:irf  .TcL^  ih^K  thcr  drf-nil-  1  in  i  r.ndcr  the  commaiKl    of  ide^ 

ant    h3j    be;-     -nipdled,  by  hrs  M'DonaH,  w  ibc  :i(i  West  Inddi 

:/::::-v  rn::-.irr-.i-'iTients,   ti?   itrll  re^inear.  jiTivcd  btely  at  Marti- 


hi%  r;  Li :  -i .  .in  .1  h  -  -  p.il  rated  Ji  i  -i  of-  n  iqiie  ,r  n  ihr*  ir  way  t*  >  Jamaica :  while 

imctr  >  V  asrr::j:iu'  :t  t<j  the  excc-S'.  thr  tr.TMr^r  lav  at  ar.rbnr,  theiien- 

^.f  h;5  pass:on<.  L-:3*ed  l)y  hi-*  con-  tomat  m^nested  periTM«ioD  to  gi> 

strmt  rnTercourit  witli  «^n  lovHv  ar.d  on  5hr>rr.  to  piircb:»'«e  docue  things 

f)r3T:t[i"d  a  ^cTiiii  as  Mri.  Sfark-  he  was  in  '*-ant  of,  but  the  majd* 

fj  3TO,     Th e  2n.  iiM^ hi  )p  f •  ^*  Y. ,  rk  and  refn.ied  bis  asse n t ,  an d  he  Tra*  obUg- 

s-  V era]  «.  -.1 1 ;-v  yc r.  tic n . ,;. *   ; j  i tt-: : ^ i c*.  I ,  «i  ?(» 'it rd  hi i  wite  tor  that  piirpose. 

t.>  prove  tr.:'t  AJ-.  M.r..<h"m  v.  ?r  a  The  boat  had  scarcely  reached  tbc 

r.  ^-f  tfixler  arid  rL*':r.r.v^  h'-i.-V  .■  i-d.  shore,  when  ihe  ship  was  discoieicd    ■ 

7t!i.     A  \c:y  ::.?"-5.>img  -.It 'n ire  gettir-z   under  ^jv:  ^Irs.    BUrnes 

tcok  p>2r'?  :n  i!:^-  r.  -.-e  'f  onnuiu  ns  hi^meciLJ-.v  put  to  sea  with  a  view 

en  tile  mriii  .:.  r:  ?^Ir.  Nrrhr.'ls.  aiid  of  rcg.i:  -  r^  die  vtrssel,  but  in  vaiDi,     , 

3r:cr>nr:r\i  "^^ y  T-T  .  Jonr",  ftjff-  aij  ad-  ahijcai'^li  ii\t  follo'Aed  for  a  consi- 

*{  T',  -  to  '.".  T  !-::;.  ^ ,   t  ■  >  r  li  :i  n  k  h '  :n  f  t  derahi  --  •  i  ■  -  tan  ce,  red  wa*  dis  tinctljr 

I     .r.-r  -.  v.rrxv'rd  the  right  hoirur-  set. n  S  all  on  hoard,  standing  up  io    '• 

■   '..'m.  Pitt  f-fiiii  h:-*  cjimcils;  th?.*  b  vif,  waving  her  handkerchief    J 

a  .  :.-iif-:i'!nr.ti*!  o;i  t:,:*  m(;tioii  w:is  a.>  a  >i_r  i!  ot'her  *ipprnach  anddili!"     i 

r.- " /cd  b}'  lord  Ee]:;r.:ve  and  ^ecorJ-  ger.     I/\*«teiiant  B:imes  used  evciy 

f     :jy  r»Tr.  llifirTiton.  to  thr  tollow-  p  i-»!  .-!•>»  thatlovcundapprehcnsion     ; 

^.  .;  p a rpo n  :    * •    Ti la t   i  \    wa s  the  con  ■  d  1  n ^pl r  • ,  t h.i t  t hey  wxuld  short-     j 

f    .'r. '. . -»::  o t  » 1 . .-  h t ;i ^ c.   liia t  by  thr  en  - .: " ! ,  1  •  i: 1 1 ho  com nianding  cttiicer     1 

^: .' :  ■\ o .n ,  c  ne rir.',  a n .1  il .i iir. t  - s  of  1 . i ^  v% .:»  i n cxtna b k- ,    and  puDi oed    his     I 

r    --^rv'*  r.Aw.rVi,  liiirirs:  tl.e  la..-  •  '^..i^e.     The  heat  lessened   to  the 

.  ::i.>-r  tcr.v  -%  VL::i'}ortn.j  bv  tlu-  eve,  whilo  a  fond  husband's  fears     ; 

j-jT:  ■  i  '"i f «:!  t\\.:x\\\\v>  r.{  i i i .s  iimj ?  s -  na^ -"' i t^ ed  it •*  dan gcr  —  he anticipacra 

flftrj  r.;..'  :  :ini;.s,  and  the  nug-  the  worst,  and  trartic  with  love  and 

*. ! na i '.}  J 11  •>:  f.  r I  i  tud?-  c f  th  e  p r n]">  i  c,  w ' th  d  >  y  lir,  he  plunged  overbotfd   ■ 

-:     Iirmour  ottliU  CDnntrr  b::?  breii  and   peri.s:ied.      !Mrs.    fiamcs*  ff 

^■.    .oYcd}  its  strength  ijioitcc  :  *.i,^  loDger  able  u>  cncQuragc  her  boat* 


y 


Chronicle.  4oi 

iC  ■  \      '    '  '      '      ' 

mn '  to  tile  jmrsuit^  made  for  the  did  the  ccHxunons  on  the  night  of  the 

ithore,   and  providentially  regained  fifteenths. 

It  J  si  stranger^  however,  and  desti-        15tH.    Bonaparte  has  been  elect- 

tnte  of  liioney  or  plothes^  her  situa-  ed  first  consul  foi  ten  years,  in  addi- 

mAi  and  the  circumstances  which  tion  to  the  seven  unexpired  of  the 

led  to  it,  reached  the  knowledge  of  tenri  for  wiiich  he  was  chosen  in  the 

Mininii    Duckworth,    who,    vi^itH  fiirst  instance;  and  a  decree  has  been 

p>9sistent  kindness    and  attention,  passed  for  submitting  to  the  people 

receivieJd  her  oii  board  his  vessel,  and  the  propriety  of  conferring  a  still 

tarried-her  to  Jamaica  to  rejoin  her  further  nlark  of  their  gratitude,  by 
husband;    but   the  transport    (the  •  extending  even  this  last  period  to  his 

Sfajestiq)  hdd  slmved  at  Pdrt  Royal  life. 

borne    days  before,    ^d  the  first        A  dud  has  lately  taken  place  in 

soilnd  which  reached  her  on  landing  taris  between  generals  Regnier  and 

announced  his  death.'*  Destaing}   which    proved  fatal    to 

8th.    The   pfeace    establishment  ihe  latter,  who  refused  all  terms  > 

of  this  eduntry;  as  stated  by  the  se-  and,  after  several  discharges  of  their 

irctary    at    war,    will    consist  of  pistols,  was  shot  through  the  breast : 

121,400  soldiersj  and  2000  seamen  they  had  both  seiTed  in  Egypt, 
and  marines.  The   club  in  Bond-street    gav& 

10th.  Hie  election  fpr  the  coun-  a  grand  fete  in  honour  of  the 
ij  of  Cambridge  finally  closed  dii  peace,  in  the  arrangements  of  which 
tiiis  diy;  when  sir  Henry  Peyton  the  utmost  taste  was  displayed  by 
i^as  declared  duly  elected,  the  num-  M.  Texier,  under  whose  able  direc- 
bers  being — For  sir  Heiiiy,  15^2  ;  tion  this  magnificent  entertainment 
fer  lord  Cllarles  Somerset  Manners,  tooTt  plac^. 
,  1500.  Thfe  new  room  had  a  magical  pf- 
.  the  Pigcft  <li^m*dnd  W2fs  brought  feet  5  the  windows  of  every  room 
to  the  hanlmer  at  Cl^^istie's,  and  being  cut  down,  formed  so  many 
knocked  down  to  inessrs.  Parket  entrances,  connecting  the  whole, 
ind  Bifketts,  of  Prince's-street,  for  arched  with  ornaments  of  flowers> 
tiine  thc^usand  five  hundred  guineas,  from  which  hung  gilt  corheilles,  con- 
Mr.  Christie;  in  his  poetic  recom-  taining  lights ;  about  forty '  lustres 
{nendation  of  this  gem,  observed,  iHtrminated  the  great  room,  which 
''  that  its  owners  were  unfortdriate  was  furnished,  in  pannels,  with  a 
m  its  being  brought  to  a  market  green  and  buff /m//a^e  paper:  each 
'  where  its  worth  might  hot  be  suf-  recess  foitmed  a  green^hpUsc,  full 
ficiently  Vaflued,  where  the  charms  of  the  choicest  plants;  in  some, 
^  the  fair  needed  not  such  orna-  trees  of  great  size,  value,  and  beauty, 
inents,  aind  whose  sparkling  eyes  —A  grand  orchestra  was  elevated, 
outshone  all  the  diamonds  of  Gol-  containing  a  vety  fidl  band  of  musi* 
condat.  In  any  other  coiintry  the  cians.  A  group  of  Indians  peirfonn-* 
Pigot  diamond  would  be  sought  as  a  ed  the  war  dance,  battle,  and  song  i 
distinction,  where  superior  beauty  oneof  them  we  suspect  to  be  a  native 
was  more  rarely  to  be-fotmd.'*          .  of  the    country.     The   language, 

13th.  The  lords  on  this  night,  by  costuihe,  and  manners,    were'  ad- 

a  great  majority,  testified  their  ap-  mirably    supported    a&4  preserved" 

probation  of  the  definitive  treaty,  as  the  whole  evening. 

Vol.  XLIV.  Dd  Gjn^ajljr 


402 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


Genfially^prakirc.  the  other  cha- 
ractrrs  wv.vtr  not  ni'.r.>-rou^,  but  the 
dre^^ta    were  all   .sj-m  iidid,  parti cu- 
h:iiy    r!u>-e  of    ilic   Lidios,     which 
sefiiirJi  all  new  fi.rthr  occasion.  St-- 
vrral    L"  :iilfn:t'n   were  in  full  dress, 
arr.ong  whom  were  lord  Abercorii, 
lord  ^Vc^tluorcianf!,  lord  Paget,  lord 
Grey,  kc.  &:c. — 'Iht'  ladie-i  sooivin- 
ma-.k(rd,  and  we  ha\o   seldom  wit- 
;ie-^^cd  such  an  ti-semblage  of  beauty. 
It  is  but  iu<tice  to  Mr.  I^Texier 
to  >;jy,  that  much  ingenuity  was  dis- 
played in  prcnlucing  *iucli  a  softness 
ii-.  well  as  taste  and  brilliancy  in  the 
ilii.:niin.iti("»n  ;  the  lustres  were  high, 
and  ornamented  in  fanciful  wreaths 
and  fesiocius  of  f.owers. 

It  \<  needless  to  mention  any  one 
laly  in  particular,  as  all  the  beauty 
ft  I-r»ndon,  and  every  woman  of 
distinction,  were  present. 

llie  company  consisted  of  about 
eiirht  hundred,  but  not  above  tive 
liundrcd  coidd  sit  down  to  supper  at 
once.  Ihere  was  every  rarity  the 
sea-on  could  atVord  ;  pease,  &c.  in 
abundance,  the  greatest  profusion 
of  all  kinds  of  the  most  excellent 
wines,  pines,  strawl^erries,  and 
^^nip(  s.  Tlie  rest  of  the  company  sat 
down  in  their  turns,  and  fared  as 
well. 

The  prince  of  Wales,  %vho  ap- 
peared in  a  Highland  dress,  had  a 
room  for  his  own  party,  beautifully 
deeorr.ted  :  the  adjoining  room  was 
ir.te.iuled  to  represent  a  subtorrane- 
4»us  hat)it:ition  foragpoup  cf  banditti, 
\eh<j  hi.d  formed  some  comic  scenes 
cf  actiiig  and  singing,  for  the 
unui.-ement  of  his  royal  highness : 
b'lt  the  press  was  so  great  to  all  the 
srippcrn.oins,  tiiat  part  of  the  com- 
pany u>i>V  po'-'e^iion  of  the  cave  hy 
itorm,  ;ind  ?oia\  converted  it  into  a 
\rv\  ii.\\)'\.^oiiu'  mmiern  eatin;;-room, 
with  V,  eli-cyvti'cJ  tables  and  cheer- 


ful fibres.  The  disappointed  ban- 
ditti split  into  di,*ierent  parties,  and, 
no  dtubt,  got  plui:der  of  food  and 
w  ine  sutiic'cnt  in  the  course  of  the 
even.i.g.  Tliey  were  sll  well  dress- 
ed in  character,  particularly  the  two 
Mr.  Manners,  lord  Craven,  honour- 
able B.  Cra\en,  Mr.  T.  Sheridan, 
Sec.  iNIany  beautiful  women  also 
belonged  to  this  group.  Johnstone, 
from  Covent-garden,  was  the-  cook 
of  the  banditti,  and  much  anmse- 
ment  was  derived  from  his  Hiber- 
nian comicality. 

The  managers  of  this  fete  con- . 
ducted  it  wiili  the  greatest  liberaUtj . 
and  taste. 

llie  foreign   ministers   vrere  all.. 
invited,  as  were  also  tlie  field-offi- 
cers on  duty,  several  strangers  of 
distinction,  madam  Recamier,  &c.     . 
Ix)rd  Headfort,  lord  Besboroo^, 
and  lord  Ossulr.ton,  were  appointed 
directors   by  the  club,  which  con- 
sists of  between  three  hundred  and 
four  hundred  of  the  first  nobiK^j 
and,  as  a  select  entertainment  givttl . 
in  their  own  house  to  the  circle  of.  , 
their  friends,    we  may  venture  to 
pronounce  it  one  of  the  most  brilliant  ? 
private  fetes  ever  given  in  this  coun- 
try. 

The  peace  establishment  of  France 
is  to  consist  of  three  hundred  and 
sixtv  thousand  men,  who  arc,  ac- 
cording to  the  government  orator,  to  ■ 
constitute  *'  the  palladium  of  gkny" 
abroad  and  of  liberty  at  home  !** 
The  American  states  view  with: 
■  the    greatest    resentment,    mingled 
with    apprehension,  the  cession  Of  . 
Louisiana  to  the  h'n  neh,  which  it  it. 
now  well   known  has  taken  place: 
in  .-uch  hands,  and  w  ith  such  neigh-. 
boi'.rs,    they    certainly    have  every. 
thiiig  to  apprehend. 

Kuh.  'i'his  di.y  the  rijiht  honoor-r 
al)!e  Gc.jvge  Rui^c  narrowly  escaped 

drowning. . 


CHRONICLE. 


403. 


ning.  Between  three  and  four 
:k  be  left  the  parliamem- house, 
the  purpose  of  crossing  the 
1C9,  to  the  neighbourhood  of 
alace,  in  Lambetli,  where  Im 
3  were  waiting  for  him.  With 
view,  he  went  to  tlie  Wooden 
rf  at  Palace-yard,  where  he  took 
itj  but  as  it  pushed  oft',  and 
e  he  sat  down,  he  fell  back- 
i  into  the  river.    The  boat  shot 

from  him,  tlie  tide  was  high, 
iratei  was  ten  feet  deep,  and 

the  incumbrance  of  his  boots 
IS  the  more  unable  to  make  any 
ion  to  save  himself  Fortu- 
/  a  barge  was  passing  at  the 
and  one  of  the  bargemen 
it  hold  of  his  leg,  and  entricat- 
m  from  tliis  perilous  situation. 

as  very  much  exhausted  ;  and, 
e  been  a  minute  longer  in  the 
■,  the  accident  might  have 
d  fatal.  He  gave  the  barge- 
a  guinea,  and  a  hackney  coach 

called,  he  was  put  into  it,  and 

to  his  house  in  Palace-yard, 
th.  The  dud  between  generals 
icT  and  Destaing,  which  prov- 
al  to  the  latter,  was  produced 
e  deceased  sending  a  challenge 
^nier,  for  having  impeached 
induct  as  an  officer  while  serv- 
1  Egypt.  Regnier,  in  his  atj- 
to  the  letter  of  Destaing,  con- 
ig  the  challenge,  said,  that  he 
dways  despised  his  opponent 
ouch  to  have  any  dijiaiasion 
him,  and  that  this  feeling  led 
to  pay  little  attention  to  the 
!  of  Destaing' s  conduct  in 
t,  and  to  omit  noticing;  in  his 
all  the  faults  into  which  hcled 
<a.  He  concludes  by  haying, 
'  he  ouglu  to  light  no  man  bur 
al  Meiiou,  ou  the  subject  of 
Hairs  of  Eg)-pt,  As  a  general, 
ght  to  refuse  that  honour  lo  a 


contemptible  fellow;  but  ai  a  pri- 
vate individual  he  would  be  at  the 
gate  Chaillot  of  the  Bois  de  Bou- 
logne, at  seven  o'clock  the  next 
morning," — In  consequence  of  the 
duel  which  succeeded,  the  minister 
of  war  wrote  to  Regnier,  informing 
him,  that  as  it  was  to  be  apprehended 
that  similar  accidents  might  occur, 
it  was  [he  determination  of  the  first 
consul,  that  he  should  quit  Paris, 
and  remain  at  a  distanct  from  that 
city  of  more  than  thirty  leagues. 

Regnier  afterwards  wrote  to  ge- 
neral Menou,  accusing  him  of  hav- 
iivg  been  the  immediate  cause  of  the 
loss  of  Egypt  to  France.  "  A  simple 
narrative  of  events,  and  of  your 
conduct,"  says  Regnier,  "  is  enough 
to  load  you  witli  infamy  i  antl  should 
your  name  go  down  to  posterity,  it 
will  be  classed  with  those  whose 
memory  historians  have  preserved, 
in  order  to  contrast  their  character 
witli  the  talents  and  the  virtues  of 
tlie  great  men  who  have  sometimes 
betrayed  the  same  indulgenee  which 
BonaparlS  has  been  pleased  to  be- 


to*  ANNUAL    REGISTER,     1802. 

iloned  you,  but  I  could  not  imitate  men  whom  rrcipnxral  esteeni  dis* 

their  cunduct  in  that  resprct.     Mj  posed  to  love  cadi  oilier.    It  {riacei 

lionour,  and  the  glory  of  the  French  under  the  [votectinn  af  tbcir  condr ',. 

arms,   required   that  it  siiuuld    be  deration,    nnd  of  tliMT  oaths,   <  " ' 

made  konwD   in  what  manner  you  laws,  calculated  for  thf^  i 

hare  ensured  unmerited  success  to  of  e<juality,  liberty,  ai 

tlie   English,     I    have  scrupulously  etlitces  the  distinctiol 

avoided  publishing  any  thing  luore  which  placed  inbcritt 

than  a   icerc  exposition  of   facts,  ever  heard  of  inberil 

from  the  apprehension  of  demean-  fore  acquired  glory,  ai 

ing  myself,  by  painting  your  cbarao  ants  of  great  men  befi 

tcr  in    as  degrading  colours   as  it  It  is  a  moral  iostitntii 

ought  to  be  repiesenied  in.     I  have  force  and  activity  to  I 

overlooked  many  details.    The  only  honour,  which  so  poi 

reproach  to  whidi  I  lay  myself  open,  the  French  people.     1 

isfor  having  omitted  to  mention  your  institution  which  pla 

•  mental  deraiigement,  your  imbecility  middle 'order  (ttrs  inli 

in  yielding  to  tlie  artifices  of  sn  in-  which  the  sets  of  po? 

triguer,  and  that  degree  of  toll  t  by  fore  opinion  with  chai 

which  you  wcrcblindcd,  and  which  fidelity,  and  by  w4uc 

might  plead  some  eicuse  for  a  part  be  coni-eyed  to  powc! 

of  your  absurdities. — 1  would  have  tary  institution  whid 

disdained    to  notice  you,  if  1  had  our    aimies    that    p 

looked  upon  you  only  as  a  simple  French  youth  whia 

individual ;  but  you  have  filled  a  dis-  aid,  it  would  be  oeci 

tinguiiihed  situation,  and  j-ou    baie  gle  for  against  the 

fo[got  that  you  owed  it  to  my  gene-  that  cfleminacy  viaci 

rosity.     It  is  oO  the  worthless  com-  nion  of  great  weaith.- 

niaiKler  of  the  brave  army  of  the  is  the  creation  of  a  ii 

linst  that  I  ought  to  avenge  myself."  tion  of  money  of  a 

Booapart^   is  about  to  estattll'^  a  kind  from  tlut  vhi' 

new  institution  in  France,  tobe  called  the   public  treasiuy- 

the  LegioD  of  Honour,  of  which  the  the  title  of  u-hich  is  u 

following  description  is  giveu    by  whose  mine  can  nevej 

Koederer:  "  because  it  consists  i 

"  The  Legion  of  Honour,  which  nour — of  a  money,  wl 

is  proposed  to  you,  is  intended  to  be  alone  be  the  reeompc 

an  institution  in  aid  of  all  our  repub-  considered  above  all 
lican  laws,  and  to  serve  as  a  conso-        22d.     A  dreadful 

Jidation  oftherevdutioti.  Itpaysto  at  Woolwich,  and  In 

civil  as  well  as  military  serrices  the  gation  which  has  td 

reward  of  the  courage  they  have  all  this  calamitous  drcoi 

displayed.  Itunites  them  in  the  same  is  but  too  much  re; 

glory,  as  the  natiop  unites  them  in  that  iliis  disaster  wa 

the  same  gratitude,    it  unites  by  a  eHect  of  accidenL 

common    distinction    men    already  out  at  one  and  the 

nailed    by  honourable    retrospects,  three  differehl  placet, 

,   by    sweet  aifcctions,  b  great  mass  (rfccanbii 


C  HRONICLE.  ios 

xx.n  discovered.  The  loss  to  procession  returned  to  the  privy 
noient  will, be  immense.  Tlie  chamber  in  the  order  as  aforesaid, 
ge  done  at  the  niodcl-room  is  Tliis  ceremony  was.  performed  in 
Klarly  to  be  lanieiuwl,  ai  scve-  his  majesty's  closet,  »evcral  of  tho- 
loice  worJyi  of  art  have  been  great officersofthecourtaodforcign 
jycd,  wifliooC  the  power  o£- ministers  being  present. 
ation;  however,  the  injury  done  In  the  court  of  ikiog'sbenchan 
!  beautifiil  model  of  tin.'  rock  of  attorney  of  that  court  was  brought 
illar  is  not  so  great  as  was  at  up  for  a  contempt.  This  man  had, 
'epresented,  it  having  sustained    in  conjunction  with  his  &ther,  taken 

flight  damage,  which  caa  be     large  sums  of  money  from  a  poor 
.Impaired,  and  the  whole  re-    man,  to  whom  the  father  had  lent  , 
I  to  iti  original  state.  I5l.  on  his,  giving  a  'warrant  of.  at- 

snowagitatingin  Paris,  that  the  tnrney  :  wfien.it  became  doe  it  was 
qoQsul  shall  not  only  continue  renewed  from  time  to  time,  the  £i- 
Gcc  for  life,  but  also  Jiave  the  ther  exacting  a  Iw^e  sum  for  the 
rof  naming  his  successor !  renewal,  'and  the  son 'taking  ano.^ 

e  following  ceremonial  took  tlier  for  prevailing  on  his  &tner  to 
ontheknightingandinvesliture    renew  it. 

ajor-geueral  Coote,  knight  of  Mr.  justice  Grose  <irdeied  the 
lath.  '  defendant  to  te  struck  off  the  roll, 

c  knights,  and  the  officers  of  .  and  to  pay  the  costs, 
irder,   attended    in  the  privy         24th.     The  bill  to  prohibit  bnll- 
ber  in  tlicir  mantles,  collar.^, '  bailing  was  this  day  lost;  the  num* 
and    proceeded  from  then^x, 
the  levee,  into  tlie  sovereign's 
nee,  making  the  usual  reveren- 
Then,  by  i(is  majesty's  com- 
.,    major-genwal  Eyre    Coote 
ntroduccd  into  jlie  presence  l^e- 
I  lord  Girey  and  sir    William 
et,    the    two  junior  knights 
anions    present,    preceded  by 
,'qatkman   usher  of  the  order, 

reveceuces  as  before.  The 
I  of  state  was  thereupon  de- 
ii  to  the  soverei^  by  sir 
im  Han^ilton,  ilie  secqud 
it  in  seniority  present,  and 
■-general  Eyre  Coote,  kneeling, 
mighted  therewith.  Then  bis 
highness  the  duke  of  York, 
senior  knight,  presented  the 
n  and  badge  to  the  sovereign, 
his  majesty  put  them  over  the 
kiught's  right  shoulder  >  who, 
;  tbut  invested,  bad  the  honour 
» the  sovereign's  hand,  and  the 


406 


ANNUAL     REGISTER,    1802. 


acknowledge.  He  then  retired, 
amidst  the  reiterated  plaudits  of  die 
admiring  crowd,  and,  on  entering 
the  green-room,  was  presented  by 
Mrs.  Jordan  with  a  silver  cup  and 
covrr,  in  the  name  of  tlie  company, 
in  testimony  of  the  liigh  respect 
entertained  by  them,  as  well  of  his 
private  character  as  of  his  professional 
talents.  The  ibvourite  veteran  put 
the  cup  to  his  lip,  and  attempted  to 
retiUTi  til  inks  to  his  fellow  actors,  but 
was  overpf)were<l  by  his  feelings,  and 
exprisscdhis  gratitude  only  by  the 
interesting  tears  which  flowed  from 
his  eyes. 

26th,  Advices  from  St.  Domin- 
go inform  us,  tliat  general  Le  Clerc 
had  obtained  a  complete  victory 
over  Toussaint,  who  had  fled  to  the 
mountains,  where  he  was  pursued 
by  Rochanibeau,  the  second  in  com- 
mand. 

Last  Thursday,  the  London  mail, 
horsed  by  Mr.  I^nd,  of  the  New 
I^ndon  inn,  Exeter,  with  four 
beautiful  gray  horses,  and  driven  by 
Mr.  Cave  JBrowne,  of  the  Inniskillin 
dragoons,  started  (at  the  sound  of 
the  bugle)  from  St.  Sy dwells,  for  a 
bet  of  500  guineas,  against  the 
Pjy.nonth  mail,  horsed  by  Mr. 
Phillips,  of  the  hotel,  with  four  capi- 
tal blacks,  and  driven  by  Mr.  Chi- 
cliester,  of  Arlington-house,  which 
got  the  mail  first  to  the  post-otiice 
in  Honiton.  The  bet  >vas  won  with 
rase  bv  Mr.  Browne,  who  dro\e 
the  l(j  miles  in  one  hoiu:  and  14 
iiiinutes.  Bets  at  starting  six  to 
four  on  Mr.  Browne.  A  ver)^  great 
concourse  of  people  assembled  on 
tliis  occasion. 

27th.  A  dreadful  fire  broke  out 
in  the  town  of  Bedford,  which 
threatened,  in  the  first  instnnce,  to 
consume  the  whole  town.  It  began 
^t  a   blacksmith's  shop^  but  from 


what  cause  has  not  been  discovered. 
It  has  destroyed  scvcnty-two  houw, 
and  deprived  700  penons  of  thctt 
homes,  who  have  lost  their  all.  A 
very  lil)eral  subscription  has  been 
set  on  foot  for  the  relief  of  the  suf- 
ferers. 

29th.    At    the    sheriffs'    court, 
an  extraordinary   case  was  decidsd 
on  the    subject  of  quack  docton, 
in  the  matter  of  Richardson  ag^ 
Burnet,  on  a    writ  of   inquiry,  of 
damages,  in  an  action  brovi^t  bjr 
the  plaintiff,  a  derk  in  a  counting- 
house  in  the  city,  against  the  de- 
fendant, who  distributed  hand-biOi| 
advertising  medicines  which  were  to 
cure  every  disorder  incident  tothehu- 
man  frame.  It  appeared  that  the  jdain- 
titf  bad  been  subject  to  a  scorbitttc 
alfection  on  the  face;  he  applied  to 
a  regular  apotliecary,  who  told  him 
there  was  nothing  alarming  in  his 
case,  and  that  it  was  only  necessaiy 
forhimtolive  regular.     TTie  pWn- 
tiff,  however,  in  a  short  time  after 
gi'ew   impatient,   and    having  met 
with  one  of  the  defendant's   hand- 
bills, he  applied  to  him  for  relief, 
llie  defendant  undertook  for  the  sum 
of  ten  guineas,  half  of  which  v« 
paid  down  immediately,   to  eflfisct  a 
complete  cure.     With  this  view  he 
prescribed  certain  pills,  the  virtues 
of  which  were  enumerated  ip  the 
hand-bills.     Tlie    plaintiff  was  to 
rub  an  ointment  on  his  face  exery 
night.    He  w-ent  on  thus  administer- 
ing his  medicines,  and  occasionally 
obtaining  a  guinea  from  the  young 
man,  who  found  himself  from  that 
time  getting  infinitely  worse.    He 
was  at  last  reduced  to  such  a  situ- 
ation that  he  was  nearly  deprived  of 
the  use  of  his  limbs,   and  his  eye- 
sight was  extremely   impaired.    In 
this   situation  he  acknowledged  to 
his  friends  the  error  he  had  commit- 
ted; 


CHRONICLE.  407 

the  assistance  of  an  eminent .  of  Aboukir,  on  the  "th  of  Thermi- 
cian  was  ubiaiaed,  who  found  dor,  year  7,  he  commanded  the 
laintifF  in  a  state  of  the  utmost  light  inftotry  of  the  advanced  guard, 
et.  He  attributed  it  to  the  and,  by  his  good  dispositions  and 
i^us  and  indiscriminate  appli-  intrepidi^,  repuUed  the  hrst  line 
1  (tf  preparations  of  mertury    of  tlie  Turks,  wJiom'he   drove  into 

antimony.     By  proper   tre?'-    tl"*  ■^a- 

.  the  pl^ntiff  recovered  tlie  v 

ihmbs,  but  the  sight  ofhliii 

fas  entirely  lost.     It  was  to  o 

a  satisfaction  for  this    inju 

iteseut  action    was     brougl 

witnesses  consisted  of  racdi( 

Bmen,  who  dfeposed,  that  t 

M'owtd  not  only  tlie  loss 

re,  but  the  debility  of  his  fran: 

r  to  the  unskilful  managetne 

e  defendant.    The  uiider-sli 

spressed  his  surprise  that  caiu 

IB  nature  were  not  more  li 

tly   the  subjects  of  inquiry 

s  of  justice.     It  was  a  mati 

egret,  that  the  legislature  c 

tHTi)  its  attention  to  an    ev 

b  had  extended  ibelf  not  01 

ighout     the     metropolis,    b 

'    part  of  the    country.  .   I 

d  the  jury  would  read  a  lessc 

fa  would  have  a  tendency 

k  an  evil  which  had  beent 

tolerated.     Ilia  jury  consult 

rt  time,  and  returned  a  verd 

\}.c  plaintitF,  damages  4O0/. 

le    French     government   hj! 

ted  a  pension  to  the  widow 

ral  Deslaing,   who   was  kill 

1   duel  with  general    Regoi' 

general  (^.lya  the  Monitei 
napded  the  4th  light  jotaoi 
svNal  yeara.  He  distinguUh 
elf  in  all  the  battles  in  whi 
corps  was  engaged :  as  chef 
lllon,  he  rec-eivcd  five  faonoi 

wounds.  Being  made  a  get 
a  the  field  for  bis  gallant  bel 
■  at  tlie  battle  of  the  I'j-ramii 
to  made  general  of  divisiwi 
nejt  carajiLiign.     At  ilie  bai 


406 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1S02. 


Yorkshire  estate,  worth  4000/.  per 
To  the  countess  of  I^ns- 


anr/jm. 

dale,  his  wife,  in   addiiion  to  her 

jointure  of  2000/.  per  annum,  5000/. 

in  raonr}',  and  the  rilia  which  she 

row  inhabits.     To  the  dutchess  of 

Bolton    and    Mi^s     Loi^ther,     his 

two  sisters,  /OOOZ.  each  in  money : 

and    his    Barbadoe?   estate,    worth 

2000/.  a  year.    To  colonel  Lowther, 

12,000/.    in    money 'y    and   to   the 

earl    of   Darlington,    his   nephew, 

who  would  have  had  the  whole  if    ster-house.    The  nomeitias  attcnit 


the  churches  were  wejl  filled,  an4 
the  extent  of  the  blessings  denred 
being  duly  appreciated,  the  thankf^ 
giving  was  every  where  most  fciw 
vetit  and  sincCTe. 

Nothing  can  more  strongly  fvinoe 
the  rapid  improvements  iii  thebreei' 
of  cattle,  sheep,  and  swine,  a{idit 
the  same  time  the  spirit  and  iiiH 
provemcnt  of  the  breeders  of  JidflDfTi 
than  the  last  show  of  fat  beasts^  lid4 
before  tlic  farming  society  at  Ldtf- 


no  will  had  been  found,  only  500/. 
His  estate  at  Laleham,  in  Middlesex, 
he  has  directed  to  be  sold. 

I'he  late  earl  of  Lonsdale  had, 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  nine  thou- 
sand guineas  in'  his  bureau,  which, 
it  is  supposed,  he  intended  fbr 
electioneering  purposes. 


ance  of  men  of  fortune  and  of  thib 
most  enunent  graziers  from  att  pofti 
of  Ireland,  and  of  manjr  from  £ii|<^ 
land,  proves  mostnnequi^-otaDy  tltit 
they  view'it  in  the  li^t  intended  bj 
the  society,  when  they  c^sred'po^ 
nuums  for  the  propagation  of  tli^ 
breed  of  animals,  that  would  gif^ 
most  profit  to  the  grazier  and  cOn* 
sumer.  It  does  not  appear  to  be  ifafi 
JUNE.  intention  of  the  fanoiing  sodebf  to 

encourage  iht  fattening  of  stodcm 
1st.  This  being  the  day  appoint-  getieral,  to  the  enormous  degree  4)^ 
ed  for  a  general  thanksgiving,  in  con-  those  >ex{iibited  lat  thdr*  shows,  boE 
sequence  of  the  happy  rettoration  of  rather  to  prove  what  may  Be  done 
peace,  was  observ^  with  all  due  by  attention  and  care^  with  ard6Gul 
decorum  in  the  metropolis.  The  food  and  shelter,  even  iii  the  ^Intic^ 
houses  of  lords  and  commons  attend-  months,  when  provision  is  cbe^ 
ed  divine  service,  and  heard  excel-  The  result 'of  tiiis  show  tends  td 
lent  sermons  preached  on  the  occ^-  strengthen  the'  opinion  of  the  moiC 
sion  j  the  former  by  the  bishop  of  enlightened  bi'eeders,  that  beanl^  4Jf 
Chester,  tlie  latter  by  their  owH  shape,  and  exactness  c5f  proportioOf 
chapjdin  :  and  the  lord  mayor,  she-  are  generally  accompanied  fay  a  fad- 
riffs,  and  city  officers,  went  in  state  pensity  to  fatten,  for  Mr.  Marncj^S 
to  St.  Pauls,  accompanied  by  thfe  -  cow,  which  gained  a  premium  Isit 
artillery  company  with  a  band  of  October,  for  least  offiil,  and  Blir. 
mu<ic,  where  they  also  heard  divine  Reynell*s  heifer,  to  \diich  a  filcB 
service,  and  a  sermon  preached  by  his  premiiun  was  adjudged  at  tlua  ihosr, 
lordship's  cl:apjain.  llie  bells  rung  were  confessedly  the  band^omat 
mejTy  peals  throughout  the  day,  the  beasts  exhibited.  *  From  these  shova 
royal  and  union  standards  were  hc:?t-  it  is  likewise  clearly  established^  that 
ed  on  several  of  the  steeples,  and  the  from  the*  early  propensity  "of  diii 
trariing  branches  of  the  people,  •  in  description  of  stock  to  fhtten^  a  thild 
devout  regard  for  the  great  e^ent,  more  in  number  may  be  fed  on  the 
did  not  open  their  shops.    Most' of    sime  quantity  of  land  than  can  be  iof 


€HRQNIGLE. 


409 


the  coarser  breed ;  indeed,  the  pas- 
tures must  be  very  hard  stocked,  or 
^xey  Will  become  immoderately  fat. 
Oa  this  occasion  his  excellency  the 
earl  of  Hafdwicke  attended,    and 
(actuated  "by  those  feelings  which 
have   unceasingly  directed  him  to 
flie  promotion  of  every  object  Con- 
iiected  ^^''ith  the  public  welfare)  ex- 
pressed the  warmest  interest  in  the 
toaojfjfst  increase  of  that  laudable 
jeiaui^ion  which  was'lkst  roused  by 
the 'farming  society' of  Ireland,  of 
which  he  is  the  patfon.    JVJr.  Grier- 
$oh  has  shown  die.  greatest  zeal  and 
public  spirit  at  every  meeting  of  the 
BQciety.    This  spirited  breedei*  has 
|Jways  produced  a  number  of  fine 
'stock,   and  at  this  show  exhibit64 
Spme  excellent  pigs  of  a  valuable 
breed.  He  also  showed  some  ploughs 
if  an  inipro'ved  construction,  and  a 
very  curious  porter's  cart  drawn  by 
ft  dog.  Mr.  Falcon's  plough  for  par- 
ing moory  land  for  burning,  was  con- 
sidered an  useful  implement.     Such 
Exhibitions  reflect  equal  credit  on 
the  individuals  who  produced  them, 
and  pn  the  society  who  so  laudably 
len^eavour  by  their  cheering  influ- 
^ence  to  call  forth  tlie  genius  of  the 
country!    'pie    duke    of    Leinster 
jgave  a  high  proof  of  liberality  and 
public Bpirit,  in  generously  accommo- 
dating the  society  wftji  the  use  of 
his  spacipus  yards  and  offices  for  the 
exhibition.     It  is  an  extraordinary 
fact  that  139s  persons  paid  for  tickets 
of  admission,  which,  at  is.  Id.  each, 
amounted  to  the  sum  of  /oZ.  14$.  6d, 
The  society  concluded  the  day  by 
dining  together  (a  good  old  Irish 
custom),  when  the  following  toasts, 
among  many  others,  were  proclaim- 
ed from  the  chair,  and  received  with 
.  general    approbation  : — The    king. 
His  excellency  the  earl  of  Haidwicke, 
patron  of  the  society.     Right  hua. 


John  Forster,  president.  Marquit 
of  Sligo,  V.  P.  Lord  Carrington, 
and  tlje  board  of  agriculture.  Lord 
$omerville,  and^the  west  of  England 
society.  Sir  John  Sinclair,  and  tht? 
PTighland  society.  Lord  Egren^dut^ 
atid  the  Sussex  society.  The  fight 
hon.  lord  Pelham.  Tl^e  memory  of 
the  duke  of  Bedford.    " 

2d.*  On  the  motion  of  admirjl 
Berkeley,  and  sccond(jd  by  sir  Henry 
Mildmay,  tlie  house'  of  commons 
voted  10,000/.  to  Dr,  JeoQer,  for 
his  very  inipovtant  discovery  of 
.the  vaccine  inoculation,  by  whicb 
mode  the  dreadful  naaj^dy  the  small- 
pox was  prevented:  X2Q0/.  was 
voted  at  the  san^  time  to  Mr^ 
Henry  Greathead,  for  his  ingenious 
invention  of  the  life-boat. 

3d.    About  two  o*clock  in 'the 

afternoon^  a  tremet^dpus  fire  bioke 

our  at'  a  warehouse  in  Great  Alie- 

street;  Goodman'5  fields  {formerly 

.Garrick's  tlieatre),   siipposed  to  be 

occasioned  by  a  candle  being  left 

burning  near  some  straw^  while  the 

labourers. were  gone  to  their  dinner* 

Several  of  die  tower  hamlet  militia 

•attended,  with  an  officer,  to  clear  the 

place  of  improper  peri>ons  who  were 

,  plundering  the  sufierers.  The  fiames 

were  nearly  subdued  by  five  o'clock 

without  sprcading^  any  furtlicr  ;  ihc 

damage  sustained  is  very  great, 

4th.  Being  the  aniversary  of  the^ 
birth  of  his  majesty,  who  compkUKi 
the  64th  year  of  hi&  age,  it  was  ob- 
served with  more  than  usual  splen* 
dour  and  festivity ;  the  happy  return 
of  peace  having  difiused  the  mo»t 
sincere  joy  throughout  every  discrip* 
tlon  of  his  subjects.  The  auspicious 
morning  was  ushered  in  with  the 
ringing  of  belk,  the  union  flag  we^ 
displayed  from  the  steeples  of  the 
principal  churches,  and  atone  o'clock 
the  park  and  tower  guns  were  fired* 

in 


410        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


In  the  forenoon,  the  different 
bnmches  of  the  royal  family  now  in 
town  went  to  Buckingham-house, 
to  pay  their  usual  respects ;  and  at 
one  o'ckK'k,  their  majesticj*  and  tlie 
five  princesses  went  to  St.  Jameses 
plla<x^  where  the  (jucen  (after  the 
perlbrmance  of  tlic  (xic,  and  tlie  pre- 
•lintation  of  several  congratulatory 
atkiresscs  to  the  king)  held  a  draw- 
ing-room, which  was  of  unprece- 
dented splendour,  and  more  nuni«- 
rously  attendtnd  tlian  has  !;een  known 
for  many  yeais.  A  more  magnifi- 
cent crowd  of  noble  and  fashionable 
\isitcrs  never  perhaps  graced  any  as- 
sembly, c\'en  of  this  description. 

The  mail  coaches,  as  usual,  pa- 
raded before  the  palace,  in  view  of 
their  majesties,  and  the  whole  of  the 
coaclimen  and  guards  being  in  new 
rich  liveries,  the  general  appearance 
was  exceedingly  gratifying. 

Tlie  illuminations  at  night  were 
very  brilliant.  They  were  confined 
to  the  theatres,  the  subscription 
hoases,  and  those  of  the  tradespeople 
who  sene  the  royal  family. 

Numerous  dinners  were  given  on 
the  occasion  ;  the  utmost  joy  and 
festivity  prevailed  throughout  the 
wlK)le  of  tlie  day,  and  at  night  several 
■plendid  exhibitions  of  tire-works 
took  place  in  different  piu-ts  of  the 
metropolis. 

1  here  was  no  ball  at  St.  James's, 
hut  her  majesty  gave  a  amcert  in 
the  evening  to  a  number  of  the 
nobility,  at  Buckingham-house,  at 
wliich  Mrs.  Billingion,  Mr.  Harri- 
M)n,  and  several  otlicr  performers  of 
distinction,  gave  their  great  and 
ctfectivc  aid. 

It  was  determined  in  the  court  of 
king's  bench,  that  an  attorney  A\ho 
acted  as  such,  without  having  taken 
out  the  necessary  certiticate,  was 
liable  to  a  penally  of  50/.  for  each  step 
huniight  take- in  purbuing  his  business. 


7  th.  The  following  extniordina7 
circumstance  took  place  on  Friday 
last,  at  South  End,  near  I^wisbam, 
Kent :  A  girl,  about  ten  year*  old,  in 
most  wretchwl  attire,  applied  to  aomc 
persons  there  for  relief,  stating,  that 
she  was  almost  perishing  for  want, 
having  that  morning  w  alked  several 
miles,  to  escape  from  a  gang  of  gip- 
sies, who  had  taken  her  away  from 
lier  friends  at  PI)  moutli :  her  story 
exciting  great  curiosity,    she  was 
taken  to  a  gentleman's  house  in  that 
neighbourhood,  remarkable  for  his 
philanthropic  disposition,  where,  on 
being  particularly  interrogated,  she 
said,  that  she  was  tlie  daughter  of  a 
captain  Kellen,  of  the  marioes^  at 
Plymouth  5  that  about  seven  months 
ago,  being  sent  a  small  distance  oat 
of  the  town,  on  some  business  for  her 
parents,  she  was  met  by  a  gang  of 
gipsies,  consisting  of  five  men  and 
six  women,  who  seized  her,  and  for- 
cibly carried  her  away  to  their  canip« 
in  another  part  of  the  country,  at 
a  considerable  distance,  having  6rst 
stripped  her  of  her  own  clothes^  and 
in  exchange  dressed  her  in  some  of 
their  rags  -,  that  in  this  garb  she  had 
travelled  about  the    country   with 
them  ever  since,  treated  as  the  most 
abject  slave  in  every  respect ;  and  her 
life  threatened  if  she  endeavoured  to 
escape,  or  di^nalged  her  story  5  that 
during  the  time  she  was  with  them, 
they  entrapped  a  little  boy  about  her 
own  age,  whom  they  also  stripped 
and  carried  witli  them,  but  took  par- 
ticular care  he  should  never  converse 
V  ith  her,  treating  him  in  the  like 
savage  manner  ]  said  that  they  ge- 
n(^rally  travelled  by  cross  roads  and 
private  ways,  ever  keeping  a  watch- 
ful eye  that  she  might  not  escape  3 
no  opportunity  of  which  offered  tiU 
Friday  morning  last,  when  by  some 
accident  they  were  obliged  to  send 
her  from  their  camp  to  a  neighbour* 

ing 


CHRONICLE. 


411 


ing  farm-house,  in  order  to  procure  a 
light,  which  she  took  advantage  of^and 
scrambling  over  hedges  and  ditches, 
as  she  supposes,   for  the  distance 
of  eight  miles,  reached  South  End, 
worn  out  with  fatigue  and  hunger, 
her  support  with  tliem  being  always 
scanty,  andof  the  worst  sort,  which, 
added  to  the  misery  of  sleeping  un- 
der hedges,  and  exposed  to  tlie  in- 
clemency of  the  weather,  has  given 
her  such  a  very  emaciated  appear- 
ance.    Of  the  depredations  of  this 
banditti,    in  milking   cows   in   tlie 
night,  stealing  poultry,  &c.  she  gave 
a  very  probable  account  5  and  said, 
it  was  their  intention  to  have  colour- 
ed her  and  the  boy  when  the  wal- 
nut   season   approached,    to  make 
them  appear  as  real  gipsies  :  by  her 
manner  and   behaviour  altogether, 
and  her  being  able  to  read  extreme- 
ly well,  there  is  every  reason  to  be- 
lieve her  tale  is  true  3  but  to  ascer- 
tain 'which    the  gentleman   before 
mentioned  has  written  to  Plymouth. 
8th.     At  Rathgar,  near  Dublin, 
a  meeting  took  place,  between  sir 
Richard  Musgrave,   bart.  and  Mr. 
Wm.  Todd  Jones,  formerly  a  mem- 
ber of  tlie  Irish  parliament,  wlien,  on 
the  first  fire,  sir  Richard  was  wound- 
ed:   Mr.   Jones  hit  his  antagonist 
in  the  side  of  the  belly,  and  the  ball 
passed    out    near    the    left    thigii. 
They  had  brought  no  surgeons  with 
them.    Sir  Richard  was  immediate- 
ly carried  to  his  house  in  Grardiner- 
8treet,   and  we  understand  is  in  a 
fair  way  of  recovery.     The  ball,  it 
appears,  has  not  hurt  any  ot  the  in- 
testines.    It  passed  merely  between 
the  skin  and- muscles  of  the  belly. 
Sir  Richard  was  attended  by  IVlr.  H. 
May,  of  Waterford  j  Mr.  Jones  by 
Mr.  T.  O'Meara.     The  cause,  we 
are  informed,  was  as  follows :   Sir 
Richard,  it  appears,  had  been  pre- 


vailed upon,  by  friends  of  Mr.  Jones, 
to  make  an  apology  to  his  antagonist, 
for  some  severe  observations  on  his 
political  character,  which  are  in  the 
history  of  the  late  rebellion  ip  that- 
country,  written  by  tlie  above-men- 
tioned baronet.  The  apology^  wc 
are  told,  was  to  have  been  niadc 
public,  by  publishing  it  in  the 
newspapers,  but  not  until  a  certain 
time  which  had  not  expired  -^eii 
the  meeting  took  place.  How  a 
reverse  conduct  relative  to  that 
point  occurred  we  will  not  take 
upon  us  to  say,  but  certain  it  is, 
that  what  was, said  to  be  sir  fii- 
chard's  apology,  was  posted  up  in 
a  public  room  in  Eustace-street, 
some  days  ago.  The  particular 
cause,  however,  of  the  message 
from  sir  Richard  to  Mr.  Jones,  Atas 
in  consequence  of  an  alteration 
that  was  made  in  the  apology, 
which  obliged  the  baronet  to  retract 
the  whole.  It  is  also  mentioned 
that  sir  Richard  required  an  apology 
from  Mr.  Jones,  for  a  scurrilons 
letter  he  had  written  against  the 
baronet,  which  Mr.  J.  reused. 

9th.  The  appointment  of  a 
French  ambassador  -  to  the  British 
court  has  at  length  taketl  place,  and 
the  choice  has  fdllen  on  general 
Andreossi,  than  whom  a  more  un- 
exceptionable character  could  not 
have  been  named  by  the  consular, 
government.  He  is  a  gentleman 
eminent  for  his  learning  and  his 
talents,  and  distinguished  by  an 
urbanity  of  manners  that  render 
him  universally  admired  aad  esteem- 
ed. 

The  benevolent  intentions  of 
government,  with  respect  to  tlie 
soldiers,  who  in  the  late  expedition 
to  Egypt  have  contracted  a  disor- 
der which  has  terminated  in  a  total 
deprivation  of  sight,  was  strongly 

numifested 


412        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


manifested  at  the  board  of  general 
offices  at  Chelsea  hospital;  217 
blind  men  verp  passed  from  dijVe- 
rent  regiments  of  dragof)ns  and 
infantry^  to  \vhom  the  following 
allowance,  by  vay  of  annuity,  is 
granted  :  to  each  sergeant  1^.  6rf. 
pir  diQm  ;  to  each  corporal,  1^.  2^. 
yxT  dicw  i  and  to  each  drummer 
and  private,  1  s.  per  diem  ;  to  con- 
tinue to  \>e  paid  by  equal  half  year- 
ly payments  for  the  remaipder  of 
ii)eir  h\  es  ;  and  to  be  paid  them, 
to  ^:i\e  trouble  and  expense,  by  the 
^Hectors  of  land-tax,  in  their  seve- 
ral parisiK»s,  to  \vhidi  tl icy  are  to  be 
removed  at  the  expense  of  govern- 
ment, eit|ie+  by  ships  or  waggons, 
ai  the  distance  may  be. 

In  the  house  qf  commons  it  was 
thi3  day  stated,  that  tl\e  army  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland  is  on  the 
24th  inst;  to  be  reduced  no  less 
than  95,703  men,  which  i^ill  bring 
the  recrular  cstablislmient  to  little 
more  than  70,0po,  of  whom  only 
47,000  are  to  be  svipported  by  Grpat 
Britiiin.  The  calvMry,  which.  In- 
cluding the  horse  guards,  consist  o 
thirty-nine  regiments,  are  to  be  re- 
duced to  13,4^6  men,  exclusive  of 
the  horse  guards,  and  the  eighty-nine 
regiments  of  infantry,  which  are  to 
be  continued  on  the  establishment, 
rue  to  be  reduced  to  750  mem  each. 
Tin'  sa\ing  which  will  accrue  to  the 
toniitry  from  this  immense  reduc- 
tl(»n,  will,  of  course,  be  very  great  j 
a!.(l  from  tho  5entiment.«>  of  ministers, 
a>  u'.'Jl  as  the  <?cneral  a-spcct.  of  af- 
Liir-.,  til.  re  is  no  doubt  of  (iUr  arnny 
bf  lui?  In  a  ff'w  months  still  iurthcr 
rtdiiced.  1  lic  nambtT  of  seamen 
and  marines,  liie  war  establishment 
of    wlium    amounted    to    110    or 


1 20,000,  is  to  be  reduced  to  30,000« 
— And  this  reduction  is  ex^zcBshf 
stated  by  Mr.  Addiu^ton  to  take 
place  in  consequence  ot  his  not  hav« 
in^  the  slightest  apprehensions  of 
any  hostile  intent ionis  on  the  part  of 
France,  but  on  the  contrary  eveiT 
assur^mce  of  die  first  consul's  wiih 
for  peace  and  amity  with  this  coontry. 
11  til.  The  following  is  a  detai]« 
ed  account  of  the  mtttlDy  of  a  blank 
corps  at  Dominica^  as  it-appeaTr 
^d  in  the  Barbadoes  Mercur}',  of  tlifi 
24th  of  April  last : 

"  Roseau,  J)omlnica,  j4pril.l4» 

*'  On  Saturday  morning,  the  IQth 

inst.  accounts  arrived  in  town>  ex- 

.  presstohis  excellency  governor  John- 
stone, tliat  a  mutiny  had  broke  oat 

.  in  the  Sth  \^'est  India  regiment^  of 
which  his  excellency  is  coloopl^ 
who,  on  jJhe  preceding  ^vening,  bfA 
revolted  against  their  officerSj,  attcT 
put  three  of  tliera  to  death  * ;  in  eiin- 
sequence  of  which  an  alarm  WM 
fired,  and  tlie  colony  put  under  mar- 
tial law,  which  was  sanctioned  by  a 
council  of  war,  tp  continue  for  four- 
teen day».  The  jdilferent  corps  rf* 
militia  were  immediately  assembled 
m  town^  and  a  part  of  th^  68th  re-' 
giment,  witli  aboiit  fifty  men  of  the 
St.  George's  commanded  by  capt. 
Dodds,  aiid  the  St.  Luke*s  indepeii* 
dent  company,  were  ironk*diatdy 
embarked  in  some  of  the  droghiif 
vessels,  in  order  to  act  with  the  St. 
John's  independent  company^  coBOr 
n  landed  by  captain  Trotter.  Qn. 
Sunday  his  excellency  embarked 
Miih  the  remainder  of  the  68th,  and 
arrived  at  Prince  Ruperts  on  the 
evening  of  the  same  day.  Previous  to 
this  the  mutineers  had  made  a  sortie, 
in  which  they  had  a  skirmish  iintfa 


■'  ("apCiin  Crtmoi on  killed  ;  lieutenant  !VI*Kay  ditto ;  lieutenant  Wastneys  ditto  ;  com- 
mi^  ai}'  l.iiiu' ditto;  quarierandbarrack-masterscrjeantM'Kay  ditto;  clerk  of  the  cheqve> 
hnnoDf  liHi  «^r[ously  v\t»unded  ;  and  4uarter-master  serjeaiit  "^oung,  wounded. ' 

captain 


CHRONICLE. 


rpotter's  company, 
«  repulsed  and  ■  dri 
company,   support! 

of  the  dlHercnt  shi 
riio  elfechially  con 
Em  within  the  pos' 
hidi  accompanied  t 
I  disembarked.  ¥ 
tind  on'hi^  arrival,  1 
n  proposed  to  maji: 
ter  which,  several  i 
1  parties,  deputed 
^rs  and  our  coin 
ice,  tlie  rewlt  of  wl 
y  should  surrende 
leirarnis,  which  bei 

that  500  men  shoi; 
,  thego^ 

^mmanded  hy  copl 
e  Saiiit'j,  abuut  'M 
ommanded  by  maj 
milton,  and  the  mar 

I  by  captain + 

Mne  officers  and  y 
llery,  entered  the 
they  found  the  i 
up  on  thenr  usual 

witli  the  colours 
They  received  our  ti 
ed  arms,  and  obi 
r  officers  3,  whom 
ti:om  tlie  massacre 
to  take  post  in  tli 
kvraor  drew  up  his 
es  opposite  to  them 
^  of  the  KWtineers 
tfaem  to  slioijtder  ai 
:msj  on  vrfiich  he  r 

the  front  line.  1 
"dered  to  advance  tl 
it ;  at  wliicli  moLii' 
[Chnrch)  called  ox. 
1— HO."  The  gove 
fifdieydidiinlinsta 

e  Uigoifiaent,  o(  ;4  ; 


414       ANNUAL   REGISTER.  ISQL 

ftaiiDv  stripped  him,  fastened  him  the  oflBcm  pn 

to  a  tree,  pricked  him  with  their  house  on  the  ' 

bi^onels,  ajtcl  mutilaied  htm  in  a  bdbiv   ahe  jc 

mostshocking  manner,  crcn  retail-  Kenningum. 

ing  that  death,  which  would  have  inquiries  mad 

been  a  boon,    as  tenuioatii^  his  proved  diat  tb 

tuft^ings  i  and  the  dead  bodj'  of  posior.  Mr.  £ 

lieutenant  M'Kaf,  the  fini  victim  ham  expreswd 

to  their  uTad),  they  equally  insulted,  her  conduct, 

by  dra^'ng  it  about  the  post  in  a  prisraiers,    fiir 

maimer  loo  horrid  to  lehte. — Tbe  coniribiuioa  « 

stroEL^st  powen  of  pancgiTic  would  The  giii,  durk 

be  faint  to  give  the  doe  tribute  to  the  examinado 

the  merit  of  ever^-  cc^  which  \m  uDconcemcd  : 

aigdgt;d  iu  thi?  late  perilous  sccoes. —  mcfa  a  compla 

Great  praise  is  due  to  captain  Bct»-  first  challei^et 

Jamin  Maitbews,  of  the  ship  Fan-  nied  any  knu« 

m',  who  volunteered  his  «er\-ices,  wqita  little  t 

with  several  of  his  crew,  und  whose  bar,   and  told 

exertions    on   this    occa'^ioQ    were,  to  prison ;  bu 

highly  usetiil.     It  is  with  concf^n  he    stnbbomni 

we  slate,  that  one  of  his  men  was  answer  a  taag 

dangerously  wounded  by  a  grape-  sent   to  the  I 

shot.''  until    her    {di 

I2th.     It   is   now  decided  that  ment  can  be 

the  city  has  no  right  of  inlerference  very  little,  and 

with  the  grand  junction  canal  com-  cannot  be  abc 

pony,  in  their  intended  catde  and  years  of  ^e,  ll 

hay  and  straw  market  at  Paddington :  seranteen. 
a  project  of  universal  and  acknow-         15th-  In  cM 

ledged  utility.  on  board  lus  m 

At  the  public  office.  Bow-street,  tan,  at  the  Q^ 

the  business  of  Elizabeth  Kellen,  tweeo  Iteutcoa 

the  girt  who  has  preferred  a  {^ai^  rines,  and  Mr. . 

gainst  gipsies  for  kidnapping  her  belonging  to  t] 

sometime  since  from  her  parents  at  tfascompaRy'sj 

Plymouth,  was  determined.  The  uu-  ing  of  the  I4t 

fortunate  prisoners  were  a  man,  his  afle«  firing  th 

wife,  her  sister,  and  thirteen  chil-  received  a  woi 

dren.     The  parish  officers  of  St.  which  he  died 

Mary,  Eotherhithe,  attended,  who  The  seconds  w 

uiodt  distinctly  proved,  that  the  girl  mont,  of  the  m 

was  in  their  poor-house  at  the  very  lieutenant  Rae 

time  she  slated  that  she  had  been  purser  of  the 

stolen  from  Plymouth,  and  which  boihofwhom, 

was  corroborated  by  the  gipsies'  ex-  aie  tinder  an  at 

aminatlon,  which  had  many  days  at  Portsmouth 

since  been  taken,  that  the  girt  had  be  tried, 
applied  t«  them  on  the  5th  ^  May  :        The  advices  1 


CHRONICLE.  415 

ig    important    intelligence :  high  rate. — Mr.  Salman,  die  resi- 

e  campaign  in  St.  Domingo  dent  surveyor,  has  invented  a  very  ^ 

211  brought   to  a  successful  capital  threshing  mill,  which  is  so 

ion,    by    the    surrender    of  portable,  that  it  can  be  all  taken  in  a 

nt  and  his  lieutenant  Dessa-  waggon,  and  completely  fixed  up  m 

►  the  French  arms,  general  a  barn  in  the  course  of  a  few  hours, 
phe  having  previously  aban-        The  Paris  journals  give  us  to  un- 

be  rebel  cause,  and  joined  the  derstand,  that  in  future  Bonaparte  i« 

:an  army.     The  magazines,  to  be  considered  as  perpetual  consul, 

ition,    and   artillery   of   the  it,  tliey  say, having  been  submitted  to 

fell  of  course  into  the  hands  the  people  by  the  senate :  their  uni- 

'ictors.     This  great  event  has  versal  acclamations  afford  a  certain 

mmunicated  by  a  telegraphic  presage  of  tlie  unanimity  with  which 

1  from  Brest,  where  an  aid-  tliey    have    since    subscribed   their 

p  of  general  I/C  Clerc  arrived  votes. 

9th  inst.    with  the  official         IQth.    In  the  court  of  common 

pleas,  the  well  known  Miss  Robertson 

VV"obuni  sheep  shearing  com-  brought  an  action  against  Badcock, 

I  on  Monday.     The  duke  of  a    bookseller.     She  had    published 

J,   from  motives  which  may  her  life  j  and  this  action  was  for  the 

€  conceived,  was  not  present,  profits    of   two    pamphlets    whidbi 

consequence,  the  whole  was  passed  through  his  hands :  he  had 

the  direction  of  lord  Somer-  offered  her  l/.  Ss,  and  said,  that  that 

riany  of  tlie  first  agriculturists  sum  balanced  the  account,  which  she 

kingdom  ^^  ere  present,  but  refused  to  accept.  The  counsdi  for 
tnpany  was  by  no  means  so  the  d^endant  contended  that  a  parl- 
ous as  last  year.  The  sale  of  nership  existed  between  the  plain- 
.'as  very  brisk,  and  all  tlie  lots  tiff'  and  Miss  Sharp,  and  that  there- 
old  at  high  prices  -,  eighty-  fore  she  could  not  sue  singly.  This,  ^ 
;uiiieas  were  given  for  a  score  however,  was  not  proved  5  bu^  on 
5.  The  decision  on  the  prize  the  contrary,  it  appeared  that  the 
vas  to  take  place  yesterday. —  partnership  had  been  dissolved  since 
three  o'clock  tlie  company  re-  Midsummer  ISOO5  and  that  this 
3  the  Abbey  to  dinner  j  as  was  a  distinct  concern  of  Miss 
s  they  had  taken  their  seats,  Robertson's, 
n   was  cast  on  the  countc-        Ilord  Alvanley  delivcrfed  an  able 

of  all  present,  for  the  chair  and  impartial  charge  to  the  jury, 

tlie  late  much-lamented  duke  who,  after  deliberating  about  twenty 

»  sit  was  by  design  left  vacant,  minutes,   found   a  verdict  for  the 

)late  set  before  it,  turned  up.  plaintiff— damages  62/.  4^.  6d. 
Dmerville  pre  sided  as  chairman         This  morning  a  telegraphic  dis- 

j  right  of  this  ohair. — About  patch  informed  the  admiralty  board 

clock  the  company  left  the  of  the  safe  arrival  cf  the  following 

fur  the  Park   Farm,   when  squadron,    off'  the   isle  of  Wight, 

of    the    Leicestershire   rams  from  Jamaica : 

in  the  morning  were  let  at  Bellona    -      7^  c^pt-  Bertie. 

prices.      Ten    Hereford shi^e  Brunswick      74 Stephens. 

and  two  bulls,  were  sold  at  a  Kdgar       -     74 Otwav. 

■   V«i. 


♦16      ANNltAi      feE( 

Vengeance  -  74 Duff. 

Pinycrfiil     -      74 Laforcy. 

C^miatic      -     74 Penrose. 

Defence      -     7* LordPaiilet. 

Itesolutinn  -     74 Gardner. 

They  have  since  reached  port,  end 
are  immediately  to  be  paid  ott';  and 
f^ighl  more  are  upon  their  return  for 
thj  aarae  purpose. 

The  reduction  of  tlief'navy  and 
army  couiinues  ;  and,  from  the  mi- 
niver's conhdence  in  the  good  dis- 
positions of  the  first  consul  to- 
wards ihia  country,  it  should  seem 
tliat  hedid  not  think  a  shipor  a  sol- 
dier any  longer  necessaiy. 

A  monument,  in  honour  of  the 
.nrclidake  Cliarles,  has  lately  been 
erected  in  the  vitinity  of  Augsburg. 
ft  is  a  temple  supported  by  four 
Columns,  and  decorated  with  four 
Gons  heads.  lu  the.  interior,  on  a 
pcdcstot  of  gray  marblci  is  erected  a 
white  Carrara  marble  bust  of  his 
roval  highness,  in  a  Roman  costume. 
Upon  the  top  U  an  eagle  with  ex- 
panded wings,  and  holding  the  im- 
perial globe,  with  a  laurel  branch, 
This  mwiunient  is  sixteen  feet  (Ger- 
ninn)  in  height,  and  bears  ilic  fal- 
lowing inscription  :  "  To  the  Sa- 
viour of  Germany,  by  some  Gei-- 
mdns."  At  eacli  corner  is  a  young 
oak,  the  sj-nihol  of  the  Gemian  he- 
rofs.  There  are  four  appraiches 
bcrdered  with  roses  and  jessamine. 

2lBt.  Alien  M'Leod,  the  editor 
of  tlie  Albion,  came  this  day  into  ihe 
t;Ourt  of  king's  bench,  to  receivft 
jutfgment  on  a  conviciioo  for  ptib- 
lisliing  two  libels  in  a  paper  called 
tlie  Aibioh,  one  Of  which;  h  was 
alleged,  wis  intended  to  procure 
tlie  aBsassiiiation  of  the  earl  trf  Clare  j 
and  the  other  respecting  inanial  laV 
in  Ireland.— Mr.M^Lebd.tnaspeedt 
of  gfeat  length,  moved  the  court  i 
ats^t.  of  judgmentj  ou  the  groil 


CHRONICLE. 


4fii 


nted,  desiring  the  man  to  give 
the  earliest  notice  of  such  a 
>me  discovery.  This  the  other 
ot  fail  to  do  ',  when  his  master, 
ag  from  him,  drew  a  razor  from 
ocket,  and  cut  his  throat  in  a 

dreadfbl  manner.     The  sur- 

of  tlie  vessel  was  instantly 
Cloned  to  his  assistance 5  but  the 
id  was  too  deep,  die  windpipe 
:  entirely  severed,  to  afford  any 
ect  of  preserving  his  life.  A 
r  boat,  a  few  hours  after  the 
:ing  catastrophe  had  happened, 
ng  alongside  the  ship,  it  was 
ed  most  advisable  to  send  him 
i  nearest  port  they  could  make  j 
as   accordingly,  with  his  ser- 

and  a  gentleman  who  accom- 
d   him  from   Bengal,  put  on 

tlie  boat,  and  conveyed  to  the 
in  Distress  inn,  where  he  now 
/ithout  hopes  of  recovery,  A 
lOurs,  at  most,  it  is  expected, 
erminate  his  existence. 
Ji.  William  Ford,  esq.  who, 
cutting  his  throat  with  a  razor, 
laken  out  of  the  Anna,  from 
al,  and  brought  into  Brighton 
e  23d,  expired  this  day.  His 
*en,  four  in  number,  the  eldest 
lore  than  eleven  years  old,  ar- 
about  six  hours  after  his  disso- 
i.  The  coroner's  inquest  was 
lay  held  upon  the  body — ver- 
Lunacv, 

:h.  The  ceremony  of  laying 
jundation  stones  of  the  Wap- 
docks,  on  Saturday  last,  was 
led  by  the  chancellor  of  the 
jquer,  lord  Hawkesbury,  lord 
rt,  and  several  other  persons 
in  office.  The  first  stone  was 
by  Mr.  Addington,  and  con- 
i  the  following  inscription  : 
This  stone  was  laid  on  Satur- 
the  26th  dav  of  June,  Ann. 
.  1802,  inthefouiKlatianof  ih« 


entrance  bason  of  the  London  docks^ 
undertaken  by  private  subscription^ 
for  the  greater  accommodation  and 
security  of  shipping,  commerce, 
and  revenue,  within  the  port  of 
Lpndon,  and  pursuant  to  an  act 
passed  on  the  20th  day  of  June, 
Ann.  Dom.  1800,  in  tlie  40th  year 
of  the  reign  of  Geo.  III. 

28th.  As  Mr..  G.  Mingay,  of 
Orford,  was  bailing  in  a  small  boat, 
with  his  sister  and  two  other  young 
ladies,  a  squall  of  wind,  all  sails 
being  set,  engulphed  tlie  little  bark 
with  its  unsuspecting  freight.  Mr. 
Mingay,  with  much  difficulty,  swam 
ashore,  but  the  ladies,  we  are  dia- 
tiesscd  to  say,  perished. 

His  majesty  came  in  state  to  the 
house  of  lords,  and  terminated  thm 
second  session  of  the  imperial  parlia- 
ment with  a  speech  from  the  tlironc, 
in  which  he  announced  his  intention 
of  dissolving  this,  and  cabling  a  new 
parliament.  Thus  has  terminated 
the  eighteenth  parliament  of  Great 
Britain,  and  the  second  of  the  United 
Kingdom. 

The  king  of  Sardinia  has  formally  . 
announced  tlie  sovereignty  of  his  re- 
maining dominions  in  favour  of  his 
son,  the  duke  of  Aosta.  This  so- 
lemn renunciation  took  place  at 
Rome. 

About  five  o'clock  in  the  after- 
noon, Mr.  Garnerin,  the  celebrated 
aeronaut,  accompanied  by  cap.tain 
Sowden  of  the  navy,  ascended  from 
Ranelagh  in  his  balloon,  which,  for 
neatness  of  construction,  as  well 
as  for  the  admirable  philosophic 
principles  by  which  it  is  distinguish- 
ed, far  surpasses  any  tiling  of  the 
kind  ever  before  witnessed  in  this 
countiy.  Its  ascent"  was,  in  the 
first  instance,  very  gradual,  in-order 
that  all  possible  gratification  might 
be  afforded  to  the  crowd  of  fashion- 


418        ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1802. 


able  and  admiring  spectators  who  at- 
tended on  the  occasion  j  and  tlie  in- 
terest which  the  scene  excited  in 
every  mind,  seemed  great  beyond  all 
power  of  dealer iption.  Having  evinc- 
ed his  unrividled  skill  in  the  ma- 
nagement of  his  stuj)endous  vehicle, 
by  mana^uvring  for  a  few  minutes 
immediately  over  the  gardens,  M. 
Garnerin  took  Iiis  leave  of  the  com- 
pany, and  saluting  them  witli  a  flag 
which  he  held  in  his  hand,  proceed- 
ed upon  his  aerial  voyage,  in  a  north- 
eastern direction  over  the  town,  at 
so  moderate  a  height  as  to  be  dis- 
•  tinctly  observed  in  c\t^ry  part  of  the 
metropolis.  The  atmosphere  being 
exceedingly  clouded  and  heavy,  he 
was  under  the  necessity  of  parting 
with  the  greater  part  of  his  ballast 
to  enable  him  to  ascend  to  the  desired 
height.  This,  however,  in  a  very 
•hort  time  he  effected,  but  the  nu- 
merous clouds,  which  from  the  un- 
favourable state  of  the  weather  he 
had  to  encounter,  in  thje  course  of 
fifteen  minutes,  entirely  obscured 
him  from  view,  nor  did  he  from  tliat 
time  present  himself  again  to  tlie 
view  of  the  multitude,  who,  with 
the  utmost  interest,  continued  for  a 
ix)nsiderable  time  to  gaze  for  him 
amidst  tlie  ponderous  clouds.  Not- 
withstanding the  boisterous  sUite  of 
the  weather,  tliey  descended,  about 
six  o'clock  in  tlic  aflernoon,  near 
four  miles  beyond  Colchester.  Hav- 
iniT  ascended  at  five,  thev  must  have 
jicrformed  this  aerial  voyage,  little 
>;hort  of  sixty  miles.,  ii^  less  ilian  an 
hv;ur ! 

Ihe  folkv.  iiig  are  copies  of  tliese 
gentleiiicn'i  kiteri  from  Colchcs- 
tt  r : 

''  CoJchcHery  Jiuie  'ig — One 
(i clock  in  tilt  niumitLg. 

•'  J  t:4ke  tjie  cnrlie»i  opyorlunity 


\i 


of  informing  you,  that  after  a 

pleasant  journey  and  the  most 

gerous  descent  I  ever  made,  on  &c^ 
count  of  the  boi.>>terou8  weather  acx^ 
the  vicinity  of  the  sea,  we  aliglitc^ 
at  a  quartci'  before  six  yesterday  Ck£* 
tenioon,    at  the  distance  of  four 
miles  firom  this  place,  and  sixty  from 
Ranelagh.     We   were    only  thir^ir 
quarters  of  an  hour  upon  our  aerial 
journey.    To-night  I  purpose  be  izig 
in  London  with  the  balloon,  whiciv 
as  well  as  its  netting,  is  greatly  sha|- 
tered.      We    have   received  soma 
bruises  in  our  descent. 

''  Garnerin 

Copy  oj  a  Letter  from  Copt.  Sou'deH 
to  Colonel  Greviile. 
*'  Dear  Greviile, 
'*  After  a  delightful  voyage  o^ 
tliree  quarters  of  an  hour,  we  landed 
at  Colchester ;  our  landing  was  ra- 
ther difficult,  owing  to  the  wibd 
being  very  liigh.      You  may  con* 
ceive  what  a  devil  of  a  rate  we  came 
at. 

Colchester,     "  Your's  truly, 
June2g,  1802.     "  R.  C.  Sowden." 

The  diameter  of  this  balloon  is 
about  twenty  feet  5  in  round  nnm- 
bers,  the  surface  itf  about  twelve 

.  bundled  feet,  and  the  solid  content 
ratlier  more  than  eight  thousuid 
cubic  feet.  The  inflammable  air,  or 
hydrogen  gas,  witli  which  it  is  di^* 
tended,  is  about  thirteen  tinies 
lighter  tlian  atmospheric  air  ^  acubie 
foot  of  inflammable  air  weighs  forty-*  ■ 
one  and  an  hall'  grains,  while  tbc 
same  bulk  of  atmospheric  air  wei^i 
ii  \  c.  hundred  and  thirty-eight  grains : 
the  wliole  volume  of  inflammable 
air  in  tlie  balloon  would  weigh  fortj' 
four  pounds,   while  tlie  same  bv^k 

.  of  atmosi)heric  air  would  be  equal  te 
five  hundred  and  sixty-two  pounds. 

.  •   .  Sop- 


i 


41 


y^ 


§  . 


CHRONICLE. 


419 


Supposing  die  weight  of  the  bal- 
loon and  car  to  be  equal  to  one  hun- 
dred weight,    with   an  addition  of 
four  hundred  pounds,  the  balloon 
would  be  just  buoyant    in  atmo- 
spheric air  3  tlieir  specific  ^gravities 
would  tlieq  be  exactly  equal.     If  in 
the  car  there  should  be  any  weight 
fcss  than  four  hundred  pounds,  the 
balloon  will  rise  with  a  velocity  pro- 
portionate to  this  difference  ;  as  it 
rises  in  a  fluid  which  diminishes  in 
density  according  to  the  height,  the 
balloon  will  become  stationaiy  when 
floating  in  that  medium  where  their 
specific   gravities   are   equal.      To 
Continue  ascending:,  ballast  is  tlirown 
o^tj  the  balloon  again  rises  till  tlie 
same  equilibrium  takes  place.      In 
order  to  descend,   tliere  is  a  valve, 
which  opens   inwardly,  and  which 
is  opened  by  pulling  a  cord,   and  the 
balloon  sinks  in  proportion  to  the 
quantity  of  gas  let  out. 

Died; — 9th.  In  consequence  of 
an  extraordinary  accident,  Dr.Hoare, 
master  of  Jesus  college,  Oxford, 
?nd  prebendary  of  Westminster.  As 
he  was  sitting  at  tea,  somebody 
moved  tlie  table  upon  his  favomite 
cat,  and  gave  the  animal  such  pain, 
that  it  flew  directly  at  the  doctor, 
and  the  wound  by  its  claws  occa- 
sioned a  mortification,  which  put  a 
period  to  his  life.  Dr.  Hoare  was 
upwards  of  ninety  years  of  age.  This 
gentleman  attended  the  late  earl 
Harcourt  to  tlie  court  of  Mecklen- 
burgh  Strelitz,  in  l?6l,  and  had  the 
honour  of  marrying  our  gracious 
queen. 


JULY. 

1st.     M.    Garnerin    has    given 
the  public  the  following  interesting 


particulars  of  his  late  ascent,  in 
which  he  se«ms  to  have,  evinced 
much  intrepidity,  skill,  and  pre- 
sence of  mind  : 

At  eleven  o'clock  in  the  forenoon 
he  began  the  chemical  operations  ne* 
cessary  for  the  production  of  the  in- 
flanimable  gas.  The  balloon  filled 
rapidly,  tliough  considerably  agitated 
by  the  wind.  From  one  o'clock  till 
hdf  past  four,  the  wind  contmued 
to  increase,  and  at  length  blew  sa 
violently,  that,  had  he  made  any 
previous  experiment  in  this  countrj^ 
he  should  have  yielded  to  the  earnest 
solicitations  of  tlie  brilliant  and  nu- 
merous company  with  which  he  waa 
honoured,  and  should  have  deferred 
his  ascent  to  a  period  less  tismpestu- 
ous. — M.Gamerin,  however,  though 
he  determined  not  to  disappoint  th» 
public  expectation  himself,  felt  it  to  bd^ 
his  duty  to  press  capt.Sowden  not,  for 
the  sake  of  curiosity,  to  expose  him- 
self to  the  perils  attendant  upon  such 
a  journey  in  such  weather.  Tlie  cap- 
tain, however,  resisted  all  these  so- 
licitations, and  resolved  to  accom- 
pany him.  From  a  quarter  past; 
four  to  five  some  showers  of  rain 
fell,  which  only  allayed  the  fury  of 
the  wind  for  a  short  time,  f()r  after 
they  had  ceased  it  blew  with  more 
violence  than  ever.  At  five  o'clock, 
Messrs.  Garnerin  and  Sowd^n  took 
their  seats,  the  cords  were  cut,  and 
the  balloon  ascended.  Each  held  ^ 
flag  of  the  nation  to  which  he  be- 
longed, which  be  waved  to  the  com-r 
pany  present.  The  baUoon  first  made 
the  tour  of  the  place  where  tlie 
spectators  stood,  and  after  being 
greeted  with  the  loud  plaudits  and 
good  wishes  of  every  person,  ascend- 
ed majestically  and  rapidly  into  the 
regions  of  the  air.  I'he  wind  blew 
trom  the  S.  W.  The  balloon  there- 
fore proceeded  over  St,  James's  park, 
Ee2  the 


420 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1803. 


the  Thames,  and  Westminster  and 
Iliac k friars  bridges.      jM.  Garnerin 
thtin  found  that  the  balloon  began  to 
descend  5  he  threw  out  some  ballast, 
and  it  rose  immediately  with  great 
rapidity,  and    carried  the  travellers 
over  tlie  cathedral  of  St.  Paul's. — 
During  all  tliis  time  the  whole  me- 
ti"opolis  was  distinctly  seen  by  the 
aeronauts,  whose  balloon  was  etjuaUy 
visible  to  the  inhnbitimts  of  tlie  me- 
tropolis. When  it  was  over  St.Paul's, 
M.  Garnerin  asked  captain  Sowden 
liow  he  felt  himself?  Tlie  captain 
replied,  tliat  lie  was  perfectly  en- 
chanted witli  his  situation,  and  witli 
<he  superb  expanse  of  sky,  and  with 
the  eartli,  now  fast  lessening  to  tlie 
view,  and  soon  to  be  seen  no  more! — 
Th(i  temperature  of  the  atnKwphcre 
nov/  began  to  change  very  sensibly, 
Aud  to  be  fifteen  de^jcrees  colder  than 
-when  they  began  to  ascend.     It  was 
extremely  coicL    The  balloon  conti- 
nued rapidly  to   ascend,  was  soon 
above  tlie  clouds,  and  tlic  earth  was 
visible  no  more.     When  the  ti'avel- 
lers  were  above  the  clouds,  the  cli- 
mate became  sensibly  milder  3  the 
inflammable  air  began  to  dilate,  and 
AI.  Garnerin  gave    it  all    possible 
means  of  vent  proper  for  their  safety. 
They  now  dined  with  good  appetites, 
and    very  comfortably,    above   the 
clouds,  at  an  elevation  of  upwards 
of  ten  thousand  feet  above  the  earth. 
During  the  descent,  jVI.  Garnerin 
told  captain  Sowden,  that  the  plea- 
sanl.est  part  of  their  journey  was  past, 
and  that  they  must  now  prepare  for 
a  very  disagreeable  descent,  on  ac- 
count of  the  continued  violence  of 
ri;f-  wind.     About  half  an  hour  had 
ciajiscd  since  their  ascent.     M.  Gar- 
I'rriii  now*  opened  the  soupape  (the 
sucher),  and  the  balloon  descended 
Jnrough  black  and  cold  clouds  ;  they 
•tlie/i  der-ci'ic^  iHUd  agiiin,  and  also 


the  sea,  towards  which  their  coorse 
was  carr)'ing  tliem.     As  soon  as  they 
had  approached  sufficiently  near  tht 
earth,  they  tlirew  out  tlieir  anchor 
and  cable.     When  the  baHoon  first 
touched  the  ground,  it  rebounded 
with  considerable  violence  5  this  re- 
bound was  followed  by  about  twenty 
more,  more  violent  than  the  first. 
The  gusts  of  wind  dragged  them 
over  fields  and  hedges,  which  tore 
tlieir  hands  and  clothes :  tlieir  anchor 
touched  the  ground  several  times, 
but  dragsjed,  and  it  was  not  till  sojtn© 
minutes  had  elapsed  that  it  took  a 
steady  hold  in  a  thicket  near  a  hous& 
Here  they  conceived  themselves  to 
be  released  from  all  peril  j  but  the 
inhabitants  of  the  house,  alarmed  at 
the  balloon,  would  not  assist  ihetA 
In  the  mean  time  the  cable  of  the 
anchor  broke,  and  they  were  dragged 
through  ti'ees  and  branches,  the  bal- 
loon being  agitated  to  an  extreme  de- 
i];ree,  and  rebounding  very  violently. 
At  length  tlicy  were  driven  against  a  . 
tree,  and  captain  Sowden  received  a 
severe  blow  on  the  back  part  of  his. 
head.     The  balloon  was  now  torn 
in  the  lower  part,  the  cords  broken 
and  the  boat  also  :  tiie  travellers  had 
hold  of   a  tree,  from  which  they 
were  torn  by  the  violence  of  the 
wind ;  at  last,  a  Ixiund  v.'hich  the 
balloon  made  enabled  tliem  to  jump 
out.     The  balloon,  abandoned  to  it- 
self, and  much  torn,  fell  about  two 
hundred  paces  further. — ^The  place 
Avliere  M.  Garnerin  and  captSowr 
den  landed  was  on  a  common,  four 
miles  beyond  Colchester,  and  sixty 
miles  from  Ranelngh.  The  time  tliat 
elapsed  from  tlieir  departure  to  tlieir 
landing  on  the  common  wns  three 
(juarters  of  an  hour. —  M.GarneriB*» 
hands  are  much  torn,  and  his  legB 
and  thighs  c(;ns!derably  bruised.  Cro- 
tain  Sowdqu  ii  much  m^Xfc  hurt ;  he 


CHRONICLE. 


421 


hM  received  a  seveffe  blow  on  the 
back  part  of  his  head,  and  is  much 
bniised  and  torn  in  other  parts  of 
his  body  by  the  bushes  and  trees 
against  which  they  were  driven.  M. 
Garnerin  pays  tlie  highest  tribute  to 
the  courage  and  coohiess  of  his  com- 
panion, \\'ho,  after  the  balloon  lirst 
rebounded,  could  several  times  h^She 
jumped  out  of  it  with  great  ease  and 
safety,  but  he  persisted  in  sharing 
the  fate  of  his  companion,  till  tl\ey 
were  both  enabled  to  land  in  safety. 

2d.  A  gentleman  of  property 
undertook,  for  a  considerable  wager, 
to  ride  from  the  borough  of  Christ- 
church,  in  Hampshire,  to  Hyde-park 
corner,  a  distance  of  one  hundred 
and  one  miles,  in  seven  hours.  He 
'Ivas  allowed  seven  hours  to  perform 
the  task,  which  he  did  with  appa- 
rent ease,  in  five  hours  and  forty  mi- 
nutes.  The  last  tliirteen  miles  he 
rode  in  forty  minutes  on  one  horse. 
In  another  part  of  his  journey  he 
performed  fourteen  miies  in  thirty- 
six  minutes  with  tv\0  horses.  On 
the  whole,  this  is  considered  one  of 
the  greatest  equestrian  feats  that  is 
remembered  ever  to  have  taken 
place. 

The  fate  of  Piedmont  seems  now 
decided,  and  little  doubt  remains  of 
its  being  united  to  the  French  re- 
public !  Surely  an  annexation  of 
such  con  sequel  ce  to  a  country  al- 
ready so  powertiil  and  so  extensive, 
cannot  be  looked  on  by  the  rest  of 
Europe  with  inditl'ercnce. 

5th.  Jvord  Keith  has  arrived  from 
the  Mediten*ane:an  with  Jiis  majes- 
ty's ships  Foudroyant,  of  eighty 
guns,  Dreadnoiioht,  of  ninety-eight 
guns,  anil  .scvcimI  (jtht-i*  vessels  of 
smaller  ft)i  cc.  Oixlera  have  been  is- 
sued, for  paying  otf  the  whole  of 
tliese,  tot^e^thcr  with  the  remainder 
•f  t|ie  scjiiadron,   now  on  tli<Hr  way 


home,  iand  daily  expected  in  porL 
Previous  to  tlie  departure  of  the 
above  ships  from  Gibraltar,  Minorca 
had  been  evacuated  by  our  troops, 
and  a  variety  of  presents  had  bee» 
sent  to  the  dey  of  Algiers,  between 
whom  and  the  English  tlie  most  per-* 
feet  friendship  continued  to  prevail. 

In  consequence  of  the  dissolution 
of  parliament,  the  general  election 
has  commenced  all  over  England. 

General  Innes,  who  has  been  most 
honourably  acquitted  of  the  charge* 
lately  brought  against  him  at  a  court- 
martial,  has  resumed  tlie  command 
of  the  royal  marines  at  Chatham. 
On  his  return  he  was  met  at  Roches- 
ter by  the  whole  corps,  who  accom- 
panied him  to  the  barracks,  with  the 
band  of  music  playing  amidst  tlie 
loudest  acclamations  of  die  popujace, 
and  the  evening  concluded  with  tire- 
works  and  illuminations. 

William  B.  Bird  appeared  in  tlie 
court  of  king's  bench,  to  give  secu- 
rity to  keep  the  peace,  with  respect 
to  his  wife,  Isabella  Bird,  who  had 
exhibited  articles  against  him  for 
cniei  and  inhuman  conduct  towards 
her.  This  maw  is  a  shoemaker,  and 
had  gone  dvwn  into  Northumber- 
ladid,  where  he  married  the  young 
lady,  who  is  the  daughter  of  a  re- 
spectable shipwrighr  at  Tynemouth, 
and  had  represented  himself  to  be  a 
man  of  fortune.  After  they  arrived 
in  town  he  beat  her,  and  threatened 
her  life,  and  she  was  obliged  to  fly 
for  protection  to  her  mother,  and 
ultimately  seek  that  of  the  court.— 
The  defendant  having  given  the  ne- 
ccgsiny  bail  for  his  aood  behaviour 
for  one  year,  himself  in  two  hun- 
dred pounds,  and  two  sureties  in 
tii'ty  pounds  each,  was  discharged. 

M.  Garnerin  pgain  ascended  with 

his  balloon. .    TIxe  ascension  took 

place  from  Lord'g  cricket-ground,  in 

£  e  3'   ,  Jlary-^ 


422 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1809. 


Mary-le-bone,  and  he  was  accom- 
panied on  this  occasion  by  a  gentle- 
man of  the  name  of  Brown,  "the 
doors  of  the  enclosmv  were  opene.d 
jbctwccn  two  and  three  o'clock  ;  but 
it  was  not  till  half  past  four  that  the 
■jirocess  of  inflating  the  immense 
vehicle,  and  tlie  other  necessary  pre- 
parations, were  eomj)l'^ted.  Al)ont 
this  time  the  nriiireof  Wales,  with 

A 

a  ])arty  c;f  the  nobility,  entered  tlie 
p^round,  and  wa*i  w.nnily  s^rc cted  by 
tlie  several    sjjeetatcu's.      Garncrin, 
^vho  had  hitherto   been  l;n>>ily  em- 
ployed in  preparing  for  his  ascent, 
now  came  forward,  and  after  paying 
his  devoirs  to  his  royal  highness,  re- 
o nested  Mr.  Brown,  his  companion 
in  the  voyage,  to  take  his  seat  in  tlie 
rar.     The  intrepid  aeronaut  shortly 
after  followed,  and  all  tlie  different 
appendages  bcfmg  properly  arranged 
and  adjusted,  the  balloon  majestically 
ascended,  amidst  the  rapturous  plau- 
dits f)f  the  spectnt''>rs,  Messrs.  Gar- 
nerin  and  Brown,  in  return,  grace- 
fully saluting    the    multitude,     by 
waving  the  respective  flags  of  Great 
Britain  and  France,  witli  which  the 
car  v\  as  decorated  J  and  with  such 
rapitiity   did    tlie    balloon    ascend^ 
owing  to  the  high  and  boisterous 
.stati- of  the  wind,  that  in  I^^^ss  than 
threc!  minutes  it  became  completely 
4)bse'.ired  in  the  clouds,  and  was  not 
afterwards  beheld   by  the  admiring 
populace,   who,    at  an  early   Jumr, 
crowded  every  avenue  leading  to  the 
ground.     It  proceeded  in  a  N.  N. 
eastern  directir)n.    I'he  weather  was 
60  extremely  luifavourable,  that  the 
propos(;d  experiment  of   the  para- 
clmte  could  not  with  safety  be  made. 
A  few  minutes  previous  tolijs  as- 
cension, a  part  of  the    scaflolding 
erected  for  the-  accommodation  of 
spectators  gave  way,  by  which  near 
twenty  persons-  were  se\'ercly  bruis- 


ed, and  one  man  had  both  his  legi 
broken. 

M.  Garnerin  and  his  companion 
descended  in  perfect  safety  in  a  fidd 
of  Mr.  Owen's,  at  Chingfbrd  in 
Kssex,  having  travelled  near  nine 
miles  in  a  cjuarter  of  an  hour. 

A  man  of  the  name  of  Graham^, 
who  is  an  auctioneer  and  sheriff'! 
broker,  has  done  Westminster  the 
honour  of  tendering  himself  to  res- 
cue the  first  city  in  Europe  from  tb<i 
\ileness  and  degredation  of  being 
represcMitcd  by  admiral  Gardinerand 
Mr.  Fox  ! 

The  poll  for  the  city  of  Norwich 
closed  this  day,  when  tl^e  numbefV 
were 

For  Mr.  Fellowes    -     -     1515 
Mr.  Smith        -     -     1427  • 
Mr.  Windham      -     1330 
Mr.  Frere        -     r     1318 
Accounts  brought  by  the  ROTal 
Admiral  from  China  inform  ug,  thft 
the  missionaries  are  suffered  to  per- 
form their  humane  work  without 
intermption.    They  hasten  also  tq 
baptize  those  who  retain  the  small-* 
est  spark  of  life.     One  of  those  pi- 
ous fathers  acknowledge^!,    that,  in- 
Pekin  alone,  about   two  thou9an4 
were  every  year  exposed,  of  vrham 
a  large  proportion   perished.  •  One 
of  these  missionaries,  in  the  name 
of  the  rest,  has  addressed  a  letter  of 
thanks  for  tlie  kind  treatment  thcf 
ex})erienced  from  the  court  of  direor 
tors  of  the  East  India  company. 

8th.  The  followinii;  is  an  account 
of  the  honours  paid  to  the  emperor 
Ale?Lander  and  the  king  of'  Prussia 
on  their  late  visit  to  Memd,  in  i 
letter  dated  from  that  city :  "  To 
shew  honour  to  our  distinguished 
visitors,  the  town  has  had  two  tri- 
umphal arches  erected  5  one  before 
the  gale  of  Liebau,  representinff  t  . 
^^ortico^  the  entablature  of  whicfc| 

wi% 


CHRONICLE.  4aa 

was  supported  by  four  gi'oups  of  pil-  back)  into  the  town.     Before  the 
law,  and  in  the  irize  tlie  inscription  house  of   Mr.   Lorck,    where   the 
'•^Alexandra  et  Frederlco  IFilhelmo  king  and  queen  were  lodged,    her 
dm  a  Deojunclis  civitas.  In  the  mid-  majesty  tlie  queen  came  to  meet  the 
die  of  tlie  attic  were  the  arms  of  the  illustrious  guest,  and  surprised  him 
town — a  savage  leaning  on  an  anchor,  with  an  embrace,  which  the  emperor 
ivreathed  with  flowers.  The  other  tri-  returned  by  *  pressing  her  majesty'* 
umphal  entry,  at  the  end  of  Linden-  hand  to  his  lips.     He  remained  to 
itreet,   was  formed  by  two  obelisks  dinner  with    tlieir  majesties,    and 
entwined  with   garlands  of  flowers,  about  four  o'clock,  accompanied  by 
one  bearing  tlie  Russian,  the  other  tlie  royal  princes,  went  to  his  apart- 
the  Prussian  flag.    On  the  1 0th  his  ments  at   the    merchant  Glagon's, 
imperial  majesty  arrived,  under  tlie  in  Linden-street.     Before  entering, 
"name  of  *' Ze  (7o7?z/p  de  Russie,''  at  his    imperial  majesty  passed  twice 
Bolangen,   the  last  frontier  town  of  before  the  guard  of  172  men  and 
Russia,  three  German  miles  hence,  four  officers,  and  in^^pccted  tlic  gre- 
where  he   was'  received  by  comte  nadiers    with    visible     satisfaction. 
Kalkreutli,  general  ot'  cavaliy,    who  He  then  presented  major  Von  Bulow 
accompanied  his  majesty  to  the  en-  Avith  a  gold  snutl-box  set  in  pearls, 
trance  of  the  town.     On    the    way  and  each  of  the  officers  commanding 
from  Polan  en  to  Eommels,    half  a  .the  guard  with  a  gold  ditto,  and  each 
mile  off,   the  royal  state  coach,  with  private  with  a  ducat.   He  conversed 
eight  horses,  was  ready  to  receive  much  with  major  Von  Bulow  con- 
•him ;  he  was  accompanied  by  several  ccrning  the  arming  and  equipment 
piquets  of  hussars,  T)laccd  there  for  of  the  Prussiiin  grenadiers,  and  re- 
the  piu'pose,  and  tlience  to  the  town  quested  that  die  greatest  part  of  tlie 
by   a   squadron    of  dragoons,  .and  guard  might  be  dismissed ;  which 
by  the   merchants'    guard  of  tins  was  immediately  complied  with,  only 
place.     Pis  majesty  did  not  accept  50  men  being  left  for  this  purpose, 
the  state  coach,  but  remained  in  his  His   imperial    majesty    passed    the 
.chariot,attendedonly  by  an  adjutant,  evening  also  with  their  majesties; 
His  imperial  majesty  had  put  on  the  the  bands  of  three  regiments  per- 
insignia  of  the  order  of  the  Black  forming  Turkish  music  before  the 
Jlagle.,  '  He  was  saluted  from  the  house    all    the    time.  .   On  Friday 
camp  with  100  guns.     His  majesty  morning  he  was  present  at  the  re* 
the    king,    ornamented    witli    tlie  view,  at  the.  end  of  which  his  ma- 
Russian  order  of  St.  Andrew,  rode  jesty  tlie  king  placed  himself  at  the 
in  tlie  mc^n   time  on   horseback,  head  of  the    infantry,    saluted  the 
aboiit  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  die  emperor,   and  then  rejoined  him ; 
town.     On  perceiving  the  emperor's  on  which  tlie  whole  line  passed  be- 
.chariot,  his  majesty  dismounted,  as  fore  the  two  sovereigns.     The  en^- 
did  tlie  emperor  likewise,    and  the  peror  dined  again  with  the    king, 
two  illustrious  personages  welcomed    and  aftei-wards  both,  accompanied 
apd  embraced  each  other.   The  em-^   by  the  queen,  who  rode  between 
peror   then   mounted  one    of  '  tlie    them,  all  three  on  horseback,  took  a 
king's  led  horses,  and  the  two  mo-    ride  to  tlie  camp,   and  afterv^^ard* 
liarchs  rode  side  by  side,   followed    throt^h  a  great  part  of  the  town. — 
Ipy  their  united  svjit^s  (allgp  hprsi^-    To-^a/  tjxeif  ^^stie;^  havei.agair^ 

diftcd 


424        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  180S. 

dined  together,  and  in  the  evenings  street,  Wellclose-square,  he  fwril  ■ 

arc  cxpecte^l  to  honour  with  their  her  fast  in  the  embraces  of  a  Lascar, 

presence  a  ball  given  by  the  com-  which  affected  him  so  much,  that, 

pany  of  merchants  trading  abroad,  instead  of  wreaking  his  vengeance 

The  proj)rietor  of  the  hoiuc  where  upon  them,  he  retired  to  thie  back 

his  imperial  majesty  is  lodged  re-  part  of  the  house,  and  with  a  knift 

reives  2(X)  roubles  per  diem.     Ihe  cut  his  tliroat  in  a  dreadful  mannerj 

price  of  all  jm^vi^ions  is  immensely  by  his  groans  several  people  were  at- 

risen.     The  ludics  of  the  Prussian  tracted  to  the  place :  they  took  him 

court  ha\e  had  tlie  honour  of  a  visit  to  the  London  hospital,    where  Ke 

from  tlic  emperor,  under  the  name  lies  with  little  hopes  of  recovery, 

of  I>e  Comte  do  Rusj^ie.   Their  royal  The  cause  of  his  rashness  iminedi- 

highnesses  the.  princes  Henry  and  ately  absconded,  with  shame  and  ra-. 

William,  the  king's  brother*?,    have  morse. 

received  from  him  the  Russian  order        In  the  court  of  king'sbench  came 

of  St.  Andrew,  and  difl'erent  no-  on  a  trial  for  a  fibel,  in  which  James 

bkmen  of  the  court  other  Russian  Delaney,  esq.  was  the  plaintift  and 

orders  :  in  like  manner  the  king  has  a  Mr.  Jones,  a  stationer,  the  defend- 

honoured    several    persons    of  the  ant :  The  circumstances  of  the  ca9e 

Russian  court  *'  were,  as  stated  in  a  very  able  opeA- 

10th.  Thelo-d  chancellor  has  slg-  ing  for  the  plaintift'by  Mr.  Erskite, 
nified  his  intention  of  hearing  the  and  the  evidence  as  produced,  that 
grounds  of  tlie  prince  of  \Vi:les's  some  tew  months  sime,  an  advei> 
petition  of  right  argued  before  him  tisement  appeared  in  two  morning 
in  Lincoln's-inn  hall,  in  the  course  papers,  offering  a  reward  of  ten gttw 
of  the  present  vacation.  His  lord-  neas  to  any  person  who  would  give 
«hip  has  a  twofold  object  of  justice  information  of  the  plaintiff's  being 
in  this  deterraiation  5  Jst,  that  the  married  antecedent  to  the  hour  of 
rigliful  claims  of  the  hf  ir  apparent  nine  o'clock  of  a  particuliar  monk- 
may  not  suHcr  by  de'ay  in  awaiting  ing :  so  strange  a  notice  excited  the 
the  return  of  term  ;  and,  2dly,  attention  both  of  the  plaintiff  and 
that  the  advice  of  the  jc.dges  may  his  friends ;  he  instituted  an  ki- 
thus  be  more  conveniently  had  re-  quiry  for  the  author  or  pubiiBh«ir,tnil 
course  to,  upon  any  points  of  legal  traced  it  to  originate  with- the  defcikU 
"intricacy  or  doubt.  ant,  or  at  least  he  stood  forth  ostfti" 

J  2th.  Much  rioting  has  taken  sibly  as  the  publisher.  ■  The  plain- 
place  at  Liverpool,  in  consequence  titf  "s  unfortunate  domestic  connee- 
of  the  election  now  going  on.  Two  tion  gave  him  reason  fo  snpp^toe 
men  have  been  shot,  and  the  of-  that  this  advertisement  was  insorted 
fender  in  this  case  is  said  to  have  merely  with  a  view  to  injure  him  in 
been  liter?»lly  trarr'plcd  to  death  by  the  opinion  of  the  world,  as  the  ittU- 
the  mob.  The  Nottingham  election  endos  contained  in  it  were  caka* 
has  also  been  disgraced  by  several  lated  to  impress  an  idea  of  his  being 
acts  of  outrage,  and  tlie  military  at  the  same  time  married  to  two 
have  been  obliged  to  be  called  out  women,  it  appearing  that  the  inonH 
to  rest(;re  the  prace  of  the  town.  ing  alluded  to  in  the  advertisement 

This  morning,  as  a  labouring  man  was  the  precise  time  he  was  married. 

returned  home  to  his  wife^  iii  Cable-  This  action  was  therefore  brought  to 

leDDjOTO- 


^ 


CHRONICLE.  425 

femove  the  impression  such  notice  finally  closed  this  day,  when  th^ 

might   have   on  the  public.     Here  numbers  were, 

the  counsel   for   the  defendant  al-  For  Mr.  alderman  Ccunbe,   -    3377 

lowed  there  was  now  not  the  smallest  Mr.  alderman  Price,      -   3236 

idea  maintained  of  a  second  mar-  Mr.  alderman  Curtis,     -   2gS9 

riage.     The  fact  of  the  defendant's  Sir  William  Anderson,  -   2387 

publishing  it  were  clearly  made  out  j  Mr.  i'ravers,         -         -    1371 

but  it  was  urged  on  his  part,    and  Sir  Watkin  Lewes,         -      652 

proved  in  evidence,  that  he  had  no  Mr.  Lushington,            -      113 

personal  knowledge  whatever  of  any  The  tour  hrst  gentlemtn  were  ot 

of  the  parties  concerned  3  but  merely  course  declared  duly  elected. 

received  the  advertisement  in   the  By  accounts  from  Paris  it  should 

course  of  his  business  as  a   news-  seem  tliat  tlie  legion  of  Honour  is 

man.     The  jury,  under  the  direc-  now  organized,   and,  from  tlie  fol- 

tion  of  the  learned  judge,  found  a  lowing  particulars,    it  will   appear 

verdict  for  the  defendant.  that  it  is  meant  to  lie  an  estahlish- 

13th.     The  Middlesex   election  ment  of  such  a    nature,    that   the 

commenced  this  day  at  Brentford  -,  members  will  iia\  e  all  the  weight 

the  candidates  are,  Mr.  Byng,   Mr.  and  coubequence  of  a  miliiary  or- 

Mainwaring,  and  sir  Francis   Bur-  der  of  nobility.    Ihe  policy  of  the 

dett.  The  tovvn  presented  a  Fhame-  iirst  consid  in  tliis  measure  is  suffi- 

ful  scene  of  confusion  and  violence  ciently    obvious.     An  arrete  of  the 

during  the  polling  J   nor  could  Mr.  consuls    has    oiguiized   the    quar- 

Mainwaring  obtain  a  hearing  from  ters   of  tlie  sixteen  cohorts  of  the 

the  infuriated  mob.     There  is  little  Legion  of  Honour.     These  cohorts 

doubt,  however,  of  his  final  success,  are  to   be  quartered  in  palaces,  or 

During  tlie  business   of  polling,  other  great  national  edifices.     The 

the  populace  amused  thj  msclves  in  residence  of  the  grand  ofhcer,  the 

varieties  of   whimsicalities  y  one  of  chief  of  the  cohort,  the  assemhly- 

which  was  the  exhibition  of  a  man  hall,  and  the  infirmary,  are  to  be  ia 

.  on  the  shoulders  of  another,   hand-  the  same  building,  or  within  its  pre- 

cufled  and  heavily  ironed,  while  a  cincts.     The  great  council  is  to  as- 

third  was  employed  in  flogging  him  semble  once  in  every  month.     An 

vrith  a  tremendous  cat-o'-nine-tails,  extraordinai}'    meeting   is   to    take 

and  the  man  who  received  the  pu-  place  in  one  of  tlie  summer  months, 

nishraent,    by   his    contortions    of  for  the  purpose  of  procbiming  the 

countenance,  seemed  to.  experience  new  promotions,  and  for  receiving, 

all  the  misery  which  such  a  mode  of  in  a  solemn  manner,  the  oath  of  the 

punishment  inflicts.  The  shops  were  military  recendy  admitted  into  the 

all  shut  in  Brentford,  and  the  road  legion.    Ilie  funeral  oration  of  such 

kading  to  London  was  linctl  on  each  members  as  shall  have  died  since  the 

side  witli  crowds  of  idle  rptctators.  last   meeting  is  to  be  delivered  bj 

It  is  irxipossiblc  for  any  but  tliose  one  of  the  council  j    the  superior 

who  have  witnessed   a  Middlesex  council  is  to  name  a  high  chancellor 

election  to  conceive  die  picture  it  ex-  of  the   Legion  of  Honour,  and  a 

hibited;  it  was  one  continued  scene  paymaster-general,    who    are,  ipsa 

ct'  riot,  disorder,  and  tumult.  facio,  to  be  grand  officers  of  tlie  le- 

The  poll  for  the  city  of  Loudon  gion :   the  high  ch^ncellox  is  to  sit 

im 


426        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 

in  tlie  Piiptuior  rour^ril  ;  Hp  i>  to  be  The  paymaster  of  the  cohort  reccivat 
krrpcr  of  Uk^  seal  of  office  :  this  of-  the  revenue,  and  pays  the  officers  and 
Hc'V  is  to  take  cnre  that  tlie  names  soldiers  of  all  ranks,  ai^reeaWy  to  rc- 
of  the  incliudunls  o\'  wluch  I  he  co-  turn  niaile  and  signed  by  the  superior 
hort  is  (Yiinposed  be  inscribed  on  council  of  the  legion ;  a  general 
tifblcs  (Unirirble,  pui  \ip  at  the  head-  statement  of  the  cxp^enditure  shall.bo 
cjiiartcrs  of  cadi  cohort,  atid  that  made  out  veady  bv  tbo  directors  of ' 
the  niuues  of  the  wlioie  be  also  en-  the  board,  and  transmitted  to  thesor 
f; raven  on  tr.bles  of  marble  in  the  perior  council, 
dome  of  tlic  invalids,  "ilie  superior  15ih.  The  contest  for  the  cityrf 
ccmncil  has  the  nianagcment  and  su^-  Westminster  Iwving  begun  toassuiuA 
perintendenct*  of  the  national  pro-  an  aspect  somewhat  serious,  by  the 
]XTty  assigned  to  the  legion.  At  friends  of  Mr.  Fox  and  lord  Garii 
rach  hali'-yearly  meeting,  the  high  ner.  resolving  to  canvass  the  elector 
chance]l(jr  will  deliver  to  the  grand  in  order  to  bring  the  ridiculous  busi- 
council  a  statement  of  the  sixteen  ness  to  a  spex'dy  termination,  Mr. 
cohorts,  as  well  as  a  recapitulation  of  Graham  d'.d  not  think  it  prudent  i& 
the  accounts  given  in  and  in  his  pos-  continue  thf  farcical  scene  any  long* 
session  ;  there  is  also  to  be  a  parti-  er,  and  accordingly  gave  notice. yes* 
CLilar  (Ynmcil  at  tin*  head-quarters  of  terday  morning  of  his  rcsolutioio  to 
f-nch  c()hr)rt.  Tliis  couacil  is  to  ma-  give  the  other  candidates  no  further 
naoti  tJK^  allotted  to  such  cohort,  and  trouble.  At  the  usual  hour  of  open-i 
attend  to  the  infirmary.  It  is  to  ing  the  poll,  the  high  bailiff  appome^ 
rr;ii,^ist  of  nine  menVuers,"  appointed  upon  the  hustings,  and  having  pr^ 
by  the  chief  of  the  legion,  viz.  a  viously  been  informed  of  Mr.  Gni- 
laeat  officer,  chief  ox  the  cohort,  ham's  prudent  deterniioatidn,  de- 
pre.-ident  •  tv.'o  commandants,  three  clared,  wiili  the  accu -tomcd  format 
ofricers  includiriga  ehnncLllor  of  tlic  lilies,  tliat  the  election  had  fallen 
cohort,  and  a  payn.a.^ter— the.  two  upon  the  honourable  Charles  James- 
last  are  not  to  hn\  e  a  vote ;  and  Fox,  and  the  right  honourable  lord 
l-n-ee  iiidiyidv.cils  of  the  legion.  This  Gardnw. — A  dreadful  scene  of  riot 
'\.>unril  is  to  meet  tv.'ice .  every  immediately  ccjamenced.  The  mobt  " 
r.i' n-h,  ^viz.  IsL  an.l  "loth,  at' bead-  without  losuig  a  moment,  proceedo^^ 
cji'.arters.  "J'he  prccced:r.gs  cf  each  to  demoli>h  the  wooden  fabric  which 
sitting  are  to  be  immediately  laid  had  constituted. the  hustings-,  appnn 
before  the  general  council  of  the  le-  pviating  to  diems^.hes,  agreeably  to 
;;ion  :  there  is  to  be  an  extra  meet-  immerx:crld  casiom,  w]:;atever  pav^ 
ini;;  once  in  eveiy  year,  on  tlie  day  of  it  they  could  carry  oif.  :Nothim 
fippoirted  by  die  chief  of  the  If.gion,  could  exceed,  and  no  language .  caa 
for  the  purpose  of  dt-liv^rlng  the  descriix^  the  noise  and  confosionthit 
rommisfions  transmitted  by  the  su-  ensued.  Js' dimerous  crowds,  hux- 
perior  council,  and  of .  receiving  the  zaing,  hammering,  and  carr}'tag 
oath  c)f  the  mililnry  recently  admit-  away  boards  and  matting  in  -cvety. 
ted  :  this  meeting  is  to  take  place  at  direction  ;  and  in  less,  than  twentt 
the  head-quarters  of  the  cohort.  In  minutes  not  an  atom  of  the  whsfo 
this  extra  meeting  the  funeral  oration  fabric  was  left  behind.  Several  diead^. 
of  such  meralx-rs  as  shall  have  died  ful  accidents,  we  are  sorry  to,  add; 
during  the  year  is  to  be  delivered.'  resulted  fiopi .  Lliis  seeiie  of  t^proa^ 


CHRONICLE. 


42T 


and  confusion.  The  mob,  in  demo- 
li:>liing  the  building,  imprudentiy 
began  at  the  bottom  ^  the  conse- 
quence was,  that  tlie  top  soon  fell 
upon  the  unthinking  labourers,  many 
pf  whom  wtre  severely  hurt.  Se- 
veral were  carried  to  the  hospitals 
dangerously  wounded,  and  one  man 
is  so  shockingly  maimed,  that  his 
recovery  is  impossible.  His  back 
and  both  his  thighs  were  broken :  at  a 
late  hour  last  night  he  was  still  alive. 
The  compliment  of  chairing  was  of- 
fered to  Air.  Fox  and  lord  Gardner, 
but  refused  by  both. 

The  numbers  were 
for  Mr.  Fox  -     2^73 

Lord  Gardner    -     2434 
Mr.  Graliam      -     1691 

16th.  A  very  melancholy  and 
barbarous  transaction  took  place  at 
porva,  near  St.  Ive's.  A  woman, 
whose  name  is  Brey,  whilst  her  hus- 
band was  on  his  business  at  a  tin- 
mine  (where  he  is  a  captain),  and  no 
one  in  -the  room  with  her,  took  an 
infant  child,  of  about  ten  months 
old,  out  of  the  cradle  wherein  it  was 
fast  asleep,  undressed  it,  and  laid  it 
on  a  red  hot  baking  iron,  which  was 
then  on  the  fire,  dien  throwing  a 
sheave  of  reeds  over  the  infant,  set 
k  in  a  blaze  5  but  the  child,  through 
the  torture,  was  heard  to  cry  vehe- 
mently, which  immediately  brought 
in  her  sister-in-law  and  daughter, 
who  were  in  another  part  of  the 
house,  into  the  kitchen,  where  this 
horrid barbai'ity  was  committed.  They 
found  the  child  just  taken  off  the 
fire  by  this  unnatural  monster,  burn- 
ed in  a  most  shocking  manner.  A 
surgeon  and  the  child's  father  were 
immediately  sent  for,  but  to  no  piu*- 
posc  J  it  languished  a  few  hours,  and 
then  expired  m  great  agonies.  This 
wretched  woman,  it  seems,  has  been 
in  a  kind  of  melancholy  for  some 


months  past,  and  sometimes  so  outr? 
rageous,  that  her  husband  was  oblig- 
ed to  bind  her  for  some  days  togcr 
ther  :  but  tliat  morning  she  seemed 
to  talk  sensibly,  and  desired  him  to 
let  her  loose,  which  he  consented  to 
in  an  uiigifarded  moment.  The 
jury,  after  examining  the  child,  and 
its  inhuman  modier,  gave  a  verdict 
—  Insanity.  The  mayor,  who  at- 
tended, ordered  her  husband  to  con- 
fine her  in  future,  and  by  no  means 
to  let  her  loose  ag^ain. 
•  19th.  Toussaint,  the  black  chief, 
has  been  sent  a  prisoner  to  France  by 
general  Le  Clerc,  who  alleges  against 
him  treacheiy  and  disaffection. 

The  princess  of  Orange  left  her 
residence  at  Hampton-court  for 
Holland,  and  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  the  most  respectable  person* 
in  the  neighbom'hood  attended  to 
tender  the  last  tribute  of  resppct. 
The  area  of  the  palace  was  crowded 
upon  this  occasion,  which. seemed 
to  be  highly  interesting  to  all  parties^ 
The  princes^  herself  was  deeply 
afi'ected  by  these  marks  of  afi'ectioa 
and  esteem.  Her  feelings,  indeed, 
seemed  to  impede  her  utterance,  and 
tliough  she  attempted  to  assume  a 
cheerful  smile,  it  was  mingled  wit^ 
evident  proofs  of  tlie  most  tender 
sensibility.  All  the  attei^ants  of 
the  household,  to  whom  tlie  princes^ 
had  endeared  herself  by  the  most 
engaging  affability,  testified  the 
warmest  emotions  of  deference  and 
regard.  Her  serene  highness  was 
very  desirous  of  taking  wiUi  her  a 
litdc  girl  belonging  to  a  poor  family 
in  the  neighbourhood^  with  a  view 
to  bring  her»up  as  a  relation  of  hej: 
own,  on  account  of  a  sulking  simi- 
litude between  the  child  and  her  de- 
deceased  son.  The  parents,  how- 
ever, could  not  be  induced  J;o  part 

"^rith  her  ^  but  the  princess  left  the 

dxil4 


428        A  N  N  IT  A  T.    P.  F.  C  T S  T  E R,  1 802. 


ch'lfl,  \^i'h  a  hop**  rh"!  ■»  wo'^'  1  h" 
it  (Jto'  u'ii  li*(^ 

tll<jt    tl;r-    iT'rjrss    of   xht-.    pell    v.is 

fn'<ji'.eiiil)  inte:ri'{)t«  ci,  andihc  iiiili- 
tary  weret  nior'j  ihjiii  'j:.C'.'. rrjlled  in  lO 
restore  the  ju-ate.  Mi"  Ci;kc,  the 'in- 
siicco^sfiil  niMiiV)er,mf^^n.s  to  petition 
agsinst  Mr.  Birch,  the  favourite  of 
the  mol>. 
The  candidates  were , 

Sir  J.  B.  Warren, 

Mr.  Birch, 

Mr.  Cob  : 
the  two  former  rf  turned. 

23d .  A  mostoutraj^eous  and  alarm- 
ing affray  tonk  place  in  tlie  market- 
place of  Hall,  originating  in  a  dis- 
pute respecting  the  price  of  green 
pease,  a  ci^rt  load  of  which  a  dealer 
in  vegf-tables  liaving  purchased  at  tlie 
rate  of  4d.  per  peck,  attempted  to 
retail  to  the  people  at  an  3dvance  to 
6d.  or  yd.  Irritated  by  this,  the  mob 
iinmtdiat(-ly destroyed  the  pease,  and 
then  proceeding  to  open  hostility, 
overturned  the  stxdls,  without  dis- 
crimination, of  eveiy  person  in  tlie 
raarket.  Meeting  with  little  or  no 
opposition,  the  shops  of  the  butchers 
next  became  their  object :  several  of 
thi  re  they  forced  open,  and  plunder- 
ed  the  contents,  which  were  carried 
away  by  men,  women,  and  children, 
^onie  f)f  whom  being  apprehended, 
X^'ere  conveyed  to  the  house  of  cor- 
rection. Finding  that'  several  of 
tlieir  companions  were  in  confine- 
ment, they  attempted  to  rescue  them 
by  breaking  open  the  doors  of  the 
Guildhall  j  which  proving  ineffe- 
tual,  they  turned  tlieir  intention  to 
the  windows,  every  one  of  which 
they  broke  with  the  most  detennin- 
ed  fuiy.  The  magisti'ates  are  now 
taking  the  mast  active  steps  to  eluci- 
date ^s  disgraceful  oti'air. 


A  'nost  disastrous  event  took  placi 
•a  tlie  wo:k^  carrying  on   in  the 
new  dr,c,i(s,  \\\:\ck\vi\\\.     In  orderto. 
b '/  out  »he  ^v  Iter  at  the  entrance  of 
I  h  ^:  L.a b  ju  n^^  ■: c  the '  Fh ames ,  a  cofStX'*  ' 
dT.ii  h  id  bo:-!i  contnictexl,  which  had 
hithtiro  bid  -iefiance to every'i-etura- 
inc  tide      The  workmen,  howcvcr> 
wiihn    the   last   fortnight,   having 
coutinu.iily  diminished  the  buttreM 
which  kept  out  the  waters,  had  on 
Saturday  last  approached  so  near  the 
I'arrier  between  the  works  and  the 
"i  hames,  and  had  weakened  it  so 
much,  tliat    numbers    of  persons 
e^tpressed  their  anxiety  on  the  occa- . 
sion,  fearful  tliat  tiie  waters  might 
throw  down  the  dam  and  inundate 
the  unfinished  canals.     A  represen- 
tation to  this  effect  was  made  to  the 
engineers,  who,  after  surveying  tho 
dam  and  the  piles  which  supported 
it,  were  of  opinion  that  no  danger. 
at  that  time,  was  to  be  apprehended.' 
Tlie  worl;nien,  therefore,  proceeded  • 
with  confident  security  till  the  evcn-t 
ing-  of  Thursday  last,  when  the  cala- 
mitous event  anticipated  was  rea- 
lized by  the  tide  setting  in  with  un- 
common force.     In  an  instant  tho 
barriers  were  thrown  down,  and  the  ., 
writer  ru-hed    in  with   irresistible 
force,  sweeping  all  before  it.    At 
first  it  was  supposed  the  wlude  of 
die  docks  would  have  been  prema* 
turely  filled,  and  a  great  national 
calamity  have  taken  place.    Thii 
idea,   however,   was  happily  £sBi? 
pated  by  the  efifectual  resistance  of  an 
inner  dam,  which  stopped  the  pn>« 
gross  of  so  destructive  an  inundation. 
We  have  yet  to  state  the  niost  cala* 
mitous  part  of  the  accident,  as,  bjr 
the  sudden  rupture  of  the  dam>  inany 
of  the  workmen,  who  were  incapa-* 
ble  of  extricating  themselves  £nm 
their  perilous  situation,  were  unfbr^ 
tunately  drowned.    Four  have  been 
siuce  taken  out^  but  ten  or  tvedva 


C  H  R  O  N  I  C  LE. 


429 


are  missing.  Dreadful  as  this 
rtune  may  ^be  considered,  it 
t  have  been  attended  with  still 
J  consequences,  but  for  tlie  time- 
ming  conveyed  to  the  workmen 

gentleman  on  the*  spot,  who 
be  dam  beginning  to  burst,  and 
i  out  to  the  men  engaged  in 
'orks.  A  number  of  engineers 
I'orkmen  have  been  since  em- 
d  in  shoring  up  the  inner  dam, 
;vent  its  blowing  up  the  weight 
arer  it  will  have  in  future  to 
n.  The  expense  incurred,  and 
bmage  sustained  by  this  acci- 

is  stated  to  be  every  consider- 

long   the    curiosities    brought 

Egypt  by  colonel  Hill,  is  9 
ish  tent  of  a  very  singular  con- 
ion,  and  richly  embroidered, 
bitched  in  the  pleasure  grounds 
wkstoue,  with  the  following  in" 
ion  over  one  of  tlie  doors  : — 
.s  tent  once  bcloncrcd  to  the  fa- 

Murad  Ecy  j  it  was  taken  at 
tattle  of  the  Pyramids  by  the 
:h,   and   retaken  \^^hen  Grand 

surrendered  to  the  English, 
25,  1801."-— It  appears  that  it 
n  this  tent  that  the  celebrated 
'  .of  El-Arish  was  signed.  A 
rkable  large  ass ,  brought  by  the 
el  from  Malta,  ib  also  exliibited 
iwkstone  park. 

th.  It  appears  that  eight  per- 
have  lost  their  lives  in  conse- 
ze:  of  the  accident  at  the  West 

wet-docks.     Tiiiee  of  the  bo- 

.till  remain  undiscovered,  not- 

tanding  every  search  lias  been 

for  them.     One  of  the  per- 

missing  is  a  Mr.   Brudi,  the 

ei*  of  tlie  supcriiiiendaiit  of  the 

s. 

Idmont  seemr,  indissolubly  unit- 

0  France.    Bonaparte   ha-,    a- 

;5t  «tl)cr  claims  upon  it,  urged 


that  the  people  are  fi*ee  to  choose 
their  government  in  consequence  of 
the  abdication  of  the  king  of  Sardinia, 
and  he  has  accordingly  sent  tliem  21 
cojige  (T^lire  ! 

29tli.  The  "contest  for  the  Mid- 
dlesex representation  closed  this  day 
at  three  o'clock,  when  the  number* 
were  declared  by  tlie  sheriff  to  be  as 
foilov/  : 

Mr.  Byng,  -  -  3848 
Sir  F.  Burdett,  -  3207 
Mr.  Mainwaring,     -     203t) 

The  two  former  were  then  de- 
clared duly  electai. 

At  an  cifrly  hour  this  day  Had- 
field,  confined  ever  since  his  ac- 
quittal of  the  charge  of  wilfully 
firing  a  pistol  at  his  majesty  at  l>i\i- 
ry-lane  theatre,  and  anotlier  maniac, 
lately  a  purser  in  the  na\7',  found 
meatts  to  escape  from  Bedlam. 

At  the  assizes  for  the  county  of 
Essex,  held  at  Chelmsford,  Stephen 
Lee,  the  last  of  the  desperate  gang 
of  gipsies,  who  had  infested  that 
county  for  many  years.  Was  tlie  first 
prisoner  put  on  his  trial,  for  a  burg- 
lary in  the  house  of  farmer  Grout, 
of  Manuden,  in  179^;  and  being 
found  guilty  on  tlie  clearest  evi- 
dence, the  chief  baron,  after  ex- 
pressing great  satisfaQtion  tliat  the  • 
county  of  Eisex  were  likely  to  be  de- 
livered iVom  (h?  depredations  of  this 
banditii,  proceeded  to  pass  sentence 
of  death  upon  this  convict,  inform- 
ing him,  that  there  was  not^  the 
sm  llc^t  hope  of  pardon  for  him  oa 
tills  siJe  the  grave.  , 

Died.  -  2  i.  At  hishousd>in  Stan- 
hope-street, May-fair,  after  twq  dayi 
illncs^j,  the  right  hon.  Isaac  BaiTc, 
clerk  of  the  pells.  His  health  was  de- 
clining for  a  considerable  time  past  5 
and  a  few  hours  befove  his  dissolu- 
tion he  was  seized  with  a  paralytic, 
stroke,  which  wa9   the  inunediate 


430        ANNUAL  REGISTER,    180^. 


cause  of  his  death.  Though  b'iMcl 
for  tijf:  j.i->l  t-.veiitv  vcara  ot  hi>  lit':, 
hf:  stiil  C(.ntiiiut:d  a  cheerful  ccni- 
panion  to  th'i  la.-*.  H':  b'.g.Mi  to 
ci;>tiiir«ii-!h  him-jf-if  inliis  i/C.litii.vil  ca- 
reer at  til*/  >anit.'  tiinc  w  itii  his  ruun- 
trvir.aii  KJmanJ  Ijurkv  ;  jnA  was 
a  C"!rrbr:it*:'l  j;arr!3i:;ti.'i.:ry  (lrbct:-r 
timing  thf:  .American  war.  The 
c'rirv,  whirli  iK'caMie  vacant  at  ill? 
tinK:  of  his  death,  he  luid  lit  Itl  abt.-iVt 
fifteen  or  sixteen  years,  it  having  !:e;*n 
granted  \f)  him  durin;^  the  early  part 
of  .Mr.  Pitts  administration,  bv  tliat 
p;reat  minister,  in  order  to  save  the 
Cf;uiitry  the  exjxinse  of  a  jHUt'ion, 
which  had  bc-en  previous  granted  to 
ilv:  colonel  as  tlic  well-earned  re- 
ward of  a  lon:]fand  meritorious  pub- 
lie  life,  and  which  was  of  coiirac  rc- 
Jinfjuiih':d.  Jt  is  one  of  the  Lirgest 
\yi::v:U(ji  in  the  gifi  of  the  miniater, 
wortii  y/H)()L  per  year,  and  a  com- 
plete sinecure.  (It  has  since  been 
given  by  Mr.  Addinglon  to  his  son, 
a  youth  at  -chun!.)  Colonel  Barre died 
pf>s.^es.-:^td  of  about  2-i,0(X)/.  a  moiety 
ijf  which  he  has  bequeathed  to  tlie 
marchioness  Townshcud. 


wnn  was  c-.nv 

ar.is' 


v^- 


AUGUST. 

1st.  Iljdficid,  the  lunatic,  the 
person  who  lired  at  the  kin^  atDru- 
ry-lane  theatre,  and  who  had  made 
his  escape  fiom  his  keeper ■>,  has 
been  retaken  at  a  nublic-hoiiic  in 
Deal,  and  conducte  d  back  to  town. 

The  Irish  state  prisoners iiavt.  arriv- 
ed at  Hjimhurs^from  Fort  St. George  : 
the  greater  parr  of  tncm  Vvcre  pre- 
j)aring  for  America;  but  Si>me. ofthe 
cieet,  uitli  Mr.  Arthur  O'Cjunor, 
had  rccei\ecl  passports  from  the 
French  minisrf.r  there  for  Paris. 

The  f<;l](»winfrare  the  Ic.ndinir  par- 
ticulars  oi  the  trial  of 'vViUiam  C'larU. 


ictetl  (at  CiielmsfordJi 
utr'ercd  death ,  for  brutally  assault- 
i::g  Eleanor  Jane  Buer,  an  infant  chDd 
nfkt  quite  nine  3'cars  (,ld.  The  child; 
while  giving  her  evidence,  was  seat- 
ed in  a  chair  before  the  judge,  and 
a  more  interesting  countenance  and 
ingenuous  appearance  were  never 
exhibitul  in  the  person  of  an  in- 
nocent female.  She  stated  roost 
distinctly,  that  last  Tuesday  was  i 
mor.th  she  was  returning  from 
schuol  to  her  father's  bouse.  It 
was  about  six  o'clock  in  the  even- 
in-- ;  when  the  prisoner  overtook 
her,  and  said  to  her,  "  What !  is  it 
you.  Miss  Eiier  ?  come,  Til  isee  yioa 
li<.»me  to  your  fatlier's  house."— 
ThinkiiH  no  harm,  she  gave  hiin  bef 
can  and  provision- basket  to  carry  fiv 
her,  and  they  went  on  together; 
On  coiuing  to  a  green  la^c,  aboidi 
half  a  mile  from  her  fatlier's  houses 
he  a-ked  her  to  sjo  that  way:  but  sbr 
refused,  exclaiming.*'  No  !  no!  it 
is  \M.t,  don't  let  us  go  tliat  way.**. 
On  w  hich  he  .said,  *'  It'  you  don't  go 
quietly,  I  will  stib  you."  He  took 
her  by  tljc  wrist,  and  dragged  ha 
along.  She  wished  to  get  away> 
cried  very  much,  and  said  she  want- 
ed to  go  to  her  father's  house.  Tfc 
wretch  then  assaulted  her  in  a 
manner  too  horrid  for  description ; 
and  having  satisfied  his  brutal  in-* 
clinatlon,  stabbed  her  in  the  throat 
and  lan  away.  She  got  up  in  ex- 
treme agon}-  and  fright,  and  saw  he^ 
faihers  man  Philip  coming  down 
thcj  lane.  He  came  up  to  ner,  and 
she  was  just  able  to  say,  *'  Oh  !  a 
man  has  cut  my  throat." — Philip 
\Vhite,  the  servant,  corroborated^ 
in  several  paiticulars,  the  evidence 
of  Aliss  Euer  ;  and  a  Mr.  Carter^ 
a<urgeonj  of  \Valtham -abbey,  gave 
the  following  testimony  : — "  On 
I'ucsday^  the  29th  of  June,  in  the 

•veoingf 


CHftONIClE,  431 

# 

evening,  I  was  sent  for  to  Jane  Buer.  while  a  chimney  was  falling,  had 
I  found  the  child  extremely  faint  at  her  skull  fractured. 
Holdsworth's* cottage,  near  tl;e  lane,  3d.   Minorca  has    been  fbrmall/ 
apparently  near  death,  from  tlie  loss  dilivered  up  to  the  Spaniards  in  con- 
of  blood  5  she  was  still  bleeding  from  sequence  oi'  die  late  treaty  of  peace, 
a  wound   in  the  bottom  part  of  tlie  and  is  now  entirely  evaqaated  by  thft 
neck,  two  inches  long,  and  exceed-  British.     The  troops  who  composed 
ingly  deep,  tlie  breatli  issuing  freely  the  garrison  have  arrived  at  Gibraltar 
through  the  wound,  so  that  her  voico  on  dieir  way  to  England, 
cpufld   scarcely   be   heard.     He  ex-  I'his     afternoon     J\fr.     Game- 
amined  furtlier,  and  found  the  child  rin    again    ascended,    from  Vaux- 
raiserably  lacerated,  as  if  done  by  a  hall  -  gardens.  —  The    bills   of  tlic 
knife.     There  was  no  doubt,  in  his  day   intbrmed    die  public    that  he 
mind,  die  horrid  act  had  been   per-  would  ascend  ex^cdy   at  half  past 
petratcd.    -llie  case  was  too  clear  to  six  o'clock,  accompanied  by  i^adame 
admit  of  doubt  in  his  mind." — The  Garnerin  and  a  gentleman.     Curi- 
jury    instandy  pronounced    tl\e  pri-  osity  was  excited  to  die  utmost  de- 
soner   guilty,   and    the  judge,   in   a  gree,   it   being  the  first   time,   tor 
veiy  impressive  mannei-,    dieu  pass-  fifteen  ycai's,   since  a  lady  had  veil- 
ed die  sentence  of  die  law.     The  .tured  in   diis   country  to  soar  tlic 
Avretch  ev  inccd  no  symptom  of  sor-  empyrean   height.     1  he   day    was 
row  or  repfiitance :  lie  is  only  twen-  exceedingly  line,  and  the  crowd  of 
ty  years  of  age,  and  was  servant  to  spectators  was  immense.     Widiout 
a  farmer  at  Coptball-green.  die  garden,  it  is  computed  that  uj)- 
2d.   A  fire  broke  out  at  the  house  wards  of  300,000  persons  were  col- 
of  Mr.  Bond,  faruKT,  at  Shobrook,  lected ;   and  at  an  early  hour  sevej^al 
which  was  attended  widi  very  me-  thousands   tried  for  admission    intt> 
•lancholy  conse(jiiences.     When  the  the  gardens.     The  balloon,    whidi 
accident  happened,    Mr.  Bond    and  is  the  same  in  which  Mr.  Garnerin 
part  of  his  taniily  were  at   church,  made   his  last  voyage  from    Lord's 
and  at  home  were  tvv'o  of  his  daugh-  cricket-ground,    \\'as  placed   in  the 
ters,  one  eighteen  the  other  lifiet^n  centre  walk  of  die  gardens,  and  the 
years  of  age.     After   dinner,    diey  process  of  filling  it  with  inflammabl* 
had   both  repo.scd   themselves- on  a  air  was  completed  by  five   o'clock. 
bed,    and    did    not   awake  till    siu--  Madame  Garnerin  was  a  consider- 
rounded  by  flames.    The  oldest  im-  able  time  on  die  stage,    and  was  re- 
mcdiati^ly  llcw  to  the   ^^indow,  and  ceived  by  die   spectators   with  the 
descended  in  safety  j  the  other   at-  most  enthusiastic  tokens  ofadmira- 
tempted  to   follow,    but   some   fire  tion.     She  is  radier  above  die  mid- 
dling  before,  she  became  alarmed,  die  size,  extremely  pretty,   and  her 
and    ran   to    another   part   of    die  countenance   very   animated.     She 
bouse :    she   soon    retuined  to    the  was     dressed    in    white,    in     the 
window,   but,    o\ciconie   with   die  English  style,   and  returned  the  ap- 
iiufibcating   flames,    she   fell   back-  plause  paid  to  her  with  marks  of  die 
wards,  -and   perished !     Her   body  utmost   respect.     A   gendeman   of 
was  soon  dibcovered,    but Jn  a  state  die  name  of  Glasford  was  appointed 
too    shocking  to   describe.     A  scr-  to   accompany   them    in  ti'avcrsing 
VAiu   maid  approa<  hing    too   near^  die  air.     During  the  interval  of  die 

time 


4^2       ANN  UAL  REGISTER,    1802. 


■  :-^?  rf  .T ascension,  madamc  Gamc- 
-.  V  ;\u!rd  round  the  gardens, 
:<d  by  Mr.  Astkv,  jiin.  vt' 
v.  J  iJKM:c,  who  was  vcrv 
in  n  rid  r'lD^i  evcrv  assist- 
::  .  lur.  Ai  >cv: n  o'clock  ex- 
.  .vr  iin-.ice  havi:^g  been  given 
i  .  .';{.•  tir.i-.:  of  t.'ine  gun>,  maduue 
i'.  -■u'-'n  i.K)k  li'-T  seac  in  the  car; 
t:  •  n  li)llj-.vt':.l  Mr.  Giastv/rd  j  arjd, 
L:  ry,  M.  (TLifi.erin,  who  politely 
b'iVxvd  to  the  sjxe'.atorN,  previous 
V)  h;>  t.ikiiig  his  scat,  and  was  re- 
eciv^d  uitli  lov.d  Juizzas.  Some 
liui-.'  in:.  n-iint'o:i  was  ecc^asioncd  bv 
thi*  luiloon  not  inimediaielv  ri>iny:, 
but  nv.^nsit'Lir  (ranieiin  obviated 
lhi«>  diii.i'iilty  by  tlirowing  cut  Fonic 
baila-t,  and  ihe  balloon  then  gradu- 
ally a«^c/nded  in  the  most  majestic 
mar.ncr.  Scarce  a  brcarh  of  wind 
moved,  and  iJic*  aeronauts  remained 
at  a  cor.sidrrable  hei?[ht  neariv  over 
tin  spoi  from  whence  they  ascended, 
to  tii'c-  adm  ratVni  of  tiie  spi^ctators, 
who  ti^stitird  ihcir  iov  t:t  ihis  bril- 
liant  sjxctaele  by  the  most  loud  and 
rcii crated  ^liouts  of  applause.  In 
.  about  ten  minutes,  monsieur  Gar- 
nirin  l^t  fall  from  tlie  car  a  small 
])arachute,  to  which  was  siLspcndcd 
a  cat.  The  balloon  then  began  to 
ascend  a  little,  and  afterwards  de- 
scend, keeping  in  view^  for  upwards 
of  an  hour,  mons.  G.  raanitesting, 
durinor  ,he.  whole  of  the  time,  the  ut- 
most  dvxtcritv  in  the  manasjement  of 
it.  At  a  qviaricr  past  eight  o'clock  the 
aeronauts  descc  nded  witli  the  facility 
of  a  bid,  and  without  having  ex- 
perienced any  inconvenience  on 
renc»iin:r  the  iiToand,  in  lord  Ross- 
lyn's  jxiduo.'^k,  an  tlie  top  of  llamp- 
stcad  iiill.  ^Ir.  Dickenson,  of  Long- 
acn^  followed  the  balloon  on  horsc- 
bact,  and,  afur  assisting  in  ia^llen- 
ing  it  on  its  de.-ceni,  pnx'eeded 
to  Vaiudiall^  where  his  commuuica- 

'1 


tioQ  of  the  safety  of  the  aerodSQfi 
was  recei\ed  br  the  anxious' crowd 
with  the  most  becoming  tokens  of 
liincere  joy. 

When    the  aerial   travellers  fint 
asctMided,  they  experienced  not  tke 
least  wind.    When  at  the  height  <|f 
about  ten  thousand  feet,  a  little  car- 
rent  of  wind  took  them^  and  ha^ 
not  mons.  Ganicrin  been  pledged  to 
return  to  the  gardens  the  some  c\*en-  * 
ing,  he  would  liave  proceeded  to  a 
greater  distance.  When  they  alip- 
ed in  tlie  gn)unds  of  lord  RossTtii, 
ever)'  assiMtanee  was  aflbrded  them 
by  a  largt*  numl^er  of  persons  who 
hvM  ft^llflwed  trom\^auxhall  on  hono* 
back  :  they  experienced  much  diffi- 
culty in  bringing  the  anchor  to  hdd,. 
anil  wore  dragged  to  a  considerabfe 
distanc^r.      After  securing  the  bsd- 
loon,  they  proceeded  lor  the  gar-  ' 
dens,    A\here    thev    arri^rd    abotit 
eleven  o'clot^k.     Madame  Gramem 
walked  once  or  twice  roimd  the  gar-* 
den,  in  comj^any  with  Mr.Astley 
and  some  friends,    but  the  crowd 
was  so  great,  each  ixrison  being  eaffX 
to  \\Q\v  the   adventurous  fair-cme, 
that  it  was  thought  advisable  for  the    ' 
party  to  retire,  which  they  acoord- 
ingly  did  into  the  box  which  is  0p« 
nenilly  appropriated  for  the  use  of  toe 
prince  of  Wales,  where  an  el^mt 
supper  was  served  up.    Mons.  Gar- 
nerin,  during  tlie  time  of  EUppor, 
Received  the  compliments  of  a  Tane^ 
of  persons,  which  he  in   the  moil 
polite  manner    returned.      Capteia 
Sowden  was  in  the  garden  when  iUA 
balloon  first  ascended,  and  rendered 
every  assistance.  A  Mr.  Cartenywai 
to  have  accompanied  mons.  and  nuid. 
Garnerin,  but  declined  just  befixe- 
the  time  appointed  for  ascension  ;  in 
consequence  of  which  Mr.  D:  GUdi- 
ford,  the  gentleman  a  luded  to,  sue*. 
ceeded  to  Ills  place.   The  descent  of 


J 


Chronicle* 


4Sd 


ihecati  widi  its  little  vehicle^  was 
gradual  and  perfectly  safe ;  it  fell  into 
the  garden  of  a  Mr.  C — ,  of  Hamp- 
stead,  who  insisted  on  receivirigtliree 
^ineas  for  indemrtificlation  of  the 
trespass  committed  iii  his  grounds  by 
poof  puss  and  the  parachute. 
^Capt.  Garvey,  of  tlie  third  regi- 
^nt,  Svas'some  time  sinde  murder- 
w  ^  St.  Eustatius,  by  an  ensign 
Price,  of  the  same  cot^,  who,  im- 
mediately after,  killed  himself.  No 
caiise  ean  be  assigned  for  this  horrid 
act,  as  the  deceased  had  lived  to- 
gether on  terms  of  particular  friend- 
&ip.  The  corps  has  voted  an  hun- 
tfred  guineas  for  the  ere(?tion  of  a 
nionument  to  capt.  (?arvey. 

4th.    Bonaparte  has  beeii  forttial- 
I7  invested  with  the  consulship  for 
Jife;  the  ceremony  was  distinguished 
bjr  every  necessary  solemnity.     In 
pursuance  of  a  resolution  of  tlie  se- 
iiatCj  M.  Barthelcmi,  as  president  of 
that  body,  addressed  die  chief  con- 
sul on  the  occasion.     He  acknow- 
ledged, in  terms  of  much  neatness, 
the  eminent  services  rendered  by  the 
consul   to  France ;    and  having  de- 
scribed the  nature  of  the  obligations 
due  towai'ds  him  by  tlie  people,  very 
properly  observed  tliat  it  only  remain- 
ed for  him  to  consolidate  the  bless- 
iBgs  \vhich  he  had  restored,  and  to 
cultivate  ^tlie    advantages    of    the 
ptacc  which  he  had  procured.     Bo- 
naparte, in  his  reply,   expressed  a 
ready  acquiescence  in  the  wish  of  the 
French  people,  that  the  whole  of  his 
-life  should  be  devoted  to  the  service 
of  his  country.    The  prosperity  of 
France,    he  hopes,  will  be  secured 
■from  the  capriocs  of  fortune,   and 
the  uncertniiUy  of  futurity  ;  and  the 
liappiness  of  the  people  ^f  that  coun- 
try will  contribute  to  the  felicity  of  hIJ 
Europe. 

Vol.  XilV. 


6th.  At  the  Maidstone  assizes  the 
hotorioiis  Miss  Robertson  bitfnght 
an  action  against  Oakley  and  others, 
to  recover  cefUiin  articles  of  up* 
holstery  goods  tiikeii  from  her  house 
at  Blackheath. 

Mr.  Garrow,  for  the  prosecutrix, 
alluded  to  the  circuntstancfes  of  noto- 
riety under  which  the  reports  have 
been  faised  against  hei*.  He  was 
not  apprehensive  she  would  suffer 
this  day  either  from  his  lordship's  or 
the  jury's  knowledge  of  the  libels  of 
"the  lady  in  nlen'sclothes,"  "tliegen- 
tleman  in  ladies'  clothes,"  "thefem:ilc 
swindler,'*  and  other  such  trash  with 
which  the  press  had  teemed.  Miss 
Robertson,in  her  instructions  tohini, 
hsis  stated  tliat  she  was  perfectly  wil- 
ling that  the  whole  of  hef  life  should 
be  investigated  in  this  place,  were  it 
not  that  slie  Was  apprehensive  that 
k  would  tdke  up  too  much  of  tlie 
time  of  tlie  court.  This  wns  in  fact 
a  sidlple  action  of  trover,  to  recover 
certain  articles  of  Upholstery  goodit 
taken  from  her  house  at  Blackheath. 
He  entered  ii;to  the  history  of  her 
dealing  with,  the  house  of  Oakley 
and  CO.  and  their  magazine  of  fa- 
shion J  he  mentioned  the  furniture  of 
tlic  drawing-room,  whicli  was  to  be 
dado,  sky  ceilings,  compartments,  8cc. 
and  took  notice  of  Mr.  Creasy's  at- 
tachment to  Miss  Robertson's  veni- 
son, and  his  extrenie  liking  to  ride 
in  her  fine  coach:  He  related  tlie 
conversation  that  took  place  aflrr 
dinner  ^nth  Mr.  Oakley,  Mr.  Crea- 
sy, and  Miss  R.  relating  to  an  ano- 
nymous letter  received  respecting 
C>3kley's  having  reported  ^W.  o\4'cct 
Irm  KXX)/.  ()n  his  being  taxed 
with  it,  he  denied  it,  sayiiig  that  he 
never  had  made  any  such  a'->enicjn. 
8oon  after  this,  Mr.  Oakley  present- 
ed hi.niKelf  at  tlic  area  door  of  her 

^     J''  f  hciu^e, 


43+        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


!.ou  p,  z:.  1  a-king  if  one  of  his  m:n 
Lid  broui^lit  a  cari>i:t  for  ihc  dr.iw- 
i:y^-Tvoni,  he  g*^  laaniiiuua-.  and  k-t 
in.h:ilf ;-!  lozenofhis  irv.-:;.  \iho  ntrxcr 
1  ft  it  i\'.]  \li*:\  hr- 1  ijkcn  ovt  all  the 
CO'.  2t  =:ht-  h.:dhr.^i  fn.m  l.:m  csii  other 
pr-m-.  Ar.y  oniiraiv,  '.iuil,  r:i::)id, 
hfj.fit  Xr^d-^r.'/Ti:],  v.oiurl  have  Ix.en 
CfiTitcni  fo  have  arretted  her,  to  zo 
to  a  xt'.:.\,  to  .;et  a  vcrdi'.t,  a::d  cincr 
uj)  a  jud'jip.tiit,  b;:fjrc  lar  Uiul'rrtook 
to  miike  a  iudemciitcf  his  o'.vn,  and 
take  uiit  the.  gt Kxis  fr.^m  the  cthrr 
i:reditr;r?.  Mr.  Garrow  concludtd, 
hy  exprt-sin^  a  hop;;  ihrjt  the  jury 
v.'nu]:\,  by  their  VL'rdirr,  arfbrd  a 
'•.v hole*: omc  lessen  to  tracL*  men  thr 
tlicir  future  conduce.  lie  then  jiro- 
C''d«d  to  call  hi-i  evidence:  the 
prlr-  :}^a!  of  whf  ni  wa  ?.Iiss  Sharp. 


to  li:;-  hoi:e  at  the  Farar-.:i,  she 
to.  k  V.  jrlj  her  a  nv.riil-''r  «>f  ail'.ci***^, 
'.or..c  c  f  tli(  :r.  p;i^cha^ed  (  f  Mv.  Uak- 
!<;} ,  of  the  vnlLc,  ;:s  .-he  tli'nks,  of 
110/  :  ihc  v.ii::'.;-s  rem.n-.luri  the 
iiiiiiric^i'.irttbirGfMiss  R.Mr  Oak- 
i'  v.  ^.^  Crca-v,  aiul  her.eif :  on  Mr. 
U:.ri:i  V  Ivinc^  i,.l;|  hy  M'-i  R  that 
sLv:  h::.:  n  rrjved  i-.i*  anonyniou^  let- 
ter, ?3\  ir.^,  Tj^nt  ho  hjd  rrported  the 
owed  h:;n  KCX)/.  he  denied  it;  he 
hnd  d'li.,'  hu-inci.-i  lirfore  fr.r  htr, 
LTid  v.n,  prr.'icr'y  vati^fi:d  '.viih  her. 
A  u^n\*r-cA\r,n  then  took  ph-ce  as 
to  ihr  ^:  r.:it\;hirn  Mr  Oaklr-y  had 
fc'i y f •:  1 ; :'  r  ^  rf^i :\\.  'r.-^i wel vc n:or,tii <, 
vv-'-))  jr.  adniii^rd  v/ns  tJje  ca-c. 
'i  lie  iiO/.  p::id  fcr  ihe  c:o:;d.s  t.* 
<)?.\]tv  v.as  h'T  mo2:cy,  r.::d  lent  U) 
h:  r  fri <^riid.  Miss  R.  /  she  \v. :.{  lo 
r.-'-ide  at  rhe  Parpoon  \vi:li  Mis 
R.  uho  mcntioiH'd,  in  ()ct:.l'.iL-, 
that  she  \  ■i>)icd  to  cc  to  vit  w  ihc 
>'a.LaJJy  estate,  but  it  v.ai  thea  too 


latp  in  the  year  j   die  does  not  to* 
n-.tmber  her  trustees  being  in  con- 
templation   to  xW  tfie  estates^  of 
its  Ix-irg  memicned  at  all ;  as  tolcr 
filler,  lady  Pa^t,  she  used  to  ^leik 
of  her  at  an  intended  sister;  sfaea- 
pccted   to  be  so  by  her  onion  vkh 
colonel   Cunninghame.       Aliss  A 
used  frequently  to  speak  of  her  ^ 
In 'ions,  and  at  one  time  put  herself 
in  mourning  to  go  to  meet  her  grand- 
father's corpse ;  but  in  consequence 
of  the  advice  of  Dr.  Lett<Knn«  that  it 
would  be  too  much  for  her  nemi> 
gave  it  up  On  the  demise  of  a  penoii 
?he  pretended  to  be  her  nootberydie 
went  into  mourning  fur  her,  andf^ 
it  out  that  she  deiived  a  handwome 
:Vrti!ne  from  lier,  although  her ii»" 
iher  is  still  ali\e.     When  MtssL 
w«-nt  away  from  Biackheath,  sbeie- 
xr.cvi  d  her  habitation  from  place  to 
pLic?  till  she  had  got  to  Huntingdon, 
where  she  was  arrested.     The  wit- 
ness   denied   rac^t    positive!/  tint 
cither  heror  Mi*s  R,  ever  were drw- 
ed  in   men's  clothes.     After  aone 
oiIuT  cvii!ence  for  the  prosecotion 
was   gone  into,   sergeant  iShqJuri 
rose  ior  the  defence,  and  adpoif 
reprimanded  the  conduct  of  thepro- 
^caltrix  in  bringing  forward  the|R- 
sent  actlcn,  situated  as  she  is.     Her 
artsand  devices  in  deceiving  her  ihpit 
intimaie  friend,  he  most  pointBdllf 
reprobated  and  exposed.     He  mads 
a  very  pleasant  allusion  to  the  doh 
n'.cter  of  yobng  Wilding,   in*  dis 
Liur,  as  to  her  deceiving  her  basoai 
friend.     If  she  coidd  and  would  do 
ihtit,  is  it  to  be  wondered  at,  thatiht 
.should  dupe  the  upholsterer,  by  keep- 
ing up  die  force  with  all  the  fft 
Aviiich  she  is  fully  mistress  of,  that  dif 
couKl  deceive  stone  masons,  brick- 
layers, carpenters,  and  even  cuiricn, 
to  a  coukidcrablc  cxtcnW^  The  leam* 


CHRONICLE.  iSi 

rgeant  then  read  two  letters^  13th.    Stephen  Lfic,  die  house? 

from  Miss  Sharp,  claiming  a  breaking  gipsy,  ^d  the  two  sol4ier| 

»f  the 'goods  taken  out  of  tiie  pf  the  14th  Ught  dragoons^  fo^r  highT 

i  as  her  own  3  and  a  second  way  robberies,  and  the  monster  for 

Miss  Robertson,  indemnifying  the  rape  near  Walthamstow^  wero 

Oakley,  if  he;  would  return  to  executed  at  Chelmsford,  pursuant  tp 

Sharp,  or  make  her  compensa-  their  sentence :   die  three   former 

for  any  articles  he  might  liave  djied  obdurately  3  the   last   showed 

.  away.   He  argued  from  them,  evident  marks  of  contrition.    Gibf 

she  had  given  Mr.  Oakley  Ji-  bons,  one  of  the  dragoons,  peeing  ^ 

to  take  away  tlie  goods  lie  did  soldier  amongst  tlie  spectators,  oall-!' 

and  tliat  he  was  right  in  so  ed  out  to  hiin,    "  Coimade!  look 

;.     If  he  had  not  done  so,  he  and  see  whetliqr  I  don't  die  like  a 

1  have  been  most  completely  ^oldijer!**    and   iminediately  as  the 

ed  out  of  every  shilling  3  pi  it  drop  was  fiilling,  he,spi*ung  from  it 

be  must  lose  300/.  or  upwards  g  considerable  height, 

apering  and  decorating  rooms  15th.     At  tjie  court  of  requests 

roujd  not  be  removed  from  the  the  following  cause  came  on  for  ti;Jal: 

!.     He  was  most  certainly  very  A  dancer  of  inferior  talents,  who  was 

y  used  by  this  shameful  and  engaged  as  one  of  die  figure-dancers 

alous    action     being    brought  at  the  opera-house,  was  employed 

St  him  ;  it  could  have  no  other  by  a  la4y  of  fiashion  aud  dist'uicdon 

,  but  that  of  adding  still  more  :to  assist  at  a  fete  cbampetre  she  gave 

\  already  heavy  losses  3  to  re-  in  honour  of  die  late  peace.    The 

on  it  was  impossible.  lady  had  imagined  a  scene  represent- 
ee letters  above  were  put  in  and  ed  by  Jiving  characters,  in  which 

when  die  learned  judge  stop-  Britannia   was  to  be   seated  on   a 

lie  cause,  declaring  his  decided  throne,  iittended  by  peace,  plenty, 

an,  that  the  two  letters  in  qvies-  liberty,  commo^cc,  pros[ieyrity,  and, 

p«t  an  end  to  die  action,  diat  in  short,  by  emblejuadc  personifica- 

Dunection  between  Miss  R.  aud  tions  of  every  blessing  heaven  hasr 

S.  was  evidently  of  a  swindling  bestowed.     To  cxepute  this  classical 

iptipn,    and  that  Uie  plaintiff*  design,  it  was  necessary  to  liave  per- 

not,  upon  any  principle  of  .  sons  to  sustain  die  characters,  and 

Y  or  justice,  be  endded  to  a  with  that  .view  several  figure-dan- 

st.  cers  of   the  opera-house  and    the 

;e  plaindlT  was  accordingly  non-  theatres  were  engaged  3  they  per- 

1.  fonped  to  admiration,  and  die  com- 

1.    Tlie  most  violent  and  un-  pany  were  highly  delighted  with  tfieir 

figd  abuse  of  the  British  press  exerdons.   When  they  had  cx>nc]ud- 

ippeared  in  the  Moniteur,  the  ed>  diey  were  alio  wed.  to  pai  take  U' 

iL  oilicial  jouinal :    it  should  .  every  luxury"  provided  by  ih-j  .lib-ral 

^t  the  hrit  amsul,  in  die  mistress  of  the  feast,  and  at  their  de- 
tune of  his  po>ver,  supposes  it  parture  diey  each  received  a  compli- 
ble  to  put  down  by  vjolencx^,  ment  of  three  guineas.  Hand  :omc 
the  higli  tone  he  assumes,  that  as  this  rcmuneratioti  was.  At  did  not 
md  greatest  of  the  buhv^kjs  of  satisfir  the  plaiudll':  she  wrote  word 
berty.r— Ses  AppcRdix.  W  xhe  lady,  .that  sbtt  ukxqs  aa:epted 


*S6  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

less  than  fixe  guineas.    Tht  lady  re-  there  against  the  central  govemmeoL 

ferred  her  to  her  house  steward,  who  and  it  is  very  uncertain  whether 'n 

thinking  she  had  been    very  well  will  be  possible  to  make  mem  receifc 

fMid,  refused  her  any  further  satis-  the  new  constitution.    The  uutiflH  ' 

faction.     Upon  his  refusal,  she  re-  tor  of  these  commotioos  is  the  ah 

khiced  the  demand  to  SQs.  and  sum-  landanunan  Reding.  It  appears  timl;. 

nioned  the  lady  for  that  sum.    The  he  has  been  loi^  labouring  oo  the 

steward  attended,  and  explained  the  execution  of  his  vast  plan  cf  a  oonov 

circumstance  to  the  commissioners,  W-re\'olution,  and  tor  this  purpaie 

who  told  the  plaintilf  they  could  not  has  taken  advantage  of  the  abseno* 

adjust  a  matter  of  such  importance,  of  the  Fiendi  troops.    He  beggn  faf. 

She  might  bring  her  action  in  the  calling  an  assembly  of  hi^coi&fen^' 

court  of  king's  bench,  but  they  could  tial  friends  at  Gersau.  In  this  meetp 

not  take  cognizance  of  a  cause  when  ing,  whidb  took  place  on  the  34th    | 

the  demand  had  been  lessened  merely  of  last  months  it  was  resolved  to :   '■ 

for  the  purpose  of  bringing  it  witliin  oonvoke,  on  the  17th  of  Angost,  dift, 

dieir  jurisdiction^— The  plaintitf  was  general  assemblies  of  the  people  ioC    . 

dismissed,  and  danced  out  of  court  the  three  petty  cantixis,  to  oblige  aD  *  1 

extremely  mortified.  the  public  functi<Niaries  to  lesiga  " 

The  flowing  anecdote  of  a  Bri-  their  places ;  to  induce  the  old  smk- 

lisli  seaman,  one  of  the  crew  of  the  gistrates  of  1798  to  resume  thek 

Caesar,  of  84  guns,  paid  off  this  day  lunctions ;  to  form  a  confedtnitiiA 

at  Plymouth,  deserves  to  be  recorded:  between  the  three  cantons;  and  -ta 

In    the    gaUant    attack   on  Linois  collect  all  the  men  capable  of  beiEii 

vquadron,  in  Algesiras-bay,  the  5th  ing  arms.    At  Schwitx,  Reding  ••*: 

of  July  180i ,  the  boats  of  the  Caesar  siired  the  inhabitants- that  Bonqiarte^  ■ 

hsd  bct^  all  rendered  useless  by  the  whom  he  chose  to  denote  fay  the  A^.~ 

mhot  troni  tlic  batteries.     It  was  ne-  lowijig  words, "  the  man  whoxmitsh  • 

c*essary  to  stnd  some  orders  of  parti-  Europe  tremble,*'  had  given  him  IfU , 

cular  consequence,  in  the  tlien  situa-  word  that  the  canton  might  cqnsti- 

tion  of  the  H^nibal,  of  74  giuis,  tute  itsdf .  as  it  pleased.     The  rfr* 

captain  IV  rris,  (on  shore,  and  then  establishment  of  the  ancient  cnxlcr  qf 

'murh  expo.^cd  to  the  enemy's  fire,)  things  was  proposed.    Rcdins  «a|  J 

to  the  Venerable,  of  74  giuis,  capt.  then  appoini^d  landamman,  aod^fB  . 

llocd  ;  rear-admiral  sir  J.  Saiunaiez  the  ancient  authorities  w^re  rpstarai. 

asked  who  could  swim }  a  fine  young  In  many  places,  the  pastoral  letter^ 

seamiai,  about  nineteen,  came  aft,  the  bishop  of  Constance,  which  d^s 

during  tlie  hottest  of  the  fire  from  clared  that  there  was  iiothiqg  in  thf 

Xhc  French  fleet  and  batteries,  and  new  constitution  conuary  to  reUgioi^ 

of1<:r(  J  to  i>tnp  and  carry  the  orders  was  torn  from  the  oiurch. doors  lya 

ki  his  mouth,  -which  he  actually  ac-  which  it  was  pasted.  '  ^. 

^i»inplii-h(xl,  and  brought  back  an        The  new  members  elected  .f6 

iOitoWtr  to  sir  James  in  about  fifty  parliament  are  uncommonly  nnme^ 

/liinutes  !!!  rous:  they  amount  to  164,  tf  wiuid 

lOth.   It  appears,  by  the  accounU  145  are  llnglish,  14  Scotch/ and  ^ 

Jrom  Switzerland,  that  in  the  petty  Irish. 

iantons,  instead  of  acquiescence  and        20th.    The  following  remarkatite 

iubraiasionio  the  new  order  of  things,  circumstance  .occurred  :  -^-The  d^ 

>  T<>fiiV9l  iiisufrection  is  organizing  Fair  Americair  was  lost  aboat  nx 


/■ 


CHRONICLE. 


«r 


ago  off  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and 
boxes  and  other  property  wcreu 
i  from  her  j  ho>*'Cver,  Messrs. 
ins  and  Gray,  who  were  prin- 
y  interested,  this  day  received  a 
containing  forty-nine  watches, 
ithin  it  this  short  note :  '*  Advcr- 
liese,  that  the  right  owner  may 
them,  and  when  I  see  tliat  done 
I  send  you  the  remainder." 
the  Derby  assizes  a  young  man, 
had  a^umed  the  name  of  the 
Hervey  Howard,  was  indicted 
ealing  bank  notes  amounting  to 
and  acquitted  by  baion  Thomp- 
without  trial.    The  act   (on 
b  the  prosecution  rested)  of  the 
Geo.  II.  is  against  persons  frau- 
itly  obtaining  "  money,  goods, 
5,  and  merchandizes,*'and  there- 
the  obtaining  of  bank  notes  is 
onsidered  an  offence  under  that 
-There  is  another  statute,  viz. 
3d  Henry  VIII.  against  persons 
illy  obtaining  "  goods,  &c.  by 
IS  of  any  &lse  tokens  j*'  but  the 
noes  made  use  of  by  the  prisoner 
lot  constitute  an  oftence  under 
•tatute,  or  at  common  law ;  cou- 
rtly, as  the  case  was  deemed  not 
oount  to  felony,  there  was  legally 
rtminal  offence  committed.  The 
e,  however,  directed  the  100/, 
i  paid  over  to  the  prosecutor, 
otwithstanding     die    profound 
e  that  reigns  at  present  through- 
all  £urope,  there  seems  not  to 
:  much  confidence  in  the  public 
}«  as  to  its  duration.  The  funds 
low  and  continue  to  fall/  whilst 
Moniteur  constantly  growls  ai^d 
nbles  at  the  license  of  the  £ng- 
press. 

ith.  The  son  of  a  wealthy  native 
iombay,  a  boy  of  about  twelve 
s  of  age,  was  missing,  and  the 
t  diligent  seardi  made  for  him 
rain.      On  the   day  following. 


some  suspicions  alighting  on  a  gold« 
smith  and  a  Purvoe  in  the  neigh*'* 
bourhood,   they  were    taken    intp' 
custody,  but  denied  any  knowledge 
of  the  child.    The  Purvoe  professed 
necromancy  5   and  calling  for  some 
wheat  ai)d  ashes,  be  scattered  some 
of  them  on  the  ground,  alternately' 
praying  and  addressing  himself  to 
heaven  to  discover  where  tho  bo^ 
was.     He  at  length  pretended  toi 
have  received  divine  intimation  as  to ' 
the  place  of  his  cohcealmedt,  and 
durected  the  distracted  parents  to 
several  places,  but  to  no  purpose. 
The  prisoners  were  afterwards  ex* 
amined  separately,  and  the  Purvoe 
was  induced  to  confess  that  the  bodjf 
of  the  bo/  wa^  deposited  in  the^  house 
of  his  brother  -,   atid  that  the  jewels 
which  he  wore,  worth  about  200 
rupees,  and  which  had  instigated  to 
his  murder,  weik^  concealed  in  the 
bag  for  hotse  provender.    On  goins 
to  the  house,  the  child  was  foimc!, 
with  the  head  severed  from  thefbody. 
Two  wQmcn>  with  the  Punoc's  bro- 
ther, have,  with  the  other  two,  bceft 
committed  for  trial. 

At  the  Monmouth  assizes,  Mr. 
W.  Sanders,  an  old  man  of  P|fRicN 
pool,  watt  found^  gnilty  of  man-* 
slaughter,  and  disdiarged,  on  paying 
6s,  B4'  His  son  had  violently  beat 
him  with  a  stick  and  horse^'hipi^ 
and  threatened  to  murder  him  on 
the  first  opportunity  *  that  c^red, 
with  a  view  to  mtimidate  him.  The 
old 'man  loaded  his  gun>  and  pr^-^ 
senting  it  at  the  ui^inatural  reprobate, 
shot  him. 

The  following  |SK>ceedings  m  tht^ 
cose  of  Lathropp*s  bankruptcy  took 
place  tlii$  day  befbce  the  lord  dban- 
ccllor,  and  will  elucidate  some 
mysterious  circumstances  thsft  bava 
of  late  \ety  9iuch  engaged  the  at^ 
tention  of  the  public.  Aci  applicar 
Ff  9  Hffik 


45^        ANNUAL   REGISTER*  1802. 

■ 

tion  having  been  made  to  supersede  (King)   would  issue  nates    xriyi.,. 

tlie  commwision  of  bankmptcy,  the  \i-Duld  ultimately    come  Won  tte 

solicitor-general  read  a  petition  from  petitioner  and  rUln  him.    lire  pctt 
the  banknipt,  which  stated^   that  in ^  tioner  being  olartned  and  intimidated*' 

the  month  of  Februjry  last  he  be-  by   these  proceedings,    at    length ' 

came  acquainted     witii  Mr.   John  signed  a  denl  of  general  partnersfai|» 

King,  at  tliat  time  a  partner  in  the  in  the  banking  business,     ^e  » ' 

PorUand-plare  bank,  who  introtluced  titioner  thought  it  proper  to  expiaiii 

himself  to  the  petitioner,  a  young  the  reason  v3iy  he  had  assimied  »rt 

inexperienced  nwh,  invited  him  to  many  nameS.     He  had   tnaified  a' 

his  house  to  dinner,  and  treated  him  vouiig  lady  of  the  name  of  Clatice> 

with  amazing  splendour  and  hospi-  and  took  her  name  in  order  tb  lib* 

tality.     That,  deceived  by  these  ap-  tain  pO<;session  of  her  fottune  :  tllSl 
pearances,  the  petitioner  conceived,   lady   inherited  her   pro|)crty  l^oitt 

King  to  be  a  very  rich  nian  5  tliat  on  her  grandfather,   whose  liafiaie  tnfli 

an  occasion,  after  he  had  dined  with  Brown,  and  the  petitioner  h^  alsA 

King,  and  had  been  freely  supplied  assumed  that  name.     The  petitlDiiel^ 

^\^th  wine,  when  tlie  rest  of  the  party  further  stated,  that  finding  tftid  hOtM 

had  sat  down  to  play  at  whist,  Mr.  issued  by   the   l*ortland-J>lace  baiik 

King  took  him  into  his'  study>  and,  were  dishonoured,    and    tliat   the 

in  glowing  language,  represented  to.  other  partner  of  King  wis  insolvent, 

him  the  immense  profits  of  banking,  he  exerted  himself  to  the  utniost,  in 

and  cx)uu3elled  him  as  k  friend  to  order  to  t^t  rid  of  the  connectidk 

embark  in  puch  a  concerii  ,with  him-  in  which  jie  had  so  incautiously  in*- 

self,  will ch  he  was  about  to  establish  volvcd    himself.    The    partitershSpl 

at  West  F<:lu)n-hall,  in  Shropshire,  was  soon  after^  dissolve^!,  but  Kiirt; 

where  li<  had  a  small  estate.     Thai  did  not  sisjn  tlie  deed,   as   his  nam 

consrhring  the  elegant  manner  iii  was  iV)t  in  the  fiim.  King  had  issuttf  . 

which  Mr.  King  lived,  which  could  the  company *s  notes  Tn  ordet"  to  dM 

:pf;t  iaW    to  impress   the   petitioner  charge  his  o\\ii  private  debts  ;  6ffl, 

with  most  favourable  notions  of  the  the  petitioniiig  creditor,  hadnobjiAtf 

profits  of  banking,   it  was  not  asto-  on  the  partnership,  "but  had  in  this 

nishing   that  a  yoyjig   man  should  manner  got  from  King  i>ills  totll9 

att^iud  r!..:;  proposal  wliich  had  been  amount  of  3 GO/.    GSU  wfis  an^a'cpM 

rnadc  to  him ;  and  in  consequence  creditor  of  the  petitioncfr  Olily  ha  the 

of  these   impressions,    he    actually  extent  of   13/.  /.v.  2d,  and  "he  lfil8  ; 

subscribed  an  agreeinent  to  become  repeatedly  deckt!red  that  he  hUd  fiH 

j  partner  in  the  bank  in  Shropshue..  demand  to   make  if  this  jstffft  >M 

Sitxni  after  this  transaction.  King  be-  paid,  and  he  had  made  stfch  a  dedS^ 

gan  to  mention  the  petFtioner  as  a  ration    to   the  petitionees  &b6Uieki 

partner  in  the  Portland-place  bank,  from  whom  he  had  demanded  dEtt  ' 

which   circumstance     induced    the  siun,  adding,  tliat  if  it  wHs  not  pfi(i^ 

petitioner  to  remonstrate  with  King;  he  and  Mr.  King  would  ptov^  Ms 

but  the  latter  insisted^  m  the  most  ruin. 

positi\-c  terms,  that  the  paper  which        I'he  solicitor-general  having te^ 

the  petitioner  had  signed  was  a  com-,  this  statement,     remariied,   thrft  h 

pletc  contract  of  parmership,   and  must  be  obvious  tliat  thecommls^idft 

that  if  he  did  .not 'fulfil  the  terra;*,  lie  of  bankrupK:y  had  been  inSptOpehf- 

takfo 


/ 


CHRONICLE. 


439 


taken  out,  and  of  course  tliat  it  ought 
to  be  superseded.     Every  fact  stated 
in  tlie  petition  was  coiToborated  by 
affidavits.     The    partnership     only 
took  place  in  March,   and  was  ter- 
minated about  tlie  beginning  of  the 
month   following.     Gill,    tlie  peti- 
tioning creditor,  was  not  to  be  found, 
but  t^ere  was  no  debt  due  to  him 
from  the  partnership.     When-  the 
inaiyier  in    which  this  unfortunate 
yo'ungman  had  been  drawn  in  by 
King,  who  gave  him  elegant  diimers, 
and  displayed  his  magnificent  side- 
board of  plate,  and  introduced  him 
to  lady  Lanesborough,  wjs  consider- 
ed, Ixis  yielding  to  urgent  solicita- 
tions would  not  appear  any  way  sur- 
prising.    But,  independently  of  this, 
it  did  not  appear  tliat  the  petitioner 
had  any  idea  of  being  connected  with 
a  bank  in  London  5  he  only  agreed  to 
become  a  partner  of  one  in  Shrop- 
ihire,  where  he  had  a  small  proper- 
ty.   Tbis  was  not,  however.  King's 
design,  for  he  told  the  petitioner 
that  he  had  it  in  his  power  to  issue 
notes,   which  would  e(]ually  alfect 
hira,  and  Prescott,  the  oilier  partner. 
King  was    anxious    to    redeem  his 
plate,  and  wished  tlie  petitioner  to 
sign  a  security,  and,  upon  his  refusal, 
threatened  h'un  witii  total  ruin  3  add- 
ing,   that  h^  would  not  leave  him 
an  acre  of  land,  or  a  stick  upon  it. 
The  first  time  tlie  petitioner  saw  Gill 
was  at  King's  house,  with  whom  he 
appeared  to  be  well  acquainted.     It 
was  admitted,  that  Gill  had  supplied 
tlie  petitioner    wiih    linen     to  the 
amount  of  13/.  ']s.  '2d.  and  this  was 
tlie  extent  of  his   claim.-    Gill  had 
applied  for  diis  sum,  by  a  letter  ad- 
dressed to  him  as  colosid  l^tliropp 
in  the  following  terms  : 

*<  Dear  Colonel,  Having  a  payment 
to  make  on  Monday,  1  beg  you  will 
fet  me  have  tlie  13/,  7^.  '^d.  which  is 


»the  amount  of  your  account.  I 
shall  be  at  King's  to-morow — do  not 
disappoint  me.'* 

The  learned  counsel,  proceeded  to 
state  tlie  substance  of  an  affidavit 
made  by  tho  petitioner's  motlier. 
Gill  had  called  upon  her  for  payment 
of  this  account  of  13/.  7s.  2d,  He 
used  tlie  same  threats  and  strong 
language  as  had  been  resorted  toby 
King,  on  the  former  occasions  3  he 
said,  if  he  was  not  paid  this  13/.  h» 
would  make  her  son  a  bankrupt  and 
totally  ruin  him  3  but  that  if  tlie  debt 
was  paid,  he  would  free  him  £rdm 
all  his  embarrassments,  as  lie  had 
King  in  his  power,  or  ratlier  be- 
tween his  finger  and  thumb.  It 
therefore  appeared,  that  no  other 
debt  was  due  to  Gill,  and  the  bank- 
ruptcy itself  seemed  to  be  not  oiil^  - 
irregular,  but  a  gross  insult  offered 
to  the  court.  He  concluded  by 
humbly  submitting,  that,  as  no  pe- 
titioning creditor  appeared,  tlie  com* 
nnsslon  should  be  superseded,  and 
the  bond  assigned  over. 

Mr.  Cooke  said  a  few  words,  en-- 
forcing  tlie  arguments  of  the  solici- 
tor-general. 

Mr.  Pemberton  appeared  on  the 
other  side.  Hq  stated,  tliat  although 
GUI  could  not  be  found,  yet  it  ap- 
peared tliat  he  was  really  a  creditor 
of  tlie  parnershijJ ;  for  his  affidavit 
said,  that  the  bills  he  had  received 
were  for  goods  furnished  to  the 
bank.  He  came  forward  on  the 
present  occasion,  however,  not  as 
counsel  for  Gill,  but  for  Mr.  Birch, 
who  was  a  creditor  to  the  extait  of 
1500/.  tor  pantaloons !  He  thought- 
it  pr()|>er  to  support  Gill's  claim,  in 
order  that  the  demand  of  Mr.  Birch 
might  not  be  overturned. 

At^er  some  conversation  had  pass- 
ed, tlie  lord  chancellor  said,  Wheo 
he  recollected  that  a  nvuSlber  of  per- 
Ff  4  sons 


440        ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 

pons  had  lost  their  propcrt}',  and  territory.  Tlie  kijng  of  Prussia  Imb 
that  136,OCO/.  worth  of  paper  liad  also  a  large  portion  j  but  th6  priAce 
been  issued  from  this  bank>  b»  did  of  Orange  does  not  obtain  his  witlh 
not  feel  inclined  to  relieve  any  of  the  out  the  inaimbrance  of  some  French 
partes  from  their  responsibility,  claims.  The  grand  prior  of  Madti 
His  lordship  declined'  superseding  has  some  indemnity  assigned;  and* 
the  commission,  unless  it  was  un-  it  is  proposed  that  the  bishopric  of 
avoidable,  in  order  that  the  parties  Osnaburgh  shall  belong  in  perpetuity 
might  go  before  a  jury.  to  the  elector  of  Hanover,  provided 

25  th.  The  first  consul  has  totally    he  abandons  his  claims  upon  Hilde- 
forbiddcn  the  further  circulation  of    sbeim.  Convey,  and  Hoexter.    [for 
British  newspapers,   and   this  very    minute  particulars  of  this  most  im-/ 
unexpected  prohibition  has  been  al-    portant  negotiation,   see  the  Stata 
ready  carried   into   execution  j    no    Papers.] 

sooner  was  it  issued  than  the  com-  By  the  Lisbon  mails  arrived  to- 
missioners  of  the  police  visited  the  day,  informition  has  been  bnni^it» 
several  coffee-houses  and  reading-  that,  in  consequence  of  the  IVim- 
roonis,  and  seized  all  the  English  guese  minister  of  police  having  in-* 
papers  they  could  find !  sisted  upon  searching  some  baggtw^  . 

Tlie  whole  of  the  manufacturing  beloneing  to  general  Lanne^^W 
part  of  the  county  of  Wilts  has  been,  Prenoj  minister,  the  latter  remocw 
for  these  some  months  back,  in  a  strated  to  the  government  upon  the 
state  of  alarming  tumult  and  disor-  subject,  and  even  insisted  on  the  dis« 
<ier,  occasioned  by  the  general  in-  missal  of  the  minister  of  pdice^ 
troduction  of  the  shearing  machines  This  demand,  however,  was  net 
into  the  large  manufactories,  and  complied  with  by  the  government  j 
much  valuable  property  in  the  cloth-  a  conduct  at  which  general  Lanncf 
racks  has  been  privately  cut  and  de-  was  so  much  offended,  that  he  imme* 
stroyed"  by  night.  di^tely  quitted  Lisbon  for  Paria. 

Tlie  emperor  of  Russia  and  the  27th.  Early  Uiis  mpmin^,  aCV©- 
fifst  consul  have  issued  a  declaration^  ral  persons  bbsened  an  tuHunal 
by  which  they  have  determined  to  smoke  to  issue  from  the  chimney  of 
conclude  the  tedious  difficulties  of  a  house  in  the  pQ3se3sion  of  T)ioiqaa 
the  question  of  the  indemnities  in  Harding,  at  Somercoates-corpmoQa 
Germany,  the  principal  features  of  near  Alfi*eton,  in  Derbphire.  The . 
which  aro  as  follow  :  door  was  broke  open,  .and  the  inter- 

The  secularizations  are  general,  nal  part  of  the  house  was  found  all 
the  only  ecclesiastic  left  in  the  col-  in  a  smoke  and  bummg,  but  not  in 
liege  of  electors  being  tlic  arch-chan-  flames.  Before  any  person  cooM  % 
cellor  of  the  empire,  a  title  formerly  get  up  stairs,  the  chamber  fteor  ML 
annexed  to  the  electorate  of  Mentz.  to  the  ground ;  and  its  ruins  bFought 
The  electoral  dignity  will  be  con-  with  it  the*reraahis  of  three  yoiing 
ferred  upon  the  duke  of  Wirtcni-  childnui  burned  to  death  -,  one  with- 
l)crg,  the  landgrave  of  Hesse  Cassel,  out  its  head,  and  tlici  two  othen 
and  the  margrave  of  Baden,  who  wanting  some  of  thefr  limbs.  •  Tl» 
Jjciiig  a  near  rekitiAe  of  the  empp-  parents  of  these  unfortunate  {pfeyits 
rf)r  of  Russia,  appears  to  liave  been  went  on  Monday  aflemoon  to  Rip? 
(jrcatly  favoured  iu  tlie  allotment  of   icy  (about  two  miles  fixnn  tiienoe)  to 

gfinm 


CHRONICLE. 


441 


aamt  merriment,   and  very  impni-' 
dently  left'  die  children  all  night  by 
themselves. 

28th.  The  celebrated  Toussaint^ 
the  black  chief  of  St.  Domingo,  so 
long  master  of  that  island,  and  once 
the  terror  of  the  French  armies,  has 
arrived  a  prisoner  at  Paris  :  he  is 
confined  in  the  Temple. 

29tli.  At  noon,  a  considerable 
number  of  houses  were  burned  in 
the  town  of  Thurles,  Ireland.  Two ' 
boys  had  been  firing  squibs,  when- 
the  wadding  lodged  in  the  thatch  of 
a  house,  which,  from  the  intense 
beat  of  the  day,  was  more  than  ordi- 
narily combustible ;  and  the  wind, 
liglit  as  it  was,  blowing  unfortunate- 
ly on  the  town,  directed  the  flames 
that  way  with  such  fury,  that  above 
fifty  dwellings  and  offices  were  con- 
sumed, and  the  entire  of  the  property' 
(destroyed  within  tliem  before  the  fire 
could  be  extinguished. 

30th.     llie  West   India  dock, 
whidi  was  opened  this  day,  is  1n» 
tended  for  homeward-bound  ships, 
and  in  wiiicli  they  will  not  be  allow^ 
cd  to  stay  after  their  cargoes  are  dis- 
charged.    It  is  l6CX3  feet  long,  514 
.  wide,  and  29  feet  deep,  built  round 
witli  brick-work  five  feet  in  tliick- 
ness  at  top,  and  covered  with  large 
square  stoiujs  as  coping  to  the  wall. 
Another  dock  is  yet  to  be  made  for 
the  outward-bound  ships,  which  will 
be  of  tlie  same  length,  but  narrower 
by  100  feet.  A  magnificent  gateway 
to  the  quays  is  intended,  with  allego- 
rical devices,  and  thepe  will  be  a  high- 
wall  round  tlie  whole,  besides  a  slop- 
ing ditch,    llie  number  of  houses 
for   the    residence    of  clerks    and 
workmen  will  coum  rt  the  marsh  in 
time  into  a  town,  so  tliat  London 
will  really  extend  from  Paddington 
turnpike  to  Blackwall,  without  any 
iutermptipu  whatever. 


A  wager  of  rather  a  singular  na- 
ture, and  for  a  considerable  am^snint, 
was  determined  on  the  road  between 
Glasgow  and  Falkirk.  Th^  bet  wai 
laid  bet>\'eeh  Mr  John  Stobo,  surge- 
on in  Cumbernauld,  and  Mr.  James 
Smith,  of  the  same  place,  that  the ' 
latter  gentleman  would  not  walk,  in 
the  space  of  half  an  hour,  two  miles ' 
backwards.     To    the    surprise    of  • 
many  jA'eseiit,  Mr.  Smith  perform-  , 
ed  the  walk  exactly  in  twenty  mi- 
nutes. There  was  a  great  concourse 
of  spectators  present,  and  tlie  no- 
velty of  the  bet  afforded  good  spcHrt. ' 

Die  ft. — At  Lucknow,  general 
Claude  Martin,  who  rose  to  his  high 
station  in  the  army  from  the  ranks, ' 
and  who  fought  in  all  the  campaigns 
in  the  East  Indies  against  Hyder 
Ally  and  T^ppoo  Sultaun.  By  his 
will,  bearing  date  the  1st  of  January 
1800,  he  has  bequeathed  the  im- 
mense sum  of  six  hundred  thousand  • 
Sicca  rupees  in  various  pensions  and 
legacies.  1  he  biilk  of  his  fortune  is 
said  to  amount  to  470,000/.  which, 
with  the  exception  of  the  above-men- 
tioned sum,  he  has  devised  to  chari- 
table and  laudable  purposes,  tiie  inost 
considerable  proportion  of  which 
goes  to  his  native  city  of  Lyons  in 
France. 


h"  ■*■ 


SEPTEMBER. 

1  St.  Tliis  morning,  between  twrlr^ 
and  one  o'clock,  a  most  dreadM  fm 
broke  out  in  tlie  house  of  Mr.  Hrs- 
keth  Davis,  oilman,  in  Leadenhall- 
street,  nearly  opposite  tlie  East  India- 
house.  On  the  first  alarm,  the 
watchmeri  loelonging;  to  tlic  ft)dia« 
house  aflbnied  all  the  assistants  i|| 
their  power  with  the  company's 
engines,  which  ak>ne  piwcirted  th^ 
extension  of  tho  fire;  but,  uufortiK 


442        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

Ku'cly,  a  sufficient  quantity  of  wa-  of  affoiding  a.s3u>Unce  tothedistiesr* 
U:7  couM  iif.t  Ix;   procured   for  tiie    ed  iniT:ate's  5    they  then  fastened  the 

>p0cx;  of  tvo  hours,   when  tin:  con-  door  and  began  to  plunder  the  hoose, 

fia-Vcirlori   bad    extended  Itself    to  Avhen  tlte  door  was  ibrced  by  some 

M».    S'.vifi-i,     trunk-maker,     Mr.  |x?<.p!e  without,  who  suspected  their 

WardV..  th'-  Sijip  ta\cin,  tJu*  CT^iicva  intcriticL.s,   and  the  villaliis  mrerc  all 

warelioub'-,  and  tiic  top  part  of  Mr.  taken     aiid    sent    to  the   Poultxy* 

linklers     prwmi-.es.      The    vlioh  comr^tcr.. 

were  \ cry   bliorilv   in  nanics.     'J  he         Mr«.  Barrington,   "wife    of     the 

en-^ines  Ixlun-^iiit;    to   ilie   didercnt  alebratcd   George  BarringtoOj  Th'as 

firc-oliict-s  soon  ;irrived,  and  the  wa-  bi  ought  before  Mr.  aldeinuixi  Bky-. 

t'ir  'vis   played  M'iili  great  activity  de.l,  on  suspicion  of  robbing  a  AIn 

froi!    liiv.-  top  of  the   India- house.  Cox.     This  person   stated^   that  be 

Mt^'-r^  Li-.rr*'   i.i  a  taTik.     Such  was  was  passing  through  Ke\^'gate-stseet, 

the  fury  of  the  tianics    iJiat  very  aixnit  half|)a:>t  ele\'en  o'clock,  whpi 

littJj  proj.:rty  coiilci  Lc  :a.tJ.  he  was  accosted  by  the  prisoner  and 

ll>e   prerrii.-'.3   a)'>^>;e  menti  my}^  aiiivJier  woinan  ;   tliat  he  had  sonoe> 

v.ithr.y*  exception  of  Ml.  link!" ;'s,  com ersat ion  with   them,  when  be 

arc  Ciiti'cly  de<;t;'n\nd,   and   t"  1  in  n:.>-ed  a  guinea.     Upon  charging 

about  n  i ne  o  clcc k  in  tJ le  a *i  rn '  i » r: .  t hem  wi th  the  theit ,  the  other  wo* 

*i  he  i;3«.k  part  of  the  Kir.^'s  An^ii  njaa    ran    away,       ITie    witness^ 

inn    i.;  alo   burnt.      The   iuonen  however,  said,    that  he  could  not 

and   others   were  extremely  active  charge  Mrs.  Barrington  with  talunc 

as  .soon  as  water  was  proeurec;  from  his   money.     The  magistrate  a&kca 

the  tanks  in  Cornh'U;  and   though  him    whether     he   had  not  been 

scv(  ral  engines  were  at  wori:,   tiK*y  promised  the  money  in  case  be  did 

could  nf)y  fillpp^#^.^  the  fiames   for  not  support  the  cliatge;    thin  he 

come  hours.     One  man  last  his  life  stoutlv  denied.    Tlie  oath  was  then 

hy   spnie   part  of  the  hou^ve  laiiing  odministert  d  to   him,  and   he  wai 

ir.  I.    -n  lii.il,     A  company  of  gic-  cautioned  with  reopect  to  the  confle* 

na^'>  i .  j/flongin;;  to  tht:  royal  Ka-:t  qucrces  of  giving  felsc  testimony. 

Iiicia    \olun*»<'rs   at  traded  to   keep  He  then  acknpwledged  that  he  had 

the  inob  oft',   'llie  d- ♦r(:^s  occasion-  Ikx^u  promi.ied  the  money,   but  still 

ed  by    this  riilnniity   i;-    ind(  scrih-  .said  that  he  did  not   koow  that  the 

ab>.     Soni<=*  of  the   houses  adjoin-  prisoner  was  the   person   who  had 

ij}g  rl»c  India-house  aito  to<^)k  fii-e  hy  taken  it.     He  was  asked  where  he 

tht:  bi. riling   wood   faliipg  on   tiie  had  been  in  the  morning  ?  he  nepli* 

Tccifa,   and  thi*,  wind  bcini;  strong  at  ed,  at  a  public-house,   and  said  it 

e;«st   blew   tlie     fiames  across   the  was  theit;  that  the  promise  had  beev 

it.:   t  in  an  ohlif-uc direction.    Dur-  made.    Ihe    constable  received  9 

in-^tii.   f  i.  ,  two  Jew  ]xfy:i  were  de-  severe  reprimand  for  daring  to  take 

t^c.icd  in  r.:;^ir,ping  to   cut  the  lea-  a  prisoner   to  a   public-house,   and 

tiifru  iiz-e   bclon^nng   to   the   East  Mr.  Cox  was  adinouishcd  for  his>  in* 

India  cuinpany's  engines,  when  lliey  cautious  conduct,  in  sullering  such  a 

Avere  seciired  and  s^iu  lo  the  comp-  daring  oHender  to  e£«'apc  the  arm  of 

ter.     Same  villulns,.  nho,  during  the  justice.—  She   was  theu  conunitted, 

pro;:;r(  '■•i  of  tht*  fiames,  got  into  Mr.  as  adisordtrriy  person,  for  one  months 

"i  iiikkr's  house,  undtT  tlieprcience  to  Bridewell. 

6tii. 


^ 
^ 


CHRONICLE. 


44% 


»sia  and  PYance  for  tlie  indem- 
in  Germany,  and  iiad  actually 
some  military  movements, 
assessed  itself  of  Passr.u,  has 
way,  and  acceded  to  the  plan 
liled  in  the  declaration  of  those 


5. 


Austria,  which  had  manifested    latterthrown  into  prison,for  having  on. 
dissatisfaction  at   the  project    board  only  two  jaiiail  cases  of  earth-; 

en  ware,  which  were  designed,  not 
as  part  of  tlie  cargo,  but  as  a  present 
from  the  merchant  ^^'ho  freighted 
the  ship  to  the  shippers  of  tlie  wine 
ift  France,  The  earthen  ware  19 
<5h-tainly  a  prohibited  article  5  but 
what  occasion  there  is  for  so  much 
violence  in  conducting  the  custom- 
liouse  affairs  in  France  must  be  left 
for  M.  Talleyrand  to  explain  to  Mr. 
Merry. 

8  th.  The  Frendi  papers  mention  . 
a  most  horrible  project  wl^ich  was 
attempted    to    be   cnrried   into  ef- 
fect by  a  miscreant  at  L)'^ons.     He 
had  hired  a  sort  of  stable  having  an 
entrance  from  the  street ;  in  this  he 
had  dag  a  pit  about  six  feet  square, 
and   twenty   in   depth.     U'his   was 
covered  by  planks  mo\  ing  on  a  swi-* 
vol,  which  at  one  end  were  coniined 
only   by   a   slender  tliread.     There 
was  a  ia.tt'ral  hollow  in  one  side  of 
the  pit  nilexi  with  straw,  which  by  aa 
a  large  Cumberland  coHim*  had    appjiratus  he  conkl  set  on  fire,  for  the 
mk.     He  continued  immers-     purpose  of  smothtrii-g  his  victims^ 
e  hour   and    three   quarters,     wiih  a  sort  of  windlass  to  tlra\v  them 
which  a  i'resh  supply  of  air    up,  and  in- an  obscure  confer  a  grave 
roduccdintothebell  by  means     for  their  interment.     He  iir.^t  tried 

this  infernal  machine  on  a  coun- 
try woman  coming  to  the  market 
with  ti*uit.  She  being  called  in,  sunk 
into  the  trap,  and  he  altempted  10 
set  the  strav/  on  lire:  in  his  ha-^teh?:. 
happily  lail(-d,  and  being  atlrighl'.d 
by  her  loud  and  reiterated  crich.  Lei 


French  J)aper  estimates  the 
;r  of  English  at  Paris  at  no 
len  12,000.  Such  eagerness 
t  a  capital,  not  too  remarkable 
3  morality  and  decency  its 
3  societies  exhibit,  is  more  to 
/antage  of  our  sneering  neigh- 
then  to  our  national  character. 
The  melancholy  fate  of  the 
)Us  Mr.  Spalding  has  not,  we 
leteiTcd  otiiers  from  exploring 
esses  of  the  deep  by  means  of 
^^ing  machine  or  bell,  as  Mr. 

of  St.  James's-stiret,  Dublin, 
ded  from  a  vessel  in  tlie  bay, 

was  for  the  purpose  moored 
le  spot  where,  some  months 


eumatic  engine  ^\'orked  on  the 
'  the  vessel, and  eoiumunica  tins: 
be  3  a  method  more  cificacious 
s  hazardous  tlian  the  sinking 
casks,  as  hithtrto  practised, 
ject  was  to  ascertain  tlie  prac- 
ty  of  raising  the  sutiken  ship, 
greatest  severity  is  sliown  in 
in  all  matters  which  i^late  to 
nraercc.  The  following  cir- 
nce  became  known  tiiis 
•A  vessel  arrived  in  the  rivci- 
'harente,  tli'i  c:i[y.ain  of  which 
,  that  the  CJoor«!:c  of  London, 
arrived  at  Charcnte  la.^t  week 
wines  for  tliis  country,  the 
d  crew  sv«iv  sri/cvl,   iuid  tli<* 


took  to  lii:z:ht.  I'he  v/omaa  \\as  ex- 
trieatexl  by  tlie  neighbours  witii  bat 
little  injury.  The  villain  was  Gi-ic/>t- 
ed,  and  will  undergj  the  punibiiment 
due  to  his  .crime. 

To  the  indignation  of  all  Europe 
the  French  ha\e  marclied  an  army^ 
under  general  Ancienr.att  (who  is  io 
be    su imported    by    general    I\ey),  . 
agalji4  the  smallor  cantons  of  ^)wit- 

zerlaud^ 


44*       ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 


zerbnd,  for  the  purpo^  of  imposing 
nTy>n  tl)em  a  new  coostitutian  and 
rerr.mcnt. 

fn  th^  afternoon,  a  few  minutes 
2f^T  three  o'clock,  the  coming-mill, 
Xo.  1 ,  part  of  the  royal  gunpowder 
worki»,  situated  about  three  quartern, 
of  a  mile  norOi-west  of  the  town  of 
Faversham,  hle\^'  up  with  a  most  trc- 
znendoixs  explosion,  and  killed  six  men 
who  werear  work  therein:  ihreehorses 
Yren  destroyed.  The  fragments  ol'tbe 
toilding  were  dispersed  m  thousands 
of  pieces  over  the  adjdning  grounds, 
and  tho  massy  presses  and  mill  tim- 
bers splintered  and  displaced  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  pre'sent  a  heap  o(  niins 
impossible  to  describe;  but  owing  to 
the  chosen  situation  of  the  ccmiug- 
nun.s  and  drying-stoves,  which  were 
Temoved  from  the  town  after  tlie 
dreadful  accident  in  178>>  audtlio 
fiirtlier  judicious  prcrautions  of  de- 
taching tly^  building  fromeach  otlier, 
raising  banks  ot  earth  between 
•omc,  surnninding  others  with  strong 
hedges  and  plantations  of  wood,  tlid 
destruction  has  not  extended  beyond 
ihc  place  Avhere  it  began ,  the  win- 
dows of  a  hou^  in  Broad-street,  and 
a  tew  at  Mr.  Crow*  5,  baker,  in  West- 
street,  being  all  the  damage  sustain- 
ed in  Riversharo  :  which  is  some- 
wlwt  slu^lar,  as  a  great  miml>er 
at'  buildings  adjoining,  and  othors 
mucfi  nearer,  were  untouched. 

The  coming-mills  are  timber  build- 
ings of  an  oWloiig  quadranglar  fomi, 
somewliat  like  a  bam  covered  with 
file.4,  leaving  four  entrances,  \l\c  in* 
temal  space  divided  by  two  parti- 
tions into  tliree  compartments,  llie 
first  (XMitains  the  presses  witk  their 
Jevr)s  and  capstan  for  pressing  tlie 
powder  into  cakes,  which  cakes 
l)t»incj  coarsely  grauulatwl  arc  con- 
veyed in  sie\'es,  of  dittercnt  'legrees 
of  tiuenons,  into  ibo  sccoivd  con^part* 


ment,  containing  the  apparatus  mt 
sifting :  in  the  third  compartiueuc 
is  the  horse-wheel,  the  co^  of  wbkb 
give  motioo  to  the  whole  of  the  ma* 
chinenr. 

How  the  fiital spark wu produced, 
which  caused  tins  dcvastatico,  whe-  ' 
ther  firom  friction  or  from  anj  incau-     , 
tious  act  of  the  workmen,  as  00  fire 
is  e\'er  employed  in  this  part  of  ifat 
works,  is>  and  ei'ernrast  remain,  ian» 
known.    The  tmfortunate  suAerm 
by  tliis  calanuty  were  Jolui  HastinKS»' 
foreman,  who  has  left  a  wife}  Joha 
CoventT}',  a  wife  and  three  children  ^     . 
George  Taylor,  a  wife ;  iohnWlute«  • 
a  wiie  and  live  children ;  William 
Thurston,  a  wife  and  three  children ; 
and  William    Simmons,    anmar- 
ried  :  three  c^  the  men  were  fixind 
alive  after  the  explosion  with  every 
article  of  clothing  torn  utf,  tbeir  ho- 
dies  scorched  black  and  irdsenbl]r 
lacerated;  they  died  however  id  a  \ 
few  minutes.  T^-o  otliers  were  &« 
covci-ed  among  the  ruins  bi  a  simi* 
lar  condition,   dead :  hat  William 
Simmons,  whose  employ  was  with  ' 
tlie  mill-horses,  in  that  part  of  tbtf 
building  which  set  in  RKition  the' 
machinery  for  sifting,  liad  his  shoul*  -* 
der  and  diigh  broken,  and  a  daDgex<« 
ous  womid  upon  his  head,  by  the 
falling  of  a  piece  of  timber,  bat  was 
iK>t  burnt :  he  survi^'od  nearly  two '- 
hours,  during  whid)  he  was  perfectly 
collected,   knew  Mr     Gerard  the 
surgeon,  and  answered  several  ques- 
tions put  to  him  relati\'e  to  the  aeci- 
dent,  but  could  give  no  account  of  .r 
tlie  cause ;  he  seemed  perfectly  re-    " 
signed,  and  sensible  that  death  only  ; 
could  end  his  pn^seut  sutferings; 
John  White  had  entered  the  niiU 
only  a  few  minutes,  atnl  Mr,  Pledger, ' 
an  officer  belonging  to  th^  works, 
liad  left  it  only  ten  minutes  before 
the  explosion*    It  \k'a«  bvtrd  nijsiir 


X 


CHRONICLE.  445 

.  in  every  direction  round  tht  Memnon  die  Egyptian,  and  a  ge- 
tiy,  sending  forth  an  immenae  nuine manuscript  of  the  first  play  act*- 
of  smoke,  so  high  intotlicatmo-  ed  by  Thespis  and  his  company  m 
e^  as  to  be  seen  from  the  Dane-  a  wag^on^  For  all'  these  she  had  in 
-hill,  at  Canterbury,  where  the  her  lite-time  paSd.mast  liberally.  It 
i  resembled  that  of  a  large  piece  appeared  also  6he  bad  erected  a  mau 
rdnance.  Tlie  premises  were  sokum^  in  which  her  deceased  hu«* 
3se4  to  contain  about  ten  bar-  band  was  laid,  and  that  she  project- 
or ^t)00lb.  of  powder.  One  of  ed  tiie  depositing  her  oNvn  remains* 
tfirBe6>  otl>erwise  but  little  hurt,  when  death  should  overtake  her,  b 
I  large  splinter  driven  into  his  tlie  «ide  of  him.  The  phintiff  wm 
so  fast  tiiat  it  could  not  be  employed  in  fitting  it  up,  and  oma-- 
n  ont ;  it  was  killed  on  the  fol"  menting  it  with  a  tessalated  pave* 
ig  day.  I'he  wives  and  chil-  mcnt*  This  was  also  paid  for,  and 
of  ths  wretched  sufferers  will  be  constituted  no  {KUt  of  tlie  present  dc-  ' 
y  provided  for  by  the  propric-  uaand.    This  action  was  brought  a- 

gainst  the  defendant,  her  executor,  tm 
th.  In  the  sheriffs*  court  a  cause  recover  the  sum  of  AOi.  for  stiif5n|r 
iQvel  nature  wa/;  tried.  Hurst  t/.  and  embalming  a  bird  of  paradifce* 
^rd. — ^Tl]€  plaint  id  in  this  cause  a  fiy  bird,  an  ouiang-out:iug,  an 
of  a  profession  ttx?hnically  call-  ichneumon,  and  a  cassowary.  The 
Nicknackitoriau,  that  is,  a  deal-  defendant  did  not  deny  that  the  plain- 
all  manner  of  curiosities,  such  tiff  liad  a  cbifn  on  the  estate  of  the 
^yptiaa  mummies,  Indian  im-  deceased,  but  he  1^  let  judgment 
ents  o^  >\'ar,  arrows  dipped  in  go  by  default,  jind  attempted  merely 
x>ison  of  tlie  upas  tiee,  bows,  to  cut  down  the  amount  of  the  de- 
\ie  shields,  hehnets,  &c.  and  mand.  Tlie  plaiutifl's  foreman  or 
iescribed  ati  possessing  tlte  skin  assistant  proved  that  tlie  work  had 
e  camelcopard  exhibited  in  tlie  been  done  by  the  direction  of  Mrs. 
ao  amphitheatre,  the  head  of  AJorgan,  xmd  that  the  charge  was  ex- 
pear  used  by  king  Ardiur,  and  trcmely  reasonable.  On  the  contrary, 
ireech  of  the  tir^t  cannon  used  tlie  defendant's  solicitor  contended 
e  siege  of  Cc.4antinople,  and,  that  the  charge  was  most  cxtrav-agant. 
ort,  almost  every  rarity  tiiat  the  He  stated,  tUat  tjic  muscuHiof  tlie 
ardexit  virtuoso  would  wish  to  deceased  virtuoso  Lad  -been  sold  by 
^s.  public  auction,  and,  inclviding  the 
le  defendant  was  the  executor  of  ihodels  of  tiie  temple  of  Jerusalem 
low  Ifidy  of  the  name  of  Mor-  and  the  Alexandrian  libi:ary,  the  ah- 
whp,  in  tijeenjoymtntof  aeon-  tique  type,  Thespian  mianuscript,  . 
able  fortune,  indulged  her  fan-  spear-head,  and  every  tiling  else  she 
id  amused  hersclt  in  collecting  had  been  all  her  lifecollccting,  it  bad 
is  of  natural  and  artiJicial  curi-  not  vetted  more  tha,n  1 10/.  As  t9 
.  She  hvid  been  in  the  habit  of  the  stuffed  monkeys  and  birds,  whicb 
basing  a  \ariety  q(  rare  articles  constituted  the  foundation  of  tlic 
le  plaintiff.  She  had  h-uught  of  plain tift's  claim,  they  scarcely  de-  , 
models  of  the  tc^niplc  of  JcFUsa-  frayed  tlic  eaqpense  of  carr>'ing  them ' 
and  tlic  Alcxau^lriuU  library,  a  av/ay— tlicy  were  ab;:olute  nib- 
fweo  pf  the  lyp^  invcntcii  by  bi^.    1  he  plaiatitf^s  attorney  r^pli* 


41f)        ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1802. 

r:l,  th:!t  hi?  clii  !irsl:iboiirwas  notto  festivity  prolonged,  the  procdftiloa. 

Ii'  :ipT)r< « i;>i'(M'y  \vli:it  the  olnji'cts  each  day  varied   by  the  - ihgehiofis 

cfit  pnvl'v.'d  r.t  a rninmon  sale,  at-  devices   of  the  maDU^turers  and 

t.  i  K '<  ( 1 1  ji  rliaps  1 ) y  i/i  okcrs ,  wh o  were  corporations  ^  and  horse-races,  eock- 

«.   i''..i:i:t  as   th^  siurTj  d  animals  fio^hts,  ptiblia  dinners,  and  dancing 

iJiv'.'.in-  pu-rl-.^lirr.  ^rjth  the   addition  of  an  excellent 

'('j'l    li:^  !'  •  -h  rlirohsc  rvcd,  tliat  in  company  of  players,  kept  up,'  for  the 

17  il-    s  <  {  t  '-:    tlv  intrinsic  \aiue  of  whole  of  the  term  the  jubilee  lasted^ 

::t  .'ir.>  ic  \v:i-  r.')t  ilic  proj'.cr  modi-  a  dcLprce  of  festivity  arid  enjoyinetit- 

r-.Tf;:'i  ••{■:■<  .".'line;  >!KM'()nv,^':!-:»iion  rarely    experienced .  on •  siili  boca- 

(!■■  ■.v-!:^  !J-  virwl.'rli  proftijced  it.  sions.     The  following  short  aboGunt 

A    •.'«•'    ()   '" .  >j  I '  : :  i  l1  y   exp:*:^.ded  a  of  tlie  origin  of  this  custom  inaj  not 

I,-..-  .;.-..  V  ■'  niax'v  f*)r  what  ano-  be  unacceptable  : 
t-    I    ;,.  ;i   v.riU   k.cV    out  of  his        llie  Preston  guild  has  been  kept 

1».  ic  as  liii  ^l)cr.     If  Mrs.  Morgan,  up  every  twenty-one  years  since  tue 

w'Hi  it  wns  proved  v/asalady  of  for-  granting   of  the    charter  by    king 

l-uic,    wJMiod  to  amuse  the  gloomy  Henry  II.  duke  of  Normandy,  who 

hcrirs  oi  hi  r  w'ylowhood  l)y  stuffing  Confirmed  the  charter,  and  ordered 

apos  an.lhirls,    her  exenUor  was  at  that  a  guild  should  be   held  eveiy 

k'a>t   boniid  lo  pay  the  expense  she  twenty-one  years,  for  the  freemen  to 

bacMncnrrcd  in  iiuliilginghcr  whim-  renew  their  fireedom.     If  they  let 

^icril  iimc  y.     He  saw  no  reason  why  one    guild  pass   witliout  renewing 

a  ii'.niTle  shillir^:;  of  the  plaintilt's  de-  their  freedom,  either  by  themselvei 

\nx}r]  sliould  be  subtracted.  or  by  proxy,  they  are  for  civer  iaftor' 

T  he  jury  acc(;rclinpily  soon  after  excluded  from  all  rights  and  privi* 

f^r^vv  a  verdict   for  the  plaintiff —  leges  attached  to  the  town  of  Preston 

clam  u^os  40/.  The  first  guild  held  under  the  chai^ 

1'hc  Preston  ju!)ilce    guild   lias  ter  was  in  the  second  year  cif  thg 

bevii  -his  month  exhibited  witii  ex-  reign  of  Edward  lit.   since  whick  . 

Tr::c;:-:liiKiry  splendour  ^  it  occurs  but  time    tliis     makes    the   eighteentli 

oin:c  in  tw  (Tjiy-onc  years,  and  never  guild  which  has  been  held 


falls  to  Ivring  from  all  parts  of  the  the  reign  of  twelve  monarchs. 
kiii;;;;iorii  ci:;v.ds  of  visitors   to   so        12th.  This  e^'ening  the  following 

»i*iusu:i]  a  sjxviacle.    It  commenced  dreadful  accident  happened:— A  veiy 

0:1  t-hc  last  clay  of  Au!::just,  and  con-  genteel  dressed  man  having gotl)ehind 

tlnuvd  for  ion  cla}s.   T'he  scene  each  one  of  the  Stratford  stages,  he  unfbr- 

dry  coiiimenccd'  with  a  grand  j^ro-  tu:-!ately  got  entangled  in  the  wheel, 

«cs.i>TU)ttiitMr.a^'or  and  corporation,  which  at  lenjjth  drew  him'alaiost 

Ihe^'.illcrenLCc.inpanic.j,  miiiiufactu-  double  between    the    spokes,    aq4 

rrrs,   i^c.   with  their  several   fl^.g-s  impeded  the  progress  of  the  carriage. 

:'iKlh,i:id.iofiii'iMC.  The  v/liole  llKu  lo  extricate   the  uriliappy  man  it 

pr'v;c''C'-!--.vl  to  tliL-parisii  cluiroli,  after  wasfov.nd  necesj-ar)''  to  tiike  off  the 

wliich    ihi'y    pL-ramiHi'iated   ail  tlie  whcl,     \sl)en    his   head  appeared, 

strectf,  of  the  tov.'ii,  amidst  the  plan-  nt';:i-ly  :cv.'rc*d  frf;ni   his  body,  and 

dir.s  of  an  immense  or  )r.courre  of  spec  -  oth*.  rwse  shockiu'rly  man«.ded.    He 

t;itor>.    In  Uie  evening  there  was    a  was  taken  to  the  Plough,  at  Mik* 

brilliaiit  assembly  at  the  guiliiijali,  and  fMiJ,  for  the  inspection  of  llje.  COTO- 

n  supnirr .  And  ih  ui  for  ion  day*  v/ui  tiiis  ncr*»  inqucit.  :, 

2 


CHRONICLE. 


•447 


Acconilts  from  all  parts  of  the 
united  kingdom  agiee,  that  there 
iie\'er  has  been  seen  a  Imrvest  more 
abfindant^  nor  grain  more  fiowcry, 
nor  does  tlierc  appear  to  have  ten 
the  slightest  failure  of -crops  in  any 
district  or  even  parish.  Ihus  Jus 
Providence,  "by  tvv'o  years  g;..^.:iial 
-bounty,  delivered  us  from  the  v/orst 
ofeviliJ,  scarcity  of  food  fprniai).  . 

14tli.  1  he  attention  ol'lhc  pai-:.  en- 
gers  in  the  Strand  vras  attracK^d  by 
live  hackney  coaches  stationed  op- 
posite Buckingham-street,  recoiviug 
invalids  from  New  Round-court,  in 
the  Strand,  wiicre  thev  had  been  re- 
ceiving  certificates  and  directions  to 
be  conveyed  to  tlicir  places  of  na- 
tivity. These  invalids  consisted 
wholly  of  soldiers  and  sailors  \\'Jio 
had  lost  their  sight  in  Egypt.  They 
were  thirty  in  ri umber,  six  in  each 
.coach,  and  were  mostly  soldicj-s, 
well  clad,  wearing  green  shades 
over  their  eyes,  llicy  \\'ere  ail  in 
high  spifits,  and  seemed  to  enjoy 
good  liealtli.  They  were  going  to 
the  diti'crent  stiges,  &:c.  by  which 
tliey  wcne  to  be  conveyed  home. 
The  populace  synipatliiscd  much 
with  them. 

X5th.  At  the  Middlesex  sessions, 
Elizabeth  Salmon  vws  indicted  lor 
feloniously  receiving,  knowing  them 
to  hnve  been  stolen,  a  child  s  cap, 
gown,  and  other  articles  of  wearing 
apparel,  the  property  of  Ellizabetii 
Impey,  the  wife  of  Jchn  Impcy. 
This  case  excited  a  considerable 
idfgree  of  interest.  The  motlicr  of 
the  child,  Elizabeth  Impey,  srated, 
.  that  she  resided  on  the  22d  of  June 
in  Ked-lion-fttarket,  Whitcooss- 
strcet.  On  that  day  a  man,  w^iom 
ihe  did  not  know,  came  10  her,  and 
said  that  he.  v/a.^  .-ent  bvMr^.  Ja!i>e-^, 
of  Fir^sbury-placi',  lo  inquire  after 
■  her  child,  and  rtUcve  her.     Mrs. 


James  lia J '  frequently^  relieved  her 
when  in  distressed  circumstances. 
The  man  asked  her  if  she  had  any 
coals  or  bread  ?  to  which  she  replied 
in  tlie  negative.  P^e  tjicn  requested 
her  to  go  with  him  to  a  gublic-house 
in  order  to  get  sometliing  to  drmk. 
He  then  gave  her  eighteen  pence^ 
and  told  her  to  go  and  buy  some 
corals  arid  bread,  and  said  he  would 
takf/  c;u'e  of  tlie  child.  Not  having 
the  least  suspicion,  she-  entrusted 
him  with  tiie  child.  On  her  return, 
siie  was  alarmed  at  finding  tliat  tlic 
man  iiad  decamped  with  the  child. 
She  imjuediately  went  to  Mrs. 
James's,  but  could  not  learn  any 
tidings  of  it,  as  Mrs.  James  denied 
having  sent  any  person  to  her.  She 
made  search  ail  that  night  and  the 
next  day  without  any  success,  and 
at  lengtli  %vas  persuaded  by  a  ^Irs. 
Dixon  to  go  to  thc^  j)r!sonefs  house: 
she  took  tlie  advice,  and  went  with 
Mrs.  Dixon,  and  foiind  Mrs.  Sal-" 
nion  in  Ix^d,  as  thoi-<jh  yhe  had  lain 
in.  From  i-ome  intbrmation  she  re- 
ceived, she  was  afterwards  induced 
to  go  to  tlie  public  ofhce  in  Wor- 
ship-street, and  she  there  procm-ed 
an  oiHccr  to  e'o  to  Mrs.  Salmon's 
with  her,  m  order  to  see  whether 
tlie  child  was  not  hers.  Mr.  Hay 
accordingly  accompanied  her  tQ  the 
house  of  Jvlrs.  Salmon,  and  she 
there  found  hqr  child  in  bed  wiik 
Mrs.  Salmon  :  the  recognized  it  b/ 
several  red  mafks  over  tlie  eyes. 

Sarah  Atterbur)'  was  then  called, 
and  couiirmed  tlie  preceding  tcsti- 
mc'iy. 

liay,  the  officer,  stated,  tliat  he 
was  directed  to  jijo  lo  the  house  -cf 
Mrs.  Salmon  by  ?Jr.  Moser,  the 
mai^istrate.  Ke  asked  to  have 'a 
siglu  of  tlie  child,  which  shobrefnsed. 
He  tlien  asked  who  was  tlie  mid- 
wife or  doctor  ?  li^hd  said  bhe  wn^ 

taken  • 


448       ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802. 


taken  ill  Rng^fdir,  and  sent  home 
in  a  coach  but  did  not  know  tJie 
doctor,  and  that  slie  had  been  deli- 
vered about  three  day:?.  The  wit- 
ness said,  that,  after  a  long  search, 
]tic  found  the  things  (which  he  pro- 
duced) ct)nrealed  about  the  bed. 

Mr.  Weston,  the  surgeon,  wlio 
was  calletl  in  by  Mrs.  Atterbufy, 
stated,  tliatwhen  he  came  to  tlie 
room  of  Mrs.  Salmon,  he  found  all 
tbe  external  appearance  of  a  lying-in 
room  :  when  he  came  in,  Mrs.  Sal- 
mon screamed  in  the  most  violent 
manner,  and  said  he  was  come  with 
the  rest  to  take  her  child  awav.  He 
desired  iicr  to  be  pacilied,  and  told 
her  that  he  was  a  mediciil  man, 
which  she  well  knew.  He  tlien 
seated  himself  at  the  side  of  the  bed, 
and  jaakeil  her  the  necessary  qucs- 
tion.i.  He  then  stated  his  opinion, 
th:it  she  had  never  l)oen  dc'livered  of 
tt  ciiihl :  in  conse(|uence  of  this  opi- 
nion ne  ordr-reil  tli'e  (4*ild  to  be  de- 
livered up. — 'i'liis  was  tlie  evidence 
for  the  pro^'cuiion. 

11  »e  eouri»r-l  for  the  defendant 
mibrnitU-'d  to  i!ie  court,  that  the 
pn*sent  indjctiDent  could  not  bc'sus- 
t-iiiied,  as  there  had  not  >x?cn  proved 
any  inteaiion  of  bteiiiinj^  the  clothes, 
though,  undoubtedly,  the  child  had 
l»eea  laLen  away  in  an'  unlawful 
ni'nne»,  .  . 

Tlic  chairman  obser\Td,  tliat 
thcrt-  v\  as  nothing  more  painful  to 
the  K  clings  of  any  one  than  that  an 
ii;j:'H\*nt  person  should  be  fotmd 
g  lijty  ;  ni:xt  to  tl)at  was,  that  a 
g  liky  person  should  escape  the  arm 
vl  justicii.  This  case,  he  was  sorry 
to  sav,  exhibited  a  most  shockinor 
and  inhuman  scene  of  villanv,  and 
ti'  w as  ex.tr;mcly  concerned  that  he 
vas  bound  to  inform  tl\e  jury  that 
the  liw  J'd  not  take  co^izanre  of 
it.     fn  this  case  the  intention  of  tlie 


prisoner  was  to  get  the. child,  smi 
not  to  steal  the  clothes  ;  tfaie  yairf 
therefore  mast  acquit  her  on  thii 
indictment. — llie  jury  Aftre  /of 
necessity'  obliged,  to  find    her  hot 

guilty. 

The  chairmafl  obscfi-ed  .to  the 
jury,  after  they  had  returned  thefr 
verdict,  that  he  understood,  npop 
conversing  with  some  of  thie  magis* 
trates,  that  she  might  b^  still  made 
amciwble  to  tlie  laws.  She  was 
then  ordered  to  be  detained. —  SIfe 
is  a  robust  looking  woman,  arid 
seemed  to  be  quite  callous  dvirifq^ 
the  trial. 

The  14th,at  night,  a  tticmendoas  £tei 
broke  out  at  Liverpool,  which  con- 
sumed tlie  whole  of  the  beautiful  and 
extensive  warchouses  fronting  St* 
Creorge's  dock,  justly  the  pnde  of 
Lherj>oors  enterprising  inhabitants^ 
and  the  admiration  of  all  strangeiii. 
It  is  not  known  how  tliis  dreadfbl. 
calamity  originated;  but  about  ten 
o'clock-  smoke  was  obBer\'ed  to  is9d# 
from  tlie  centre  of  France*s  build- 
ings ;  the  fire-beii  was  instantly  mng^ 
the  drums  be;^tto  arms,  the  whole  of 
the  military  turned  out,  and  every  ex- 
ertion that  active  attention  could  fSr- 
nish  was  rendered.  The  lemruns  of 
the  Nortliumberland  fencibles  wera 
jmrticulariy  ac*tive,  commanded  bf 
their  adjutant.  About  one  the  flafnifea 
burst  forth  with  tremendpu»  i^tj, 
and  continued  raging  and  thteatemng 
destruction  to  all  around  till  nx 
o'clock  in  tlie  morning,  when  tbey 
were  got  somewhat  under.  Tlie  fniy 
with  which  the  conflagration  raged 
its  eflects  will  best  demonstrate,  for 
all  those  beautiful  and  extensive  build- 
ings reaching  from  Water-lane^ 
Brunswick-street,  with  the  cono- 
sponding  storehouses,called  Fiancees, 
were,  at  six  o*clock  in  the  mom* 
iog,  one  prodigious  heap  of  juins ! 

The 


CHRONICLE. 


449 


The  damage  cannot  be  estimated 
at  less  than  one  million  of  money  ! 
The  shipping,  for  the  dock  was  fall 
dose  to  the  spot,  were,  from  its  for- 
tunately being  flood- tide,  removed 
and  preserved,  but  every  attention 
was  necessary,  such  '  as  wet  sails 
placed  before  the  rigging,  &c.  It  may 
be  considered  a  fortunate  circum- 
stance that  tlie  streets  of  this  popu- 
lous town  were  laid  with  water- 
pipes,  and  the  attention  paid  by  the 
proprietors  of  the  Boode  Springs, 
towards  furnishing  a  sufficient  quan- 
tity of  water,  in  a  great  measure 
checked  the  progress  of  the  flames. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  the  immense 
reservoir  completing  by  tliis  compa- 
ny was  not  finished,  as  it  is  calcu- 
lated to  contain  near  4000  tuns  of 
water^  at  an  height  commanding  the 
utmost  acclivities  and  buildings  of 
the  town.  The  accident  was  occa- 
sioned by  tlie  falling  of  a  snufF  of 
candle  among  shavings  in  a  porter 
vault.  About  two-thirds  of  tiie 
loss  are  insured.** 

■  Apprehensions  have  long  been  en- 
tertained that  it  was  intended  by  the 
French  government  to  incorporate 
Piedmont  as  an  integral  part  of  the 
republic.  That  which  has  been  for 
some  time  done  in  fact,  is  now  done 
in  form.  By  a  senatus  consulium  of 
the  14th  last.  Piedmont  is  divided  in- 
to six  departments,  which  are  to  send 
seventeen  deputies  to  the  legislative 
body.  The  city  of  Turin  is  consti- 
tuted one  of  the  provincial  cities  of 
the  French  republic,  and  as  such  its 
ma}'T>r  is  to  be  present  when  the 
oath  is  administered  to  the  appoint- 
ed successor  to  tlxe  first  consul. 
Thus  has  the  ancient  territory  of  the 
king  of  Sardinia  been  given  away 
widiout  his  name  being  so  much  as 
once  mentioned  in  the  proj^t  of. 
■ipdemnities  by  any  one  of  the  con-» 
Vol.  XLIV. 


b:acting  parties,  and  thus  has  France 
acquired  a  territory>  which  gives  her^ 
tlie  total  commaixd  of  Italy,  an4  thiK 
possession  of  a "  country  nearly  as 
large  as  Scotland,  but  incomparably- 
more  fertile  and  populous ! 

21st.  The  extraordinary  display  of. 
aeronautical  dexterity,    which  had 
been  for  some  tivne  anxiously  expect* 
ed  by  tlie  public,  .^^s  this  day  pre-. 
pared  with  consummate  skill,  and 
executed  with  an  admirable  iutre- 
pidity.    TThe  ejtperiment  also  being 
wholly  Dovd  id  this  country,  we  are ' 
induced  to  rhention  theprcparadpn 
and  arrangements  with  more  than 
usual     detail.      On    entering  the. 
ground    (the    parade    of  the    St. 
Greorge's  volunteers,  near  Gros^^enor- 
square),  at  four  o'clock,,  the  great 
balloon,  the. same  which  ascended 
from  Vauxhall,  was'  found    suifi- 
ciendy  inflated.    The  apparatus  for. 
the  collection  and  conve)rance  of  the 
gas  into  the  balloon  was  well  con- 
structed. '  It'  consisted    of    three 
groupes  of  hogsheads,  eight  in  each/ 
which  imparted  the  inflammable  a*u* 
through  tin  tubes  to  three  centra]^ 
casks.  Three  larger  tubes  of  tiri.con-. 
veyed  the  ah*  thus  collected  in  a  hose- 
of  vahiished  silk,  by  which  it  was 
conveyed   into  the  balloon.     This 
hose  ten  minutes  before  fi ve.o'clock 
was  adjusted  to  a  small  balloon  of 
about  ten  feet  by  six,  which,  in  less.' 
than  half  an  hour,  was  sutfi ciendy 
inflated.    The  cord  \Vhich  cpnflned- 
diis  pilot  balloon,  as  it  was  terriied, 
was  placed  in  tiie  hands  of  Mrs .  H.  iJ  .* 
Sheridan,  aisd  it  was  by  her  launch- 
ed into  the  atinospbacei  ^tanceuded 
rapidly  inalNi.E.difottSwn,  and  in 
Setsen  miodBes-  was  cx^ilpietely  out 
oil :  sight.     The .  prcpaiacions    then 
commenccdfor  launching  the  larger 
balio(m  5  tha  cords  were  cut  which' 
held  it  floating.in  theair>  and  it  wa^ 
G  g  held 


450         ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 


held  down  by  the  united  strength  of 
se^Tral  persons  during  the  subse- 
^ent  preparation.  The  different 
cords  of  the  netting,  &c.  were 
then  all  brought  within  a  hoop  of 
about  four  feet  diameter,  and  thst- 
ened  to  a  rope  which  passed  through 
a  tin  tube  of  about  twenty  feet  in 
length.  This  tube  was  to  the  para- 
chute precisely  what  the  stick  handle 
is  to  a  common  umbrella,  and  its  use 
Mras  to  suffer  the  rope,  when  cut  at 
tiie  bottom,  to  pa.ss  througK  without 
injury  to  the  slender  cordage  of  the 
parachute.  The  top  of  the  parachute 
was  formedof  a  large  flexible  hoop, 
about  eightf  feet  in  diameter,  tlie 
inner  space  being  of  canvass,  firmly 
Iflshed  and  strained.  The  balloo^i 
was  tlien  permitted  to  ascend  about 
thirty-six  feet,  being  still  confined 
by  cords,  and  then  the  parachute  ap- 
peared' in  tlie  shape  of  a  large  petti- 
coat of  white  canvass,  depending  from 
the  lower  hoop.  Beneath  tliiswasa 
basket,  or  rather  a  tube  of  wicker 
work,  covered  witli  red  canvass,  in 
which  tlie  diiring  adventurer  was  to 
take  his  place.  The  lower  extremi- 
ties of  the  parachute  were  attached  by 
cordage  to  tlie  central  tube,  about 
four  feet  above  the  basket.  Thus 
the  only  connection  between  the 
balloon  and  parachute  was  foniied  by 
the  rope  passing  Uirough  the  ct  iitrd 
tube,  which  being  cut  from  bc:l(;w, 
the  latter  v  as  left  t©  its  proper  ac" 
tion. 

I'hcse  arrangements,  in  which 
Garncrin  himself  took  the  most  active 
part,  and  in  which  he  was  greatly  em- 
barrassed by  officious  assistance,  hav- 
ing been  nitde,  the  circle  was  clear- 
ed in  some  degree,  and  the  aeronaiU 
gave  tlie  signal  of  departure.  I'he 
balloon  was  drawn  to  the"  sou t)i- west 
quarter  of  the  area,  in  order  to  give 
hima]}  po*>sibkadvazitsigeof  the  wind 


in  clearing  the  houses  adjoining. 
This  precaution  proved  to  be  unne- 
cessary. I'he  last  cord  being  loosed, 
tlie  balloon  ascended  majestically  in  a 
perpendicular  direction  5  but  when 
acted  upon  ijy  a  breeze,  scarcely  per- 
ceptible bclo^\-,  it  followed  the  north- 
east direction  of  its  little  pilot.  Grar* 
nerin  waved  liis  fiag  immediately  cm 
ascending,  and  was  followed  by  loud 
outcries  of  admiration  and  good 
wishes.  From  the  course  which  he 
took,  and  the  height  to  which  he  as- 
cended, he  must  have  been  visible 
from  every  house  in  the  metropolii 
which  liad  a  northern  aspect.  He 
evidently  wished  to  prolong  his  stay 
for  the  gratification  of  the  people^  l^ 
opening  tlie  valve  of  the  balloon,  and 
on  each  discharge  of  the  intiammable 
air,  the  balloon,  illumined  by  the 
setting  sun,  appeared  to  be  surround* 
ed  by  a  nimbus,  or  glory,  such  as  is 
seen  to  surround  the  heads  of  saints, 
&c.  in  paintings  of  scriptural  subjects. 
Thus  far  description  has  been  plea* 
surable,  as  having  only  to  divell  on  a 
subject  ^vhich  was  at  once  magnifi- 
cent and  \ve]l  conducted.  What  fol- 
lowed was,  at  the  instant,  marked  by 
die  different  sensations  of  dread  and 
anxiety.  Gameriu  ascended  at  ten 
minutes  before  six  o'clock;  in  those 
ten  minutes  he  had  arisen  to  an  height 
of  more  tlien  40Q0feet;  at  six  pie* 
cisely  hecuttherope,  and  the  para* 
chute  was  seen  to  separate  from  the 
balloon,  and  to  descend  with  thfc 
utmost  velcx:ity .  A  screa m  of  terror 
was  at  tlie  moment  heard  from  eveiy 
part .  During  some  seconds,  nothix^ 
but  a  falling  object  could  be  perceive^ 
and  that  but  indistinctly^  The  para- 
chute was  tlien  seen  to  expand,  bat 
its  vacillations,  or  swinging fi:omtfaa 
one  side  to  the  other,  were  so  great 
that  tlic  basket  appeared  veiy  fie- 
(juently  to  be  m  an  horizontal  post^qa 

with 


CHRONICLE. 


4^1 


'  •  •  \ 

With  the  pArachiite.  As  the  Ine- 
dium  tlirouofh  which  he  was  fallhio; 
became  more  dense,  its  resistance 
increased  in  proportion,  and  the  os- 
cillations were  rendered  less  danger- 
pus  ;  but  they  were  at  no  time  so  far 
diminished  as  wholly  to  exclude 
the  idea  of  extreme  hazard.  The 
generous  teelings  of  English  men 
and  wonien  were  all  called  forth  in 
favour  of  the  adventurous  stranger, 
and  many  lamentations  were  heard 
on  the  part  of  those  who  by  paying 
for  the  sight  had  contributed  to  so 
Imminent  a  danger.  An  immense 
crowd  rushed  from  the  parade  towards 
the  Pantheon,  to  inquii^  after  his 
safety.  They  had  there,  in  a  very 
short  time,  the  satisfaction  to  be  told 
that  he  had  descended  in  safety  in  a 
field  near  St.  Pancras  church,  the 
property  ot  Mr.  Harrison,  a  cow- 
keeper.  He  received  only  a  slight 
hurt  on  one  side  of  his  face, 
from  being  thrown  out  of  the  basket  3 
for  though  til  is  had  a  false  bottom, 
so  constructed  as  to  break  the  fall,  it 
had  little  eftect  on  the  velocity  of  his 
lateral  descent. 

23d.  A  bunch  of  grapes  was  lately 
cut  by  Mr.  Parke,  of  Highfield- 
house,  near  Liverpool,  which  weigh- 
ed ten  pounds  two  ounces.  Its 
greatest  breadth,  across  the  should- 
ers, when  hanging  in  its  natural  po- 
sition, was  one  foot  eight  inches  and 
three  quarters ;  circumierence,  three 
feet  eleven  inches.  The  vine  is  only 
four  years  old,  and  had  six  more 
bunches  upon  it  of  larger  dimensions. 

25  th.  At  Harrowgate  a  servant  had 
been  riding  a  small  stallion  poney, 
the  property  of  a  physician  !at  Man- 
chester, and  on  alighting,  slackly 
retained  the  rein  whilst  he  stood 
^^^ith  his  back  towards  him.  The 
poney  directly  seized  the  man, 
threw  him  on  the  ground^,  knelt  on 


him,  and  in  tlie  most  vengeful  man- 
ner worried  him  to  death,  llie 
mangled  corse  was  rescued  willi  dif- 
ficulty from  the  devouring  bci^st. 

27th.  Between  four  and  live  o'clock 
this  morning  "the  inhabitants  of  Mort- 
lake  discovered  that  the  landlord  of  a 
public-house  had  murdered  his  wife. 
She  was  a  handsome-looking  woman^ 
and  her  husband  is  supposed  to  have 
been  impelled  by  excessive  jealousy. 
He  beat  out  her  brains  witli  a  pistol  j 
in  doing  which  the  pistol  was  broken 
to  pieces.  Mr.  Davis,  the  surgeon, 
has  the  remains  of  the  pistol  in  his 
possession .  The  murderopr  is  in  custo- 
dy, and  raves  as  if  he  weye*mad.  What 
is  singular,  the  person  who  kept  the 
public-house  before,  a  black,  also 
murdered  his  wife  in  it  3  in  conse- 
quence of  which  tlie  house  was  a 
long  time  empty,  no  one  liking  to 
take  it. 

28th.  At  Sturbitch  fair  near  Cam- 
bridge, a  full  audience  was  collected 
to  witness  the  representation  of 
A  Bold  Stroke  for  a  Wife,  by  an 
itinerant  comp'^tty.  At  eight  o'clock 
an  alarm  of  "  fire  !*'  was  given  by 
some  ill-designing  person  in  the  gal- 
lery. .  llie  play  was  stopped,  and  a 
pause  of  consternation  ensued.  At  this 
moment  a  woman,  aflrighted  beyond 
measure,  threw  herself  from  the  gal- 
lery into  thepit;  a  circumstance  which 
seemed  to  realize  the  most  dreadful 
apprehensions.  Every  person  rushed 
instantly  towards  the  door;  some 
were  crushed  to  death  by  the  pressure, 
and  more  were  either  killed  or  woun- 
ded severely  by  being  trampled  upon 
when  fallen.  The  accounts  re- 
ceived stated  the  deaths  to  be  six 
or  seven,  and  tlie  number  of  tha 
bruised  and  wounded  to  exceed 
tliirty!  The  ruffian  author  6f  thia 
alarm,  for  which  there  was  not  the 
smallest  foundation^  Is  yet  undisco- 
Gg2  vered. 


45  i. 


r.  ::  N  '/  A  L    R  L  G 1  S TXPv,    ISOS. 


r 


ViJ'ijr.    »i:c:'.  Uj*.  trti'.'r:-  '."*:  tlir  JliJ'ji-- 

*  •  rt  ic  >■■..'  > ..! '  cctt:.  '^  1  »r:r '  ij  a  v  • 
olj'.-iv-  ^''■.  sun.  c:   JOO..   ij:  :.:.  ai'- 

plfclirU:.:-.': 

'!>■!    T:-."!rii:i9.  r*  fur  L»' .liv.   o*::-   v: 

Ur"  due*  r  UaC.  inr:-  ;.»?'r\\C-.  'IlK 
fiiillpr-  V.  crieii!>'   IK-' v.'.*!\  •--:.:  l«    J-f'r'llC. 

f*  jii   'uia.iiar'.  o:  l.>'-  l-  .".:'iti;'-  T«*.-2rfp: 

:..i-:''  Cjt^  •'.il'I:'-  '"Jfi  ]\>rt 't»:  lilt 
.»'.•■  '.  i^i.'.  j:i.":i\!:""  •r!«:?r:'-ilr.»j'  ii::\'.". 
\\\\\\.  Uj-.  aww  .Ji  ■.•:  iiJ'T'r: ■::::»*•; .  ^.  L;ci.. 

« vn'R  j">r'.;iji?'.--  i*. '■  v.  :U: :  i»ii'f:U'jii'n- 

■  ...-si.     ;i!'. on  ■:•:.■    '.    ii-  j:-).   Uj-   >lut 

^  .liii--.    iiv:-'»j:c.       A:    iiJi>    nKHuen* 

;.-■  ■.■:'''ji'  .11  avi'.u  .i::ri  Mii>i:iijt 
.'  ■■■  I :  'i.  'J  h*-  liiimc-i»v.  sicie  ^iV 
.:    ".!.*:.  I  :.t-'io'  o*  tilt  biiijciu;,.  viiici: 

"•    .      *..i:,:\\n*:     ».f»     1      kll;*'    2U'Jv'     liU^N- 

■. •.-./...  *)'  pori*.- .  I, •.•:/.  btL-ciint-  liit* 
^i»j'i.:»  >^  tii«  tijiiH--.  aii(;  i::ivii?«'  la- 
'."T   ill.  .■.■  ti".    iij»i«»*- iw'. .  1  Mrciiiar 

•  ..:  i.  «-!■  •..-.?..  V  i;-';i  Durii:  riipiiliv 
:.;'  v."'. t'l...  iui-t.  itii.i    i*   K-a'-ij'.-t;  lue 

■  -r  t • ' .    u»    V'  iiicL  1  ■   V  .  -  0 :•. •  1 1 1 i:ii JS I JL-t. . 
v'  vi.'i'  ;  •;i-j«:k   tin   tx '.mj'.-.  iijic.   si    ii 

••'.  -tr  iii'rasurt  huum'Jv'..  ai  if...r  >■.' 
'.;•■  iww  fi'-  furJitrck-XcisiLiiiiHi  v::."  i.. 
^•^  c;icuu«. :  aiic^  viit  rL'iiiaiiKifr  of 
•.:n:  Ciii\  wab  Spent  ii-  pre  V  on  til  I  jt:  the 

■  /  is>"!  o :  J I  i  \'  ui  tilt  em Ue Kt  r '/i:  i  1 1 d  ■  ii  ic. 

i :  j  1  'jr  ■  c;0  1 '-  ■'i-'j^O'X*.'.  vi  1  i'jii  n  i uat 
cj^ii'iaiyiv  fa^i  uiij:i  'iie  iir»-: -offices. 
>;  V.  t  i.ii'-ierh'av.c  rlic  ^'•■L--;ii»es  were 
■li-v'.-r'jc!  ii.  ditiereij-  f.tri.'.es  f.  Uie  a- 
.-*■.»  . .' .  ■  i^i  <yj/'yjo!.  J ^i'. ' V  e  '.1  ".iti 1 1 1? liei: 
•1   \  *:l'..:-.'<;ie  st'jfes  Uax  e  uee:j  bavtd  j 


,«l»ll*t«tlf|l«>   )T 


nn...  amnnn'othprthiincR, 

p^'  i.>  nn:i  Lanial'.  theiu3f)sinra£ 

o:iHfr.   uv-  aestruction.  ujmuwA 

JLH.H    br::.-  vere  seen  inliinriD 

iiie— luew.-.  Gower-stiee; ,   aid 

a\  enues  aciioinmi. .  which  micii 

t  uii  ertrc.    cod sldcrable    detni 

2i r. .  r" Ii .1  r*. .    D t: t  trr  the  a crhin- 

sc:  ua  a  re:  i  r '"  i  ord  C  athcsri"  s  " 

xviiifi :  i:  cpt  the  inuitiiuce  frcar 

inr  io(-  i2sarthe  T«remisei. 

tijieve-r-c^ir.  cracusinr:  iheiri 

ivPHSL  cepredantJD.- .  A  cansi 

O'w-!  c:  niiiii: hni.hnfwever, 

s^.i!i?eL.  sncl  the  destrccaion  of  ifi* 

z!r::ci*v  t\'c<u:i1  havt.-  beeri  srreaser, 

f."  :.  n:o?:  excellent  precamian, 

(;:   !■  topping  n]'  ^- 

V  iii-  Ui^   r'.>oiii>  ;idioxnu]g 

f:rt.  v.jiic!.  T\-a-  eiripcffiri  tn*  bnft- 

j.i;  '.rb.  Tsiti.  brick  and  mortar,  in-'de 

II JUS!  e2i>eri  way  :  i:  :2i}icrdedBsiiigih*' 

i:;:  bi-.:h:  if=  sei  tiiese  mcr  emj^qfaE 

buijd;::rv.i  t.-uH:- amidst  the  innning 

eml^ers .  -w  hli.=i  the  nremen  Jtqit  19 a 

co::su:ir  sh-toit  of  v.-acer  zrcmnH  te' 

:i\euue?  tiiei  wereensraffed  mbtadH 

\\\^  up.  aiic  £Tr:itiy  added  to-tfae^ia* 

ces.-  01  tiie  uiidermkiiu:.    The  stD»-' 

ruL^m.  conininin^  the  beer,  in  idiisck 

w«e  He\€rj  iarsre  vats,  is  entio^  4e- 

sintyec:,  vau>  and  all.:    and  cmt  if 

vhicL  0.»e  eni;ines.  drreciedios' 

U'juiar  pan  mi  totr.  building, 

u!ie  iim^-  obli^red  to  be    Bnpplie&- 

1  lit  ^iccasiuu  of  this  misfonmiey  M 

ii    all  similar  case*;,  cannot  he  9D' 

Ljuutec".  forviih  any  degree  of  sccs- 

111 '.7-.     VariuiL^  are  the  csqscb  'a- 

signed ;  among  the  most  probaldeii 

tiiat  iif  the  iron  funnel  of  a  coner 

l^e'.jiTiiiig  heated,    and  setting  He 

i^  ftunie  }.'leces  of  timber  in  the  doB-* 

iicy,   'Jit   biiiluiagF  being  veiy  tMt' 

vi'  vA  ty.iromunicated  to  the regtrf<ie' 

:>rc:r/isf:5.  "j  iiis  copper ,  the  an]^cnB* 

"li  ti*e  ]ircmi-es,  was  ujied  for  tiie^. 

]-u-ufi.t  r.=!"  b-jlljig  liquor  to  MHOS'. 

Ob 


CHRONICLE. 


4S3 


sks  against  the  workmen  came 
5  morning:  to  fill  their  butts 
:he  reservoirs  alluded  to,  conse- 
\y  the  fire  was  always  g<^i"g  ^t 

and  was  attended  by  a  watch- 
who  had  been  in  the  senice  for 
years,  and  on  whose  care  and 
ion  not  the  smallest  degree  of 
ion  attaches.  Mr.  alderman 
e  was  extremely  active  in  his 
70UYS  to  save  all  the  property  ho 

and  was  instrumental  in  urg- 
hers  to  do  the  same  by  his  ex- 
.  The  brewcrv,  of  which  tlie 
premises  are  the  storehouses,  is 
reet  at  the  back  of  Loucr-acre. 
KDpulace  guzzled  so  much  of 
er,  which  they  took  away  in 
ts,  that  they  lay  in  numbers  in 
jacent  ground  and  streets,  like 
ly  drunken  sv/ine,  incapable 
ig,  and  consequently  unable  to 
it  phmder,  or  to  alibrd  the 
ssistance. 

JD. — Gth.  In  his  73d  year, 
house  in  great  Queen-street, 
ji's-inn-tields,  Mr.  James  Ba- 
ingiavcr  for  above  sixty  years, 
nguishcd  iibcral-minded  artist. 

OCTOBEU.' 

Switzerland   has    taken  up 
Q  oppose  the  new  constitution 

France  is  preparing  to  impose 
her,  by  marching  into  that 
py  country  a  force  strong 
h  to  bear  down  all  opposition  : 

there  now  left  a  hope,  tliat 
resent  disorders  can  subside 
[t  ill-fated  country  submits  to 
dreadful  quiet  (>t  dcL-potism." 
tlie  justice  r  M'i^i,  Giiildhajl, 
very  youn,-^  P,'^^'^'"'^  app:.rciKly 
ore  than  -.ixleen  vears  nt  ao^c 
;veTe  chai  gcd  by  a  man,  named 
f  who  described  himself  as  a 


taylop,  residing  in  Surrey-road,  near 
Blackfiiars,  widi  having  robbed  him 
of  a  variety  of  articles  of  wearing 
apparel.    This  man  stated  that  the 
girls  came  to  his  house  about  six 
weeks  since,  and  two  of  them  en- 
gaged  to  lodge  and  board  with  him  j 
they  stopped  with  him,  as  he-  said, 
about  a  formight,  when  they  took  an 
opportimity,  while  himself  and  h\9 
wife  were  absent,  to  decamp,  taking 
with  them  tlie  articles  which  life  h'ad 
emuraerated.  *    At  this   time    they 
owed    him   above    seven    pounds. 
When  the  business  camtf  to  be  in- 
vestigated, it  appeared  that  this  man 
kept  what  arc  called  dress  lodgers, 
and  that  he  had  procured  these  poor 
girls   to  officiate  in  that  capacity; 
I  hey  were  in  the  nightly  habit  of 
earning  money  by  prostitution,  and 
the  whole  of  wiiat  they  got  they 
were  obliged  to  give  him.     They 
said  that  sometimes  they  gave  him 
three  or  four  guineas  of  a    night. 
One  of  them  stated  that  she  had 
been  advised  to  follow  this  unfoitu- 
nate  way  of  life  through  the  per-" 
suasioi  of  his  wife.    The  magis- 
trate  asked  him    what  had   been 
found   in  die  possession  of   tliese 
girls  when  tliey  were  apprehended. 
He    then  produced  an  old  velvet 
bonnet,  which,  he   said,  he  could 
swear  to  5    this,  however,  the  girl 
said,  had  been  given  her  by  his  wire, 
and  which  he  well    knew.      The 
man  could  not  deny  it.     "1  he  magisv 
trate  said  his  conduct  was  infamous 
in  tlie  highest  degree  3  he  lamented 
tliat  he  did  not  live  witliin  the  juris- 
diction of  the  city,  as  in  that  case  he 
would  most  certainly  have  committed, 
him.    He  than  gave  some  excellent 
advice  to  the  poor  girls  as  to  their 
future  mode  of  life,  and  said  he 
hoped  that  they  would  pursue  th6 
G  g  3  iiK^fxSK 


4.54         ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1802. 


ir.f^m^  nf  ob^a'Pi'Ti?  an  honest  liveli- 
lv>irl;  as  t:y;  clwif^c  had  not  been 
j^ul)-i(anti:itt*(l  he  would  disrharge 
tl^.m.     Thcv  were  tlirn  dismissed. 

r;d.  An  uiifurtunaie  occurrence 
iook  place  at  Lymingtou.  At  night, 
th?»  Triton,  bound  lo  Liverpool,  ladf  n 
uith  brandy,  left  ihls  jv^rt  j  but  slie 
hid  scarcely  got  out  of  the  river 
when  shf  was  discovered  to  be  on 
hre,  wiii9h  had  communicated  with 
the  spiriLs.  Out  or*  eleven  men,  five 
are  missing,  and  it  is  supposed  that 
they  had  got  at  the  cargo,  and,  in 
the  drav.'ing  off  some  of  it,  had  set 
the  whole  on  fire,  and  perished  in 
the  conflagration.  The  vessel  is  on 
.shore  opposite  the  town,  still  in 
flames,  and  no^hir.g  can  save  her 
from  being  burnt  to  the  water*s  edge. 

Tlic  public  attention  in  Germany 
-  is  now  much  devoted  to  the  famous 
robber,  called  Schinderhannes,  who 
at  lengtli  has  been  taken  and  deli- 
\ered  up  to  tiie  French,  about  two 
months  ago,  with  several  of  his  asso- 
ciates. A  thousand  anecdotes  are 
related  of  this  extraordinary  man, 
who  is  said  never  to  liave  attacked 
the  pfjf^r,  but  even,  on  the  contrary, 
to  have  been  their  real  friend  and 
supporter,  robbing  the  rich,  tlie 
clergy  and  Jews  in  particular,  to 
aflbrd  them  succmir;  maintaining 
amongst  his  associ:itf:s,  near  200  in 
number,  a  severe  discipline,  and 
puni.-.hing  cv(;n  with  death  such  of 
tliem  as  transgressed  their  voluntary 
submission  to  his  control. 

Afur  be ing all  last  year  the  terror 
cf  the  IciV  biiik  of  tlie  Rhine,  and 
laying  under  |Kri  .:'»ical  contribution 
aii  the  Cduntry  \y  Uracil  ^layence 
riud  Coblent/,  lie  transferred  his 
ji mg  to  the  ri<;ht  bank  of  the  river 
in  I'Vanconin,  and  was  at  length  ar- 
riol'.J  as  a  su-jplcioUi  ciiaiacter  en 


coming  into  the  SunkelUcIien  dis^ 
trictoneday,  at  a  .ittle  market  town^ 
in  the  character  of  a  pedlar,  with  a 
horse  and  cart  full  of  ware^,  as  was 
frequently  his  practice  upon  a  uecon-: 
noitering  scheme:  to  avoid  more 
minute  investigation,  he  there  de- 
listed with  the  Austrians,  and  beins^ 
sent  to  tlie  general  rendezvous  a( 
Franl^fort,  was  recognized  and  be-; 
traycd  by  an  associate. 

H  *  then  acknowledged  himsdf  tq. 
be  Schinderhannes,  and  was^  at  the  ' 
request  of  the  French  minister,  dicr 
livered  up  to  the  republic^  and  conr 
ducted,  witli  several  of  his  associates 
apprehended  in  the  interim,  partica^ 
larly  one  called  "  Black  Jonas/'  io 
great  notoriety,  to  Mayence^  where . 
he  now  remains  a  close  prisoner^  a^ 
well  as  his  father  and  mother,  pea-; 
sants  near  Rastadt,  his  mistress,  and 
many  others,  waiting  their  trial. 

His  age  is  only  twenty-three,  and 
his  conduct,  if  what  is  greedily  pub- 
lished of  him  be  true,  almost  moddr 
led  on  that  of  Carl  Moore,  in  Scfail- 
ler*s  famous  play  of  the  Robbei's,  imi- 
tated lately  on  the  English  stage  un- 
der the  title  of  the  Red  Cross  KnightSj^ 
and  which  w^ould  seem  to  have  elec- 
trified and  given  a  wrong  impulse  to 
an  ardent  imagination,  which,  in 
better  pursuits,  might  have  fonmcd 
an  heroic  character. 

7th.  Intelligence  haa  been  re- 
ceived from  Madras  of  the  sudden 
deatii  of  the  deposed  heir  of  the  na-> 
bob  of  the  Camatic.  His  death  waa 
followed  by  those  of  his  bigbness'a 
father*in-law,  and  of  his  deares(  ' 
friend  and  chief  counsellor,  the  ve^ 
nerablc  Najub  Khan,  who  survived 
his  sovereign  but  nineteen  daysJ 
The  prince,  on  his  death-bed,  made 
a  will  in  favour  of  his  brother  Hassaun 
Ul  JVIalk,  who  of  course  succeeds  tq 


CHRONICLE. 


4SS 


^  his  legitimate  claims  to  the  so- 
vereignty. Hassauij,  it  is  stated,  posi- 
tively refased  uo  sign  the  surrender 
of  his  riglits.  He  is  kept  in  close 
confinement. 

Sth.  Colonel  O' Kelly's  celebrated 
jinging  parrot   died  suddenly  at  its 
master's  house  in  Halfmoon-street. 
This  singular  and  celebrated  bird  was 
one  of  the  three  bequests  made  by  his 
uncle  to  colonel  O'Kelly :  the  other 
two  were  the  estate  of  Cannons,  and  . 
the  famous  hor.^^e  Eclipse.   This  un- 
commonly-gifted  creature   sung    a 
number  of  songs  in  perfect  time  and 
tune,  and,  if  she  ever  made  a  lapse, 
^e  would  stop,  and  go  over  the  pas- 
sage until  her  ear  was  perfectly  sa- 
^sfied.  She  could  express  her  wants 
articvdatcly,  and  give  her  orders  in  a 
wanner  approaching  nearly  to  ration- 
ahty.     Her  age  is  not  known,  but  it 
is  upwards  of  thirty  years  since  tlie 
Jate  Mr.  O'Kelly  bought  her  at  Bris- 
tol at  the  price  of  100  guineas.  The 
colonel  was  repeatedly  offered  500 
guineas  per  annum,  by  persons  who 
wished  to  make  a  public  exliibition 
of  the  bird  5  but  this,  out  of  tender- 
oess  to  the  favourite,  he  constantly 
refased.     The  body  was  yesterday 
dissected  by  Dr.  Kennedy  and  Mr. 
Brooke,   when  tlie  muscles  of  tlie 
larynx,  which  form  tlie  voice,  w^ere 
found,  from  die  effect  of  practice,  to 
.  be  uncommonly  strong ;  but  there 
was  no  apparent  cause  for  its  sudden 
death. 

The  following  description  of  the 
late  nuptials  of  tlic  daughter  of  tlie 
Coorga  rajah  will  give  some  idea  of 
the  magnificence  with  which  in  the 
East  they  celebrate  that  rite  :  "  The 
roads  in  eveiy  direction,  for  several 
coss,  were  illuminated  on  each  side, 
and  ornamented  with  curious  and 
postiy  devices.  They  commenced 
Ir^ra.  the  entrance  of  Nanour,  ex^ 


tending  to  the  limits  0/  the  Cusbah" 
Three  English  gendemen,  captain* 
Foulis,  Marriott,  and  Osborne,  at- 
tended this  splendid  ceremony.  On 
their  arrival  at  the  palace,  tliey  were 
saluted  by  twenty-one  guns,  and 
ushered  into  tlie  presence  to  the  notes 
of  soft  music,  select  bands  of  Hin- 
doQstany  girls  dancing  before  them. 
For  the  space  of  seven  d^ys  the  re- 
joicings continued,  each  successive 
day  varied  by  amusements  created  by 
the  happy  and  inventive  genius  of  the 
rajah  himself,  who  studied,  widi  his 
wonted  liberality,  the  accommodatioa 
and  pleasures  of  his  guests :  at  the 
end  of  the  seventh  day,  the  above- 
mentioned  gendemen  took  their 
leave,  and  were  highly  compUmen  ted 
by  the  rajah  for  the  favour  of  their 
attendance.  On  one  occasion  during 
the  festival,  at  the  grand  hunt,  at- 
tended by  the  rajah  and  his  company, 
no  less  than  18  elks,  14  wild  buffa- 
loes, 13  cheetars  or  spotted  tigers, 
2  elephants,  and  32  wild  boars,  were 
slain.  The  heads  of  the  animals  were 
laid  in  triumph  at  tlie  feet  of  the 
young  amiable  bride,  whohadscarce-f 
ly  attained  her  fifteenth  year.  The 
princess,  it  is  said,  possesses  very  su- 
perior accomplishments  j  certaiti  it 
is,  that  nature  has  been  most  kind  to 
her  in  a  lovely  animated  countenance 
and  a  most  beautifid  and  delicate  form . 
Her  husband,  the  Joonday  rajah, 
is  about  thirty  years  of  age,  a  welli^ 
informed  and  pleasant  characte;*. 

9th.  Orders  have  been  issued  for 
the  field  officers  of  th^  regiments 
now  in  garrison  at  Malta  to  join  their 
respective  regiments :  by  which  it 
should  seem  that  that  island  is  not 
(for  the  present  at  least)  to  be  eva* 
cuated  by  the  British  forces. 

10th.  It  has  been  formally  an-^ 
nounced  by  the  Danish  and  Swedish 
gazettes,  that  the  conquests  we  made- 

a  §4  .     «f 


456 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


of  their  West  India  islands  have 
bern  formally  delivered  to  their  re- 
spective armaments. 

12th.  As  tlie  niail  coach  was  tra- 
velling between  Princeton  and  Tren- 
ton, in  America,  the  lightning 
struck  the  back  part  of  the  carriage, 
and  descending  to  the  axletvee,  ran 
along  the  pole,  and  instantly  killed 
the  four  horses  3  the  coacli  was  much 
shattered,  but  \hc.  passengers  escaped 
unhurt,  as  did  the  driver,  although 
for  some  time  rendered  insensible  by 
the  violence  of  tlie  shock. 

13  th.  An  impostor,  who  person- 
ated die  hongurable  colonel  A.  Hope, 
and  completely  duped  many  people  at 
Keswick  in  Cumberland,  has  ab- 
sconded. He  contrived  to  marry  the 
daughter  of  a  publican  called  the 
*'  Beauty  of  Buttermere*'  under  his 
assumed  appellation,  nor  was  he  dis- 
covered till  Mr.  Hardinge  the  Welsh 
judoe,  on  a  tour  to  visit  the  Lakes, 
and  knowing  colonel  Hope,  issued  a 
warrant  for  his  apprehension. 

At  the  Norwich  music  meeting 
the  harmony  of  the  first  day  was 
completely  destroyed  by  the  following 
unpleasant  circumstance:  Agentle- 
iTwn  of  the  name  of  James,  who  has 
been  long  subject  to  epileptic  fitg, 
was  so  overpowered  by  the  effect  of 
the  performance  as  to  be  seized  by 
one,  which  threatened  the  most  seri- 
ous consequences :  being  passionately 
fond  of  music,  and  anxious  to  hear 
Mrs.  Billington  sing  *^  1  know  that 
my  Redeemer,"  he  had  inadvertently 
secured  a  place  in  the  midst  of  the 
crowd  under  the  front  of  the  orches- 
tra J  and  scarcely  had  Braiiam  begun 
his  so  much  famed  air  of  *'  To  arms, 
your  Country's  Cause,"  than  he  in- 
stantly fell  ;  a  stream  of  blood  gashed 
from  liis  mouth,  and  he  was  borne 
out  a  most  ghastly  spectacle.  The 
coniubion  soon  became  general ;  nu- 


merous parties  of  gentlemen  wercbu* 
sily  employed  in  attempts  to  recover 
the  females,  who  were  most  seriously 
alarmed  at  his  disorder,  when  a  fresh 
event  engaged  tlieir  attention.   Mrs. 
Billington,  who  had  hitherto  endea- 
voured to  support 'her  spirits,  sud- 
denly fainted,  and  was  con\'eyed  from 
the  orchestra  into  the  vestry  as  life- 
less as  a  corpse :  this  immediately 
stopper!  the  remainder  of  the  pcr- 
foriuance,    which-  every  one  was 
anxious  should  be  immediately  csm^ 
eluded  j  when  alderman  Brown^  ono 
of  the  stewards,  addressed  the  audU 
ence,  and  informed  them^  that  in 
consequence  of  the  unforeseen  acd^ 
dent,  it  would  be  impossible  for  Mn. 
Billington  and  the  other  singers  to 
go  through  their  songs ;  but  that  he  ' 
hoped  they  would  be  content  with 
tlie  "  Coronation  Anthem  j"   with 
which  the  performance  concluded* 

At  the  Surrey  sessions,  Maxy  Ro» 
binson,  a  very  decent  looking  wo^  ' 
nian,  was  put  to  the  bar/  and  tried 
upon  six  separate  indictments,  each 
charging  her  with  stealing  ffocks, 
the    property    of   persons'  thereia 
namexl.     The  woman,  it  appeared,    . 
was  in  tlie  constant  practice  of  in- 
veigling   little     children  of  three,. 
four,  and  five  years  of  age,  into  bye 
places,  where  she  took  an  opportu- 
nity  of    stripping   them  of   their , 
clothes,   and   turned   them    adrifL    ■ 
Several  of  tlie  children  she  had  in- 
timidated, by  producing  a  knife,  aod 
threatening  to  kill  them  in  case  they 
made  a  noise.     A  child  of  a  Mrs.- 
Parry  she  had  served  in  this  man- 
ner, and  taken  away  its  ^ock,  whicb 
she  al'terwards   went  to  pledge  at 
Mr.  Barber's,  a  pawnbroker  in  the 
Borough.      The    shopman    stated, 
that  she  had  pledged  a  great  num- 
ber of  frocks  at  his  master^s  sbep, 
and  having  received  intimation  1^% 

most 


y 


CHRONICLE. 


457 


most  of  them  were  stolen,  he  deter- 
mined to  secure  her  if  she  came 
again.  She  canje  with  the  frock 
which  she  had  taken  from  Mrs. 
Parry's  child,  and  he  secured  her, 
and  sent  for  a  constable.  When 
she  was  taken  into  custody,  she  had. 
a  great  number  of  duplicates  in  her 
possession,  and  had  strewed  several 
on  the' floor  of  the  shop.  (The  jury, 
much  to  the  satisfaction  of  a  crowd- 
ed court,  found  her  guilty  on  each 
indictment. 

The  court,  in  passing  sentence, 
made  some  observations  on  the 
enormity  of  the  offence,  and  hoped 
that  the  sentence  it  was  about  to  in- 
iftict  would  be  the  means  of  prevent- 
ing such  inhuman  practices  for  tlie 
future.  The  chairman  mentioned 
an  instance  of  a  child  having  been 
stripped,  and  taken  into  the  iields, 
where  it  had  wandered  on  a  heath, 
and  must  have  perished,  if  some 
person,  accidentally  passing  near  the 
spot,  had  not  been  attracted  by  its 
cries.  The  court  then  sentenced 
•  the  prisoner  to  be  transported  for 
the  term  of  seven  years,  and  to  be 
kept  to  hard  labour  in  the  house  of 
correction,  till  she  is  put  on  ship 
board. 

15th.  Forty  thousand  French  have 
inarched  against  Switzerland  under 
general  Ney,  nor  can  any  resistance 
that  brave  but  ill-fated  people  may 
make  be  in  the  least  effectual ;  any 
interference  of  tlie  other  powers  of 
Europe  in  their  behalf  is  now  too 
late! 

The  late  stadtholder,  by  an  act 
signed  at  Dillenbnrgh,  has  form- 
ally conveyed  to  liis  son,  the  here- 
ditary prince  of  Orange,  all  the 
states  allotted  to  him  as  an  indem- 
nity :  in  consequence  of  which  that 
prince  has  dispatched  commissioners 
IQ  the  differ<^ut  cities^    bishoprics^ 


abbeys,   &c.    which  constitute  his 
new  dominion. 

All  the  commandeiies,  priories, 
estates,  and  property  of  whatever 
kind,  the  knights  of  Malta  possessed 
in  Spain,  have  been  on  a  sudden 
confiscated  by  that  power  to  the  use 
of  the  crown.  As  this  measure  in 
as  ample  extent  has  already  taken 
place  in  France,  Piedmont,  repub- 
lican Italy,  and,  in  /short,  wherever 
the  influence  of  France  extended, 
it  is  not  easy  to  conceive  how  thp 
articles  of  the  treaty  of  Amiens 
which  relate  to  that  order  can  be 
executed.  It  certainly  is  not  possi- 
ble to  restore  the  island  of  Malta 
to  its  former  possessors,  the  knights 
of  St.  John  of  Jemsalem,  when  that 
order  has  been  completely  ruined,  and 
indeed  can  hardly  be  said  to  e^ist. 
And  til  is  country  would  surely  not  be 
justified  in  surrendering  Malta  to 
those  who  are  deprived  of  the  only 
means  by  which  tliey  could  protect 
it,  and  which  would  in  fact  be  to 
leave  it  a  prey  to  France,  whose 
end  and  object  it  is  to  get  possession 
of  it  at  any  rate. 

l6th.  About  five  o'clock  in  the 
evening  a  man,  genteely  dressed, 
went  into  Mr.  Mary  an' s,  silversmith, 
in  lx)mbard-street,  drew  a  pistol 
^  from  his  pocket,  and  demanded 
money,  holding  the  pistol  within  a 
foot  and  a  half  of  his  head.  The  man 
repeated  the  question,  and  Mr.  M. 
replied,  "  L  have  none,"  and  endea- 
voured to  put  the  pistol  away ,  At 
this  moment  Mr.  Minet  entered  the 
shop,  and  passed  close  behind  the 
robber,  who,  upon  seeing  him,  im- 
mediately turned  round  and  levelled 
the  pistol  at  him,  as  if  to  shoot  him. 
Mr.  Minet  however  stooped-  down 
to  avoid  receiving  its  contents.  Mr. 
M.  perceiving  the  man's  design, 
came  forward  in  order  to  seize  bita, 

if 


43<» 


NNUAL   REGISTER,    1805. 


.     .•!.    . 


■»:.-":  .":? 


rnirr*'"  *-*  •-*-  ■>  -*-  -**■'■  -•*  •  "-'-"■ 

«.     .,.?.     ...^....j.-.    .    -      .■  —     — -    f    — - 

ti^r-C"     --  ■-  -J •  ■'  *-  -»-  '  -  — 

.      .       .....         • 

t.rT:a-  .'■  .-:■  ..-•  .'^r..  :.:  '..■'  ' 
6:*;  iiy     1  ■''i  c--*      '11     ^L'li::. 

t-'  '1"  '■•  y,  ?'. :  Ml".  M  ir;;-  7  ^:i  :'^i 

r-:::..:?z  *  *-■  il^*'  j'Js--  ^  --  ''^  ^iri. 

1      ■  *  * ' 

fe •  ' .  -    l-:'  :•:     h •  Xi .      A : ": : :   *■" ri: e 

«-j-T-4t-  •  ■■»■  f*  .->^»  •.-r     *-r«     .'1- ■■""•■*— 


«^^%c<     r>. •*.-•■      •••^     !>.».-.    .11.    im.   ^•-«*  «»• 
H'*     u'-"**'  rrf.-^-'w    ID  l-iiiC   A.iy    al.   '  '- 

Tswiz f- .  37. d  :  • ,  '-. -  s ?.y i ,  r.-:  irr ;i:"r.. ■  d 
Ei't  t'>  survivr  i'.::s  .*li.iir:nV^  a'.teiTirt. 

20: h.  I:i  1:0:1  ^'.ijuer.jc  di'  the 
ft:iua:::'n  of  r.n.'.ir5  on  the  co:.i.r«*iit, 
3r:d  th*-  5  object  or"  ihc  c  vacua '"..in 
C't'  M::l:a  K'^t  b-iKi  yet  decided 
en,  L'o\  erriRieril  sc-tni  di5;x>-cd  to 
c^r:!")  aii'.rly-r  armamer.i :  soitjC 
fbipi  of  the  line  have  beer,  ordered 
for  ibe  Mrr.iierranean,  and  others 
10  ^^t  stored  and  equipped  lor  sea, 
iJibiiit  a  small  .v]n3droii  ot  obscna- 
tion  is  to  be  in  reailiiiedS  t>j  sail  at  an 
hour's  notiic. 

A»i  ariifm  has  lately  been  tried 
in  •i!>r .stccmd  term.  1S02,  Jt  Bombay, 
bcli.rc  sir  William  Syer,  knt.  re- 
eord'-r,  &:c.  bmught  by  iiemenant 
C2.^Ti<;ton  Maw,  against  Missrs. 
I>arr.iOuib,  Kiymond,  dec.  oificers 
cif  lii«:  shi))  S<>leby  Ca-^tle,  lor  an 
assa\iit.  Jt  appeiir*  that  in  crossing 
til*;  lir*'*,  in  the  pr.->ac"  l'>  Bombay, 
the  Usual  ceremony  performed  by 
Neptune  and  his  atter.dur.t  deitits 
took  place,  wijich  (^'U^iit-*  of  >Ii:iv- 
ing  and  ducking'  ail  tho=e  vLo  have 


v.j\    i>e3":r*  rr:--ed  the  linr. 
'j.^-'.*rZL2:''.     ?iMw     linnly    Tesi>ted» 
i;: :  fj.ii?  Tr.xiy'  oners   to  give  an 
^.  L  •  iilr:.:  -r'-Th'-r  !n  :iio*;ct  or  spiritSp 
b^  -^r-?ej   from  stu&nng  such 
m     :r.-'rr.;ty.      AJter    makiisg   re- 
T* ':■■■:  '::V-7s  to  ?he  zsen,   on  ooot 
i.\  \:\   of  ihvlr  ni  mrjesting  hiniy ' 
i?yi   nr.:::zz:   th^m    cont:.-niptuouslj 
7==^^^  -i  :*"  ij.  he  ihut  h!:Ti?e!f  ap  in  his  o- 
bir .  :he  d  x^r  of  wh-  :h  be  barricadoed 
"R:'ii   tr.-.::'K.5  sad   boxe?,    the    best 
wsyhf  '.v.i>  f.b>,  i>«i»g  the  iurther  ■ 
pre :.v.:::{:n  01  k'^-er.-g  the  port,  to 
5^. .  .ti:;     ir-tni-lon    from    ^'ithonL 
Af:er  zcmz^'.vr.:^  son^  lime  in  thii 
^ia:r  i-A  impriioanient,  witl.out  lig^ 
cr  .1.7,  ar.d  ir.at  U7ider  the  line,  and 
dur-r.j  the  b::tc£t  pan  of  the  day^ 
t.T  piir.y,  wh-'=c  criafncrers  Itad  ill 
b':::  C2»:  bcforc.'i^nd,  can^e  to  "hi* 
^^.  J: ,  :i::d  witji  031!: s  ar.d  inipreca- 
1 1 ' :: s  ::.«>:  t\  on  inriniediate  adnua- 
s:  ci.     Inis  he  rei»dutcly  refused 
ti)  ^rant,   but  with  the  same  breath 
again   entreated  thesi  to  take  hit 
m^ney, 3ndiea%'ehini  unmolested;  9 
proposal   on  his    part  which    was 
strongly  seconded  by  Mr.  Pattenotf^ 
the  fourth   mate  c;f  tlie  ship,  with 
the  additional    assurance   that    h^,- 
their  officer,   would  be  answerafalp 
for  tlic  plaintili's  supplying  all  </ 
them  witii  spirits  ou  the  ship*s  ar- 
rival at  Bombay.      Neither    to  be* 
won  by   entreaties,    however^   nor- 
intimidated  by    threats,    the  gang 
immediately   began    attempting    lo 
force  oi>en  die  door,  but  not  sue*: 
cecding  in    this    su  easil}'  as  they 
exiH'ctcd,  tlicy  all  with  one  accord 
went  on  deck,  as  if  cm  purpose  iac 
further  orders  and  fresh  intnictions^ 
Air.  Riiymond  accordingly «  the  third' 
ninte,  dc^ired  some  of  them  to  OQ 
below,  and  to  take  the  door  olF  the 
hinges  :   and  surrsrested,  that  others- 
ini"ul  make  tutrur  \v ay  iu  at  tbe  port.* 

>Vb3B 


CHRONICLE, 


459 


r 


While  one    party   went  with  the 
carpenter  for  the  first  of  these  pur- 
poses, a  sailor  of  the  nanxe  of  Edwards 
Vi^as  let  down  the  side  of  the  ship, 
t)raadishing  a  naked  cutlass  in  pne 
hand,  while  he  held  a  bhidgeon  in 
tlie  other.      By    tlie    assistance  of 
tlie  latter  weapon,    the    plaintiif's 
port,  which  he  was  not  sailor  enough 
to  know  how   to   iasten  properly, 
was  lifted  up,  and  £)dwards  stretch- 
ing the  arm  which  held  the  cutlass 
into  the  cabin,  made  thrusts  tiiere- 
Widi   in   every     direction,      which 
Mr.  Maw   for  some  time   parried 
\vith  his  sword  j    and    though    he 
could,     at  this   period,  with    great 
ease,  have  either  stabbed  or  shot  his 
assailant,  he  abstained  from  doing  him 
any  injury.     Indeed  tije  pistols  with 
which  he  had  armed  himself,  and 
which  he  now  fired  otf,    in  hopes  of 
protecting  himself  from  furtlier  out- 
rage, were  loaded  with  powder  only. 
No  sooner,    however,     were  they 
tpth    discharged,     than     Edwards 
made   a  leap   into    the    cabin,  his 
associates  at  the  same  instant  rushing 
in  at   the  door.     The  whole  armed 
gang  now  pressed  round  the  plaintiff, 
find  after  wresting  the  sword  from 
the  only  hand  he  had  to  hold  one, 
tore  and  dragged   him  upon  deck. 
There  he  clung  for  some  time  to 
the  post  of  the  cuddy  door,  and  see- 
ing no  hopes  of  protection,  but  the 
ponti'ary,  from  the   first  and  third 
mate,    who  were  upon  deck,  called 
put  in  the  loudest  and  most  anxious 
manner  for  tlie  captain  of  the  ship, 
who,  from  the  unfortunate  circum- 
ttance  of  the  door  of  his  apartment 
being  shut  at  the  moment,  joined  to 
the  great  noise  which  prevailed  with- 
out, heard  nothing,  as  he  afterwards 
declared,  of  this  appeal  to  his  pre- 
iection,  which  otherwise,  there  could 
^  no  doubt,  from  his  disapprobj^tion 


of  the  proceedings  when  informed 
of    them,    wouM   not  have     beea 
made  in  vain.-— Sach  was  now  tlie 
agitation    of  the    plaintifTs    mind, 
tliat  he  actually  made  an  attempt  to. 
escape  from  further  outrage  by  tlu'ow- 
ing    himself  overboard,  and  would 
have  effected  his  fatal  purpose  if  it 
had  not  been  for  the    active  hii- 
manity  of  his   friend,    Mr.  Patter- 
son.    But  neitlier  the  pain  he  had 
already  undergone,     nor    his    evi- 
dently preferring  death  itself  to  fur- 
ther   indignity,  had    the   effect   of 
procuHng  him  any  respite  or  release- 
He  was  torn  from  his  hold,  dragged 
along  the  quarter-deck  to  the  waist, 
and  forcibly  fixed  in  a   boat,    half 
full  of  filthy  water,  which  had 'been 
placed  there  for  the  business  of  the 
day.     His  eyes  being  bandciged  witht 
a  dirty   napkin,  a   nauseous   com- 
position of  tar  and  pitch  was  rubbec^ 
over  his  face,  and  taken  off  again  by 
the  means  of  a  rusty  hoop,  serving 
the  purpose   of  a  razor.     He  was 
then  pushed  back  with  violence  into 
the  boat,  and  there  held  struggling  for 
some  seconds,  with  his  head  beneath 
the  water.     In  consequence  of  this 
treatment,  the  plaintifl  kept  his  bed 
the  whole  remaining  part  of  the  day, 
,  and  next  morning,  finding  his  sores 
and  bruises  still  extremely  painflili^ 
had  recourse  to  jdie  surgeon  of  the 
ship  for   assistance,   who  informed 
the  court  in-  what  state  he  found 
him.       Mr.    Dowdeswell>   on  the 
part  of  the  defendants,  considered 
the  whole  as  a  joke,  and  spoke  in 
mitigation  of    danaages.     The  re- 
corder,   as  well  as  the  jury,  thought 
these  jokes  rather  too  severe ;  and  the 
court  awarded  400  rupees  damages. 

21st.  The  Halle  au  Bled,  or  place 
where  the  corn  market  at  Paris 
was  held,  has  been  destroyed  by 
fire  :  the  roof  was  \h6  admiration 

■    '  ot 


4(^ 


/.  V  >  1  . .  1    1. 1  G  :  5 1  E  R,  MDC 


fjf"    'l''     ••    I.-'     *•■■  ■     f -•  .    —    ■-.     - —  ._ 

^#  m  ^  r  «■-■  a  .■..  ■■■_. 

"■..♦«■•.  -l-f  ".  ...  1. 

Ii«.  .«        f*     ■>  T  ■  ■#-■11  I  •  .  ■  ■  II"  ••  -^^       •  ■     ■     ^*  ^ 

«••_■•         '      V  •■..:    ■•  .      ■     -:•    . 

Ir-TfTi"  v..  ' :  •"  ■  :•  ::  •  i  .;: 
IW'.    r.-."   II.    j-.v  .:';.      •  *■    V  .:..; 

w.  i:::r    r     riij'.i    v        ♦:■.:!"'    rr.- 

tM    »>,  M  •  •  «  ■     ■  *   -  *        ■  ■ .  •  V    **^» 

•,f'"|i»         *-i«.'i»»"li  I*        ■■■  :•"..       ••■.»-»  ij.>* 

.wi-     \>        >>     '••        •■     >     11...      L,:.    .<!  L.*v.     " 

V-if     *■■  1. 1«  ••II  I."        I"' »*;^?  I'l tP    ■'* '    ■•■ 

tf:r    iii.i.  ■:..{■      v-'.'M     in*.    i»r-.:::..    .:'. 

ti -f-:      •!       ■[#•■■»•       ■■■.:■  ••i"<i       I  ■*••■•-.  -» 

li'.yi.         tM  T*'T  Tt'.  ,..•.«•  •«v.|i.««- 

Ji.a^.l.    ..     *hA.  *       ..  111..  ..     .     .   .A^«_»!   . 

Cf'.-^:i»»*t..  i::'*.  lii*-  :r.'.;:.i ■.'.■:  '.-.v.-l 
av  «!•   ''•'•  pit'!*-.  :!r::.  lit  v  .:-  t,_  r-  l 

t(.  f--.  ^.  ■;  •;»       .-  ••   'i.t      ••■    14.--.,  I-  '!'».• 

'■''  (a.   .It.  ^-  a.  i:  la.  al-  .  ..  P... 

j.. !•■»■       1      I  .  ;  ;l-—         T  l'"l  1!T     •    •-         ■   •     ■. 

•    I 

Ik'      «         J         1-        ^m      -.1    -. J     1'.        ■    »•»  -■  •■    " 

t-.f"-  ■  i»-   ■■       I-':.    '■        "'i:'         •    :.•"       ••       •,   ^' 

i"-:.   'LI*    Im^  if."  '.•■'  '     V   '■.  .::   'i*l- 

r  ,-•■■•     •■,•>•       ■   •    ■     -1'   *    ,'      '•■'■•■' MTHTl' * 

Cm'     -'i     "  .»i--# •:•'    »     '^'^  -.-^  *       -  ■   -|-^       -  f  .•■« 

{t'"      C*m"K:rc^  Lt-i  *.,"jt:;-  ::'.cr". '." 

t".  ■(..-  .**  .   '»*  ■'  ■    t'  *-  ■  t «  •  - 1*.»" ^ 
M  ■       ,                             .^             .              to'                            .            _.*«i                 ...            ..                  a^A...          _  a 

J-:!'.  .■    :    -•'  :..!  ■.■^f '■■■..'.■.»'   o:  '."orv: 
Las  ■•  T  b"-  J .  i ;  ■ '  .  ■  t c\  ? : .  «:*■•-". - ".  *. ■ :  :* Jtir- 
r ^fS  .:  r J '*: . :.  a      'I  ♦. .  r    c '. .  - :  : r.  in »v. at      ■  & 
t-wur   L^:,,  arici  'i.r  L'U:.:.-^^  -.=:    t:;L:: 

i-jtUitr.'  'a^C'-'J.'i^o  i?y  i!.t    .-^:-:v.  r: 

].  ^ ..,.,, ..-    J.  r  j^,  aj; ;. „,  31::  ,#- .      J : . :  e^;    .  f 

y/  ^  :  -.^"r/*  v.^iiC:.  bcnLiris 
•:  .  .  .  ;,,  ?:;i'-  rjil'l.'ifrcb  of  i".c 
•■         :  .',     ':•-:;'  ...*r:':y    "S^Murtd   1j 

a;.-  •  ■.  i.?  i/''ih%  urJ-.aiKJ'.v;;  ;-; 
tilt  J'.-wt  u  Uxt  iuJiiiv.     A^  il«:  biiJifc 


'.^rrt: .  Inr.-  cries  of 
V  -.  :•:  ::'jjrL  ir  thr 
:  --.'n-  rat  cnsi  ti> 

.-. •  v.er^  i-"-rnighi 
:::■  ::!V^  2bai stance 

ur-L.      ClDL  of  than 
Tr7rr/-T*-d    bin 
riininiK-  sncrttr 
ttti:r:  irr  sf.vrrai  hams. 
Sir.   bad  lived  i 
:  ■  -•■".TJ.,  years,  and 
I*.:  '"  ui:*.-  ni  ili^  lonichms 
.i:vti. .  The  struggte  tar  i 
m'.-:  c:  tilt:  imfaai>iw'  Swia 
- 1  :-;rr  u ^ .  !s    compAcKlr  M 
T  'ii.I'v  ci*-!»sncd  fa\'  evay 
:::t   '.  ::nt:ii^ni,   and  bat  a 
1 .  n-r.Ti:  '.riiarL  having  bca 
i::r!'  rar  py  ihis  connny, 

•  .r- :.  t:-    •submit  id   'Ak 
\  ::■'.:  ".:•?  iirr-i  consnl  of 
T    ..-  :.  ::.  iit^jc  them :  and 
li:):::::-::-it,  i-.-iiead  of  cinog* 
V.  V.:.   L:::t  iiiainiicf  ax  least  rf 
:i  ;.  'ttrr.   marr.animitv  and  j 
p'-'ri-^r.-z  tut  ambitionfi 
J : :•  •  *    : : w  ry':-   characterized 
*T^-^  ;»l:i'*^  rnnsideration, 
::  -  -:■.:.  :-:  'Jit  friendij' 
r:.:L  ^3-  rrrani  ::nd  impnioni 

•  .'     -'^■;ir  'yi!ir:,  under  lie 
'.  ■  /r  ji  :i.:vi:t..  tiia:  noma 
Tirn.itfM't  vtjicii  ht;  himBcilf  !■! 
-.-'.y  r'..L:-ar*T«::d  and  cansoi 

A  7t".fz.i  cennis  of    die 
K*'--r,  in    N^ri  Aroenca, 
II- v. r  :i-'-rL\::u:y-i   nmcmnt  lo 
0  .»>'.:.<  00.  r::'j:  dizni  shippii^ 
jK  CKiU  :.•!:?:    ibt  va-nc  of 
;.  '.'•:•  y  t  ipor: &  ib; tc  SCl,^ 
'I  L;  -  :   f.nc  thtir    puhUc 
i'j.y.O^O'JO  of  doliars, 

v:.?:  ■  -it  c.li   iLe  dincrent  pati^i^ 


CHRONICLE. 


461 


and  in  warlike  preparations 

kind,  for  the  purpose,  no 

►f  securing  a  continuation  of 

. — }5th.  In  Charles-street, 
garden,  aged  55 ,  Joseph 
;sq.  of  an  inflammation  in 
ils.     He  was  a  very  distin- 

artist,  and  well  known  for 
luity  with  which  he  traced 
:ional  antiquities  from  il- 
;d  MSS.  and  for  having 
compiled  *^  The  rej^al  and 
tical  Antiquities  of  Eng- 
73 ,"  4to.  "  Complete  Views 
Vlanners,  Customs,  Habits, 
cc.  to  the  time  of  Henry 
:'  the  Inhabitants    of  Eng- 

vols.  4to.   17/4  5  ''Ciiro- 

England,''  2  vols.  1777  5 
aphical  Dictionary  of  En- 
'  2  vols.  1785  J  and  "  The 
id  Pastimes  of  the  People 
nd,"  4to.  ]801  ;  allof  tliem 
estimation  with  theantiqua- 

scholar. 


NOVEMBER. 

'he^slight  attempt  of  govern- 
interfere  with  respect  to 
ind  has  been  received  by 
ath  unbounded  indignation, 
bllowing  extract  from  the 
r  (the  French  official  paper) 
kiiently  evince,  and  which 
considered  as  conveying  a 
olent  menace  towards  this 
'*  Great  Britain  has  no 
d  shall  have  no  right,  to  in- 
1  the  concerns  of  the  con- 
er  only  relations  with  France 
tJie  treaty  of  Amiens,  the 
5aty,  and  notnlng  but  the 
Amiens.  Nothin->"  shall  be 
from  France  by  menacing 
lofs  :   France  will  remain  in 


the  attitude  in  which  the  Atlienians 
placed  Minerva,  **  her  helmet  on  her 
head,  and  her  lance  in  her  hand." 

Duri ng  the  performance  of  Peronse 
at  the  Preston  theati-e,  when  the 
hero  fired  at  the  Indian,  tlie  wadding 
entered  tlic  thigh  of  the  latter  (Mr. 
Bannerman  of  Edinburgh),  which 
caused  a  mortification,  of  which  he 
died. 

2d  At  the  Qld  Bailey,  Francisco  (a 
Tyrolese)  was  indicted  for  shooting 
at  Mr.  Maryan,  in  Lombard-street. 
Mr.  Maryan  deposed,  thatontlie  161I1 
ult.  the  prisoner  came  into  his  shop, 
and.  presenting  a  pistol,  demanded 
his  money ;  the  prosecutor  not  imme- 
diately complying  with  his  request, 
and  another  person  coming  in,  the 
prisoner  fired,  when  tlie  ball  passed 
through  the  wainscot,  and  penetiAted 
the  wall  to  the  depth  of-half  an  inch. 
Mr.  Minet,  a  merchant,  dei)osed, 
that  as  he  entered  the  shop  he  heard 
the  prisoner  say  *'  Money,"  andcon- 
ceiving  him  to  be  a  robber,  he  at- 
tempted to  seize  him,  when  he  pre- 
sented a  pistol,  but  the  witncvss  stoop- 
ing down,  he  fired  at  the  prosecutor, 
and  ran  out  of  the  shop.  The  pri- 
soner, in  liis  defence,  presented  a 
paper,  in  which  he  did  not  deny  the 
outline  of  the  evidence :  he  declared, 
that  he  had  not  the  smallest  inten- 
tion of  killing  the  prosecutor:  he 
said  the  pistol  went  ofi^*  by  accideftl : 
that  his  sufferings  drove  him  to  mad- 
ness, not  having  iiad  for  some  tiiAe 
either  food  or  lodging  :  he  had  pro- 
vided the  pistols  for  putting  an  end 
to  his  own  existence,  and  had  pro- 
ceeded to  St.  James's  park  for  that 
purpose-,  but  was  prevented  by  there 
being  a  lady  and  child  walking  in 
the  remote  part  whic-h  he  had  xed 
noon.  He  concluded  with  assertin?/ 
that  this  was  his  first  crime,  and  that 
he  would  l^ear  his  fate  with  rcsigiia» 


4G2 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    i8oi. 


lion.  The  jury,  after  halt  an  hour's 
con-^ultation,  brought  in  their  verdict 
guilty — Death. 

5 111.  A  fital  accident  happened  on 
the  Severn,  about  three  miles  above 
GloiicesttT,  during  a  violent  slonn  of 
wind  and  rain.  The  yard  and  part 
of  the  riggin^T  of  one  of  the  ti*o\\*s 
beloLiging  to  owner  Phillips,  of 
Brose!t*y,  was  blown  with  such  fury 
from  the  mast,  as  instantly  to  dash 
into  tlie  river  the  son  of  Mr.  Phil- 
lips, and  a  man  who  was  assisting 
him  upon  deck.  The  youth  with 
the  greatfsl  dilHciiltv  swam  to  shore, 
but  the  man  never  rose  at  all,  and 
every  means  of  search  for  the  body 
proved  ineftectual.  The  unfortunate 
sufferer  was  a  native  of  the  Isle  of 
Man  :  he  had  engaged  that  morning 
with  Mr.  Phillips  to  assist  in  navigat- 
ing th'j  trow  from  Gloucester  to  Brose- 
ley,  but  bt^ing  a  total  stranger  in  this 
part  of  tlic  kingdom,  his  name  is  not 
certainly  known.  It  appi'ars,  how- 
cver,hy  some pa|)ers belonging  to  him, 
which  he  had  a  few  minutes  before 
the  accident  left  in  the  cabin,  that  he 
had  two  considerable  sums  due  to 
him  from  some  persons  in  Liverpool. 
dth.  Afcer  an  interval  of  nearly 
thirteen  monliis  since  the  prelimina- 
ries of  pence  with  France  were  sign- 
ed, Jjas  I  hat  power  thought  fit  at 
last  to  send  an  ambassador  to  this 
country :  he  (general  Andreossi, 
Well  known  by  his  '*  History  of  the 
Canal  of  Languedoc,**  and  for  liis 
inilitar/  talents)  arrived  in  tlie  ca- 
pital alnnit  one  this  morning,  ac- 
companied by  the  yoiuisrer  Portalis, 
as  his  secretary.  His  residence  is  in 
rorlland-pla«:e.  Lord  Whit  worth, 
the  British  ambassador  to  the  French 
republic,  set  out  for  Paris  this  day, 
Mr.  Talbot  is  secretary  to  the  em- 
bassy. This  interchange  of  diplo- 
macy gives  %^i5it  small  hopes  ufa 


continuance  of  tranquillity  bctwcA 
die  two  powers. 

An  English  newspaper,  called  ti» 
Argu**,  is  now  publishing  at  Pariif 
which  constantly  abuses,  in  the  mort 
violent  manner,  the  king,  the  govern- 
ment, and  die  people  of  diis  cowi- 
try.  llie  editor  is  a  man  of  tha  • 
name  of  Goldsmith,  formerly  pro- 
prietor of  the  "  Albion,"  and  trant- 
lator  of  the  "  Crimes  of  Cabinets." . 

7th.  Two  bird  fenciers.  in  St. 
Giles's  betted  a  wager  of  a  guincA 
diat  one  of  their  goldfinches  nog 
better  dian  another.  The  birds  wert 
placed  cage  to  cag-e ;  the  contest 
lasted  forty  minutes,  when  one  of 
them  fell  off  his  perch  in  convulsioMf 
and  expired.  I'hc  other  was  so  fX* 
hausted,  that  he  did  not  sur\ive  abort 
two  hours. 

Sth.  During  the  evening,  as  a  maiir 
was  walking  through    a  piece   oT  ' 
ground    in    die   neighbourhood  Of 
Pierccficld,  Monmoudishire,  he  got 
entangled  in  a  net  which  had  beea 
spread  by  poachers,  for  the  purpose 
of  destroying  the  game  \  and  wbiU 
lie  was  endeavouring  to   extricate 
himself,  three  fellows  sprung  frbni' 
behind  an  adjoining  hedge^  and  it'* 
ticked  him  in  the  most  inhnmaw 
manner.  After  assaulting  and  wounds 
ing  him  with  the  greatest  ierocky* 
they  dragged  him  to  the  prec'ipiQO 
and  threw  him  from  a  difF  prqjectii^ 
over  die  river,  where,  from  the  ba^ 
mense  height,   his  destructioa  mt 
only  prevented  by  his  ^ing  vaSsom 
piece  of  water,    in  which  hd  Vt^ 
mained  ])artially  immersed  ^arinc 
the  whole  of  the  night,  and  pntoi 
next  day,  being  totijly  unable  to  VM/^ 
tricate  himself.     He  was  at  last  dil* 
covered  in  this    helpless  situatjoli^ 
with  his  thigh  dislocated,  and  othflT'. 
wise  dreadfully  bruised  j  but  by  ihs 
humane  ailcuuon  of  the  proprietor  al 

Pietccfielid^ 


y" 


CHRONICLE. 


463 


Id,  who  instantly  ordered 
assistance,  the  poor  man  is 
way  of  recovery.  The  in- 
ssailants  have  not  been  dis- 

Seafortli  has  circulated 
>ut  the  Cai'ibbee  islands  tlie 
iic  palm  which  produces  the 
>m  which  the  cordage  and 
ailed  in  the  East  Indies,  go- 
are  manufactured,  which 
med  the  best  in  the  world, 
strengtli  is  equal  to  the  best 
in  use,  and  the  elasticity  of 
f  this  kind  is  stated,bv  sir  Jo- 
iks,  to  be  beyond  credibility  -, 
cwisc  the  power  of  resisting 
ion  lor  many  years,  though 
y  wet.  With  either  salt  or 
ter.  I'hc  tree  also  produces 
palm  wine  known  in  the 
Old  Scaforth  is  likewise  en- 
ug  to  introduce  the  culture 
:ies  of  the  canarium,  which 
oil  similar  lo  the  best  oUve 

'he  lovers  of  astronomy  were 
gratified  this  morning  by 
rfcct  view  of  the  transit 
anet  Mcrciuy  over  the  sun's 
he  mean  of  the  transit 
(neaily)  ftmrteen  minutes 
;  o'clock.     It  was  not  over 

The  s\  cather  was  remark- 
urable  for  observation.  A 
artly  visible  to  this  country, 

again    occur   before    tlie 

'\0vemi3er  1805. 

At  Dublin,  Thomas  Edward 

charged  with  forging  a  30/, 

Ithc  3d  June  last,  on  Messrs. 

Greenwood,  army  agents  in 

was  put  to  the  bnr.      i  he 

nt  contained  six  counts  laid 

but  principally  to  defraud 

and  Greenwood:  alsoWil- 

:roWj  esq.  to  whom  the  bill 


with  tlie  forged  acceptance  of  ths» 
parties  was  passed. 

Mr.  M'Nally,  counsel  for  tJjc 
crown,  stated  the  case.  He  f?aid, 
that,  notwithstanding  the  form  of  tlic 
indictment,  and  the  number  of  couir^ 
therein,  the  matter  of  the  entire 
charge  was  comprehended  in  the 
view  to  defraud  Mr.  Spairow,  by  ut- 
tering tlie  bill  to  him.  He  in  conse- 
quence did  negotiate  this  instmment 
at  the  house  of  Messrs.  Carleton, 
who  would  in  course  of  trial  ^pcar 
to  give  evidence.  The  circumstanccf 
of  the  transaction  were  concise,, 
simple,  and  perspicuous.  The  gen- 
tleman in  tlie  dock,  he  was  auAo- 
rized  to  call  him  so,  because  hii 
general  repute  and  habits  of  life,  be- 
ing an  officer  in  the  Hampshire  mi- 
litia previously  to  tliis  unhappy  inci- 
dent, were  uniformly  correspondent 
to  the  duties  of  that  rank  and  cha- 
racter. This  gentleman,  Mr.  M'Nally 
repeated,  being  a  married  man,  had 
been  last  summer  with  his  family  in 
Wales,  where  he  met  and  associated 
with  Mr.  Spafrrow,  a  very  respectable 
merchant,  as  almost  eveiy  citizen  ot 
Dublin  knows,  and  living  in  Eustace- 
street.  As  counsel  for  die  crown,  it 
would  not  become  him  to  commeiM^e 
the  panegyrist  of  the  prisoner,  eke 
he  might  from  his  own  authority 
say,  that  he  must  appear  a  deserving 
person  indeed,  to  have  attracted  the 
notice  and  friendship  of  his  client, 
who,  abstracted  from  this  unfortunate 
cause,  would  be  ready  to  offer  testi- 
mony himself  to  tlie  merit  of  the 
prisoner  during  his  acquaintance  with 
him.  This  gentleman  being  perhaps 
a  little  necessitous  in  money  matters, 
did  borrow  a  few  guineas  from  Mr. 
Sparrow  during  tlieir  social  inter- 
course in  Wales.  Both  parties  shortly 
.after  met  in  Dublin^  and  renewed 

their 


464        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


their  intimaqr.  It  occurred  to  the 
prisoner  to  apologize  to  Mr.  Sparrow, 
on  their  meeting  in  Dublin,  for  want 
of  punctuality  in  repaying  him 
the  smns  borrowed  from  him  in 
Wales,  who  thus  said :  '*  1  have  a 
bill  on  tlie  agents  of  my  regiment, 
Messrs.  Cox  and  Greenwood,  of 
London,  for  30/.  arrears  of  pay ;  it 
will  essentially  oblige  me  if  you  will 
discount  it,  and  deduct  the  balance  I 
owe  you."  Mr.  Sparrow,  notwith- 
standingj  his  habitual  confidence  in 
the  prisoner  since  their  acquaintance, 
on  hearing  from  him  that  the  bill 
was  not  then  accepted,  declined  in- 
terfering -J  but,  in  the  course  of  a 
fortnight  after,  the  prisoner  again  ad- 
dressed him,  and  presented  a  bill  for 
30/.  with  the  names  of  Cox  and 
Greenwood  as  acceptors  to  it.  On 
view  of  the  bill,  Mr.  Sparrow  did 
immediately  discount  if  for  the 
prisoner  5  but,  in  the  course  of 
mercantile  negotiation,  he  after- 
wards found  that  tlie  supposed  ac- 
ceptors denied  the  signature,  alleg- 
ing it  was  a  forgeiy. 

William  Sparrow,  esq.  atid  other 
witnesses,  substantiated  by  their  evi- 
dence the  statement  of  counsel.  The 
court  charged  the  jury,  who  returned 
a  verdict  of  guilty ;  but  recommend- 
ing the  prisoner  as  an  object  of  mercy, 
which  the  judges  said  they  would 
mention  to  government. 

Mr.  Steele,  proprietor  of  the  laven- 
der-water warehouse,  Catherine- 
street,  in  tlie  Strand,  was  this  morn- 
ing found  murdered  on  Hounslow- 
heath.  The  deceased  went  on  Fri* 
day  last  to  Bclfont,  \^here  he  had  a 
plantation  of  lavender,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  giving  some  instructions  to 
the  people  whom  he  tliere  employed, 
meaning  to  return  home  on  ^e  fol- 
lowinr^  day,  it  having  been  pre\iousjy 
agi-ecd    that    his     wife's    birth-day 


should  be  celebrated  by  thHr  respecf 
tive  reJations  on  the  succeding  Sun- 
day. ,  Not  having  returned  at  the  apr  • 
pointed  time,  his  family  condddeii 
that  he  hadlbeen  unexpectedly  de* 
tained  by  business  3  and  tlus  consi-'' 
deration  prevented  any  alann  for  hif 
safety,  till  Monday  morning,  when  , 
they  sent  a  messenger  to  Bdfont,  ta  . 
inquire  the  cause  of  his  delay.  "  The 
information     there     received  wm, 
that  he  had  set  out  at  seven  o*ddck 
on  Saturday  evening,  and  being  uni*  ' 
ble  to  proaire  any  kind  of  carriage^ 
had  resolved  to  proceed  to  town  at 
foot.     Since  tliat  time,  the  peof^  at= 
Belfont  had    heard  no   intelligent  •- 
whatever    of  him.     This  circum- 
stance naturally  led  his  rdations  to 
conclude  thai  some  fatal  accident  b^ 
befjillen  him,  and  his  brother-in-law^ 
with  some  other  friends,  determtned 
in  consequence  to  set  out  in  seaitil 
of  him .     For  se\'eral  hours  they  con- 
tinued  in  vain  exploring   diflweflt*; 
parts  of  the  heath.     At  length  thcf  •  ^ 
discovered  at  a  short  distance.fiom,^ 
the  road  a  piece  of  blue  cloth.    Oil  . 
laying  hold  of  this,  they  found  it  to 
be  the  skirt  of  a  great  coat  burled  itt 
the  turf,  and  Avhich,  on  examu|^tionf  •: 
proved  to  be  the  same    that  Ifc  ! 
Steele  had   taken   with  .him  fiwn.^ 
home.     Proceeding  a  little  furtbeff  i 
they  saw  near  a  bush  a  soldier*s,ltttf 
and  examining  tlie  bush  with  can; 
they  perceived  a  quantity  of  bipod | '. 
this  appearance  led  them  reaaoiuUf 
to  conclude  that  murder  had  been 
committed  near  the  spotf  and  oft  : 
examining  tlie  bushes  minutdy^duf '. 
found  their  suspicions  unhappily  rfr* '! 
alized.    They  beheld,  beneath,  ti»  v 
shocking  spectacle  of  their  nmrdcioK.;.' 
relative,    nearly  covered  with.  A* -^ 
turf,  and  for  several  minutes  wcrs," 
lost  in  the  horror  of  the  scene.  I^p*  *■; 
inspection^  they  discovered  tbal  ^  , 

decetted 


'■a 


CHRONICLE. 


465 


ei  had  received  several  wounds 
:  top  and  on  the  back  of  the 
and  that  a  part  of  his  fore- 
bad  been  entirely  ctlt  away. 
.  his  neck  they  found  tied  a 
piede  of  belt,  by ^ which  it  is 
ea  he  had  been  strangled. 
ounds  on  the  head  appeared 
n  as  if  inflicted  witli  a  bayo- 
ind  this  circumstance,  as  well 
.  of  a  military  hat  having  been 
near  the  spot,  naturally  excite 
icion  that  tlie  horrid  deed  had 
perpetrated  by  two  soldiers 
"ere  seen  walking  across  the 
±e  same  evening.  The  pockets 
r  deceased  were  entirely  cut 
and  his  boots  and  hat  had  also 
arried  off. 

1.  Last  night  a  dreadful  acci- 
lappened  at  the  White  Bear 
-house,  in  Hounslow:  Mrs. 
the  landlady  of  the  house, 
;  sat  up  after  the  family  retired 
p,  at  a  large  lire  in  the  tap- 
for  the  purpose  of  entertain- 
»me  waggoners-  that  used  to 
iere>  a  soldier  who  was  quar- 
il  the  house  being  in  the  act 
nding  his  clothes,  snielt  some- 
bUrning,  and  called  out  to  tlie 

who  was  in  bed,  that  some- 
was  on  fire  j  on  which  he  ran 
into  the  tap-«room,  where  he 

Mrs.  Fish  stretched  on  the 
,  burnt  to  death,  and  thfc  few 
[ling  clothes  she  had  oh  all  on 
he  soldier  ran  out  and  alarmed 
n,  living  in  the  opposite  house, 
lunediately  came  with  him  to 
I  a  most  dreadful  sidit.  All 
Fish's  clothes  were  burnt  to  a 
,  even  her  stays  and  thick 
i  petticoat,  and  her  pockct- 
kvas  on  fire,  containing  several 
;  but  though  tliey  were  scorch- 
cre  was  not  one  burnt.  It  is 
5cd  the  unfortunate  woman 
L.  XLIV, 


had  been  standing  too  near  the  grate, 
when  her  clothes  caughi  fire,  thfe 
blaze  from  which  instantly  over- 
powered her. 

15th.  The  French  republic  has 
taken  possession  of  the  dominions  of 
the  late  duke  of  Parma,  who  died 
about  tlie  middle  of  last  month,  and 
formally  annexed  them  to  its  do- 
minions in  perpetual  sovereignty. 
The  Spanish  minister  at  Parma  has 
protested  against  this  step,  with  what 
prospect  of  success  it  is  not  difficult 
to  foresee. 

A.  gentleman  of  the  hanie  of 
Camp .  from  Northampton,  put  an 
end  to  his  existence  at  the  dan 
tavern,  Brighton,  witli  the  niost  con- 
firmed desperation  :  not  ap|)earing 
at  a  late  hour  of  the  day,  the  lancP 
lord  caused  the  chamber  dopr  to  be 
demolished,  when  the  unhappy  man 
was  discovered  hanging  by  his  neck- 
cloth from  the  lath  over  the  foot  of 
the  bed;  his  knees  resting  against 
the  foot  of  the  bed,  and  his  feet  on 
the  floor,  but  quite  dead  j  and,  from 
tlie  stiffness  of  the  jointSi  had. pro- 
bably been  so  for  many  hours,  it  ap- 
peared, from  the  lath  of  another 
bedstead  being  broken,  that  he  had 
first  made  the  attempt  to  destroy 
himself  there,  but  finding  it  too 
weak  for  his  purpose,  had  recourse 
to  this,  \Vhere  he  but  too  fatally 
succeeded.  The  coroner's  jury  sat 
on  tlie  body — verdict  Liuiacy. 

i6tJi.  Tlie  new  parliament  met 
tliis  day,  when  &Ir.  Abbott  was  re- 
chosen  speaker  of  the  house  of  com- 
mons without  opposition. 

igth.  On  Tuesday  sir  Richai*d 
Ford  issued  a  warrant,  and ,  Bivett, 
at  tiie  head  of  a  strong  party  of  the 
London,  Surrey,  and  Kent  patroles, 
proceeded  to  the  Oakley  Arms,  Oak- 
ley-street, Lambeth,  where  tliey 
found  col.  Dcspard  and  thirty-two  U- 
H  h  baann|[ 


466 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,     ISO?. 


boiiring  men  and  soldiers,  English, 
Irish,  and  Scotch,  the  whole  of 
whom  th«y  took  into  custody  >  on 
the  following  morning  they  were  all 
taken  before^  the  sitting  magistrates 
at  Union-hall. 

The    examination    lasted    eight 
hours  j  tlie  result  of  which  was,  that 
tilt  colonel  was   committed   to  the 
county  gaol ;    twelve  of   his  asso- 
ciates, six  of  whom  are  soldiers,  were 
sent  to  Totlnltields,   and  twenty  to 
the  New  Prison,  Cler  ken  well.   Yes- 
terday aflernoon,  colonel  Despard, 
heavily  ironed,  accompanied  by  his- 
wife,  and  one  of  tlie  soldiers,  was 
brought    to    lord    Pelham's  office, 
where  several  of  the  cabinet  minis- 
ters were  assembled.    He  underwent 
an  examination,  and  was  then  fully 
committed  to  Newgale,  for  seducing 
some  of  his  majesty's  guards  from 
their  duty  j  the  number,  however, 
who  have    been   seduced  does    not 
amount  to  more  tlian  ten.  No  proof 
has  yet  appeared  that  this  assembly 
had  succeeded  ir  propagating  tiieir 
treasonable  docirines  and  designs  to 
any  considerable  extent  j  but  their 
meetings  have  been  held  witli  great 
secrecy,  and  their  numbers  are  not 
contemptible.    In  the  Borough  there 
were  seven  divisions,  and  seven  sub- 
divisions ;    the   time    and  place   of 
their  meeting  were  kept  secret  till 
within  a  few  hours  of  their  assem- 
bling.    The  allarement  held  out  to 
the  soldiers  was,  that  great  sums  of 
money  were  expected  from  France, 
and    that    on    tiieir    aecouiplishing 
th(ur  object  they  would  l)e  provided 
for  life.     Among  the  j)aper3  found 
in  the   possession  of  the  prisoners 
were  seditious  toasts  aiid  songs  -,  one 
declaratory  of  certain  rights,  with  a 
copy  of  the  oath  taken  on  becoming 
a  member.     It  begins  with  *'  Con- 
stitutional independence  of  Ireland 


and  Great  Britain,  equalization  «f 
all  civil  rights."  Then  follows  an 
assurance  that  the  members  Iftilt 
unite  to  maintain  the  families  of  all 
tliose  heroes  who  may  fall  in  con- 
tending for  their  rights  5  and  thai 
runs  nearly  as  follows :  "  I  A.  B.  do 
hereby  swear  to  endeavour,  to  the 
utmost  of  my  power,  to  obtain  tbc 
objects  above  stated,  and  that  neither 
iears,  rewards,  nor  punishments* 
shall  compel  me  to  resign  those 
rights  and  privileges  which  the  Su-  ; 
preme  Being,  in  his  bountiful  good- 
ness, has  given  to  all  men ;  and  thst 
no  force  whatever  shall  induce  n»c 
to  give  information  in  the  busineal* 
So  help  me  G— d.** 

The  following  are  the-  names  of 
those  ^^'ho  were  committed  to  the 
ditierent  prisons  :  Newgate,  fidvaid"    ' 
Alarcus  EKfspard;  New  Prison,CleA-  ^ , 
enwcll,  J  Francis,  T.  Jackson,  aliai 
Phillips,  D.  M'Gce,  T.  Broughtoi*. 
E.  Ru.ssell,  J.  Price,  and  W.  Landecr  . 
Tothilfields  BrideweU,  J.  Wood,  J. 
Ganer,  T.  Newman,  J.  Conolly,  J.  S.    ' 
Wratten,    D.  Tindall,  C.  Dry^  J. 
Blake,  J.  Vincent,  P.  Pollard,   O. 
Byrne,  alias  J.  I^ambert,  J.  Doytei 
A.  Bailey,  T.  Chaffon,  L.  Sberida^f 
C.  Whichelow,    M.    0*N«fl/    Q. 
Wade,    S.  Smitli,  J.   Emblin>   a 
M'Carty,.  J.  Wheeler,  and  C.Pcndb. 
20th.  Fifteen  more  persons  ha«9 
been  tliis  day  committed  to<   dt^ 
ferent  pnsons,  charged  with  h\ffC 
treason,  making  the  whole  number 
now  confined  forty-eight. 

24th.  A  v^^ry  animated  debate 
took  place  in  the  house  of  conuBon 
on  the  subject  of  the  add^jess  tp  ^ 
king,  during  which  Mr.  AddingtOQ 
took  occasion  to  state,  that  his  WA^ 
jetty's  ministers  are  under  no  app»^ 
hensions  wiiatever  of  a  rupture  Y/i^ 
France,  and  tliat  the  furmanjcaU 
which  have  been  twice  act.oKLfyak. 


■hC 


y 


Chronicle. 


4m 


e  peace  were  solely  adopted 

ncans  of  security,  best  cal- 

to  preserve  tha  blessings  of 

Dutch  ship  the  Vryhcid,  from 
dam  for  the  Cape  and  Ba- 
lden with  stores,  and  having 
iiers  and  passengers  on  boaixi, 
5t  near  Hythe  :   only  twelve 

were  saved  !  It  appears  that 
s  of  450  persons  have  lost 
res  by  this  dreadful  event, 
vomen  were  thrown  ashore, 
bodies  were  perfectly  naked. 
ars  tliat  it  is  customary  with 

women  at  sea  to  undress 
Ives  in  time  of  danger. 
.  About  nine  in  the  morninofi 
Villiam  Codling,  late  of  the 
[venture,  condemned  to  death 
:rime  of  attempting  to  defraud 
derwriters,  by  scuttling  and 
rins:  to  sink  that  vessel,  was 
ted  out  of  the  gaol  of  Newgate, 
eed  to  the  docks  at  Wapping, 
he  was   to  be  executed  pur- 

0  his  sentence.  The  cart  was 
i  with  black  :  he  ascended  it 
:ucli  firmness  and  composure, 

1  the  way  was  devoutly  en- 
in  prayer.  He  was  accom- 
by  the  clerk  to  the  ordinary 

.•^gate.  The  convict  appeared 
bout  40  years  of  age,  of  mid- 
ture,  and  of  a  florid  and  pre- 
ling  countenance.  After  hang- 
e  usual  time,  the  body  was 
a  shell,  and  landed  at  Wap- 
•Jew  Stairs,  in  order  to  be  de- 
to  his  friends.  Tlie  banks 
river  were  tl) rouged,  and  every 
[  and  yard  of  the  ships  within 
f  the  CMecution  were  crowded 
pectators. 

1.  In  the  court  of  kin^2;'s  bench 
)n  named  Hamiyn,  a  tinman 
nouth,  was  brought  up  to  re- 
ientencCj  having  bcL-u  prose- 


cuted hy  the  attotney-gencral  fdr 
attempting  to  bribe  the  right  hon, 
Henry  Addington.  It  appeared  that 
the  defendant  having  received  in* 
formation  that  the  otfice  of  landing 
surveyor  at  Plymouth  wrfs  vacafnti 
wrote  to  Mr.  Addington,  offering  to 
give  him  2000/.  if  he  \i^ould  procure 
him  the  place,  and  proposing  to" 
enter  into  a  bond  to  any  amount  to 
keep  the  matter  secret.  The  defend- 
ant suffered  judgment  to  go  by  de- 
fault, and  the  court  sentenced  him 
to  be  imprisoned  three  months  in 
the  Marshalsea  prison,  and  to  pay  a 
fine  of  100/.  This  daring  attempt 
on  tlie  probity  of  tlic  minister  sterns 
to  have  originated  in  almost  idiot 
simplicity,  an  instance  of  which 
Mr.  Erskine  adduced  in  his  defence, 
which  was,  *'  That  qfte?-  the  infor- 
mation had  been  exhibited,  aiKl  the 
subpoena  was  served  on  him,  the 
moment  he  saw  tlie  parchment  with 
tlie  red  seal  upon  it,  he  concluded 
that  he  had  got  his  place." 

Died. — 27th.  At  Amsterdam, 
Samuel  David  Levy^  otherwise  Po- 
relintje,  noted  for  his  wandei'ings,  at- 
tlie  advanced  age  of  100  years,  2 
months,  and  27  days.  He  has  left 
behind  him  28  childien,  and  27 
gi'and  children.  He  preserved  Ml 
Ills  faculties  to  tlie  last  hour  of  his 
life.  It  is  not  a  little  singular  that 
jiis  mother,  Judith  David,  attaii^d 
the  age  of  105  years,  2  montlis,  a;icj 
26'  days.  Her  brother,  Jacob  Voa 
Ley  den.  died  upwards  of  109  years 
of  aoje,  and  in  his  hundredth  vear 
he  pei formed  a  journey  on  foot  from 
Leydea  to  Catwick  on  tlie  Sea. 


DECEMBER. 

1st.    At  the  Middlesex  sessions, 

John    Baptist,    a    foreigner,    was^ 

H  h  2  put 


468        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


put  to  xhr.  bar,   and  trird   for  fr- 
lonir)UMv  piiblisliin^  and  selling  va- 
r';iis  iml'cait  prints,  in  the  month 
of  Stpt«:iiil)€rlast. — Daniel  Bishup, 
^  pLfVu*  otfif.rr,  sta»Cfl,  that  on  the 
4tlj  day  of  Srptcnilxr,  he,  in  com- 
pany \^  ith  Robert  Gr.'iy,  another  of- 
fircr,  ir.ct  with  tJic  prisoner  at  the 
jVIrrmaid,  at  Harkney,  wh^^n,  after 
b(;me  comcr-ation,    the   defendant 
allowed    tlie   witness    some    prints 
wliich  lie  had  in  a  jjort- folio,  among 
which  were  about  two  doze:i  of  in- 
drcent  (tufr-i:     the  witness   bought 
i.\i)  of  t lie  letter,  which  he  paid  him 
hi\  shillii.'i^s  for.  Ihe  defendant  told 
Lini  it  woald  not  be  worth  his  while 
to  come  as  far  as  Hackney  for  the 
eli?ince  of  such  cu^>tomel^s,  if  lis  did 
jior  -erve  some  boarding-schools  in 
limt  n^.*i'^hhoiirli(Kjd ;  that  what   he 
h«id  s.olJ  him  for   six   shillings,   at 
tid''  •/  >,rhf,ols  he  could  have  had 
h.?ir  ;i  gurn-a  for.  Ihe  witness  asked 
^I'i'n  h(>.v  iir-  introduc'd  these  kind 
«••:"  prii:t  ir  The  dj'fendant  said,  tliat 
.'i'-  :»ljo'.vf''l  them  proper  prints,  when 
r!.^-  liidif  -)  asked  him  if  he  had   not 
i' mv  prints  of  game  I'lrds  '?  that  he 
^'.  nild    \\v  n  show  them  some;    but 
•he  i  idif's  said  they  wf^rr.  not  such  as 
i\/--  iiie.;p.t;  and   he  shov.cl  them 
tiich  as   \\\t\    defendant    had    now 
oroJi'dii  lu  them.     Gray  told  the  dc- 
t'i'Minl:   that  rapt.  Bnnvn,  a  friend 
o!  hi-.,  w. »  going  to  the  Ea.)t  Indies, 
-Jii-i  \\'\  harl   no  do'ibi  won  id  buy  a 
»i:;.jirity  (A'  I'im,    rnd   dt.vircd    the 
«i".tcMj(lafit  ionir(f   him   at  a  house 
y.\  Clii-v.-fril-stieet.  Gray  iiKt  the de- 
Jeiidaiit  i.r  ihe  phiCi  a].p'/nit'.,d  with 
;;:!';tii' r  o;.-i'.er,  wl^rn  Gray  repre- 
-r\\\t(\   ii ,   (  ij.t.   Vjvrjwn,    who   i^!so 
.'/rj^ht  ]/r':;ls   from   i[\(^  defendant. 
'i"i(.  prim.-)  \\  ere  produced  and  sworn 

Mr.  JV'I»  iiiwarinfTj  suirim'jd  up  the 
evid'jnc:-^  :ti-d  ih"  jury,  aller  a  shvrt 


consultation,  fonnd  the  prisonef 
guilty  of  selling,  but  not  of  pub- 
lishing ;  and,  on  account  of  his  good 
character,  recommended  him  to  the 
mercy  of  the  court.— He  was  in* 
St  anily  discharged. 

4th.  Citizen  OH veri,  a  physician 
from  Paris,  ascended  from  Orieans 
in  a  Moiitgolfier  balloon,  and  un- 
happily icli  a  victim  to  his  impro- 
dence.  He  disappeared  in  the  clouds 
in  less  tlian  three  mi nutcs,  and  his 
bod  V  was  soon  after  found  about  thre& 
miles  from  the  town.  I'he  balloon 
took  fire  in  tlie  air,  and  the  indiscreet 
aeronaut,  of  course,  fell  precipitately 
to  the  earth. 

At  the  Old  Bailey,  Francis  Fin]ay^ 
alias  captain  William  FooCe,  wa» 
tried  upon  the  capital  charge  of 
forging  and  uttering  the  same,  know* 
ing  it  to  be  forged,  a  certain  paper^ 
purporting  to  be  a  bill  of  ezchanse^ 
drawn  by  captain  W.  Foote,  of  uo 
royal  navy,  on  James  Sykes,  naf/ 
agent  of  Arundel-street,  uid  ao 
ccpted  by  him. 

This  case  was  very  short :  it  ap- 
peared that  the  prisoner  went  to  t. 
Mr.  Hcrnshaw,  a  watchmaker  in 
High  Holborn,  on  the  2(>th  of  Sq>- 
t  ember  last,  and  bespoke  a  gold* 
time-piece,  which  was  to  be  got 
ready  for  him  in  the  course  of  4 
w  eek,  and  for  which  he  agreed,  ta 
pay  sixty- live  guineas :  accordingly, 
on  the  Kith  of  October,  he  called 
again,  when  the  time-piece  being 
ready,  it  was  delivered  to  him,  and 
he  paid  for  it  widi  two  bill«,  one  rf 
which  was  that  laid  in  the  indict«<- 
ment.  So(;n  after  Mr.  Hernshav 
sent  the  bill  to  ^Ir.  Svkes,  when  it  ' 
was  in.-tnntlv  discurcred  to  be  a  for- 
gejy.  '1  he  next  day  (tliat  was  on 
the  /th  of  October)  the  prisoner  of-. 
fcred  the  time-piece  as  a  pledge  tot  . 
pawnbrokei  of  tlie  name  of  BurdoOr' 


y^ 


CHRONICLE. 


469 


\jrho  seeming  to  doubt  its  value,  the 
prisoner  produced  Hernshaw's  re- 
ceipt, and  in  consequence  of  Bur- 
don  intimating  tliat  he  would  advance 
the  money,  if  upon  inquiry  he  found 
it  to  be  of  that  value,  the  prisoner 
agi'eed  to  call  again  in  an  hour. 
Burdon  sent  to  Hernshaw's  in  tJie 
mt*an  time  ;  consequently  the  forgery 
was  detected,  ami  the  prisoner  on  his 
return  was  taken  into  custody. 

The  prisoner,  in  his  defence,  set 
up  the  plea  of  insanity  ;  but  not  be- 
ing able  to  produce  any  evidence  in 
support  thereof,  the  jury  pronounced 
Jiim  guilty. 

6ih.  Early  this  morning  the  cot- 
ton mill,  the  property  of  Mr.  Deni» 
son,  and  which  has  been  lately 
worked  by  Messrs.  Oars,  Stevens, 
and  CO.  situate  near  Penny-foot 
Stile,  Nottingham,  was  discovered 
to  be  on  fire,  and  notwitlistanding 
tlie  injmediate  alarm,  all  assistance 
was  useless,  and  in  two  liours  this 
beautifid  and  extensive  building  was 
reduced  to  a  mere  shell.  No  d< - 
scription  can  do  justice  to  the  terri- 
fic grandeur  of  this  spectacle.  ^Jlic 
building,  which  is  nearly  120  feet 
in  front,  and  six  stories  high,  stands 
insulated,  and  was  one  of  the  greatest 
ornaments  to  the  south  view  of 
Nottiugham,  In  one  Jioiu-  after  it 
was  di:^covered,  the  whole  of  this 
elegant  structure  was  a  prey  to 
this  devouring  element,  ()0  windows 
in  front  pouring  forth  colunms  of 
liame  and  combustible  matter,  so  as 
to  endanger  haystack'i  in  the  mea- 
dows at  a  (jaartcr  of  a  mile  distant  \ 
and  wlieu  liie  rcH-if  and  cu'j)ola  lell 
in,  the;  etiVct  on  o;^]y  l-c  cv)ij}{larcd 
to  a  volraiiicnuplioii.  Tlu'contiatt 
■of  tills  immense  and  widely  dilfused 
light  to  th-;  darkness  of  the  night, 
the  illumi nation  of  the  town,  castle, 
and  the  surrounding  village?-",  and  the 
visible  distinctness  of  the  iiicKst  dis- 


tant objects  in  the  landscape,  pro* 
duced  such  a  sublime  and  vivid  ef-^ 
feet,  as  it  v.  ould  be  as  vain  for  the 
pencil  to  <lelineate  as  the  pen  to  de- 
scribe. Fortunately  no  lives  were 
lost ;  and  we  hear  that  tJie  building 
and  property  were  insured,  though 
not  to  near  the  amount  of  tlie  mis-  . 
chief.  The  cause  of  tiiis  calamity 
is  unknown. 

/th.  Hatfield,  the  impostor,  hai 
been  taken  at  a  house  called  tJio 
Lamb  anil  Hav,  about  se^enteell 
miles  from  Swansea :  he  went  to 
Builth,  in  Brecknockshire,  on  the 
11th  ult.  and  at  the  inn  met  a  gen- 
tleman  of  the  tow  n,  to  whom  he 
had,  a  year  and  a  half  since,  made 
himself  known  as  a  captain  in  the 
na\y.  I'hey  spent  tlie  evening  in 
great  convi\iality  at  the  iim,  and 
Hatfield  prevailed  on  his  guest  to 
give  him  cash  for  a  bill  on  his  banker 
in  London.  In  the  morning  h(^  saw 
himself  advertisc'd  in  thepajurs,  and 
decamped  witliout  the  ceremony  of 
a  reckoninij. 

9th.  The  mail  from  Ireland,  ar- 
rived this  day,  brought  thf»  following 
accounts  of  a  dreadfid  itorm  and  in- 
undation in  that  countiy :  *'  Tl)e  tem- 
pesttious  weather  experienced  from 
Wednesday  night  till  late  on  Thurs- 
dayi,  together  with  the  lu^uy  and  un- 
inttrmittingrnin  during  that  periotlj 
have  produced  various  disastrous  oc* 
currences  near  the  metropolis.  At 
Ringsend,  the  bridge,  a  fabric  ap- 
parently of  very  solid  and  judicious 
construction,  has  yielded  /o  the 
Impetuous  ft>rce  and  accumulatfed 
weight  of  the  waters  3  the  centre 
arch  and  that  next  the  city  being  de- 
stroyed, excepting  so  much  on  tho 
.side  towards  the  docks  as  to  admit 
the  foot  p^sengers  ;•  but  as  the 
abutments  apjiear  to  h'ftVe  l>eeu'af« 
fected  in- tlieir  tbund^tion,  there- 
Hiainder  of  tlie  bridge  is  QoticcivcA 
H  h  3  ^  U 


470        ANNUAL  REGISTER,     1802. 


tg)  be  in  danger  of  complete  drstruc- 
tiou.     Last  niglit,  somewhat   after 
ten,  tbe  bridge  at    the  Coal-quay, 
which  for  several  centuries  resisteti 
many  tremeudous  assaults  from  the 
Liffc.y,  at  Icn-tli  submitted   to  tlie 
irriiiatible  impetus  of  that  river  and 
her  auxiliary  waters.  Providentially  no 
person  was  in  passage  at  the  moment. 
Two  of  the  arches  were  torn  from  the 
centre  before  eleven  o'clock,  and  by 
morning  the  remainder  was  nearly 
destroyed.     Watchmen    were    sta-? 
tioncd  on  both  sides  the  water,   to 
prevent  accidents.     The  bridges  of 
Lucan  and  Ceibridge  have  been  also 
destroyed.    Ihi.s  day  various  articles 
of  household  llirniture,  implements 
of  husbandry,  &c.  were  seen  floating 
down  the  river. 

*'  llie  paits  of  the  town  situate 
within  the  influence  of  the  Foddle 
stream  were  yc:sterday  inundatt-d  at 
an  ^rly  horn*,  to  a  considerable  depth, 
P'ltrick-street  and  its  vicinity  in  par- 
ticular. In  the  former  street,  se- 
veral boats  were  employed  til.  even- 
ing 5  and,  though  the  hihabitantshad 
anticipated  the  event  which  took 
place,  yet  they  have  sustained  serious 
injuiy,  from,  tbe  impracticability  of 
removing  the  entirti  contents  of  their 
stores  and  ce-lars.  I'he  flood  ex- 
tended to  New-street,  tbe  Coombc, 
Black  Pits  Cork- street,  &c.  and 
frightful  torrents  diverged  from  Pa- 
trick-sueet  into  Bride' s-alley.  Bull- 
alley,  and  the  other  lanes  lying  on  a 
similar  level.  Much  distress  was 
also  experienced,  though  not  in  the 
same  degree,  by  the  inhabitants  of 
ofht:r  parts  of  the  city.  1  he  Lower 
Castle-yard  was  rendered  impassable 
to  any  but  horsemen  and  elevated 
.carriages,  and  to  those  with  difli- 
r.ulty^  and  through  Palace-street  a 
torrent  rushed  across  Dame-street 
into  Crampton-cou^t,  which  caused 
c^s,  gingles,  &c.  to  ply  there  for 


hire :  in  that  immediate  iiei^bboitf*^ 
hood,  and  as  far  as  Collcge-greeDj 
the  kitchens  were  inundated  to  8 
considerable  depth,  and  similar  io'^ 
convenience  was  experienced  in  some 
degree  in  every  quarter  of  the  city  j 
but  to-day  the  inundation  has  en- 
tirely  subsided."  From  the  daily 
Marine  List,  published  by  the  sufi' 
veyors  of  Ringsend,  we  quote  the 
following  particulars : 

"  Friday,  Dec^  3,  Ni^ht  Tide. 
"  Wind  S.  S  E.  a  blowmg  storm. 
I^st  night  several  vessels  arrived, 
but  from  the  violence  of  the  storm 
no  boat  could  put  to  sea  to  hail  tbenoL 
The  Pro\"idence  and  Lid'ey,  from 
London,  have  slipped  their  cables; 
the  Governor  Picton,  lying  in  Pobl^ 
beg,  slipped  licrs  also,  and  ran  rxg 
the  river  for  safety.  Tliere  is  a 
ves.<-el  in  great  distress  at  the  point 
pfthe  North  Wall.'*  *         ,. 

^'  Mornbig  Tide,  Dec.  3. 
"  No  arrivals  this  morning.  Twa 
sloops  arrived  yesterday.     The  Sti 
Michael,  Roche,  of  Wexford,  and 
the  Industry^  Doran,   of  tlie   same 
port,  laden  with  malt,  are  both  sunk 
at  the  corner  of  the  North  Wall| 
the  crews  have  been  saved,  but  the 
cargoes  are  likely  to  be  lost.     Thfi^ . 
vessels  will  be  got  ojff."    After  meat 
tioning  the  destruction  of  the  fUngBr-* 
end  bridge,  the  List  further  s'taie^ 
that  '*  guns  were  heard  fired  iafllC 
bay  last  night,  as  from  some  vessel  19 
distress.     Nine  men  from  Bullock,^ 
supposed  to  be  cither  pilot  aiid  crew, 
or  fishermen,  went  out  to  give  assist? 
ancc5  but,    in  the  dangerous   am)    • 
humane  attempt,  we   are  sony  tq^ 
state,  every  soul  perished.*- 

1 0th.  In  the  course  ofa  trial  in  the 
court  of  king's  bench,  lord  ^llear 
borough  laid  down  a  very  important 
doctrine,  viz.  that  no  witnesss  shalt 
Ve  bound  to  answer  any  questioq. 

w)ii^ 


CHRONICLE.  47^ 

I  tends  to  degrade  himself,  or  ground   resisted  Hf  maintenance  j 

►w  him  to  be  infamous.     This  but   as  it  was    born    within    nine 

ne   was  very  warmly  ccmtro-  months  of  the  time  Mrs.  T.  had  sc- 

l  by  Mr.  Erskine,  as  contrary  peratcd  from  her  husband,  tlie  jury 

ctice^  buthis  lordship  affirmed  gave  a  verdict  for  the  plaintiff  for 

)e  the  law  of  England.  Mty  pounds. 

h.    Five  women  were  lately        A  letter  from  St.  Domingo  gives 
at  Patna,    in  Hindostan,    on  the  following  dieadful  account  of 
ts  of  sorcery,  and  being  found  die    mode  of  warfare   carried    on 
,  were  put  to  death.     The  go-  in  that  devoted  inland : — "  I   have 
r-general,  on  being  informed  now  been  several  weeks  here,  and 
circumstance,  ordered  all  the  witnessed   scenes  <5f  the  most  tic- 
pal  persons  who  composed  the  plorable  calamity.    I  have  seen  three 
als   to    be  npprehended^  and  or  400  blacks,  whom  the  fortune  of 
ned  before  the  circuit  court  of  war  had  thrown  into  the  hands  of 
,  on  charges  of  the  murder  of  the  French,  put  oil  board  an  old  crazy 
women,  and  the  court  adjudged  vessel,  ordered  out  to  sca^,  and  after' 
to  suflfcr  death.     It  appeared,  having  been    scuttled,  sunk,  when 
/er,  that  this  custom  had  pre-  all    the   mi<*erable    Wretches    were 
time  immemorial;  several  of  consigned  to  the  bottom.  The  blacks 
tnesscs  remembered  numerous  inflict  on   their  prisoners  the   same 
ces  of  persons  having  been  put  summary  punishment  as  that  adopt- 
tli  by  the  Brahmins  for  sorcery,  ed  by  the  French  troops.  Many  are 
me    of  them,    in    particular,  therefore  killed  in  cold  blood,  some 
^  that  his  own  mother  had  been  have  been  drowned,  and  some  starved" 
and  executed  as  a  witch  3  the  to  death/' 

ament,  therefore,  pardoned  tlie  14th.  As  Miss  F.  Tebbutt  was 
[ers ;  but  to  prevent  the  recur-  rctm-ning  home  to  Kegworth,  in 
of  circumstances  so  disgrace-  Leicestershire,  from  her  mother's 
humanity,  a  proclamation  has  house,  a  short  distance  from  thence^ 
issued,  declaring  that  any  one  she  was  robbed,  treated  in  a  most 
:ig  >a  tribunal  for  the  trial  of  inhuman  manner,  and  left  upon  the 
IS  charged  with  witchcraft,  or  highway  to  languish  the  remainder 
;  or  encouraging  in  any  act  to  of  the  night.  She  was  found  in  this 
e  such  persons  of  life,  shall  be  shocking  state  early  the  next  morn- 
id  guilty  of  murder,  and  sufler  ing,  and  every  exertion  to  recover 
iialty  attaclied  to  ihat  offence,  her  proved  ineffectual,  as  she  died  a 
tlie  courl  of  common  pleas  an  few  hours  afterwards, 
was  brouglit  against  the  hon.  The  Court  Calendar  for  the  en- 
rwisleton,  by  a  woman  who  suing  year  has  enumerated  Bona- 
urscd  tlie  child  of  his  wife. —  parte  amongst  the  sovereigns  of  Eii- 
ious  question  of  law  arose  as  rope;  and  in  the  curiTnt  specifica* 
:  admissibility  of  the  evidence  tion  of  each  monarch's  birth,  &c, 
ts.  Twislcton,  who  had  been  states  that  he  was  born  on  the  15th 
:ed.  Jt  was  rejected  by  lord  of  August  1/60,  and  "began  to 
ley.  It  appeared  that  the  de-  reign"  the  15th  of  December  179O. 
nt  had  reason  to  suspect  that  The  Spanish  frigate  Juno,  of  34 
lild  was  not  his,  and  on  that  guns,  having  on  board  100,000  dol- 

H  h  4  larS;, 


472       ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1802. 


lars,  was  lost  onl'^her  passagie  from 
Porto  Rico  to  Cadiz.  Tlie  Favourite 
schooner,  Potirland,  from  Madeira 
for  Boston,  fell  in  with  the  Juno, 
in  lat.  36,  40.  long.  67,  16.  Her 
captain,  don  Juan  Ignacio  £ostillos, 
informed  Mr.  Pourland  that  she  was 
in  great  distress,  and  that  the  water 
gained  so  flist,  that  their  utmost  ex- 
ertions were  necessary  to  keep  her 
iiee :  he,  at  the  same  time,  re- 
quested that  the  Favourite  would 
continue  in  company  until  he  could 
inake  land,  and  received  on  hoard 
three  officers  and  four  marines. 
Kothii'.g  occurred  for  four  days, 
when  it  blew  a  heav>'  gale  from  the 
N.  W.  when  Mr.  P.  observed  sigr 
nals  for  abandoning  the  frigate,  and 
for  the  Favourite  to  run  as  near 
as  possible  under  her  lee.  Tlie 
Spaniards  waved  their  handkerchiefs, 
and  seemed  in  tlie  utmost  confusion. 
At  nine  o* clock  in  tlie  morning  the 
mainmast  went  over  her  side,  and 
her  foremast  fell  alternately  from 
side  10  side.  Every  etfort  was  made 
by  the  Favourite  to  afl[ord  her  assist- 
ance, but  in  vain.  A  heavy  fog  en- 
sued, and  continued  half  an  hour  : 
when  it  cleared  away^  the  frigate  Was 
no  longer  to  be  seen.  There  were 
413  persons,  including  wpiuen  and 
children,  on  board,  all  of  whom 
perished. 

Since  the  jear  1800,  Denipark 
has  t  uilt  694  merchant  vessels,  eip-: 
plov'ng  4928  seamen,  and  Korway 
S3 7  J  and  74  new  ships  were  built 
in  the  Danii^h  states  last  yctir, 

2ist.  In  the  common  pleas  an 
activon  was  brongLt  by  (iill  against 
Hoo^rrto  recover  the  half  of  a  .share 
pf  a  lottery  ticket  that  had  been 
p-jichosed  by  the  plaintifl's  wile,  in 
pnrtncrr.hip  with  the  defendant.  It 
sppf-^arcd  that  Mr  Hogg  was  the 
h-r-    cousin   to  tlic  plaintiff's  wife. 


and  used  to  go  frequeBtly  to  tIA 
her  at  her  house,  when  her  husband 
was  not  at  home.    During  one  of 
those  visits,  he  expressed  an  in  ten-. 
tion  to  buy  a  ticket  in  the  lotteiy, 
and  requested  Mrs.  Gill  to  procure 
it  for  him,  promising  her  half  the 
advantage,  if  any  should  arise.  Mrs. 
Gill  went  to  tlie  office  of  Swif^  and 
CO.    in   the    Poultry',    taking    the 
youngest  of  her  children  with  heir, 
for  die  purpose  of  choosing  the 
number.    Hie  child     imme£ately 
pitched  on  23,824,  which  Mrs.  Gill' 
bought   a  sixteenth    of,    and  pa14 
eleven  shillings  for,  part   of  wnidi  ■ 
was  her  own  money,  and  part  the. 
defendant's.  This  ticket,  which  ba^ 
been  the  choice  of  the  child,  fbrta* 
nately  came  up  a  prize  of  10,OOOliL 
The    defendant  immediately   went 
with  tfec   share   to    Swift's   oflice^ 
where  it  was  purchased,  and  received  - 
a  check  upon  Moffat  and  co.  batikersTf 
for  537/.  10s.  which  was  paid  into, 
his  hands  by  the  clerk.     He  thai 
applied  to  a  sto<:!k-broker,  and  boQ^jt* 
750/.  three  per  cent,  stock,  in  nb. 
own   name,   and   appropriated  tlje 
whole  of  the  money  to  his  own  lisCi 
At  this  time  the  plaintiff  knew  no- 
thing of  the  mattier.  His  wife,  firom 
private   motives,    eloped  from  hi^ 
house,  and  was  away  with  her  chil- 
dren three   months  before  he  kneixr 
where  she  was :  he  then  found  Aef 
in  the   house  of  the  defendant,  at 
Hoxton,  where  slie  had  been  IiTing 
since  she  left   him«   in  a  xnapnef 
he  conceived  to  be  extremely  injo-- 
rious  to  his  reputation  and   crediti 
He  was  induced,  however,  to  reccivd'" 
her  again  into  his  abode,  at  the  re- 
quest of  his  friends,  and  then  founc| 
out  the  aiFair  of  tlie  Jolteiy  ticket^ 
with  other  circumstances  that^occa- 
sioned  him  to  believe  the  defendant 
had  been  li\ing  hi  adultery  with  hn 


wife 


•\ 


CHRONICLE.  47» 

wHc.     He    therefore  brought  the  the  scjduction  of  htskwife ;  %a    i  ap- 

present  action  to  recover  iier  joint  pearmig,  after  a  trial  of  nine  liourv 

share  in  the  lottery  ticket,  prepara-  that  there  was  not  the  least  reason  for 

tory  to  another  action  of  a  different  such  an  allegation,  the  jury  retumei 

nature.  a  verdict  in  favour  of  the  defendant. 

Mrs.  WardeL  a  witness,  said  she  The    following  list   is   «xtractc4 

was  present  when  Mrs.  Gill  entered  from  the  catalogue  of  the  Frendw' 

into  an  engagement  with  the  dc-  towns,  given  at  tlie  head  of  the  Aj/f^: 

fendant  to  receive  the  joint  advan-  nuaires,   published  at  Paris  for  tfii 

tage   arising  from  -any  ticket  they  year  1 1  of  the  republic, 

might  purchase  5    and   was  certain  Souls, 

that  the  plaintiff  did  not  know  where  Paris     -      -     -      -.    672,000 

his  wife  was,  while  she  was  in  tlie  Marseilles     -     -     *•     108,00J 

defendant's  house:  Lyons     -     -     -    •-     102,000 

Frances  Smith  was  a  servant  to  Eourdeaux     -    -     -     104,003 

the  plaintifTs  wife.     She  knew  that  I.isle     -----     6(5,761 

her  mistress  had  bought  the  ticket  j  Brussels     -     -     -     -     66,(XO 

but  she  stated  that  the  defendant  had  Antwerp     -    -    -     -    56,37^ 

given  her  the  money  for  that  pur-  Ghent      -      -      -     -     56,651 

pose.     Upon  her  cross  examination  Toulouse      -      -      •     52,6i:2ft 

it  appeared  she  had  been  promised  a  Amiens      -     -     -     -     40,000 

new  gown  by  her  mistress,  when  she  Nismes     -      -     -     -     40,QG0 

heard  from  the  defendant  that  the  Bruges     -     -      -     -     36,000 

tickethad  come  up  a  prize  of  10,000/.  Monti^eiUcr     -     -     -     32,8^C| 

Upon  tlie  whole,  it  appeared  that  the  Qien    -----     34,805 

plaintift*'s  wife  had  jointly  purcha^ied  Dunkirk     -     -    -     -     26,255 

the  ticket  with  the  defendant.  Dieppe     -     -      -      -     25,00a 

Lord  Alvanley  considered  her  as  Brest   -----     24,1  SCI 

having  acted  as  the  agent   of  her  I /Orient     -    -    -     -     22,3  IS 

husband ;  but  he  left  the  cause  for  Besanc<m     -    •    -    -     25,32S  , 

the  'juiy    to   decide   upon   ns   they  Grenoble     -    -    -    -     20,01C> 

should   think  fit,  begging  of  them  Versailles    -    -    -    -     -30,09"J 

to  erase  from  their  minds  any  pre*  Rochefbrt      -   -  -       -    ,28,8/4 

judice  which  they  might  have  im-  Toulon     -      -     .-     -     19,00O 

bibed  from  the  representation  of  the  Dijon    -    -     -     -     -     20,76(1 

defendant's  conduct,  in  violating  the  Falaise       -      -     -  . -v    J4,06^ 

conjugal  happiness  of  the  plain tiiJ— a  Luneville      .      -       -     11,691 

circumstance   he    considered   quite  Cherbourg     -      -      -     10,031 

foreign  to  the  present  cause,  as  it  was  Calais  -----       6,54]) 

the  subject  of  a  fiiture  action.-  Aries     -----     20,00CI 

Verdict   for   the    plaintiiF.     Da* 

4na2;es  half  the  prize.                        '  The  population  of  each  town,  m- 

Thc    same   plaintiff  immediately  eluded  in  the  vast  circumference  of 

after  this  decision  sought  by  another  the  French  republic,  is  set  downing 

action  to   recover   damages  against  table  which  occupies  several  pages  ^ 

the  same  defendant  for  the  injury  but  it  is  eyident,  even  from  this  al>-: 

which  he  alleged  the  defendant  was  stiact  front  it,  that  the  population  tj^ 

li»^  means  of  his  having  sutfered  by  u:mny  of  them  is^iven  by  guess^  ap^ 


474  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  180?. 

not  from  actual  enumeration.     It  is  by  representing    him  as  a    penoa 

««up»x)srd    that   the    population   of  careless  of  his  wife's  honour.     How 

Faris   is   over-rated,    and  that   th«  this  sort  of  defence  had  been  made 

attual  nunilv?r  of  inl)abitam.s  does  cut  on  the  part  of  the  defendant^  it 

not  exceed  500,0(X) :  but,  bt;  tJrs  as  would  Ixj  for  the  jury  to  say,   aad 

it  may,  wr»  may  assure  ourselves  tliat  whether,   in  gravely  considering  it, 

•s  the  French  governm'nt  has  de-  they  would  not  be  of  opinion  that  he- 

Vftted  its  atifrntion  lo  tiiis  subject,  had  materially  aggravated  his  cnme 

each  ytcS  wiU  bring  tliis  catalogue  by   the  imputation.      It  would  be 

nearer  tlicr  truUi.  AVhy  may  not  our  worthy    their     consideration,    that 

almanac .  contain  an  account  of  the  when  the    plaintiff  committed  his 

population  of  each  city  and  town  in  wife  to  the  guardianship  of  his  6iend, 

the  united  kingdom  ^  he  then  conceived  him  to  be  a  pet- 

24di.  An  action  was  brought  in  son  in  whom  the  springs  of  grief 

*he  court  of  king's  bench,    before  were  open,  and  one  who  was  inc*^- 

lord  Eilcnl)o:ough  and  a  special  jury,  able  of  receiving  consolation  for -the 

IJngham  again^^t  Hunt,  ior  criminal  loss,  a  recent  one  too,  of  a  beloved 

conversation  with  the  plantiff's  wife,  wife,  at  a  time  of  all  oth^s  whea 

attended     with     circumstances     of  such  a  loss  was  most  to  be  daplored, 

peculiar  aggravation,  the  substance  the  lady  dying    in   child-bed.      In 

of  which  may  be  l^est  collected  from  looliing  at  the  evidence,  which  was  • 

the  masterly  and  impressive  view  of  too  recent  in  die  recollection  of  the 

the  subject  taken  l)y  tlie  chief  jus-  jmy^  ^^*  lordship  confessed  that  he 

tice  on  summing  up  the  evidence,  could  not  find  one  observation  which 

His  lordship  ob-erved  tliat  the  pre-  could    benefit    the    defendant.     In 

sent  was  a  case  which  demanded  the  tliis  view  of  the  case  he  saw  no  rea- 

most  serious  attention  of  the  jury,  son  to  induce  him  to  restate  the  evi- 

Ihe,  cny.e  was  one  Avhich  complained  dence.     It  was  for  tlie  jury  to  say 

that  the  plaintiff  had  been  deprived  what  part  of  the  damages  laid  in  tl^ 

of  every  thing  which  could  tend  to  declaration    was  equivalent    to   the 

render  his  situation  in  life  desirable,  injiuy  which  tlie  plaintiff  had  rfr* 

He  had  last  a  beloved  wife,  and  bis  ceived. 

diild  a  parent,  the  only  guajdian  of        1  he  jur}',  without  turning  round, 

its  lender  years.     It  stood,  then,  a  found  a  verdict  for  the  plaintiff;  da- 

casc    peculiarly     aggravated  ;     and  mages  to  the  full  amount  as  laid  in"' 

whitrh  in  tact  had  been  admitted  by  the  declaration,    being — frv^  than- 

the  deiendaiit's  own  letter.     How  S3nd  pounds. 

much  iTiore  .^o  would  it  then  be  by         The    court     was    unoooononly 

the  defd.ce  now   first    introduced,  crowded,  and  the  audience  evinced. 

and  which  hid  totally    failed.      It  their  satisfaction  at  the  vordict  bf. 

vonld  have  l>tn  well  if  he  had  still  numerous  testimonies  of  approbation. 
ccntiiiutd  by  the  avowal  of  that  let-        28th.  A  man  of  the  name  pf  Mat^ 

ttv^  and  have  instructed  his  learned  thews,  who  has  for  tjbe  test  twen^ 

counsel,  so  well  fitted  for  an  address  years  of  his  life  resided  in  a  cave  OT; 

to  the  feelings  of  a  jury,  to  have  ex-  hermitage  on  the  borders  of  Sydcn*, 

seised  his  ingenuity  in  palliation  of  ham-ex)mmon,   near  Dulwich,  an4-. 

the  (Q      ice.    He  had  attempted  to  who  from  his  recluse  life  was  called 

nim  of  estimation  in  society^  theMan  of  tlie  Woods,  and  sonietime% 


CHRONICLE. 


4as 


ulwicfa  Hermit^  was  this  inorn- 
und  murdered  near  his  Hermit'* 
he  had  severe!  severe  contu^ 
on  his  head,  and  hi»  jaw-bone 
n  in  two  places. 
lis    unfortunate    man,    about 
years  since,  went  to  reside  at 
ich;,    working   as    a  gardener 
be  gentlemen  in  that  hamlet, 
ten  had  a  wife  of  whom  he  was 
mely  fond,    and  an  only  and 
ving    daughter,    who  is  since 
ed  to  a  tradesman  of  respec- 
ty  in    the    city    of    London, 
ity-eight  years  since  his  wife 
His  former  habitation  became 
y  and  urpleasant  without  her 
:y,  and  he  then  formed  the  de- 
te  resolution    of    quitting,   as 
I  as  it  was  possible  a  working 
could  do,  the  social  converse  of 
^orld^  for  that  purpose  he  soli- 
,  and  obtained,   the  permission 
le  master  and  wardens  of  Dul- 
college,  who  are  lords  of  the 
>r  and  waste,  to  dig  a  cave,  and 
over  it  a  but,   on  tliat  part  of 
nanor  abutting  in  the  rear  on 
:ollege  wood,  and  in  front  on 
nham  common.     He  made  to 
ad  walls,  and  covered  it  with 
furze,  and  brakes,  such  as  the 
non  afforded.       n  this  situation 
)ntinucd  to  live  fur  near  tvvcnty- 
;  years,  working  at  his  ti'adc  of  a 
,ng  gardener .»    About  five  years 
',    having   been     at    Dulwich, 
•e  he  had  changed  some  gold,  he 
followed  by  some  i-uffian  gipsies 
his  cave,  who  beat  him  so  se- 
y  that  they  broke  his  arm,  and, 
ng  him  for  dead,  took  all  the 
ey  he  had,  which  was  not  more 
125'.     W  h'lle  his  arm  was  under 
,  he  took  dislike  to  his  old  resi- 
e,  in  which  temper  he  continued 
about    twelve    months,    when, 
y  of  common  and  social  inter- 


I 


course,  and  panting  to  return  to  hit  ' 
former  mode  of  life,  he  agaili  ob- 
tained permission  to  construct  a  new 
hut  and  cave,  the  former  being  dila- 
pidated by  the  gipsies  :  there  he  re- 
mained till  the  day  of  his  death,  ejcr. 
cept  when  he  followed  his  avocations,^ 
or  went  into  tlie  villages  adjacent  for 
a  supply  of  food  :  on  the  latter  oOr, 
casion  he  would  sombtimcs  take  a 
pot  of  porter,  for  he  never  called  for 
less,  or  drank  more  at  one  time.  , 
Jn     sununer    time,    and    in    fine 
weather,  several  persons  from  town    , 
used  to  make  parties  to  see  the  Wild 
Man  of  the  Woods,  as  he  was  called. 
When  they  came,  they  were  sur- 
prised to  find  tliis  wild  man  courte- 
ous  for  one  of  his    station,  mild, 
gentle,     and    unassuming,     always 
offering  his  visitors  a  little   of  his 
small  beer,   as,  he  would  observe, 
they  must  be  a-dry,  coming  so  far 
to  see  the  old  man  ;  for  this  courtesy 
he  was  generally  pretty  well  recom- 
penced  by  his  visitors,  which  led  to 
the  belief  that  he  must  be  in  pos- 
session   of  money,  which   he  had 
hoarded  up.    It  was  donl^tless  under 
this   idea    that    the    villains    who 
committed  the  atrocious  act  wer^ 
prompted  to  it. 

SOtii.  As  one  of  the  labourers  em- 
ployed in  tlie  laboratory  at  Apothe- 
carieg-hall  was  charging  witli  oil  of 
vitiiol  a  glass  retort,  by  some  inat- 
tention it  was  thrown  over  the  man's  • 
face;  in  consequence  of  which  he 
was  immediately  blinded,  and  his 
lorehead  and  cheeks  vesicated.  For- 
tunately for  the  sufferer,  aether  was 
instantly  applied,  and  a  constant  . 
stream  of  air  kept  up  by  means  of  4 
pair  of  bellows,  which  in  the  course  ' 
of  half  an  hour,  by  its  astonishing 
production  of  cold,  relieved  him  en- 
tirely of  pain,  and  by  a  continual  ap-? 
plication  of  it^  for  one  hour  and  4 

half 


476        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


half  longer,  tlic  bladdrrs  were  coin- 
J5letely  reduced,  k*a\inj^  the  liicc  only 
swelled  wilh  a  «en?>aii<">n  of  stiri'ness 
oil  tlie  skin,  'thu  whole  quantity 
used  was  from  a  pint  and  a  half  to  a 
quart.  This  is  a  s(C(;nd  instance  of 
the  wonderful  ellicacy  of  a'lher  ;  it 
has  also  been  found  highly  bencliciol 
in  burns  and  scalds. 

A  nuitiny  lately  broke  out  on  board 
the  Gibrahar  of  84  guns,  which  sailed 
frt)ni  tlifi  al)ovc  place  to  JMalta  in 
company  with  the  Superb,  Dragon, 
and  Triumph  men  of  war :  bOon 
aftt-r  sailintc  the  crew  mutinied,  and 
took  possession  of  tlie  sliip,  and  tlien 
fjhe  was  run  up  the  slcrn  of  the  other 
■  ships,  the  cn*w  cheering;  but  this 
signal  not  being  answered,  the  crews 
of  the  other  ships  retaiuii/^  their 
loyMlly  and  discipline,  the  mutineers 
became  panic  struck,  and  were  then 
frnsily  reduced  by  the  olficers,  who 
Ix'haved  moht  gallantly.  'Ihering- 
lcad('rs  v.ere  immediately  secured, 
and  three  of  tjiem  w  ere  executed. 

Djkt). — 2Jd.  At  Hanvich,  John 
^Robinson,  esq.  in  the  seventy-sixth 
year  of  his  age.  He  wasl)f)rn  at  Apple- 
by, and  for  which  at  an  early  period 
oi"  his  life  he  was  elected,  through 
tlie  inllucnce  of  lord  I^msdale,  then 
sir  Jcimcs  Lowthcr,  and  member  for 
>iis  native  county,  Westmoreland,  and 
which  he  ri'prcsented  in  two  sue- 
ressive  parliaments.  In  1/74  he 
"was  clecte^l  member  for  the  borough 
of  Harwich,  for  which  he  has  been 
.six  times  re-(?lected,  and  which  he 
rontmued  to  represent  till  his  death, 
when  he  was  nearly  the  oldc;st  mem- 
l^.T(,fthc  house  of  commons.  His 
:K:tive  talents,  indefatigable  industry, 
skill  in  business,  knowledge  of  man- 
^Lind,  and  easy  adJi'es.s,  recom- 
^Tiended  him  to  lord  N<>rtii  as  a  ])ro- 
iftrV  person  to  fill  the  arduous  and 
jprpcilanl  cilice  cf  ^tx^retary  to  th*^ 


treasury,  which  fee  continoet!  to  hoU 
till  the  termination  of  tliat  noble 
lord's  administration,  i^'ben  Mr. 
Robinson  tietired  with  a  pension  of 
1000/.  per  ann.  In"  1788  he  was  ap- 
pointed l^  tlie  late  minister,  Mr. 
Fiit,  to  the  lucrative  office  of  snr- 
veyor-general  of  his  majesty's  wooiii 
and  forests,  which  he  held  till  liiii 
death.  When  a  young  man,  he 
marriexl  Miss  Crowe,  of  Barl>adoe8, 
by  whom  he  hac^  one  child,  a  daugh- . 
ter,  who  was  married  to  the  earl  of 
Abergavenny,  and  died  six  yean. 
befon  him,  leaving  six  children,  to  , 
whom,  and  their  noble  father,  Mrli* 
Rol)inson  has  bequeathed  the  bulk 
of  his  property.  Few  men  have 
been  more  indebted  to  tlxeir  talents 
and  indastry  than  Mr.  Robinson^ 
eitJier  for  their  own  derivation  or  the 
promotion  of  their  connections.-  He 
was  a  warm  friend  and  zealous  pa- 
tron,  liberal  benefactor,  and  kind 
master,  and  has  left  many  to  lamen^' 
his  deatli  who  were  raised  by  bis  in- 
fluence and  supported  by  bis  bounty.] 


EIRTHS  in  the  Year  1802. 

Jan.  3d.  In  Upper  GrosvenoT- 
strect,  the  lady  of  the  hon.  Geom 
Villiers,  a  daughter. 

6'tli.  At  Harewood-house,  co, 
York,  the  hon.  Mrs,  York,  a  son. 

J2tli.  The  lady  of  the  hon.  aqd 
rev.  Pierce  Meade  (brother  of  th^  ' 
earl    of    Clanwilliam),      youngciti 
datightei   of  tlie   bishop  l3romorej 
a  son. 

The  hon.  Mrs.  Barnton,  jun.  a 
son. 

23th.  In  Wimpolc-street,  the. 
lion.  Mrs.  ])ouglas,  a  son.  • 

'J  he  wife  of  capt.  Thilip  Co^dj- 
hc;r  seventh  son. 

]4lh. 


^ 


CHRONidLfe. 


477 


14th.  In  Dean-strett,  Soho,  the 
lady  of  sir  Edward  Knatchbuil^  bait, 
a  son  and  heir. 

19th.  Lady  A.  M.  Cotton,  daugh- 
ter of  the  dutchess  of  Newcastle, 
a  son  and  heir. 

2Q\h.  In  Harley-street,  the  wife 
of  William  Gore  Langton,  esq. 
M.  P.  tor  the  co.  of  Somerset,  a 
son. 

30th.  At  Drum-house,  near  Edin- 
burgh, lady  Mary  Hay,  a  daughter. 
•  Mrs.  King,  the  lady  of  die 
American  minister,  a  son. 

In  Manchester-square,  the  lady 
of  sir  Henr)'-  Lambert,  bart.  a  son. 

The  countess  of  Sefton,  a  daugh- 
ter. 

Feb,  8th.  At  Rose-castle,  the 
lady  of  the  bishop  of  Carlisle,  a 
daughter,  being  her  13th  child. 

18th.  At  Bushy-park,  Mrs.  Jor- 
dan, a  son. 

At  Castlemartyr,  in  Ireland,,  the 

lady  of  lord  Eoyle,  a  son  and  heir. 

At  Limerick,  the  lady  of  sir  John 

Murray,  bart.  of  the  40'tli  foot,  a 

daughter. 

In  Dublin,  the  wife  of  sir  Robert 
Hodgson,  bnrt.  a  son  and  heir.  The 
hon.  Mrs.  Howard,  a  son. 

March  3d.  At  Edinburgh,  the 
hon.  Mrs.  Col.  Cameron,  of  Lochiel, 
a  daughter. 

15  th.  In  Pall-mall,  Jady  Stirling, 
a  son. 

iGth.  At  his  lordship  s  house  in 
Privy-gardc-ns,  lady  Shcifield,  a  son. 
l/th.  At    Masseylodge,  in  ire- 
land,   the   lady   of  lord  Massey,    a 
daughter. 

At  Holland-house,  lady  Holland, 
a  son. 

18th.  At  Armathwaite,  co.  of 
Cumberland,  the  lady  of  sir  F.  b\ 
Vane,  bart.  M.  P.  for  Carlisle,  a 
daughter. 

At  his  lord.'hip'.-j  house  in   Port- 


land^place,    lady    Newborough,    a 
son  and  ?»cir. 

19th.  At  Vienna,  the  hon.  lady 
Webb,  a  daughter. 
.  24th.    At  Clapham,  Surrey,  ladjr 
Teignmouth,  a  daughter. 

25th.  In  Great  Cumberland- 
street,  the  wife  of  John  Angers tein^ 
esq.  M.  P.  a  daughter. 

26th.  The  lady  of  sir  William 
Elliot,  ofStobbs,  a  son. 

At  Escot,  Devon,  the  lady  of 
sir  John  Kennaway,  bart.  a  son. 

18th.  At  Moreton,  co.  Dorset, 
lady  Harriet  Frampton,  a  son. 

30th.  At  Pixton,  co.  Somerset^ 
lady  Porchester,  a  son. 

April  4th.  In  Portland-place,  the 
wife  of  Thomas  Tyrwhitt  Jones, 
esq.  M.  P.  a  sbn. 

At  Rcdbum,  co.  Lincoln,  tlief 
lady  of  lord  William  Beauclerk^  k 
daughter. 

5th.    At  Little    Aston-hall,   co. 

Statford,  lady  Grey,  a  son  and  heir. 

18tli.    At  his  lordship's  house  in 

Hill-street,    Berkeley- square,    lady 

Morpeth,'  a  son  and  heir. 

27di.  In  Bolton-row,  viscountess 
Chet\i7nd,  a  daughter. 

Lately,  at  the  scat  of  James 
Mann,  esq.  at  Linton-place,  Kent, 
the  wife  of  col>  Rochford,  daughter 
of  sir  Horatio  INIann,  a  son  and  heir. 
Lady  Frances  Vandeleur,  a  daugh* 
ter. 

May  4th.  At  Uffington,  near 
Stamford,  co.  Liucoln  ;  Lady  Flud- 
yer,  a  daughter. 

8th.  At  Osterley-park,  the  coun* 
tess  of  Westmoiiand,  a  son. 

In  Conduit-street,  lady  France* 
Moreton,  a  son  and  heir. 

14tii.  In  ^cmer5>et-place,  lady 
Louisa  Rodik*}',  a  son. 

l()th.  At  Bayf(>rdbun^  IlcrtJ?, 
the  wife  of  William  B^keY;  Csq. 
M.  P.  a  Kon. 


4T8        ANNUAL   KtGl&'ftt,  180^. 


20th.  Lady  Kensington,  a  son. 

24th.  In  Park-street,  the  lady  of 
fir  Thomas  Barret  Lennard,  bart. 
a  son. 

Lately,  in  Dublin,  the  lady  of  sir 
Kichard  Steel,  hart,  a  son  and  heir. 

Latfly,  the  wife  of  Alexander 
KatcliHie,  of  Blackleach,  in  Sad- 
dle worth,  CO.  Salop,  three  sons, 
baptized  Abraham,  Isaac,  and 
Jacob  J  all,  with  the  mother,  likely 
to  do  well.  The  mother  is  herself 
a  twin,  and  has  been  before  de- 
livered of  twins. 

J//7ZC' 4th.  At  his  lordship's  house 
in  Cav(*ndish-s(iu.irc,  the  countess 
©f  Cassilis,  a  sun. 

tith.  At  his  lordship's  house  in 
Grr^svtnior- square,  lady  Petre,  a 
sou. 

In  Piccadilly,  the  wife  of  Thomas 
Anson,  cs*^.  M.  P.  a  daughter. 

7tli.  In  Henry-street,  Dublin^ 
lady  En^ily  Henry,  a  son  and  heir. 

10th.  in  Palace-yard,  tlie  lady  of 
tlie  s[)eaker  of  tho  house  of  com- 
mons, a  son. 

11th.  At  Cliichester,  the  lady  o'* 
tlie  hon.  capt.  Biack^vood,  a  son. 

Ib'th.  The  lad^'  of  sir  George 
Cayley,  bart.  a  son. 

17th.  At  Trcntham,  tlic  mar- 
cliioness  of  Worcester,  a  son. 

iptli.  The  lady  of  sir  David  Car- 
negie, bart.  of  Southesk,  in  Scot- 
land, a  son. 

20th.  In  Sti'atton-street,  Picca- 
dilly, lady  Ptihani,  a  son  and  heir. 

22d.  In  Portland-place,  the  lady 
of  sij:  John  C.  Musgrave^  bart.  a 
son. 

At  Rrompton,  the  wife  of  Edmund 
Wigley,  esq.  M.  P.  ^  daughter. 

2Jdi.  At  his  house  in  Somers- 
town,  the  wife  of  Nicolas  Piroelles, 
esq.  a  son  and  two  daughters,  who, 
with  the  tftodier^  are  all  Idtely  to  do 
well. 


30th.  In  Hcrtford-«tt«et,  May- 
hiT,  the  wife  of  major-general 
Gascoyne,  a  daughter. 

In  New  Nonolk-street,  Om* 
venof-square,  the  wife  of  John 
Hammett^  esq.  M.  P.  a  son  and 
heir. 

Lately,  in  M onntjoy-squarer^  Dub^ 
lin,  the  countess  Begg^  a  daugh- 
ter, '      < 

llie  lady  of  sir  G.  Sheei  bart.  i 
son. 

The  wife  of  John  Davies>  a  k- 
bouring  man,  near  Authix>  two 
daughters,  and  a  son. 

Jul  J/   1st.     At    Fineshade>     the  . 
coiuitess  of  Harborough,  a  dauglw 
ter.  • 

4th.  The  wife  of  John  Biown^ 
miller,  near  St,  John*s-chapclj  in 
Weardale,  three  daughters,  whoi 
with  the  mother,  are  all  likely  to  do 
well.  Mrs.  B.  was  also  ddh'ere^ 
of  three  daughters  on  the  30th 
of  Oct.  1797,  two  of  whom  are 
living. 

Qih.  In  Park-street,  Stockport^ 
the  wife  of  B.  Partington,  two  som 
and  a  daughter.  Mi^.  P.  ks  had 
twins  four  times,  and  seven,  singlji 
births,  in  14  years ;  so  that  at  13 
births,  she  has  had  18  childrtn  in 
tliat  time. 

nth.  At  Ingestre^,  the  countess 
Talbot,  a  son  and  heir. 

In  Harley- street,  Cavendisb«) 
square,  lady  C.  Lenox,  a  son.' 

18th.  The  lady  of  lord  Francs 
Gcdolphin  Osborne,  a  son, 

Ii'Kh.  At  Miiibank-hodse,  West- 
mi  r.  a  tcr>  the  viscountess  Belgtave# 
a  di.ughter. 

21st.  At  East-gate-house,  YRn- 
ciiester,  the  lady  of  sir  St.  Joba 
Henry  Mildmay,  a  son. 

20'th.  In  Aiington-strcefc,  theladf 
of  sir  Richard  Carr  Gljnn^  baaU 
a  daughter. 


CHRONICL'E- 


S7> 


itdfjr,  at  Wimbledon,    Surrey, 
e  house  of  her  father,  gir  St0» 
.  Lushingtofi,  hart,  the  wife  of 
)nslow,  a  son  and  daughter, 
le  countess  of  Shrewsbury,  a 


In  Harley-street,  iSbt  wlk  of 
John  Denison,  esq.  M.  P.  a  daugtei' 
ter. 

31  St.  At  Aboyne-castle,  theonm-' 
less  f>f  Abp3rney  a  son. 

Lately,  in  Merrion-squarey'  JMfi 

Weymouth-street,  lady  Harriet    lin;     lady    Catharine     firowaloi^^ 

a  son.  sister  to  the  earl  of  Meadi,  a  son. 

til.  At  Nornianby-hall,  Cleve-        Sept.  5th.  At  the  Abbey,  3hrewt« 

lady  N,  Baillie,    a    daugh-    bury,  the  lady  of  sir  Charles  OakJcy, 

bart.  a  son. 
•th.  At  Keith-house,  in    Scot-        7th,  At  Ross-house,  near  Salisi^ 
,  lady  Anne  Hope,  a  son,  bury,   lady   Catharine  Forrester,  a 

Upper    Harley-street,    lady    daughter, 
is,  a  son.  9th.  in  Audley-square,  the  wife  of 

St.    In  Bentinck-strcet,    lady    John  Dent,  esq.  M.  P.  iorl^ancaster^ 
lotte  Howard,  a  daughter.  a  daughter » 

I3th.  At  her  seat  in  £aiingrgn»vip^ 
Essex,  the  countess  I4^ouiitnoniv 
a  son. 

At  Twickenham,  the  hoo.  Mnu 
Espinasse,  a  daughter. 

15th.  The  lady  of  the  hon.  Mr. 
Irby,  eldest'  son  of  lord  Boston,  m 
son  and  heir. 
2 1  St.  At  TapIow,-tb6  honvMrs* 
bampton,   tlie  marchioness  of    Grenfell,  a  daughter, 
Chester,  a  son.  Lately>   on    her    passage    inxa 

th.   At  Hendon,  the  lady  of    Leghorn  to  RarceloDa,  the  queen  ol 
lon.  Hijigh  Lindsay,  a  son.  Etruria,  a  princess, 

th.  At  Staiimore,  the  lady  of       At   Anztn,    near  Valencieases* 

madame  Filibert,  aged  58,  a  daugh-* 
ther.     Her  husband  is  (>S* 

At  Arkleby-hallv  in  Comberland,. 
the  lady  of  su:  Joseph  Senbouse^  a 
son,  being  her  lOlh  child. 

In  Croft-street,  Manchester,  th«i 
wife  of —  Broadbent,  a  journeyman 
dyer,  three  sons. 

The  wife  of  Mr.  Child,  attorney, 
of  Bristol,  a  son  and  daughter.  Mrs. 
C.  aboilt  IS  months  sauce,  had  thr<^ 
sons.  ' 

26th.  At  the  hon.  Mr.  \V.(^- 
^v,  The  lady  of  the  bishop  of  ley*s,  in  Grovesnor-square,  iadj 
ter,  a  son,  being  her  1 3th  child.    LcHbine,  a  daughter/  ^ 

ih.  At  his   lordship's  seat  at        27th.  In  Cavend 
treal,  in  Xent»  lady  Amhers^    wife  of  WUluufi  HuQia>  o»q. 


ig. .  1st.  At  Heckfield-place, 
^ife  of  C.  S.  Lefevre,  esq.  M.  P. 
leading,  a  son. 

li.  At  Greedy,  near  Exeter,  the 
of  sit  John   Davie,    bart.  a 
hter. 

[1.  At  Botleys,  lady  Templeton, 
. 
th.      At     Amport-house,  co. 


su*    Thomas    B.  Thompson, 
*.»  son. 
•th.  Mrs.  de  St.  Croix,  of  Hack- 

a   son,  being  her  fourteenth 
,  all  alive. 

:  the  castle  of  Hannu,  the  herc- 
f  princess  of  Hesse  -  Cassel, 
•   to  tlic  king   of    Prussia,    a 

tth.  Lady  Anne  Wombw^, 
I.  ■ 

t  Dublin,  die  wife  of  col, 
iam  Raymond,  a  daughter. 


■^ 


480        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


2pth.  At  tlie  carl  of  Galloway's, 
att  Great  Ealing,  tlie  hen.  Mrs. 
MoiitgMiimc  Stewart,  a  daughter. 

Oct.  5th.  The  wife  of  Mr.  Pcircc, 
baker,  in  the.  neighbourhood  of 
Manclicstcr-square,  t^'o  sons,  and 
2  daughter. 

At  Bieriheim,  en.  Oxford,  the 
lady  of  lord  Frauds  Spencer,  a  son 
and  heir. 

At  Battersea  Rise,  Surrey,  the 
x^ife  of  H.  '1  horntoii,  esq.  M.  P.  a 

!iOU. 

10th.  At  Paris,  madamc  Louis 
Bonaparte,  a  son. 

12th.  At  Goodnestone^  lady 
Bridges,  a  son. 

26th.  At  Lisbon,  the  iirincess  of 
Brazil,  a  prince. 

rJOth.  At  Liiilehar!c-tower,  Nor- 
thunilw^rlandy  ii\c  lady  of  the  rev. 
t.rd  Charles  Avnslrv,  J  daughter. 

N'tr.  2d.  In  Lincoln's"  Inn-fields, 
larly  Charlotte  Wiiigiield,  a  daugh* 

sth.  The  countess  of  Glasgow, 
^  son. 

lOth.  Jn  Dublin,  the  countess  of 
>Ieath,  a  son.  and  heir. 

I3tli.  In  Bedford-square,  the  wnfe 
Qt  James  La:i*^ham,  esq.  M.P.  a  <on. 

'i:u\.  At  Winchester,  the  coun* 
trss  of  Banbury,  a  daughter. 

At  Sndbrcok-house,  near  Rich- 
Koji'l,   Surrey,  lady  Mary  Stopford, 

S:'pt.  2.  The  queen  of  Sweden,  a 
frincc,  andlieir  to  the  crown. 

Oit.  12.  At  the  govcrnmrnt  pen, 
ilrs.  Nui;eni,  wifcofthelieut.gover- 
nik/i  of  Jamaica,  a  sen  and  heir. 

Ivun.  2ith.  At  the  villa  of  her 
t"ii'.:x  r,  ill.*  Ctirl  of  Mountnorris,  at 
Eri-ir-r-^iove,  lady  Annabella  Mag- 
tcod,  a  soTi. 

Latv'!} ,  .:t  Alderley-pa,rk.  in  Che- 
jhTv%  lilt  iion.  Zvira.  Stanley,  eldest 
^Whti-r  ^flwid  Slxtfifld,  two  ions. 


Dec.  3d.  In  Ber&dejr-icpilr^ 
lady  TheodosiaBligh,  a  da^itef. 

At  Vienna,  the  empress  of  Ge^ 
many,  an  ardidtike. 

8th.  In  CurzoD-street,  May-fidr^ 
the  lady  of  the  hon.  coL  W.  Fitsro/f 
a  son. 

12th.  At  Muethly-eastle,  bdjr 
Stewart,  of  Grautilley,  a  800.  . 

l6th.  InConduit-street^tbeladyof 
the  right  hon.George  Canning,  a  no. 

19th.  AtBloon^d-housc,  Cb|» 
ham-common,  the  wife  of  Wu^ 
liam  Wilberforce,  esq.  M.  P.  a  soOt 

22d.  In  DoveD-street,  the  hoL 
Mrs.  Alcock,  a  daughter. 

At  Abergavenny,  the  lai^y  of  tlift 
hon  and  rev.  Pierce  Meade  (brotber 
to  the  earl  of  Clanwilliam),  yoon^ 
est  daughter  of  ihe  loid  bisbopidF 
Dromore,  a  son.  ^ 

23d.  At  Bath,  the  coontest  iit 
Age,  a  daughter.  '  '-' . 

27th.  T  he  lady  of  the  hon.  Cbadtl 
Grey,  M.  P.  for  Northumberland,  < 
son. 

28th.  At  Behnont,  Hanti,  te 
countess  of  ClanricaTdes  annattft 
heir.  .    i 

2ptli.  At  Grange^  near  Wakcfidflk 
CO.  York,  lady  A.  Kaye^  a  dangjblft 


1 

•J 


* 


MARHIAGES  in  the  Year  IBf^: 

Jiin,  2d.  By  special  licence,  flt  dlt' 
house  of  her  grand^thcr,  TBeOMl 
Myers,,  esq.  of  P^rk-kne,-  ttf  fcl»\ 
Mary    Catharine    NetiB,  -    gniMp'^ 
daughter  of  John  Robinson^  ea^4t.  j 
Wvke-house,  Sion-hiU.  i-  * 

At  Kinouchtree,  lieot-ool.  M||l 
Shaw  Maxwell,    of  flie  23d 
dragoons,  second  son  of  eir 
j\L   bart.  of   Sprmgkell,    to  VUji' 
Heron,  only  daughter  of  FstrlckV',} 


'■', 


CSC]  of  Heron,  Mw  F.  for  1UiiBRi|^..^'^ 


bright. 


-A' 


r  . 


CHRONICLE. 


4il 


.  At  Paris,  citizen  Louis  Bona- 
■  brother  of  the  first  consul  of 
c,  to  mademoiselle  Beauhar- 
iaughter  of  madanie  Bonaparte. 
Ji.  Sir  Francis  Vincent,  bart. 
liss  Jane  Bouverie,  fourtli 
Iter  of  the  hon.  Edward  B. 
h.  By  special  license,  at  her 
•'s  house  in  Lincohi's-inn-hclds, 
el  Holland,  of  Great  Pordand- 
,  M.  D.  and  fellow  of  Wor- 
•  college,  Oxford,  to  Miss 
:es  Erskine,  eldest  daughter  of 
3n.  Thomas  E. 

di  -At  the  lord  justice  'Clerk's, 
jurgh,  James  Boyd,  esq.  to 
Douglas,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
ieut.  geu.  D:,  of  the  5th  dra- 
guards 

0,  3d.  Mr.  Samuel  Young,  of 
fi  Audley- street,  to  Miss  Biggs, 
•ury-lane  theatre. 
3th.  In  Portland-place,  lord 
air,  to  Miss  Chisholme,  only 
hterof  James  C,  esq. 
th.  Harry  Bishopp,  esq.  eldest 
'f  col.  B.  and  grandson  of  the 
sir  Cecil  B,,  bart.  to  Miss 
ock,  of  Baker- street,  Portmaur 
re,  with  a  fortune  ot  50,000/. 
►th.  At  Bath,  major  Thomas 
)ck.  late  deputy  quarter*masler- 
ral  in  the  flast  India  company^s 
ce,  to  the  hon.  Miss  Caroline 
Legcr,  sister  of  lord  viscount 
sraile. 

;th.  At  Lisnegar,  in  Ireland, 
.  col.  Baird,  brother  of  Robert 
\,  esq.  of  Newbyth  in  Scotland, 
P.  for  Jedburgh,  to  the  hon. 
ei-'Charlotte  Ion  son,  eldest 
hter  of  the  late  loi  d  Rivcrsdale. 
^arcJi  8th.  John-George  Ferry, 
to  lady  Jane  Halliday,  widow 
ohn  Delap  H.,  esq.  and  sister 
ic  earl  of  Dysart. 
>di.  Col.  Fras.  Moor,  to  tlie 
)w  of  the  late  capt.  Putting,  of 


the  royal  navy,  and  daughter  of  ad- 
miral sir  Robert  Kingsmill,  bart. 

Lately,  in  Cheshire,  at  die  seat  of 
M.'Keatinge>  esq.  the  hon.  Coulson 
Wallop,  M*  P.  for  Andovqr^  to  Miss 
Keatinge.  ■   •  '  . 

At  Edith  Weston,  Itutiand,  'Mr. 
J.  Hill,  aged  83,  to  Mrs.  Hose, 
hostess  of  the  Picd  Hart,  aged  03 i  ' 
yjpril  7th.  At  Mcriden,  co.  War-f 
wick,  the  iion.  \Vm.  Booth  Grey, 
second  son  of  the  earl  of  Staniford,  to 
INIiss  Price,  eldest  daugliTer  and  one  of 
the  coheiresses  of  the  late  Thos.  P., 
esq.  of  Dusfryn,    co.  Glamorgan.^ 

'i2d.  Col.  Dyke>  of  thoColdstrcam 
guards,  son  of  sir  John  D.,  bart.  to 
Miss  Louisa  Lemon,  daughter  of 
sirWm.  L.,  bart.  M.  P.  for  Cornwall. 

2dth.  At  Edinburgh,  the  hon. 
Geo.  Ver^  Plobart,  second  sou  of 
th  e  earl  of  .  •  B  uc  k ingh  amsh ire ,  to 
Miss  Janet  Maclean,  eldest  daughter 
of  lieut.J  col.  Alexander  M.>  ot  Coll. 
Mai]f  Sdi.  Gilbert  Mathison,  cs(|.  to 
the  eldest  daughter  of  sir  W.Farqulia'r. 

13th»  Geo.  Goold,  esq.  ot  O'd- 
com't,  in  Ireland,  to  the  lady  Char- 
lotte Browne,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
earl  of  Kcnniare. 

19th. '  At  Arlington*court>  co. 
Gloucester,  y.  Conoily,  esq.  of  Port- 
land-place,, to  Miss  Matilda  Dunkin> 
daughter  of  sir  Wm.  D.,  late  oncof 
the  judges  of  the  supreme  court  of 
judicature  at  Calcutta. 
•  '24di.  At  St.  Mary-la-bonne,  the 
hon»  Augustus  R.  BuderDan\-ers>  to 
Miss  E.  Sturr. 

2()th.  .  Lord  viscount  Ashbrook, 
tc;  Miss  Deborah.  Susannah  Friend, 
of  Woodstock,  CO.  Oxford,  daughter 
of  the  -rev.  Whi.  Maximilian  F., 
with  30,000/. 

27th.  Lord  viscount  Sidney,  to 
lady  Charlotte  Citiments." 

2Sdi.  Major  Adolphus  Hercuber, 

late  deputy  adjutant  general'  to  tise 

li  •iwi^ 


4^2        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  J802. 


forces  at  Minorca,  to  the  eldest 
daughtiCt'  of  Clias.  Turner,  esq.  of 
Charlton-place,  Kent. 

June  2d  Hon.  Mr.  Wellcsley, 
brother  to  ihc  marquis  Wdlesley,  to 
lady  E.  Cadogan,  daughter  of  the 
carl  of  C. 

3d.  Cd.  Bailey  Wallis,  M.  P.  for 
Ilchcster/  to  the  widow  of  tlic  late  col. 
Bosv'ille,  of  the  guards. 

8th.  Sir  Geo.  Stuart  Mackenzie, 
hart,  of  Coull,  to  Miss  Mary  Mac 
Leod,  5  th  cVughter  of  Donald  Mac 
L.,  esq.  of  Granies,  in  Scotland. 

IBth.  Hon  James  Abercrombie, 
3d  son  of  the  late  sir  Ralph  A.,  to 
Mi^s  I^igh,  eldest  daughter  of 
Egerton  L.,  esq.  of  High  Leigh,  and 
Twemlow,  co.  Chester. 

14ih.  Hon.  and  rev.  Walter 
Hutchinson  Aston,  to  the  eldest 
daughter  of  the  n*v.  Dr.  Haflcs,  esq. 
vicar  of  St  Mary's,  Nottingham. 

19th.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover- 
sqiiarc^  Tho3.  Heneagc,  esq.  to  the 
hon.  Arabella  Pclham,4tli  daughter 
of  lord  Yarborough. 

20th.    At  Hamburg,  sif  Robert 
Barclay,  bart.  to  madame  de  Cron- 
stedt,  daughter  of  col.  Durell,  and  the 
widow  of  the  late  bai'on  de  C. 

22d.  At  Hampstead,  Mr,  Henry 
Siddons,  of  Covent-garden  theatre 
(son  of  the  celebrated  Mrs.  S.),  to 
Miss  Murray,  daughter  of  Mr.  M., 
likewise  of  that  theatre. 

Lately,  Henry  Baring,  esq.  third 
son  of  sir  Fras.  Baring,  bart.  to  Miss 
Piingham,  daughter  of — B.,  esq.  of 
Philadelphia,  matiy  years  a  member 
of  the  American  senate. 

Wm.  I^amont,  esq.  of  the  18th 
light  dragH.>ons,  to  Miss  Susan- Alex- 
ander Crickitt,  daughter  of  C.  A. 
C,  esq.  M.  P. 

July  1st.  I^rd  Henry  Stuart,  third 
son  of  the  marquis  of  Bute,  to  lady 
Gertrude  Villcrs,  daugliter  and  sole 
heiresv'of  tlie  late  earl  of  Grandison. 


3d.  At  Winchester,  maior-gi 
Groves,  of  the  28tli  foot,  t 
eldest  daitghter  of  the  late  Dr.  I 
Blackstone,  of  Addcrbaiy,  • 
Oxford. 

5th.  Chfifin  Grove,  esq.  of] 
Wilts,  to  the  only  dmighter 
Andrew  Kent,  of  East  Hottoi 
Lincoln,  barl. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanovcr-w 
John  Maitland,  esq.  son  of  tl 
hon.  Patrick  M.,  of  Balgreggan, 
third  daughter  of  sir  Wm.  M^ 
bart.  of  Montieth. 

10th.  At  Dublin,  by  s 
license,  lord  Donally,  to  the 
daughter  of  the  late  Dommick' 
esr{.  and  neice  to  the  late  e: 
Clare. 

12th.  At  Hendon,  Middlesi 
A.  Cot*tts  Trotter,  esq.  of  Be 
street,  to  Miss  Margaret  Gc 
youngest  d:iughter  of  the  late 
Alexander  Gordon,  Iwd  Rocl 
brotlicr  to  the  la^  earl  of  4 
deen. 

14lh.  At  St.  Mary-ki-h 
Chas.  Tlios.  Hudson,  esq.  cldiB 
of  sir  Charles  Grave  H.,  ba 
Wanlip-hall,  co.  Leicester,  to 
Peppercll,  youngest  daughter 
Thos.  P.,  bart.  of  Dorstt-i 
Port  man -square. 

Lately,  at  Cassel,  the  here 
prince  of  Saxe-Gotha,  to  thepr 
Charlotte,  of  Hcsse-Cassel.. 

31st.  At  St  Mary-la-Bctta 
special  license^  ITiomas  Fdey 
of  Albcmailes,  co.  Carmai 
capt.  R.  N,,  10  lady  Lucy  Fitzg 
«ister  oi  the  duke  of  Letnstcr. 

Aug.  pth.  At  Langton,  co 
coin,  Peregrine  Langton,  esq, » 
son  of  tlie  countess  of  Roth^ 
Miss  Elizabeth- Mary- Anne 
singberd,  daughter  of  the  la^  I 
B.,  es(j.  of  Gunby,  in  the 
county; 

i2th.    At  Winchester-boiu 


^ 


Chronicle. 


48» 


hdn^  and    rev.   .Thdrnas  de  Grey,  . 
Second  son  of  lord  Wal  Bingham,  to 
Miss  Biizabetli'Nprth,  the   fourth 
daughter  of  the   bishop  of  Win- 
chester. 

15  th.  In  Great  Greorge-street> 
Hanover-square,  by  the  bishop  of 
Lincoln>  the  most  noble  Aubrey 
Beaiiciel-c,  duke  of  St.  Aiban*s,  to 
Miss  Manners>  daughter  of  lAdy 
Louisa,  M. 

18th.  In  North  Wale^,  lord  vifi- 
tount  Kirkwall,  to  the  hon.  Miss 
Anna- Maria  Blaquieris,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  lord  de  B. 

25th.  At  St.  Clement  Dafte«> 
Stiand,  lord  viscount  Falkland,  to 
Miss  Anton. 

At  Stflpleford,^  George-Charles 
Sedley,  esq.  of  the  Coldstream 
guards,  and  son  of  the  hon.  Henry 
S.,  to  tlic  only  daughter  of  rear  ad- 
miral sir  John  Boiflase  Warren, 
K..B.  of  Stapleford-hall,  co.  Netting^ 
liom. 

Sept,  1st.  At  Shorehdm,  Sussex,  col. ' 
Porter,  M.  P.  for  Stockbridge,  to  the 
countess  dowager  Grosvenor. 

At  the  residence  of  A.  Meny, 
esq.  hid  majesty's  minister  at 
Paris,  the  rev.  James  Burgess,  jun. 
to  lady  Catherine-Elizabmh  Beau- 
clerc,  sister  to  the  duke  of  St. 
Alban's. 

2d.  Hen.  Joddrell,  esq.  of  Byfield> 
Norfolk,  M.  P.>  to  the  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  John  Weyland,  esq.  of  Wood*- 
leaton,  co.  Oxford. 

7th.  Hon.  Sam.  Mitchell,  presi- 
dent of  the  council  of  Gi^nada,  to 
Miss  Mary  Floud,  sister  of  Thomas 
P.,  esq.  mayor  of  Exeter. 

10th.  At  Putnevj  Rob.  Dallas, 
esq.  M.  P.  and  one  of  his  majesty*s 
<;ounscl,  to  Miss  Justinia  Davidson, 
of  Bedford-square. 

11th.  At  Castle-Townsend,  co. 
Cork,  Simon  White,  esq.  brother  of 


lord  Bantr>*,  and  nephew  of  lady 
Lougueville,  to  the  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  John  Newenham,  esq. 
of  Maryborough,  in  Ireland. 

21st.  At  Lymington,  Hants,  t|i« 
hon.  Charles  Murray,  brother  to  the 
earl  of  Mansfield,  to  Miss  Law. 

23d.  At  Ingatestone,  Essex, Wm. 
Wheble,  esq.     of  Woodley-lodgc, 
Berks,  to  Miss  Mafia  Talbot,  second ' 
daughter  of  Francis  T.,  esq.  imcfe  to 
the  earl  of  Shrewsbury. 

Sir  Bob.  Williames  Vaughftft, 
bart.  M.  P.  for  Merionethshire,  to 
Misd  A^ind  Maria  Mostyn,  fourth 
ddughtcf  of  the  late  sir  Roger  M., 
bart.  M.  t.  for  Flintshire. 

25th.  At  Ildcrton,  the  rev.  John 
Lloyd,  of  Paley,  co.  Merioneth,  to 
the  only  daughter  of  admiral  Rod- 
dam,  of  Roddam,  Northumberland. 

Oot,  2d.  At  Greenwich,  capt. 
Crosier,  to  the  second  daughter  of 
sir  Richard  Pearson,  lleut.-gov.  of 
the  royal  hospital  there. 

20th.  At  Thotiesby-park,  co.  Not- 
tingham, Wm»  Bentinck,  esq.  of 
Terrington,  Norfolk,  and  captain  in 
the  royal  navy,  to  the  hon.  Augusta 
Pierrepoint,  only  daughter  of  lord 
Viscount  Newark. 

26th.  At  Steanraer,  in  Scotland, 
the  hon.  Adam  Gordon,  to  the 
eldest  daughter  of  Hamilton  Max- 
well, esq. 

29th.  Hon.  capt.  Archibald  Mac- 
donaid,  son  of  the  late  lotd  M.,  to 
the  eldest  daughter  of  Duncan  Camp- 
bell, esq.  of  St.  Andrew*s-square, 
Edinburgh. 

Nov,  6th.  Dudley  North,  e^q.  to 
the  hon.  Miss  Pelham,  eldest  daugh-^ 
ter  of  lord  Yarborbugh. 

13th.  At  St.  Mary-la-bonnc,  lord 
Binning,  son  of  the  earl  of  Had- 
dington, to  lady  Maria  Parker, 
daughter  of  theearl  of  Macclesfiel(}» 

Dec:  2d.  Lord  ^outharngtoni  to 
I  i  2  *      die 


4S4        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

the  srrond  dnu^^htcr  of  lord  Robert  PROMOTIONS  in  Hie  rear  1602. 
■  Scvnioiir. 

13th.   At    Sc:r>vbv,   the  rev.   sir  Jan.  1st.  Arthur  Bro\mc,  esq;  to" 

Ch*rl('s  Afklcrsur.,   bart.   rector  of  be  his  majesty's  prime  scrjeant  at  law 

JUn,  CO.  LinajliK   to  the  yo-iiiprst  in  Ireland,  in  the  room  of  Edmund 

-dauirlitcr  of  tlielaU-sir  John  Ncl-  Sianley,  esq.  resigned. 

thorjH',  liart.  William  Smith,  esq.  to  be  one 

14ih.      Renr     adniinl     Thorn-  of  the  barons  of  his  majesty's- court 

borough,  to  Miss  Jcync-.^,  daughter  of  exdiequer.  in  Ireland,    in    the 

of  sir  Kd ward  J  ,  of  Gloucester.  room  of  Peter  Mclgc,  esq.  resigned. 

3  5th.  At  Frvern-r>:;rnct  church,  ,      Lieut. -general  William  Gardner, 

sir  Wm.'  Ji)hn>ton,  bart.  of  Hilton,  go vernor  of  Kinsale and  Charles-Fort, 

in    Aberdeenshire,    to  Miss   Maria  .      The     lion.     Chvistopher  .  Hclj 

B:;con,  only   daughter  of  John  J3.,  If utchinson,  brother  to gencrallonl 

esq.  of  Krycrn-house,  Middlesex.  Hutchinson,     elected    representa- 

At    Dishlcy,   co.   Leict^stcr,  the  tive  of  the  city  of  Cork, .  in   the 

lion,  and  rev.  Henry  Ryder,  third  room  of  the  general,  called   up  to 

son  of  lord  Harrowby,  and  rector  the  house  of  Peers.                  .,. 

of  Lutterworth,  to  Sophia,   second  Brevet  colonel^  Robert  lawson^ 

daughter    of  Thomas-March  Phil-  .of  the  royal  regiment  of  the  AjrtiUeiy, 

li«)])s,  es(i.  of  Garcndon-park.  to  be  colonel  in  second  of  that  corps. 

21st.    Hon.      Reginald    Cocks,  -r-Brevet  lieutenant-colonel  Georgt 

•  youngcKt  '  .son  of  lord   Soniers,   to  Glassgow,  of  the  s^nc,  to  be  lieut. 

•  ]NTiss  Anue'C'ocks,  second  daughter  xolonel.  .    '                     •,.... 
of  James  C'.,  esq.  '    I3th.  Tlie  right  hbn.*  W.  Wck* 

22d.    At    Hatfield,-  co.    York,  ham,  the  right  hon.  George. Rose, 

Henry    Eustatius    Strickland,    esq.  and  the  right  hon.  Charles  Long; 

son  of  sir  George  S.^  bart.   to  Miss  Bwornof  his  majesty's  most  honouiv 

(^utwrii^ht,    daughter   of   tlie  rev.  able  privy  council.             .   "•    .., 

Edmund  C,  of  Wobura.  John  Wilson,  esq.  tx),be  a  comnais- 

2:)d.    At   Brodie-house,    colonel  sioner  for  investigating  the: accouoti 

Mattiiew  Mac  Allister,  of  Rosshiil  .of  the  army  in  the  West  Indiesj  an   ■ 

jinJ  I5ar,  in  Knityre,  to  the  younger  the  room  of  gen^^ral.  M&itland,  rc- 

diiUgJucr  of  James  Brodie,  esq.  M.P.  signed.                                  .    .^     ■, 

At  ArdiVy,  CO.  Galway,  in  Ireland,  I6th.  Sir  Robert    Peel,  bart.  to 

IoitI  Cionbrock,    to  the  hon.  Miss  be    lieutenant-colonel-coBQjnandant     ■ 

Biake,  o:dy  child  and  heiress  of  lord  .of  |j|^e  Bury  volunteers.          ..    ■•.. 

Wali.seOLUt,  and  grand -daughter  ol  William  viscount  Courtenay,  to:W 

tlic  late  earl  of  Louth.  lieutenant-colonel-compnandant    of 

At  Purtj mouth,  Ci'.pt.  Brougliton,  the  loyal    Axininster  hundred  r&» 

of    the    r(:neK)])e    frigatje,    to   the  giment  ofvolunte.ers.                   -^  - 

y<;uiii;(st  dauj^,hu*r   of  sir  Thoma.s  Fe/:.  3d.  His  royal  highness.-  fifc 

Bi(ni-ht.(»n,  bart.ofDoddington-uall,  duke  of  Cambridge  was  introduced' 

in  Cheshire.         *  into  the  privy  council  for  the  united 

/()tli.  Aubone  Surtees,  esq.  to  the  kingdom,  by  Iiis  grace  the  duke.of    - 

eldest  dauohtcr  of  lir  Jiilin  Hony-  Portland,   K^    G.    lord    presidentj    ' 

v(^od,   bart.  i;nuid-daughier  of  the  and   his   royal    highness   took    hit 

.]»\e.  and  nieCe  to  tlie  present  i©rd  place  at  the  board  on  his  uiaj^t/l 

discount  Courtcnay.  left  hand.                                        ■      - 

Colotwl 


X^ 


CHRONICLE. 


485. 


Lionel  Alexander  Mackenzie, 
le  3^th  foot,  to  be  brigadier 
ral  in  the  army  serving  in  die 
iterranean  only. — Thomas  As- 
)offin,  esq.  to  be  commissary  of 
mts  in  British  North  America, 
exander  Fraser  Tytkr,  esq.  to 
judge  of  the  court  of  session,, 
e  room  of  tli-e  late  lord  Stone- 

1.  Major  William  Lin  skill  to 
eutenant-colonel-conmiandant 
le  North  Shields  and  Tyne- 
h  volunteers. 

1.  Colonel  John  Fraser  to  be 
el-commandant  of  a  corps  of 
try. — Lieutenant-colonel  John 
ks,  to  be  lieutcTiant-colonel- 
nandant  of  the  Cardigan  mi- 
vice  lieutenant  colonel  Lewis/ 
led. 

th.  The  king  has  been  plesied 
•ant  the  dignity  of  a  baron  of 
nited  kingdom  of  great  Britain 
reland  unto  the  rii;ht  hon.  sir 
Mitford,  knight,  and  to  die 
male  of  his  body  lawfully  be- 
n,  by  the  name,  style,  and 
of  baron  Rededale,  of  llrdes- 
iu  the  county  of  Northamber- 

The  kins:  has  also  been 
.^d  to  order  letters  patent,  con- 
ig  a  grant  unto  the  said  right 
John  baron  Redesdale  of  the 

or  place  of  chancellor  and 
n*  of  the  great  seal  of  Ireland, 
e  room  of  John  earl  of  Clare, 
sed.  The  honour  of  knight- 
has  been  conferred  on  iVlex- 
■  Mackenzie,  esq. 
:h..  Brevet  lieutenant-colonel 
rt  Lethhridgc,  of  the  O'Oth 
icnt  of  foot,  {()  be  iieutenant- 
t\. — Lieutenant-colonel  Robert 
brd,  from  the  tiOth  foot,  to 
'Utenant-eulone]  of  bCkh  f(^ot. 
jor  IJerbert  Taylor,  from  the 
goon-guards,  to  be  lient.-col. 
(;th  ^^^cst  India  reginiijnt. 


Burnet  Bnice,  esq.  advocate,  to  be* 
deputy  judge-advocate  and  clerk  of 
the  courts  martial  in  Noith  Britain. 

Thomas-Henry  Brooke,  esq.  to 
be  secretaiy  to  the  government  of 
die  island  of  St..  Helena.  ' 

17di.   The   right  hon.    Asheton 
baron  Curzon,    and  the  heiis  male 
of  his  body   lawfully  begotten,  to' 
be  viscount  Curzon,  of  Peuii,    in 
the  county  of  Buckingham. 

27th.  Major  Charles  ImhofF  to 
be  lieutenant-colonel  of  die  4di 
regiment  of  foot, .' 

24th.  Hefuy  Bentinck,  esq.  to 
be  captain-general  and  governor  ii| 
chief  of  the  island  of  St.  Vincent, 
Bequia,  and  such  other  of  the  islands 
commonly  called  die  Grenadines, 
as  lie  to  the  northward  of  the  island 
ofCurrac;oa,  in  America. 

March   g\h.     Lieutenant-colonel 
Kenneth  Alexander  Howard,  ofdie^ 
Coldstream  foot-guards,  ^  to  be  dep. 
inspector-general   of  foreign   corps 
in  his  majesty's  service, 

Lietitenanf-cnlonel  James  Budcr 
of  the  royal  artillery,  to  be  superin- 
tendant  of  the  junior  department  in 
die  royal  military  college. 

Rirfit  rev.  Dr.  Gcorore  de  la  Poer 
Beresford,  lord  bishop  of  the  vuiked 
bishoprics  of  Clonfert  and  Kihnac- 
duagh,  translated  to  the  bishopric 
of  Kilmore,  in  tlie  room  of  the 
most  rev.  and  hon.  Dr.  Chaiica 
Brodrick,  promoted  to  the  arch- 
bishopric of  Cashel. 

l6di.  George  lord  Rivers,  to  be 
h^'on  Ri\crs  of  Sudely  castle,  in 
the  CO,  of  Gloucester  5  wdth  re**' 
maindcrSi  to  the  right  hon.  sir 
William  Augustus  Pitt,  knight; 
of  the  most  hon.  order  of  tlie 
Bath,  and  general  of  his  majes-. 
ty's  forces,  (brother  of  die  said 
George  lord  Rivers,)  and  to  the 
heirs  male  of  his  body  lawfully  be- 
gotten i  and  to  the.  issue  male  sue- 
I  i  ^  ccssIncIjt 


486        ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 


ccssivejy  of  Peter  Beckford,  of  Sta- 
pleton,  in  the  co.  of  Dorset,  esq.  by 
I^uisa  Beckford,  his  late  wife, 
deceased  (daughter  cf  the  said 
George  lord  Rivers),  and  to  tlie 
heirs  male  of  their  respective  bo- 
dies lawfully  begotten. 

Major  Duncan  Macdonald,  to  be 
lieutenantf  colonel  of  the  15th  regi- 
ment of  foot. — Colonel  Pierre  Fre- 
derick count  de  Meuron,  to  be 
major-general  in  the  army. 

20di.  The  right  hon,  Horatio, 
viscount  and  baron  Nelson  of  the 
Nile,  and  of  Burnham  lliorpe,  in 
the  CO.  of  Norfolk,  knight  of  the 
most  hon.  military  order  of  tlie 
Bath,  and  vice-admiral  of  the  blue 
squadron  of  his  majesty's  fleet,  (also 
duke  of  Bronte  in  Sicily,  and  grand- 
cross  of  the  order  of  St.  Ferdinand 
and  of  Merit.)  the  royal  license  and 
permission  lo  receive  and  wear  the 
insignia  of  the  order  of  the  Crescent, 
which  the  grand  signior  hatli  trans- 
mitted to  him. 

24th.  The  right  hon.  George 
earl  of  Essex,  to  be  lord  lieutenant 
of  the  CO.  of  Hereford. 

General  his  royal  highness  Ed- 
ward duke  of  Kent,  K.  G.  to  be 
governor  of  Gibraltar. 

27 ih.  Sir  James  Craufurd,  bart. 
to  be  his  majesty's  envoy  extraordi- 
nary and  minister  plenipotentiary 
to  the  king  of  Denmark. 

Franci-'  Hill,  esq.  to  be  his  ma- 
jesty's secretary  of  legation  to  the 
same  court. 

Major  Archbald  Stewart,  to  lie 
lieutenanl-colct'.cl  of  the  1st  bat- 
talion 1st  regiment  ffM)t.  Mnj^r 
general  llay  M'Dowal,  from  the 
78tlif()oi,  tobc  colonel-eonirnandant 
of  the  2d  battallion  of  40th  foot.— 
Md;  r-i^e'ieralJohn Hely lord T lutch- 
inson,  K.  B.  to  be  colonel  of  the  74lh 
foo;. — ^lajor  lord  Aylmer,  to  be 
iicut.-toloncl  of  the  85tli  foot. 


JiprilGth.  Rev.  Greorge  Marichatn, 
clerk,  master  of  arts,  to  .be  chosen 
into  the  place  of  dean  of  the  metro* 
politan  church  of  York.-— Joscjih 
White,  doctor  in  divinity,  to  be  He* 
brew  professor  in  the  university  of 
Oxford,  with  the  prebend  of  Christ-  . 
church  ansexed.«-The  rev.  Charles 
Alcock,  clerk,  batchelor  of  laws,  to 
be  archdeacon  of  Chichester. 

7th.  I  lis  grace  George  William 
Frederick  duke  of  Leeds,  to  be  lord 
lieutenant  of  the  North  riding  of  the 
county  of  York. 

11th.  the  honourable  Thomas 
Erskine,  to  be  chancellor  and  keeper 
of  his  royal  highness  the  prince  of 
Wales's  great  seal. 

13th.  Major  John  Campbell  to  be  . 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  6oth  re«« 
ment  of  foot. — Major  Alexander 
Adams  to  be  lieutenant-colonel,  of 
the  78th  foot  —  Major  Samuel  . 
Gibbs,  to  be  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
lOtli  West  India  regiment. 

Capt.  Henry  Howard  to  be  lieUt^ 
col.  of  the  loyal  Edenside  rangers. 

17th.  Sir  Edward  Law,  knight, 
chief  justice  of  his  majesty's  court  of 
king's  bench,  to  be  baron  Elleo? 
borough,  of  .Ellenborough,  in  the 
county  of  Cumberland,  withremainf 
der  to  his  heirs  male. 

26\.h.  Lieutenant-col.  James  Boog.  '• 
to  l)e  licutenant-col.  of  the  royal 
rcginicnt  of  artillery. 

27th.  Major  Robert  S^yth,  to  be 
lieutenant-col.  of  the  6Sth  regioseftt 
of  foot. 

Lieutenant-general  C.  Lyster  apt ' 
pointed  to  the  command  of  th^  4Sth, 
foot.  '  ' 

f'he  king,  in  appprobation  of  the 
meritorious  services  of  the  marine 
corps,  ]ia:>  directed  that  that  useful 
body  shall  in  futiu^  be  called  the 
ro}ai  marines. 

L'jrd  Amherst  to  be  a  lord  of  the 
bed-chamber. 

2flth.  - 


y^ 


CHRONlCLt. 


48? 


th.  J.  P'jgot,  esq.  and  right  hon. 
Radstock,  vice-admirals  of  th^ 
:o  be  admirals  of  the  blue. 
2x.  Graeme,  esq.  and  George 
e\,  esq.  vice-admirals  of  the 
;,  to  be  vice-admirals  of  the  red. 
larles  Chamberlayne,  esq.  and 
'  Ramicr,  esq.  vice-admirals  of 
lue,  to  be  vice-admirals  of  th* 

k 

^  9 

•  George  Home,  baronet,  and 
Charles  Cott6n,  baronet,  rear- 
irrls  of  the  red^  to  be  vice-admi" 
f  the  blue. 

m  Willett  Payne,  esq.  and  sir 
rt  Calder,  baronet,  rear-admirals 
3  white^  to  be  rearr  admirals  of 
ed. 

77/  11th.  Lient. -generals  John 
id,  James  Hamilton,  John 
:oii,  James  Rooke,  Charles 
)ie,  John  earl  of  Suffolk,  hon. 
pic  Norton,  George  Hothara, 
1  Dundas,  sir  Robert  Aber- 
by,  K.  B.  general  I^ke,  sir 
tias  Musgravc,  baronet,  James 
?s,  Ralph  Dundas,  Ricliard 
te,  sir  Alured  Clarke,  K.  B.  to 
nerals  in  the  army. 
j.  generals  Antliony  Farrington, 
s    Stuart,    Charles    Horneck, 

Whyte,  John  Drummond, 
y  Bo\wcr,  John  Willia^i  Eger- 
Peter  Huntf  r,  Joseph  Waltjon, 
Walker,  William  Johnstone, 
am  Maxwell,  George  earl  of 
)roke,  John  carl  of  Chatham, 
mder  Campbell,  William  Mor- 
:,    Francis  Dundas,  Alexander 

Ab.  D'Aubant,  lionrurnble 
lis  Needham,  Henry  Pigot,  to 
■utenant-j;t»nenils  m  the  a. my. 
loncls  Francis  lord  beiirbrth, 
Trewthick  H^miker,  oftheCjth 
ons,  David  Douda^s  VV'rn;vss, 

foot,  honourable  John  Leslie, 
ot  guards,  Henry  Wynyr.rd,  1st 
juards, .  W illiani  Thornton,  \  st 


foot  gtiards,  John  Stuart,  Queen's 
German'regiment,Duncan  Campbell; 
9 1st  foot;  Thomas  Grosvenor,  3d 
foot  guards,  John  Calcraft,  Cold* 
stream  guards,  honourable  Johii 
Hdpe,  N(H-th  Lowlifnd  fcncible  in-  ' 
fentry,  honourable  Vere  Poulet,  on 
half-pay,  Charles  }}arton,  !Zd  life 
guards,  George  Cnnninghame,  lat©. 
of  the  Scotch  brigade,  Frederick 
Halket,  late  of  ditto,  \^«y  Ferrejr, 
Scotch  brigade,  Alexander  Mac-* 
kenzie,  78th  foot, William  Congre\'e, 
royal  artillery,  houburable  James 
Forbes,  Coldjrtream  guards,  HenrJ 
lord  Paget,  7th  light  draf;ogns,  John 
D(r/le,  37th  foot,  Roberi  Hrownrigg, 
0'2d  foot,  William  Caufield  Archer, 
1st  foot  guards,  William  ejirl  of  Ban- 
buiy,  3d  foot  guards,  honourable 
Artiiur  Wellesley,  33d  foot,  honourr- 
able  Edm.  Phipps,  1  st  foot  guards, 
William  Cartwrigbt  12th  light 
dragoons,  to  bemajor-generals  in  die 
Army. 

Lieutenant-colonels,  Francis  Tho. 
Hammond,  of  the  late  120th  foot, 
Crofton  Vandelcur,  46ih  foot,  John 
Hamilton,  81st  Ibot,  R.  Dudley 
•Blake,  Northumberland  Icncible  in- 
fantry, Jolm  Barnes^  royal  artillery, 
Rob.  Douglas,  royal  artillery,  Tho. 
Brownrig-g,  3d  foot,  hon.  Rob. 
Meade,  3 1st  foot,  Alex.  Malcolm,  late 
2d  battalion  78th  foot,  Wr)i.  Hous- 
toun,  58th  foot,  hon,  Geo.  St.  John^, 
73d foot,  John  Prince,  0th  dragoons, 
G.  MicheU,  on  half-pay  of  the  3 1st 
light  dragoons,  Dan.  Hen.  Shaw,  7tli 
West  India  reg.  I'ho.  Hihlop,  11th 
West  India  reg.  John  M*  Leod,  royal 
artillery,  Geo.  Le  Huntc,  on  haif- 
pay  of  tjie  late  indej)ende.nts,  Piene 
de  Meuron  Bullot,  of  Meuron's  reg. 
Cha.  M'Murdo,  31st  foot,  Walter 
Clifie,  7thfoot,Wm.Wynya'  d,  Cold^ 
stream  guards,  John  Walbanke 
Childcrs^  Utb  light  di-agoons,  Ale^u 

•  Ji4  Wood, 


488        ANNUAL  REGISTER,     1802. 

Woo.:l.ldte  120tli  foot,  Alex.  Dirom,  Edvrard  Webber,  late  2d  battalion 

52d  funt,   Anth.  Lewis  Lay ard,  /th  90th  foot,  Micliacl-Edward  Jacobs, 

foot,  Iho.  carl  of  Elgin,  David  Hun-  76th  foot,  Thomas  viscount  Ranex 

ter,   Angu-^shire    fencible   infantry,  lagh^()6th  foot^  Thonoas  L' Estrange, 

John   eail    of    Brtadalhane,    J<ihn  /th   foot,    sir  T.  Pechell,  baronc^ 

Sli»H(%  iri  dragoonhv  11.  Taylor,  late  late    3d    horse     grenadier    guards, 

2d  bat.  S2tl  foot,  Fred.  A.  F.  Eerk-  AVill  iam  Latham, /th' dragoon  guards, 

wiiii..  37ih  foot,  Wni.  Spencer,  23d  John  Castlejnan..  51st  foot,  Charles 

light  dra;v;«'ons,  sir   U.  Basset,  knt.  Gray,  75th  foot,  I^ughlan  M'QiiaTr 

oth  Vv'rat-Xndia  rer;.,  Sam.  Graham,  rie,  SO'th  foot,  David  De\i'ar,  on  halfr  • 

2yi\\  foot,  James  Montgonier)',  4oth  pay  of  the  lats  independentSj  Joseph 

foot,  Frederic  Augustus   Wctherall,  Foveaux,   new  ^uth  Wales  corps, 

S2d    foot,  William   Wright,   artil-'  JVlichaelM'Creagh,  11th  West  Indig 

Ic.ry  in  Ireland,  John  Daniel  Arabin,  reigment,  Richard  0*Dogherty,(56l^ 

(lino,    William   Buchannan,   ditto,  foot,  Goorgc  Kinnaird  Dana,  13th 

AViliiam  -Murray,  24ih   light   dra-  foot,  Charles  Cerjat,   1st  dragoons, 

ooons,  hon.  William  Luniley,  22d  Walter  Elliott,  33d.  foot,   William  . 

light  (lr;i goons,  Rcfbt  rt  Brereton,  63d  Claike,  46th  foot,  William  JephsoD, 

foor,  IhoiVias  Gibson,  83d  foot,  J.  i/ih  light   dragoons,  William  Sin-t 

Tlnims  Her\ey  KKves,  late  2d  bat-  clairWemyss,  48th  foot,  John  Grants 

t.Tiion  S4th  foot,  Moore  Disucy,  1st  on  half-pay  of  the  late  ind^p^odentSk 

fuot  gnaid.s  »lobn  Montresor,  80th  John  Smith,  31st  foot,  James  Moore,   . 

foot,  John  Mackenzie,  late  2d  bat-  26th  light  dragoons^  Edwapi  Bay nf>f  ■ 

t-'.lion   7Sth  foot,  WiUiajn   Caryon  76th  foot,  George  Dods worth,  34t^ 

Hughes,    S7th  foot,  PLdward  Corry,  foot,  Charles  Miller,  1st  West  India  . 

on   half-pay  of  the  late    101st  foot,  reigment,  Nath..  Lcvett   Pcacockc, 

S.  F.  d'r  l/Hoste,  on  half-pay  of  the  48th  f(X>t.  Janoes  Stirling,  43d  foot^    . 

late  lO-lih  foot,  Alexander  Garhara  Thopa«  Steele,  of  a  kite  recruiting 

Sterling;,  on  half-pay  of-the  late  122d  corps,   Edward  Witheringlon,  9t| 

fcjot,   hon.  Archibald  Montgi^ner}',  drag(X)ns,  Patrick  Maxwell,  7t^  dra- 

on  half- pay  of  the  late  royal  Glasgow  goon  guards,  James  Latliam,  4th dra^ 

reigment,  H.  Mordaunt  Clavering,  goon  guards,  Rob.  Young,  8thjbot|v. 

of  the  Argyleshire  feneible  infantry,  Charles  Prowne,  on  half-pay  of  tho 

Vs'iilinni  Thomas,  41st   foot,   John  late  ()6th  foot,  Edwiu-d  StcheJ in,  royaj  . 

]Michcl,' I4th  light  dragoons,   StepB.  artillery,  John  Aug.  Schalcb>  TOjfA 

Trotter,   la^e  ]12th  foot,  to  be  co-  artillery,  Burgh.  I/^ighton,  4th  dnr 

lor.cls  in  the  army.  goons,  H.  M.  Merv in  Vavasour,  late,  . 
jMajors  William  Osborn  Hamilton,     1st   horve  grenadier  guards,   Dsivid- 
of  the  aJicient  Irish  fei^cible  infantry,     Ross,  .62d  foot,  Henr)'  Rogers/royil . 
James  Whc<:kr  Unwin,  6oth  foot,     artiller}',  luiwardVicars,  2d  dragoo^  . 
Ihoiims  N'orton  Fowlett,  on  half-pay    guards,  Jamen  Miller,  royal axiltiliery, 
of  tliekue  9.5th  foot,  James  Willt^ck,     Harry  Hutton,   royal  artillery ^-Joliq    . 
"Cju  liulf-pjiy  of  the  late   ()5th   foot,     Hardinjr,    royal    artillery,    William 
FVaiK  !"> 'Jliitcrllcbow,  2d  life  guards,     Johnstone,   royal  engineers,  Fktvtf 
Jlobcrt  V'/^cit,  en  hulf-pay  of  the  late     M.  Sproule,  royal  artillerj',  Edmunj 
]  30th  toot,  .-.ir  Kdward  Gerald  Butler,     I/tmoine,    royal    artillery,   William 
kuii^ht,  h7thf(H)t,Giist.  R.Mathews,     Daeres,  26th  foot,  David  Mellifpn^- 
<- n  iialf-p:iy  ef  liie  late  indeprndentg,     lOihfootj  » hqmas  Jnglis,  on  lialf-p(i]f  . 
Samuel  Need,   27^1  li^ht  dragoons,  "'*'*     of. 


< 
^ 


CHRONICLE. 


489 


B  late.  126tli  foot,  Hen.Willinm  vice. — Lieutenant-colonelJas.  Ta7-. 
lasse,  4tli  foot,  Henry  Raleigh-  lor,  of  the  12th  foot,  to  be  deput/. 
;ht,  2d   foot,   Robert  Douglas,     inspector-general   of  tlie  recruiting 


foot,  Peter  Hayes  Peiit,  35th 
Thomas-  Pc^well,  14th  foot, 
iackweli,.  29th  light  dragoons, 
ael  Venables  Hinde,  ?2d  foot, 
nas  .Norton  .Wynham,  1  st  dra- 
s,  Berkcahead  Glegg,  91  st  fo  t, 
I  Tuffnell,  late  York  Rangers, 
*s  Stuart,  on  half- pay  of  the  late 
>er>dents,  John  Lindall  Borland, 
foot,  hon.  James  Ramsay, 
)ot,  F.  Scretchci ,  OOth  foot,  L. 
beim,  Goih  foot— to  be  lieu- 
it-colouels  in  the  army, 
eutcnant-colonel  John  Browne, 


lieutenant-colonel-commandant    to  his  majesty. 


service  in  Ireland. 

29tb.  Major  John  Cornelius  Hal-, 
kett,  to  be  lieutenant-colonel  of  tlio 
55th    foot. —  Major-general  George. 
Nugent,  to  be  lieutenant-general  ia 
the  island  of  Jamaica  and  its  depen-- 
dencies  only.— ^Major  Rol;)ert  Hony^ 
man,  to  be  lieutenant-colonel  in  the 
army.^  .,..;. 

June  1.  Lieutenant-colonel  C« 
Lewis  Theodore  Shoedde,  tokc  lieii- 
tenant-colonel  of  the  (50th  resjimedt 
of  foot.— Ck)lonel  William  Dyolt, 
of  the  25  til  fook,  to  be  aid-dc-camp. 


5  th    Li ei:^ tenant-general  William 
Spry,   to  be  colonel -commandant ; 
and  lieutenant-general  Robt.  Morse,,: 
to  be  colonel-commandant   of  the 
royal  engineers. 

Major-general    sir   Eyre    Coote, 
knight  of  the  most  honourable  mili- 
tary order  of.  die  Bath,  tlie  royal  li-- 
art,  to  bclieiitcnant-'fovernor  of    cen^e  and  ]iermission  to  receive  and 
sland  of  Grenada  and  its  depen-     \\  car  the  insignia  of  the  order  of  tlic- 

Crescent,  which  the  grand  signior 
hath  transmitted  unto  him. 

Lieutenant-general  William  Grin- 
field,  to  be  commander  of  all  his  ma- 
jesty's  land  forces  serving   in   the 
leeward"  and   windward  Charibbeo 
islands,  and  in  the  island  of  Trinidad. 
.  George  Isaac  Huntingford,  doctor 
.1,    to   be  lieutenaiit-colonel   of ^  in  divinity, ,  to  be  bishop  of  Glou— 
queen's   German    regiment.—-    cester.  .        . 

Dr-general  Charles  D.  count  de  12th.  Lieutenant-colonel  George 
iron,  to  he  licutenant-i.n^.neral.  Vigoreux,  to  be  lieutenant-colonel 
olonel  Ferdinand  baron  Horn-  of  the  royal  garrison  battalion. — Ma- 
h,  to  be  major-general. -  Major  jor  the  honourable  William  Gre^, 
ames  hrAUclin,  bar.^net,  major  to  be  lieutenant-governor  of  Chester, 
iiam   Brav,    luaior  Charir,s  Au-     grarrison. 

To  be  major-generals :  Colonelt 
William  Gent,  and  Thomas  Ni- 
cholls.  To  be  co!o  •(  1 :  Lieutenantr 
colonel  John  Orr.    To  be  lieutenant- 

pojopels  i 


e  statr  corps. 

:)lonel  the  honourable  Alexander 
c>  adjutant-general  in  Ireland, 
deputy  quarter-niaster-gVneral 
le  forces.— Lieutenant-colonel 
ivt  Anstruther,  to  be  adjutant- 
ral  to  the  forces  in  Ireland. 
Ith.   TJie  honourable  Geo.  Vere 


les., 

;u-  right  reverend  fathev  in  God 

-jr   Richard  Bcadon,   bisliop  of 

icester,-  to  be  -translated  to  the 

f  Bath  ai-.d  Wells. 

itii.  Major  .^ir  Pvobert  Wilson,  to 

ieutcnant-colonei  of  a  rrginient 

ounted  ritier.icn.— Mai  or  James 


to  be  iicuicnaiit-coionels  in  tlie 
y. — Lieutenant  -colonel  Francis 
Iiam  Farquhcir,  to  be  dej)iity  in- 
tor-general  of  the  recruiting  ser- 


490         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


crolonrls :  Majors  Rolyrt  Bell,  Tred- 
vay  Clarke,  Rifh:trtl  IIowUv,  nnd 
Andre\vGla<*s,  hi  iJieEast  Indies  onl/. 

15th.  'I  he  most  honourable  Mar>' 
m.irchioncss  of  Do\vri»<hire,  widow 
of  die  most  honourable  Artluir,  late 
marr^uis  of  Downshtre,  to  l)e  lady 
Fandys,  baror:f:s?  of  Omberslc}',  hi 
the  cfinnty  oC  Worcester,  with  re- 
mainder to  ihc  second,  tliird, 
fcurrh,  and  i]iVn  sons,  and  to  their 
isjue  n:aie  respectively  bcgottPD  of 
the  late  Arthar  marquis  of  Down- 
fhire,  and  in  default  of  such  issne 
to  the  most  hen.  Arthur  BliindVU 
Sandys  'J'rainbuil,  marquis  of  Down- 
shire,  eldest  son  of  the  said  A.,  late 
marquis  of  Downshire,  and  the  heira 
male  of  his  body  lawfully  begotten. 

His  grace  Hugh  dukcof  Ni'rthiim- 
lierhnd,  K.  G.  to  be  lord-lieulenant 
of  and  in  ti:rco.  of  N'orthumijcrland, 
and  of  the  town  and  cxDimty  of  New- 
castlt>upon-Tyne. 

3(5ih.  I'hc  ripht  honoui*able  Wil- 
liam  lord  I/nviht^r  to  be  lord-lieu- 
tenant of  the  counties  of  Cumbcr- 
Ijnd  a:ul  AVestnioreland. 

)Sih.  The  rijvht  honotirable  lord 
Wluiworth,  K.  B.  to  be  his  n)a- 
jesty's  ambassador  extraordinary  and 
plenipotenti/iry  to  the  French  re- 
public—James  Talbot,  esq.  to  he  his 
majesty's  secretary  lo  that  embassy. 

22d.  Major  Colquhoun  Grant, 
to  be  lieutenant-colonel  72d  regi- 
tneut  of  foot.  —  Colonel  Marais  Be- 
rcrford,  to  be  brigadier-general  in 
the  windward  and  leeward  Carrib- 
bec  isLinds  onlv. — Lieatenant-colo- 
nel  George  Murray,  to  be  adjutant- 
irriu-rnl  to  the  forces  serving  in  tlie 
Leeward  islands  and  I  rinidad. 

26ih.  The  right  reverend  father 
in  God  Samuf'l  Horsley,  bishop  of 
K(^t  Ik  sti'.r,  to  be  bisho])  of  St.  Asaph. 

2pth.  "William  Fu'lerton,  esq. 
briguuier-gencial   I'honias    Picton, 


and  Samnel  Hood,  esq.  captain  of 
the  ro3ral  navy,  to  be  his  m^jerty'l 
commissioners  for  exe<^ting  Um 
cfff\ce  of  governor  and  conatnaitdjer 
in  chief  in  and  o^-er  his  majest/s 
island  of  Trinidad. — Lientenant^ 
colonel  Lyde  BrowAe,  to  be  liente* 
nant- colonel  of  the  21  st  regimedt' 
of  foot.— Lieutenant-colonel  tofd 
Evelyn  Stuart,  to  be  lienteBaBt-« 
C(Jonel  of  the  22d  foot; 

Juiy  'id.  John  S;njtfi,  esiq«  to 
be  ma.ster  and  worker  of  the  mkt. 

3d.  Tlie  right  honoorsble  HesBj 
Addington,  Charles  Small  Pybds, 
esq.  George  Thynne,  esq.  (com- 
monly called  lord  George  Thynne),  • 
Nathaniel  Bond,  and  John  Hilef 
Addington,  esqrs.  to  be  comraissioa^ 
ers  for  executing  the  office  of  trah 
surer  of  his  majesty's  exchequer. 

5x.h.  Francis  Drake,  esq.  to  bo 
his  majesty 's  envoy  extraordinary  and 
njiuister  plenipotentiary  at  the  court 
of  his  sciene  highness  the  ekctei 
Palatine. 

O'th.  Tl>c  honourable  William-  . 
"Wellesley  I'ole,  to  bfe  clerk  of  the 
ordnance  of  the  united  kingdom  rf 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  in  th^ 
1*00 m  of  John  Siugent,  esq. — rThe 
right  honourable  Robert  Stewart  - 
(viscount  Castlerengh)  J  his  grictf 
William  Henry  Cavendish,  duke  of 
Portlnnd  j  the  right  honourable  Bo^ 
berr  Hanks  Jenkin»*on  (lord  Hawkefln 
bury)  j  the  right  honourable  R<>bert 
baron  Hobnrt,  and  the  right  hofioQi^ 
able  Thomas  baron  Pclhamj  ikd 
right  honourable  Henry  Addington^ 
his  grace  James  duke  of  Montrose; 
the  right  honourable  Sylvester  bardi| . 
Glenbeniej  the  right  honourabte 
AVilliam  l^undas  ;  the  right  honour- 
able  1  homas  Wallace ;  the  right  bo-i 
noinable  Charles  John  bartjn  ArdeUj^ 
and  K<hvard  Golding,  esq.  to  be  ' 
his    majesty *s    comuiissioners    for 

thf 


CHRONICLE. 


491 


anagement  of  the  affiors  of 

1.  Evan  Nepean,  of  Loders 
)thenhampton,  in  the  county 
rset,  esq.  to  be  a  baronet  of 
ited  kingdojn. 

lor  William  Myers,  to  be  lieu- 
-colonel  of  the  62d  regiment 
)t.— Colonel  the  honourable 
Broderick,  to  be  coloncl-com- 
mt  of  a  battalion  of  infantry. — 
aiant-colonel  Henry  Clinton, 
;  1st  foot  guards,  to  be  adju- 
eneral  to  the  king's  troops  in 
Jast  Indies. — Lieutenant-colo- 
[iles  Nightingale,  of  the  38th 
:o  be  quarter-master-general  to 
ng's  troops  in  the  East  Indies, 
h.  Lieutenant-colonel  Edward 
'  Littlehales,  and  Archibald 
I,  esqrs.  to  be  baronets  of  •tlijs 
I  kingdom. 

h.  The  right  honourable  Ho- 
v^iscount  and  barun  Nelson  of 
ile,  the  royal  license  and  per- 
>n  to  receive  -md  wear  the  en- 
3f  knight  grand  commander  of 
[uestrian  secular  and  capitular 
of  saint  Joachim. 
h.  William  Elliott,  esq.  to 
ajor-commandaiic  of  the  Rox- 
L  gentlemen  and  yeomanry  ca- 

:h.  Lieutenant' G-eneral  Abra- 
D'Aabant,  to  be  colonel-com^' 
ant  3  colonel  John  Evelegh,  to 
lonelj  lieutenant-colonel  Wil- 
Johnston,  to  be  litutenant-co- 
,   in   the  corps  of  royal  engi- 

• 

th.  Lord  Arden",  of  the  king- 
of  Ireland,  to  be  baron  Arden, 
rden,   in  the  county  of  War- 

»rd  Sheffield,  -^f  ihe  kingdom  of 
id,   to   be  baroii   Sheiiield,    of 
ield,  in  thecor.niy  of  York. 
th,   Lieuteaant-^encral  Ban^s^ 


tre  Tarleton,  to  be  colonel  of  the 
21st  light  dragoons. 

31st.  Lieutenant-colonel  Hobert 
Pringle,  to  be  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  38th  foot. 

August  3d.  Robert  LiFinrn,  esq, 
to  be  his  majesty's  envoy  cxtraordi^ 
nary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  to 
the  Batavian  republic. 

John  Hunter,  esq  to  be  his  msi- 
jesty's  consul-general  at  Madod. 

The  reverend  Thonpias  Daoipier, 
doctor  in  divinity,  to  be  bislK^  of 
the  see  of  Rochester. 

The  reverend  William  Vintent, 
doctor  in  divinity,  one  of  the  pre- 
bendaries of  the  collegiate  clnirch 
of  St.  Peter,  Westminster,  to  be 
dean  of  he  said  collegiate  church  of 
St.  Peter,  Westminster. 
.  The  reverend  Edward  Dupre, 
clerk,  IX  D.  to  be  dean  6i  the  island 
of  Jersey. 

7th.  Major  James  Robinson,  to 
be  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  15tli 
regiment  of  foot. — Major  William 
Johnston,  to  be  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  28th  ]*egiment  of  foot, — Major 
John  Worth,  to  be  lieutenant-colo- 
nel of  the  1st  Devonshire  reg.  of 
gentlemen  and*  yeomanry  cavaliy.— 
Lieutenant-colonel  Joshua  Roach,  to 
be  captain  of  a  troop  oi  the  Pem- 
brokeshire gentlemen  and  yeomanry 
cavalry. 

17th.  General  Guy  lordDorchw^ 
ter,  K.  B.  to  be  colonel  of  the  4th 
regiment  of  dragoons.- — Major-ge- 
neral William  Lottus,  to  be  colouf^l 
of  I  he  27  til  ditto. — Major  James 
Orde,  to  be  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
4th  regiment  of  foot. — Major  James 
Ferrier,  to  be  lieutenant-colonel  of 
tlie  Scotch  brigade. 

Lieutenant-colonel   George  Bur- 
gess .  Morden,    of    the  60th    foot, 
to  be  deputy  adjutant-general  to  the 
forces  in  the  LeewarcJ  islands. — Ar- 
thur 


492         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1502. 


thnr  liayn^s,  e-^q.  to  be  deputy 
commissaiy-orncral  of  stores,  pro- 
visions, and  lorage,  to  tlie  forces  in 
tlie  Mediterranean.— Major  Terence 
0'lx)j;hlin,  to  Ik*  maj«)r  and  lieute- 
rant-i:obniel  in  the  1st  regiment  of 
lifc-ijjiianls. 

21st.  Sir  John  Borlase  Warren, 
baronet,  kni^xht  of  the  most  honour.- 
chk-  order  of  t!^e  Bath,  and  rear-ad- 
miral ui  the  %Nhite  s(iiiadron  of  his 
majesty's  fleet,  to  be  his  majesty's 
ambassador  extraordinary  and  ple- 
ni])otentiary  at  llie  court  of  St.  Pe- 
tersburgh. 

24 ih.  Reverend  Samuel  Good- 
en(H:.ih,  clerk,  LL.  D.  lo  be  dean  of 
the  cathedral  church  of  RnrJiester. 

2Sth.  General  R;tl|ih  J)i!ndas,  to 
be  Governor  of  Dnncannon  Fort. 

Sept.  4th.  Major  lord  Charles 
}jcniinck,  to  belicutcnant-coloucl  of 
the«)8th  regiment  of  foot. 

f>th.  John  Hookham  Frere,  esq. 
to  he  cTivoy  extraordinary  and  mi- 
nister plenipotentiary  to  the  court 
of  Madrd. 

irrxht  hon.  lord  Robert  Stephen 
Filzj^erald,  to  be  envoy  extraordi- 
Tiar)'  and  minister  plenipotentiary 
to  the  court  of  Lisbon. 

7th.  Lieute:iai.t-gcncral  James 
Ogilvie,  to  be  colonel  of  the  32d 
iooi. — Major-general  sir  Eyre  Coote, 
K.  i».  lo  be  colonel  of  the  2C)th 
foot. 

8th.  Sir  John  Borlase  Warren, 
K.  B,  to  be  of  liis  majesty's  most 
hon.  privy  council. 

1  Jth.  Francis- James  Jackson,  esq. 
to  be  envoy  extraordinary  and  mi- 
nister plenipotentiary  to  fhe  court  of 
Berlin. 

1.5ili.  T/irutenant-Cdlonel  sir  John 
]^ou:;ias,  of  the  royal  marines,  to 
be  e(|u<^ny  to  his  ro}al  highness  the 
d:ike  oi  Sussex. 

Major-general  Thctna.!  Grosyenor, 


lo  be  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  7th.  '^ 
foot. 

18th    Cd.  Charles  baron  Horn- 
pcsch,  to  be  major-general  in  the,- 
arm)^ 

22d.  Right  hon.  sir  Charia 
Morgan,  bart.  and  right  hon.  John 
Smith,  to  be  privy  counsellors. 

25  th.      Lieutenant-colonel  lorf  ' 
Charles  Bentinck,  and  lieut.-cokmd  ! 
Wm.  Henr)'  Pringle,  to  be  captaioi  " 
of  companies  in  the  Coldstream  regi- 
ments of  guards. 

27  th.  Colonel  Prevost,  to  beomt. 
general  and  go\  emor  in  chief  of  Afe 
island  of  Dominica. — Colonel  Ed- 
mund earl  of  Cork,  to  be  lieutenant? 
col.  of  the  4th  foot  — Major  Chaikf 
Strickland,  to  be  lieutenant-col.  of 
ditto. — J /leu tenant-col.  Francis  Jolii 
Colman,  to  be  lieut. -colonel  of  the  • 
08th  foot.— Major  Francis  SatW  . 
Rcbow,  major  and  Heutenant-colo-. 
nrl  in  the  2d  regimentof  life  guaidk 

28di.  Major  Arthur  GorCj  to  hi 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  fifth  foot;' 

Oct,  9tli.  The  honourable  £dw3ri- 
Le<r<:c,  clerk,  bachelor  of  laws,  to 
Iv'  a  prcbf  ndar)'  of  St.  George,  iault  " 
cattle  of  Windsor. 

121I1.  Lieutcnant^colonel  WiBian 
Cochell,  to  be  lieatenant-colond  of ' 
tlie  5rh  regiment  of  foot. — lieali 
col.  Tho.  Barrow,  to  be  lieut-cdi 
of  the  5th  West  India  regin^entrr 
Col.  sir  Richard  Basset,  to  be  lieuL- 
colonel  of  the  6th  ditto.  —  Lieut- 
col.  Tho.  Barrow,  to  be  col.  at  the 
]5ay  of  Honduras  only. 

Nov.  2d.    Lieutenant-colonel  A* 
Gore,  to  be  lieuteuant^colbnel  of  thfc  ■ 
33d  foot.  • 

ytli.  Assistant  commlssaiy  Hugb 
Kennedy,  to  be  deputy  cominissaij- 
general     of  stores,  provisicHiSj  and' 
forage  to  the  forces. 

20th.  First  royal  gjirpson  battler ' 
lion,  licut. -genital  W .  tdmistou,  to 


CHRONICLE. 


4»3 


lel. — Colonel  A.  Mair,  to  l>e 

nt colonel. — Major  C.  Leigh, 

lajor. 

itto,  lieutenant-colonel  David 
to  be  colonel. — Licntciiant- 
G.   Vigoiireux,   to  he  lieiit. 

— Captain  James  Rose,  to  be 

)itto,  lieutenant-general  Jas. 
line,  to  be  colonel. — JViajor  J. 
to  be  lieutenant-colonel. — 
major  W.  West,  to  be  major, 
)itto,  lieutenanl-general  Grice 
y,  to  be  colonel, 
iitto,  lieu  tenant,  general  Ch. 
k,  to  be  colonel. — Major  J. 

Cook,  to  be  licutenant- 
— Captain  Robert  M'Rea, 
lajor. 

2b  th.  Northamptonshire 
len  and  yeomanry  cavalry, 
VV.  Ralph  Cartwright,  to  be 
mt-colonel,  vice  tlie  earl  of 
liam,  who  resigns. 
;rn  regiment  oi  Somersetshire 
lan  and  }'eomanry  cavalry, 
rohn  Tyndalc  Warre,  to  be 
mt-colonel,  vice  Hanning, 
iigns. 

mission  in  the  Stirlins:,  Dum- 
Clackmannan,   and  Kiiiross 

it  of  North  Rrilish  militia, 
by   the   lord   lieutenant   of 

;shire. 

duke  of  Montrose  to  be  col. 

June  26,  IfcO'i. 

missions  in  the  Avrshire  reir. 
h  British  mil  ilia,  siirneJ  bv  the 
jutenant  and  a[)pr(»ved  of  by 
.ijesty. — To  be  colonel,  the 
ion.  Archibald  lord  Muntgo- 
Dated  Oct.  22,  lt302.— To 
utenant-colonel.  —  Sir  liuirh 
ipie  Hamilton^  bart.  Dated 
4,  1802, 


DEATHS  in  the  Year  18Q2. 

Jan.  1st.  Walford  Phillips,  esq.  of 
Stourbridge,  in  the  commission  of 
the  peace,  and  a  deputy  lieutenant 
ior  tJieco.  of  Worcester  for  20  years. 
At  l-yons,  M.  Aranco,  ex-minister 
of  linance  of  tlie  Cisalpine  republic, 
and  deputy  to  the  consulta. 

2d.  Of  a  decline,  al  Kenegie,  near 
Penzance  in  Cornwall,  universal/ 
esteemed,  in  his  48th  year,  George 
second  lord  Rodney,  eldest  son  of 
die  late  admiral  Rodney,  who  wai 
ennobled  1782.  He  married  Anne, 
second  daughter  and  coheiress-apjMi- 
rent  of  Thomas  Harley,  aklemian  di 
Loudon,  by  whom  he  has  left  two 
daughters,  and  ten  sons.  His  re- 
mains were  interred  in  the  family 
vault  in  Hampshire," 

At  lord  Leslie's  house,  at  Shi*ub- 
hill,  liear  Dorking,  Surrey,  his  lcr<l- 
ship's  youngest  daughter,  the  boo. 
Miss  Charlotte  Julia  Leslie.  • 

Samuel  Turner,  esq.  F.  11.  S.  in 
his  43d  year,  formerly  in  the  seivlce 
of  the  East  India  company.  Capt. 
Turner  had  distinguished  iiimsclf 
at  the  fir.st  siege  of  Scriiigapatam, 
and  had  likewise  the  honour  to  be 
appointed. on  the  embassy  to  Tipoo 
Saib,  where  he  not  only  acquired 
fame  and'  profit,  but  esuiblished 
himself  in  tlie  opinion  of  the  com- 
pany, ai3  a  person  of  superior  talents, 
ami  w^as  appointed  in  consequence 
at  the  head  of  the  embassy  lo  the 
Grand  Lama,  which  tiirnihiied  him 
witii  .materials'  fur  compiling  a 
very  curious  and  interesting  accx>unt 
of  that  country',  to^cdi^r  witli  a 
naruitive  of  his  traxejs'  through 
Boutan  and  ])art  of  Tliibcf.*  For 
thi/r  work,  v/hiclrhtid  an  extensive 
and  rap'd  sale,  the  cot\ipany  ga^e/ 
him,  as  a  niiuk  of llieii*  approliaticn, 
^00  guineas.  During*  his  si  ay  '^  fa- 
^iu  he  .aiu^sed  considerable  .u  c;jllh. 

Hi;* 


404,        ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802. 


H's  dr:cth  'vas  occi-ionedbv  a  stroke 
r.f  th*  V:l-v,  v.i.:Mi  ejitirelv  de- 
privtd  him  cf  rJ.e  use  of  one  side,  and 
v  i . '  ■  1  att  Hr k«.-? I  him  about  twelve 
C'.//r:,  f.n  t]ic  liight  of  the  21st 
fit  lj':rrn:htr,  in  jwssing  throueh 
CL:irch-7ard  ailcv,  Fetter-bne :  he 
w:.«»  JrorTi  theii<:e<.cr.\eytd  to  St.  An- 
drew 3  '.vuich-hfiu-t:,  and  the  next 
m^rr.in^  tnkcu  V)  the  wfjrkhoiis'^, 
h:i\ip^  ren;rit)«-d  oA  the  time  in  to- 
tl  iiL-riiH-L/iiify.  Here  with  some 
dlifiL-i.lty  hia  name  and  connections 
v.'cT':  abcc:t::incd.  The  latter  were 
in  1  media  tdydii^patched  for:  on  their 
arrival  they  w.tc  very  solicitous  to 
have  him  removed  thence,  but 
doctors  Marshall  and  Remolds, 
VI  ho  were  now  called  in,  did  not 
think  i(  expedient,  and  tiiere  he  ex- 
pired f»n  the  niominjr  of  Januar}'  2. 
Ih;  lia?  h.ft  a  valuable  estate  in 
Glcuccsttrahiri:.  His  heirs  are  his 
sister',  oMf  Oi"  whom  is  married  to 
prol'i^^sor  White,  of  Oxford. 

3d.  At  tdinbnri^h,  Dr.  William 
Spcncc,  late  of  l-arnichirst,  in  his 
7  iJtli  year  :  he  was  of  great  eminence 
in  his  ))rofcssiou  of  physician,  and 
\i'a.s  the  first  who  diico\  cred  ihe  greiit 
efiii  acy  of  the  bark  in  malignant 
fcAcrs  :!ncl  putrid  disorders. 

In  Ireland,  capt.  P.  Chapman,  of 
the  K.  X.  He  was  one  of  the  oflicers 

• 

who  we! it  witJi  lord  Macartney 
ijn  I  ho  embassy  to  China,  and  was 
t::M  lieutenant  of  the  Triumph,  in 
j«;rd  Duncan's  action  otf  Camper- 
down,  wlicrc  hi:  was  wounded.  For 
hi 3  g'od  conduct  that  day  he  was 
iiiiide  cjptain. 

'I'lii  iU)\v:ic:r.T  lady  Nortlicote,  at 
her  stjn's  '^rat  at  Pine. 

l>ady  Fletcher,  in  her  73d  year  : 
she  wa^  rern:l  of  sir  Lionel  Wright 
Vane  I'lctcher,  and  mother  of  sir 
Frederick  Vane. 

Sih.  The  rev.  Herbert  Mayo, 
rector  of  thiQ  parish  of  St.  George, 


Middlesex,  and  \icar  of  the  pnUl 
of  ToUesbuiy,  £»iex  :  he  had  it> 
uined  the  great  age  of  B2,  na^ 
fifty  of  which  he  had  spent  in  toe 
most  useful  and  laborious  disdnqgfi 
of  the  sacred  duties  comnuttBd  to 
him.  He  nianied  the  daughter  cf 
William  Paggen,  of  Elthaxn,  esq.  bf 
whom  he  has  left  two  sods,  FanoH 
William,  M.  D.  {^ysician  at  Jjdd' 
ra&ter,  and  Charles,  of  St.  Jblm'i 
college,  Oxford,  late  Saxon  praftno^ 
and  two  daughters. 

6th,  At  Wadley-luNise,  BeA% 
the  right  hon.  William  EowVi 
discount  Ashbrooke,  and  baron  <£ 
Castle-Durrcm',  in  Ireland.  He  wh 
bom  iu  1767,  and  received  his  ed»* 
cation  at  Eton,  and  afterwards  it 
the  university  of  Oxford  :  atifacap 
of  13  he  succeeded  to  the  penap 
by  the  death  of  his  father,  WiUisnk 
Dyingr  unmarried,  his  titles  devoba 
on  his  only  brother  the  hon.  Heaqf 
Flower,  captain  in  the  58th  r^imeat 
of  foot.  The  Flowers  of  Gasdo* 
Durmw  (originally  of  Oakham  ia 
Rutlandshire)  ha^x  floorished  it 
Ireland  since  the  time  of  quBSn 
Elizabeth,  where  that  branch  was 
fixed  by  sir  William  Flower^  vho 
was  knighted  for  his  services  in  1b| 
reduction  of  that  kingdom.  :  * 

Of  a  paralytic  stroke,  at  his  faoOH 
near  Kingston,  aged  S3,  sir  ThoBMI 
Kent 

Lady  Wright,  in  her  70th  jem^ 
at  Bath,  wite  of  sir  James  Wrig^ 
of  Hoy-house  Essex,  and  ttd^ 
daughter  of  sir  William  Stndeloai 
hart,  of  Grays-court  near  OxronL  ' 

7th.  William  Brown,  esq.  agid 
70 :  he  sen'ed  the  office  of  l^|h 
sheriflof  Cumberland  in  1/90. 

8th.  In  Basinghall-street,  jusdf 
and  deservedly  lamented,  aged  Jt** 
Gabriel  Leekey,  esq.  who  was-n^ 
wards  of  53  years  an  inhabitanU 
and  for  37  years  one  of  the  csom* 

moo* 


1 


t  < 
I. 


CHRONICLE. 


435 


«aimcU  of  the  ware}  of  Bassi- 

• 

le  rev^  father  Arthur  OXeary, 
73>  indubitably,  for  his  singu- 
>wer3  of  mixid,  and  the  great 
mce  be  posseased  with  his 
trymen  the  Iri»h  of  liis  own 
Asion^  one  of  the  most  extra- 
ary  men  of  his  day.  He  was 
irat  Roman  catholic  clergyman 
dared  to  argue,  much  less  to 
^  against  a  j>ei'j?on  of  a  different 
on,  since  the  enaction  of  the 
ry  laws.  His  fiist  literary  pro- 
oa  was  directed  with  nmaz- 
mccess  against  a  Dr.  Blair  of 
:,  who  attempted  to  revive  the 
odox  doctrines  of  Servctus. 
next  estab  ished,  by  his  verj' 
ed  and  eloquent  writings,  the 
>rtant  and  now  uncontro\crted 
ine,  that  tlie  Roman  catholics 
dand  might,  consistently  with 
religion,  swear  that  the  pope 
sscd  no  teniporal  authority  in 
xjountry  ;  which  was  the  only 
itton  on  which  anv  relaxation  of 
penal  statutes  was  granted  to 
I.  He  was  about  this  time,  1/87, 
Ificd  by  Dr.  Woodward,  the 
«tant  bishopof  Cloyne ;  and  his 
.,  which  confhunded  his  an- 
«st,  is  allowed  to  be  a  mastcif- 
;  of  wit  and  argument.  His  other 
actions  were  of  a  miscellaneous 
various  nature.  In  nothing 
he  more  conspicuous  than  in 
ibhorrencc  of  popular  tumult, 
•  the  tatfil  consequences  to  be 
ihendcd  from  the  interference 
ic.  mukitude  with  the  legisla- 
:  in  the  same  spirit  did  he 
ke  the  White  Boys  of  the  south 
eland,  and  the  associated  pro- 
ots  of  the  capital  of  the  empire. 
.-Wesley,, the  defender  of  lord 
'ge  Gordon  and  his  infuriated 
,  fdt  tlje  force  of  Juj»  reasoning 


and  the  keenness  of  his  raillery.  So 
justly  were  his  merits  and  his  pa- 
fciotism  appreciated  in  Ireland, 
that,  on  his  final  departure  from  that 
country,  tlie  government  bestowed 
upon  him,  in  a  manner  highly  cre- 
ditable to  it,  a  pension  -,  and  gave 
him  the  strongest  rccommonda* 
tions  to  this  countiy,  where  he  to- 
tally resided  for  many  years  pre- 
vious to  his  decease.  And  here 
a  new  career  of  u^:efulness  opened 
upon  him.  Before  bis  arrival,  the 
wretched  inhabitants  of  St.  Giles'd 
and  its  neighbourhood,  mostly  ca- 
tholics and  of  the  lower  order,  wtre 
immersed  in  every  species  of  im- 
morality and  irreligion,  do^ibtless 
arising  in  a  great  measure  from  tjie 
want  of  a  place  of  public  worship 
and  proper  pastors.  With  the  most 
unwearied  zeal,  and  after  enduring 
numberless  mortificatiGns  and  dis- 
aj)pointments,  he  succeeded  iu  esta- 
blishing St.  Patrick's  chapel,  Soho, 
and  may  indeed  be  said  to,  have 
consecrated  it  by  his  virtues  and 
talents.  From  tliis  period,  the  ame- 
lioration in  the  manners  and  habits 
of  these  poor  wretches  was  ex- 
tremely visible,,  and  the  very  best 
consequences  have  already  arisen, 
and  maybe  confidently  looked  to, 
from  the  institution.  He  had  btely 
been  in  France  for  the  recoveiy  of 
his  health,  and  returned  only  two  days 
previous  to  his  death,  which  took, 
place  at  his  lodgings  in  Great  Port- 
land-street. His  obsequies  were  c\?- 
lebrated  in  a  magnificent  manner 
at  St.  Patrick's  chapel  5  and  he 
was  followed  to  Pancras,  the  place 
of  his  interment,  by  nearly  2000 
real  mourners  ! 

John  Cockburne,  esq.  aged  89  : 
he  was  paymaster-general  of  the 
forces  at  the  battle  of  Detiingen^ 
and  upwards  of  50  years  storekeeper 

of 


496  ANNUAL    REGISTER,    180«. 

cf  'h ^  cr-.ir.?. nee  ai  V.  ■: ', '. w  \zz,^  Lcr?     WkII ,  j us t  a 5  he  ascended  thr <*pi 
Lo  :lr-.  Lii:::^   to  the   court,  dropt 


Tl-c  cia'i-rLitfT  cf  iLr  J>l\u  Hjr-  !n  a  ti:,  and  expired  in  two 'orifcti 

rir.it::,,  L^:t.  iiiLrtUidS  !  he  ba^left  ten  ehiUiclL 

loui. 'ineho-.:2i;-CL:h.  F/.^.-h.ri-  z:-'    At    Ash,  near    WrolhaiBp 

d  -iidiuriitrr  ,.rj  ji.i*.  .r.  jr  U^r,. .  at'c;    (i2»  a  man   named-  C6fls& 

il:l..    Mr.   X-::h.\.jj:,  a  voui.^  v  Lo  v- j.-  ixjni  and  e>Lpired  nr  t|ie 

gcir.lininn  ot   E.  :ia--trvdt,  :.>  taii-  5».n;e  L jUikt,  "  irom  whicn  he  had  not 

in^  i::id-.-r  thr  :c^.  aS.w-r  -:.\  i:-  the  piu^i-'i  ore  night  during  hi*  long  life 

c%t:»::::r,   vLi^r  =1  it::.;  r:i  t.;,-  >cr-  2.3c.  i[r5    Sandetson,  aged  9%   ! 

p.T.::ix-rver ;  -1-.,,  ^  li  tii-  f,^rrx  cay,  n... u.er  ot  the  late  sir  Janaes  tSandef- 

tiiv? -kjnoiMr.  Sn:"_h,  ^:  Honitr:..:!,  >')n,  bart.   lord  mayor  cJf  LoAdoil 

tri  j:u  I  he  ^ a  i  r.c  j..  v  k"  c- :: : .  1 7. ' '  •                                           ■      ' 

At  K:iij:i:t:L* j-_.r,  the  LxitSratci  'loxh.  Lord  North,  the  infimtiB# 

iir    March,    liic  uciiilat  :  iic  was  or*;v  on  of  the  earl  of  GufUfiildf 


bv'Mi-s   Coatts.  dan^tdr  of  the 
banker  of*  that  name.  •"^'  ■ 


a  :?\veuti  i-v  \:\:\).i. 

1 J I  h .  ^*  I J 1  •  ■ :-  J .  h  :i  -  Henry    Lar.  e , 

late  t;i  tiir  fc4'.ii  t    .:  At  Eichstadt,  in  Germany/  "^dt 

Mr>.    M*kvi:/.:c,    v.Ltl-    ct    c.!.  Gtrrman  Amazon/*  Johanna-^fan 

Alci.aLi  }j-:x  M  •  j.  c i: .. : ? ,  con:i iV^nc^in t  Ket tneren ,  a  native  of  that  plsn 

cftlic  7::ih2".._i,  aiia  aisici  ;o  lord  at  the  advanced  age  of  841-  8lic 

Stiuorrl!.  had  acquired  ihe  above  03016;%. 

A  t  ij  J  LI ,  i  11    h:  r  ZlA.  y  r  jr,  b  dy  her  ha  v  i  11  j  j  tncd  nearly  20years  d6l» 

CLirltii- N.tr.5.    V.  iiL-c-r   :he   rev.  gui^hed  L.a  a  foot  soldier  iii  the^lisik 

'h'l\y.sl\jj:-z,  .'.i.i  il.ird  daughter  ot  Austria  :   on  her  "Sex  beingniH 

to  xl:c.  tl ..!-:.    :  T^i^lb'  r..L:zl:.  covered,    the  received    a 


I7:h.  In  Duj.in.  >.;:i^ul1  Dick,  from  the  empress  Maria-TlieMrif 

c^<..  a:i    cii-iiirLt  :i:e:xh:\r:t    there,  her  lite.     She  had  been  fm^patf 

v.hj  li2.5irt:  \r.pLT:y  tj  the  amount  wounded  during  that    peri6d^'*lM 

oi -^sj^j.ij^juL  Was  interred,   as- flhe  desired/ iflk 

l."?::!.    !  h2  hen.   Miss  Frimrose  the  honours  of iidr.    *  .-.i*''! 

Llpi.iii-.ioiie.  Jt.hn  Cartier,  esq.  late 


Itiii.  A:  K::::burjli,  Mary  Clare,  of  Bengal,  in  his   69th  yeartriB 

Ldy  Lii'j  :iik.  succeeded  to    that    high  sRaatiap 

'^'A\i.  ILcj  rtv.  ?  tuu'-cl  fk^rdmore,  in  the  beginning  of  the  year..Ij9v 

ill    hii    oj.i  yta:,    and    '11  years  on  the  departure  of  MnVertit} 

nit-ivr  of  ti.e  Ci:::rtor-lxu-ie  school :  and  was  succeded himself,  hi4)9^- 


j  V.:) I  p  I. b.  >  1: t d ,  *  •  f  pt  c  i  II A" 1 1 3     by  Mr.  Hastings. 
of  ;!:':  i:tnv.:y  K;L--oiii'ula:.^e   in  the        Aged  77,  Bailie  Donald  MfMi* 


V-'c:!.-!  cf  PjpvLj  ^'^dv,  A.C.  in  a  bcri-js  so:* ;    he  Wiis  an  ensign 

oiLrurs."  laic    prettnrter,    at  the   batdei  *«f 

lliv^   hon.    Miss   Kllza    jedrics^  Pre?tiin,   Penrith,  and  Falkirkir'*^ 

o\v^   i.'f    the   nj.i:Ls  of    honour  to  ■  e-cortcdthi-piiiice  thrcugh  ilMhil^fc 

i\.c  r.\::{A\.  and  saw  him  ^ate  on  die  boideiBiv 

?.i:ij'..r  Wi::tcr,    cf  t'ne  artillery-,  bky.     He  >»'as  \ery  lately  appdnlgi" 

wh.>  had  conic  Ly  tL^v.ii  from  ^^'ocI-  ensign  by  his  i-.iajeiiiy  in  tite-W" 

^\cl\,  to  ap;).'ar  at  tiic   Old  P alley  vihe  vciuiiteers.      :-  ■■.  ■*--r*'-'^ 


a*  J    \..::i^-i  ill  L. half  of  goverHwr         Lady  Jane  Couanayy 


CHRONICLE. 


497 


lis  of  Bute^  in  her  seventy- 
year. 

ly  lAicy  Me)rrick,  widow  of 
5  Meyrick,  esq.  and  daughter 
late  earl  of  Londonderry, 
h.  The  infant  son  of  lord  G. 
kvendish. 

e  youngest  daughter  of  general 
• 

ttenry  William  Sheridan,  bart. 
brd-house,  Kent. 
h.    At  his  house,  in  EiyTplace, 
n,  the  right  honourable-  John 
hbon>  oarl  of  Clare,  viscount 
ibbon,    baron    Fitzgibbon    of 
r  Connello  in  Ireland,  and  lord 
ibbon,  of  Sedbury  in  England, 
ligh  chancellor  of  Ireland,  Scq, 
X.  (See  Characters  of  this  vol). 
th.  Aged  62,   George  Wallis, 
X  author   of  several    medical 
s  of  reputation,  the  most  popu- 
'  which  is  "  The  Art  of  pre  vent- 
diseases,  and  restoring  Healtli." 
in    Fleming,     esq.      He  was 
bon  of  the  celebrated  antiqua* 
Browne  Willis,  and  had  repre- 
d  Southampton  in  parliament 
al  times. 

re.  Golden,  of  Hilton,  inCleve- 
ia  her  112th  year.     She  pos- 
d  her  faculties  unimpaired  to 
lour  of  her  death, 
lomas  lord  Graves,    baron  of 
esend,  and  admiral  of  the  white, 
lordship  was  elevated  to  the 
ig«  (with  a  pension  of  lOQOl.  a 
I  for  his  services  on  tlie  glorious 
of  June  1794,   when  he  was 
oded  in  the  shoulder.     He  was 
icd  to  the  coheiress  of  William 
e  Williams,  by  whom  he  has 
:wo  sons  and  two  daughters, 
[rs.  Anne  Pikemau,  aged  100. 
?k.  l«t.    Paul  Vailiant,  esq.  in 
}7th  year,  father  of  the  com- 
r  of  stationers. 

I.  A  t  Batli,  Arn^r  Lowry  Corry, 
of  Belmore^  viscount  and  boroxv 
oL.  XLIV. 


Belmore,  &c.  of  Castle  Coolc,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Ireland.  His  lordship  ts 
succeeded  by  his  only  son  Somerset 
Ix)wry,  lord  Corry,  M.  P.for  the^ 
county  of  Tyrone.  He  wts  twice 
married,  viz.  1st;  to  tlie  lady  Mar- 
garet  Butler  (by  whom  he  had  tbs 
above),  daughter  of  the  earl  Of  Car- 
rick,  who  died  in  1777'  ^e  ^as. 
2dly  married  to  lady  Henrietta  Ho- 
bart,  daughter  to  the  carl  of  Buck- 
ingiiamshire,  by  whom  he  had  one 
daughter,  and  from  whom  he  was 
divorced  in'  170;  her  ladyship 
remarried  the  earl  of  Ancram. 

The  right  honourable  Welbore 
Ellis,  LL.D.  F.R.S.  baron  Mcndip, 
of  Somersetshire.  (Sec  Chronicle  for 
Feb.) 

The  honourable  Mrs.  Talbot,  at 
Brereton,  in  Staflbrdshire. 

3d.  Aged  60,  the  rev.  Gcor]ge 
Watson  Hand,  IVLA.  archdeacon  of 
Dorset,  and  prebendary  of  the  ca- 
thedrals of  St.  Paula's  and  Salisbiuy. 
4th.  Isaac  Solly,  esq.  of  Jeflcries- 
square;  an  eminent  merchant. 

The  infant  son  of  lord  Franci* 
Godolphin  Osborne. 

At  Ayr,  aged  65,  lady  Hamilton, 
relict  of  sir  Henry  Hamilton,  of 
Castle  Cunningham,  county 'of  Do<- 
negal,  Ireland. 

At  Bath,  Charlotte  countess  of 
Leicester,  wife  of  George  ear)  of 
Leicester,  to  whom  she  w^g  mamed 
25th  Dec.  1777.  She  was  daughter 
of  Eaton  Mainwaring  Ellerker,  pf 
Risby,  county  of  Yoik.  She  has 
left  two  sons  and  three  daughter^:, 
Hei*  remains  were  interred,  with 
ereat  solemnity,  at  Rainhamr  in 
NorfoVk,  the  family  scat  of  the  mar-  ' 
quis  Townshend,  father  of  the  carl 
of  Xicicester. 

6th.  At  Belton,  in  D* icestexshire, 

col.  Hastings,  Iprmrrly  of  the  guards. 

7th.    Mr,  So^^    apothecary,    of 

Bath,  in  hii  64th  feat,  weU  kn«w0 

^    &  k  Si 


498         ANNUAL    REGI9TE-R,    1S02. 


as   tlir  oiuJior  of  the  Mejitliae  liri- 
taiini'.'i*.*. 

■  ()lh.  At  his  ho\\<c.,  in  Mansfickl- 
9Xi\\'\,  Ji'jvcd  02,  his  grace  Aubrey 
j(jcarxKir,  iliikc  of  St.  Allnin's,  c*ail 
of  liuiMoiil,*  baron  of  Htdiiiglon, 
baron  Xric  of  Haiiv.oilh,  hcrcJilaiy 
graiul  i'alcontT  of  England,  and  ro' 
gibirat  of  the  court  of  chancery.  He 
married  in  l/Ci;)  the  daughter  of  the. 
<.arl  c»f  3k"-boroiigh,  by  \vhpnihc  had 
tlircfi  sons  and  three  daughters,,  and 
in  jjiiceeeded  by  his  eldest  son,.  Au- 
brey, earl  of  Burjord.  liis  remains 
\V(n  interred  at  Ifanworth. 
.  lOih.  In  her  lOOdyear,  Eli'/nbeth 
Stodhart;  at  Kirton,  near  ,Bngg^, 
county  of  Lincoln.  SI ic  was  scarcely 
e\er  known  to  have  had  a  day's  Ul- 

i:;ih.  In  K'rcy-street,  \VillIam 
i^rov.  ne,  esq.  late  go\enior  of  the 
trnnudas. 

,  A.t  her  father's  house,  Stratford- 
j/laee,  lady  Ilarrii.t  Poulctt,  thii*d 
dauditer  of  earl  Poulett. 

14tli.  At  the  dcanr>'- house,  York, 
aj>:ed  88,  tlie  rev.  John  Fountayne, 
D.D.  dean  of  York. 

Id  ill.  AVillinm  I>ennox,  esq.  fir^t 
aetiiui;  txirtnerin  the  hou.^iC  of  .David 
Sco\,  \\iii.  fliul  CO.  He  was  a  man 
of  hi;;h  tuidi)W'nientB  and  strong 
Intclkctual  abiliticts,  and  was  de- 
^ct  nd(.d  from  the  noble  family  of 
Lenno.x,  <;arlj>  of  Lennox,  in  Scot- 
land. 

Sir  John  Hales,  bart.  of  lilack- 
ford,  Hants,  in  his  (ioili  year.  He 
iiianied  Anne,  only  daughter  and 
child  of  John  Scot,  esq.  of  Nwtlr- 
ciid,  la  Fulhani,  Mivldlesex. 

l/\\\.  In  Ixjndun,  aged  50^  Tho- 
mas I^idlock,  e.">q.  well  known  on 
t!!c  ti.rf  as  owner  of  the  celebrated 
hi)nes  ru;ckini;lKini,  lluzzaid, S[X'ar, 

'       Aged  /5^  (liunc  Janet  Anstnuher, 
,  LJv  of  xIm;  Ulc  &ir  John  AittUiAtliU'^ 


an^   mother  to   the  |>reseDt:  chief 
justice  of  Bengal.  .  .4 

lyilr.  At  Hamburgh,  prince  Re- 
derick  of  Hesse-Darmstadt,  brothef 
of  the  dowager  queenof  Prussia, jjni 
of  tlie  do>\  ager  printvss  of  Baden. 

2bth.  Mr.  R.  'i  rewman,  the  firrf 
establibher  of  that  \yc*ll-know.u  pro^ 
vincial  paper  **  llic  Eietcr  IflyM 
roNt,"-whicIi^  Ik:  had  [MtinCed  knd 
published  near -40  years.  '4- 

The  infant  fion  of  Joseph  Sidney 
York,  .esq.  M.  P,  ca{)taili  of  till 
Canadnv 

.  At  likhmond,  John  Moore,  i/L.J)i 
90 (d  72.  He  was  born  at,  .Stirlkigk 
y/SOx  and  was  tho  son  of  the  iir^ 
ClKirle^  IVIoor^,  minister  Urare.  ttt 
married  Miss  Simpson,  of  Glasgow^ 
claugiiter  of -the  divi^iity  .professor 
in  that  univer,sity  (by  whom  he  bl4 
left  five  8ons   and  ■  one  daiighter)t 
with  whom  liC .  l\vrd  in  perfect"  d»* 
mcstic  happiness  till  his  death. ^  III 
was  known  t<?^. the  world. as  a.liv'dTi 
popular,  and  elegant  \vi-itor»  as  of 
reputation  of  the  various  workft ill 
publijihed,  from  i7?<)  to  within  tM 
years  of  his  death,  suffickntly  frvijMft 
and  by  wdm^h  he  eained  botli  sivfetitti 
and  reputation.  ;%is    public^tiooii 
in  Qrder  <^tiiiie,  ^ereas  iolk>\K,  «A . 
1 .  A  View  of  Society  and  MaQndk    ' 
in  France,   Italy>  Switzedaiid^  J^nd 
Gtinnany,  2  vols,  Svo,  177^;  -2.  itth  • 
dical    S'ketdies,   1  vol.   8vo.   17tt 
3,  yiew  -of  So<Hety  ahd*M9niMf 
in  Italy,  2  f  ols.  Svo.  17S7*'  ^:hidi^ 
with  ^lis.   firbt    work>   havfe  .g)M 
througji    many    editions.      4i  S^ 
lucco,  2  vols.  17^9-    1^  FboniBei^ 
hi.  which    he   atte^npted  -to-ifatfS 
the     iatiA  etfects  of    uncontraUrf 
pastiioi)  on  the  part  of  a.d£trliBg)aD«  4 
and    unconditional    compUnnjOfi.  (Hi 
that  of  a  doting  mother.  Althou^ 
sibdunding  with  many  amnsxDg  a^ 
weH-wjittcn  scenes, .  H  ib^  Upoa-thi 
..^ii<,!lc^  caU-'ulaicd  mthflrtowectthP 

widtf 


itacler  witli  horror,  than  to  warn       Aged  about  60,  in  tlie  Ne^y.  Road,  * 

him  by  example.    5.  Journal  of  a  Mary-la-bonne,  Alexander.  Geddes, 

Residence  in  Paris,  1/93,  in  2  yols,  LL.D.     tie  was  a  native  of  Scot- 

8.VO.  6.  A  View  of  tlie  Cause  and  land,  and  a  Roraa^  patholic  clergr-' , 

Progress  of  the  Frcncji  Revolution,-  ngian.     He  published,  during  a  long. 

2  vols.   8vo.   1795.    7.  Edward,  a  literary  life, .  several  smaller  pieces^, 

romance,  2  vols.    8yo.    1791  -,  and  for  die   mpst  part  written  with  iai' 

8.  Mordaunt,  another,  and  his  last,  levity  \1\  becomipg   the  sacredness 

ih  1800,  2  vols.  8vo.  On  the  whole,  of  hi9  .fmiction,  and    not  worthy, 

tlie  work§  of  this  writer  discover  of    enumeration     here:. 'but,     in. 

hira  to  possess  great  insight  into  the  in  the  yeai*  1786,  he  published  the 

human  heart,  and  a  happy  union  of  prospectus  of  a  new  translatiop  \fi, 

acute  discernment,  with  a  brilliant  tlie  Bible,  4tp. }  and  the  year  fol- 

iniagination,  by  which  he  is  enabled  lowing  a  Letter  to  tlie  bishop  q£ 

to  describe  its  intricacies  with  equal  London,  on  the.samq  subject.;   bpthi 

^gment  and  pleasantry.  were  drawn  up  widi  a  ?uffici€«icy» 

•21st.  At  Gibraltar,  after  an   ill-  of  learning,  and  a  considerable  de^ 

ness  of  six  months,  during  which  gree  of  judgment  3  the  consequenco 

he  suffered  tlie  most   excruciating  of  which  was, .  that  tlie  subspriptipn 

tortures,  from  his  wounds   having  ^pr    his   proposed  version    rapldljf 

broken  out  afresh,   and  a  drcadfvd  filled  up,  and  was  supported 'with  3, 

$tranguiy  which  follo\yed,  the  brave  becoming  liberality  by  the  clergy  of 

old  veteran  general  O'Hara,  colonel  the,  eiJtablished  churgh ;.  but  wjiei^ 

of  the  74th  regiment  of  infantiy,  and  the  translation  of  the  first  six  boojqi 

governor  of  that  fortress.    He  died  of  the  Old  Testament  came  out  ia 

very  rich,  and'  has  left  his  property  X792>  there  was  discovered  a  miser:? 

chiefly  tp  his  natural  children.    The  able  ifalling  off  from  all  that  hp  ha^ 

general's  death  will  be  long  felt  at  so  eloquently  and  confidently  pro-  ' 

'Gibraltar.    Few  men   possessed    so  mised.     It  is  not  our  province  her^ 

happy  a  combination  of  rare  talents,  to  give  a  criticism  oif  >yfiat  in  itself 

He  was  a  brave  and  enterprizing  is  below- all  criticism,  ]j)ut  barely  £9 

goldier,  a  strict  disciplinarian,  and  a  state,   diat  the  good  of  every  sect 

polite  accomplished  gendeman.    At  of  Christianity  were  shocked  at  it^ 

the  gan-ison  he  kept  up  a  degree  of  manifest  tendency  to  do  away  tjj^ 

liospitality  little  known  diere  till  his  belief   ih     the  'divine    inspiration 

taking  die  government  j  from  15  tp  which  dictated  the  holy  scriptures  -, 

ao  covers  were  laid  daily,  and  die  and  even  the  enemies  of^  feyealc^ 

elegance  of  the  entertainment  could  religion  were  shocked  at  its  disinger- 

only  be  equalled  by  the  clieerful  ^tr  unity,  and  disgusted  at  its  colloquial 

toition  of  the  hospitable  donor.  >ijigarity.     The  second  volume  apr 

.     Mrs.  Wyllianjs,.  wife  of  the  rev.  peered  in  1797,  witli  no  better  suc- 

Huniphrey  Wylliams,  and  sister  of  cess.     His  own  superiors  had  long 

sir  George  A.  W.  S.  Evelyn,  bart.  interdicted  him  from  the  exercise  of 

23d.  At  Copenhagen,  die  daughter  his  functions  as  a  priest,  and  now 

of  the  princess  royal  of  Denmark;  passed  the  heaviest  censures   upon 

born  on  die  12th  inst.  him  for    his   heterodoxy.     One  of 

Aged  7-4,  Mrs.  Susannah  Gordon,  -his  last  publications  was, '^  A  Modest 
sister  of  die  Jate  sir  William  Gordon,    Apology  for   the  Roman  Catho)i(;s 

Urt..  ^Qi  Grei^t  pritain."   D9Ctor  Mpnci;, 

K  k  2  th^ 


500        ANNUAL  REGISTER,  180«. 


the  hi^(orinu  of  Winchester,  in  the 
name  of  tlic  catholics  of  England, 
has  formally  disarowc'd  the  tenets 
^nd  principles  it  advances,  as  those 
of  rh;«t  religion.  It  is  indeed  '*  a 
barrfaccd  support  of  infidelity." 

27th.  By  a  drcadfiU  accident,  at 
Mersiliam  Rye,  Surrey,  AVilliara 
JoUitlc,  esq.  "M.  P.  for  Petersfield. 
On  the  26th,  having  returned  from 
hunting  with  his  two  ?ons,  he  was 
giving  directions  to  his  scr\ants  about 
drawing:  off  some  ale,  when,  having 
forgotten  that  tlie  hatch  of  ihe  cellar 
ti'as  ojx*n,  he  tell  backwards  to  the 
dq>tJi  of  ten  feet  perpt^ndicular  into 
it.  His  neck  was  dislocated  bv  the 
fill,  and  the  scalp  stripped  otV  from 
the  back  part  of  the  head.  He  was 
taken  up  alive,  and  Mr.  Earle,  th« 
surgeon,  immediately  sent  for.  Mr. 
Jollilfe  conversed  witli  him  in  the 
most  sensible,  and  calm  manner,  and 
the  next  morning,  at  six  o'clock,  he 
died.  His  ix-mains  were  interred 
tvith  gifat  funeral  pomp  in  the  fa- 
mily vault  at  Mcrstham. 

28th.  Of  apoplexy,  agi^  85,  car- 
dinal Muzio  Gallo,  bishop  of  Vi- 
tcrbo.  In  November  l/pS  he  saved 
the  lives  of  thirtv  Frenchmen,  whom 
the  populace  ot  Viterbo  threiitened 
UitJi  death.  I'he  cardinal  bishop 
received  them  into  his  palace,  and 
clothing  himself  in  his  pontificial 
robes,  harangued  the  people  from  a 
bala)ny.  The  multitude,  till  tJien 
furious  and  mutinous,  fell  on  tlieir 
knees,  aTid  implored  his  benedic- 
tion, autl  s<yin  after\rards  general 
Kelirmiiui  inarehrd  into"  the  city 
and  relieved  his  countrvmen. 

/iL^d  104,  Isaac  Eal),  labourer, 
at  H»  Klington,  near  the  DevizicK : 
he  wa^  faijier  and  grandfatlier  to 
i:in^t)  -tive  children. 

A:  <iaulk«;lmm,  I^ncashire,  in  the 

wiirh.h.aue,  Luke  Jackson,  who  had 

•jix^d    ii*   three  ceMinrieu  and  live 


reigns :  He  was  borti  in  ifiogi  rf 
course  was  103  at  tlie  time  of  bit 
decease. 

At  Greenwich,  in  his  82d  year, 
Daniel  P.  J^yard,  M.D.  He  was 
father  to  the  dean  of  Bristol^  anA 
brother  lo  the  duchess  of  Ancasteri 
vice-president  of  the  British  lying-in  * 
hospital,  of  which  he  was  one  of 
ilie  founders,  and  LL.D.  of  the  uiri-' 
\  ersily  of  Oxford . 

At  Camberwcll,  in  his  goth 
year,  Mr.  Earl,  formerly  of  Ber-- 
mondsey,  woollen-draper  and  (aylor, 
grandfather  to  the  notorious  Miu 
Robertson,  now  a  prisoner  in  di«.  . 
Fleet ;  by  a  fonner  will  he  had  be- 
queathed her  10,000/.,  but  has  noW 
left  her  one  shilling ! 

Tliomas  Jees,  esq.  chief  teller  of 
the  bank  of  England. 

March  1.  At  Chatham^  aged  05, 
rear  admiral  James  MacnamaiiEi. 

2d.  At  Shobdon-ceurt,  co.  Here- 
ford, John  lord  viscount  Bateman, 
baron  of  Culinore,  lord-lieutenant 
of  Herefordshire,  and  one  of  hit 
majesty's    most   honourable    privj 
council.     He  was  the  eldest  son  oif 
William  viscount  .Satenian,  by  the  . 
lady  Anne  Spencer, -grand-daugbtrf  . 
of  John  Churchill,  the  great  dnk#   \ 
of  Marlbt^rough,    and  dau^ter  of    .. 
Charles  Spencer,  carl  of  Sunderland., . 
He  succeeded  to  the  titles  in  .1744  i 
represented   Woodstock  in   parlia- 
ment 5    and  married,    174S,  Miss. 
Sambrooke,    neice  of  sir   Jcremj 
Sambrookc,  hart,  of  Gubbins,  go» 
Hertford,  and  coheiress  of  Jdhn  8^ 
esq.  5  but  leaving  no  issue,  the  titles  ' 
of  the  familj*  expire  with  him.    . 

At  Strawberry-hill,  co.  Devoii«! 
the  right  hon.  Charles  Henry .Coote/ 
ytli  earl  of  Mountrath,  viscount 
and  baron  of  Castle  Cuflis.  Hi* 
lordship  was  tlie  only  son  o( 
Algernon,  the  6th  carl,  by  tbe.ladf 
Diana  New|H)rr,  daughter  and' 00-  - 

hcircsa 


CHRONICLE.  501 

Itelre^s  of  Richard  Newport,  ^arl  of  heir  at  law,  and  arc  entailed.     All 

Bradford  5   succeeded   to  the   titles  hisetates,  real  and  personal,  mth  a 

on  his  father's  decease   1774,  and  very  trifling  exception,  in  £ng]and» 

was  appointed  one  of  his  nlajesty's  he  has  bequeated  in  fee  to  his  mater^ 

most   honourable  privy  counsellors  nal  relation,  the  present  lord  Brad- 

in  Ireland.     Having  no  heir  to  his  ford,   whose  father,  with   the  lat» 

ancient   honours,   he  was   created,  lord  Bradford,  were  sons  of  coheir* 

June    30,    1800,   baron    of   Castle  esses,  the  daughters  of  the  last  ear) 

Coote,   witli  special  renijjinder  (in  of  Bradford.     By  deed  of  gift  in  hia 

default  of  male  issue   to   himselO  lite-time    he     provided   for    sonoe 

to    the    right    honourable   Charles  whose  kind  attention  had  a  claim 

Henry  Cootc,  one  of  his  majesty's  upon  his  bounty.     Besides  legacies 

pri\y   counsellors   in  Ireland,    and  to  all  his  sei*vants,  he  has  provided, 

the  lineal   descendant   of  Chedley  by  annuities,  for  those  who  had  lived 

Coote,  brother  of   the    1st  earl  of  long  in  his  establishment :  and  lis 

jVIountratli.     The  earldom  and  the  has   left   6000/.  for  charitable  pur*^ 

appendant  honours  become  extinct  poses.    He  had  such  a  teiTor  of  the 

by  the  death  of  its  late  possessor,  small-pox,  that  he  had  relays  at  fiv^ 

who  was  the  chief  representative  of  houses  between  his  seat  in  Norfolk 

tlie  noble  family  of  Coote,  in  Ire-  and  his  house  in  Devonshire,  to  pre- 

land,  of  which  house  were  also  the  vent  the  chance  of  infection  i  and 

Cootes  barons  Coote,  created  e^rls  at  these  houses  small  establishments 

of  Bellamont  l6S7,   now  extinct  -,  were  kept,  as  he  dared  oot  sleep  at 

but  tlie  barony  of  Castle  Coote  de-  an  inn, 

volves    to  the  right    hon.  Charles  At  his  seat  at  \Vobum-abb«y,  in 

Henry  Coote,  whose  brotlier,  gene-  Bedfordshire,  in  tlie  37th  year  of  his 

ral  Eyre  Coote,  received  the  thanks  age,  Francis  Russell,    duke   of 

of  lords  and  commons  for  his  con-  Bedford,  marquis  of  Tavistock,  carl 

duct  in  Egypt,  and  was  heir,  after  of  Bedford,  baron  Russel^  of  Che- 

his  father's  death,  to  the  large  pro-  neys,  Thomhaugh,  and  HowIaQd  of 

perty  of  his  uncle  the  celebrated  sir  Streatham,    recorder  of    Bedford } 

Eyre  Coote,    conqueror   of  Pondi-  president  of  tbeToxopbilite  society, 

^hcny.  A  peculiarity  of  disposition,  and  vice-^president  of  the  small-pox 

added  to  an  invariable  dread  of  the  hospital  and  the  veterinary  cdlege; 

«mall-pox,  occasioned  die  late  lord  (See  Chronicle.) 

Mountratli  to  live  absolutely  the  life  3d.  The  governor  of  Cadii.  Ho 

of  a  recluse  :    yet,  in  solitude,  the  was  pwsonc^  by  eating  nsieat  which 

goodness  of  his  heart,  the  politeness  had  bepn  allowed  to  stand  in  a  cop* 

and  elegance  of  his  manner,  which  per  vessel.    AH  the  company  wer^ 

characteristically   distinguished   tlie  affected  in  a  violent  degree, 

old    school,    occasioned  every  ouq  5th,   At  Richmond^  Surrey,  lady 

(who  was  necessitated  to  visit  him  Musgrave,  relict  of  the  late  sir  Wil« 

upon  business)  to  admire  Uie  friendly  liam  M„  bart. 

reception  they  met  with,     L^ord  >I. .  7th.  At  Naples,  of  a  putrid  fevcr^ 

made  his  will  not  many  days  before  after  )^n  illness  of  six  days,  tkeque^r^ 

h^  died.     All  his  estates  in  Ireland  of  Sardinia.     Her  majesty  was  a  sis- 

jire  left  to  l^is  paternal  relative,  his  ter  of  l4Duis  XVI.  j  born  September 

Kk4  aa* 


sgdQ       ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1802. 

-23,  1  JBg-,  and  'married  SeptemMr  Bellasyse,  fifth  eatl'  of  1^auconbet& 

t>,  1775,  to  Charles  Emanuel,  his  lord  Bellasyse,  a  lord  of  the  kni^ 

present  Sard ini mi  majesty,  bed  cliamber^    lord-lieutetumt  and 

il'th.  Willie  the  grand  guard  was  custos  Totulonim  of  the  North-riit- 

^arading  in  front  of  the  Goveni-  ing  of  Yorkshire.    His  lordship  ^s^ 

ihent-house,  Plymouth,  the  Venera-  seized,  while  taking  a  walk,  \Pith^ 

•ble  major  La  Roche,  of  the  edst  re-  apoplectic  fit,  which,   althoti^  "dl 

girticnt  of  Devon  rhilitia,  fell  dow'n  possible  means  were  lised   for  lliii 

ill  a  fit  of  apoplexy,  in  front  of  the  recovery,  he  survived  only  an  hour; 

Ime,  nndcxpiredinstautly.     He  was  By  Charlotte,  daught&r  of  sir  Mat- 

82  years  old,  and  had  been  44  years  thew  Lamb,  and  sister  to  lord  via- 

^n  the  rcgimefit.  count  Melbourne,  whom  he  nuir- 

Colonel  count  Sutton  Clanard.  ried  17^.  he  had  four  'daughteri^ 

13th.    Mrs.    Margaret    Dundas,  lady   Charlotte  Wynn,   -Ifldy  Ann 

'daughter  of  the  late  right  honour-  Wombwell,  Elizabeth  'cbtmtess  tf 

ible  Robert  Dundas,  'of  Arnistoh,  Lucan,  now  living,  and  lady  Harriet, 

lord  president  of  llie  court  of  -ses-  who  died  in  her  infancy.    'H6  iriar- 

'Bion  in  Scotland.  ricd,  secondly,  Jan'e,  eldest  "daugh- 

15th.    At  'Edinburgh,  sir   John  tor  of  the  late  John  Ch'^shyre,  ^. 

Ogiivy,  bart.  of  Bennington,  Herts,  by  whdnl  & 

-■  18th.  At  St.  Catherine  Bank,  near  has  left  no    issue.    The  'eariddtaii 

TMihburgh,  '  ladjr    Anne    Erskine,  therefore,  becomes  extinct ;  'bift-t&e 

daughter  of  Alexander,  5th  darl  of  titles 'of  viscount  andbareii  Faucott- 

Kcliy.  berg   do'oh'e    on  Rowland  B^" 

2is>t.  At  the  earl  of  Scfton'R,  in  syse,  esq. 
Hili-strect, Berkeley-square,  the  only        23d.  Aged  68,  Felix  Cjdvert,  iflfe. 

'son  of  the  hon.  HehryFitzroy.  the  eminent  London  bre^ter.     m 

•22d.   At  his  house  in  Rutland-  shot  himself  at  Don  Salt(?ro*«cofibb- 
'fquare,    Dublin,  James  Alexander,  ■  house  in  Gheyne-walk,  'Ohiels^,in 

'earl    of   Caledon.'     He  was    born  the  afternoon.      Mr.  C.  -had  kig 

1730,  and  married,  1774,  Ann  Craw-  been  a  valetudinarian. 
ford,    second  'daughter  cf   Jafrifes        Lately,  at  hiis  seat  in  Ch^ifi0^ 

Crawford,  cs^.  of  Crawford-Bevin,  the  hon.  Booth-Grrey,  brother-lolhe  , 

to.  Down,  by  whom  he  has  left  .issue  carl  of  Stamford :  -he  sarved  m'i&fte 

an  only  son,  Dupre  earlof  Caledon,  successive  parliaments  for  the-K)- 

•  born  1777,  and  two  daughters,  viz.  rough  of  Leicester.  Her^tifedlhRtl 
Lndy  Mabella,  married,  1790,  'to-  parliament,  in  \7S4,'v/\\h  the  <ifc- 
Andrew  Tliomas  Blfi)  iiey,  lltli  lord  meter  of-  an  honesty  indep^Mt,. 
Blayncy,  and  lady  Eliza.  and  upright  seiiator.  ■*'   .. 

In  St.  AHch'aers,  St.  ATban's,  aged  *'      Apnl    1st.    The    hon.    GawBibe 

•about"69,-Marylady  dowager  Lade,  Gaxvldr,  wife  of  John  G.,  €s^.  t^ 

daughtei*   of  Italph,  and    sister  of  IlainriJge-house,  Hants.- ■■  >  .- 

Henry  Tlirale,  escj.   formerly  mem-      •  2d.  '.-it  Batli,  the  right  hoft^ «!yis^d 

ber  for  the- boronj;h  of  Sonlhwai'k,  lord  Kenyon,  lord  chief 'jtiMlbfe*«f 

•  -anxl  Vidow  of  sir   John  Lade,  of  this  court  of  king's  bench, ■ciiSldlfrW' 
"Warbjctoii/  Sussf  x,  bai  t.  tulorum  of  Flintshire,"  di  sroveirho*  w 

'23d,    In  his  toili  year;,  Henry  -tlie  Chailer-hoekse^   »nd  a^Wd^f  . 

trado 


CHRO-NICLE; 


309 


^  and    plantatioii3.  (See    Char 

I.  At  Ashton-coiirl,  Glouces- 
re,   ^r    John   Hugh    Smyth, 

i.  At  Melton  Const-able,  Norr 
sir  Edward  Astie.y,  bait,  who 
rented  that  county  in  four  suc- 
6  padiaraents. 

til.    Mrs.    Hawkins    Browne, 
)fjsaac' Hawkins  Browne,  esq.  ■ 
.  and  daughter  of  the  late  hon. 
ird  Hay,  governor  of   Barba- 

:h.  Sir  Robert  Smith,  formerly 
.  for  Chichester,  and  lately  a 
;r  at  Paris. 

h.  At  Moira-house,  the  hon. 
nand  Forbes,  youngest  son  of 
irl  of  Granard.  . , 
George-street,  Westminster, 
a  long  iUness,  the  right  rev. 
3harles  Moss,  bishop  of  Bath 
Veils,  which  see  he  had  filled 
2ars.  He  was  x)f  Caius  cc)lr 
2:ambridgei  A.B.  1/31  j  A.M. 
J  •  S.  I.  P.  1747  J  archdeacon 
Ichelster,  1750  ;  prebendary  of 
ury  ;  bishop  of  St.  David's, 
5  and  F.R.  S.  17.  .  .  He 
^  a  spital  sermon,  1750;  one 
iC  fast  for  the  eariliquake, 
;  one  before  the  Salisbury  in- 
y,  17^.9  3  one  before  the  lords, 
JO,  1769  3  and  one  before  the 
y  for  propagating  tlie  gospel. 
He  had  amassed  a  private 
le  to' the  amount  of  140,000/. ; 
O/.  of  which  he  has  bexj^ueathed 
only  daughter,  who  is  mar- 
and  the  remaining  12(),(XX)/. 
J  son  doctor  Moss,  His  son 
t  died  ill  June  last. 
li.  At  his  house  in  Windsor- 
,  Mrs.  Douglas,  wife  of  the 
ishop  of  Salislfury. 
his  seat  of  Menloch,  co.  of 
ly,  Ireland^  sir  Walter  Blake, 


bar*,  at  t{ie  advaiKed  age  of  85  jil 
and,   on^  tlie   same  day,  •  the  •  lady  • 
Blake,  to  wham  he  had  beeu  mar-?, 
ried  nearly  iSO  'years.     He  is    sue- . 
oeeded  by  his  ddcst  son,  npw  sir' 
John  Blake.     Sir  Waitej*   was  one. 
of  the  most  ancient  of  the  baronctJ 
of  Ireland,  his  ancestor^  having  been-; 
so  jcreated  in  1()22,  and  dcscenddd 
from  the  same  stock  as  die  faiTjily 
of  Blake,  lord  V/ailt^court. 

16'tli,  At  Belfast,  in  Ireland,  tjie 
couQte&s  Dowager  of  ilodcn.  '.! 

17th.  At  his  house  in  Hanove^-* 
square,  the  right  hon.  HeUiry  Tem- 
ple, viscount  Palmerston,  baroor 
Temple,  in  Ireland,  Lh.  D.  Hi; 
lordship  was  born,  Dec.  4,  173p, 
and  succeeded  to  the  titles  oh  the. 
decease  ot'his  grandfatlicr  5  in  17^^ 
he  was  appointed  a  commissioner 
of  ^he  admiralty,  and  represented 
in  parliameiiit  the  borough  of  Eastr 
loe  in  Cornwall,  Boioughbridge 
in  Yorkshire,  and  lat^ierly  Winche<i-' 
ter.  He  married  first,  17^7,  Fran- 
ces, daughter  of  sk  Francis  Poolc> 
hart,  of  Poolc-hall,  in .  .Cheshire, 
and  had  'issue  an  ouly  daughter;, 
and  secondly,  1783,  .Mary  -Meef, 
by  whom  he  had  issue-  Henry-John, 
now  lord  Palnlcrston,  born  17S41 
Hi?  lordship' was  in  the  male  line 
the  representative  of  the  ancient 
family  of  Temple^  .which  has  pro-* 
duoed  so  many  distinguished  cha- 
racters in  the  political  and  literary 
world,  and  from  which,  in  die 
female  line,  the  marquis  .of  Buck-t 
ingham  (earl  Temple,  &c.)  is  de-* 
scended. 

ISth.  The  celebrated  Dr.  Erasr 
mus  Darwin.  "He  was  bbrn  at  El- 
ston,  near  Newark,  in  Nottingham- 
shire, Dec.  12,  1731.  He  was  author 
of  the  *^  Zoonomia,"  which  he  be* 
gan  to  write  in  1770,.thoi^h  he  did 
not  publish  it  till  within  tliese 
K  k  4  few 


304        ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1802. 


few  vfan  :  a  porni  on  the  "  Lovei 
of  lSc  Plants  "  "  Phytologia,"  a 
ftxxuU  treatise  on  education  ;  and  of 
a  fc'^  p.ip^s  in  the  Medical  and 
Philoiopliical  Tran^ctions.  He 
a!^j  eft  another  poem,  cn^idrd, 
"  The  Shrine  of  Nature^"  lately 
published.  Th*v  who  arr  acquaict- 
e^l  with  Dr.  D.s  writings,  muit 
be  sensible  of  hi-*  profound  know- 
ledge, g-^rjus,  and  erudition. 

ioih.  In  her  ogrh  yt^T,  lady 
l^adclifie^  relict  c£  sir  Charles  Far- 
XJaby  R. 

2 1  St.  At  Mr.  CViutts'r,  in  Stretton- 
strect,  Piccadilly,  George- Augustus 
Nortlj,  earl  of  Guildford,  bar'-,  n  North 
and  G'.jldford.  His  lordsljip  was 
born  Sept.  11,1  J.'iJ,  and  married,  in 
17&5,  Miss  Hobart,  daughter  of  the 
present  eaii  of  Buckinghamshire,  by 
whom  he  had  three  sons,  who 
died  in  their  infancy.  He  married, 
secondly,  the  eldest  daughter  of 
Thfimas  Coutts,  esq.  sister  to  tlie 
marchionrss  of  Bute,  and  to  lady 
Burdctt,  by  whom  he  had  a  son, 
^ho  died  Jan.  25  last.  He  has 
left  tlu'ee  infant  daughters,  lady 
Maria,  by  his  first  lady^  and  lady 
Susan  and  Georgiana  North,  by 
his  present  lady.  He  has  left  estates 
to  the  amount  of  18,000/.  per 
annum,  which  devoh'c  to  his  bro- 
ther, the  hon.  lieutenant-cokuiel 
Francis  North,  the  present  earl 
of  Guildford,  llie  late  earl  dying 
without  issue  mule,  the  barony 
of  North  is  separated  from  tlie 
carklom*  and  descends  in  abey- 
ance to  his  lordship's  sisters,  lady 
Glenlx  rvie,  bdy  ^hefRelcl,  and  lady 
Charlotte  Lind^y.  If  the  present 
lord  f-.hould  marry  and  have  a  son,  ^ 
he  would,  by  the  courtesy  of  Eng-  * 
land,  take  the  second  title,  which 
wruld  be  that  of  Guildford  -,  a 
stian^e  coiucidtmce  in   the  annals 


of  heraldry,  as  in  that  case  Mb* 
father  and  sod  waakL  bear  the  tida 
of  Guildford: 

2(>th.  AtBath.  in  las  79^1  TB*!' 
the  venei^ie  and  rev.  E.  Ndaoa^. 
rector  cf  Bnmham  Thorpe,  Nof- 
folk,  and  father  of  the  gdlaot  kai 
Nelson. 

2Sth.  At  Worcester,  -in  hii  73i^ 
year,  the  cdebrated  James  jQh» 
stone,  of  Galabank,  M.  D.  cininnnt' 
for  his  skill  and  humanirf,  dadog 
a  practice  as  physician  for  more 
than  50  years,  in  the  citj-  and  cdb . 
of  Worcester.  Dr.  J.  was  wA 
known  in  the  leame<l  woiM,  hf 
many  interesting  paUicatkNU;,  liir 
his  discovery  of  the  core  of  die 
ganglions  of  the  nerves  and  of  fh^ 
lymphatic  glands,  and  as  han^ 
first  pointed  out,  in  IJSS,  iU 
power  of  animal  acid  vapouis»  W 
destroy  putrid  contagions ;  far  winch  • 
purpose  he  (Erected  ritri^ic  add  l». 
be  poured  upon  common  sall»  and 
thus  raised  the  muriatiG  acid  inm* 
fected  places.  He  is  alio  vdl 
known  as  the  friend  and  pfajsidn' 
of  lord  L}ttleton,  of  wfaosei  deaths 
bed  he  has  given  that  aActing  and 
instructive  account^  inserted  If 
Dr.  Johnson  in  his  Lives  of  diS^ 
Poets.  He  has  left  four  sons 
one  daughter,  orphans,  their 
having  died  only  two  mondis  Qi 
Thus  within  ten  days  hat 
to  mouni  over  the  ashes  of  Danrid 
aiKl  Johnstone,  two  veterans  of 
genias,  activity,  and  worth,  lAt 
will  not  soon  be  siu-passed. 

Lately,  at  Amsterdam,  in  hii 
107th  year,  Jacob  Harraiien. . 

At  Strabane,  sir  John  Stcwflt 
Hamilton,  bart.  many  years  rqvD- 
seniative  in  parliament  fer  dMi 
tovvn. 

The  hon.  Caroline,  wife  of  Joba 
Gawlcr,  esq.    of  ]lainri4gQ.haiis0^'. 

Hai^ 


y 


CHRONICLE. 


JOS 


Rsfkia,    and    eldest    daughter    of 
J«hn,  third  lord  Bellendeii. 

May,  At  Berlin,  aged  77>  baron 
de  Haagwitz,  the  Prussian  minister. 
Thib  able  statesman  was  celebrated 
throughout  all  Europe  for  his  talents, 
and  stiU  more  for  the  conlidence  re- 
posed in  his  judgment  and  inte- 
grity by  the  great  Frederick. 

3d.  Mr.  David  Kinnebrook,  jun. 
son  of  a  wortlty  and  respectable  man, 
who  has  long  been  resident  in  tlie 
city  of  Norwich,  and  well  known 
for  his  knowledge  in  the  mathema- 
tical sciences.  David,  the  son,  who 
was  naturally  serious  and  thoughtful, 
discovered  an  early  attachment  to 
the  mathematics  5  by  his  unwearied 


offered  to  rcpdcr  him  any  assiitance : : 
and  on  his  replying  that  he  wished 
to  improve  his  time  to  some  advan- 
tage, Mr.  Vince  apj^ied  to  the  rev. 
doctor  Maskelyne,  astronomer  royaU 
who  soon  after  wrote  Mr.  Kinne- 
brook  a  letter,  appointing  him  one 
of  the  calculators  to  the  Nautical 
Almanack.  Besides  this  new  em- 
ployment  of  laborious  calculation  he 
was  in  the  habit  of  attending  on  six 
or  eiofht  pupils,  initiating  them  in 
the  first  principles  of  the  mathe- 
matics, previous  to  the  commence- 
ment of  their  studies  at  the  unix'cr- 
sity.  But  thei»e  extraordinary  exer- 
tions strongly  affected  his  consti- 
tution,  and  soon  brought  on  a  difi- 


attention,  under  the  instructions  of    order  whicli  occasioned  his  death. 


his  father,  in  a  few  years  he  attained 
'  an  enviable  degree  of  knowledge  in 
these  sciences,  insomuch  tliat,   in 
17^9^  when  about  17  years  of  age, 
he    commenced    a   correspondence 
with  the  editors  of  the  Ladies'  Diary  5 
in   1792  obtained  the  prize  tor  an 
elegant  solution  to  a  difficult  ques- 
tion   proposed    by    lieutenant   W. 
Mudge,  of  the  royal  artillery ;    and 
10  I7y^  he  proposed  the  prize  ques- 
tion.    His  mathematical  knowledge 
now  began  to  introduce  him  to  the 
notice  of  several  gentlemen,  parti- 
cularly xhe  rev.  S.  Vince,  by  whose 


At  Brighthelmstone,  in  the  67th 
years  of  his  age,  Peter  Elmsly,  esq.  of 
Sloane-streetj  a  native  of  Aberdeen- 
shire, and  formerly  an  eminent  book- 
seller  in  the  Strand,   where  he  waa 
some  time  partner  with,   and  many  • 
years  successor  to,  tlic  late  Paul  Vail- 
lant,  esq.    Mr.   E.  had  very  lately 
wholly  quitted  business,  with  a  com- 
petent fortune,  most  handsomely  ac- 
quu'ed  by  consummate  ability  and 
the  strictest  integrity,  and  with  the 
sincere  regard  and  respect  of  all  who 
knew  him,  paiticularly  of  many  of 
the  most  honourable  and   dignified 


rcciommendiition,  in  June  1794,  he  characters  in  the  litermy  world.  Ta 

was  appointed  assistant  to  the  royal  the  tolerable  educajLion  which  it  is  in 

observatory  at  Greenwich,  which  he  the  powe^  of  almost  every  NortK 

was  obliged  to  leave,  owing  to  ill  Briton  to  attain  he  had  gradually  su-^ 

health,   in   Feb.  1796.       In    1801  peradded,  as  he  advanced  in  life. and 

anotlfer  prize  was  adjudged  to  hina  prosperity,    such  a  fund  ^of  gentral. 

for  his  solution  to  a   very  difficult  .  knowledge,  and  so  unconamonly  ac- 

and  intricate  question,  proposed  the  curate  a  discrimination  of  languagrj^. 


preceding  year  in  the.  Ladies'  Diary 
by  captain  Madge,  in  June  last, 
in  con>c<iuence  of  his  Ix^ing  at 
Carabrklge,  he  met  with  the  rev.  S. 
Vince,  who,  in  a  manner  that  reflects 
the  griea^est  dignity  on  his  character. 


that,  had  lie  choiien  to  have  stood, 
forward  as  a  writer,  he  would  have 
actjuircd,  no  doubt,  a  considerabltr 
degree  of  fame.  The  truth  of  thi% 
assertion  will  be  fully  allowed  by  all 
wholuve  been  favgu^vdlkhis^epis-i 


505        ANNUAL.  REGISTER,  1S02. 

la 3  c- ■    ..».  r»«/:  ii:  •:»*  rrt..*:-  .3zi-     r-r!  :'.  l:  iir  H«»<hr  H.«  but.  «f  dMI* 
v-.-y:;i  t*.:  •t.v.^T  Miri  i>«vr;.  tlit  *sic       Oui.  AtGr.en>«rr,ssed40j4fln5Hal^ 


1^-  s.  To:..::---;  kesii,^  :-L,  J*Ir-  h::ua  San;.  M*Ocn:it'l,  wdi  knowtr  fcjr  ihe 

rvlack-n/  .,   I'lr.  O    v.~,   the  r':v.  £:i!)rLaL^a « 1  •'•  Bi^Sam."    He 

Mr.Cr--!    ■/ .d.-.    Mr.    V>'..r:  o,    ic.  .  a  ra' ;r/^  nf  rhf  rtjtntrj  t^  firf f  JMTrtii^ 

icf:.  w  \.i.^  k:: '.v.;. ;  i;..i  :.:..':._•  ti.e  ::*  Scr.'!aH,  and  daring  port  irf" 


Ia-  v.'!,'  ...  i»;  V  J.:    :.. .  s\-\  i:jcl  re-     l.>  rrir*  raU^d  tJi«-ne  :  be 


^^^ '.:.  i..  ^.     ::  v  r,::.  ■  .  ;i: -5.*.:  >s  'iic  v.ar-it  n*::r-ini9n  so  the  royik*  bbA* 

*>.t'iA  C I  Ts! ;.',!..  f--  .  *.•:.;.'-'■,  '-a.-i  -cri-iDi^  i  :a  this  »':ni^Klon  M  (he* 

iV.r.r..':  -r.  v^r  J  -  : ".  ij-:.k  ,  -v".  it-.r.-'  year  l/C^i.     At  that  dme  his  estiv** 

!;• .  ,  Mr.  i}u^:::,y.  •>-'..  A.' . — iii^  re-  c.'cjr.iry.vtanire  and  obligiog  £9po^- 

:  •  :  :rr»  v.  •  ■  -,  l;r;/..  jiJi  :•  ^ .  •/:<- *'.  -  -  r ;  .-.-? ;  r  •tu.  n  pror  -irt»i  k *:»  fi  recomawndih^ 

wli^nr-,  or.  :':■/:  JC*Ji,  if f  y  v,t:-'  :*-.-  tio^  u>  Lu  r.%;-2l  higbricss  th*  praier- 

:»iove'; ...  «^!  i.mi  r-ii'j-  il  |.!V.»t -i-jn,  or   Wai^*,   v4ih  w»jni  he  \iXcA  M' 

?f.d  d»;.  *iu-ci  ;:;  I'l.*-  i-;:  :::y-vu.ilt  at"  IxLi't  porr-rr  at  Cari<:^6i>^hoiue  A' 


M  :.-;/;,..■:■ '  .at '.i.i jdcJ  : » .'  a  '.^t: »: : 'lirr jr  j  7j^i ? :  ti»-  Wife  liie n  atp«>inledftcige—i 

rrf  !.v.- :-.  -iri^M-:  i^.o-riiTa  o:.  iL-  in    ihe  iuti;»:dand  tencf'eies.  '  Hi^ 

.'  I  ■! rt r . ' .  • . .  !  y  o.-'; .!  -  :or. :  a ' ,  t'  r  .i  *  tl-  .  i^ib  :  Wii> -j rr;d  *'.x  ■  rorrt  ten  inches ■  hig^' 

ci    ;:»:'.-.  i.    v;  .■:i::i.'  ■.-.   ''  f  ni;:.'i:?::ir,  fxir  ie«rt  r.VirKJ  the  clir>i,  •estnaiiei]r' 

rr..l  v.i.tii:;..  t'lfi'i' ;/>!.:p,  i..*i^^  not  a'-onr  buiit,  and  nm-fcular,  hutTOfr. 

it}'=  .r.:',.y  '^  ^•^iJ.f,.  ar-i  ,:.^   iLo-?*:  v.  Lo  vr'tp^^frtionable,  linlr:^s  his  legs  m^^* 

ifTV-;:^!''.:  t^  jjay  r*;.'-;i.ii  i^d   L. ;.:;:<::  ry;  riiOU^Lt  c*en  too  larjge  for  the 

*A   rV.r>-r;  to  an  *.!  i  askd  ei-fi-ircl  l^^ad  tiiry  hadto  bfrar.     His  strength^ 

fr>r-i,  v.fTc  Mr.  ci;  rri:  ::   C..'.;i.-ii,  v.as  prf>d;gitA> ;   but -«uch  mns  hV 

til'-  r«!/.  Jolfif  C;::^i':r,  i).  D.  x.x-  ti^\  .  ]^Lit\c  dir'->»iiio:':,  lliat  be  wasxiever^ 

J  'eu:  ■■  t  ri  - 1  -y ,   M  r.  j  v. = i  i  r:f:   C'  ;i  i?:  i :,  k  nou  n  tn  t  \trn  i  t  iaiproperly.        -•'"«  - 
cs:*Ui!:i  Plf.ir:,,  Jrir.irs  Kf  .)>o::,  trrq.         Mr-».  IJutl'^r  iJaiwerSj  .wifeof- Ab»" 

la*':  iirjii  bHiiffiof  V/t:3tjTiiii-iii;r,  Joan-  J  ion.  Au^u->t-.s-  Butler  D.,  of  fiwidi^ 

-Kirii  ...-,  f;-.rj,  \Vi.lirjni  F.-r-yrii,  .e*q..  iaiid,  co.  lAr'cc-stfrr.     • 
Gt   ili !   rt/yiii   e^ricjio,  K'.:. •>::*< .tm^         liiii.-hi  St.  John*s,Madder-inflF«' 

iWr.  i>ui  ::ior'-,  .Mr.   Mitd.el],  .Mr.  ket,N'.rv.-ich,aged65,  Mrs.'BatDft/ 

ViJ..i/.,r,  .Nii:  li-r.Ofy,  ot  ihc  lanli,  Sliewaiiar.atiwof  Wales,and€OiiH' 

-Mr.    lJ';':,r'tt,    Mr.  :Mtphc:i  .Jod^.i,  ino::l\'  ciiiled'  "  llic  Free-mosoav^ 

AJr.  J.^iiics  JV.'Tic-,  and  Mr.  Jchn  trt^r^i  the  circini'itanci'- at  h<^.  having' 

Mr/,ki!ji:!y.     Mr.  K.  h-is  left  a  wi-  cKUrivtd    to    concea)-  bttielf  OBQ 

ti/^'.v,  iM  v.h'Tm  be  had  loii^  tweii  an  evening-  in   the    waifK€i>ting  ef  V 

atff(.;ioi.:i-o  h'l-^^and,  and  who  lias  lixise-room,   wiicre  she  learnt  that 

ift^'  cor:  eolation  to   rfrflcct  tht:t  «ho  .^sLxret,  the- k m)\v)«:iigt--ot^  which  Uiail4  . 

La '..fuv  :!,.ijv\f:ar">-.cfj:hcdtli?-rjiijv/  sands  ot  her  af,'x  havf  in  ^'ain  flt-* 

mm  - 

o J  :'.:.' L ';..-.' I  b\  i: ' i vi furtii  asaid i: i i •' .  ti- n k;>tt-d  to  •  arrive  •  at .    "She  "wais : * 

-4 'J ; .   At  Ld ! ::b ■.: rsrh ,  in  ht r  oOi L  v »r r»-  iti /.jiiiar  eld  v^mfin  : 


▼*ar,  I'idy  iu:';e.',  ol'  l-itsliiro.  pn.;r  *»t  ir,  tlic  secret-diMwithhtr.'^' 

.    At   l:':-;  houii    <n    Siaiiitbrd-hi-I,         At-»6t.  Slepfcpn'j,  Ci!ilcTb^\i^,-  i||' 

«:;(::'  :-ly,  coU;:ifl  Jr-itiv  Hill.  an   ad'.-anced    aie,    Mrs.  *F!ekKiia 

4i L  A ; :  hilcouib'w -|::u:k ^  l-u .  GLuucea-    Y  :do\v  ox  ihe  la le  ^eiixy-  F. , -esq.'  jvc8 

koowir 


crtkoNitL^: 


S&l 


rh  by  'his  tnily  original  Writihg|s 
e  last  tentury. 

th.  in  Ms  85th  year,  the  rev. 
•ge  Traii^ker,  bishop  of  the 
staht  church  of  tlie  united 
ten,  and  many  years  thie  faithful 
r  of  the  congregation  at  Ftdbeck, 
Leeds. 

th.  At  Fladohg'is  hotel,  in  Ox- 
street^  the  honourable  Frederick 
*t,  M.  P.  for  the  county  of  Bute 
:otland. 

th.  At  Teftipsford-hall.  co. 
brd    lady  Payne,  widow  of  sir 

P. 

:  Vienna,  prince  Philip  of 
fenstein,  well  known  by  his 
snce  at  Paris  -during  tlie  "fiirst 

of  the  French  revolution, 
ith.  At  his  house  in  Merrion- 
t,  Dublin,  Charles  Stanley  lord 
unt  Monck,  so  created  1800. 
s -succeeded  by  his  son,  thehon. 
ry  Monck,  now  at  Eton  college. 
r  Phili})  Ain;Jie,  of  Pilton,  knt. 
;d.  At  his  lordiihip's  house  in  ^t. 
's*s-place,  the  countess  ot  Roden. 
Id.  At  Mount  Vernon,  Mrs. 
:ha  'Washington  relict  of  the 
)res)dcnt  W.— ^*Thc  death  of 
esiimable  woman  must  strongly 
I  to  tlie  recollection  of  every  true 
Tfcan  the  many  amiable  cjuali- 
•which  maiked  her  character 
agh  the  re\()lutiomiry  v,tK,  imd 
ighthe  hnlcyon  days' of  thie  first 
:  years  administration  of  thefe- 

goveriunent.  'I'he  worthy  con- 
3t  tile  first  {)f  me:n,  siie  shared  his 
iti'es  j  sh'-  sootiicd  his  cares  ;  she 
ilialed  f()r  -hini  and  for  herself 
[flection  (if  lier  country  and  has 
.nnmv.  that  will-i).^  respected  Tirtd 
.■(\l  in-  liiv'ciiiz'.'iis  oft licse  states, 
e's'ajKTior  excellence  continues 
o'mniahil  their  approbation  and 
•m:*  New  York  Commercial 
irtiser.  May  l^.    On   Sunday, 


the  S'Oth,  thechlnrclfes  at  PhilaSelphi 
\vhere  hung  with  black,  as  a  tributb 
of  respect  to  the  menfiory  6f  Mrs, 
W.  5  and  it  is  expected  tliat  the 
American  ladies  will  go  into  mouitii- 
ing.    ■    ■ 

At  LowtVr-hall,  c6.  "W'estmbre- 
land,  after  eight  days  severe  illneSs  t>f 
a  bowelcomplajnt,  witli  which  he  jhad 
been  long  aiilicted,  Janifes  Lowther,' 
earl  of  Ldnsdale,  and  viscount  Lons- 
dale, so'crdated  May  12,  1754;  an4» 
on  OcL  Id,  1797*  viscqunt  and 
baron  LoWthcr.  He  was,  for  mainr 
years  pa^t,  lord-lieutenant^nd  custos 
rotulonim  of  the  counties  of  Giim- 
berland  and  Westmoreland,  whereia 
his  imniense  property  in  lands, 
houses^  rnines^  &c.  &c.  was  situated ; 
also,  colonel  of  the  Cumberland 
militia,  and  a  vice'-president  of  the 
Mar)*^- la-bonne  general  dispensary. 
Foi*  nearly  the  tW6  last  years  he  had 
been  in  a  Very  prerarious  aiid  de- 
clining state  of  nrahh  j-and  was  at. 
times  in  so  exhausted  a  state  as  tobd 
incapable  of  retaining  any  thing  b^t 
human  milk- on  his  stomach.  Up 
was  son  of  Robert  liOWther,  esC|.of 
Malmes-mebame,  governor  of  Bar- 
badoes  171^^  by  Catli'arihc,  •  bnly 
daughter  of  sir  Joseph  Penh ingtoh» 
bart.  by  Mary  his  wife,  tbiirdi  daugh-* 
t'cr  of  John  viscount  Lolisd^le.  'He 
died  1745,  she  J  746,  leaving  issti^ 
the  late-^arl,  another  'son,  Kobeft, 
and  thi'ee  daughters ;  Margaret,  hiar- 
ried  ^to  Henry,  present  fe'arl  of  *BaJr- 
lington-;  Catherine,  to  tlie  kte  duke 
-of  Bolton ;  and  Bai*bara.  The  iatft 
'earl  succeeded  Henr}'  thirti  viscouht 
Lonsdalci  who  died  witliout  issue,  in 
his  tirlis  of  bait.  1750  ;  and  was  alsok 
heir  to  the  accumulated  vveaidi'of  sir 
James  Lowtiier,  of'  WhitehaV-en. 
Sept.  7»  1761,  his  lordship  (then  sir 
James  Lowdicr)  married  lady  Mary 
Stuart,  ^Id^st  daughteiiof  tlie  late^arl 

of 


508        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


of  Bute  ;  and,  as  he  aftenrards  ob- 
tained a  grant  trom  the  crown  of 
part  of  an  estau-  which  had  Ixx'n 
loiijr  held  bv  I  hi*  duke  of  Portland's 
family  as  an  appendage  to  an  estate  in 
the  cour.ty  of  Ciinihcrland,  given  to 
their  ancestor  bv  khi?!  William  III. 
it  \v:u  ra-I)ly  and  untruly  prc.^unic'd 
thai  k  rd  Huio's  inu-rcrsL  was  used  in 
inducing  the  lord^  of  the  treasury  to 
improve  his  son-in-law's  property  at 
thi?  ckix*nse  of  the  duke  of  Portland, 
who  was  Uicn  in  opposition.  A  con- 
5iv:lerahle  share  of  impopubrity  at- 
tended this  transaction  ;  which  sir 
J:inies  greatly  increased  by  mul- 
tiplying litigations,  and  bringing  at 
once  a  great  niunbcr  of  ejectments 
for  the  purpose  of  establisiiing  his 
claim.  A  litigious  disposition,  or 
raliier  a  determination  to  oppress,  by 
means  of  we^Uh>  and  under  colour 
of  law,  all  who  were  obnoxious  to 
hmiy  liasxbecn  frtHjuently  imputed  to 
lord  lionsdale ;  •  and  tlie  records  of 
liic  courts,  the  l)0()ks  of  reports,  and 
the  accounts  of  the  assizes  in  dif- 
ferent counties,  have  appeared,  for  a 
long  series  of  years,  to  atford  some 
basis  for  the  imputation.  In  1782, 
wiien  it  was  generally  under:»tood 
tliat  the  war  coidd  not  be  of  nuich 
longer  continuance,  sir  James  Low- 
ther  waiced  on  :ord  SiUidwich,  who 
was  tlien  at  the  head  of  the  admiralty, 
and,  after  deploring  the  state  of  his 
inaj(isty's  navy,  voUmtarily  otl'ered  to 
build  and  equip,  at  his  own  expense, 
a  74  ^unship.  If  tliis proposal  was 
sincerely  made,  too  much  praise 
cannot  be  jjiven  to  such  disinterested 
patriotism  5  but  if  common  suspicion 
be  well-foundeil,  it  was  merelv  a  de- 
lusive  attempt  to  acquire  popularity, 
and  ensure  dislirA-tion,  wiiliout  the 
ih'xm  arising  from  actual  merit. 
'i'hc  peace  of  17i^3  made  the  build- 
ing ot'  ^  slpp  at  that  tlaie  unneots- 


sary  ;  but  althoi^  the.  coimhry  hav 
since'  been  engaged  in  a  more  6xieiir 
sive  contest,  and,  attended  vith 
greater  exertions  than  tliosc  whidi 
gave  rise  to  the  pn>posal  of  such  1 
cionation,  the  otier  was  never  repeat- 
ed. He  was,  sofne  years  ago.  vio- 
lernlv  satirized  bv  Peter  Pindarv 
whom  he  prosecuted  for  a  libel,  bat,  . 
on  receiving  a  concession,  \yas  ii^ 
duced  to  desist ;  an  instance  of  placa- 
bility which  does  him  houonr ;  and 
he  evinced  great  personal  courage  hi 
a  duel  fought,  in  the  year  I79^t  vidi 
captain  Cutlibert,  which,  it  is  iup- 
posed,  was  not  the  only  transacdon  of 
the  kind  in  which  he  had  been  CB- 

m 

gageil.    In  17B4,  an  ancient  peenge 
which  belou^d  to  the  family,  bit. 
had  been  for  some  time  extinct,  iras 
revived,  and  sir  James  was  caUed  up, 
to  the  house  of  lords  by  the  titki 
already  enumerated.     He  had  bven 
more  than  30  years  a  member  c£  die 
liouse  of  commons,   being  sevdil 
t  ( nes  elected  tor  the  counties  flC 
Cumberland    and    Westmordaiid: 
and,  at  the  general  election^  17Q7« 
was  returned  for  botli.     Hit  pu&h 
mentary    interest  w&s  very  oooa- 
derable;  and  he  liad  the  honour  dC 
lirst  introducing  Mr.  Pitt  to  the  BiU 
ti.di  senate,  whom  he  canaed  to  £• 
eiecteil,  in  1/81,  upon  his  interetf« 
for  Appleby,  at  tlie  Instance  of  tbor. 
common  friend  the  late  duke  of  But-* 
land.     He  was  always  anxioua  tft 
die  extension  of  his  borough  intemt^' 
and  although  the  possession  of  such. 
induence  be  leckoned     fdvounfalQ' 
to  the  views  ot*  ambition j  he  ne«^ 
occupied  any  ofiicial  situation*    lb 
the  liist  hour  of  his  life  he  was  hoff. 
in  election  controversies^'  and  lot 
influence  was  directed  to  contest  tbo 
county  of  Westmoreland,  and  tlio 
city   of  Carlisle.      -Dying  ivitbont' 
issue^  tlie  earldvm  becomes  exliodf . 


CHRONICLE. 


309 


C  Tiscounty  descends  to  sir 
Q    Lowtlicr,    bart.  of   Swil- 
,   CO.  York,  M.   P.  for  the 
of  Rutland.  He  has  provided 
y  for  all  his  family  connexions, 
ser\'antsj  his  sisters  will  have 
>0,000/.  besides  tlie  Barbadi)es 
>f  4000/.  a  year.     The  estate 
rkshire,   left    to    Mr.    John 
sr.  Is  5000/.  a  year,  and  tlie 
in  "Westmoreland  and  Cnm- 
iy  left  to  the  present  viscoimt 
er,  arc  supposed  to  be  40,000/. 
including  the  Whitehaven  es- 
hich  was  before  entailed  upon 
►esidcs  which,  hewillhaA'C  near 
K>1.  in  personals,   as  50,000/. 
already     been    found   in  his 
The  viscount  is  well  known 
deserving  of   it     all,  as    a 
miable,  liberal,  and  benevolent 
ever  existed.    Lord  Lonsdale's 
nd  the  distribution  of  his  pro- 
have  given  universal  satisfac- 
his  own  sisters  and  other  near 
as  are  well  satisfied  -,  and  even 
inies  bestow  ilie  greatest  praise 
a  for  the  justice  and  liberality 
last  act  of  his  life.  On  tlie  gth 
e,  at  eight  A.  M.  the  earl  was 
jd    in    the    family    vault    at 
icr,   CO.   Westmoreland.     He 
ttendcd  by  his  own  servants, 
>  giving  directions  that  his  fu- 
hould  be  private,  and  tliat  they 
[lould  attend. 

his  house  in  Essex-atfect, 
[,  George  Fordyce,  M.  D. 
5.  fellow  of  the  college  of  phy- 
;,  and  senior  physician  to  St. 
as*B  hospital.  He  was  born  in 
een,  Nov.  18,  1/36,  and  was 
nly  and  postJiumous  child  o£ 
rcorgc  Ford}'ct^  the  proprietor 
small  landed  estnte  called 
"ord,  in  the  neiglibourl>ood  of 
:ity.  His  moth(T,  not  long 
^narryin^  again,  he  was  takctt 


from  her  when  about  iwo  jrearj  old, 
and  sent  to  Fouran,  at  which  place  he 
received   his  «cliool-education.    He 
was  removed  thence  to  the  university 
of  Aberdeen,  where  he  was  niadte 
M.  A.  when  only  14  years  of  age. 
In  his  childliood  he  had  taken  great 
delight  in  looking  at  phials-  of  co- 
loured liquors  which  were  placed  at 
the  windows  of  an  apothecary's  slK)p. 
To  this   circumstance,   and  to   1ms 
acquaintance  Avith  the  late  leanied 
Alex.  Garden,  M.  D.  F.  R.  S.  maiijr 
years  a  physician  in  South  Carolinn 
and  in  this  city,  but  theii  apprentice 
to    a    surgeon    and    apothecaiy   in 
Aberdei»n,  he  used  to  attribute  the 
very  early  resolution  he  formed  itk 
study  maiicine.     He  was  in  cobsp- 
quence  sent,  when  about  15  years 
old,  to  his  uncle,  doctor  Jo!in  Fordyce, 
who  at  tliat  time  practised  medicin« 
at  Ujjpingham,  in  Northampton.shire. 
W'itli  him  he  remained  several  years^ 
and  tlien  went  to  the  university  of 
F^dinburgh,  where,  after  a  residence 
of  about  three  yeairs,  he  received  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  in  October  1758. 
His  inaugural  dissertation  was  upoa 
catarrh.  While  at  Edinburgh,  doctor 
Cullen  was  so  much  pleased  w^itli  his 
diligence  and  ingenuity,  that,  besides 
showing  him  many  other  marks  6f 
regard,  he  used  frequently  to  eiv» 
h'un  private  assistance  in  his  stndirs. 
The  pupil  was  ever  after  gratejfultbr 
this  kindness,  and  was  accustomed  to 
speak  of  his  preceptor  in  terms  of  the 
highest  respect,   cidling  him  often 
"his  learned  and  revejcd  master,'* 
About  the  end  of  1758  he  came  to 
London,  but  went  shortly  after  to 
Ley  den,  for  the  purpose,  chiefly,  of 
studying   anatomy   under  Albinus. 
He  returned,  in  1759,.  to  London, 
\\here  he  soon  determined  to  fix 
h'unself  as  a  teacher  and  practitioner 
of  medicine.    When  be  had mide 

known 


510         ANNUAL    REGISTER, 

knnwn  tills  intfiition  to  hisiflationg  we  shaD neit giyq a  1 

tliey  liiL'lily  Hi:':!pi-.r!n-i;d  of  it,  as  the  medical  and  philoi 

xi'Iioti:  lit  liis  p.itimotiy  had  b*«i  ex-  and  lirst  of  those  vi 

ppndf<lupo!ihL->  (vturrttion.  lDSpiri;d  lished  by  himself. 

iiiiivevcrwiili  that  fuiiliduuce  wiiicli  Agriculture  and  Vq 

fniiiitiiily    aiti-ndi     the    conscious  ments  of  the  Practi 

pu.>i:f. -.ion  ot' great  lalfnts,  he  per-  A  Treatise  on  the  E 

si-trjl  in  his  purpn>!i' ;    atid,  hffore  4.  Four  Dissertatioi 

ihrenrlot  l75!),c(»nniiincc(hico\irse  fiflJi,  which  conipl 

of  IcctiirM  upiiii   ciiMiiistry.     I'his  has  beea  left  by  hir 

was  attended  !>/ nine  pupiK     In  Hisotherworksapp 

1?6'4  I*;  betjan  to  lecture  also  upon  losophicalTninsactii 

mnteria  medica  and  tlie  practice  of  died  and  Chi roi^ical 

physic,      lliesc    tl»"ee  subjects  he  the  former  are  cigh 

ouitinucd    to    teach    nearly    tliirty  with  the  following 

years,   giving,    for  tliB  most  part.  Light  produced  by  1 

three  courses  of  lectures  on  each  of  Examination  of  yai 

them  every  year,     A  course  lasted  Museum  of  Dr.  W 

nearly  fijiir  m<)nth3 ;  and,  during  it,  newMethod  of  assay 

3  lecture  of  nearly  an  hour  was  de-  4,  An  Account  of  s( 

Ilvered  six  times  in  the  week.     His  on  the  loss  ofWeigh 

time  of  teaclung  comiiicnral  about  ing  melted  or  heatec 

seven  o'clock  in  tlie  morning,  and  of  an  Experiment  o 

ended  about  ten,  his  h'cturcs  upon  Croonian  Lectorc  o 

(he  lliree  above  mentioned  subjects  tion,  7- OuthcCaiu 

Being' givep  one  immediately  .iftcr  al  Weight  which  ]V 

thti  otIicT.'  in  1765  he  was  admitted  being  calcined.  8.  i 

a  licentiate  of  the  colleje  of  physi-  Penduliun,  being  tl 

dans,  Iii  1770  be  was  chosen  physi-  ttire.     His  papers 

ebn  to  St:  Thomas's  hospital,  after  and  ChirorgicalTn 

a  consicli^rable  contest  ivith  the  pre-  Obsenrations  on  tli 

sent  sii-Wni.(ihi;n  Dr.)  Watson ;  tlie  Causes  of  Fever,   2 

number  of  votes  in  his  fiivonr  being  improve  the  Eviden 

it);(,  in  that  of  doctor  W.  106.     In  3.  SomeOlBcn-atioi 

1/74. ho  became  a  member  of  tlie  position  of  Medicin 

iter;; ry  club,  and  in  1776  was  elected  sides,  the  itjventoro 

a  fellow  of  tlic  royal  socie^',     In  inheatcd  rooms,  an 

7S17he  was  admittedafellow  of  the  was  given  to  tlie 

V(.ll-gc;  of  physicians.  Iul/y3heas-  the  present  sir    C 

sidled  in  Rirniiilg  a  small  society  of  and  was  tlie  Rutbi 

physiciims  and  sui^ons,  which  has  provemenii  In  varit 

EiiK:0  published  two  volumes,  mider  with  chemistry,   oi 

tlie  litje  of 'Medical  anil  Chinirgical  fretinentl/  to  be  ( 

Transactiotw,"  and  continued  to  atr  n  ufaclurers.     tVia  1 

(end  its  meetings  niost  punctually  til  Ivately  inti-rred,  on 

VrtUiin  a  month  (-r  two  of  his  death,  in  S  -  Ann's,  Soho, 
Having  ihiw  mentioned  some  of" the  20'th.  At  his  bouse    on  Cioa^^ 

princi^  events  of  his  literary  life^  1^1,'   Greeawidij '  in-bis  Sgitb.-^^, 

' '  Chitiato^ 


C  H'R  on  I C  L  E. 


^-    -   ; 


SIl 


toi{>her  Mason;   esq.    vjcc-ad- 
-of  die.  wUite.. 

ie  1st.  At  Earroglll-castlp,  m 
kh  year,  'John  lord  Bjerriedale, 
;j5on  of  the  carl- of  Caithiies9;\ 
.  On  the  Leeward  island  sta-f 
of  the  yellow  fever,  rear-ad- 
Totty. 

L  At  Fulbeck,  co..-of  Lincola; 
ion.  Henry  Fane,  .M.  P.  for 
r-Regis,  Dorset,  brother,  to 
ate<  ^ud  nncle  to  .the  present 
>f  Wcstniore^land. 
his  hoiiac  in  Oxford- street, 
ight  rev..Lev/is  Bagot,  D,  D, 
)ihhop  of  St.  Asaph.. 
1.  At  his  seat  at  Ilushtoi>-hall 
>f .  Northampton^  in  his  g2d 
Charles  Cockayne,  5th  vis-. 
t  Culleu,  of  Ireland.  His 
tiip  \v«s  of  ancient  lineage, 
paternally  descended  from  An- 
Cockayne,  lord  of  Ashbourne, 
Derbyshire,  in  the,  reign  of 
■  Henry  11.  whose  descend- 
frequently  represented  that 
ty ,  in  parliaraent.  He  mar- 
firs^.  May  4,  1732,  his  first 
n  Anne,  daughter  of  Borlase 
:en,  .  esq.  of  StApleford-hall, 
>f  Nottingham,  by  whom  he 
three  sons  and  six  daughters ; 
one  daughter  living  :  secondly, 
ia,  daughter  of  John  Baxter, 
by  whom  he  had  William, 
icd  to  Barbara,  youngest  daugh- 
f  sergeant  Hill,  and  now  vis- 
t  Culien.  This  lady  survived 
but  five  wetks,  dying  July  12. 
b.  In  Argyle-strcct,  aged  75, 
Donald  JVIonro,  ftllow  of  the 
.  :eollcge  ct'  physiciLin^,  senior 
ician  to  the  army,  and  elder 
jer  of  the  professor  of  anatoiuy 
Edinburgh.  He  v/rote,  besides 
•al  -smaller  medical  treatises, 
>sci*yations  on  tJie  Means  of 
trying  tlic  Hcaltii  of  Soldiers, 


If  80,'*  two  volsiSvb.;.  a  Treatise  on 
lyXedical  and  Pharmaceutrcal  Che-» 
mistry,  and  the  Materia  Medica; 
1/88,  four  vols,  8vo.  ;  and  the  Li  fa 
oi-  his  Fatlier  Alexander,  Professor 
Qf_  Anatomy  in  tlie  University  of 
Edinburgh,  prefixed  to.  tlie  edition 
of  his  workfi,  published  by  his  .soa 
Alexander  17s  1,  4to. 

At  Edinburgh,  David  Leslie,  6ih. 
earl  of-  Leven  an<A  Mdlville.  He 
succeeded  to  die  title  on  the*  death 
of  his  ittther,"  1754 ;  and  had  tilled 
the  office  of  his  majesty's,  high* 
commisfiioner  in  1 9  consccmive  as- 
semblies. He  is  sticcet^ed  in  title 
and  estates  by  his  eldest  son,  Alex- 
ander, lord  viscount  Balgcuie.    . 

IQtli.  At  Bath;  aged  08,  atftea: 
being-  many  years  much*  afflictel 
with  the  gout,  sir  Richard  Suttorti 
bart.  of  'Norwood-park^  co.  Not- 
tingiiam,  so  created  Sept.  25,  17721 
He  was  formerly  uDder-secretary  of 
state,  and  counsel  to  the  board  of 
ordnance,  and  one  of  the  lords  of 
the  treasQiy  1780-2;  and  sat  m 
different  parliaments  for  St.  Alban*^ 
Sandwich,  and  Boroughbridge.  Hig 
remains  were  deposited  in  the  fc 
mily  vault  at  Overham  on  the  21st 
instant. 

1 1  til .  Sir  John  itussel,  of  Check- 
^s.  Backs,  bait. 

20th.  At  West  Cowes,  in  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  Sophia  lady  Bnrrell, 
wife  of  tlie  rev.  WDIiam  Cl^y. 
She  was  daughter  *of  sir  "Charles 
Raymond,  bart.  of  Essex  5  married, 
1773,  with  a  formne  of  100,000/. 
to  sir  William  BuiTell,  who  died 
17 9^ f  and  by  wiiom  she  had  two 
sons  and  two  .dau^iters.  After  his 
death,  sdie  nKirried  Mr.  Clay.  She 
publisl.ed,  in  17^3,  two  8vo.  vol*, 
of  Poeinii ;  in  1794,  *'  The  Thysn- 
.briad,"  a  poem, .  fcmned  on  a  iitoiy 
,ia  Jiicaqpboa's   Cyropedia  ^     aritt 

"  I'elemachus^** 


il«        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

**  TelrmachuR,"    a  porm   on  the  cm].    She  was  daughter  of  die  late 

amour  of  that  hero  with  Eucbaris,  lord  Carberiy,  and  aunt  to  the  pie* 

and  the  passion  of  Calypso  for  him,  aeut  lord.                                      .  * 

asdrsi^ribetlby  Fenelon.  6th.   At  Malvem-ball,  in    Ekt' 

2Sth.    At    his   honse    in    Great  hull  parish,   co.  Warwick,  after  a 

^Iarllx)rong;h-street,  after  an  illness  lingering  illness,  the  hon.  Chailott^ 

of  a  few  days,  aged  37,  Thomas  wife  of  Henry^-Gfet wold  Lewis,  ei^, 

Gainet,  M.D.   He  published  "Ob-  eldest  daughter  ot  the  late  sir- Op» 

ficrvations  ofi  a  Tour  through  the  lando  Bridgeman,  created  eail  of 

Highlands,  and  part  of  the  Western  Brad^srd  in  1794,  and  sister  to  die 

Isles  of  Scotlaiui,"  two  vols.  ISOO,  present  earl. 

4to.  \s'it]i  50  plates,  engraved  after  12th.  At  the  King's  Arms  imi^ 

the  manner  of  aqualinta,  from  draw-  Oxford,  on  her  return  from  Brislali 

ings  taken  on  the  spot  by  Mr.  W.  lidy  Ctillen,  relict  of  lord  visooaiit 

H.  Watts,  who  accompanied  him.  CuUen,  of  Rushton-hall,  co.  Nordn 

He  was  seized  with  a  fever,  which  ampton.     Her  ladyship  bad  been  ill 

he  is  supposed  to  have  caught  during  a  declining  state  for  some-time  past,  ■ 

his  attendance  as  physician  to  the  and  had  not  survived  ber  husband 

Mary-le-bonne  dispensary ;   an  of-  above  five  weeks, 

ficeto  which  he  had  been  elected  Aged  59,  the  hon.  John  Gref« 

but  a  very  few  weeks  before.   .  youngest  brother    to    the  Ml  of 

29th.  At  her  house  in  Welbcck-  Stamford  and  Warrington,  by  So- 

streets  Cavendish-s(]uare,  the   hon.  sanna^  fourth  daughter  of  S.  Leyces* 

Jane  Parker.     This  lady  was  of  the  ter,  esq.    He  has  left  two  sons  and 

ancient  family  of  Cxsar,  in  Hert-  four  daughters,  of  whtim  the  eldait 

fordshirc,  and  had  for  her  first  hus-  was  lately  married, 

band    sir  Ciiarles  Dormer  Cottrell,  At  Bristol  Hot-wells,  c»3t.^Car-.  ^ 

master  of  the    ceremonies  at   St.  tis,  of  the  royal  na\y/ son  of  adnuill  ■ 

Jamcs*s,  to  whom  she  bore  the  pre-  sir  Roger  Curtis, 

sent  sir  Clement  Dormer  C,  and  a  ]4tli.  At  Aldborough-houBe,Dilb*  • 

slaughter,  who  died  young.      Her  lin,  the  right  hon.  the  cciuDtesstf- 

second  husband  was  tlie  late  hon.  Aldboiough,  widow  of  Edward' thB  . 

lieutenant-general  Geo.  Lane  Par-  late  earl,  and  since  married  fotkOk' 

ker,  brother  to  the  earl  of  Maccles-  Powell,  esq.  barrister  at  law.  '  8hs'. 

field,  who  died  witliout  issue.  was  the  daughter  of  'sir  John,  nd#' . 

Ju/i^,    Right  rev.  Ricliard  Mar-  lord  Henniker,  and  wa9  married  IV. 

l;y,  D.D.  Bishop  of  Waterford  and  llie   earl  of  A.  the  14th  of  Blif 

Lismore,  in  Ireland;  so  consecrated  1787$  and  was,  secondly,  manM 

1 7^7'     His  remains  were  interred  to  G.  Powell,  esq.  in  Dec.  last 

iii    the  family-vault  in   St.  Maiy's  18lh.  Aged  73,  Thomaa  DOBtt* 

cliurd),  Dublin.  The  half  of  his  for-  resq,  esq.  of  Pilham-place^  HaDliy 

tune  is  bequeathed  to  lord  I'yraw-  and  admiral  of  the  blue.     Ho- 


lt y,  who  is  by  marriage  his  nephew,  one  of  the  heroes  of  the-  12A  rf 

At  Rome,  aged  80,  cardinal  Ce-  April   1782,     having    ooroknaadflir 

vizzani.  the  Repulse,  of  iS4  guns^ih  ^Ph, 

5 til.  At  the  Grove,  Yoxford,  Suf-  lant  action  fought  by  lord  Ko&9 

folk,  in  her  (X)th  ye  ir,  the  hon.  Fran-  with  the  count  de  (inmit  Vkfih 

ces-Annc  Davy,  wife  of  Eleazar  J).,  memorable  day.     ■         •./•■••' 


y" 


CHRONICLE. 


513 


h.  At  his  fioilse  In  Stanhope- 
,  May-fair,  after  two  days  '  ill- 

in  his  76th  year,  tlie  right 
irablc  Isaac  Barrc,  clerk  of 
ills.  (See  Chronicle.) 
8;  Catherine  Thorowgood,  a 
tn  lady,  only  child  and  heiress 
e  late  sir  Tho.  T.,  knight,  of 
son's  hall,  Jersey,  and  the  last 
it  name  and  family.  She  has 
lie  rev.  Mr.  Tenant,  of  ITig- 

an  estate  worth-  upwards  of 

per  annnm,  although  she  had 
•ticular  acquaintance  witli  him, 
nerely  in  consetjuence  of  his 
.'  and  situation  in  life. 
\.  At  her  house  in  Upper 
'enor-street,  tlie  countess  dow- 
)f  Somerset. 

h.  At  her  house  in  Gloucos- 
ace,  Mary-la-bonne,  aged  /O, 

Mary  Johnston,  wife  of  col. 
illiam  J.,  hart,  of  Hilton-house, 
terdeenshire.  She  was  the  last 
•or  of  a  numerous  and  rcspec- 

family  of  the  Bficons,  de- 
ed from  the;  third  son  of  the 
keeper  Ba^'on,  of  Shrubland- 
Suffolk. 

:h.  At  lady  Mtuidip's  house  at 
kenham,  in  her  71st  year,  Lucy 
jer  viscount  Clifden,  eldest 
'ing  daughter  of  John  Martin, 
of  the  kingdom  of'  Ireland, 
ladyship  was  lirst  married  to 
lonourable  Henry  Boyle  Wal- 
am,  son  of  the  carl  of  Shan* 
ly  whom  she  had  one  son,  who 
m  infant  ,  secondly,  to  James 
,  the  late  viscount  Clifden,  by 
1  she  has  left  issue  Henry 
'ore,  the  ])rescnt  viscount  Clif- 
(and  also  baron  Mcndip  of  the 
.i  kingdom),  Charles  Ellis,  a 
ter  at  hiw,  and  one  dauglit(  r. 
:ely,  at  Lucknow,  gen.  Claude 
!D,  who  rose  to  liis  high  station 
e  army  fron\  behig  a  cgmniou 
.u.  XIJV. 


soldier,  and  fouglit  in  all  the  cam- 
paigns in  the  East  Indies  against 
Hyder  Ally  arid  Tippoo  Sultaun.  By 
his  will,  bearing  date  Jan.  1,  180O, 
he  has  bequeatlied  the  immense  sum 
of  GOO^CXX)  Sicca  rupees  in  various 
pensions  and  legacies.  The  bulk  of 
his  fortune  is  said  to  amount  to 
470,000  /. ;  which,  with  few  ex« 
ceptions,  is  appropriated  to  charita- 
ble and  laudable  purposes  :  tlie  most 
considerable  ones  in  his  native  cjty, 
Lyons,  in  France.    % 

In  Calabria,  the  bishop  of  Catta* 
zaro.  He  was  shot  as  he  was  pro- 
ceeding to  the  convent  where  he 
lodged.  This  respectable  prince  of 
the  church  was  the  intimate  friend 
of  cardinal  Rulfo. 

At  Naples,  of  apoplexy,  cardinal 
Gallo,  bishop  of  Viterbo. 

At  Vienna,  baron  Herbert,  impe- 
rial privy-counsellor,  and  upwards 
of  twenty  years  minister  jjleni^xjten- 
tiary  from  the  emperor  of  Germany 
to  the  Porte. 

At  Polignac,  on  his  way  to  Aix, 
in  Savoy,  for  the  recovery  of  his 
health,  baron  Stael,  formerly  the 
Swedish  ambassador  at  the  court  of 
France.  He  expired  in  tlie  amis  of 
his  wife,  the  celebrated  daughter  of 
M.  Neckar  j  and  his  remains  were 
conveyed  to  his  father- Ih- law's  seat. 

At  Nancy,  in  France,  lady  Anno 
Saltmarshe,  sister  to  the  Ivte,  and 
aunt  to  the  present  6a rl  of  Fingal. 

At  Annabella,  near  Mallow,  in 
Ireland,  sir  Joseph  Hoare,  bart.  one 
of  tlie  oldest  metnbers  of  the  Irisa 
parliament,  having  been  a  represen- 
tative 60  years. 

At  Kilby,  co.  Tipperary,  the  hon^ 
Mrs.  Bernard,  relict  of  Thomas  B., 
esq.  of  Castle-Bernard,  King's  co.  j 
and,  at  Castle  Otway,  the  hon. 
Mrs.  Prittie  ,reiict  of  the  hon.  Fran- 
cis. P.  These  twg^  giitcrs*in-la\v 
L-)i  ,wero 


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w 

^14         ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

!  L.r^Ii.  whence  he  rrtnnied  to  Bef* 
1  r .  v.  :rli  the  grand  duke  f altennnif 
f:..;^rcr.  P^lII.  In  1750  he  wtat 
t .  "r.j.  -xiiire  he  bad  a  coofemioe 
V.  "I.  tl.t  cmpcTcr  Joseph;  and  he 
iiC'.Tv.jrd.-;  vi-ittd  Frocce.  Hevai  j 
n.-iiii  ronsulii^d  as  a  staresman,  tiB 
r-..  tr.ir--  cf  PilnLtz,  in  17dl,«hick' 
t.r  r -.Lilly  di-ap»prriTed,  and  of  viiich 
:.v  l:;cd  u  see  the  complete  cUsap 
f  ..;■;■-..,  i:.  1  t»  Li—ir,:^  oi'::.-i  4ch  p:!rirrR^r.t.  Afif r  iliisj  he  appeartl 
g :.:--:  .1^.  \^z\'   iitcle  at  coun,   posses&iif  • 

1..  '  -::.--;--*:-'-*..  Ma--f.'r,  i:r  ir::r.d  srispted  to  philosophic  ictilC' 
J I  r:  .1  - ::' .  .'l  i :  .  -  l-i;  *. = ^  ci  H  arc  v.  ccd,  cnenr .  H  is  cLar3C  :cr  vas  not  onlf 
c'^   if..  :  ;  \  lir:.  en-obkd   and    csalted   faj  warlike 

.'^-.■.  :  3-.  At  h:=  co-r.'r.' pa-  v:rj:c?  md  political  pccclration,  W 
b  ■  a:  r.  •! r.  ■'. " r^^ ,  £ /: -i  r. *: : r'./  7 7,  renircd  bv  mi sceilancoGS  knowkdgl 
]  r : :.  -:':  i :'  . . .'  - 1 ::.  i : r Ic  k  -  Ll-a  U  of  c f  e*.  err  ki  iid,  by  a  ta5ce  for  sdcaOB 
1/ :/:'-•.  '. '/i.r  to  Fr^:dtj:t.k  the  ar.i  ^L-  lir.c  zTJ-.-.  aad.  the  Yaa^ 
iji'.'.  '::■■  r..  l.:.;.>;  of  tl*e  present  creadti  in  iLe  !kld,  was  admired  ia 
k ! . .  ^%  :.  :  r ;:  1  o  i"  in  fai  -  rr.',  cole  -  the  soc  .e  ty  c  f  gmiui  and  Icanung  • 
r.- 1  'T  ^.  R'j!.T.f;r*:  cf  fc^/.,  kr*ight  the  most  p/i^:ied  and  cbeerfol  com* 
cr'  ::.:  '--^r  ^  r"  u.t  Bl/ick  £a-  p.:ii.>r..  Frederick  the  Great  Biid 
g!':,  I..-,  -/.:  r:  Mj^'iLhc'.j-ih,  &c.  of  him,  that  he  hadcotcoiiuiiitled.« 
ij '        1 : . ;  -:     r.  r : . . '.  ■:    v,  a>    bom     in     iinc Ic  t'ault  t2iroi:^'h  ; he  whole 


17^0,    o:.    ■;.':     I  :'.:i    of   Jfcr.iijnr,  yoari  war.    Pi irce  Henry  was  mar- 

a  f  U'iv  V-  L ! ' .  i'i  : ;  j  ?    '«*:  *:r.   £  -  >1j  ;n  r,1 2  s:  J ,  r  ied  to  her  ecrene  hlghriess  the  priiv- 

d.:rl:.'i;  .';  c';....;r.-,  u-.  ti.e  :;:ii:l'.errary  a.'&s  WilhehTtliia,  daughter  of  Alasq- 

tf  r':.-:   ■  .u.r.d . .  .r.  cf  the  Fru=5::ia  inllian,  hr.d-;^ve  cf  Heiie-Caisd* 

ir: '.:.... w::y.     If-;  i..^ir.  hS  nr*t  caoi-  ar.-i  L-^  marriage  u-a;  con&uiumated 

j,-!::ri  Ir.  L\  lo.:.  ytir,  acco.T^jany-  ct  ChaiioitenritrT,  Juuc  25,   1753. 

ine  the  r  /  :■  ?.::.. v  as  a  o/.oiirl,  in  As  an   honour  tu  his  iminoiT,  tbi 

\'J\ly  :  n :  oM  • '  -■  -i".  i  3 ,  aTi  d  !x;  i  l  g  s  oon  ki  11  is:  or^lcpjd  '.hit  all  odiccrs  iiccar  a  . 

kt^'-r  pieicr.L  Lt   the  victor.-  ac  Cho  crape  on  th-ir  arm  tor  a  fortnight 

t^---:^^      In  ih':    seven  y-drs    war.  The  court  aNo  went  Ir.to  moaniiiig^ 

V  L'.  re  he  coivinuuded   tlie   second  for  the  ^arae  lime.  On  the  oth  inrt. 

arrry,  he  diatinci^iahed  hln:i-::'if  in  a  his  body,    after    liaving  been  .fint. 

rriir.r*'r  which  pr.xured    him   tl;s  openly  exposed  to  view,  in  the  lim- 


i:r.rr:;-..:Iy-d  approbation  of  his  great  pie  unilbrm  of  his  regiment, 

Ir./.i.er,  ti.e  bljulr.xs  cf  the  Pniisian  lii.l  in  the  >ep;ilchre,  which  he  Jiad 

d  ...:.■.:.: -'I.-,    z'.A  ilic  adoiiration  of  C2i;sed  to  be  built  for  himsdf  tvo' 

a/,  7r  zA/'.     In  tl.e-.v2r  concerning  year^  ago,  and  purposely  in  snch  ■ 

the  E::  jrisn    sucoj^sion,  ^e  a^ain  m^r.ner,  th^t  ii  Avas  in  the  fijll  view 

c.,n::r.::r.:"':i  the   second  arn^y,   and  cf  Lhe  v.indowsof  his  sittii^-rooin. 

per. •;  .:'-.'l  fro: n  Saxcny  into  ijf.he-  .     Tho    fuilow: r.c:  CT-itaphj    writtCQ 

in.2.      V.i    l/7^>    i-^    tra-.eiled     to  by  hir/iself  in  German,  some -time 

$ioc,]J«j^»  aiid  tLc&ce  to  Pciera*  belc^re  hii  deatlij  and  wlucfaiielial' 
^         •                   ■  ■  -  S(p* 


CHRONICLE. 


•51« 


imself  previously  engraved  on 
)mb-stone,  was  placed  at  tlie 
ice  of  the  sepulchre. 

'^  Tlirown  by  birth 
the  vortex  of  a  giddy  vapour, 
ich  tlie  vulgar  call  glory  and 

grandeur, 
le  nullity  of  which  is  too  well 
known 
to  the  sage  ! 
•rey  to  all  human  infirmities, 
:nted  by  the  passions  of  others, 
md  disturbed,  by  his  own  j 
le  down  by  the  loss  of  beloved 

relations, 
true  and  faithful-  friends, 
et  often,  too,  consoled  by 

friendship  j 
py  in  collecting  his  thoughts, 
ppier  still  where  his  services 
d  prove  useful  to  his  country 

or  suffering  humanity. 
1  is  a  brief  sketch  of  the  life  of 
[enry-Fredrick-Lewis, 
f  Frederick  William  I.  king  of 

Prussia, 

and  of.  Sophia  Dorothea, 

ughter  of  George  I.  king  of 

England. 

Travelled  ! 

lember  that  j)erfection  is  not 

to  be  found  on  earth. 
I  was  not  the  best  of  men, 
I  not  belong  to  the  number  of 

the  bad. 
;  and  blame  cannot  reach  him 
that  sleeps  in  eternity  j 
sweet  liope  embellishes   tlie 
1st  hours  of  I  he  man  who 

has  done  his  diily  : 
or  does  it  forsake  me  at  this 
moment!" 

1.  Charles  count  Lockhart,  son 
e  late  general  coun  t  L. ,  of  tlie 
Roman  empire,  some   time  in 
nperial  seivicc. 
J.  AlEarVs  court^  Kemingtott, 


Richard  carl  Grosve;ior,  viscount 
Bdgrave,  and  baroii  Grosveiior,  (5f 
-Eaton >  CO.  Chester. 

13th.    At    West-green,    H^ntS/ 
general  sir  Robert   Sloper,    K.  B. 
governor  of  Duncanhon-fort,  aVid 
colonel   of  tlie    4th    regihient   ©f 
dragpops . 

15-th.  At  Warwick-castle,  in  hia 
20th  ye.^r,  tiic  hon.  Heniy  Grc* 
ville,  thiitl  son  of  the  ead  Of  War- 
wick. 

IStli.  At  b'er  hoase  in  Sackville- 
strect,  Dublin,  in  her  8l5t  year, 
Margaret  Cecil  ttamilton',  viscoun- 
tess dowiger  Southwell,  "relict  of 
Thomas-George  lord  viscount  Soutli- 
Vi^elij  of  Ireland: 

I'ptli.  At  Worthing,  Sussex,  whet:e 
he  went  for  the  recoVeiy  of  hia 
hedlth,  the  hon,  Augusfus-Pliilijp 
Monckton,  third  Son  of  viscouiit 
Galway. 

At  Wickham-court,  in  Kcht^ 
sir  John  Farnaby,  bart. 

20th.  At  Bishofslveim-castle,  ia 
Suabia,  at  a  very  advanted  age,  Blei- 
chard  IV.  count  of  Helmstatt,  sovc-* 
reign  lord  of  Bishofsheira,  Ber- 
waugcn,  &c.  in  Creichglim,  and 
lord  of  Moransre  in  Lorrain,  late 
colonel  of  a  regiment  of  horse,  bear- 
ing his  name,  in  the  French  servicCj 
kiiight  of  St.  Louis,  &c.  &c. 

20'th.  At  Hales-place,  Tenterdeih, 
which  he  rebuilt  on  a  smaller  scale 
about,  170(),  in  bis  /Sth  year,  sir 
Edward  Hales,  bart. 

28th.  At  Southampton,  lady  Jjuie 
Terry,  wife  of  David-George  T., 
esq.  sisterof  theearl  ofDysart. 

39th.  At  his  hoiiseat  Pulta,  near 
Calcutti,  aged  73,  sir  Charles- 
William  Blunt,  bart.  of  Cleery, 
Hants,  so  created  June  17,  J  7-0. 
He  has  left  10rt,000/.  three  fourths  of 
'vVhich  he  has  bequeathed  tb  his  eldest 
son,  now  ill  India,  Charles- Richard 
I>J2  Blunts 


S]6        ANNUAL  REGISTER,     1802. 


Blunt,  who  inhciits  also  the  tillc, 
%iv\  who  has  lately  bctn  proiiiotal, 
by  the  India  company,  lo  a  situa- 
tion  worili  4(KX}/.  a  year. 


French,  on  tlic  Coast  of  CoromandeU 
from  the  Year  1 750  to  1 76O,  Sec" 
4to.  17(il  ;  M>mr  IWhls  in  the  sixtk 
vol.  of  J)oclslcy's  colli!Ction  ;     and 


Sept.  1st.  Fouiul  drowned  In  the    was  one  of  the  ahlest  contributors 


Caunbe,  near  X'itnna,  baron  do 
Vega,  licutcnant-((;lonel  of  artil- 
lery in  the  Austrian  service. 

3d.  In  GuadaltAipe,  after  an  illness 
ofhixteen  days,  f^entral  llichepanse, 
an  otiieer  dihtinguished  by  his 
courage,  his  talent*;,  and  success. 

•Ith.  At  Buxton,  a),  of  Derby, 

m  his  50*tli  year,  of  the  gout  in  hiis 

head,    Henry-lliomas-Fox  Strang- 

'  ways,  earl  of  Ilchestcr  and  Stavor- 

dal^^,  baron  Sirangways,  of  A\'ood- 


to  the  f)eriodical  -w  ork  called  "  llic 
World." 

JC)th.  At  Vienna,  the  grand 
dutehcss  of  Tusciuiy  :  she  had  come 
from  Schoenbrunn  to  lie-in,  and  had 
so  difficult  a  labour,  that  an  opera- 
ti(Mi  was  found  necessary,  which 
was  performed  with  apparent  stid- 
cess,  but  neither  die  nor  her  Infrmt 
long  survived  it.  She  was  a  dau<jhter 
of  the  king  of  the  two  Sicilies  5 
l)orn  June  'i/,  17/3 ;   and   married 


ford-Strangways,   Dorset,    and     of  to  the  grand  duke,  Sept.  I9,   17P0. 

Redlynch,    Somerset.       He    mar-  She  died  on  the  aimi\'crsary  of  her 

ried,    1/7'-^,    Mary,     daughter    of  wedding  day,  and  was  buried  with 

Staudish  Grady.  e>:(j.  of  Coppercul-  a  ceriMUony   suitable  to    her  high 


'Ian    in   Ireland,  by   whom  lie   had 
live  daughters  and  a  son  j   he  i>  sue- 
ceedi'd  by  his  s(>n,   Henry- St cplien, 
•lord  Stavordiilo'. 

At  lii>^   ftcut  iit  hi'il'  ijv,  sir   Wil- 
'li.iiu    KouJis,    ban.    lii.;h-i:hcritf  of 
York. 

lO'lh.  Suddenly,  at  Auhalt-Oje- 
,t]ien,     :i^ed   24,     j^niu;c     I^ui-i    ul 

•  Anhidt-C'oethen.  lie  v.:>s  irter- 
red  ou  the  20i!j  :  and,  v/itliin  tvvo 
hours     Siller,   1-i*;  ^^idov.^    princi\-s 

•  F/iuisa,  was  >afely  dcli\ end  of  a  ton 
and  heir. 

I7rh.  At  his  ji'uise  at  Twicken- 
ham, in  hii  sO'ih  year,  HiLliarJ 
Owen  Can ibridv^e..  e-q.  He  was  a 
man  of  profound  ar.d  varioiis  learn- 
ing, etjually  eiinvcr-;:^nt  \\ith  li-lits 
fritfii  and  the  Lil)<truiC  sciences. 
He  was  author  of  **  Tl:e  Scrible- 
riad,    a  mock  heroic   I'oem,  in  six 


rank,    on    tlif.  2 1st,  in    the  family 
\  auk  I  »i'  the  h.ouse  of  Austria. 

Oit.  O'th.  His  serene  highness 
Crabt  Ernest,  reigiihig  prince'  of 
l)cttini;ea  Wallcrstcin,  l)om  in 
17-JS. ' 

7ih.  John  Heaihcotr,  esq.  bro- 
ti\er  to  Mr  G\]bvn  Heatheoie,  bart. 
His  death  was  otensioned  by  being 
thrown  out  ff  Jiis  curricle,  tliC 
hor-if*5  having  takt.n  fright.  Having 
died  without  a  will,  his  estates, 
which  amount  to  f^OOO/.,  devolve 
to^irCIilhert,  M.  P.' for  Lincoln. 

IMh.  Ai  Foii«erivoj  his  royal 
highness  tion  Ferilinand,  infant  of 
Spain  .ii)d  duke  of  Parma.  He 
was  born  Julv  20,  1^51,  and  took 
po>?ession  of  his  dukedom  in  1/65. 
His  siller  is  the  queen  of  Spain, 
aiul  the  clde.-t  of  his  three  daugh* 
lers    e-])uu3ed     prince   Maximilian 


Hooks,"    .4to.  ir*'51.  (wier»f  liie  Km  st    of  Sa\uny.     He  dined  on  the  /th 


poems  that  ha-^  he<n  j-een  .linc**  tlie 
diys  of  Pope.  Ik  \\:ii  aKo  author 
of  '•  An  Ae(o\Hit  i)i'  the  ^^'a^  in 
Indi4,  between    the     Ln^'li»ii    ar.d 


at  Fouterivo,  where  he  visited  a 
school,  and  after  dinner  assisted!  at 
an  exercise  of  the  scholars;  when 
he  v.,\g  suddenly,  seized  with  a  co- 

licv 


CHRONICLE. 


517 


lie,  which  reUaced  him  to  such 
extremity  tliat  he  expired  in  twen- 
ty-four hours,  before  his  decease, 
liowcvcr,  he  provided  for  the  ad- 
niLitratioii  of  public*  atfairs,  and 
appointed  a  regency  of  state,  at  the 
head  of  which  is  the  archduchess 
his  widow.  Since  his  death,  his 
possessions  have  been  annexed  to 
die  repubhc  of  France. 

1 5  th.  In  Charles-street  Hatton- 
gnrden,  aged  55,  of  an  inrtanimation 
in  his  bowels,  Mr.  Joscpii  Strutt, 
a  distinguished  artist,  well  known 
for  the  assiduity  with  which  he 
traccxi  our  national  antiquities  from 
illuminated  MSS.  in  the  various 
public  libraries  in  this  kingdom. 

20tli.  At  Edinburgh,  bdy  Ha- 
milton, of  Hose  hall,  in  Scotland. 

21 8t.  At  Berlin,  die  Prussian 
minister  of  state  Philip-Ciuirles 
count  iVlvansleben. 

22d,  At  his  house  in  Duke-street, 
Westminster,  Samuel  Arnold,  Mus. 
D.,  a  most  respectable  ornament  of 
die  musical  world.  His  works 
are  so  numerous,  and  so  well  known, 
diat  no  eulogium  am  be  necessary 
on  abilities  which  have  been  so 
long  and  so  justly  admired.  His 
remains  were  interred  on  die  29di 
in  Westminster-abbey. 

23d.  At  Vienna,  in  his  80tli 
year,  universally  esteemed  and  re- 
gretted, general  Jerningham,  ne- 
phew to  the  late  sir  George  J.,  bart. 
of  Cossey,  co.  of  Noifolk.  He 
Jiad  served  upwards  of  50  years  in 
the  imperial  service,  and  was  cliam- 
berlain  to  die  empress  Maria-The- 
resa, and  to  the  emi>erors  Joseph, 
Leopold,  and  Francis. 

27 til.  At  IJristol,  whither  he  had 
gone  for  the  recovery  of  his  heaUh, 
of  an  inllimmation  of  the  lungs, 
aged  8-],  the  rev.  Henry  Hunter, 
V,  D.  minister  of  die  Scotch  church, 
J^ndon-wall.     He    was    born  in 


Scodandin  1/41,  and,  after  passing^ 
through  a  regular  .course  of  educa- 
tion at  die  college  of  Edinburgh, 
was  ordained  one  of  the  minlsteri 
of  Soudi  Leith,  in  \76g.  He  wrot4 
several  very  excellent  sermous, 
which  were  collected  into  two  vo- 
lumes, and  published  with  biogra* 
phical  illustrations  5  he  also  repub- 
lished a  treatise  by  the  late  Mr.  Ro- 
bert Fleming,  in  which  w^re  some 
hints  propheUcal  of  the  French 
revolution.  His  "  Sacred  Biogra- 
phy," in  diree  vols.  178O*,  thrc« 
more  1792,  8vo.  arrested  a  deal 
ot  attention,  and  which  has  already 
passed  through  several  editions.  Dr. 
H.  also  excelled  in  the  arduous 
task  of  translation,  lliose  of  dm 
beautitul  and  enthusiastic  works  of 
St.  Pierre  have  been  universally 
re^id  and  achnired.  Sonini's  TraveU 
in  Egypt,  the  sixth  vol.  of  Sauiin's 
Sermons,  Casleras  life  of  Qidicrinc 
of  Russia,  and  liuler's  J^etters  to  a 
German  Princess,  }/i}5,  two  vols. 
8vo.  have  all  been  given  by  Dr. 
H.  in  an  English  dress,  and  all 
received  with  approbation.  But 
the  most  splendid  translation  which 
he  has  executed,  is  I^vater's  large, 
work  on  Physiognomy;  the  merits 
of  which  are  supported  by  the  testi- 
mony of  Lavater  himself. 

28th.  In  the  prime  of  life,  the 
rev.  Stebbing  Shaw,  of  Queen's 
college,  Cambridge  J  15.  A.  1784; 
M.  A.  1787  i  B.D.  171)0;  F.  S.A.; 
rector  of  Hartshorn,  co.  of  Der- 
by, in  which  he  hucceeded  his 
father  ;  author  of  "A  Tour  in  die 
West  of  England,  1 788,''  8vo  ; 
joint  editor  of  **The  Topographer,'* 
four  vols.  8vo.  178()— 1791  ;  but 
better  known  bv  his  last  valuable 
publication,  **  The  History  and 
Antiquities  of  the  County  of  Staf- 
ford}'* vol.  i.  171)83  vol.  ii.  part 
Ij  1801. 

L  1  3  29th. 


518        ANNUAL    REGISTEJ^,    1802; 


2fKh.  At  his  iodc;inc:s  in  Xorton- 
str i^'ji.  ni-cl  /S,  Mr.  Samuel  Patrr- 
son,  the    \\-\\    kno\vn    and    iustlv 
ccl<'*nr:Ufd  nuctlfinecr ;    whose     ta- 
lent Cxi  i.  'jtnlntrnixwtr  v:^%  unrivalled  ; 
■\vitne<«i  thnt  of  a  fnninus  eoilection 
from  'Ijc  cMnii-.cn%  cp.il' d   Catnio- 
f^fs  i'yuK-ialii  :    thr.t  c,t  sir  Juliiu 
('jf.-inr's  MS'^.    iNshiLli  he  had  acci- 
cV-iitiJiiy    ri'-jrued   trcni    de.stnxtioii 
nfter  th^  v  lud  actually  rtached  the 
rhc^^cni'^.ri'^ei-'s   shop)  ;     the    inte- 
Tc-'iing    ratn^ocjues  of  the  libraries 
of*  Wf-t^    Bcauclerk,    the   Pinelli, 
Tvssen,     Sec.    See.    He    was     not 
hr(;ught  up  to  any  profession  :    and 
bcibre  or  soon  after  he  became  of 
age,    his  guardian  failing,    he  lo5t 
hi.^  foriuiie.     Marrying  very  young, 
and    the  love    of  reading    leading 
hi'.n  to  cVal  in  books,    he  opened  a 
V;r;oksci:'  r  s  shop  in  the  Strand,  where 
lie  published    *^  A  Dir>sertation  on 
the  Ori'^inal  of   the  i!questrian  Fi- 
^iircol'  the  George,  and  of  the  Gar- 
tM-,   by  Dr.   Pcttingal,    1753,"  4to. 
I'he   business  (if  a  bookseller   not 
proving  successful,  he  commenced 
Euctiop.fer.       He    was    author     of 
•^  Coryar  Junior,   lj?67,"     in  three 
vols.    rimo.    the  result  of  a    tour 
through    PIf aland     and    Flanders  -, 
*'  Joineriaiiia  ;    or,  ""i  he    Book    of 
Scraps,"    two  vols.    12mo.     '^  The 
Templar,"    a  weekly    paper,    pub- 
lished by  Brown,   \\hicli   was   soon 
drop];ed ;    and   *'   Speculations    on 
T/iw  aud  lawyers,  applicable  to  tlie 
ma!iifc-t  Hardships,   Uncertainties, 
and  abusive  Practice  of  the    Com- 
mon Law,  1768,"  Svo.  occasioned 
by  his   own  distresses,   the   conse- 
fjurnce  of  imprudent   speculations, 
and    a    numerous     family  j     after 
ttrugaling  with  whicli  he  was   ap- 
r-'»ii'i'd  librarian  to   the  marquis  of: 
J  :a n s  do wi  1 .     Few  men  of  t h  i  5  cou n  - 
try    had   so  much    bibliographical  • 


knowledge  j  and  perhaps  we  nercr 
had  a  bookseller  who  knew  so 
much  of  books  generallT.  The  im- 
mediate  cause  of  his  death  was  t 
hurt  in  his  leg,  which  bappencA 
from  stumbling  in  tlie  dark  over  a 
«mall  dcg-kennel,  carelessly  left  by 
^  is  landlady  at  the  bottom  of  a  stair- 
case. Ihe  wound  turned  to  a  mor- 
ti Mention,  which  soon  ended  fatallj. 

At  Sasari,  in  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, of  which  he  was  govempTj 
aged  36,  prince  Joseph  fienedictutf 
Maria  Placidus,  cf  bavoy,  brother 
to  his  Sardinian  majesty. 

30th.  At  his    private  retreat  of 
Broughton-Sidney,  Notts,  of  whiqlr 
vilhge  he  had  been  the  pastor  for 
more  than  30  years,  some  time  pre- 
vious to  which  he  kept  an  academy 
for  young  j;entjemen  at  Bingham^  in 
that   county,  the  reverend  Chaiks 
A\' ildb ore .     He  particularly  excelled' 
in  the  intricate  science  of  the  nia«_ 
thematic?,  and  had  for  many  ycani. 
been  the  editor  of  the  **  Gentlemao*!* 
Diar}',"  and   to  his  productions  in 
which  work,  as  well  as  others,  hd 
generally  concealed  his  real  nzroBr 
under   the   fictitious    signature   of; 
''  EuMENEs."    At   an  earlier,  pe- 
riod of  life  he  was  a  reviewer  rf' 
the    Philasophical  TransactionSj  in 
which  trust,  as  well  as  several  othen 
coiTmiitted  to  his  care  and  inspect' 
tion,  he  so  well  acquitted  himself' 
that  he  was  solicited  to  becorap'iU 
member  of  the  royal  society,  Ijut: 
this  honour  he  ver}'  modesdy  dc* 
clined,   in  a  letter  to  the  then  pro». 
si  dent,  remarking,    amongst   odicr 
things,    "  that  his   ambition    hak 
never  led  hini  to  visit  the  mc^tropiqljf  j' 
and  if  he  accepted-  the  honpur  oJFtais^ 
ing  one  of  that  learned  society,  i» 
shoiild  wish,  not  to  be  a  passive,  hat^ 
an  active   member  3    to  which,  fafi 
silpposed  that  it  would  be  neccssaiiF 


/ 


t:HRONICLEr. 


519 


[  to  come  forward  in  the 
^hicH  he  had  not  the  least 
on  to  do,  preferring  his  vil-' 
rement  infinitely  beyond  ihe 
hum  of  men,"  and  to  be 
he  humble  village  pastor," 
the  addition  of  the  initials 
.S." 

%  at  Paris,  ag'ed  02,  madame 
Anne  Ltpage  du  J>ocage. 
5  b(Trn  at  Rouen,  Oct.  "22, 
id  was  educated  in  a  convent 
She  was  a  nu^nber  of  the 
es  of  Rome,  Lyons,  Rouen, 
id  in  1746  obtained  the  first 
r  poetrygiven  by  the  acade- 
Roucn.  'This  lady  is  often 
ed  by  tlie  late  carl  of  Ches- 
n  his  Letters  to  his  Son.  She- 

to  the  last  that  gaiety  and 
ss  of  manners  tor  which  she 
n  so  eminently  distinguished. 
inci[)al  works  \vhic:li  have 
her  tlie  rank  she  enjoyed  in 
iblic  of  letters  arc,  her  "  Pa- 
;rdu/'  in  imitation  of  Mil- 
La  Coioiiibiade,'*  a  poem  on 
^overv  of  ^^Lmerica  3  ^*  Les 
les,"  a  tragedy,  played  with 
1749  5  and  lier  Tour  through 
.,  England,  and  Italy. 
1st.  At  St.  Domingo,  of  the 
"  the  country,  aflcr  an  attack 
ays,  Victor  Emanuel  VjC  Clerc, 
■in-law  of  Bonaparte,  cap- 
leral  of  the  French  troops  on 
md. 

At  his  seat  at  PJaslewood, 
Dcrford,  co.  Yorl^,  aged  85, 
alter  Vavasour,  barr.  of  a 
•ecorded   in  Domesday-book. 

been  a  little  indisposed- dur- 

dsy,     and  was  giviug  some 

nsto   a    servant,    when    he 

the    ground     and   instantly 
He  was  eldest  son,   by  a 

marriage,     of    s\r    Walter, 
and  was  born  1744^    Dyipg 


without  issue,  the  title  and  estate^ 
devolve  on  his  brother,  now  sir 
Thomas  V.,  bart. 

5th.    At  an  inn  in  Wrexhanv 
major  Gower,  of  the  marines,  a  bro-- 
ther  of    admiral    sir   Erasmus  "  G. 
Having  been,  for  a  week  or  ten  days, 
exceedingly  indisposed  with  an  in- 
termitting fever,  he  retired  to  rest^ 
on  the  night  of  the  4tli,  far  better" 
in  health  and  spirits  than  what  he  had 
appeared  to  possess  for  some  time 
before  3    but,  between  one  and  two 
o'clock  in  the  filorniijg,  he  awoke,^ 
making  a  great  noise  in  his  room, 
and  calling  tor  a  light.     Upon  tlie 
9(^rvant  maid  bringing  one,  he  de- 
clared to  her  tliat  he  was  sure  tlicre 
wereHhie\'es  in  the  house,  who  wer^* 
come  to  rob  and  murder  him  j  and, 
through  she  endeavoured  to  persuade 
him  to  the  contrary,  he  still  persist- 
ed in  his  declaration,   and  begged 
slie  would  go  and  dress  herself  and 
return  to  hiha.     Onfbrtunatfeiy  the 
servant  did  not  properly  consider  thd 
major's  serious  situatdop.     Posses^*^ 
ing  no  apprehension  herself,  she  wB« 
not  once  troubled  with  tlie  reflectiori 
that  this  unfortunate  gentleman' wai 
BuHering  under    a  liigh    deliriiimj  ^ 
arising  from  tlie  great  degrei^  of  fevei: 
\\ct  must  have  been  in,  and  therefori 
quitted  Hini,  for  tlie  night,  to  his'dwa 
unhappy  meditations;     The  conseA 
quence  was,  th^fthe  delirium  must 
have  increased.  He  might  h^ve  Yani 
cied  thieves  forcing  his  doorj  he  wai 
heard  to   c?dl  out,  "I  ant    majbf 
Gower  !     I    am  major    GoWer  I*^ 
About  six  o'clock  'in  the    rnorriintf 
this  unhappy  man  was  found  dead  id 
the  street,  lijiVliag  precipitated  him- 
self out  of  a  window  up.  t\vo  pair  o^ 
staits,   under  tlie  unfortunate  ina';; 
pre^ssion  of  an  alarm  that  existed.onl^ 
in  his  own  imagination.  **     ' 

^th.  At  Grenada^  th:q  hpn.  Georgo 
X.U  Ycrt 


r.¥) 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


*f-r'tSri 


'   '- 


•  -  ,-     J*  -. »     -  • 


T-  ,r.    .   ^ • . .   .     .         X  *  .       ».  -  -      »....• 

t  ■  •  _  . . 


t 


r  . 


■..■*....    -».     a.     r 


t  -    .  •    -? 


1* 


_-«^.«.«    -^I 


1.       3     ..^.■.       .     .  .  -..-•■      --       »^- ■.•--.      ..f 

I      »■  ■     J  .  •     .    -  ■'  -•     ',^     '.      :.'•    .        Hi 

■    .  ■  '  r-    ' 

t...         ■.-        .,     —  ;      *•-..--.     —      .1-  -.'.... 
...             .      >*                     «  • 

1  '  -           *  •         .-  -.       -»>-*•     r  '  '-  ■ '      =  ■  1" 

v"  ■  1 --'.* I  -.*.-'•- ^    -»'r'--     '- -i-r 

*"...      i...    a.      -■■•  »».-.•.    -J        '-      .»--•«-,    .J— •■.. 

■»  /  1.  '.'.1 .:'  .  -■*  2 ;     •-   —'•  J    *  /  -  *^ ;  --  -   'r  '  —  -^ 

•  t-^-/.       •:•'  '  i/-  •■^•'r*   *^**-    !"■   *  '^    \ -I   '■■_ 
»,:-,.     ...    _.     t      :;  '      -i-o:  •"^■*?*".r  T'*!  -f-     t'l 

r  .  ^.  -    ■" 

n;h.  Ir  >r  41 5t  ycsr,  ?h^  xife 
of  K=/li'ir(:  S2u:i:2:^z,  c-n.  o?  Xc/-- 
•:;"•'  r.  Bi:'-s,  trc'hcr  to  ad:Vilr£:  sir 
Jas.  S  ,a::'i  .':i:j:;r/c:-  of'r.c  i-:t-=  gover- 
r^r  I/:  Mcs'.r-r,  r,f  'ii';  i-h:.d  of 
A '>t;.C7,  ica.ir.g  b'J/ind Ltr  -,^-.en 

yy.h.  A*  ParkgatTj  a^cd  114,  ap«or 
•*';Tjjrj   j.ariicd  Christian  M  ,dcsty. 

In  hi"-  6>.rii  yrtir,  atvr  an  i:I:it?s 
of ' .  /.  cl ay-.,  Mr.  Se well,  \i*^ /-  •^.  li er , 
^i  (  or.iiiii'.,  rr.-pfctcd  and  n^Tf  ttcd 
b.'  "1!  •».'!.'>  kfi*^ w  him.  Mr.  Sewdl 
^^J^f^■^'^'■r]  Mr.  Brothtrton  in  the 
gjirr.c  !//::. vC  -'/l.trcin  he  fUe<i,  and 
va- ,  u  r  >  licv^:,  tht  olde^t  l.cokA^ller 
1  r;  F A :: ". o: : .  \\r,  pf j .ssessrd ,  l,esidf 5 
h .  '>  f  /  r^ . . '  i  -  i '  /.  .a  1  i  I  *  cl  j^iP-c-  n  t  of  boo  k  s, 
a  »'/."-  !iic  k:i#f.i edge  of  mechanics, 
pj!r*.r/i,.'ir'.y  of  ship-Luilding,  iind^-r- 
•  •■rmA  : i  I c  n ar  'jrc  h n d  jjrcpcrt its  cjf 

L'nL>«ir*  *n^   ^^'^'^   ^*if'  foundfT  and 
r:ir,vr  zealous  pnr..".«otcr  of  a  society 

iyi  *iic  iniprovf  m:nt  of  naval  archi- 


He  7»  aWo?be  ooca«M 

cf  1   rT.{y^i  rj^ncndai  iaiproremeiit 
r.'^ : .  r  r-.  i  ie,  sonfie  y^rs  ago,  in  Con- 

':.:...  -.  i,',<zc  'Ahliii  Lad  srMtsinal 
y:''i  '.-la  1 '. 5 i ti  by  ftrp .  Fiading 
2  iirfic-i-.y  of  gsiriag  a  readf 
f  v.-a'f:r  ^ '-;,  in  fiioat  cax$g 
'...:  -  -:  -  - 1  of  the  :r;:  -  ch :  rfi  extencfii^ 
hr  c^-ctz/c-  u.r  ii^a  -of  a  tack,  or 
r-=*r.'vr,  c ,  be  L:i  MndcT  tbc  ooaci 
r  1  ■  . : .-  r  r. t  -,  f  th c  =t r<5.*: ,  v  h: ch 
:-..  ..Vi- '^  key:  v.\\  of  wa'.cr,  ii  a 
:  :e-  -r.d  ready  reiource  :a  cases  of 
hr:-  i.2::r.-:.:ri5  in  th^t  Vicinity,  lii 
pr .  -f'.f  his  loyalty  and  p'jbJic  ipnit^ 
v;  :: -.ei  cnly  say,  that  he  was  ooe 
o;'  r:.c  nr=t  iupponers,  aadnaraed  on 
r!:?  f.rit  ccnnmitt^c,  ot*  the  loyal  a»- 
-.'c:3*i:n  at  oi^  Crown  and  Andior' 
•■'*  K^j^i  by  the  opcn'ation  and  in- 
liiieLcc  of  "which  the  nation  was 
preser.^d  frcn;  ri.e  ruinous  etiortsof 
rcpublica.-.f  a:;i  lev/jlcrs  :  and,  nb-faea 
the  fiii-g.-km  \%  as  abnned  and  a»- 
foui'.d'id  by  the  mutiny  iu  our  fleetly  - 
Lc  dxf  V.'  up,  and  at  his  own  expeoia 
circulivd,  '*  Proposals  in  Detail fora 
n:.irl;.c  vVpIumar."  AAsociation,  fior 
i.iii::*:.!^  in  Person  the  Channel  Flee^ 
the  ancier.t  aisc^  natural  DefeooB 
of  old  L  Li  V  la  I .  d  /  *  The  ol  yect,  bow-, 
ever,  \vis  happily  rendered  unnD- 
c':-^zr/  L,y  the  return  of  our  bravr 
seamen  :.» their  reason  and  duty. 

2 1  sr.  A:  Port  R -.yal,  Jamaica,of  tke 
yellow  fever,  \\tt  f.c:i.  lieutenant  Jaf. 
Piollo,  of  his  rr.2jt=ty*s  ship  Gangn;-  . 

25  til.  At  his  liouse  iu  Dover-? ^rec^ 
Ed.vard  Iliissey  Montagu,    eari  or 
Piaulicu  :   h':s  lordship    was  in  ift 
health  for  several  years  previooitot: 
iiis    deceive  ;  and  his  death    vaiL 
c'.viri-  to  the  decay  of  nature,  bdng 
i n  hi s  82d  year .     A  princely  fortuntf 
j.v;es  by  wih  to  distant  rdatipiv^^  && 
'i  h*t  talk  of  his  estates  it  is  sujH 
posed  are  beciiealhcd  to  Mr.  Hur--. 
6ey^  of  Goldcn-fjourire.  Mr.  Montagu* 


CHRONICLE. 


551 


Li«  nephew,  now  in  the  East  Indies, 
will  possess  the  estates  at  pitton- 
park,  Bucks.  A  natural  daughter 
IS  said  to  be  handsomely  pro\'idcd  for  3 
and  200/.  a  year  has  been  settled  oi) 
an  old  servant,  who  was  25  years  in 
bis  lordship's  service.  He  was  the 
(eldest  son  of  James  Hussey,  esq.  of 
Westown,  co.  Dublin,  by  Catharine, 
daughter  of  Richard  Parsons,  viscount 
lloss  J  and  marrying  Isabella,  eldest 
daughter  and  coheir  of  John  Mon-r 
tagu,  duke  of  Montagu,  and  relict 
of  William  Montagu,  duke  of  Man- 
chester, on  the  death  of  his  father-in- 
law,  took  the  name  and  arms  of 
Montagu ;  in  Ji/53  was  installed  K. 
B.'j  in  1762  was  advanced  to  the 
peerage  of  Great  Britain,  by  the  title 
of  lord  Beaulieu,  of  Bcaulieu,  co. 
Hants,  to  liim  and  his  heirs  male  by 
his  said  wite  Isabella;  and  iu  l/S-l 
earl  Beaulieu  of  Beaulieu.  He  re- 
presented the  borough  of  Tiverton. 
He  had  issue,  John  Montagu,  born 
1747,  and  Isabella,  born  1750,  died 
4772.  His  seats  were  Ditton-park, 
Bucks  J  and  Beaulieu,  Hants.  It  is 
remarkable  that  his  lordship  died 
possessed  of  the  lands  granted  to 
his  own  and  his  lady's  ancestors  by 
the  conqueror.  His  -remains  were, 
on  the  2d  of  December,  removed  in 
great  funeral  pomp  to  the  family 
vault  at  Beaulieu,  Bucks. 

2gxi\.  At  B^>th,  Thomas  Williams, 
esq.  of  Tenij)le-house,  Berks,  M.  P. 
for  Great  Marlow,  and  the  first 
member  of  the  present  parliament 
who  has  died  since  the  general  elec- 
tion. He  was  one  of  the  first  vice- 
presidents  and  firmest  supporters  of 
the  literary  fund. 

'  Lately,  at  Hesse-Cassel,  baron 
Julius  Gurgen  de  Wittorf,  a  sin- 
gular instance  of  merit  exalted  by 
.patronage  and  exertion.  From  the 
iOUi  year  of  his  age,  being  bpru  a( 

1 


Zell  in  1714,  to  the  period  of  hii 
death,  he  had  been  in  the  service, 
of  five  successive  landgraves  3  first 
as  a  page,  and  afterwards  as  an  of- 
ficer of  dragoons,  ser\ing  in  tiie 
campaign  upon  tlie  Rhine  \i\  1734. 
After  leaving  the  army.,  he  became 
master  of  the  horsey  then  chief 
master  of  the  court, '  filling  this  of- 
fice under  three  landgraves.  He 
fjfterwards  became  chief  master  of 
the  liorsc  j  and,  before  the  concln- 
sipn  of  his  public  career/  minister  of 
state,  upper  chamberlain,  comman- 
dant of  Marburgh,  knight  of  both 
the  Prussian  Eagles,  ^c. 

in  BurJington-rstrect,  rear-admlrd 
Samuel  Graves,  supperaqnuated. 

Dec.  1 .  At  Bath^  the  countcs$  c£ 
Selkirk.     ' 

3d.  At  Bath,  after  many  years  ill* 
ness,  sir  William  Fleetwood,  bart. 
of  Marton  Sands,  in  Cheshire.  Dy- 
ing without  male  issue,  the  title  is 
extinct. 

4d).  At  Brighton,in  his  83d  year, 
Samuel  Vaugl»n,  of  famous  me- 
mory, whose  address  to  the  duke 
of  Grafton,  w^en  secretary  of  state, 
17GO,  is  as  well  known  as  his  re- 
treat to  America  tor  freedom, whence 
he  was  glad  to  return  to  find  it  in 
old  England. 

9th.  At  Altona,  Anne,  dowager , 
lady  Clifford,  mother  of  the  present 
lord  Cliflord,  and  last  surviving  sister 
of  the  late  George-Henry,  earl  of 
Litchfield. 

10th.  At  his  palace  at  Hereford, 
in  the  85th  year  of  his  age,Dr.John 
Buder,  bishop  of  that  see.  - 

1 1  th.  At  Elderslie-house,ncarGlas- 
gow,  tlie  seat  of  A.  Speirs,  esq.  lady 
Dundas,  relict  of  the  late  sir  Law- 
rence Dundas,  bart.  and  mother  of 
lord  Dundas. 

Ipth.  At  Mount  Panther,  county 
pf  DpY'rij,  Irrlandj  Francis  Chariot 

Anncsley," 


5ia        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  ISOlT. 


/inn^er,  carl  Amesltn',  viscoimt 
Gler.nvry,  and  bnnni  Aniie-lcy.  lie 
was  born  1740;  sucoecdc'd  his  fa- 
ther, tlic  first  viscount,    1 JTO  ;  .  and 


I. 


Cadell,  esq.  alderninn  of  LondToii; 
a    striking   instiuice  of  the  happj^ 
ertcH'ts  of  a  strong   understandingf' 
when  united  to  unremitted  industry, ■ 


mnrried,    1766,  M^ry,  dnnditcr  of    He  was  born  ii>  Wine-street,  Bristol; 
Ilichnrd    Grave,    of  BallyhiiTimoc,     and  served  a  regiilar  apprenticeship 


county  of  Cork,  esq.  Dyinj^  witli- 
or.t  i^sue,  he-  is  sueeeeded  in  titles 
'nnd  estates  by  liis  brother,  the  right 
hoHT.^rnble  llielmrd  Apnc^ley,  now 
([•iirl  Anneslcy,  cnc  of  his  majesty's 
most  hononrabh^  pvivy  eonneil,  and 
a  chief  commissioner  of  the  re\  enue 
in  Irchnid. 

'J 3d.  At  Har^vieh,  in  his  7^{h  year, 
Jo)in  Ilubinson,  esq.  He  wa.'.  born 
at  Vpp'o'hy,  and,  at  an  early  period 
ct"  Hie,  v/:is  seltM^ted,  througl^  the 
iiifirienee  of  lord  I./^;-:f>dale,  then  sir 
Jmy/.t^  j.u\\lhrr,  to  i)e  the  member 
for  his  native  countv,   AVestmore- 


to  the  late  eminent  bookseller  An- 
drew Millar,   the  .steady  patron  of 
Tliomson,  Fielding,  and  many  othef' 
meritorious  authors;   who,  by  re- 
munerating literary  taleut  willi  d  K^- 
berality  proportionate  to  its  merit, 
distinoni?!hed  him.'^eif  as  itiuclftht' 
patron  of  men  of  letters  of  that  dayj 
as  Mr.  ald'Tman  Boydell  has  sinccr 
been  of  the  arts.      Mr;  Gadell,  In- 
1707,  succeeded  to  the  business  j[ 
and,  at  an  early  period  of  IJfe,  yni 
at  the  licad  of  his  profession.     In- 
troduced by  y\v.  Millar  to  writers  dP 
the  first  rr.rk  in  literriture,  mIio  had- 


land,  which  he  rcDre.^ented  in  two     found   in  l-im  ibejr  best  Mn'cenas- 
s:\:« 'v:-^i\c  privlirimcuts.     In  1/74  he'  to    Johnson,    Hume,    Waihurton,. 

Hurd,  cSrt.  ts:c.  I  e  ni'r.;nod  il.c  same' 
very  commendable  tt.u  k  :  aixi,  art* 
ing  upon  the  liberal  prin-.-fph;  of  hitf' 
predecessor  in  respect  to  auiJlorsy 
enlarged  upon  it  in  an  e\tcn' .  whict 
at  tlie  j^ame  time  that  it  did  lioTiCTtf' 
to  his  spirit,  Mas  well  suited  to  thflf 
more  enlightened  period  inr  whidt*. 
he  carried  on  business.      In   coiK 


M  :'o  ch-.'lv'd  iricnnl^er  i'or  the  borough 
01"  ]l::r\virh,  f  r  v.  l:ii:h  he  hi'.s  been 
?.i>t  un\f.  f.  ek'c-(  -A,  and  Vv  hich  lie  con- 
iinued  to  represent 'till  his  death, 
when  li:Mvasncar]v  tJic  (eldest  mem- 
hvv  ef  <■  ■':  house  r.f  commnn.;.  His 
nciive'tJ.-(  nls  recomn\ended  him  to 
Irrd  North  as  a  proper  person  to  fill 
the  ard\'.o!i^  ard  ii.ii^jrtant  (^mce  of 


seciaaiy  lotr?  t-i\i;i;ry,  which  he  junction  with  the  late  William  StrtM 

continued  to  h>AA  till  the  termina-  ban,  esq.  M.  P.  for  Wdttoin  BaMi;; 

tion  of  vlun  roblc  lord's  administra-  and,  since  his  death,   vrith  his  soof 

tion,    when    Mr.  Robinson    retired  Andrew  St rahan,  esq.  noM^  mcmbtr 

with  a  ]u  nsion  of'  ICCO/.  per  annum,  for  Wareham,  munificent  remaned' 

h\  J  7s^^  h(»  wns  iinpointed  by  the  late  rations  Jiave  been  held  out  to  writer^ 

minister,  Mr.  Pitt,  to  the  lucrative  of  the  most  eminent  talents  3  and  itf 


oiiiee  i»f  hnrveyor-general  of  his  ma- 
JL-;t)'s  woods  and  forests,  which  he 
lield  till  his  death.  The  bulk  of  his 
foi  iiuie  he  has  b^pieathed  to  the  six 
child  ITU  (^f  his  lat-e  daughter,  and 
their  nt)ble  father,  the  e.arl  of  Aber- 
g;i\enny. 

27 lb.  At  his  house  inrdoomfvbur}'- 


is  owing  to  the  spirit  and  generositf 
of  these  gentlemen,  tliat  the  wocUl  ^ 
has  within  these  tliirty  years  beov " 
enriched  by  the  masterly  )si\icmf 
of  Robertson,  Blackstone^  Gibb(N^; 
Burn,  Henry,  and  numberless  othbi> 
of  tlie  ablest  writers  of  the  age.-  Ju$ 
1793  he  retired  from  trade^  leaving 


j^lace^  iu  hib  (iOtli  ycm*^    Thomas    tiie    bubiuees  which  he  hbd  ettll* 


CHRONICLE. 


521    ' 


blished  as  the- first  in  Great  Britain, 
and  perhaps  in  Europe,  to  his  only 
1     son,  and   his  partner  Mr.  Davies. 
f     Accustomed,   however,  from  early 
,      iiySjto  business,  and  conscious  that 
E*     an  idle  life  was  a  disgrace  to  a  man 
of  clear  intellects,  sound  judgment, 
and  an  active  minu,  he,  with  a  laud- 
able ambition,    sought,    and   most 
honourably  obtained,  a  seat  in  the 
magistracy  of  the  city  of  London ; 
being  unanimously  elected,   March 
30,1798,  to   succeed  William  Gill, 
esq.  as  alderman  of  Walbrook  ward. 
At  Midsummer  1800,  a  period  when 
party  spirit  ran  high,  he  was  elected, 
bj  a  very  honourable  majority  on  a 
poll  witli  his  friend  Mr.  alderman 
Perring,  to  the  shrievalty  of  London 
and  Middlesex ;  to  the  very  active 
discharges  of  ^\'hich  oilice  he  owed 
the  foundation    of  that    asthmatic 
complaint  which  has  now  so  fatally 
terminated  his  life,  at  a  period  when 
his   fellow-citizens    anticipated   his 
attainment    to    tlie    highest     civic 
honours. 

28th.  A  man  ofthe  name  of  Samuel 
Matthews,  better  known  by  the 
name  of  the  Dulwich  hermit,  was 
this  day  found  murdered  near  his 
hermitage,  on  the  borders  of  Syden- 
ham-common,  Surrey. 

31st.  The  benevolent  count  Bcr- 
tholet,  and  tj^^o  ser\^^nts,  travelling 
from  Vienna  to  IMunich,  were  at- 
tacked and  murdered  in  a  wood  near 
Hohcnlinden  by  fourteen  robbers, 
who  carried  olf  the  body  of  tlie 
count. 

At  his  seat  at  Ham,  Surrey,  after 
a  short  illness,  sir  William  Parker, 
bart.  vice-adminil  of  the  red.  He 
served  diu'ini>;  the  whole  of  the  last 
war.  June  1,  l/fH,  under  earl 
Howe,  he  eminently  distinguished 
himself;  and  under  earl  St.  Vincent, 
Feb.  14,  1797,   his   irresistible  ar- 


dt)ur  displayed  die  valonr  of  the  Br^ 


tish  flag. 


SHERIFFS  appointed  ly  fiis  Majesty 
in  Council  for  the  llear  1802. 

Bedfordshire.  John  Higgms,  jun*, 
of  Turvey,  esq. 

Berkshire.  The  lion.  Thomas 
Windsor,  of  Braywick. 

Buckinghamshire.  J-.  O.  Oldham,^ 
of  Missenden-abbey,esq. 

CamlridgesMrc  and-  Huntingdon^ 
shire.  Thomas  Aveling,  of  Whitf 
tie  sea,  esq. 

Cheshire.  Lawrence  Wight,  of 
Mottram  St.  Andrew,  esq. 

Cumberland.  Edward  Hassell,  oF^ 
Dailmain,  esq. 

Derbyshire.  Thomas  Princep,  of 
Croxall^  esq. 

Devonshire.  Sii*  John  Davey,  of 
Credy,  Bart. 

Dorsetshire.  Edm.  M.  Pleydel!, 
of  Whatcombe,  esq. 

Esscjc.  Robert  Raikes,  of  Great 
Ilford,  esq. 

Gloucestershire.^  J.  Musgrave,  of 
Barn&ley  Park,  esq. 

Herefordshire.  T.  Debits,  of  the 
Apostles,  esq. 

Hertfordshire.  J.  Bosanquet,  of 
Broxborn  Park,' esq. 

Kent.  T.  J.  Godfrey,  of  Ash,  esq, 
Leicestershire.       John    Paris,    of 
Newarke. 

Monmouthshire.  T.  Morgan,  of 
the  Hill,  esq.      " 

Norfolk.  Robert  Wilson,  of  Did^ 
lington,  esq. 

Northamptonshire.  R.  C.  Elwe$> 
of  Great  Billing,  esq. 

Northumberland.  C.  W.  Bigge, 
of  Benton-house,  esq, 

Nottinghamshire,  R.  Lowe,  of 
Oxton,  esq. 

Oxfordshire^ 


.521.         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

OrfordsJiirc,    T. 'I\><)ycy,  of  Net-  Pcmhrohcshlre,      D.   Levris,    of 

ll{  Ix'tl,  (SCI.  Hen-Llan,  esq. 

liutlnudshirc,  W.  Oilsoii,  of  Bur-  Cardiganshire,    David  Davies,  of 

lei*;li,  v>i\.  Glan  yr  Occas,  esq. 

Shrnji^inrv.  Thomas  Harries,  esq.  Glamurgavshire.    R.  M.  Phillips, 

ol  J)a\\la  rar\a.  of  Sketty-hall,  esq. 

Sovicrsvtshirc.      13.   Grcchill,    of  Brecon,    J.Sparkes,  of  Peny^'or- 

Stone  Eastoii,  esq.  IckI,  esq. " 

Stajffhrushire.  11.  Parker,  of  Park-  Radnor,    J.  Sherburne,  of  Uand* . 

hall,  esq.  rindod,  esq. 

Countif  nf  SoiUkainptnn,     Sir  E. 

Ilulse,  of  Kreainore,  bart.  north  wales.                  .| 

Sitjfolk.    1'.  Coeksedge,  of  Ing-  .  ' 

ham,  esq.  Carnarvon,     R.  Wynne,  of  lL|n» 

Surrn/,     E.  Peppiu,  of  Walton-  nerch,  esq. 

iod:;e,  esq.  A?igh'seif,  G^\7llim  UoydWardlc, 

Sussex,      Sir  W.   Ashburnham,  of  Ix.^.fen  Coch,  esq. 

of  Bronmliam,  bart.  Merioneth,  J.  M.  Mostyn,  of  Qe- 

/^/7ri(7.\5Ai/T.  li.  Legg,  of  Aston,  gir,  esq. 

esq.  Montgomery.     D.  E.  L.   lioydj- 

U^iftshire.      Sir  A.  Baynton,    of  of  Farm,  esq. 

Spye-  park ,  bart .  Den tigh,  E .  L.  Lloyd, of  Pcnyllailj 

lVim:e%tershire.      T.    Ne"\vnhani>  esq. 

of  Brc:ul\^'as,  es(}.  Flint,     Sir  Stephen  Glynne,  oC  ' 

Yurhkirc.     Sir  W.  Foulis,  of  In-  Broad-lane,  bart.                           ■  i* 
glcby  Manor^  ban. 


Count  If  of  Cornwall.    Thomas  Car-^ 

lyon,  of  Tregrellan,  esq.  was  up- 

SOUTH  WALES.  pointed  sherill'  of  the  county  6f 

Cornwall,  for  the  year  18(>2,  Iw"  , 

Carmarthen,      Thomas  Ow^Dj  of        his  royal   highness  the  priac;©  b(I. 

ilas5ou!L,  esn.  Wales  in  council. 

'      •  ■  I. 


■  s  ■ 


I 


APPENPCi; 


C     525     ] 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


fficial  Letter  from  Maji>r  Cdneral 
Camplell,  commanding  the  Forces 
in  the  ceded  Districts,  tit  the  Go'- 
vemment  of  Madras.  Dated  Ja/u 
Ist,  1902,   Camp  at  TirnakulL 

To    John  Chaunicr,  Esq.   Chiif 
Secretary  ta  the  Gorer?nneni, 


Fort  Sl  George, 


Sir, 

• 

[  HAVE  grc-nt  satisfaction  iu  re- 
L  [lorting,  forthc  iiii'ormationof  the 
ight  lion,  the  governor  in  council, 
iie  following  particulars  relative  to 
le  operations  against  TirnakuU, 
'liich  have  happily  terminated  ia 
lie  fall  of  the  fort,  and  chastisement 
fits  rebel  defender*.  Immediately 
fter  the  affair  of  tlic  20th  insUmt  I 
ietached  major  Strachan,  captain 
^oble,  and  Mr.  deputy  conmiissary 
Jest,  to  Gooty,  to  prepare  such  heavy 
;uns  as  the  place  atForded.  On  a 
ninute  inspection,  only  one  iron 
Welve,  one  iron  and  one  brasi  nine- 
)ounder,  were  found  fit  for  our  pur- 
pose. By  tlie  strenuous  exertions  of 
he  garrison,  these  guns  were 
>rought  down  from  tiie  rock,  and 
i50  rounds  of  ammunition  for  each, 
^'ith  carriages,  and  tlie  articles  ne- 
cessary to  keep  them  in  order,  were 
§ot  ready  J  and  with  this  supply 
the  major   and     party   arrived    in 


earap  on  the  2(3tli.  Fasclnefi  and  ga- 
bions had  been  made  here  j  and  ia 
the  night  of  the  29tli  a  battery   for 
six  guns,    against   tlie   Nortli-we^t 
cm'tain  of  the  lower  fort,  was  con- 
sti-ucted  by  captain  Crosdill,  of  ar- 
tillery 5  and  anotlier  for  three  gun« 
against  tlie  east  face  of  the  fort  and 
citadel,  by  lieutenant  Fitchet  of  hig 
majesty's  7'^^  regiment:  tlic  guns 
were  alsp  got  into  llicm,  and  at  a 
quarter  past   six  o* clock   )'esterday 
morning  both  opened  witli  tlie  best 
possible  effect.  In  the  course  of  tb« 
day,  tlie  fitc  of  lieutenant  Fitchet'» 
battery  effected  a  practicable  breach 
in  the  lower  wall,  and  at  the  sam< 
time  opened  tlie  face  of  the  citadel } 
while  that  from   captain   Crosdill's 
made  a  breach  in  tlie  curtain  suffi- 
ently  wide  for  a  company  to  eiitej: 
abreast.     These     desirable     object* 
being  attained,  the  line  turned  out  at 
half  past  three  in  the  afternoon,  and 
the  storming  parties  were  formed  iii 
the  following  order  :     That  for  tlif 
north-west  breach  under  lieutenant- 
colonel  Davis,  seconded  by   major 
Strachan,  consisting  of  the  flank  and 
two  battalion  companiesWhis  majes- 
ty's 73d  regiments  ;  one  company  of 
the  2d  battalion  of  the  4tli  regiment  j 
and  four  companies  of  the  1st  bat- 
talion of  the  12th  regiment,  native, 
flanked    by    forty    volunteer  .dis- 

n^unied 


526 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


mounted  dragoons  of  his  majesty's 
25th  recriment :  that  for  the  eastern 
brrarh,  under  captain  Robert  Munro, 
consisting  of  tliree  b.utalion  com- 
panies  of  his  majesty's  73d  regiment; 
the  llank  companies  of  tljc  2d  bat- 
talion of  the  4th  regiment,  and  two 
<'oinpan:es  of  tlie  2d  battalion  of  the 
J5ih  regiment,  native  infantry.  At 
a  (quarter  before  four  o'clock  the 
troops  were  ordered  to  advance, 
•and  in  half  an  hour  were  compl'rtclv 
masters  of  the  place,  the  rebels 
having  quitted  the  works,  and  re- 
treated to  their  well-built  houses, 
V  here  tliev  fi)r  some  time  individually 
defended  themselves  :  most  of  them 
vere,  however,  killeti,  and  of  those 
\\  ho  lied,  but  very  few,  if  an}',  es- 
caped xhe  cavalr}',  who  surrounded 
khc  f«  >rt.  To  tlie  honour  of  die  troops, 
I  nir.^t  beg  leave  to  add,  that  every 
w«>nian  rnd  child  was  humanely 
ipared,  oiily  two  of  die  former,  and 
*i(^iic  (f  ilie  latter,  having  fallen, 
e\en  from  accidental  shot.  The 
wo'.iHu  fi.4-merlv  received  bv  lieut. 
coluiie-l  Ivloneypenny  deprived  me  of 
his  v.iluaLle  services  on  die  present 
pcc2i\i?i\,  bur  hi-;  place  was  most  ably 
filled  \jy  lieutenant-colonel  Davis; 
anil  thour^h  it  is  dilKcalt  to  discrimi- 
nate whv're  all  have  behaved  in  a 
manner  no  honoiinible  to  diemselves, 
villi  ^uvh  perfect  unanimity,  and  so 
much  i'j  my  entire  satisfaction,  I  yet 
1(-  i  it  my  dnty  to  point  out  to  his 
L-nLhip's  ncii(*e,  lieutenant-colonel 
Money] 'CJiny,  hculcnani-col.  Davi.-, 
major  Strachan,  captain  Robert 
Alunro,  captain  Crosdill,  captain 
Koble,  and  lieutenant  Fitchcl,  as 
oincers  wliu.se  Z(al  and  ability  l:a\e 
siiOHC  conspicuous  throughout,  and 
to  whose  exertions  I  am  particularly 
iudebto.i. 

Much  praise  is  due  to  my  aid-de- 


camp, captain  Read,  whose  zeal  anl 
activity,  during  our  ^-arions  qoft* 
tions  against  the  place,  was  mue- 
mitted.  Nor  cau  I  pass  over  in  si- 
lence the  meritorious  conduct  of' 
lieutenant  Maclean,  of  his  majest^f 
2oth  light  di:3gooas,  ^'ho  Qn  these' 
veral  attacks  of  the  14th,  20th,  sod 
30th  instant,  stept  voluntarify  for- 
ward to  accompany  major  Stradian. 

The  conduct  of  Mr.  deputy  com-J 
missaiy  Rest  has  also  been  much  tp 
my  sadsitiscdon. 

It  gives  me  the  most  heartfidt 
pleasure  to  add,  that  not  a  life  htt 
been  lost  on  this  occasion,  and 
that  the  accompanying  retUiA  fmt 
rtxeivtdj  of  wounded  will  be  fioiini 
to  contain  but  very  few.  Tlie  ofr 
cers  and  most  of  the  men  foraifldf 
wounded,  are  doing  well. 

A  minute  examination  of  thefbib 
and  the  knowledge  since  pi 
enables  me  to  add,  that  the 
made  by  major  Strachan  on  the  1^ 
instant  was  by  no  means  more  i|fv,| 
rited  dian  judi cioHS,  for  deterquiMft ' 
resistance  must  long  ere  thJEit,  htii 
been  die  fixed  intendon  of  tlie.xdidIL 
as  it  is  now  ascertadned  that  tfae^Mr 
veral  gates  were  previously  built  iqif'  ■ 

The  potail   or  kiliedar  of  ISittff' 
kuU  has  been  hanged,  but  the 
men,    children,    aii(}    such  of 
wounded  rebels  as  were 
after  the  assault  of  yesterdaj,  \aSk 
been  permitted  to  depart.  ''**- 

It  is  my  intention  to  destnfdli 
whole  of  the  fort,  and  I  feel  confitkA 
that  diis  example  \inll  efiectniHF 
restore  the  tranquillity  of  thcAdoijl 
province,  ^ 

I  have  the  honour  to  be  &c.-     *; 
(Signed)     Dugald  Cam^fad^ 
major^genenk' 
Gairp  at  Timakull;  Jan.  1,  180^-; 

*  ■ 

XmAh 


: 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


jSQ?I 


London  Gazetle. 

mng'Street,  January  2,  1802. 

:/  of  a  Dispatch  from  the  Re- 
^  of  ihe  Honour  able  the  Bast 
'a  Ci^mpany  at  Amioyna,  re- 
idhy  the  Court  of  Directors,  a?ul 
municated  to  the  Right  Ho- 
-able  Lord  Hobart,  Secretary 
'tate, ,    Dated  July  6,  1 801 , 

'  my-self  the  honour  ta  cpii- 
ite  your  lordship,   in  council, 
important  event  of  the  sur- 
of  Tern  ate  to   the    British 
which  was  delivered  over,  by 
ation,  to  colonel  Burr,  on  the 
itimo.     The  Dutch  governor 
;  most  resolute  resistance,  hav- 
fcnded  the  place  with  uncom- 
knuiess    for   lifty-two    days, 
.,  I  am  sorry  to  add,  at  the 
e    of    the   poor    inhabitants, 
irished,  by  famine,   from  ten 
nty  a  day,    from  our  strong 
ie  by  sea  and  land.      During 
:ellent  disposition  of  our  mili- 
id   marine  forces,   the  latter 
the  command  of  that  gallant 
captain  Hughes,   the  annual 
s  for  the  enemy  were  inter- 
through  liis  vigilance,  which 
ly  contributed,  in  a  high  de- 
1  the  ultimate  success  of  the 
isc.     The  \alue  of  the  aip- 
property  taken  by  tJic.  squa- 
mounls   to  a  lack   and  {\'iK.y 
id  dollars.     The    difficulties 
lourable  company .'s  forces  by 
!  land  had  to   encounter  on 
luous  service,   an.!  tlic  spirit 
trepidity  wliich    they   mani- 
Inring  a  siege  of  nearly  two 
,  do  them  iniinile  credit,  nnd 
Idom  or  ever  Ixn  ii  rxrccdcd 
part  of  the   sfn ,!).•.     Tiic-  hc- 
we    hr;vc  r«-cei',  l\1    of    the 


strength  of  Fort  Orange;,  and  it^  nur 
merous  detaclied  batlerie;^,    proved 
exceedingly    trroncoits,     insomucJi 
tliat  colonel  Eurr  declares  the  place 
to  be  extremely  ?>trong  by  nature, 
and  nicsl  excelltmtly  impi-oved  b^*- 
art,  wi.th  a  powerful  garris-cai,  and 
so  well  provided!  witli  arms  ajid  an^- 
munition  as  to  throw  difficulties  io- 
tiie  way  of  our  force,  which  were 
as  distresshig  as  unexpected;  thej^ 
however,  pers-evered  and  ktpt  tlieir 
ground  v^ith  so  much  braverj'  and  re- 
solution a*  to  compettlie  enemy  to 
suriiendei*  their  different  sti'ong  hdds^ 
one  after  the  Other, until  die  princip4> 
fort  and  town  were  so  coinpieteitr 
•blockaded  both  by  sea  and  land,  s^n4 
so  reduced  by  famine,  a5  toinak© 
them  sue  "for  conditions,  which,  I 
understand,  are  very  satisfactory,   I 
am  liappy  to  inform   your  lordship^ 
in  council,  that,  arduous  a«  tliis  ser- 
•vise  was;  and  ^  mtich  as  our  forces 
were  exposed  to  tlie  repeated  attacks 
of  the  enemy,  tiie  loss  of  killed  and 
wounded  of    the   troops  does   not 
amount  to  above  nine  or  ten ;  that 
of  the  marine  does  not  exceed  twelve 


seamen. 


London  Gazette,  Jan.  23,  IBQ2. 

Copy  of  a  Letter  from  Rear-iadmht^i 
Montagu,   Commanding  Officer  i^ 
his  Mjestys  Ships  aful  Vessels  ^ 
Jamaica,  to  Evan  Ncpcan,   Esq^ 
Dated' at    Port   Royal  Hario^f, 
the  igtk  of  November  180,1. 

Sir, 

Enclosed  J  have  the  Iv^DoUr  to 

transmit  two  letters  from  Frmicis  J, 

I\i)tt,  t  sc].  co^imander  of  the  Curi^r- 

9vKK  KJving  an;  account  of  an  aciiou 

betM&eea 


*•£»        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


In  t\i-ecn  his  maji'sty's  armed  tender 
JPiclJc  and  a  Spanish  schooner. 
I  have  the  honour  to  be,  Sec. 

Robert  Montagu. 

Tils  Majesty  sslnfip  Cura^oo,  Cu' 
ragoa  Harbour,  Oct,  21,  J  SOI. 

Sir, 
I  have  the  honour  to  enclose  a 
copy  of  a  letter  received  from  Mr. 
Robert  Haver,  master's  mate  of  his 
majesty's  sloop  Cura^oa>  mider  my 
command,  and  serving  on.  board  his 
niiijosty's  armed  tender  Pickle,  at- 
tached to  that  ship.  I  beg  leave  to 
inform  von  that  the  Pickle  has  been 
i'i'tittcd,   and  sailed  upon  a   cruize. 

1  have  the  honour  to  be,  5tC. 

FYancis  John  Nott. 
Rear-admiral  Montagu. 

His  Majesty  s  armed  Tcnihrr  Pickir, 
Cura^oalLari'our,  Oct.  !?>,  1801. 

Sir, 
T  beg  le^ave  to  inform  you,  that  on 
rliC  '15\.\i  ultimo,  eleven.  A.  M.  isle 
♦'f'  Ash  (Sf.  Domingo)  !)earing  N. 
\\\  distance  five  or  six  miles,  being 
on  the  starboard  tack,  a  strange  sail 
■^  as  discovered  under  the  land  bear- 
ing (U)\vn  upon  ns  \vith  an  J^nglislj 
ciisiiin  liyinor.  When  within  i)istol 
shot  of  the  Pickle,  the  enemy  hoisled 
Spanish  colours,  and  commenced  an 
action  which  continued  witii  a  brisk 
lire  from  both  sides  for  an  hour  and 
a  (juarter,  when  they  att?  mpted  to 
board,  but  w  ithout  effect  -,  finding 
themselves  foiled  in  this  thev  hauled 
their  wind,  and  m;Kle  sail  frc^m  us  : 
we  wore  and  stood  after  tl^-m,  but, 
to  my  great  mortification,  they  were 
«o  much  our  suj)erior  in  saihng,  that, 
after  a  chase  of  one  hour  and  a  hiilf, 
i  found  it  iVuitless  to  continue  it.  It 
rs  with  extreme  regret  that  1  am  to 
iiiibrm  vou  lieutenant  Grc^nshlelds 
uas  killed  forty  minutes  alter  the 


conmienrementdf  the  acth)n^  ha^'^ 
received  a  musket  ball  throvigfa  fiid 
body.     Our  sails  and  rigging  haYC 
suffered  a  good  deal,  ind  1  am^spr^ 
lo  add   tJiat    Mr.  Pearce,  midship^ 
man,  with  seven  men  and  myself, 
wen-  woiHided-     From  the  great  w 
pcriority  of    the  enemy's  force  to 
oursi  the  Pickle  only  having  thirty- 
five   men     (including  officers  indrjd 
boys,  and  of  these  tliree  were  ren*r 
dcred   unsen'iceablc  through  «ck* 
ness),  I  hope  the  exertions  used  djaV  J 
in^::  the  action,  as  well  as  those  niiid9 
to  conic  up  with  tlie  enemy,  wiB 
Mieet  your  approbation,     llie  eoen^ 
was  a  large  sohooner-riggad  vesid^  \ 
mounting  two  twelve  and  two  ninc^^ 
pounders,  and  manned  with  abad: 
seventy  men j  and  I  imagined mmt  . 
have  been  a  French  or  Spanish  pri* 
vateer. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be,  &&  *, 

Robert  Hajdi^ 

Francis.JohnE.  Nott,  esq.         .'  '. 
commander  of  his  ma-  . . ' 

jesty's  sloop  CuraCj'oa* 


Lnjidon  Gaxfttc,.  Feb.  20,  1802.>; 

■)■ 

C(i]}y  of  a    Letter  from  J^icc- 
Rainier,   Commander  in   Chief 
his  A  fa  jesty's  Ships  and  Fessds 
the  J'.ast  Indies',  to  Eimn  iVi 
Es.j.  dated  in   Madras-road,  l 
'MJth  oftitft.  1801. 


i 


Sir, 


I  Jiave  at  present  nothing  xfSt 
particular  to    communicate  to  yoO|- 
for  tlieir  lordships'  information,-  fc  * 
yond  what  may  be   collected  fronl 
the   dis|K»sition-Hst  of  his  majestf'l 
squadron  under  my  command  befO*- 
witli  enchased,  except  tlie  capture  rf 
the  French    national  frigate  Chitf- 


AITENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


529 


,  in  Malie-road,  at  the  Seychel- 
n  the  19th  ult.  force   as  per 
a%  by  his  majesty's  ship  La 
;,  capt.  Charles  Adams,  after 
t  but  gallant  action,  in  which 
1-constructed    battery  of  the 
:'s  forecastle   guns,   furnished 
furnace  for  hearing  red-hot 
cooperated    in    her    defence, 
ircumstance,  added  to  the  ad- 
;e  the   French  frigate   derived 
iier  position,  being  at  anchor, 
his  majesty's  ship  had  to  steer 
;r  opponent,   at   the  greatest 
1,  through  a  winding  and  in- 
.channel,  formed  by  various 
'ous  shoals,    with    no    other 
than  as  the  water  was  seen  to 
\\v  on  them  by  a  man  at  the 
Lead,     placed    there   for  tliat 
e,  may  be  fairly  estimated  to 
lance  the  trifling  difference  in 
ibre  of  the  metal  of  the  enemy's 
nd  justly  entitle  capt.  Adams, 
icers,  and   crew,  to   the  dis- 
hed honour  of  having  taken  a 
'equal  force.     The  Chiffon ne 
ommanded    by    a    monsieur 
se,  sailed  froin    Nantes  4:he 
ipril  last,  is  a  line  new  ship, 
ver  been  at  sea  b^.foie,    com- 
armed  and  equipped  3  her  er- 
•  the  Seychelles  was   to  land 
two    persons   who   had  been 
:ed  of  being  concerned  in  an 
t  on  the  life  of  the  first  consul 

French  republic.  As  his 
,^'s  ship  Suffolk  will  proceed 

witli  convoy  to  Spithead,  I 
efer  to  that  opportunity  llie 
iinga  copy  of  captain  Adam's 
Ml  the  occasion,  with  other 
lara.;  but  it  may  be  proper  to 
:jt  you,  that,  on  the  1.5th 
y,  near  the  coast  of  Brazil, 
liffonne    took    a   Portuguese 


schooner;  and    three  days  ^ter  ^ 
frigate  of  the  nation,  named  L*Hi- 
rondeile,    armed    en    Jlutc,     with 
twenty- four  carronades,  fwenty-tbur 
pounders,   after  a  short  ac^on,  but 
after  tlirowing  her  guns  overboard, 
and  taking  out  her  iitores,  suffered 
her  to  go  about  her  business,  the 
captain  and  officers  giving  tiieir  pa- 
role for  themselves  and  crew.     On 
tlie  16'th  of  June,  off  the  Cape,  she 
captured   the  English  ship  Bellona, 
laden  with  a  very    vahiable  cargo, 
from  Calcutta,  bound  to  England,wh6 
got  safe  into  the  Mauritius.     I  have 
only  to  add  that  I  have  given  order* 
for  the  purchase  of  the  Chiffbnnc 
for  his  majesty's   service,  and  shall 
place  her  on  the  establishment  of  a 
36  gun  frigate,  agreeably  to  her  di- 
mensions and  tiiat  of  her  masts  and 
yards. 

1  have  the  honour  to  be,  &c. 

Peter  Rainier. 

Killed  and  wounded  on  board  L^ 
Sibylle. — ^l\vo  seanxen  killed,  one 
midshipn^an  wounded. 

Killed  and  wounded  on  board  L$ 
Chiffonne.— rl^wenty-three  se^npjn 
killed,  thirt)^  seamen  wounded. ''  *  ^ 

Interesting  Detail  of  the  above  Capture 
ft  he  last  (fiht>  IVcirJ,  ex  traded  from 
the  Log-book  of  the  Sibylle,  and 
published  in  the  Madras  Gazette  of 
the  Sth  of  October  last. 

'^  Yesterday  morning  anchored  in 
the  roads  his  majesty's  ship  La  Si- 
b)dle,  captain  Charles  Adan^s,  accom- 
panied by  her  prize,  the  republican 
frigate  La  Chiffbnne." 

Extract  from  the  Sibylle  $  Log-book^ 

Remarks,  IVednesday,  Aug.  1 9, 1  SOI 

''  At  half  past  eight,  on  obsen'ing 
signals   flying  on  St.   Ann's  island. 


lin  deck.     Twenty-eight   twelve-pounders. — Qiiarler   deck.     Six  eight-pounders  ; 
ty-six  pound  c:.non:'.Ue'-. — l'orec4Stic.     Four  eighl-pounwCrs,  wiili  250  men. 

.XLIV.  Mm  hoisted 


550 


ANlSfUAL  REGISTER,    1802. 


hoisted  French  colours;     at   nine, 
having  rounde<i  the  island,  disco\iered 
a  frigate  with  her  foremast  out,  and 
several  small  vessels  cl()se  in  shore, 
backed  the  main  topsail,  cleared  for 
action,   and  got  springs  on  the  an- 
chors 5    tlien  filled  and  sot  tlie  fore- 
sail ;     at  ten  tJie  frigate  fired  a  shot 
and  hoisted  French  colours  ;  at  fif- 
teen minutes  pafst  ten,  having  passed 
through     many     dangerous     shoals 
which  lay  in  the  harbour,  anchored 
within  a  cable's  length  of  her,   not 
being  able  to  get  closer  on  account  of  a 
shoal  which  lay  on  her  larboard  bow  5 
tlie  frigate  hailed  to  desire  a    boat 
might  l)c   sent  on   board  her;  an- 
t"^ered>  we  should  send  one  imme- 
diately J  let  go  the  best  bower  under 
foot,  brought  the  broadside  to  bear, 
and  at  twenty-five  minutes  past  ten 
hoisted  English  colours  and  com- 
menced firing,  which  was  instantly 
returned  by  the  frigate,  and  almost 
immediately    by   a    raking    battery 
from  the  shoie :  at  fort} -two  minutes 
past  ten  tlie  frigate  struck,   cut  her 
cable,  and  drifted  on  a  reef;  sent 
lieutenant  Mauger  to  take  possession 
of  htr,  the  battery  still  firing  3  veer- 


ed away  to  bring  the  broadside  to 
bear  on  it ;  sent  lieuteDant  Curbyn 
on  shore,  c^n  which  the  colours  were 
also  struck,  and  the  people  made 
their  escape  ;  as  soon  as  tlic  frigate 
struck,  many  of  her  crew  got  on. 
shore  in  the  boats. 

*^  She  proves  .to  be  La  ChiffoDnei  . 
having  14  ports  on  a  side,  on  the  . 
main-deck,   but  mounting  only  ^  • 
twelve-pounders  on  that    deck;  t. 
six-pounders,    and  4  howitzer,  oar' 
the  quarter-deck  and  forecastle ;  ali»] 
had,  however,   14  twelve-pounden? 
mounted  on  tlie  side  she  engaged  u;  ] 
the  battery  proves  to  be  mounted 
with    4  of   tKe   frigate's    twdvp-* 
pounders,  from  her  starboatd  lide^  | 
having  a  furnace  for  heating  sho^; 
some  of  which  were   fired   duruf .;. 
the   action.     I-.a    Chifibuae,    000  ^ 
manded  by  captain   Guieysse,  haj^ 
about  23  killed,  and  upwards  of  3 
wounded ;     whereas  the  loss  on  ORRr' 
side  was  only  Benjamin  Johnson  adf 
John  Jones  (seamen  killed)^  and  J 
midshipman  slightly  wounded;  Hk] 
running  rigging  a  little  cut,  andtb^,' 
main- topsail-yard  shot   through  M 
both  yard-arms,'* 


I 

I  , 


•I 

>   '     i 

•  ■    1 

r. 


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APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


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540        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 

I 

Eititrtated  Annuo!  Charge  nf  his  Mqjeshfs  Civil  List,  tis  laid  before  Par*^- 
liavutnt  in  17S()>  and  art uaU mount  irt  1S02, 


The  approved  BWU  of  all  Tra.1c>i!nrn,  Art-Pccrs,  and  La- 
bourvTs,  lor  any  Arliclf  "■  sup;)!!'.  ;.  ti  \\'r'\  uon-/  tor  his 
'Majesty's  Service.  l^imiai-j i  annur^i  ^iiAijjv?  in  I7**v*. 


Bills  within  the  Dop:iTlinent  (jf  the            <^  s.  d. 

Lord  Chamberlain         -               -     43,000  O  O 

Ditto  cf  the  Lord  Steward             -     50,000  O  O 

Diitoof  tlic  Mnstrr  ofiho  F{orse         23;0oO  O  O 

Dittooftlic  Muster  of  the  Rones  -  2/200  O  O 
Ditto  of  the  UsJior  of  the  Court  of 

Kxchequcr  -  -  -  i/ioo  O  O 
Ditto  of  the  U.'^hcr  of  the  Receipt  of 

ditto                   -                   -              -     7/.KX>  O  O 

Ditto  tbr  rrinting,  .^c.  -  -  7,000  O  O 
Ditto  for  vStationiry  of  the  Houses  of 

\An\h  and  Coninu)ns  -  -  2,800  O  O 
Ditto  of  the  Travler.nicn  of  the  young 

Princes                 -             -             -   11,000  O  O 


Actual 
Amount  hi 

1803. 


147,200     O     0 


Increase  in  the  abo\e  Departments  in  six.teen  years  - 


2o,000     O     0 
1(),.000     O     O 


roieiLiri  w^ecret  Service 

Home  Secret  ServivH* 

SjK'cial  Service  and  Royal  Rount>'         20,000     O     0 

Secretary  of  State,  Foreign  Depart- 

mont,  for  C()ntiiV:-:encies  -         2,(>00     O     O 

Ditto  ditto,  I  Fon^ie  Department        -       2,o00     O     O 

Ditto  ditto,  V\'ar  Departnienl 

To  "v!ie  Marquis  (f  S:ilishi:ry,  to  be  ^xiid  over  to  the 
rhysici,ip..-»  who  atieiided  his  Majesty, 

January       J7()0  '  5,000     O     O 

Ditto  3702  0,1  (K)    9    (i 


X.  Sm  dm 

7SMI    6  0\ 

S3, 36^    S  6\ 

'2g,]64  16  6 

3,4b3   14  O  - 

1,565   10  4 


19,432  12     9 
3,561     3      1| 


219,112  9  3^ 

395,960  16  5 

25,000  O  O 

10.000  O  O 

70,U6S  13  I 

35,000  O  O  ..' 

18^000  O  O. 

5>000  O  O 


F:\f>en^>:^.   of  tlic    Triiuess  of  Wales's   Journey   to 

Knijii'id  .  ^  -  - 

?.[r  "VM,.  a'ual  nn'.l  Co.  for  the  evncnse  of  a  Picture 

rov  l-.;s  ■Nhr.v.'tv,  as  a  present  ro  General  Pa(4i 
Ditti'f 'f  the  expi'nse  of  two  swonls,  as  presents  to 

L(- 1  Flo-.ve  and  dencral  Mack 
"W.  i'.ii.lwin,  e>^ij.  as  a  reward  for  his  advice  asCoun- 

R".l  I'j  the  Setvrlary  of  State 

Injscx)  1624    o    b 

In  1801        655     7  6 
in  1802        547 _  12  O 


11.390  9  6  ■?. 

1,102  ig  o 

726  5  O 

1,731  10  6 


3^26  12  O 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE.        .  s*l 

V 

1 

Right  Hon.  T.  Grenville,  as  a  compensation  for  the 

loss  sustained  by  the  loss  df  the  Proserpine  frigate    £  1,086    0    O 
Congress  at  Amiens,  and  Minister  at  Paris         -      -        7jO00    O    9 
To  make  up  deficiency  of  Fees  towards  the  Salaries  of 
difierent  Offices 

in  1787     .-      -  403     4     O 

in  1788       -      -        3,403     4     0 

in  1789       -      -        5,119     8     3 

in  1790      -      -         4,411    18     3 

in  1791      -       -        3,701   14     8 

in  1792      -V       -       5,356  11     9 

in  1793      -       -        4,579  18     3 

in  17P4     -         -       2,653     8     3 

in  1795     -         -     •  7,198     2     1 

in  1796     -         -       8,455   17   10. 

in  1797     -         -     10,142  16     5 

in  1798     -         -       7,692     6    4 

in  1799     -         -       4,263   11      1 

in  1800     -        -     28,926  14     O 

in  1801     -,        -     18,294  18     3 

in  1802     -        -     20,957     8     7 

35>6li     3     5, 
17,114    4    6 


Expenses  of  Windsor  Great  Park 

/ 

Presents  to  Foreign  Ministers 

• 
• 

in  1792 

- 

2,23a     0 

6 

in  1793 

- 

6,659     3 

6 

in  1794 

- 

18,194  10 

6 

in  1795 

- 

8,570    '5 

0 

in  1796 

- 

2,475    0 

8 

in  1797 

- 

9,730  15 

0 

in  1799 

tm 

8,354  10 

6 

in  1800 

- 

23,733   14 

5 

in  1801 

- 

13,621    19 

0 

in  1802 

- 

10,691    10 

0 

101,765  ,15  *  10 

Demands  on  th^  Civil  List  on  the  5th  of  January  1802^  but  not  in- 

duded  in  Charges -for  iSOl  : 

SPECIAL    SEfiVICE^       - 

Sir  William  Hamilton,  CompensaHon  for  Losses  -  8,428  10    O 

Lord  Whitworth,           -          ditto               -  -  2,ldl    14 1  O 

Mr.  Wyndhara,             -          ditto               -  .  4,214     5     O 

LordMinto,                    -,        ditto            -  •>  -  3,688  18     O 

Mr.  Lock,          .            -           ditto               -  -  1,060    9    O 

Mr.  Talbet,        -          -          ^itto              -  -  647  12    6 


'^jf.  20,151     S     6 

An 


542         Ai>lNtJAL  REGISTER,  1802. 

An  Account  qftlie  several  Surfis  paid  from  the  Revenues  of  the  Dutch^'of 
Corn w alt y  in  Aid  of  t lie  Civil  List,  during  the  Minoritf/  of  his  Royal 
Highness  the  Prince  of  IValeSy  in  pursuance,  of  his  Majeslrfs  ff^arratfUt 
countersigned  J- J/  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  the  Treasury,  with  the  Doits 
of  such  Warrants;  with  an  Account  of  Interest  thereon  due  to  theVUk 
cf  Aug.  1/83,  when  his  Roifal  Highness  came,  tf  Age,  and  took  Possession  - 
f)f  the  said  Dutch  i/ ;  together  with  a  further  Account  of  Interest,  calcu* 
iated  to  the  Ist  Day  of  February  1802. 


Dates  of  Warrants. 


21st  July  1763 
31st  May  1/6.5 
21st  July  1766 
8th  July  1768 
17th  April  1769 
dth  April  1770 
3d  April  1771 
16th  April  1772 
23d  May  1 773 
4ih  August  177'^ 
24th  April  1775 
17th  April  1776 
29th  May  \y77 
16th  April  1778 
iGthApril  1779 
26th  June  178O 
2lst  May  178I 
25th  March   1782 
7tli  May  1783 


Sums  paid. 


jf.  12,000 
20,000 
1(>,.178 
1 2,5(X) 
11,000 
17,000 

8,700 
13,000 
12,H00 

8,000 
12,000 
12,950 

9>7'io 

15, (^'4 
•0',()40 

8,(>03 
15,700 

8,058 
1 2,05 1 


Principal  and  fntcfest  to  12th 
August  1 783 

Simj;lc  Interest  at  5  per  cent, 
on  the  Principal  Sum  of 
233,761/.  11^.  2f/.  from  the 
12th  August  1783,  to  the  1st 
February  1802 


-    215,907    9 


Total  Principal  and  Interest  to 
1st  Febmary  1802 

N.  B.  If  the  Account  had  been 
taken  witli  Compound  Inte- 
rciitj  the  tuncunt  would  be 


0  0 

o  o 

11  2 

O  O 

0  0 

o  o 

0  o 

O  0 

o  o 

o  o 

O  0 

O  O 

0  0 

o  o 

O  0 

o  o 

o  o 

o  o 

o  o 


Principal    233,764  ]1.    2 
Interest      118,099  13     1 


-     351,864     4     3 


567,77^    14    0 


282,551     4t     0 


Simple  Interest  at 
h  ]K*rccnt.tol3 
Aug.  1783. 


jC.  12,0)6    S 

18,199  10 

14,056  5 
9,433  18 
7,8/5     2 

11,347  5 
5,375  13 
7,358  15 
6,541  14 
3,608  15 

4,979  11 
4,738   13 

3,015   12 

4,247  7 
1,434*12 
1,345  2 
1,743  2 
598  10 
158   17 


0 
0 
2 
1 

7 
9 
11 

i 
3 

4 

0 
6 

7 
1. 


n 
7 

'4 


118,099  13  i 


Afai$ 


Appendix  to  the  chronicle. 


543 


t  of  the  Cnmniissioners  appoint- 
ifor  the  Sale  nf  Land- tax. 

the  hop.  the  commons  of  the 
1  khigdom  of  Great  Britain 
Ireland,  in  parliament  as- 
ed. —  *''The  lords  commis- 
•s  for  regulating,  directing, 
vingi  and  confirnyng  all  sales, 
:on tracts  for  sale,  made  by 
s  politic  or  corporate,  or  com- 
s,  for  the  purj'ose  of  rcdeem- 
heir  land-tax,"  have  received 
lajcsty's  directions,  to  lay  be- 
hc  house  of  commons  a  state- 

of  their  prececdings,  dis- 
ishlng  the  number  and  value 
i  sales,  and  contracts  for  sale, 
)ved  by  the  said  commissioners  : 
imount  of  land-tax  redeemed, 
)  be    redeemed,    by  virtue  of 

sales,  and  contracts  for  sale ; 
quantity  of  st(~)ck  purchased  by 
produce    of  such     sales ;    the 

to  the  public  resulting  from 
iroceedings  under  the  said  com- 
ion  ;  the  expense  incurred,  and 
estimated  vahie  of  tlie  entire 
2rty  of  which  the  tenure  has 
,  or  win  be  changed,  by  the 
t  of  such  sale..,  or  contracts 
ale  J 
nd  the  said  commissioners  re- 

accordingly  : — I.  By  an  a(jt 
id  the  21st  March  1799,  ''to 
id  and  render  more  eftectual 
preceding  acts  for  the  redemp- 
and  purchase  of  the  land-tax," 
:is  made  lawful  for  his  majesty 
ppoint  seven  persons  oi  his 
!Sty's  most  hon.  privy  council, 
s  commissioners  for  regulating, 
:ting,  approving,  and  confirm- 
dl  sales,  and  contracts  for  sale, 
e  by  bodies  politic  or  corporate, 
companies,  for  the  purposes  of 
cmino-   any     land-tiix    charged 


on  any  of  the  manors,  messuages, 
lands,  tenements,  or  hereditaments, 
belonging  to  such  bodies  politic  or 
corporate,  or  companies.  And  his 
majesty,  by  lettei's  patent  under  the 
great  seal  of  Great  Britain,  bearing 
date  the  March    1799,    no- 

minated  and    appointed    the  right 
hon.   William   lord   Ankland,    the 
right  hon.  Henry  Addington  (then 
speaker  of. the  house  of  commons), 
the   right  hon.  William  Pitt,   the 
right  hon.  the  master  of  the  Roils' 
{now  lord  Alvanley),  the  right  hon.    ^ 
sir  William  Wynne,    knight,    th^ 
right  hon.  the  lord  chief  baron,  and 
the   right    hon.   Silvester    Douglas 
(now  lord  Glenbervie),  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  said   recited   act,  and 
witJi  authority  to  any  two  or  more 
of  the    said   commissioners  to   do 
any  act,    matter,   or  thing,  which 
by  the  said    commission  the  said 
commissioners    are    authorized    to 
do:    and  various  legislative  provi- 
sions   have  since    been  made,   to 
facilitate  and  extend  tJie  operation 
and  etfect  of  the  said  commission  J 
"It.   The  lords   commissioners,    oe 
the  29th  March    1799,    severally 
took  the  oath  prescribed  by  the  act 
of  parliament,   and  afterwards  en- 
terc^d  upon  the  execution  of  their 
office.     Their  meetings  have  been 
continued  from  time  to^  time   bj 
adjournments  of  more  or  less  frp- 
quency,  according  ^  to    the    nature 
and  importance  of  the  business  to 
be  transacted ;    and    the   commis- 
sioners have  acted  with  the  advic>c  of 
counsel,  in  such  cases  as  have  been 
thought  to  require  -protesslonal  as- 
sistance.    In  adjusting  and  approv- 
ing the  terms    and  conditions    of 
sale,  it  Jias  been  anrxiously  and  in- 
variably the  objects   of  the  lords 
commi8sk)neri     to    CBta^bli^^h     and 

maintain 


54*         ANNUAL    BEGISTER,.1802. 


maintain  certain,  uniform   princi- 
ple's calculated  to  prevent  any  im- 
provident sales,   and  beneficial    as 
well  as  safe  to  the  property  of  the 
church,     and    of   otlier    corporate' 
bodies,   as  far  as  might  be  compa- 
tible with  the  nature  of  the  property 
to  he   disposed    of,   and  with  the 
difftrent  tenures  to  which  tliat  pro- 
perty might  be  subject.     Pursuing 
these    principles,    the    board   have 
found  it  necessary  to  discuss  many 
questions    of  intricacy   and  detail, 
•uith  respect  both  to  legal  construc- 
tions and   to  modes    of  valuation. 
Their   minutes  and  decisions  have 
been  consequently  very  voluminous, 
and  have  Ix^en  accurately  and  care- 
full  v  entered  and  presened.     The 
lords  commissioners  take  this  occa- 
sion to  acknowledge  the  readv  and 
efficient   assistance    and    attention 
which  ttiey  have  exprienced  from 
tin:e   to   lime,  from  his    majesty's 
law  oifl/ers,  from  the  directors  of 
tlie  ba!ik,    tlie  commissioners   for 
the  rednotion  of  the  national   debt, 
;ind  from  the  ofiiccrs  of  tlic  bank 
of  Kngland.     The  current  business 
Qf  the  commission,  as  will  appear 
•:n    the   two   followinsj  sections   of 
this  vcpcTt,    is  gradually  diminish- 
jn<r  ;  fttili,  howcuT,  it  is  consider- 
able    and     important.      III.    The 
nun^.ber  of  s:iles,  and  contracts  for 
%'A'%  iij -proved  by  tht;  commissioners, 
lias  been, 
X'ri  in  the  'ipth  March  1799  ^o  Sales. 

2Sth  March  1S(K)    -     -     -  Bg5 
P:uin  the  'i(.)th  March  ISOO  to 

2bth  March  ISOl    -     -      ^    433 
From  t!ic  'J()th  March  ISOl  to 

9lh  JiUK'  1S02     -       -      -    277 


In  the  first  of  the'  above 

periods  -  -  -  £,  364,6jd 
In  the  second  -  -  227>420 
IntheUiird         -        -        161,730 


Total     - 


1605 


JV.  The    vnlTic  of  the  salea^  and 
HoULia'  ti>  Ibv  aale,  was. 


£.  753,834 

And  tlie  said  sum  of  753,834/.  war 
obtained  \n  the  followitig  propor- 
tions,  from  ,salcs  made  by  the  di& 
fcrent  descriptions  of  ecclesiastical 
and  other  coiporate  bodies  f 
Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury and  six- 
teen of  the  bi- 
shops   -    -    -    189,493  16  Z' 

Deans  and  chapters  2Sd,982  12    4 

Rectors  and  vicars  100,187    3  10 
Colleges  and  pre- 

Ixjuds         -  85,288  11    3 

Lay  coq>orations  91,94211    1 

£.  753,834  14    9 

V.  Tlie  amount  of  land-tax  rer 
deemed,  or  to  be  redeemed,  hf 
virtue  of  such  sales,  and  coDtradi 
for  sale,  cannot  yet  be  stated  with 
precision,  as,  in  several  instadces, 
the  money  arising  from  sales^  ap- 
proved and  confimied  by  the  loi^ 
commissioners,  has  not  yet  been 
paid  into  the  bank.  Besides  whiciii 
the  properly  sold  by  tihe  c6rponitb 
bodies,  being  required  by  law  t^ 
he  sold  free  and  discharged -froiQ 
land-tax,  the  land-tax  has,  in  vety 
many  cases,  by  agreement  betweetk 
the  parties,  been  freed  by  the  lessee, 
or  purchaser,  at  his  expense.  It  iy 
therefore  difficult  to  ascertain  what 
amount  of  land-tax  may  have  bec^ 
redeemed  by  this  part  of  the  operation. 
On  the  whole,  however,  the  amooq^ 
of  land-tix  redeemed  by  virtue  of  tJb^ 
aforesaid  sales,  and  contracts  for  salc^ 
may  be  estimated  at  35,000/.  per  an- 
num. VI.  The  quantity  of  stock  pur-. 

chased 


I 


APPENDIX   to   the  CHRONICLE.    .  34S 

;d  by  the  bank  from  tlie  pro-  to  the  public,  by  giving  local  ac- 
of  such  sales,  is  1,013,000/.  j  commodation  to  tlie  purchaserfl^ 
isive  of  the  sums  not  paid  into  by  multiplying  the  means  of  im- 
wnk,  and  also  ot  sums  not  yet  provement,  and  by  increasing  the 
^ht  to  account,  amouuting  to-  revenues  of  the  corporate  bodies,  ' 
jr  by  estimate  to  200,000/.  in  some  instances  very  consideraWy. 
:.  \1L  The  gain  resulting  to  IX.  The  expense  incurred  has  been 
public  from  the  proceedings  restricted  within  the  narrowest  limits,' 
r  tlie  commission,  •  consists  to  the  salaries  of  a  chief  secretar}% 
immediately  in  tlie  one  assistant,  and  clerks  -,  the  fees,  of 
nth  required  by  tlie  acts  to  counsel,  the  rent  of  the  oriice,  and 
lid  to  the  public,  beyond  the  certain  small  incidents ,  tlic  whole 
of  the  land-tax  redeemed,  and  amounting,  on  the  average  of  three 
gain  cannot  be  stated  at  less  years,  to  about  1550/.  per  annum. 
100,000/.  stock  ;  and  tliis  is  X.  The  value  of  the  entire  property, 
isive  of  the  land-tax  redeemed  of  which  tlie  tenure  has  been  chang-  « 
the  lessees  and  purchasers  of  ed  by  the  eft'ect  of  the  sales,  and 
f  considerable  parcels  of  the  contracts  for  sale,  has  been  com- 
3rty  sold  to  them.  A  furtlier  puted  to  be  not  less  than  three  times 
resulti'iig  to  the  public  from  the  amount  of  the  whole  sum  re- 
proceedings  under  tlie  com-  ceived.  Assuming  this  computa- 
on,  is  to  be  found  in  the  >rc-  tion  to  ba  well  founded,  the  amount 
operation  of  the  redemption  soldjorcontractedfor  being  753,834/. 
2  land-tax,  particularly  by  creat-  the  value  in  fee  of  the  whole  pro- 
a  daily  demand  of  a  certain  perty  transferred  from  corporate 
3rtion  of  stock,  which  can  bodies  will  be  2,201 ,502/.  The 
r  be  brought  back  into  the  prices  approved  in  sales,  and  con- 
:et.  Tiieetfect  of  thatcircum-  tracts  for  sale,  have  varied  from 
e  is  evidently  benelicial,  and  six  to  nine  years  purchase,  for  the 
c  crculit  has  been  materially  reversion  in  fee  of  lands  and  tithes 
:cd,  by  Urns  withdrawing  from  under  leases  for  three  lives  >  from 
niirket  nearly  twenty  millions  eight  to  fourteen  years  purchase 
ock,  ill  little  more  than  three  for  tlie  reversion  in  fee  of  leases  for 
,  for  the  redcnijUion  of  land-  twenty-one  years :  iive  years  pur- 
VIII.  I'hcrc  are  also  other  chase  has  been  taken  for  houseji 
iptioiis  of  gain  to  the  public,  let  for  thirty  years,  and  three  year«i 
h  are  not  inconsiderable,  when  for  the  reversion  in  fee  of  leases' 
:tively  taken,  by  the  accumu-  for  forty  years  -,  reserved  rents, 
I  of  the  one  eleventh  beyond  and  pro|)erty  not  let  on  Ixineficial 
imount  of  the  land-tax  sold  ^  leases,  have  been  sold  from  t wen ty- 
thc  ^aving  of  the  allowances  five  to  thirty  years  purchase.  XI. 
le  receivers  general  ;  by  the  There  cannot  be  a  doubt  tliat  these 
ps  on  renewal  of  leases,  and  sales  are  convenient  to  purchasers, 
onvcyances  of  settled  leasehold  advantageous  to  the  sellers  and -their 
2S.  And  in  a  more  indirect  successors,  and  highly  beneticial  to 
:  of  view,  the  sal(\s  made  by  the  public  in  general ;  and  therefore 
Droceeding  under  the  commis-  the  lords  commissioners  would  glad- 
may  be  considered  as  benelicial  ly  have  added  to  this  report,  some 
OL.  XLIV.  -    N  n                           eitimatc 


S^6        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  l«0». 


csticnale  of  the  proportion  of  land- 
feix  payable^  and  not  yet  redeemed 
by  tlie  bodies  corporate.  It  is, 
however,  difficult  to  arrive  at  any 
certainty  in  this  part  of  the  inquiry. 
It  is  pivbable  that  tlie  proportion 
of  land-tnx  redeemed  by  the  corpo- 
rate bodies  and  their  lessees,  may 
exceed  the  proportion  as  yet  redeem- 
ed by  other  descriptions  of  property 
chargeable  witli  land-tax  j  still, 
however,  it  niay  be  estimated  tliat 
more  than  two  thirds  remain  unre- 
deemed. XII.  The  general  results 
may  Ik?  stated  to  be :  tliat  the  num- 
ber of  sales  approved  is  l605  ;  tliat 
the  amount'  in  money  of  sucli  sales 
so  approved,  is  753,834/.  sterling ; 
that  tlie  value  in  fee  simple,  of  the 
property  sold,  is  about  2,000,000/. 
sterling ;  tliat  the  stock  purchased 
for  the  redemption  of  land-tax, 
under  the  proceedings  of  the  com- 
missioners, is  about  1,200,000/. ; 
ihat  the  whole  expense  to  the  pub- 
lic has  been  5400/.  3  that  the  gaiu 
to  the  public,  by  the  operation,  has 
not  been  less  than  110,000/.  stock  ; 
exclusive  of  the  other  boucfits  ex- 
plained and  detailed  in  this  report. 

By  order  of  the  lords  commis- 
sioners, 

W.  Young,  Secretary. 
lOthJuns  1S02. 


JList  of  the  Memlers  returned  to 
strvt  in  the  Second  Parliammt 
If/' the  United  Kingdom. 

ENGLAND   AND   WALES. 

Ahingdon.  Thomas  Iheophilu* 
Metcallc. 

Aamondesham.  T.  D.  T.  Drake, 
C.  D.  Garrard. 

Albans,  St.  Hon.  J.  W.  Gtmr 
stftiie*  W.  S.  Poyn^r 


Aldhorough,  Suffolk,    Sir  J.  Ail" 
brey,  bart.>  J.  M'Mahon. 

Aldborough,  Yorkshire,      Cbarict 
Duncombe,  jun.,  John  Sullivan. 

Andover,    T.  Ashton  Smitbj  hxxOmh 
N.  Fellowes. 

Angli^sea.    Hon.  Arthur  Paget. 

Appleby.     John    Courtenay^   P» 
Francis. 

Arundel,    Lord    Andover^  John 
Atkins. 

Ashkurton,  SirHughlnglU^  Wal- 
ter Palk. 

Aylesbury.  •  James  DuprS^  Bfllli 
Bent 

Bcaibury.     Dudley  North. 

Barnstaple,    W.    Devayncs^   aii; 
Edward  Pellew. 

Bath,   Lord  John  Thynne^  J.  'Ed- ' 
mer. 

Beaumaris,     Lord  Newboreudi4 

Bedfordshire,     Hon.   H.   A.  "St 
John,  J.  Osborne. 

Bedford  Town,    Sam.  WbUlxnepJIi 
W.  Lee  Antoyne.  ■ ' 

Bedwitu  Sir  K.  Buxton^  N.  iSoh 
laud. 

Beeralston,     Lord   Lofaine,  ofk 
W.  Mitford. 

Berkshire,   Geo.  Vanuttart^  Glid|b 
Dundas. 

Berwick.     Thomaa  ISall^    Johl^  • 
Fordyce. 

Beverley.    John  Whattoi^  N.  Gf< 
Burton.  ■ . , 

Bewdley,  Miles  Peter  Andrew.   . ' 

Bishop' sCastU.  Wm.  Clivej,  Jofap  ' 
Robinson.  < 

Blechingly,    James  Milncf, Jw J^    \ 
Walsh.  V 

BodmyTL    CL  S.  Lefeyre,  J.  Djp 
pre  Porclier. 

Buroughbridge.    Hon.  J.  Scol^ 
E.  B.  Portman. 

Bossiney,    J.  H.  Addingttoj  X 
A.  S.  Wortley. 

Boston,    W.  A.  Maddock,  Hb/k 
Fydell. 

Brackley,    John  W.  IggSBrtjaQb^ 
muei  H^^esr  . 

jDiwavQ 


I  w 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE.  547 

Mramher.     G.  Sutton,   H.  Jod-         Chippenham.  C.  Brooke,  J.  Daw- 

drel.  kins. 

Brecon  County,     Sir  C.  G.  Mor-         ChrisUhurch,  Rt.  hon.  G.  Rose, 

gan.  W.  Sturges. 

Brecon  Town.     Sir  R.  Salisbury.  Cirencester,    Sir  R.   Preston,  M. 

Bridgnorth.     J,    Whitmore,     J.  H.  Beach. 
Hawkins  Browne.  CUthero,    Hon.  J,  Cust,  hon.  E. 

Bridgwater,    G.Pocock, J. Allen.  Curzon. 

Bridport.     Sir    E.    Nepean,    G.         Cockermouth.    Rob.  Ward,  James 

Barclay.  Graham. 

Bristol,     Right  hon.  C.  Bragge,         Colchester.      3,     Dennison,     R. 

Evan  Baillie,  Thornton. 

Bucking Jiamshire.  Marquis  Titch-         Corffe  Castle.  H.  Banks,*N.  Bond, 
field,   earl  Temple.  Cornwall  County.  Sir  W.  Lemon, 

Buckingham  Town.     Right   hon.  Francis  Gregor. 
T.  Greuviile,  lordW.  A^Proby.  Coventry.     N.   Jefferys>    W.    F. 

Calling  ton.     J.  Inglet  Fortescue,  Barlow. 
Paul  Orcliarcl  Cricklade.    T.  Estc'ourt,  lord  Por- 

Calne.     Lord    Henry   Petty,    J.  Chester. 
Jekyll.  Cumberland.     Sir    H.    Fletcher, 

Cajnh  ridges  hire.     Lord  C.  Man-  J.  Lowther. 
Jiers,  right  hon.  C.York.  Dartmouth.      E.      Bastard,     A, 

Cambridge  University.  Right  hon.  Howe  Holds  worth. 
W.  Pitt,  earl  Enston.  Denbighshire.  Sir  W.  W.  Wynne. 

Cambridge  Town.  Hon.  E.  Finch,         Denbigh  Toivn.   Hon.  F.  West. 
Hobert  Manners.  Derbyshire.    Lord  G.  Cavendish, 

Camelford,     R.   Adair,    J.    Fon-  E.  M.  Mundy. 
blanque.  Derby  Town,    Hon.  G.  Walpole, 

Canterbury.     Hon.    G.  Watson,  E.  Coke. 
J.  Baker.  Devizes.    Right  hon.  H.  Adding- 

Cardiff^.     Lord  W.  Stewart.    .  ton,  J.  Smith. 

Cardiganshire.     T.  Johnes.  Devonshire,    Sir  Lawrence.  Palk, 

Cardigan  Town.     Honom*able  J.  J.  P.  Bastard. 
Vaughan.                                            ^       Dorsetshire.    W.  M.  Pitt,  F.  J^ 

Carlisle.     J.  C.  Curwen,  W.  S.  Brown, 
fitanhgpe.  Dorchester.     F.  Fane,  C.  Ashley. 

Carmarthenshire,     Hamlyn  Wil-         Dover.  J.  Trevanion,  J.  S.  Smith, 
liams.  Downton,     Hon.    E.   Bouveric;, 

Carmarthen  Town.  J.G.Phillips,  hon.  J.  Ward. 

Carnarvonshire.  Sir  R.  Williams.         Droitwich.    Sir.  E.  Wimiingtou, 

Carnarvon  Town.    Hon.  E.  Paget,  hon.  A.  Foley. 

Cast/e  Rising.     P.   J.  Thelluson,         Dunwich.    Lord  Huntingfield,  S. 

C.  Chester.  Barne. 

Cheshire,    T.  Cholmondeley,  W.         Durham   County.     Sir    R.    Mil- 

Egerton.  banke,  R.  Burdon. 

Chester.    Lord  Belgrave,  T.  Gros-         Durham  City.    'R.   J.  Lambton, 

yenor.  Richard  Wharton.  ' 

Chichester.    Right  hon.  T.  Steele,         Bast  Looe.    J.  Buller,  E.  Buller. 
Cr.  W.Thomas.  Nu2  Ed^iiunds 


^4S        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

Ednmnifs  Bury,  St,  Ix)rd  Hen'cy,  Hfytesl-urt/.    LordKirkMrallj  right 

lord  C.  Fitzroy.  hon,  C.  Abbott. 

J'lssex.    J.  iJullock,  Eliab  Harvey.  Higham  Ferrers.  F.  F.  Foljambc 

Evesham.      Cy    nicllusson,     C.  Hindtm,  T.  Wallace,  J.  Pedley. . 

IJrucc.  Hnniton,  G,  Shuni,  sir  J.Hqdcj- 

Errter.    Sir    C.    Kanifylde,     J.  wood. 

BiillcT.  Horsham.    P.  Ross,  E.  HUliard. 

Eije.     Hon.  W.  Cornwallis,   J.  Hunthigdonshire.    Lord  Hinchin- 

Cornwallis.  brook,  lord  Montagu. 

Flintshire.    Sir  T.  Most\Ti.  Huntingdon  Towfi,  J,  C^Sxertfyf, 

Flint  Town.    Watkin  AVilliams.  H.  Fellowes. 

Fowvy.  R.  P.  Carew,  K  Golding.  Hythc.    M.  White,  T.  Godfrey. 

GatUm.    M,  Wood,  J.  Dashwood.  Ilchester,  W.Hunter,T.Plumnicr. 

Germain  Sy  St.  Lord  Binning,  J.  Ipswich.     C.  A.  Crickett,  sirA, 

Laiioham.  Hammond. 

Glamorgamshirc.   T.  Windham.  Ives,  St.    W.  Praed,  J.  Raine. 

Gloucestershire.    Hon.  G.  Berkf-  Kent.     F.    Honywood,    Mr  Wl 

1(T,  manjuis  of  Worcester.  Geary. 

'  Gloucester  City .   J.  Pitt,  H.  How-  King  s  Lynn.     Sir  M.  B.  Folka, 

arc!.  hon.  H.  Walpole. 

Grampound.   Sir  C.  Hawkins,  B.  Kingston-upm-Hull.    S.  Thofh- 

H<>i)house.  ton,  J.  Staniforth. 

Grantham.    Sir  W.   E.   Welby,  Knareslorough.    Lord  J,  TowBr  . 

T.  Thornton.  sbcnd,  J.  Hare. 

Great  Grimstij.     A.  Bouchcrctt,  Lancashire.  T.  Stanley,  J.  Blflck- 

J.  PT.  Loft.  burne. 

GiinsieadyEast.   SirH.  Strachey,  Lancaster  Toam.  Marq.  ofDoQg- 

I).  (jiles.  las,  John  l)cnt. 

Guildjhrd.    Lord'Cranlcy,  hon.  J.  Launceston.    J.  Brogden,  R«  IL 

C  Norton.  A.  Bennct. 

Hampshire.     Sir  W.   Heathcote,  Leicestershire.  Sir  ^.  C.  Hartxfp^ 

W.  Vhmc.  Q.  A.  L.  Keck. 

Harwich  J.  Piobinson,T.  Mever«.  Leicester  Totun.     S.  Snutb.    Ti  , 

Hasiemere.    G.  Wood,  B.  Penn.  Babington. 

Hastings.    Lord   Glenbcr\ie,   G.  Leominster.    J.  LuUx)ck,  hoD.Ci 

W.  Gunninjr.  Kinaau'd. 

Hnrerfordwe.^t.  Lord  Kensington.  Liskeard.     Jiou.  J.  Eliot,  hott.  • 

HiUtnn.  Lord  Fitzharris,  J.  Penu.  W.  Eliot. 

Ihri'f>rd.shirc.     Sir  G.Cornwall,  Lwr^t- i^AieZ.  H.  Sloanc,  W.  DW- 

J.  G.  Cottercll.  enson,  junior. 

Hereford  City.   J.  Scudamorc,  T.  Lewes.      Lord  F.  Osbom^'  H. 

P.  Symonds.  Shelly. 

liertfnrdshire.  W.  Plunier,  hon.  Lincolnshire.    Sir   G.  Heathoot^jr 

P.  ]..anii)c.  C.  Chaplin. 

Henjhrd  Town.  Hon.  G.  S.  Cow-  Lincoln  City.    R.  £llisoD,  ILSH)- 

pei-   iV   ThK  »r^  thorp. 

Heydon.  Q.  A.  SaviUc^  G.  Johu-  LUchficld.    Sir  J.  Wrottcriey,T: 

ptoiu:.  Auson;                                 -      _A 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE-  ^49 

Liverpool,  General  Taiieton,  gcni  ^  Newport,  Cornwall.    J.  Richard^ 

^ascoigne.  sou,  W.  Northey. 

London.  H.C. Combe,  C.Price,  Newport,  Hants,    J.  Blackburn, 

W.  Curtis,  sir  J.  Anderson.  R.  G.  Kerr. 

Ludlow,  Hon.  R.  Clive,  R.  Payne,  Newton,  LaniiasJiire,  T.  Brooke^ 

knight.  P.  Pa.tten. 

Ludgcrsliall.   Earl  of  Dalkeith,  T.  Newton,  Hants,    Sir  R.  Barclay, 

Everett.  C.  Chapman. 

Lipne  Regis.    Hon.  T.  Fane,  hon,  Norfolk.    T.  W.   Coke,  sir   J. 

H.  Fane.  Astlcy. 

Lyniington.    W.  Manning,   gen.  Northallerton,   H.  Pierse,  hen.  E. 

H.  Burrard.  Lascelles. 

Maidstone,    Sir  M.  Bloxham,   J.  Northamptonshire,     F.    Dickins, 

H.  Durand.  W,  R.  Cartwright. 

Maiden.  J.  II.  Strutt,  C.  C.  Wes-  Northampton  Town,  Hon.  S.  Per- 

tern.  cival,  li<m.  E.  Bouveric. 

.    Malnishmj.    C.  Scott,  S.  Scott.  Northumberland,    Hon.  C.  Grey, 

•  Malton,     B.  Cooke,  hon.  C.  L.  colonel  T.  Beaumont. 

Dundas.  Norwich.  R.FelloweSjW.  Smith. 

Marlborough.  Ld.  Bruce,  J.  Leigh.  Nottinghamshire,    Lord  W.  Ben- 

Marlow,    T.  Williams,  O.  Wil-  tinck,  hon.  E.  Pierrepoint. 

liams.  NiUtinghamTown,  ^ixi.l^.VIdX'' 

Mawes,  St.   Rt.   hon.  W.  Wind-  ren,  J.  Birch, 

ham,  sirW.  Young.  Oakhampton,  J.  Strange,  H.  Hol- 

Michacl,   St,    11.  Dallas,   R.    S.  laud,  junior. 

Ain.slie.  Orford,   Lord  R.  S.  Conway,  J. 

Merionethshire.    Sir  R.  W.  Vauoj-  Trail. 

han.  Oxfordshire,   Lord  F.  A.  Spencer, 

MJdhurst.    G.  Smith,  S,  Smith.  J.  Fane. 

Middlesex,   G.  Byng,  sir  F.  Bur-  Oxford  City.  A.  Wright,  F.  Bur- 

dett.  ton. 

Milburne  Port.     Lord  Paget,  II.  Oaford  University,    Sir  W.  Dol- 

Leycestor.  ben,  right  hon,  sir  W.  Scott. 

Minehead.  J.  F.  Luttrell,  J.  Pat-  Pembrobeshire,  Lord  Milford. 

teson.  Pembroke  Town.   Hugh  Barlow. 

Mnnmouthshire.    Gen.  J.  Rooke,  Penrhyji.  Sir  S.  Lushington,  sir 

C.  Morgan.  J.  Nicholl. 

Monmouth  loivn.    Lord  C.   So*  Peterborough.    Dr.  F.  Lawrence, 

merset.  W^.  Elliot, 

Mntitgomerysh.CW.W.WyiwiQ.  Petersfcld,   H.  Jollifte,  Mr.  serg. 

Montgnmeri^Town.   W.  Kcenc.  W.  Best. 

il/or/>e^/i.  Ld.  Morpetli,  V.  Ord.  Plymouth.     SirW.    Elford,    P. 

Newark.    Admiral  sir  C.  M.  Pole,  Langmead. 

T.  M.  Sutton.  Plipnptou,  E.  Goulding,  P.  Mct- 

Nt'wcastle'Vyidn'Llne.     E.     W.  calfe. 

Rootle,  sir  R.  I^uvley.  Pontifract.  J.  Smyth,  R.  Benyon, 

Newcastle- upon-Tine,  Sir M.  Rid-  Poole,  J.  Jeffery,  G.  Garland, 

ley,  C.  Brandling.  N  n  3                     Portsmouth, 


5S0       ANNUAL   REGISTER,    lS02. 

Portsmouth.    Hon.   T.   Erskine,  Southwarh     H.   ThorntdD^  'C, 

cn])tnin  J.  Markham.  Tiernf-y. 

Preston.    Lord  Stanley,  J.  Hor-  Staffordshire,  Lord  G.  L.  Ga«erj 

rcrks.  sirE.  Littleton. 

Q'/fU'Tisbornugk.    J.  Prinsep,  G.  P.  Stqfford  Town,    R.  B.   SheridUj 

Moore.  hon.  E.  Monckton. 

Radnor  County.   W.  \Vilkins#  Stamford,    Gen.  J.  Leland>  liicn- 

Radnnr  Town.  R.  Price.  tenant-general  A.  Bertie. 

Heading.    F.  Anneslry,  C.  S.  Le-  Steyning,    J.  Martin  Llojd^  B.  . 

fevre.  Hurst. 

Retford  (East),    R.  Cranford,   J.  Stocklridge,   J,  F.  Barham>  coL 

Jatiray.  G.  Porter. 

Richmond,  Yorkshire.  Hon.  G.H,  Sudbury.    Sir  J.  C.  Hlppedey,/. 

L.  Dundas,  A.  Shakespeare.  Pytches. 

Rippon,  Sir  J.Graham,  J.  Heath-  Suffolk,    Lord  Brome^   sir  T.  & 

cote.  Bunbury. 

Rochester.    Sir  W.  S.  Smith,  J.  Surrey.    Lord  W.  Russdj  sir  J. 

Hulks.  Frederick. 

Romncy  (New).   J,   W.  Willett,  Sussex.  General  C.  Lennox,  Johi 

M.  Lopez.  Fuller. 

i?////a/Zi/5Airr.    N.  Noel,  lord  Car-  Tamworth.     Sir   R.    Pede^  ge-./ 

berry.  neral  VV  .  Loftus. 

Rye     Rt.  hon.  lord  Hawkcsbury,  Tavistock.    Lord  R.  Spencer>  ge* 

T.  1).  T^Tib.  neral  Fitzpatrick. 

Ryr(ro(i\   Hon.  J.  S.  Yorke,  hon.  Taunton.     W.  Moreland^    Jbfan 

J.  S.  (Jocks.  Hammett. 

Stdop  County.    Sii  R.  Hill,  J.  K.  Tewheshiry,     J.  Martin^  Christ 

Powell.  Codrington. 

Saltash.  M.  Russell,  R.  Devercll.  Thetford.    John   Harrison,  Tba,  ■. 

Snjulwich.  Sir  P.  Stephens,  sir  H.  Creevey.                                                ■ 

Mann.  Thirske,     Sir  G.  P.  Tomer,  Wi    ■ 

Snnnn  (New).  W.  Hussey,   lord  Frankland. 

F(?]i:(stoTic.  Twer  ton.     Right  hon,  D.  RydCTi    ' 

Saruw  (OldJ.    N.  Vansittart,  H.  hon.  R.  R>der.                                      ,| 

Al(  >::rnd;r.  Totuess.    William  Adams,  J.  K 

Scaricrough      Hon.    E.    Phipps,  Burland.                                        .;» 

Icnl  R.  MiMiors.  Tregony.    Marquis  of  Blandfoia[ 

Si'ofrd.  C.  Rose  Ellis,  R.  J.  Sul-  Charles  Cockerell. 

11  van.  Truro,    Leveson  Grower,  J.  Lb* 

Shrftesfury.    E.  L.  Loveden,  Ro-  mon. 

bcili^uiNt.  JValUngford,    Sir  Francis  Sykdi 

S'">r(ham.    Sir  Cecil  Bishopp,  T.  W.  Lewis  Hughes. 

Slu'ilf  V.  iVareham.     J.  Calcraft,  A.  Stia- 

S/i/Lit'sh/ry,     Sir  Wm.  Pulteney,  han. 

hon.  ^^  .  fllii.  IFanvichshire.    Sir  G.  A.  W.  S. 

S^.^'crsatshirc.    W.  G.  Langston,  Exf^lyn,  D.  S.  Dugdale. 

W'iir  tin  i3ic kcnson.  JFartvick  Town,     C.  MiUs,  lirf 

Soutiunnpton  Town.    G.  H.  Rose,  Broke, 

J.  Amyatt.  IV^Lls,  C.Tudway, C.W.Taylor. 

Wmdiaer. 


APPENDIX  lio  iht  CHRONICLfe.'  551 

JVendover    Right  hon.  C.  Lohg,  Scotland. 
hon.  J.  Smitli. 

JVenlock,  Cecil  Forrester,  hon.  J.  Aherdeemhire.  James  Ferguson. 

Simpson.  Aberdeen,  Alerhrothich,  Montrosep 

IFeolly,     Lord  G.  Thynne,  J.  F.  Sreechhi,    and  Inverhervie.    James  . 

Thf>inas.  Farquhar. 

IVesthtry.  W.  Baldwin^  C.  Smrth.  Ayrshire,  Col.  Wm.  Fullarton> 

J^tst  Looe.  '  Jcis.  Buller,  Thomas  ^''^^'/^Airt'.Ld.  J. D.  E.H.Camp- 
Smith,  bell. 

IFestminster,  Hon.C.X.  Fox,  Ibrd  Bctnjskire.    Right  hon.  sir   W. 

Gardner.  Grant.                                          ^ 

JVestmoreland.     Sir  M.  Le  Flem-  Berwickshire,  George  Baillie. 

ing,  J.  Lowther.  Buteshire  zwdLCaithiess,  Sir  John 

fVcu month  and  Mtkombe  Retris,  Sinclair. 

Sir  J.  Pulteney,    G.  Steward,  W,  Clackmartanshire Bnd  Kinross.  W. 

Garthshore,  C.  Adams.  Douglas,  M'Lean  Clephane. 

Whitchurch.  W.  Townshend,  W.  CraH,  Kilrenny,  Anstruther-iasl* 

Broderick.                               '  sr,  Pittenweem,    and    Anstruther^ 

IHgan.  R.  H.  Leigh,  John  Hod-  Jf^ester.  Gen.  Alex.  Campbell, 

son.  Culross,  Dunfermlmg,  Inner keith' 

IVilton,   V.  Fitzwiirram,  hon.  J.  ing,  Queen-Ferry,  and  StirUng.    Sir 

Spencer.  John  Henderson,  Alex.  Cockran. 

fFiltshirc,    A.   Goddard,    H.    P.  Cupdr,  Perth,   Dundee,  St.  An^ 

Wyndhani.  dreu^,  and  Forfar,    David  Scott. 

JVitirhclsco,.     Rob.     Ladbrooke,  ^/!r7»^fl>'^7w/«Ve.  Jas.  Colqnboun, 

Wm^  Moflat.  junior.    • 

fFinchnth,     Sir  R.  Gamon,  sir  Dumi-arton,  Rut/ierglen,  Giasgmv, 

H.  Mildmay.  Tmd.  Renfrew.  Alexander  Hxiuston. 

tFindfor,  J.  Williams,   hon.   R.  Buy nfrhess hire.    Sir.  Rob.  Liv/ric. 

F.  Greville-  Dumfries,     Santjukar,     Krrcudr 

•  Woodstock.   Sir  H.  Bashwood,  C.  bright,    Lochmaben,    and    Annan. 

Abbott.  Hon.   Charles  Hope. 

TKorcestershhre,  E.  Foley,  W.  Ly-  Edinburghshire,  Robert  Diindas"; 

gon.  Edinburgh  City.    Right  hon,  H. 

^Vorcester  City,    A.    Robarts,   J.  Dundas. 


d 


\\U  Elginshire,  Jmnes  Brodie. 

JfToottoji   Bassett.     Hon.    H.  St.  Fifeshire,    Sir  Wm.  Erskine. 

John,  R.  WilHnnisJun.  Forfarshire,    Sir  David  Carnegie. 

Wycombe  (Chipping).       Sir.     J.  .    Haddingtonshire.  Hon.  colonel C. 

Dashwood,  sh*  F.  Baring.  Hope. 

Yarvwuth,  Norfolk.  Sir  T.  TYow-  Inverness-shire.  Charles  Grant, 

bridge,  T.  Jcrvis.  InverHesf,    Nairn,    Forres,     and 

Yarmouth,  Hants,  J.  C.  Jefvoise,  Fortrose.    A,    P.    Cnpdming  Gof- 

J.  P   Murray.  don.                                   ^                 - 

Yorkshire,    W.  Wilbriforce,  H.  Irvine,   Air,  Rothsay,    Lweraty, 

Lascelles.  and  Campdeilimvn.  Jolin  Ccimpbcll. 

York  City.    Sir  W.   Milaer,  L.  Khcettdheskhre.  Sir  John  Stiiart. 

Dundas.  Kintore,   Ba^ff\    CuUen,    Efghi^ 

Nn  4  aud 


552        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

and  Invercurie.  Colonel  Francis  W.  Beifasi.    Edward  May, 

Grant  Carrichfergus.  Lord  Si)encer  Qii«i 

Kircudbright  andStewartry.  Pa-  Chester, 

(rick  Heron.  CasheL    Ri^t  hon.  W.   Wlcfc- 

Ki-igho7ii^Kirka!(hf,Brunt'Is/and,  ham. 

and  Dysart,     Sir  J.  St.  Clair  Er-  Carlow  County,  D.  Latoucbe,  G. 

skinc.  O'Bagenal. 

Lanarkshire.     Lord    A.  Hamil-  Carlow    Town,      C.    Montague 

ton.  Ormsby. 

Ladder,     Hnddifigton,     Dttrilar,  Cavan  County,    Nath.  Sneydj,  F» 

I^orth  Bcncick,  and  Jidburgh.  Hon.  Saunderson. 

Tliomas  Maltland.  Clare  County.     Sir   E.  O'Bneo/ 

Linlithgcwshhe,  Hon. Chas. Alex.  hon. F.  N.  Burton. 

Hcpe.  Clonvtell,  William  BagwdL 

Nairnshire  and  Cromarty,     Gen.  Cork  County,    Lord  Bc^le^  R.  H 

Ale::.  M'Kcnzie.    •  Fitzgerald. 

Orkney  and   Sltetland,     Captain  Cork  City.   M.  Longfidbd^  hon,  CI . 

Robert  Honyman.  H.  Hutchinson. 

Peebleshire.  James  Montgomery.  Coleraine.  Walter  Jones, 

Perthshire,  Col.  Tho.  Graham.  Donegall  County,     Lord  Sudley, 

Renfrewshire,   Wm.  AT'Dowall.  sir  James  Stewart. 

Ross'Shire,  Sir  Charles  Ross.  Dawn  County,  Lord  Castlereag^ii 

Roxburghshire,  Sir  Geo.  Douglas.  F.  Savage. 

Sclhiikshire.  John  Rutlierford.  Downpatrick.    Counsellor   Haj* 

Selkirk,  Lanark i  Peibles,  and  Lin-  thorn . 

Uthg(\tr     Col.  Wm.  Dickson.  Drogheda,   Edward  Hardmafl.  '. 

StirUngshirs,    Ca]t,  Charles  El-  Dublin  County.    H.  HanultoDjF. 

phinstone.  J.  Faulkener.                            ■    : 

Stram  awer,     Wigtown,    White-  Dublin  City,    J,  C.  Beresfbid,  J. 

hern,  and  New  Galloway,    Spalding  Xalcuchc.                                         J 

Gurdon.  Dullur College,  Hon.  Geo.  K^;9S» 

Suthrrlandshire.   Right  hon.  W.  Dundalk.   Richard  Archdall.    .,; 

Duiidas.  Dunjuannon,  Hon.  John  Knox. 


Wigtnw?;shire.  And.  M'Dowall.  Dunuan^an,  William  Green. 


'1 


Kirkvwll,  Tain,  Dingwall,  Dor^        Enms,  James  Fitzgerald,       ^_^ 
nock,  and  Wick,     John  Charles  Vil-        Etmiskillen,    Hon.  A.  CQlel|||||| 

licrs.  milton.  .  .. 

IRELAND.  Fermanagh  County.    Lord.Cql^* 


- 1 


Mcr\^ii  Archdall. 

Antrim  County.  Hen.  J.  O'Neil,        Ga  I  way  County.  l^on.R.'TteD^^ 
E.  A.  IM'Naugliten.  R.  Martin. 

Armagh  County,    Hon.  A.  Ache-        Galway  Town,  J.  Brabazon  PWl- 
son,  hon.  H.  CauUleld.  sonby. 

Armagh    Town.    Patrick  Duige-         Kvrry   Coimty.     M.    RtzgcraWi 
nan.  James  Crcsbie. 

Athlojie.  William  Handcock.  Kildare  County,    Ixird  R.  Rtt- 

Bundon  Bridge,     Sir  Brod,  Chin-    gerald,  Robert  L^touche, 
nery.  Kilkenny  County.   Right  IioOflj^ 

aW 


f 
1 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


5SS 


able  W.  E.   Ponsonby,  honourable 
J.  Butler. 

^Kilkenny  City.    Hon.  Chas,  But- 
ler. 

Kings  County.    Sir    L.  Parsons, 
T.  Bernard. 

Kinsale.  James  C.  Rowley. 

Leitrim  Cnimty.    Lord  Clements, 
P.  J^toucbe,  junior. 

Limerick  County.    C.    S.   01iver> 
W.  Odell.       . 

Limerick  City.  Charles  Vereker. 

Lh  bur  fie.    Earl  of  Yarmouth. 

Londouderry  Coimty.      Lord    G. 
Beresford,  hon.  C.  T.  Stewart. 

Lojidonderry  City.     Sir  G.  Fitz- 
gerald Hill, 

Longford  County.  Hon.  T.  Newf 
comen,  sir  T.  Fcatherstone. 

Louth  County.  Right  hon.  J.  Fos- 
ter, W.  G.  Fortescue. 

Mallow.   Denham  Jephson. 

Mayo  County.   IJon.  H.  A.  Dil- 
Jon,  hon.  D.  Browne. 

Meatk  County.     Sir  M.    Somer- 
viile,  T.  Bligh. 

Monaghan  County.     R.  Dawson, 
C.  P.  Leslie. 

Newry.  Right  hon.  Isaac  Corry. 

Portarlington.    Henry  Parnell. 
\    Queens  County.     Hon.   W.   W. 
Pole,  Sir  E.  Coote. 

Roscommon    County.      Hon.    E. 
Xing,  Arthur  French.  . 

Ross  (New) .  Charles  Tottenham, 
l^nior. 

Sligo  County.     Charles  O'Hara, 
J.  E.Cowpcr. 

Sligo  Town.  Owen  Wynne. 

Tipperary  County.    I/jrd  F.  Ma- 
tthew, John  Bag  well. 

Tralee.    Right  iion.  Geo.    Caur 

ning. 

Ti/rme  County.    James   Stewart, 
right  hon.  J.  Sunvart. 

'  JVaterfvrd  County.      Right    hon. 
J.  Beresford,  Edward  Lee.        •■ 


IFaterford  City.  Wm.  Congrevc 
Aleock 

ircstmenth  County.  G.  H.  Roch* 
fort,  W.  Smith. 

IFtjford'  County.  Lord  Loftus, 
Abel  Rain. 

Wiwfjrd  Tuirn     R.N.  Furness. 

JVicklow  County.  W.  H.  Home, 
Geo.  F(msonby. 

Youghall.    John  Keane. 


Extract  from  the  Trial  of  the  Mu^ 
tineers  on  Imord  the  Bantry  Bay 
SfUOfhron,  ly  a  Navcd  Court  Mar- 
tial, held  on  loard  the  Giadiator 
in  Portsmouth  Harbour,  on  JVed" 
nesday  January  i5th  1802.  (See 
Chronicle.) 

Vice-admiral  Mitchell,  Presidents 

The  prisoners  were  fourteen  ia 
number,  viz.  Mayfield,  Ward,  Ches- 
terman,  Fitzgerald,  Rowlapd,  Jones, 
Cross,  Cook,  White,  Collins,  Lock- 
yer,  Comayne,  Hilliard,  and  Daley., 

The  eharges  against  them  were, 
first,  making,  or  endeavouring  to 
make,  mutinous  assemblies :  second, 
uttering  seditious  expiessions  j  and 
for  concealing  traiterous  and  sediti- 
ous words  spoken,  and  tending  to 
the  hindrance  of  his  majesty's  ser- 
vice, and  not  revealing  the  same  ta 
tlieir  commanding  officer ;  third, 
being  present  at  sucJi  meeting  and 
sedition,  and  not  using  their  utiuost 
endeavours  to  suppress  the  same» 
between  the  1st  and  11th  day  <£ 
December  180L 

The  principal  evidence  for  tlje 
prosecution  was  James  Richardson^ 
a  seaman,  who  gave  the  following 
account  of  tl)e  mutiny  :  "  I  "went 
down  to  the  lower  deck  for  a  sheet 
(jif  writing  paper.    Ou  the  starboard 


554       ANNUAL   REGISTER,  iWte. 


Side  I  found  Edward  Tnvlor,  and 
asked  liun  to  write   a  l(^tter.     He 
sSid,  joii  hrid  iK'ttcrwait  till  this  bu- 
siruss  is  scttU-d.     1  then  asked  him 
vhat  it  WAS }    sayinsr  at  the  same 
timf ,  that  I  supposed  it  was  nothing 
conccrnini^  u«i.     Hr  ."iTiSwinx-d,  y^s, 
itwa^  concL-niing  the  v.hole  of  the 
ship's  rnnipany.     He  then  told  me 
the  bhij)  was  ijoin^;  to  the  West  In- 
dict, and  that  ail  h?nds  wert;  gone 
on  ihr"  quarter-d(  rk  to  tell  the  ad- 
miral  t]:oy  wonki  not  p^o.     I  then 
looked  round  and  saw  James  Ches- 
terman'and  John  Snowden  discours- 
jn<;  V^'rether,   Jind  a  number  listen- 
ing  to  tlum.    I  heard  Chesterman 
ask  Snowdwi  if  he  was  agreeable  to 
go  t(;  viie  admiral  and  speak  to  him. 
Snowden  said  he  had  no  objection, 
if  he  got  another  or  two  to  speak 
v.ith  him.     That  was  agreed  to,  and 
Cliesterman  said,  all  we  have  to  do 
is  to  let  tlifi  people  on  the  middle- 
deck   know   it.     Taylor  answered, 
here'  is  one  who  belongs  to  the  mid- 
dle-deck 5  he  will  do.     Chesterman 
then    touched   me    on    the  shoul- 
dtT,  and,  telling  lue  all  I  have  be- 
fore mr'Utioned,  asked  me  if  I  would 
go  and  let  the  people  on  the  middle- 
deck  know  of  it.    I  then  went  up 
and  tCild  my  messmates,  John  Cle- 
ments and  Joseph  Wynne :  but  thej 
be«j:an  to  lau.:h  at  me,  and  said  there 
was  noiMxly  tluTC  wanted  to  hear  of 
it.     Johnson,    who  was  reading  a 
Jx^ok,  asked  what  it  was  I  said  ?   I 
♦old  him  tlie  particulars  I  heard  be- 
low, and  asked  him  if  he  chose  to 
let  the  people  know' on  tlie  middle- 
deck  ?  but  lie  made  no  answer.    As 
I  found  there  was  nothing  to  be 
iit)ivi,  and  I  found  it  raining,!  went 
down  again,  and  my  messmates  told 
me  it  was  all  true.    I  "asked  who 
told  tiicm  ?  One  of  them  pointed  to 


James  Chestesman,  who  vrii  gdirij[ 
round  the  deck.  Some  time  affaSt- 
ward  I  went  into  the  poop'  i&d 
swabbed  it,  and  coming  down  agdtf, 
saw  a  number  collected  on  flic  rotc^ 
castle,  and  calling  otiiers  out  df  tU 
waist.  I  wen t  on  tlic  forecastle ■  dnd 
heard  Chesterman  and  'Sno%\^deq 
talking  together,  saying  they  wished 
th(7  could  get  tiic  other  man  to  00 
along  with  tliem.  I  asked  whtf  Kb 
wan  r  They  reiiiscd  to  tel!  mt,  but 
said  he  was  on  the  poop.  ^  Igciiui 
it  was  Barney^  Youn^:  jf  tola  tljcq 
they  need  not  wait  for  hixti«  ii  it 
was  his  watch  upon  deck,  and  he 
could  not  come  down.  Tfje  peb^ 
pie  began  sliouting  one  aisiaffi^aft 
on  the  gangway  tnl  thct  wcrti  iUSo/^ 
pcd  by  die  officers  on  me  wattU'  st 
the  quarter-deck.  The  aiptaiti  pdkM 
out  and  asked  what  they  ^^raitted 
there?  Some  of  them  answered, 
they  wanted  to  know  where  the  sttij^ 
was  going  ta.  The  adn^iral  came 
out  and  asked  what  was  the  matter  f 
The  captain  told  hkn,  the  sBM 
company  wanted  to  know  vrbent  Si' 
ship  was  going  to.  TheathiimAan> 
swered,  "  to  hell,  if  she  is  orddM, 
and  we  mwst  go  with  her."  fim 
on  the  gang^vay :  there  wai  amr 
conversation^  but  I  could  ik#  hajf 
it.  llic  admiral  desired  A6at'kfg> 
down  and  make  thfnasdve?  qifi^- 
which  was  done.  1  then  went  tijnr 
the  poop  and  staid  till  mf  vittpll 
was  out.  When  I  went  te  dkshet, 
my  messmates  told  me  the  -ykxA 
had  been  ]!>assed,  thsit  wheil  lUo^ 
should  be  turned  up  to  beti4 ^^Hi^ 
they  were  to  go  down  to  tte  Icmjcr 
deck.  In  the  evening  James  CUt^ 
terman  desired  me  to  see  that  cvciy 
}>erson  and  messmate  in  the  middle^. 
deck  drank  their  grog^  and  that  aivr 
iQsJfv/ho  was  drank  Would  bef  MuA 


■  y 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


555 


I  m  the  lower-deck  and  cobbed. 
unday  morning  the  word  was 
d.  This  was  the  Otli  of  De- 
er. As  before,  when  hands 
;d  up  to  bend  sails,  they  were 
down  to  the  lower-deck.  About 
n  o'clock  tlie  hands  w/sre  turned 
bend  sails  as  usual.  After  sails 
bent,  I  went  down  to  dinnf:r. 
Dg  dined,  I  went  to  lower-deck, 
e  I  saw  Chestrrman  in  his  own 
,  and  I  asked  htm  what  tlicy 
going  to  do,  if  to  unmoor  tlie 
3r  not  ?  he  answered,  he,  did 
know.  Durins:  tlie  time  wc 
discoursing,  Edward  Taylor 
down  and  asked  what  we 
to  do  ?  Che.«>tf  rman  iigain  ^n- 
;d  he  did  not  know,  but  that 
nust  soon  know  there  was  n® 
to  be  lost,  as  the  hands  would 
med  up  to  unmoor,  as  soon  as 
lad  got.  our  dinners.  I  I  hen 
to  the  middle-deck  to  my  birth, 
e  I  staid  till  mv  j^rrosc  was  served 
As  soon  as  I  got  my  grog,  a 
came  and  passed  the  word  for 
go  down  below,  but  who  it  was 
not  recollect.  After  this  I  went 
I  to  the  lower-deck,  and  stood 
side  James  Ward,  and  asked 
he  was  going  to  do  ?  he  an- 
3d,  he  did  not  know  yet,  but 
iieved  he  was  going  to  lower 
5orts  down.  The  words  were 
y  spoken  whem  William  Hilli- 
vas  putting  his  hand  to  his 
h  in  liie  manger,  and  singing 
1  a  loud  voice,  *'  What  do  you 
ids,  one  and  all,  fore  and  aft, 
•  away  ports  ?"  I-Ie  had  no  2U- 
the  first  time  j  he  soon  repeat- 
e  same  words  again,  and  the 
were  lowi^red  accordingly,  and 
eople  all  began  cheering,  and 
g  where  the  sliip  was  going. 
;  of  the  ladders  were  unshi^ipedk 
he  otficcrs  got  down  below^ 


and  sent  all  the  people  on  the  quaf- 
ter-deck.  Wlien  there,  the  admiral 
asked  them  what  all  that  noise  W9» 
about  below  ?  A  great  deal  passed; . 
but  I  could  hot  hear  it,  and  I  went 
away.  After  that,  Edward  Taylor 
first  told  me  to  go  down  to  the 
lower-deck.  I  was  going  to  the  head 
when  J  saw  John  Collins,  tlie  pri- 
soner, smoldng  a  pipe  on  the  fore-r 
castle  'y  I  asked  him  what  the  peo*  . 
pie  were  talking  of  below  }  He  an- 
swered, 1  might  as  well  come  down, 
then  I  sliould  know*  Just  as  wd? 
had  ended,  John  Cumings*  the  pri*  . 
soner,Game  up  and  said,  Tltcre's  Fra* 
ney  in  the  fore-gratings  as  drunk 'a4 
heil,  and  quarrelling  with  every,  per- 
son he  meets..  With  thait  Collins 
knocked  the  fire  out  ©f  his  pipe. and 
went  below  with  John  Cu mi ngs.  I 
followed  tliem,  but  when  we  cam* 
there,  Franey  was  gone^  John  Coir 
lins  went  up  again,  and  I  went  tft 
tlie  lower-deck,  and  saw  Franey  in 
his  own  birdi.  I  went  up  again  un- 
der ihc  forecastle,  and  Collins  asked 
4ue  ifl  had  seen  any  thing  of  Fra- 
ney since  ?  I  told  him  yes,  he  was 
in  his  own  birth.  He  asked  me  if  I 
thought  he  was  drunk  ?  I  told  him 
I  thouglrt  he  was.  I  had  seen  him 
in  the  foi'cgratings  as  J  came  up  the 
first  time.  1  then  Went  to  my  own 
birth,  and  staid  till  six  o'clock ;  then 
I  went  to  the  lotrper  deck  on  the  lar- 
board side.  'Jliere  I  naw  Edward 
Taylor,  John  Collins,  John  Cliesler-s 
man,  John  Fitzgerald,  James  Ward^ 
and  James  Lockyer.  The  two  lat*  . 
tcr  were  in  their  o%vn  births.  They 
wert'  all  speaking  about  carrying  the 
hammocks  up  in  the  morning,  and  £| 
number  of  people  were  listenmg  tOt 
them.  The  people  who  slept  aft 
were  to  come  forward.  I  heard  Col  - 
lins  say  he  bad  passed  tlie  word  affe, 
apd  the  people  had  all  agreed  to  it^ 


5.56        ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1802. 

After  the  discourse  was  concluded  He  Sc'tid  I  had  better  wait  another 
about  the  hammocks,  Edward  Tay-  day  or  two.  He  told  me  when  the 
lor  obsened  to  the  company,  that  hand's  were  turned  up  to  unmoor> 
they  must  beware  of  Mr.  Staunton,  to  repair  to  the  lower-deck  again* 
il\Q  master's  mate.  John  Collins  After  dinner,  as  I  was  carrying  my 
miule  answer,  saying,  '^  Damn  him,  dirty  water  to  the  head,  I  saw  a 
he  will  be  no  trouble  at  all  5  we  can  parcel  of  people  sfcrndingat  the  fore- 
smother  him  in  his  bed."  I  said,  most  gun  of  the  main  deck  5  Francy 
**  Collins,  I  hope  you  will  do  no  over  the  hawser  of  the  gun,  and 
such  ihinc;  ;"  he  answered,  *'  Damn  James  Che^terman  with  a  pair  of 
*ny  bUx)d,  what's  one  man's  life  pea-squcczersin  his  handio  cob  him 
to  a  thousand."  I  said,  '^  Jack,  I  with.  Before  lie  began,  he  pulled 
hope  there  are  none  going  to  lose  off  his  hat,  and  said  he  was  going  to 
their  lives."  Taylor  obsened,  he  cob  him  for  breaking  die  rules  and 
hoped  we  could  do  without  it,  hut  laws  of  the  sliip's  company.  Then 
<hore  wus  one  man  more  w6  must  he  gave  him  a  dozen.  At  five. 
take  oil'.  John  iibke,  the  boat-  o'clock  in  the  evening  of  Monday,  I 
s^nin's  mate,  one  among  tlie  crowd,  was  going  over  tlie  shipboard  side  of 
said,  *'  D — n  him,  we  can  hustle  the  lower-deck,  when  I  met  Cook> 
him  amop^•  ourselves."  I  went  tlie  prisoner,  who  asked  me  where  I 
away  j  a  little  while  after  I  met  Tay-  was  going  :  1  told  him  no  where  in 
lor  on  the  lower-deck,  and  asked  particular  j  he  said,  you  may  as 
him  if  Ikj  was  going  foi'ward  again,  well  lock  out  here.  I  asked  what* 
to  make  f^uch  a  noise  as  in  the  after-  for  ?  He  answered,  they  were  go- 
noon  ?  He  said  he  did  not  know.  I  ing  to  do  some  business.  I  told 
told  him  I  thought  it  would  be  bet-  him  I  was  going  to  look  out  on  the 
ter  to  get  three  men  to  speak  to  the  other  side.  I  went  back  and  crassed 
admiral  when  he  came  to  the  hatch-  over  the  foregratings,  and  went  unto 
way,  for  that  when  we  Mere  togc-  Chesterman.  Fitzgerald  and  Chcs- 
ther,  making  such  a  noise,  no  man  terman  were  talking  about  it.  Ches- 
cf)uld  hciiY  the  admiral,  nor  the  ad-  terman  called  William  Lockwood, 
miral  h(\ir  us.  He  said,  he  thought  and  asked  him  if  he  would  l(X)k  out  ? 
that  w  ould  be  the  best  way,  if  we  They  went  out  of  tlie  birth,  and 
c<iuld  get  any  body  to  speak  to  the  were  taking  a  man  out  of  eveiy 
admiral.  1  told  him  I  dared  say  birth,  all  the  way  aft  to  the  main 
there  were  plenty  in  the  ship  who  hatchway.  As  Chesterman  came 
would  do  it.  He  then  mentioned  back,  he  gave  the  watch-wovd.  If 
John  Collins  aud  Joseph  Rowland,  any  officer  came  forward,  the  watch- 
Be  twcen  six  and  seven,  I  met  Row-  word  was  given  in  a  chew  of  to- 
land.on  tlie  middle-deck,  and  began  bacco.  llien  he  went  into  the  mid- 
telling  liim  what  Taylor  and  I  had  shipman's  birth  under  the  bowsprit 
hevn  talking  about.  He  said,  he  was  along  with  Edward  Taylor,  who  be- 
agreeable  to  speak,  as  he  thought  it  gan  to  write  a  letter.  There  was  n«  ■ 
better  for  two  or  three  to  speak  to  other  man  in  the  birth,  or  near,  ex- 
the  admiral  tlKin  so  many.  On  cept  the  people  looking  out.  An 
Monday,  the  /th,  in  the  morning,  officer  came  forward ;  they  sung 
I  met  Taylor  in  the  middle-deck,  out,  who  will  give  me  a  chew  of  to- 
and  asked  him  ;;^in  about  my  letter,  bacco  ?    The  candle  was  put  out  t\]X 

the 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE.  557 

the  officer  was  gone,  when  the^^be-    that?  I  snid.  I  would  overhaul  aud 
gan  again.     The  watch- word   was,    see,  to  co:u  nice  liim,  but  I  was  sure 
"  Knock  that  rat  down."     An  of-    1  Had  not.    He  told  me,  if  the  hands 
ficer  came  down  agatn,  and  tlic  light    were  turned  up  to  unmoor,  to  repair 
was  again  put  out.     Ab  soon  as  he    to  the  lower-deck,  as  before.    1  told 
was  gone,  the  wat(ii-word  was,  "  I    him,   very  well.     In  the  afternoon, 
want  to  water."  Anotheroliircr  came    1  wa^  gn  the  lower  deck,  in  James 
down  5   tlie  light  was  put  out  :^.L^aiii.     Chcstcrman's    birth.      Chesterman 
EdwardTavlor  and Chdstennan  went    asked  me  if  1  knew  Hazard,  and  if 
into  Rowland's  birth,  where  the  let-    I  knew  any  thing  of  his  cair}ing 
ter  was  finished.     After   the  letter    messages  to  tlieothcers?  [  told  him, 
was    dire<:ted,    Taylor   asked  who    I  never  saw  him  do  it,  and  I  had 
had  got  a  seal  ?   Daley  said,   do  not    never  spoke  to  him.     Chesterman 
do  that,  you  should  not  seal  it.     He    and  Fitzgerald  fell  into  discourse  a- 
then    got  the   key  of  a  chest  and    bout  the  waiter,  respecting  the  nc- 
prcsscd  it  on  the  wafer.   Then  Ches-    cessity  of  putting  an  end  to  him  by 
terman  and  Taylor  went  to  tlie  mid-    some  means  or  other.      Fitzgerald 
•hip  birth  witli  die  letter,  and  I  fol-    said,  if  he  was  put  into  a  bread  bag, 
lowed  to  see  where  they  were  going,    they  might  heave  him  overboard. 
Some  conversation  passed  between    Chesterman  seemed  pleased  at  the 
Taylor  and  Chesterman,  resj>ecting    idea.    Some  more  conversation  pass- 
the  way  it  was  to  be  conveyed  to  the    ed,  which  I  did  not  hear.     1  hey 
•dmiral.      Somebody  was  to  walk    agreed,  at  last,  to  let  him  remain  till 
round  the  cabin  door  and  drop  it.    the  business  was  all  settled.    Taylor 
Chesterman  thought  it  would  be  bet-    being  present  at  that  time,  said,  we 
ter  to  give  it  to  a  quarter- master  to    must  take  care  what  we  s^id  before 
put  it  in  the  binnacle.    Fitzgerald    him.     I  went  away,  and  walked  the 
came  up,   and  asked  Taylor  if  the    gangway  with  Taylor.    1  said,  Ned, 
letter  was  gone  ?  Taylor  answered,     I  think  it  is  a  foolish  thing  coming 
no.     He  said,   if  you  give  it  to  me,    down  in  tlie  lower-deck,  when  tlie 
I  will  give  it  to  James  Shaw,  the    hands  are  turned   up  to  unmoor, 
marine,  who  will  leave  the  middle    He  asked  me,  why,  what  place  could 
watch  to  night,  and  he  will  put  it    I  find  better  ?  I  said,  we  should  show 
in    tlic    admiral's   steward's   birth,    ourselves  more  like  men  to  go  on  . 
Taylpr  said,  we  want  tlie  admiral  to    the  qttarter-deck,  and  tell  the  ad- 
get  it  to  night.     I'hey  could  con-    miral  our  reasons,  so  that  every  man 
trive  no  way  to  get  it  to  the  admiral    might  answer  for  himself^  if  s}x:>ket{>; 
that  night,   and  Taylor  gave  it  to    that  if  we  went  to  the  lower-deck,  it 
Fitzgerald.    I  heard  no  more  of  the    would  only  give  the  otiicers  trouble 
letter,   till   1   heard   it  read  on  the    to  come  down  and  drive  us  up  as  be- 
^  quarter-deck.     I  am  sensible  tliere    forcj    and  he  might  be  sure  they 
ivas   no  man  but  Chesterman  a:,id    would  come  down  when  the  h:mds 
Taylor  knew  the  contents  of  the  let-    were  turned  up,  and  very  likely  be- 
ter,  except  it  was  broken  open  after-    fore  we  could  get  out  of  the  middle- 
wards,  and  read  on  Tuesday  morn-     deck.     He  said,  very  well,   I  shall 
ing.     Kdward  Taylor  e:Mne  to  me    consider,  and  sec  alxiut  it.     Soon 
on  the  main  deck,  and  asked  me  if    after,  he  told  me,  that  what  I  had 
I  had  any  of  his  wi  ithig  ?  I  told  him,     proposed  was  to  be  the  way ;  and  the 
no.     He  aikcd  me  if  I  was  sure  of   word  was  ptocd,;  by  ^A'hain  I  can- 
•    '  ^  not 


.558 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


saw  him  in  tlie  giillery,  and 'added, 
that  AVard  thc/aght  it  might  give 
him  a  caution  not  to  drink  so  much 
again.  That  be  d~n*d,  said  he, 
because  he  is  a  bit  of  an  officer  he 
is  to  be  favoured.  I  was  told  after- 
wards he  was  cobbed,  but  I  did  not 
soe  it :  he  had  a  dozen  and  an  half. 
'J  lie  word  was  passed  by  the  prisoners 
to  repair  to  the  forecastle  and  fore- 
rigg'iig.  When  the  admiral  came  on 
board, he  produced  tlielettcr^and  ask- 
ed if  ii  was  known  by  the  ship's  com- 
pany that  such  a  tiling  was  done?  Ali 
hands  answered,  yes.  The  admiral 
read  it,  and  asked  a  second  time,"  if 
they  all  knew  it.  They  answered, 
yes.  He  asked  the  marines  if  they 
knew  it  ?  They  made  no  answer." 
He  a»ked  tlie  ship's  company  if  he 
should  read  it  over  again  ?  I'hey  an- 
swered, no.  All  I  heard  further 
from  the  admiral  was,  that  when 
tlie  hands  were  turned  up  to  unmoor 
tJie  ship,  he  expected  it  would  ba 
done  accordingly.  A  great  deal  of 
conversation  passed,  which  I  did  not 
hear.  He  satisfied  the  ship's  com- 
pany very  much;  they  seemed  all 
well  pleased  at  A\hat  the  admiral 
said,  but  were  still  determined  not 
to  unmoor  the  ship  to  go  to  the  West 
Indies.  About  a  quarter  after 
twelve,  I  saw  ^''^ackawny,  on  the 
qiiaiter-deck,  talking  to  one  of  his 
own  officers.  After  the  hammocks 
same  word  was  passed  again.     Our    were  pi^xid  down  1  went  to  his  birth 


jiot  (ell,  tliat  when  the  hands  were 
turned  u|>  to  unmoor,  we  were  to  go 
on  the  (jriiTt-T-dcck.  Oa  Wedn-vs- 
<.lay  nioiniii^  the  word  wa*'  passed 
again,  (mc i.i'  Wnick's  messmates, 
<lhe  surgeoii's  stnTant,abluek  man,) 
<:ame  to  our  birtli  and  -asked  If  his 
nirssmate  wa>  there?  I  told  him  lie 
Vas  not.  Then,  said  h(^,  he  is 
someuhere  about  the  ship,  and  I 
helieve  he  is  groggy.  I  went  to  the 
lf;wer-di  ek,  where  I  was  asked  by 
one  of  the  prisoners  if  I  had  seen 
any  thing  of  Verriek  ?  I  told  him,  I 
liad  nor.  He  said,  he  was  some- 
where about  the  shij)  drunk,  and 
^nust  be  found.  Soon  after  I  was 
walking  tlie  midille-deck,  where  I 
saw  \'t:ri'iek  walkin:::  the  starboard 
side  of  the  gangway.  I  went  down 
on  the  lower-deck,  and  called  Ches- 
terman  and  Collins;  I  told  them,  I 
tJiought  he  was  not  drunk.  Collins 
said,  he  was  not  drunk  just  now,  for 
he  saw  him  in  the  admiral's  stew- 
ard's birth,  and  he  diU'ed  to  say  he 
had  been  asleep,  and  that  might 
make  him  a  little  tresh  again.  There 
was  nothing  said  to  him  that  night. 
The  word  was  passi-d,  when  all 
hands  turned  up  to  unmoor,  to  go 
to  the  ft)r(ieasile  and  fore-rigging, 
"i  ay  lor  g:n'e  it  iwc.  Chesterman, 
Taylor,  Ward,  Cook,  and  Fitzgerald, 
were  the  only  persons  1  ever  saw 
word.     On  Tiiursday   the 


give  th 


a/ilmi.al  wcntaboai'd  the  commander 
in  ehiv:f.  1  went  down,  and  asked 
whctlier  they  were  going  to  cob 
\'erriek  ?  He  asked  me,  if  I  saw  him 
Ij-iL  ni^^ht ;  1  told  him  yes,  and  did 
not  think  he  was  drunk,  i  went 
away  from  him,  and  proceeded  to 
Janus  Chesterm:in,  and  asked  him 
what  they  were  going  to  dj  witli 
Verrlck?  Do  witli  him,  rep:i<\l  he, 
cob  him  to  be  sure.  I  told  liin?,  I 
#.  ought  he  wa^  not  druuk  when  L 


and  called  to  him.  He  followed  me 
as  well  as  he  could  under  the  ham- 
mocks, till  he  got  to  the  hawse  of 
the  middle  gim.  I  asked  hiin  what 
he  was  doing  on  the  quarter-deck. 
He  made  no  oUier  answer  than 
that  he  did  not  know;  only  lie 
said  his  officer  told  him  he  was 
a  (kimncd  rascal.  I  then  told  him 
he  was  dnmk.  He  said  he  was 
net ;  he  had  not  drank  a  drop  thai 
evening.     Some  little  tjjtjie  after,  I 


APPENnil  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


561 


irent  dawn  below  to  unlace  my  ham- 
mock. When  I  got  to  the  foot  of 
tfae  fore  ladder  I  heard  tlie  irons 
shoving  up..  1  went  over  the  lar- 
board iiide  of  the  deck  to  Fitzgerald's 
iHrth^  and  told  him  Mackaway  was 
dnmk,  and  tha:  somebody  was  go- 
ing in  irons,  but  i  did  not  know  who 
it  wa*.  He  desired  me  to  go  and 
tee.  I  went  up  the  main  laJder, 
and  saw  it  was  a  marine  j  I  came 
down  tlie  main  ladder  agaiii^  and 
CCHuing  aft  on  the  deck,  I  saw  a 
soarinc  1  knew.  I  asked  him  what 
hJs  messmate  was  put  in  irons  for  ? 
He  answered,  he  had  no 'messmate 
is  irons.  I  said  there  was  a  marine 
in  ircais.  He  replied^  yes.  I  asked 
Lira  what  it  was  for  ?  He  said  he  did 
BQt  -know. .  I  said,  he  must  have 
done  something  amiss,  or  he  would 
|iot  be  confined.  He  said,  he  had 
ibused  his  corporal.  I  said,  if  he  had 
jpt  drunk  and  abuaed  his  officers, 
tndgotin  irons,  he  must  work  him- 
idf  out  as  well  as  he  could.  I  left 
him,  and  went  down  the  fore  lad- 
der into  the  lower-deck,  into  John 
Fitzgerald's  birth.  I  asked  Skelley 
where  J.  Fitzgerald  was  ?  He  ghew- 
•d  him  on  tlie  gangway.  I  went 
and  spoke  to  him:  he  told  me  £ 
ihould  stop,  as  he  was  busy.  I  thea 
went  to  his  birdi,  alongside  Skelley, 
and  I  saw  Taylor  come  down  and 
call  him  away.  I  was  sitting  in  tlie 
aft  part  of  the  birth.  I  looked  round, 
lund  saw  them  nui  as  far  aft  as  the 

S-rooni.  I  then  went  forward  to 
n  Maitlaud's  birth,  and  said, 
Jtack,  there  is  a  marine  in  irons.  He 
ftiked  me  wlio  ?  I  told  him  Mack- 
away. He  said;  we  must  have  him 
out.  I  asked  him  what  he  must 
have  been  about  ?  He  said  there 
.were,  no  prisoners  allowed.  I  ob- 
jerved,  he  was  as  drunk  as  hell,  and 
be  had  better  let  liim  bide.  I  had 
^mrcc  ft'did  tli'iSf  ^^'h(^u  I  savi'  a  parcel 


of  people  go  up  the  fore  ladder.  I 
heard  Edward  Taylor  say,  "  Bear  ol. 
hand  uj)  from  belpw,  every  man  fore 
and  aft,"  All  die  people  in  Malt- 
land's  birth  were  myself.  Ward, 
and  Lockyer.  I  dicn  went  away  to 
the  fore  ladder,  expecting  they  were 
going  to  release  die  prisoner.  1 
could  uot  get  up  time  enough.  There 
was  nobody  tlicrc.  1  went  past  my 
own  birtli,  and  sat  down  before  the- 
foremost  gun  till  I  thought  it  m\i3 
all  over.  1  then  went  round  under 
die  bowsprit,  and  came  back  again 
between  the  foremast  and  die  copper. 
I  had  net  been  there  live  minutes 
before  John  Daley  came  in  and  asked 
for  a  hat  to  go  upon  deck.  No  one 
made  him  any  answer.  I  cannot; 
say  whether  he  was  gone  when  Mr. 
Glover  came  and  called  to  me  to  gu 
upon  deck.  I  told  him  I  would 
come  directly.  I  went  to  the  fore 
kidder,  nut  knowing  the  gratings 
were  on.  I  could  nut  get  up  diere. 
J  went  to  the  main  ladder,  when 
Glover  came  to  me,  and  told  me  I 
must  go  u p  the  af t^u  la dder .  I  wen  t 
up  die  after  ladder  over  to  die  lar- 
boaid  side  of  the  main  deck.  Charl- 
ter  was  walking  along-side,  and 
Shenton  before.  As  I  went  on 
deck  on  the  starboard  side,,  bv  order 
pf  the  officer,  die  admiral  cam« 
round,  and  putting  the  lantern  to 
pay  face,  said,  he  thought  he  heard 
my  vpice  on  the  forecastle.  I  an- 
swered him,  no,  sir ;  I  was  not  there. 
He  said  he  believed  I  was,  till  1  told 
him  Glover  sent  me  up  from  below. 
He  then  passed  mc,  and  said  no 
more.  The  next  morning  (Friday) 
the  boatswain's  mate  told  me  to  go 
aft.  As  I  was  going,  Mr.  Brown 
seized  me  by  the  collar,  and  sent  mc 
under  the  poop  awning  as  a  prisoner, 
till  die  admiral  and  captain  came  up. 
I  was  ordered  to  the  quarter-deck. 
The  admu'sd  said,  this  is  the  man  £ 

spokft 


AL    REGISTER,  1802. 

T  n 1 1  "5 wrrrd ,  Goree)  wn«  cli arged  with  t he  w ilf id- . 

it  wns  a  mistake,  murder  of  Ben  jam  in.  Armstrong,   a" 

.o  hold  my  tons^ie,  s(T;:ji'ant  in  tlie  African  coqis,  byor- 

l  he.ird  the  admiral  dcrir.if   him  to  receive  COO  lashes, 

ask  .vas  ndt  tiit.'  man  who  M'hirh    were    intlictecl    by    several 

ipt)kf  I*.      .'  mar::i!'  la-t  nii^ht.    The  bl.ick  slaves  with  svich  cnielry  a.s  to 

ciipiaiw  ans\vi:r*d,  yes      Then,   said  occasion  hU  dtath.     The  lirst  wit- 

thi'  aiimind,    !jc   is  the    I'v.n   who  ness  w:i?i  llvan  l.tnvis,  who  statcd> 

tm^ncd  tlic  hauvls  up,     1   aT,--.viTcd,  that  in  Jul/  17d'i.  he  was  servinsr  at 

no,  sir,  it  was  no:.     \lc  iv^Ain  de-  Goivr,  wi.crc  the  orisoner  was  then 

sirt:d  mo  mt  tosjH'.ik  an.ahv'r  word.  i*i)Vc;nor,  bin  which  siuiatiou,  it  was 

1  \\cm  and  vt-niained  tiU  three  in  \indt  r>tood»  he  w;i.'>  to  (iiiit  on  the 

(he  aricnuwin.     1  was  then  sent  on  IJthoi   that  month.     On  the  10th-,     I 

bi»aul  the  Windsor  Casik*  as  a  pri-  lie,    the  witness,   \vas  orderly  scr- 

5(nv  r.  gt'iiJt,    and    as  hvAi  attended  ii^x)!!    - 

The  othi  r  e\idencrs  r<">rrcboralii{;  the  ^oveiu^r.    PiOtDrc  eleven  o'clock     ' 

the  Aunc  si.iiement,  eiilicr  in   ilie  in    the  morning,   he   ob.-:crvcd   be- 

wln)le  or    in    part,    the.    prisoners  tween  iwtnty    and  thirty    ot'    the 

iriakini;a  very  leebh.'  and  ineircctual  African  corps  colle^teil  tOL^th'T, but    \ 

delenee,they  wer\af»cra  ni(i.st  cjlni  could  not    nndcrrake   to  say   whe- 

i\ud    niiprejudiced   in\e>tii:.iuon    of  iher  the  deceasoil  w;{s  among  them,     . 

live   days,    on    the  sixth  all   f^und  and  he  understood  they  were  apply-^     \ 

ii^iiiliy  (with  theexcejAion  of  Wliite,  ing  to  cnsii-n  Deerhiun,   who   wa* 

who  was  ae(|uitteil  of  that  pari  i)f  the  commissar}',  for  a  .settlement  for    ! 

the  ehanj:e  which  atfected  his  lite),  short  idlowantv..     About  twelve  ho 

mid  were  adjudged  to  suil'-r  death,  saw  tin  m  again  coming  towards  the 

A  p.i'ticul.n-  a(rt)ant  of  their  <xecn-  government-house,  of  which  he  in- 

tion,   iVe.  wi*  have  detailed  in  am)-  formed  the  govemor,  who  went  out 

tluT  part  (>f  this  work.  and  met  them  at  s(mie  little  distance    i 

Tiie  cool  and  resolute  conduct  of  fi"o»n  the  mil  ing  before  the  court-    ] 

aiiiniral  Campbell  and  captain  Kyle*,  yiird  ;    Armstrong  was  lirst,  and  the    J 

tJvou»^hout.  i!ie  wholo  of  this  trans-  rest  following  in   a  line.    The  go-    9 

aeruMi,    c::7ui()t   be  sutHcienily   ad-  vemor  called  out  to  Armstrong,  and 

mired;   and  the  marines  (on  v\hom  bid  l.im  uo  back  to  the  barracks,  or 

his  majesty  has  since  bestowed  thti  they  shouhl   be  piuiishal.     This  or-   .; 

appellation  of  *'Royar'),on  this,  as  on  der  they   immediately  obeyed  with' 

evry  oiiier  trying  occasion,  evinced  out  making  any  noi.se  j  on  this  sc*   ; 

ih'jlr  l(;yalry  and  steadiness.  cond  time  tiny  were  not  in    their 

unitorms,   had    no  arms  with  them, 

'  nor  did  the  witness  hear  tiieni  make 

lYirdf.rOovi'nwrlVall^hf  a  Sitrnnl  ^^^^^  <'^'   any  disrespectful  language. 

C-rnmisshvi,dh'ccti-d  to  l/iv  Chitf  -^*    ^^J^-  governor's  dinner  hour  tlie 

B:i.':m  MucJnfu//J,   Jiuhrt.^   Jinnk  t>til  lang,  and  M^eral  of  the  olHccm 

tr/n   Lniirrnci\    aJid  t/i/j tannin;  ^«»»^^'.  i"»<^l   1'^''   observed  they  went     i 

at  the  Old  Bailtij,  Jan.  20,  IvS(X).  ''»^^'«>y  sooner  than  usual.     Soon  after 

the  governor  cam(^  out  and  pas.sed 

The  prisoner  (.loseph  Wall,  esq.  tlie  main-gnard,  who  saluted  hiin>' 

some  t^uic    lieutenant- governor  of  and  weui  up  to  the  banaiks.  the 

wiUiesf 


jyPPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


561 


witness  attending  him  at  some  dis- 
tance as  it  was  his  duty  5  from  the 
barracks   the  governor  ran  hastily 
down  and  began  beating  one  of  tlie 
meii^  who  appeared  to  be  in  hquor, 
and  taking  the  bayonet  from   the 
sentry,  beat  him  with  that  also,  and 
then  had  them  boUi  confined.     At 
an  earlier  hour  than  was  usual  for 
them  to  attend  the  parade,   the  go- 
vernor gave  him  directions  to  have 
the  long  roll  beat,  and  to  order  the 
men  to  attend  widiout  arms :  this 
order  they  obeyed,  and  were  then 
commanded  to  form  into  a  circle,  in 
the  centre  of  which  were  the  gover- 
nor, captain  Lacey,  lieutenant  Paul, 
(ensign  O'Shallaghan,   and  another 
officer.     There  were  in  all  about 
300  men;    tliey  formed  two  deep, 
the  witness  being  outside  the  circle, 
.  but  yet  so  situated  as  to  plainly  sec 
nil,  and  hear  much  of  what  passed. 
In  a  short  time  die  carriage  of  a  six- 
.pounder  was  brought  into  die  circle, 
and   tlien  he  heard  the  governor  call 
Benjamin  Armstrong    out    of  tlie 
ranks ;    Armstrong   obeyed,    when 
lie  was  direcdy  ordered  to  strip,  tied 
to  the  gun-carriage,  and  dogged  by 
five  or  six  blacks,  with  a  kind  of 
rope  3  he  never  saw  a  man  punislied 
with  such  a  thing  before,  nor  ever 
hy  blacks.     The  governor  stood  by, 
urging  diem,  through  the  medium 
of  their  linguist,  to  do   their  duty, 
and  he    distinctly  heard  him  say, 
*'  Lay  on,  you  black  b — ,  or  Til  lay 
on  you  }  cut  him  to  the  heart  5   cut 
Jiis  liver  out."     During  the  punish- 
ment,   Armstrong    said  something 
Avhidi    the  witness   did  not  rightly 
hear,  but  he  believed  it  was  begging 
for  mercy  5  and  when  it  was  over 
lie  was  led  to  the  hospital,  where  he 
understood  him  to  have  died  a  few 
days  after.     Tiiis  witness  saw  no- 
thing like  a  court-martial  lield  5  tlic 
Vol..  XLIV. 


officers  in  the  centre  of  the  circle, 
it  was  true^  conversed  a  minute  or; 
two,  then  turned  to  the  governor, 
who  ordered  Armstrons:  out  in  the 
manner  he  had  before  stated.  He 
declared  that  he  saw  no  appiearancc 
of  a  mutiny ;  that  he  heard  them 
talking  of  going  to  die  commissary 
to  requij-e  a  setLiement  of  their  short 
allowance  (upon  which  the^  had 
been  for  some  time),  as  he  and  the 
governor  were  to  leave  tlie  island 
the  next  momii^,  and  which  in 
fact  diey  did.  This  witness  under- 
went a  very  long  cross-examination,, 
but  in  which  he  did  not  vary  in  die 
material  points  :  he  admitted  Uiat 
he  heard  Armstrong  tell  the  go- 
vernor tliat  they  wanted  to  settle 
with' the  commissar}'}  but  denied 
hearing  him  make  use  of  any  such 

expression   as,    *'  I'll  be  d d  if 

you  shall  stir  from  the  island  un- 
til the  stoppages  are  paid  3".  it 
could  not  have  passed  without  hi$ 
hearing  :  he  .knew  Mrs.  Lacey,  wife 
of  captain  Lacey,  who  succeeded 
the  prisoner  in  the  government, 
\yas  in  the  island,  but  did  not  recol- 
lect seeing  of  her  at  that  time  ;  yet, 
if  she  was  then  in  die  go\'ernment- 
house,  she  was  at  a  much  greater 
distance  from  them  dian  he  was. 

Robert  More  said,  he  was  a  pri- 
vate in  the  garrison  of  Groree  on  the 
10th  of  July  1782,  on  which  day 
diey  were  paraded,  as  near  a^  he 
could  recollect,  between  four  and 
five  in  the  afternoon.  He  heard  the 
governor  order  lieutenant  Paul  to 
form  a  circle ;  and  that  being  done, 
the  officers  conversed  for  some  lit- 
tle time,  but  he  did  not  hear  what 
was  done,  Armstrong  was  called 
out  of  the  ranks,  when  the  governor 
represented  him  as  being  die  ring- 
leader of  a  mutiny.  Armstrong 
made  some  reply,  but  it  was  in  ^ 
O  o  low 


i69         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


low  n  tone  of  voice  that  the  witnf  ss 
could  not  colleol  what  he  said.  Af- 
ter a  liltle  time,  the  linihors  of  a 
six-pDunder  wore  hvjught  inio  the 
cin^lc,  \vh(:n  the.  go\enu>r  ordered 
Armstrong  to  be  tiid  to  it,  and 
commanded  ihr  lirg^ist  to  i'Uei*pret 
to  the  blacks  Ik)\\^  to  intiii-t  the  pu- 
nishment :  and  whU'h  v/as  done  hy 
pieces  oi'  vi'pe  tliat  ap^x^ared  to  he 
about  an  ineh  in  circumference. 
11iewitn(^<s  connled  eight  hundred 
la'^hes  whlcli  were  given  to  tlie  de- 
ceased by  hve  or  six.  blacks,  they 
changing,  nfter  each  giving  about 
iivc-a!ui-i\\tnr\'.  Vhen  it  was 
ov  r,  Anri.'vtrong  walked  away  lo- 
\\:l  I-.  the  hospit.d,  and  in  four  or 
fiv;  Lla\'s  the  witness  saw  him  car- 
ried  tc  1)C  buried.  1  here  was  no 
njipearance  of  mutiny,  but  thti  men 
wore  dissatisfied  at  not  havin^jj  re- 
ceived  llie'T  money  for  the  time 
they  liad  b*  en  on  slioit  allowanw, 
and  they  uridci*st(xnl  t!iat  if  it  Wiis  not 
settled  bi  tore  the  governor  and  com- 
missary Deeiliani  went  away,  tliey 
should  never  have  any  ;  and  which 
was  t!ie  fae\  as  far  as  relatrd  ro  him- 
^elt\  noiv.itJ\si::rid!ii<r  ihev  had  then 
be(!i  kept  short  for  some  months. 
iTii^'  w'.iner.s  ^:.ld  tliat  morning  gone 
to  thj  :jvM-.'\!e  to  ^vash  his  linen, 
and  when  V.^  ca:MO  back  l)e  met 
srvciMl  of  their  I'orps  .^;  emingly  (;ver- 
j.'y{\l  at  ih.^  i.li  a  tliat  tlu  y  were  go- 
ing ^o  havt  a  settlement,  for  Arm- 
stii>ng  d?^ci:n%  d  publicly  that  he  Jiad 
^ecn  with  cnsiirnDeerhnm,  and  that 
the  go^^^Klr  ii.id  promised  lo  see 
rvcMT  iii::n  i:;;!ited  before  he  left  the 
island.  'I'liepirade  was  ordered  so 
much.  s,\:5r  :■:■ :!:.'. :i  usual  that  many  had 
not  time  to  put  on  their  uniforms  : 
iK-veithil/is  it  was  fcVnitd  in  an  or- 
7lcrly  Jind  quiet  maniK  r.  J")uring 
1:!!:  punishment,  hehv-ard  Arm.-trung 
auk  tu  be  forgi\*Ln^  savin  J  he  would 


never  be  gifilty  of  the  like  again, 
and  the  governor  replied,  he  hoped 
that  it  would  be  a  warning  \o 
him.  If  what  passed  witli  the 
officers  in  the  centre  of  the  cir- 
cle, previous  to  Armstrong's  re- 
cci\ing  punishment,  was  called  a 
cuurt-martial.,  he  must  say  he  never 
s:iw  one  like  it  before  nor  since,  for 
the  wlioie  form  was,  the  deceased's 
Ixring  charged  as  a  ringleader  of  a 
mutiny,  and  in  a  few  moments  or- 
dered to  Ix".  punished.  Tliorc  had 
not  been  any  settlement  for  the  short 
[allowance  to  this  hour;  and  he 
he-ird  that  all  the  otliccrs  who  at- 
tended governc^r  Wall  on  that  day 
are  now  dead.  On  hi*  cross-cx:i- 
mination,  he  denied  ever  hearing 
any  of  the  mm  say,  tliat  the  govcr- 
Tit>r  should  not  leave  the  isLuid  until 
their  claims  were  settled  ;  some  of 
llicm  liail  dnmk  pretty  freely.  When 
the  circle  was  formed  he  was  in  the 
front  rank,  and  consequently  could 
sa*  all  that  passed.  He  recollected 
t!ie.  governor  bt*ing  called  out  of  the 
circle  by  lieutenant  Ford,  he  be- 
lieved, during  tlui  punishment  oi 
Armstrong,  to  go  to  the  main-guard 
about  seme  distiirbance  there,  but 
he  could  not  say  what  the  disturb- 
ance was  ;  htt  had  heard  that  a  pri- 
vate of  the  r.ame  of  Fawcett  was 
SiUtry;  he  believed  the  druninic.v3 
of  tlie  corps  were  in  tlie  curcle,  but 
ctuild  not  undertake  to  say  whether 
they  wt  re  or  were  not  drunk  \  and 
iilfhougii  he  was  so  iwar  while  the 
puIli^hment  was  inllicting  on  Arm- 
siror.g,  he  did  not  heai  tiie  governor 
make  use  of  any  such  expression  a« 
**  cut  out  his  heart,  tut  liis  liver 
out." 

Tliomas  Poplct  was  a  lieutenant 
at  Gv>rri  at  the  time  tliis  circum- 
stai.vj  took  place,  and  saw  the  wholjs 
liansnctioii  <df  foriuiug  the  circle  on 

the 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. . 


663 


Ihc  paiade,  from  his  own  quarters, 
being  at  the  distance  of  about  forty  . 
jards,  and  upon  an  elevation  of  ele- 
Tcn    feet  5    from  tJiat  spot  he  could 
plainly  see  into  the  circle,  and  in  its 
centre    ^^ere     governor  Wall,  cap- 
tain L*acey>  lieutenant  Ford,  ensign 
O'Shaliaghan^  and  he  believed  lieu- 
tenant Paul  was  also  there  ;   besides 
these,   there  T^vere  several  black  men 
and  their  interpreter.  HeknewArm- 
fitrong  from  tliat  distance,  saw  him 
fastened    to    the    gun-carriage,   and 
flogged   oil    the    bare   back   by  the 
black    men,    who  were    frequently 
dianged,   and,  as  well   as  he  could 
jodge,     at     about  every  twenty-five 
lashes  ^  ^vhen    it  was  over,  he  per- 
ceived them    to  unloose  Armstrong, 
who    was    then    supported  by  two 
meo  in  a   direction  towards  the  hos- 
pital.    He  could   not  undertake  to 
say  he  could  exactly  distinguish  what 
Iras  niade  use  of  by  the  blacks  to  flog 
Armstrong  witli,  but  he  produced  a 
piece  of    rope  which  he  said  he  re- 
ceived tjie  same  evening  from  one  of 
the  men,  ^who  assured  him  it  was  a 
piece  of  what  had  been  made  use  of. 
K  appeared  to  be  somewhat  thicker 
than  what  is  called  two-penny  cord. 
■  He  declared  he  had  never  seen  such 
tised  in  the  arniy  for  punishment ; 
the  usual  cat-o'-nine  tails  were  made 
of  lob-line,  and  when  the  punish- 
ment was  intended  to  be  moderate, 
Vhipcord  was  adopted^  widi  a  han- 
dle  made   of  w^ood.     He   did    not 
know  of  Armstrong's  having  been 
tried,  nor  did  he   see   the  least  ap- 
pearance of  any  thini^  like  it.     Be- 
ing questioned  as  to  the  officers  he 
bad  mentioned,  he  said  that  captain 
Laccy  was  alive  in  1784,  and  that 
he  served  under  him  in  that  year  at 
Chichester ;    but  he  understood  he 
was   since    dead.    Ensign   O'Shal- 
la^^an  died  in  his  passage  hoiofi  with 


the  witness',  who  arrived  in  England 
in  February  1784.  Lieutenant  Paul 
he  had  been  infonued  died  in  the 
Fleet  Prison  :  and  ensign  Ford  was 
also  dead.  The  blacks  who  inflicted 
tJie  punishment  on  Armstrong  were 
not  soldiers,  but  negro  slaves,  tliough 
it  was  usual  in  the  army  to  have  that 
otiice  perfcrilied  by  the  drummers 
of  the  corps.  For  his  own  piirt  he 
saw  no  appearance  of  a  mutiny, 
nor  did  he  believe  tliere  was  any. 
Lieutenant  Deerham  came  away 
from  Goree  with  governor  Wall  j 
him  the  witness  saw  between  three 
and  four  years  back  at  his  solicitor's 
chambers,  but  knew  not  what  had- 
since  become  of  him.  On  the  10th 
of  July  the  witness  was  himself  a 
prisDiier  at  his  own  quarters,  under 
the  sentence  of  a  court-martial,  but 
was  aUerwards  restored  to  his  rank 
by  command  of  his  majesty.  His 
cross-examination  went  little  further 
than  to  etiabiish  that  he  coiud  rot 
see  what  passed  at  the  govfrncrs 
house  when  Arm-tro-'or  ^veiit  ihiiH:r" 
at  the  head  of  the  :Tier:. 

— -—  Fc-rrick,  v.  bo  was  gnriis'ni 
surgeon  at  that  liTne  at  C.v.e, 
stated,  that  theiiisi  tinif^of  ^"  s  'ee- 
ing  governor  Wail  o..  the  ■')  i\  of 
July,  was  at  the  evri-in^  p;:  i*//  \q 
which  he  v,M9  ^eiit  ibr  to  v,i':.''s» 
a  man's  rccciv'n;;  s  pup::.ini...nt. 
When  he  came  t  >  T-j-  ^.t::  U*  he 
found  the  m'*u  r«.>rmc  -  int?  a  circle. 
and  governor  V/i.i*^  ".•.•:.■':?•.' 1  Liv.t-y, 
lieutenant  Paul,  and  e?.  »gn5.0  ^'^  i- 
laghan  and  Ford,  in  the  -.e^tre.  liiz 
punishment  of  floggin.^  wa^-  dl  this 
time  intiicting  upon  Arm  iti'i^j:,  and 

the  governor  said,  he  wn>;  ?  ci -d 

mutinous  scoundrel. 


was  executed  by  nec^oes  wi^li  iUi:e-  5 
he  attended  to.  the  man,  but  made 
no  representation  of  the  punishment 
beaig  tot)  severe  for  inm  to  undcigp 
O  o  2  without 


564 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


without  cbngcr  ;  indeed  he  did  not 
appear  to  be  more  affected  than  men 
usually  wcrti.  This  was  on  the 
]6th,  and  on  the  15th  he  died. 
From  that  time  to  tlie  present,  he 
had  always  supposed  tliat  punish- 
ment to  be  the  cause  of  his  death. 
He  did  not  see  any  tiling  on  tliat 
day  which  had  the  appearance  of  a 
mutiny.  TWia  witness  underwent  a 
louix  examination  bv  the  couasel  on 
hoili  sides,  iir  the  course  of  which 
he  said,  that  he  was  certainly  sent 
for  to  attend  the  punishment  in  his 
professional  capacity,  and  that  he 
l)ad  not  made  any  Representations  to 
the  governor  against  the  whole  be- 
ing iniiicted  :  partly  from  the  ap- 
pearance of  his  back  being  black,  as 
it  were,  with  bniigcs  from  the  tJiick- 
n'-?ss  of  the  cord ;  and  his  present 
opinion,  drawn  from  experience, 
was,  tliat  there  was  a  greater  cliance 
of  a  mail's  dying  by  being  so  pu- 
ni>h(  J,  than  if  Avith  a  common  cat- 
o'-ninc-tails,  because  it  did  not  cut 
br.t  brnisc-d,  from  which  more  fatal 
<  ()use(}iicncc  s  miglit  arise,  but  which 
hv  did  not  then  know,  nor  did  he  at 
tJic  time  think  it  to  be  dangerous  j 
'  but  he  hud  not  doubted,  from  his 
aUi  n;l:»nci"  on  the  deceased,  that  the 
JuOiiiiiuj-  I^.c  hnd  received  was  the 
(Muse  of  his  death.  He  did  not  re- 
«:(!lkct  ihr.t  he  had  forbidden  him 
the  use  of  str'oni::  litpiors,  though  it 
v\as  probable  tie  had,  because  of 
the  gcnrral  (U'der  that  noiu^  should 
bi'  admiited  into  the  hospital.  On 
b'ii3g  pressed  as  to  his  permitting  it 
to  go  Oil  rvo  far,  he  replied,  he  durst 
not  interfere;  but  his  explanation 
\\-as  objected  to  by  the  i^risoner'a 
coniiMf  1. 

1'lie  court  asked,  what  was  tlie 
d^iceased's  state  of  health  at  the 
time  ?  To  which  the  surgeon  rc- 
]^ikd,  .tliat  he  was  so  hcallby  as  nt>t 


to  have  been  under  his  liaiids  be- 
fore. 

William  Rosser  was  assistant  sur- 
geon in  the  hospital  of  Gorec  at  the 
time  :  he  recollected  some  personji 
being  brought  in  after  having  re- 
ceived pimishment  on  the  1 0th  and 
11th  of  July  1/82}  he  attended 
them,  and  remembered  that  Benja- 
min Armstrong  was  one  of  the  num- 
ber, and  who,  as  soon  as  he  came 
into  the  hospital,  said  to  the  witness, 
tliat  he  had  been  punished  by  the 
order  of  governor  Wall,  by  his  black* 
men,  and  that  he  should  certaiiily 
die.  On  preparing  to  dress  him,  he 
found  that  his  back  was  as  black  as 
a  new  hat;  from  his  first  coming 
into  the  hospital  he  regularly  grew 
worse  and  worse,  and  appeared  to  be 
in  a  dying  state  ;  insoniiicli  that  the 
witness  had  at  no  time  any  hope  of 
his  recover\'.  On  his  cross-exami- 
nation  he  said,  tliat  Armstrong,  dur- 
ing the  time  he  was  in  the  hospital, 
was  regularly  supplied  with  the  gar- 
rison allowance  of  half  a  pint  of 
brandy,  or  a  pint  of  wine,  [yci  day, 
which  he  might  have  drank  if  he 
chose;  but  the  witness  did  not 
recollect  having  seen  him  drink 
anv. 

Several  other  witnesses  corrobo- 
rated the  evidence  already  given . 
as  to  the  fact.  Ne>:t  wiuicss, 
Charles  Peace,  from  tiie  secretary 
of  state's  office,  j)roduced  a  letter" 
signed  J.  Wall,  dated  August  'S6g 
1/82,  addressed  to  tlie  right  hon, 
Thomas  Townscnd,  containing  an 
account  of  his  arrival  from  Gorec, 
and  the  state  in  which  he  had  left  tlie 
garrison.  This  was  shown  to  prove 
that  tlie  prisoner  liad  not  tlien  al- 
luded to  any  mutiny. 

The  king's  proclamation  for  ap- 
prehending J.  Wall,  he  having 
eicaped    from  1"^   majesty's  laes- 

sengcx? 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


565 


igew  at  the  Brown  Bear,  Reading, 
ed  the  8th  of  March  1/84,  and 
sring  a  reward  for  his  apprehen- 
3,  was  next  read. 
k  second  letter,  addressed  to 
1  Sidney,  and  dated  Oi:tober  15, 
J4,  signed  Josepli  Wall,  was 
)  vead^  in  which  it  was  stated 
t  he  'would  surrender  in  a  few 
nths. 

.\nother  letter  was  also  produced, 
ed  October  25,  1801,  addressed 
<Mid  Pelham,  and  signed  as  tlib 
ers,  stating,  that  he  has  now 
oxned  to  England  for  the  pur- 
se of  meeting  the  charge  against 

^d  a  fburtli  letter,  dateti  Octo- 
•  26,  1801,  being  a  duplicate  of 
:  foregoing. 

rhese 'letters  were  proved  to  be 
J  hand- writing  of  the  prisoner  by 
r.  Poplet. 

J.  A.  Oldham,  deputy  judge- 
rocate,  said,  that  returns  of 
general  courts  martial  were 
ide  to  their  office  5  tluit  he  had 
rched,  but  could  not  find  any 
the  trial  of  Benjamin  Armstrong. 
hat.  were  called  field  courts  martial 
I  not  make  any  return  ;  but  all 
lis  for  mutiny  were  returned. 
This  was  the  case  on  the  part  of 
;  crown  ;  and  tlie  prisoner  being 
led  upon  for  his  defence,  ad- 
ssed  the  court  at  some  length, 
\  substance  of  whicti  address  was, 
it  on  the  10th  of  July  1782, 
mthe  ill  state  of  his  health,  from 
i  dimate,  he  was  preparing  to 
bark  for  England  3  that  he  had 
rived  ^  certincate  from  the  offi- 
B  thijt  tlie  lUcn  were  all  satisfied  : 
was  therefore^  surprised,  at  about 
?cn  o'clock,  at  seeing  a  body  of 
m  coming  up  to  the  government- 
ise,  who  made  a  demand  of  a 
deoient  for  tlacir    short  allow- 


ance :  to  api>easc  them,  he  desired 
ihem^  to  let  him  have  an  hour  or 
two  to  consider,  but  in  a  short 
time  they  should  have  it.  On  this 
they  retired,  and  about  two  o'clock 
they  returned,  many  of  them  much 
intoxicated,  and  violently  insisted 
upon  their  demand  being  imme- 
diately complied  w  ith  :  he  expos- 
tulated- with  them  for  some  time, 
and  at  length  ordered  Armstrong, 
who  was  at  their  head,  to  march 
the  men  back  again  ;  to  whicli 
he  replied,  **  he  would  bed— -d  if  he 
would,  till  it  was  ail  set i led."  He, 
the  prisoner,  then  ordered  tlieni 
himself  to  return  to  tlie  barrack's  j 
but  they  swoie  that  tliey  would 
not,  and  that,  if  their  demands  were 
not  satisfied,  they  would  break 
open  tlie  stores  and  satisfy  them- 
selves. They  appeared  to  him  to  be 
bent  on  proceeding  to  extremities, 
and  feeling  he  had  no  resource  to 
fly  to  if  tliey  did,  he  begged  they 
would  give  him  an  hour  or  two 
to  consider,  when  he  would  give 
them  an  answer  j  tliey  hesitated 
at  first,  but  at  last  agreed,  on 
condition  that  he  would  net  leave  the 
island.  Armstrong  then  marched 
the  men  back,  they  shouting  and 
giving  every  sign  of  a  tunuihuous 
disposition.  When  they  were  gone, 
he  sent  for  tlie  officers  of  the  coips 
to  consult  with  them  ;  and  tlien 
walked  out  for  tlie  purpose  of  see- 
ing the  state  of  tJie  garrison,  and 
to  infonn  himself  whether  they 
were  all  concerned.  On  his  way 
he  met  Armstrong,  and  several 
more,  who  accosted  him,  saying 
that  he  had  promised  not  to  leave 
the  island,  and  therefore  he  sljould 
not  go  to  the  water  hide.  He  re- 
turned, and  the  officers  beinsc  «s- 
sembled  at  the  gon'mm^nt-housc, 
they  all  agreed  tliat  immediate  pii- 
Oo  3  li.shmcijt 


563 


A  ^^'  N  U  A  L    R  E  G  I  S  T  E  R,    1802. 


n>hn:rr.t  war,  ii?(\*..v^nrv  ;   he  there- 
fore ir.  -'.'  fv-J.  (-:v>i^L»  O'Slialla^han  to 
gv)   to  lie  scr  .(\uii-m  jor,  and  tell 
him  to  hvtt  -il    things    rc.dv  i^r 
their  pujiisiiini*:  it  when  caUed  for: 
the  ei:si:n   rctuni^d,  ^lud   reported 
that  ail   the    cats-o'-iiir.c-tails    had 
bt^'jii  dt\-iUoycd  ;     thut  he   did  not 
think   tl  ey  vould   sulfer   any   one 
to  be  p mislicd,  for  thty  apjieared 
to   be  all    a; reed;  and  it  was   on 
^this  repoit  that  captain  Lnecy  pro- 
posed thr.tthtybliiouldbe  jmnishedby 
the    lin;;ui.?t     and    his     assist.^nts : 
thi."^  bt  ing  ^v<.e.(\  u;)on,  he  tola  cap- 
tj'.in  Jiacey  that  he  would  go  round 
t'ne  iniiin    raard  for  the  purpose  of 
p^(  venti:  :;  i.he  garrison  being  alarm- 
rd  at  Knowing  they  were  going  to 
be.   ].Vinis;ied  j    in    the  mean   time 
the  oiiiciTs  wctc  to  ntLend  on  the 
p:".rii.1o ;   Ik.  re  he  joined  them,   and 
the  inen  being  formed  in  a  eirele, 
he  asked  if  thr-y  had   any  claim  ? 
Sonic    replied,     tlieir    was    money 
due  f(^r  sliort  allowaiiees  -,  on  which 
he  calk.d  unon   Arni-iron<Xf  know- 
ing  hci  liad  jio  claim   on  that  ac- 
count, and  charged  him  with  mii- 
tiir,'.       Jiibt   as    Armstronsf    came 
forward,    a  mtsseneer  came  from 
eiosign   Ford,   at    the    raain-gnard, 
to  state  that  a  man  had  been  taken 
frcm     his    confinement.        Feeling 
th,ere  was  no   time  to    !)e   lost,  he 
left    these,  men  U'^dcr  the   Ciire   of 
rapt'iin   Larry,  and   went    himself 
to    the     main -guard       On    seeing 
h'm,  the   solder    who     h:'.d    been 
4\:nhneAl   retied  ;  lie  followed,  :.nd 
as   \\v.    V.  as  lo.ciiig  liim    into    the 
giian:-r,vuii,  tl:{^  S(  ntry  clapptxl  his 
ba.O'.tt    to  lis   (governor   Wall's) 
])rea>t.    jvi!-'-  he  sheeld  not  enter, 
bet   he  I'o'ecd   the  bayonet  ort    (.f 
hs  I  .'in  ;,  a!id  then  secured  him  ::s 
a     •.  riijoncr  al.>o.     This    tione,    he 
rc:uiiied  to  tiie  parade,  and  direct- 


ed the  artillery  to  form  witli  the 
AtVican  coq^s.  a  circumstance  which 
had   not   before  taken  place.     He 
then    ordered    Lnccy,  Paul,     and 
O'Shallaghc.n,  to  form  a  court- mar- 
ti::l.     Perrick,    the    surgeon,    was 
then  on  the   parade.      Armstrong 
was  then  called  out  and   charged 
with  mutiny  by  the  prif:oncr,   who 
left  him  to  be  tried  by  this  court-- 
martial, rot  halving  power  at  that 
time  to   form  any   other.      While ' 
tliey  were  trying  him,  he   went  to 
the  ontF.ide  of  the  circle,     where' 
captain  Lacey  reported  to  him  that 
they  had  ordered  Armstrong  80O 
ladies  :  he  then  returned  and  com-r 
mnnicated  to  Armstrong  this  sen- 
tence, which  was  executed  by  the 
linguist  and  his  assistants  with   a 
small  rope,    which  was   shown  to 
the  surgeon,  and  which  he  so  ftr." 
ap|>»'oved  as  to  give  it  as  his  opinion 
that  it  was  not  so  bad  as  a  cat-b'- 
nine- tails.     As  to  the  punishment 
being  inflicted  while  he  w^as  tied  to 
the  carriage  of  a   six-jx)under,  they 
had  no  otlicr  mode  to  execute  it  j 
nor   from    the    manner  in   which 
Armstrong    received     this  punish- 
ment did  it  appear  to   have  bectt 
a  vf.ry  severe  one :  but  as  soon  as 
he  got  to  the  hospital  he  was  suf^ 
fered  to  drink  spirits  until    he  got 
intoxicated.      His    own    state     of 
Ileal ih  rendered  it  necessary  that  ho. 
should  lose  no  time  in  quitting  tliat 
climate,  and  therefore  it  was  that  on, 
the  next  morning  he  qu^.tted  Goree, 
leaving  captain   Latey  as  his  suc- 
cessor in   the   command.     On   his 
aniv.'d  in  P^ngland,  he  found  vari- 
ous cha'ecs  had  been  made  asrainsl 
him  by  Poplct  and  Roberts,   all  of" 
which  were  dismissed,  and  Roberts , 
reprimanded  for   bringing   for\vard 
what  was  so  ill  founded.     JFljving 
cleared  hhnself  from  tliose  in^puta- 

tions 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


507 


tions,  he  went  to  Batli,  and  beard 
nothing  of  any  other  charge  until 
two  messengers  came  to  him  there 
from  lord  Sidney :  he  asked  tl-.eni 
if  they  had  any  warrant  ?  -which 
tliey  said  they  had  not:  hut  he, 
however,  had  '  no  objection,  and 
they  proceeded  towards  London  in 
a  chaise  and  four  5  he  paid  tlie  hUU, 
and  at  Reading  ordered  the  supper 
in  the.  usual  way,  but  did  not  think 
it  necessary  to  tell  tJie  officers  tiiat 
be  was  going  away.  He  did  not 
know  of  tills  charge ;  but  various 
injurious  reports,  such  as  his  hav- 
ing blown  men  from  the  moutli  of 
9  cannoii>  liad  since  lx;en  circulated. 
''  I  am  however,"  concluded  tlie 
prisoner,  *'  here  now  to  answer  for 
this  charge,  and  leave  it  to  my  lords 
and  the  gentlemen  of  tlie  jury." 

To  substantiate  tliis  account  of 
the  transaction,  several  witnesses 
were  called,  particularly  ^Mrs.  Lacey, 
widow  of  tlie  captain  who  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Wall,  and  Mary  Faulk- 
ner, who  not  only  agreed  with  him 
in  the  outrageous  conduct  of  the 
men,  and  tlie  violent  language  they 
used,  but  both  positively  swore  tliat 
Lewis,  tlie  llrst  witness,  was  not  tlje 
orderly  sergeant  on  tliat  day.  John 
Faulkner,  Peter  Williams,  ani  some 
olliers  who  were  present,  wt-se  also 
examined,  and  whose  testimonies 
went  in  full  corroboration  of  the  ac- 
comit  given  by  the  prisoner,  and  so 
for  w^ent  to  his  jastification ;  but 
M'hieh  in  most  material  jxjints  was 
in  direct  contradiction  to  the  evi- 
dence whic^h  liad  been  given  by  tlie 
witnesses  for  the  crown. 

The  Jeorned  jud;:;o  recupitiilat^'d 
the  evidence  with  much  (i-j»v  rimina- 
tion,  and  the  jury,  after  being  out  of 
court  some  time,  pronounced  a  ver- 
dict of  Qulltif, 

Tlic  recorder  liien  proceeded  to 


pass  sentence  of  death  upon  him  : 
that  he  be  exc^caUod  o'l  Friday  the 
22d,  ai)d  that  his  body  bo  aftcf- 
wards  ddivtn^d  to  be  anatomized^ 
accc  rdih J  to  the  statute. . 

Mr.  Wfill  sceme^l  i^en^bly  af- 
fected by  x'uv  sentence,  but  said  no-, 
thing  morf*  tli.in  requesting  the  court 
would  allow  hini  a  little  time  to  pre- 
pare himself  for  death. 

Thus  ended  this  very  extraordi- 
nary trial,  which  excited  no  common 
share  of  attention.  ■ 

The  ra'ik  of  th^;  party,  his  age, 
and  the  cireunAStance  of  the  crimri's 
having  been  committed  nearly  twenty 
years  previously  to  his  condemna- 
tion, ail  held  out  to  public  curiosity 
subject-matter  perljop*^  hitherto  un- 
equalled in  tlie  annals  of  the  country. 
The  clejiiencv  of  his  sQvereiim 
extended  to  the  unhaj^py  man  the 
period  of  his  puni;»hment  to  the  28th, 
when  he  autfert-d  death,  the  particu- 
lars of  which  may  be  seen  hi  our 
Chronicle  f<Tthis  month. 

And  here  it  m:?y  not  Ix*  iniproper 
or  imperii ucnt  to  renurk,  and  it  is 
indeed  a  natural  deduclion  from  tlio 
nature  of  the  two  trials  we  have 
successively  detailed,  that  Bri- 
ti:»h  justice  has  manifested  in  two 
men:o:abIe  events  its  wisdom,  its 
pnrlly,  and  its  i'npartialily.  viz.  in 
tlie  cxemp'la'.y  punishnienc  of  Mu- 
TiN'ERRS  for  disobedience  to  their 
orticcrs,  and  a  no  lei:.?  ftxemTjlaty 
execution  ofaOoMMANm^iv,  i or  vio- 
lating tlie  delegated  authority  of  his 
sovc  rc'i;;n,  in  orderin^;  a  ivvi^iisliment, 
which  caused  tiie  death  of  one  of 
tliv/~.c:  whom  he  was  ]>la(:ed  over  !  !  ! 
I'he  late  culonr:!  Wall  was  lieute- 
nant-governor of  Goree,  but  the  of- 
fice of  chief  go\ernov  bex^oming  va- 
cant, he  actal  in  that  capacity  for 
about  two  years,  lie  was  colonel 
commandant  of  an  African  qorps, 
'  O  o  4  and 


568 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,     1802. 


and  superintend  ant  of  trade  to  the 
colony      His  taniily  were  originally 
Roman  catholics,  but   he  wps  I.ini- 
ficlf  a  protestimt.     He  was  a  native 
of  Dublin,  and  wa«  allied  by  ni:ir- 
rtagc   to   many  noble   families  (his 
M'iie  being  sister  to  lord  Seaforth), 
and  had  for  many  years  lived  a  most 
irreproachable  life  :  it  is  most  pro- 
bable,   that  had  he  not  himself  so- 
licited a  trial  by  his  application   to 
the  secretaiy  of  state,  that  he  would 
never  have  been  moltitcd  for  a  trans- 
action of  so  dirjtant  a  date.     He  has 
left  children,  his  eldest  son    about    derstood  to  be  supercarco,  "whr:.  oc- 


UWmm  Macfar1am,0iVncrs  of  the 
said  hri^,  were  tried  at  an  Admi- 
rdii/  Sessions,  at  the  Old  Baileij, 
Oa>/\'r  26th  1802.  Extrartctl 
from  the  Evidence  of  Thomas 
Cooper, 

Tliomas  Cooper,  a  foremast  man, 
deposed,  :hat  he  shipped  himself  as 
such  on  board  the  brig  Adventure, 
at  Limchouse ;  that  the  prisoner 
Codling  was  captain,  and  a  man  of 
the  nau'ie  of  Douglas  was  at  that  time 
mate  of  her  :  a  ivir.  Storrow  he  nn- 


eleven  years   old.     It    is    ratlier    a 
curious  coincidence,  that   at   three 
equally  distant  periods,  in  the  intttr- 
val  ot'  forty  years,   tlie  late  unfor- 
tunate Mr.  Wall  rose  first  into  no- 
tice^  was  at  the  zenith  of  his  power  j 
and     terminated  his  career  by   an 
ignominious  deatli.     The    first,    in 
1762,  v/heu   he  fought  with    great 
bravery  aiidelfect  (as  was  alluded  to 
bv  tliat    rc.spfCLa!)le  om.*er,    get  e- 
ral  Ft-rbcs,   when  speaking    to  Mr. 
M'ail's  character)    at    tliC  reduction 
of  tl.e  Plavannah  which  occasion 'j.'l 
hi  ^  sub'^:cqu«  nt  proir.oiionj   tne  .-e- 
c  -n:l,  in  \7^'l,  wht-n  with  the  ra.i.-v 
of  a  field  otliccr,  and  i(0-.  ernor  of » -le 
islaiid  of  Gorf..^,  he  un^jappLly  com- 
miit«-d  that  act   wjich   led    to  his 
d'/plor:iblc  cataitroplie  ;  and,   3dly, 
aficr  a  long  ex::-?,  ^\ith  very  indif- 
ferent or  precarious  Means  of  sub- 
fcistence,  in  I  b^Ji,  when  he  expiated 
tho^e   ortences  by  an  ignominious 
death. 


Par  titulars  nf  the  inlfully  casting 
awa^l  of  ///«'  Briii  Adventure  J  for  the 
I'urpcse  of  dtfraudij}^  the  Under- 
let itt  rsij'ir  u  lih  h  Richard  Codling, 
h*r  Cnptahu  John  Rnid,  Super- 
c^^^'"}  find  Gc'jr^Tc  EasterlcT^  and 


casionally  came  on  board,  nnd  •■a-led 
with  them  to  Yavipouth,  wh-.T'*  ♦bey 
took   in   22  hoosheads  of  tobacco, 
some  linen,  and  a  quantity  of  bal- 
last:    from   thence   they    s«?iled   to 
Deal,  \vhere  the  prisoner  came  on 
board  as  pupercargo,  and   Dcniglas. 
being  much  atllicted  with  the  rheu- 
mitispi,    he    quitted  the    ship  j  on 
which  thcc.ipain  appointed  the  wit- 
ness to  succeed  him,  notwithstand- 
ing he  acquainted  the  explain  that  he 
w:is  unacquainted  with  naxigation. 
When  they  Ic-'t  Deal,  the  captain 
charged  him  to  have  the  ship's  boat 
kept  cle-in,  and  four  oars  constantly 
in  her.     On  the  Friday  before  the 
vt->sel  sunk,   the  captain  said  to  the 
witr.ess,    th.at  rhey    shouhl  not  be 
eight  and  forty  hoiu's  longer  in  her  j 
and  on  the  Saturday,  that  she  was 
not  cajxible  of  carrying  them  through 
the  Bay  of  Biscay  ;  that  he  did  not 
think  lier  worth  trusting  his  life  in, 
and  why  should  the  witness  ?     Grog 
was  then  ser\ed  round,  and  in  tlie 
evening  the  witness  went  to  relieve 
the  captain  at  the  helm,  who  wept 
down    to  the    cabin.     In  about  a 
quarter  of  an  hour  he  came  up  again, 
and  told  the  witness  to  go  down  and 
scuttle  the  ship ;  that  he  would  find 
an  auger  on   tiie  rcabin    floort  he 

purpose  i 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE.        56# 


pfnrpose ;  that  he  must  take  the  scut-    bottom,  they  hoisted  the  signal  o£ 


tie  hatch>  and  bore  a  hole  in  the  run, 
as  near  the  bottom  as  he  could. 
The  witness  went  down  to  the  cabin, 
and  found"  the  aup^er  as  ^^escribed, 
with  w'hich  he  bored  three  holes  in 
the  bottom,  as  he  had  been  directed  : 
he  then  returned  and  told  the  captain 
that  he  had  made  three  holes,  in  two 
of  which  he  had  put  gimlet  spikes, 
and  left  tlie  auger  in  the  third  ;  on 
which  he  bade  him  let  them  remain 
80  till    the  morning-  this  was  ac- 


distress,  on  which  the  boat  had  b«ca 
hoisted  out,  and  all  tlie  orew  had 

fot  into  it  buthimscU'and  the  captain, 
or  his  own  part,  in  consequence  of 
the  captain  having  told  him  that 
they  should  not  be  eight  and  forty 
hours  longer  on  board,  he  had  packed 
up  part  of  his  things  in  die  bread- 
pan,  and  was  so  far  prepared  to  put 
them  into  the  boat.  Tlie  si^ial 
being  seen,  at  about  eight  o'clock,  a 
boat  came  up,  the  people  in  which 


cordingly     done    until  just  before  asked  if  they  wanted  any  assistance, 

day-break;,   when  lie  was  directed  to  and  offered  to  tow  the  vessel  on 

pfull  the  auger  out  j  after  which  the  shore  ;  but   the  captain  told  them, 

cepliiin    ordered  th^t  the  c.ibin-boy  that  the  ship  belonged  to  him  while 

should  be  prevented   from  coming  she  swam,  and  they  had  no  business 

down  into  the  cabin  to  ^f  t  his  break-  with  her.     At   this  juncture,  a  boat 

fast,  as  usual,  l?st  iie  might  hear  the  belonging  to  die  Swallow  revenue 

water  coming  in.     Ai  the  time  he  cutter  came  up,   a  hawser  was  fas- 

(tkc   witness)    ii\:v}q  the  two  holes  tened  to  the  head  of  the  Adventure, 

with  the  auger,  Reid  was  cluse  by  in  and  she  was  by  them  taken  in  tow  ; 

l)ed  ',  he  turned  two  or  tince  times,  but  they  had  scarcely  brought  her 

but  diwl  not  speak,  and  thcrolbre  he 

jcould    not   say  whether  Reid  heard 

him  or  not,    as  the  auger  made  no 

noise.     .At  tlie  captain's  desire  he 


head  about,  when  she  went  down, 
in  consequence,  he  had  no  doubt,  of 
the  holes  which  he,  agreeably  to  die 
captain's  orders,    had  made  in  her 


called   Reid,   who   thereupon  went    bottom.     The  whole  crew  was  taken 
upon  deck  -,  while  he  was  tliere  the    on  shore,  and  they  all  went  to  the 


captain  came  down  and  wished  the 
holes  increased,  that  the  water 
might  come  in  faster  3  the  witness 
recollected  there  was  an  iron  crow 


Ship  inn,  at  Brighton,  where  he 
heard  Reid  say  that  he  had  lo^ 
every  diing  He  remembered  that 
when  Reid  came  on  board  at  Deal,  t 


upon  tlic  deck,  told  the  captain  of    trunk  was  brought  with  him,  but  the 


it,  who  replied,  that  was  the  very 
thing }  upon  which  he  went  and 
fetched  it  into  the  cabin  :  the  captain 
lent  him  a  hand  to  kuock  the  lockers 
down,  tliat  he  might  the  more  easily 


very  next  day  that  trunk  was  taken 
ashore  again. 

It  was  on  die  Sunday  morning  that 
the  ship  sunk,  and,  as  well  as  h« 
could  recollect,  it  was  on  the  Tuenday 


get  ^t  the  holes,  and  ;hen  he  struck  following  that  Easterley  and  M^ Far- 
die  crow-bar  through  the  ship's  lane  came  to  Brighton,  the  former  of 
bottom,  when  the  water  caipe  in  whom  asked  the  witness  where  he 
freely.  Fx'om  the  fir->t  of  his  having  had  bored  the  holes,  and  what  w^rt 
made  the  holes  with  the  auger,  one  their  size  ?  He  could  not  tell  whedier 
pf  them  had  been  left  open,  to  give  M'Farlane  was  near  enough  to  hear 
the  appearand  of  a  leak,  and  to  keep  die  quesdon  :  diere  were  at  the  time 
the  pump  at  work,  but  soon  after  he'  some  carpenter's  tools  lying  near 
bad  struck    the  crow  through  the  them,  aod  be  replied|  that  one  was 


*70        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


the  size  of  (hat  chissel  handle  j  on 
•uhich  Easterlcy  hid  him  get  the 
lanJie  out,  Uiat  he  mighi  he  pre^ 
pared  to  plug  up  the  hole,  in  case  the 
«h'p  '.hould  be  got  onshore,  to  which 
she  was  then  mafdng  very  fast ;  and 
turning  to  the  captain,  he  c*J]cd  him 
X  damned  fool,  said  he  had  made  a 
stupid  job  of  it,  for  if  he  had  only 
run  over  to  the  coast  of  France, 
from  its, being  such  fine  we;ather, 
tliey  would  to  a  certainty  have  got  to 
shore  on  one  side  or  the  other.  Eas- 
terlcy and  ]\rFarlane  then  ordered 
the  captaui  and  witness  to  get  oft'  for 
London,  observing,  that  if  they  did 
not  keep  close,  tliey  might  be  soon 
under  sentence  of  death,  M-Farlaue 
took  places  for  them  in  the  coach,  for 
which  he  paid,  gave  the  witness  a 
direction  to  his  house,  and  a  guinea  : 
the  witness  also  received  nine  shillings 
for  wages.  The  captain's  coming  to 
London  witli  him  was  however 
stopped  by  a  gentleman,  and  one  of 
the  cabin  boys  came  in  his  stead. 
One  of  these  boys  the  captain  had 
early  in  the  morning  sent  down  to 
the  cabin  fjr  his  great  coat,  and  who, 
on  his  return,  said  he  was  sure  he  had 
heard  the  water  coming  in  5  the 
ciptain  said  it  was  no  such  thing. 


that  he  had  only  heard  the  watiK 
from  their  being  on  the  run,  bidding 
the  witness  go  and  see  if  that  was  OQt 
tlie  case,  at  the  same  time  giving  him. 
a  hint  to  confirm  what  he  had  said; 
and  which  he  did.   On  the  witness's 
arriToi  in  London,  he  f  :t;ted  with  the 
boy ;     and    having    lemained    t\t'o 
nights,  he  set  oft*  to  walk  down  to  hU 
mother's,  who  lives  at  a  village  ncaij 
Saxmondham,   and  when  he  cai^s 
there^  he  found  some  people  had  been 
after  him,  and  that  a  hand-bill  hacj 
been  circulated,  ofieruig  one  huiw 
dred  guineas  reward ;  on  this  he  im-s 
mediately  sent   to  a   ncighbouriiMf 
constable,  surrendered  himself,  ano 
gave  an  account  oi  th^e  whole  tranfft- 
action . 

Much  other  evidence  was  adduce^/ 
to  establish  the  guilt  of  the  prisoneW;,  .^ 
who  made  little  or  no  defence,  2^p4.; 
were,  except  Reid,  found  guilty.    In  j 
consequence  of  which  Codling  suf? 
fered  death  witli  a  fortitude  wortliy 
of  a  better  cause  on   the  27th  c^ 
November.  But  there  appearing  sonpie 
legal  doubts  on  tlie  criminality  of 
Easterley  and  M'^Farkne,  their  cas^ .] 
was  reserved  for  the  qpink>i\  of 
twelve  judges. 


■j 


A  GENEBAL 


y^ 


■■i\ 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE*^ 


m 


A    GENERAL    BILL 


or 


CHRISTfiNINGS     AND    BURIALS, 


From  Dic£Mber  15,  1801,  to  Decbmbbr  14,  i902. 


Christened    ^  f  .j^^j.^    9,354  P^'^'®'     ^"""^^  J  Females  «,4goi  *»'370. 


Increased  in  the  bbrials  this  year,  5. 


\v  hereof  have  died  under  2  years  -  5905 
Between  2  to    5  -  2379 

—  5  to  10      8g2 

10  to  20 -'3-23 
20  to  so-  1199 


30  to4o  -  1782 
40  to  50  •  2112 
50  to  60  -  1885 
Goto  70-1353 


70  to  80  -  ^gS 
80  to  90  -  ^69 
90  to  100 -'     62 

loa    -    -       3 


DISEASES. 

Bortive  and  still 
457 

32 

1432 
o 

sud- 

206 

639 

o 


o 


2C 


j\     born 
Abscess 
Aged 
Ague^ 
Apoplexy  and 

dcnly 
Asthma 
Bedridden 
Bile 

Bleeding  - 
Bursten  and  rupturc25 
Cancer  6.^ 

Canker  ] 

Chicken  pox  2 

Childbed  193 

Cold  14 

Coiic  and  gripes  24 
Consumption  4orfc 
Convulsions  3so3 
Cough  and  hooping- 
cough  100. 
Cramp  2 


Cow  pox 

Croup 

Dropsy  8J5 

Evil  0 

Fevers  of  all  kinds 

2201 
Fistula  1 

Fiux  9 

French  pox 
Gout 
Gravel,    stone, 

strangury 
Grief 
Hv-admnuldshot, 

horscshoeHead, 

and    Abater    in 

the  head 
Impos'huiae 
Jaui'Ci.ce 
i;iw  locked 
InHanimution 
Li-prosy 
l.cthargy 
L/vcrc;rown 
Lunatic 
Measles 


2]  Miscarriage 
27  Mortification 
Palsy 
Pleurisy 
Quinsy 
Rash 

Rhumatism 
Rickets 
lljScurvy 
107  Small  pox 
and:Sore  throat 


1 

336 

110 

3] 

1 
2 
1 
2 

1579 

15 

16  Sores  and  ulcers  •    13 

6,St.  Anthony's  fire     3 

Spasm  o 

Stoppage  in  stomach 

11 

log'Swine  pox  1 

IjTeeih  363 

7  75X1 1  rush 

2,Vomiting  and  loose 


635 
2 
] 


5o 


125 

559 


ness 
Worms 


CASUALTIES. 
))  Ro'.en  limbs     2 
Bruised  3 


Burnt  19 
Broken  neck  i 
Drowned  112 
Drinking,  exces- 
sive 10 
Executed  *6 
Found  dead  10 
Fractured  4 
Frighted  a 
Frozen  2 
Killed  by  falls  79 
Accidents  1 
Fighting  41 
Suicide  I 
Killed  by  a  bull  I 
Killed  bv  a  madman  2 
Poisoned  a 
Scalded  3 
Shot  O 
Snoihcred  1 
Starved  3 
S^iaincd  1 
->aiioeated  4 

Total  307. 


♦  The  executions  in  Middlesex  and  Surrey  are  not  here  included,  they  not  being  re- 
ported within  the  bills  of  mortality. 


Average 


«7«        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


J 

i 


■f 


Average  Prices  of  Grain,  for  the  Year  1802. 


January      -  -     - 
Febniaiy     -     -    - 

March     .  -      - 

April      -  -       - 

May       -  -       - 

June      -  -      - 

July       -  -      - 

August    -  -     - 
September 

October     -  -     - 
November 
Pecciiiber 

General  Average 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats, 

Beans. 

s,     d. 

s. 

(/. 

s,     d. 

S0    d. 

76    0 

44 

0:23    0 

44     0 

74    7 

41 

3    21      9 

40     6 

73    6 

38 

JO  20     6 

38     2 

70     2 

36 

1    1.9     9 

35     0 

66  10 

32 

2 

19     1 

33    10 

66    8 

31 

2 

19   0 

34     3 

67    2 

30 

8    19  10 

34     2 

69    3 

32 

4 ! 20  10 

35     0 

67    4 

30 

6    21     4 

35   11 

61  10 

26 

6 

20     1 

34     S 

59  10 

26 

10 

20     3 

34     8 

58     3 

26 

9 

20     4 

35     8 

67    7 

33 

1 

20     3 

36     2 

1 

' 

1 

PRICES 


•MI- 


■■latt 


^ 


3, 

e 
e 


•I  1 

85 


K 


51 


Si 


lit 


11 


II!  I  g 


■I', 

ii 


.■ 


"■ 

■Ii 

J 

0 


APPENDIX  to  the   CHRONICLE.  s^3 


O 


■   H 
!     U 


i     I 


rr*         ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


SUPPLIES  granted  by  Parliament,  for  the 

Year  1802, 


NAVY,  &c. 

NovTTxibcr  9,  1801. 
That  130,000  seamen  be  erwplqj'ed  for  tluee  lunar 

months,   cominencing  1st  January  1802,  inciiiding 

30,000  marines. 
For  wages  for  ditto       ,     - 

For  victuals  for  ditto        -  -  -  - 

For  wear  and  tear  of  .ships  in  whicli  they  are  to  serve 
For  ordnance  for  sea  service 

* 

November  12. 
For  the  ordinary  of  liic  navy  -  ,  . 

For  the  extraordiuniy  tjf\litto  -  -        -        1 

For  the  transport  serv»^e^  and  for  mamtenance  of  pri- 
soners ^f  war  in  heal  f.h  -  -         .    .- 
For  the  maintenance  oi  sick  prisoners  of  v/ar  * 

Mfireh  11,  1802. 

That  130,000  seanx'n  l>e  employed  for  two  lunar 
months,  commencing  26tJi  M^-ch  Instant,  includ- 
ing 30,000  marines. 

For  wages  tor  ditto 

For  victuals  for  dit^o  ...  -  „ 

For  wear  and  tear  of  ship  in  which  they  are  to  serve 

For  ordnance  for  sea  service 

March  13. 
For  the  ordinary  of  the  navy 

For  the  extraordinary  ditto  -  -  * 

For  the  transport  service,  and  maintenance  of  prison- 
ers of  war  in  health  -  -  - 
For  ihe  maintqnanec  of  ^ick  prisoners  of  war           ^ 


741,000  6  o 

1,170,000  o  a 
97,500  o  a. 


210,604  o  a  ^ 

233,(333  O  O 

SfiOyOOO  O  O 

2S,000  0  d 


4SliOO0  0  4^ 

490,000  6  4 

780,000  0  o 

65^000.  0  O 


140,403  0  O 

155,756  0  O 

240,000  O  0 

15,000  P  O 


£.  5,933,393    O    O 


%Smji 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


61^ 


May  11,  1802.  * 
)S>000  seamen  be  empVoJicd  for  one  lunar  month, 
imencLug  22d  Mi\y  instant,   includiiig   18,000 
-ines. 

'•ages  for  ditto  .  .  « 

Lctuals  for  ditto  -  ~  - 

'ear  and  tear  of  ships  in  which  they  are  to  -serre 
rdnance  for  i»ea  service  -  -    •        % 

May  20/ 

lie  ordinary  of  the  flavy         -  * 

xtraotdinary  of  diito  -  -  *    - 

he  transport  sep-v  ice,  and  for  aoaintcnanoe  of  jptri- 
lers  of  war  in  health  -  -  - 

he  inainlenance  of  sick  prisonens  of  war 


£. 


s. 


i62,eoo  o  o 

167,200  o  o 

2(?4,00CJ  O  O 

22,000.  O  O 


'\  ■ 


77,87s    O   O 
109,000   o   a 

3/)00    O    O 


June  10. 
70,000  seamen-  be  employed  for  Btvtn  lunar 
3ndzs,  commencing  the   ISth  instant,  iudludin|; 
^000  lOBrines. 

n^ges  for  ditto  •  * 

lals  for  ditto  -  -  -  ^ 

r  Sftid  tear  of  ships  in  which  they  are  to  *cr7C 
uince  for  sea  service  -        :     •^  .      '     ^ 


931,060    O    O 

1,470/300 .  O   O 

122j^;a0    Q    « 


...  June  15. 

tbc  ordinary  estj&lisfament  6f  tJie  navy  for  deven 
onths,  coramcncLng  16th  instant  -    . 

die  extra  ditto  —  .  -  '-  * 

&e  tcaMport  service  and  maintenance  of  prisoners 
war  -  -  -      ■ 

the  mafttttenanGe  of  sick  prisoners  of  war 
Bik  increase  of  half-pay  to  comhiissiancd  totfficers, 
d  of  additional  pay  to  warnuit  officers  xif? the  narpy, 
r  six  mWDths,  cx)nimencing  1st  July 


306,1233    o    o 
SoQ^iS  IS,    I 

i2,0Q0     O    O 


30,000    O     O 


11,823,5710  1*2  6 


ARMY. 


'<*r 


NdVfflpnber  14/1-801.  "' 
SS,'fdB  kiien  be  enftploj'>edifor  iatid  service,  -In : 
reat  Britain,  Jersey,  Guernsey,  and  Alderney,  in- 
ading  7,175  invalids,  froiti  25di  December  1801, 
24tfa  March  1802, both  inclusive,  being.j^Odays,* 
:  VBQOQt^jdkcu  be  employed  fer  land  service  in  Ire-  - 
OKl^nkidvuling  60l  invalids,  from  25tlii)ec.:  iSOl,. 
2iM^Jttarch  ld02.        -  i. .     •  ^   .  


Ftf 


.S76         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

For  58,718  men  for  guards,  garrisons,  and  other  land 

forces,  in  Great  Britain,  Jersey,  Guernsey,  and  Al-  £        s.     € 

demey  -  .  -  -       557,49g  l6 '  : 

For  18,6(50  men  for  land  forces  in  Ireland         -        -       1^7,727  10  "  'i 

For  forces  in  plantations,  including  Gibraltar,  Mi- 
norca, Malta,  Cape  of  (xood  Hope,  and  New  South 
Wales  ...  -       634,231     2    ; 

For  four  troops  of  dragoons,  and  seventeen  companies 
of  foot,  stationed  in  Great  Britain,  for  recruiting 
regiments  serving  in  East  India  -  -  9,^70  14    3 

For  contingencies  for  land  forces,  for  watch  coats  for  ' 

infantry,andofextraforageforcavalry,iuGreatBritain        95,000    O    ii 

For  contingencies  for  land  forces  in  Ireland  -         .  3,964    6   i 

For  general  and  staff  officers,  and  officers  of  hospitals  - 

in  Great  Britain,  Guernsey,  Jersey,  and  Aldeniey  21,000    6    ^ 

For  embodied  militia,  and  fencible  infantry  in  Great  '" 

Britain  -  -  -  -       379,178  ig  '  ^ 

For  ditto,  ditto  in  Ireland  -  -  -       346,205     7  '• 

For  contingencies  for  ditto  in  Great  Britain  -  12,500/  0  -| 

For  ditto,  for  ditto  in  Ireland  -  -  -  8,769    4 

For  full  pay  to  supernumerary  officers  -  -  6,253  IT*    ■ 

For  allowances  to  the  paymaster-general,  commissary-  \-^ 

general  of  the  musters,  judge- advocate-general,  &c.  •■'i 

in  Great  Britain  .  .  •         27,256'  '0'  *j 

For  subsistence  to  innkeepers,  &:c.  on  quartering  sol-  '    'f, 

diers,  and  allowance  to  the  land  forces  in  Great  I 

Britain  for  small  beer  -  -  -       105,000    0  : 

For  reduced  officers  of  knd  forces  and  marines   in  .'     ; 

Great  Britain,  to  one  private  gentleman  of  reduced  .1 

■      horse  guards,  and  to  one  superannuated  gentleman  ■      '; 

of  tlie  horse  guards  -  -  .-         34,273  I9  «« 

For  half-pay  and  allowances  to  reduced  officers  of  Bri- 
tish American  forces  -  -  -  14,794..10 » 

For  reduced  officers  of  Scotch  brigade  -  -  246?  It J^ 

For  in  and  out-pensioners  of  Chelsea  hospital,  and  ex- 
penses of  hospital  -  -  _         36,651.  1  St 

For  pensions  to  widows  of  officers  of  land  forces  in 

Great  Britain  -  -  -  5,292    7 

For  volunteer  corps  of  cavalry  and  infantry  in  Great 

Britain  -  -  -  -        180,QOO    O  " 

For  ditto  in  Ireland  -  -  -        108,366    9  ] 

For  the  barrack  department  in  Great  Britain  -       146,166    O 

For  foreign  corps  in  the  service  of  Great  Britain         -       1 17,969  19-.' 


1 


December  I. 

To  defray  the  extraordinary  services  of  the  army  in  ;    i 

Great  Britain                -                    -                    -  600,000    O  ^ 

Ditto ditto  . ,,. .  in  Ireland            .          •          .  300,000  •  -O   « 

For  oKtra  £aa:age  for  cavalry  in  IreUad      .    »           «•  46,606   jB  v 


;r. 

s. 

d. 

1,722 

15 

6 

C,l57 

IB 

2 

1,267 

11 

11 

13,863 

9 

I 

APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE.-  •        577 

For  allowances  to  tlie  muster-ma*tei*»-general  and  otiier 
principal  officers  in  Ireland  ' 

For  half-pay  and  allowances  to  reduced  officers,,  and 
retired  chaplains  of  the  land  forces  in  Ireland 

For  pensions  to  widows  of  officers  of  the  land  forces 
in  Ireland  -  -  -  - 

For  general  and  staff*-officers,  including  the  perma- 
nent allowances  of  the  medical  board  in  Ireland 

For  medicines,  bedding,  and  hospital  contingi^ncies  for 
the  forces  in  Ireland,  and  for  the  royal  military  in- 
I         firmary  in  Dublin  -  -•  -  5,555  I9     2 

For  the  in  and  out-pensioners  and  internal  expenses 
of  Kilmainham  hospital  -  -  14,148     O     2 

For  the  barrack  department  in  Ireland  -  -         88,892     6     2 

For  allowance  to  forces  in  Ireland  for  small  beer  25,133  17     9 

For  ditto  to  ditto  while  on  a  march  -  -  2,307   13   U 

Fcbmary  8,   1802. 
For  defraying  the  extraordinary  expenses  of  the  army 
notfio  provided  for  in  1801  -  -  ^    1,847,174    0    O 

IMarch  4. 

That  61,176  Bicn  be  employed  for  land  service  in 
Great  Britain,  Jersey,  Guernsey,  and  Alderney,  in- 
cluding 7,175  invalids,  from  25th  March  to  24th 
May  1802,  both  inclusive. 

That  23,269  men  be  employed  for  land  service  in  Ire- 
land, including  661  invalids,  from  25th'  March, 
to  24th  May  1 802. 

For  guards  and  garrisons,  and  other  land  forces,  in 
Great  Britain,  Jersey,  Guernsey,  and  Alderney 

For  land  forces  in  Ireland  -  -  - 

For  forces  in  plantations,  including  Gibraltar,  Mi- 
norca, Malta,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  New  South 
"Wales  -  -  -  - 

For  four  troops  of  dragoons  and  seventeen  companies 
of  foot,  stationed  in  Great  Britain,  for  recmiting  re- 
giments serving  in  East  India 

For  fencible  infantry  in  Great  Britain 

Ditto  ....  ditto  ....  in  Ireland 

For  the  barrack  department  in  Great  Britain 

Ditto  in  Ireland  _  _  - 

For  foreign  corps  in  the  service  of  Great  Britain 

May  13. 
.That  61,176  men  be   employed  for  land,  service  in 
Oreat    Britain,    Jersey,    Guernsey,    and     Alder-  • 

Vol.  XLIV.  P  p  .  .  derney. 


393,577 

120,42:^ 

9 
10 

4 
2 

3S6fi57 

11 

11 

6  351 

5 

3 

40, 1  bif 
84,013 
90,Od4 
5<i,ii07 
75,511 

7 

7 
0 

13 
0 

10 

/ 
0 

11 

0 

578        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

(Jcrney,  including  7y\75   imalids  from  25th  May 

instant  to  24th  June  following,  both  days  inclusive. 
That  23,269  men  be  employed  for  land  service  in  Ire- 
land, including  66I  invalids  for  same  time,  jf .         s.    iL 
For  guards,  garrisons,  and  other  land  forces  in  Great 

Britain,  &c.  -  ...        202,555   15     2 

For  land  forces  in  Ireland  -  -  -         61,198  i(S    8 

Ditto   in  plantations,   including  Gibraltar,   Minorca, 

]Malta,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  new  South  Wales         196,49s     2     5 
For  fcncible  infantry  in  Great  Britain  -  -         24,424    2    4, 

Ditto  in  Ireland  ...  -  42,695     6    & 

June  10. 
That  70,299  men  be  employed  for  land  service  in  the 

united  kingdom  of  Great  Eritain^and  Ireland,  from 

25th  instant  to  Dec.  24  following,  both  inclusive. 
F(^r  guards,  garrisons,  and  other  land  forces  in  Great 

Britain  -  -  -  -        764,391     3     Q 

For  land  forces  in  Ireland  .  -  -        439,035  I6     1 

For  ditto,  in  Plantations,  including  Gibraltar,  Ceylon, 

aiid  New  South  Wales  .  -  -        352,844     1     1 . 

For  four  troops  of  dragoons  and  seventeen  companies 

of  foot,  in  Great  Britain,  recruiting  for  regiments 

serving  in  Ea^t  India,  from  25th  March  to  24th  June  3,227  13     9 

Ditto  ....  from  25th  of  June  to  24th  December  17>299    Q     O 

For  recruiting  and  contingrncies  for  land  forces  in 

Great  Britain  -  -  -  -         77,500    0    O 

Ditto  ....  and  for  extra  forage  for  caralry  in  Ireland       174,000    O    O 
For  general  and  .^taff  ofHccrs,  and  officers  of  hospitals 

in  Great  Britain,  from  25  March  to  24  June  ^  13,847     0     O 

Ditto  ....  from  25  June*,  to  24  December  -  17/232  16  lO 

Ditto  ....  in  Ireland,  from  25  March  to  24  June  13,868     9     1 

Ditto  ....  ditto  ....  from  24  June  to  24  December  7,981   12     4 

For  full  pay  to  supernumerary  officers  in  Great  Britain, 

from  25  March  to  24  December  -  -  27,754     4  11 

Ditto  ....  in  Ireland,  from  25  June  to  24  December  1,200    0    0 

For  allowances  to  the  paymaster  general,  secretaiy  at 

war,  &c.  kc.   in  Great  Britain,  from  25  March  to 

24  December.  -  .  -  -        100,855     3  10 

Ditto  ....  to  muster-master,  &:e.  ice.  in  Ireland       -  5,191   18     4 

For  subsistence  to  inn-keepers  and  others  on  quarter- 
ing soldiers  in  Great  T'>ritain  -  -  •        140,000    O    O 
For  allowance  to  forces  in  Ireland  for  small  beer        -  60,313  16  11 
'I'o  reduced  officers  of  land  forces  and   marines  in 

Great  Britain,  from  25  March  to  26  June  -  35,035   12     3 

For  half  pay  to  reduced  officers  of  land  forces  in  Ire- 
land, from  ditto  to  ditto  -  -  .  ^,212     3    -S 
To  reduced  officers  of  land  forces  and  marines  in  Great 

Britain,  from  25  June  to  24  December         -         -       144,500    O    Q 

For. 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE.  S79 

For  half  pay  of  reduced  officers.,  of  land  forces  in  Ire-  ^ 

land,  from  25  June  to  24  December 
For  half  pay  and  allowaiiccis  to  reduced  officers  of  Bri- 

tisli  American  forces,  from  25  March  to  24  Dec. 
On  account  of  several  officers  late  in  the  service  of  the 

states  general,  ditto  to  ditto  -  -  * 

For  in  and  out  pensioners,  ^nd  intern^  expenses  of 

Chelsea  hospital,  ditto  to  ditto 
Ditto  ....  of  royal  hospital  near  Kilmainham,  ditto 

to  ditto  -  -  •  - 

For  pensions  to  widows  of  officejrs  of  land  forces  in 

Great  Britain,  ditto  to  ditto 
Ditto  ....  in  Ireland,  ditto  to  ditto 
For  defraying  the  charge  of  volunteer  corps  of  cavalry 

^nd  infantry  in  Great  Britain,  from  25  March  to 

30  April  -  -  -  - 

Ditto  ...  i  in  Ireland,  from  ditto  to  24  May 
For    ban*ack    department    in    Great    Britain,    from 

25  May  to  24  December  -  -  - 

Ditto  ....  in  Ireland,  ditto  to  ditto 
For  foreign  corps  in  service  of  Great  Britain,  from 

ditto  to  ditto  -  -  .  - 

For    hospital  contingencies    in    Ireland,    from    ditto 

to  ditto  -  -  -  - 

June  15. 
For  defraying  tlie  extraordinary  services  of  the  army 
in  great  Britain  fojp  1802  -  -  -    l,CkX),000    0    0 


26,169 

s. 
4 

a. 
8 

45,205 

9 

; 

753 

8 

5 

156,511 

11 

2 

26,193 

• 

4 

0 

16,171 
3,873 

2 

4 

2 
0 

• 

72,000 
68,926 

•0 
19 

0 

9 

297,184 
136,990 

0 

1 

0 
10 

321,800 

14 

0 

16,191 

14 

10 

jf.  12,238,282  13     Q 
1 

MILITIA. 


.«lHBrti.M 


March  25,  1802. 

For   the  embodied  militia  of    Great   Britain,  frortf 

25  March  1802,  to  24  May,  both  inclusive  -        238,000    O    0 

Ditto  ....  in  Ireland                 -                 .  -        135,6^2     6    2 

■  The  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  re-embodied  mili- 

.     tia,  from  August  3,   1801^  to  December  24,  1801, 

inclusive                 .                 ^                 .  -        114,000    O    O 


jC.  437,692    6    2 

oBdna^^ce. 

Nm^eviher  14,   1801^ 

Fpr  ordnance  for  land  service  in  Great  Britain  ^      400,000    O    O 

For  ditto  in  Ireland              •              .        -    -      •  .*        7^,000    0    0 

^-.                                                                   P  p  a  V                 Marck 


f 


580        ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802; 

March  18,   1802.  £.         s.  JL 
For  orrlnance  for  land  service  for  April  and  May  1802, 

in  Great  Britain               -              -             -             .  266,666  13     4 

Ditto  ...  .  in  Ireland                -                 -                 .  5O,00O    O    O 

May  11. 

For  ordnance  for  land  service  in  Great  Britain  133,336     6    8 

Ditto  ....  in  Ireland                ...  25,000    O    0 

June  10. 
For  ordnance  for  li.nl  service  for  six  months,  from 

July  1  to  Dec.  31                   -                 -                 -  272,266     C)     J 

Ditto  .  .  .  .  not  provided  for  in  1800              *             -  17,083     3     4- 

Ditto  ....  ditto  ....  1801               -              -              -  102,917     5     9 
Vo\'  ditto  in    Ireland  for  six  months,  from  July  1   to 

December  31                    -                    -                 -  53,0/6  18     S 


£,  1,395,351   17     I 


MISCELLANEOUS  SERVICES. 

November  20,   1801.. 
F<Tn  the  relief  of    the  siid'e.rip.g  clergy  and  laity  of 

Frsiice,  and  American  loy:'.U.s».s              .  -                 -  69,000  0  d 

Fyr  F<;rc!!jn  and  other  secret  services              -              -  35,000  0  O 

For  dciVaying  expenses  of  convicts                  -             -  8,000  O  O- 

Fmj  foreign  and  other  secret  services              -               -  12^500  0  0 

November  24. 
To  n^ike  good  money  i&sucd  for  Uie  purchase  of  build- 

iiij^s  ioY  the  accommodation  of  parliament  -  300     0    O 

J)ltlo  ....  for  publishing  tiie  price  of  sugar  and  rice  46O  10    O 

Ditto  ....  for  preparing  abstracts  of  population         -  100     0     O 

Ditto  ....  for  additional  allowances  to  clerks  in  the 

ollicc  for  auditing  public  accounts  -  -  2,707  18     O 

Dulu  ....  to  defray  expeiises  of  extending  the  esta- 

lli.Jiiiient  of  Thames  police  criice  -  -  1,500     0    O 

I>it.<>  ....  for  triking  an  account  of  the  population  135  14^   O 

D;lv>  ....  tov/ards  carrying  into  eftcci  a  plan  for  in- 

qiiirin^  into  the  mendicity  of  ihc  metropolis  -  500     0    O 

i)it:u  ....  for  expanses  at  the  parliament  otHce         -  354  11     0 

iJitu.  ....  to  tiie   chairman  of  committees  of  the 

hiivise  ofpeers         -  -  -  -         2,701     9     0 

Ditto  ....  to  Mr.  I'hornton,  for  attendance  on  com- 

m:>>io:iers  r&jpecting  Cold  liatli  prison  -  99  11     ^. 

DiUo  '  X  ^i<^  repairs  of  the  harbour  of  Port  Patrick  47\  14    « 

i>ittv  ,  .  .  .to*  pay  artili£er^  at  both  housctt  of  parlia- 

.It  -  .  --  w        MfiGO    0     O 

Ditt» 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE.  S85 

Ditto  ....  to  pay  llie  expense'  of  tlic  passage  of  Mr. 

Rudd  and  family  to  Quebec  -  -  130  11     O 

Ditto  .  4  .  .  pursuant  to  addresses  -  -        14^049  14     O 

,  December  1. 

For  defraying  the  expense  of  Pratique  in  the  port  of 

Dublin  -  (Sterling)  -  240  18     5^ 

Ditto  ....  of  civil  buildings  in  Ireland  -  -  7,384  12     O 

Ditto  ....  of  apprehending  public  offenders  in  Ire- 
land -  ...  5jG  18     5  J 

Ditto  ....  likely  to  be  incurred  by  the  solicitor  of 

•  criminal  causes  in  Ireland  -  -  5,76g    4    4 J 

Ditto  ....  the  expense  of  proclamations  and  adver- 
tisements in  the  Dublin  Gazette  -  -  1,620  18     4  J 

Ditto  ....  of  printing  certain  statutes  in  Ireland        -  Stig  12     3^ 

Ditto  ....  the  expense  of  printing,  stationan',  and 
other  disbursements,  for  the  public  oliices  in  Ire- 
land -  -  -  -  4,541    10     7l 

Ditto  ....  the   incidental  expenses  of  the  board  of 

treasury  in  Ireland  -  -  -  46J   10    9 

Ditto  ....  the  expense  of  building  further  offices  for 
the  records  of  Ireland,  and  to  discharge  sums  due  for 
building  courts  of  justice  -  -  1,384  12     S 

To  be  paid  to  the  trustees  of  the  linen  and  hempen 

manufactures  in  Ireland  -  -  4,984  12     l^ 

Ditto  ....  to  the  board  of  first  fruits  in  Ireland,  for 
building  and  rebuilding  churches  -  -  1,153   16  lOj 

Ditto  ....  to  the  Dublin  society,  for  promoting  hus- 
bandry and  other  useful  arts  -  -  1,26q    4     6-^ 

To  be  applied  towards  completing  additional  buildings 
at  the  repository  of  the  Dublin  society  in  Hawkins's 
street,  and  Botanic-garden  at  Glass-Nevin,  with 
the  approbation  of  his  excellency  the  lord  lieutCKant  1,038     9     2 

Ditto  ....  in  promoting  the  purposes  of  the  fiirming 

societies  in  Ireland  -  -  4(il    10     Q 

To  be  paid  to  the   corporation  for  paving,  cleansing, 

and  lighting  the  city  of  Dublin  -  -         2,30/  13     9 

Ditto  ....  to  tlie  commissioners  for  making  wide  and 

convenient  streets  in  Dublin  -  -  1,038     Q     2 

For  defraying  tlie  charge  of  the  incorporated  society  in 
Dublin,  for  promoting  English  protestant  schools  in 
Ireland  -  -  4,552  13  ,  ll 

Ditto  ....  of  the  FonuiUing  hospital  in  Ireland  -  3,4()1   10     7* 

Ditto  ....  of   the    Hibernian    marine    nursery    for 

sailors*  children  -  -  461   10    Q 

Ditto  ....  of  supporting  tlie  Westmoreland  Lock 
hospital  in  Dublin  -  -  1,545     4    (3^ 

Ditto  ...  .  of  the  HibeCPiilP  school  for  soldiers*  chil- 
dren in  Dublin  •  -  913  \6    lOj 

F  P  3  pitta 


582         ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 

Pitlo  ....  of  the  Roman  .C.iibolic  seminary  in  ditto  1,646     3     Q 

Ditto  .  .  .  .  ot   supporting  Liie    house  of  industry  for 

relief  of  the  .mv  in  ditto  -  -  3,808     2  10} 

Ditto  ...  of  the  soeiety  for  promoting  the  know- 
ledge and  practice  of  tiic  Christian  religion  in 
ditto  -  -  -  69    4     7 

Ditto    .  .  .  ci  the  female  Orphan  house  near  Dublin  , 

for  deserted  female  chilJi  en  -  -  115     7     S 

February  8,  1802, 
For  discharging  the  navy  debt  -  -  2,000,000    O    Q 

March  25. 

To  make  good  money  paid  for  salaries  of  otncers,  and 
incM.cntnl  expenses  of  tlie  commisiiion  for  reduction 
of  the  national  debt  -  -  -  2,86o  15     O 

Ditto  ...  .  for  the  one-third  pnrt  of  the  annuity  of 
1(},000/.  payable  to  the  duke  of  Richmond,  pursuant 
to  an  act  of  39th  and  40th  Geo.  III.  -  -     144,611     '2     Q 

Ditto  ....  to  tlie  oliicers  of  the  exchequer,  for  extra 

trouble  in  making  out  exchequer  bills  -       '    -  500     O     Q 

Ditto  ...  to  die  Bank  of  Kndfind  for   discount  on 

prompt  paymenti  to  the  loan  and  loiter}^ for  ISO!  458,514     8     7 

Ditto    ....   to  ditto  for  receiving  the  contributions 

to  tiie  loan,  and  subscriptions  to  tlie  lotteiy  for  1801       23,562     3     4 

Ditto  .  .  .  .\  for  the  incidental  expenses  of  the  lot- 
tery for   1801  -  -  -  1,500     p    q 

To  ii:deiT:nify  lord  St. Vincent,  and  lord  Grey,  late  com-  .         ■ 

mandcrs  in  chief  in  the  West  Indies,  on  account  of 
decrees  against  them  in  the  high  court  of  admiralty, 
for  the  detention  of  American  ships  at  the  capture 
of  xviartinique,  and  other  places  in  the  West  Indies         45,332  17     6 

To  make  good  the  delicic  ney  of  the  ] sum  of  1 ,200,000/. 
grunted  out  of  the  duties  on  goods  imported  and  ex- 
ported, and  on  tonnage  on  ships  and  vessels  for  1801     410,000    O    Q 

March  29. 
For   ecfraying  the  expenses  of  Palrique  in  the  port 

oi'  Duljlin,  for  nine  montlis         -         (Sterling.)    - 
Ditto  ....  of  apprehending  public  offenders 
Ditto  ....  for  criiiiinal  pn^sccutions 
Ditto  ....  of  pr«K:lamations  and   advertisements  in 

the  Dublin  Gazette  -  -  - 

Ditto  ...  .  of  printing  and  other  disbursements  in  tlie 

public  olfices  -  -  - 

DIllo  ....  of  the  treasury 

Dit$e> 


726  0 

1,730  15 
17,307  14 

2 

4| 
l| 

4,805   1 

H 

13,625   I 
1,384  12 

4 

4 

APPEWI3C  to  the  CHRONICLE.  583 

Ditto  .  •  .  .  of  building  furtiier  offices  for  the  records  £^      s»     d, 

of  Irelan4,  and  for  diactegiixg  siwus  due  for  bujld- 
iqg  courts  of  justice  -  -  -  4,1531/0 

Ditto  ....  of  working  the  gold  mine  in  Wicklow  1,846    3     1 

Ditto.  .  .  .  of  clotliing  the  battle-ajce  guardij  -  683     1     6 

To  be  paid  to  the  Dnblin  society,  for  proniQting  hus- 
bandry and  other  useful  arts  ...         3,807  13  11 5 

To  be  applied  towards  completing  additional  buildings 
at  the  repository  of  the  Dublin  society  in  Hawkim's 
street,  and  botanic  garden  at  Glass-Nevin,  Ike,  3,115     7    9 

For  defraying  the  charge  tq  he  incurred  by  the  farming 
.  society  .  .  -  -  1^384  12    4 

Ditto  ....  of  the  society  for  promoting  English  pro- 

testant  schools  in  Ireland  -  _  -        13,505     7     9i 

Ditto  .  .  .  .  of  tlie  Foundling  hospital  in  Dublin        -        12,692    6    3| 

Ditto  .  , .  .  of  the    Hibernian    marine   nursery  for 

sailors*  children  -  -  -  1,532  18     Q^ 

Dittp  ....   of  the   Hibernian  school    for    soldiers* 

children  -  .  -  -  3,240    0      ;| 

Ditto  ....  of  supporting  theWeslmoreland  Lock  hos- 
pital in  Dublin  n  -  .  4,1 64  1.8    .6^ 

Ditto  ....  of  tiie  Roman  catholic  seminar)'  in  ditto  5,53iJ     9    4 

Ditto  ....  of  supporting  tlie  house  of  industr}''  for 

relief  of  the  poor  iti  ditto  ^  -  ^        J3,l67     3     Of 

For  defraying  tlie  charge  of  the  society  for  promoting 
the  knowledge  and  practice  of  the  Cluistian  religion 
in  Ireland  -  -  -  -  553  16  ll| 

Ditto  ....  of  the  ft^male  oq>han-house,  near  Dub« 

liti,  for  deserted  female  children  -         -  ,         •      346     3  1 

Ditto  ....  of  fitting  up  and  supporting  a  penitentiary 

or  house  of  reform  in  Dublin,  for  young  criminal  1,869     4     7i 

March  30. 

To  discharge  the  debts  duo  and  owing  upon  die  civil 

list  on  the  fifdi  day  of  January,  1802.  -  -      990,053     Q    0 

April  ^. 

To  make  good  the  sum  paid  for  repairs  at  Port  Patrick  471   14    O 

Ditto  ....  for  preparing  abstracts  of  population  500    O     O 

Ditto  ....  for  continuing  tiie  index  tathe  Journals  of 

the  house  of  lords  -  -  -  ^55     5     O 

Ditto  ....  to  commissioners  for  superii^tending  \hc 
arrangement  for  the  restitution  of  the  Danish  co- 
lonies -  -  -  - 

Ditto  ...  .  for  copies  of  the  abstracts  of  the  popida- 
tion  of  England  and  Wales       ,     -  -'  -^ 

DiKo  ....  for  additional  allowance  to  the  clerks  in 
office  for  auditing  tlie  public  accounts 

Ditto  .  .  .to  Edward  Coinian,  esq.  sergeant  at  anns 
attending  the  house  of  commons,  in  reinbursement " 

PP4  Of 


27s 

7 

0 

125 

1.3 

6 

2,040 

10 

6 

584.        ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1802. 

of  tlie  expenses  attending  his  removal  from  his  late  £,    s.     d. 

house  in  Exchequer-court  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  public  -  -  -  -  .  324  10    O 

Ditto  ....  to  pay  bills  drawn  on  account  of  New 
South  Wales,  due  in  1801,  being  the  excess  of 
the  sum  granted  for  tliat  purpose  -  •    -        10^530     4     3 

Ditto  ....  to  pny  a  bill  drawn  by  the  consul  at  Algiers, 
for  expenses '.Incurred  on  account  of  223  persons, 
including  a  Corsican  crew  taken  under  English  co- 
lours previous  to  the  I'^iigHsh  quitting  Corsica  1,121     O     O 
DJ!to  .  .  .  .  for  publishing  in    the  Ixjndon   Gazette, 
wc.'  kly,    returns  of  the  average  price  of  Musco- 
vado sugar             -                 -                 -                 -        439,14     O    O 
Ditto  .  .  .  .to  the  late  governor  of  New  South  Wales, 
i'ov  ^.  xpenses  in  providing  necessary  supplies  for  the 
ccnsiiinption  on  his  voyage  home  from  that  colony  324     Q    0 
Ditto     ...  to  new  settlers  on  their  departure  for  the 

col. .riy  of  New  South  Whales         -  -  -  78     0     O 

Eor  «i'  frayin*:;  theeharge  incurred  for  prosecutions,  &c. 

relating  to  tl-.c  coin  -  -  -  2,824     4     O 

i'it    ;  .  .  .  .of  the  expenses  likely  to  be  incurred  for 

confining  and  maintaining  the  convicts  at  home     -       31,024.    0    O 
Ditto  ....  of  the  superintendence  of  aliens  -  7>^20    O    O 

To  uKike  ;;ood  to  the  consolidated  fund, the  like  sum 
jviid  for  bounties  on  corn  and  grain  imported  to  the 
20tli  March  1802  -  -  -  -  1,620,218  19 

f  For  tliC  civil  establishment  of  Upper  Canada  7>950    O 

Ditto of  Nova  Scotia  -  -  7*515     8 

Ditto of  New  Brunswick         -  -  4,650    O 

Ditto of  Prince  Edward  island  -  2,194     4 

i^itto of  Cape  Breton  -  -  3,598     4 

Ditto of  Newfoundland  -  -  1,375  17 

Ditto of  tlie  Baliama  islands  -  4,100     O 

Ditto of  the  Bermuda  or  Somers  islands  580    O    O 

Ditto of  the  island  of  Dominica  -  600    O    O 

LDilto of  New  South  Wales  -  5,908     O    O 

April  10. 

For  defraying  the  charge  of  civil  buildings  in  Ireland  15,692     6    6 

Ditto  ....  of  the  office  of  secretary  to  the  commis- 
sioners of  charitable  donations  in  Ireland  -  276  18     6 

To  be  paid  to  the  board  of  first  fruits  in  Ireland   for 

building  and  rebuilding  churches  ■?  -  3,46l   10  10 

Ditto  .  . '.  .  to  tlie  trufttecs  of  the  linen  and  hempen 

manufacture  '-    .  -  -  -        14,953   1.7     3 

I'or  defraying  the  expense  of  the  fever  hospital  in 

Dublin  -  -     ^        -  -  -  1,384  12     8J 

I'o  be;  paid  to  the  commissioners  for  making  wide  and 
convenient  streets  m  Dublin   .       .        -  -         3,115     7     Sj 

Ditto 


tr. 

«— ' 
.-^ 

O 


!<: 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE-  JSS 

Ditto  ....  to  the  corporation,for  paving,  cleansing  and  £        s.  d. 

lighting  the  city  of  Dubli^  -         .   -  -         d,93a     1     6| ' 

.       April  2(>. 
To  tKfc  dnke  of  Sussex  *  -  .        13,000    O    O 

Ditto  .  .  .  .Cambridge  -  -     '  ■         -        12,000    O    O 

May  27. 
For    the   rdief  of  tlie  suffering  clergy   and  laity  of 
France,   Toulonese,   and   Corsican  emigrants,   St. 
Domingo  sufferers,  and  American  loyalists  -      173,535   .0    O 

June  3. 

To  b^  paid  to  Pj.  Jenner,  as  a  reward  for  promul- 
gating his  discoveries  of  the  vaccine  innoculation 

Ditto  ....  to  Mr.  Greathead  for  his  invention  of  the 
life-boat  ..  -  -  - 

June  10. 

For  defraying  the  charge  of  the  royal  military  collcore 

For    completing  the  buildings  of  the   royal  militiry 

asylum  at  Chelsea  for  tlie  reception  of  the  chilchen 

of  soldiers  .  .     _ 

For   paying  otT  and  discharging  treasury  bills  within 

the  year  (Sterling) 

For  defraying  the  expense  of  compiling,  printing,  and 
binding  the  eightli  vol.  of  the  Journals  of  the  house 
of  lords  of  Ireland,  and  index  tliereto 
For  ciischarging  the  sums  remaining  unpaid  on  account 
of  printing  and  binding  1500  copies  of  the  new  edi- 
tion of  the  Journals  of  the  house  of  commons  of 
Ireland  -  -  -  -  - 

Ditto  ....  to  the  perf^ons  employed  in  ])reparing  a 
new  edition  of  the  Journ-ils  of  die  hou>e  of  conmions 
of  Ireland,  for  making  indexes  to  the  several  vo- 
lumes, and  a  general  index  to  tlie  whole  work 
Tp  be  paid  to  the  accountant-general  for  his  expense 
and  trouble  in  preparing  and  stadng  the  public  ac- 
counts of  Ireland  -  -  . 
Ditto  ....  to  the  deputy  accountant-general  for  ditto, 

for  one  year  ending  January  5,  1803 
Ditto  ....  to    the   paymaster   of  corn    b6unties   in 
Ireland  -  -  -  - 

.Ditto  ....  tocxaminator  of  ditto 
Ditto  ....  to  the  ins.pector-general  of  imports  and 

exports,  for  preparing  accounts  of  same  in  Ireland 
Ditto  ....  to  tlie  tirst  clerk  in  ofBce  of  ditto  for  ditto 


10,000 

0 

0 

1,300 

0 

0 

0,369 

0 

0 

1 

13,000 

0 

0 

3/2,138 

9 

3 

3,334 

4 

71 

0>95l 

18 

^1 

3,584 

13 

4 

313   16 

11 

321 

10 

9 

738 
184 

9 

13 

3 
4 

2^0 
184 

15     5 
13     4 
DiltQ 

^86 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


Ditto  ....  to  fxp.minator  of  excise  for  preparing  ac- 
counts for  parliament  _  -  - 

Pitlo  ....  to  clvik  in  the  office  of  auditor  of  ex- 
theqiicr  fur  ditto  -  -  -  . 


184 


12     4 


184  12     4 


Jnne  12. 

To  romplcfe  the  s;iiti  of  3,100,000/.  granted  cut  of 
the  monies  that  should  arise  from  the  surplus  of 
thti  consolidated  fund,  for  the  year  IfeOl 

For  defraying  the  probable  amount  of  bills  drawn  and 
to  be  drawn  from  the  settlement  at  New  South 
"Wales,  and  which  may  become  due  in  tlic  course  of 
the  year  _  -  -  - 

To  make  good  the  sum  paid  for  bounties  on  com,  &c. 
in  Scotland,  to  5tli  April  -  - 

For  defraying  the  charge  of  the  works  and  repairs  of 
militar}'  roads  and  bridges  in  Scotland 

For  the  board  of  agriculture  -  -  - 

For  the  support  of  the  veterinary  college 

To  enable  the  trustees  of  the  British  Museum  to  carry 
on  the  trusts  r  .  -  - 

To  be  ad\'anced  to  the  governor  and  company  of  mer-r 
chants  of  England  trading  into  the  Levant  seas,  to 
assist  said  company  in  carrying  on  their  trade 

To  be  paid  to  Mr.  Edwards,  for  the  like  sum  advanced 
by  him  towards-  the  loan  for  the  year  1795,  and 
which  became  forfeited  to  the  public  by  acciden- 
t^dly  omitting  to  make  the  future  payments 

For  the  civil  establishment  of  Sierra  Leone       -         t. 

For  defraying  the  expense  of  completing  the  repairs  of 
St.  Margaret,  Westminster  -  - 

Ditto  .    ,  ,  »  of  yeomanry  in  Ireland  •? 


-  3,7;0,O8O  17  10|  ; 


June   14. 


To  lord  Hutchinson 


June  15. 

The  amount  of  the  valuation  of  the  Dutch  ships  which 
.surrendered  to  his  majesty's  fleet  under  the  com- 
mand of  vice-admiral  sir  Andrew  Mitchell,  at 
the  New  Deep,  on  the  30th  of  August  1799 

For  repairing,  &c.  Biitiih  forts  and  settlements  on 
the  coast  of  Africa  -  -  - 

For  foreign  and  otlier  secret  services  for  nine  montlis, 
from  1st  April  1802  to  1st  January  1803 

Being  the  excess  in  the  year  ending  5th  January  1802, 
beyond  the  sum  limited  by  an  act  of  32d  Geo.  III.  as 
the  annual  charge  for  tlie  expenses  of  the  seven 
police  oiiices  -  -  ^  - 


30,000 

22,082 

6,012 
3,000 
1,500 


1,108 
10,000 


3 


4,500 
0,000 


o  o 

9  H 

14  1 

o  o 

0  o 


3,000     O     O 


5,000    O    O 


1(5    O  3 
Q    O 

O     O" 

O    O 

» 


2;,ooo    0   # 


199.912 

H 

7 

i 

20,000 

0 

0 

1 

90,000 

0 

1 

1,290 

4 

0 

For 

1 
1 

■■' 

/ 

• 
* 

% 

APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE.  5S7 

For  defrnytng  the  expenses  of  Ihc  prosecution  of  Geo.    ^ 

StrBtt)0a,  esq.  and  others,  for  deposing  lord  Pigot,  JC,      s.    d» 

and  usurping  tlie  govemnxent  q£  fort  St.  George,  in 

the  East  Indies  -  -  -  -  1,184  10    / 

Ditto  incurred  by  the  Sierra  Leone  company  for  Ma- 
roons which  were  sent  there  from  Halifax  -         5,903  19    8 

Tor  defraying  the  expenses  of  tlie  commission  under 

the  6th  and  7th  articles  of  tlie  American  treaty  1 1,943    7    O 

For  ditto  ....  incurred  in  printing  tlie  54th  and  55th 
volumes  of  the  Journals  of  the  house  of  commous, 
-with  the  indexes  thereto  _  -  .         4,605    Q    5 

Tor  ditto  ....  likely  to  be  incurred  for  ]irinting  the 
Journals,  Votes,  Bills,  and  other  p-jpcrs  of  the  house 
of  commons,  including  two  volumes  of  population 

,    returns  -  -  -  -  . 

3?or  ditto  ....  incurred  under  the  directions  of  the 
commissioners  appointed  by  bis  majesty  for  publish- 
ing the  records  of  the  kingdom 

For  ditto  ....  of  taking  an  account  of  tlie  population 
of  Great  Britain  -  .  - 

^  Ditto  ....  incurred  in  tlie  alterations  and  repairs  of 
both  houses  of  parliament  and  of  tiie  house  of  the 
speaker  of  the  house  of  commons        -        -        -         19,991     1  II 

pitto  ....  incurred  in  the  alterations  that  were  neces- 
sary'' on  the  change  of  the  apartments  allotted  to  the 
office  of  the  ducliy  of  Cornwall  in  Somerset -place  69S  12     5 

pitto  ....  incurred  in  the  repairs  of  the  Fleet  prison  302  13     l^ 

For  defraying  the  civil  contingent  charges  ior  the 
serv^ice  of  Ireland  for  1602,  of  vvhich  ito  estimate 
f ai/now  he  aiade  •         .  -  ,         50,000    o    O 

" i 

^.11.177,917  10  9i 


12,000    Q 

0 

4,727  18 

4 

^12  19 

8 

NATIONAL  DEBT.     ' 

April  5,  1S02. 
To  the  bank  of  England,  to  be  by  them  placed  to  the 
account  of  the  commissioners  for  reduction  of  the 
national  debt  -  -  -  200,000    0    0 

EXCHEQUER  BILLS. 

November  14,  1801. 
For  paying  off  exchequer  bills  made  out  by  virtue  of 
act   3g  and  40  Geo.  III.  for  raisuig  £  3,500,000 
thereby  -  -  -  .    -        3^500,000    O    (^ 

Ditto' 


.SS8        ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1802.         -    4 

Ditto  ....  by  virtiir  of  an   act  of  same   session     for  £.,  s.    4i    \ 

raising  X 3. 00(),C)00         -  -  .  3,000,000  O    O 

Ditto  ....  by  ditto  of  last  session  for  raising  the  sum 

of  ±  2,000,000  -  -  .  3,000,000  O     O 

Ditto  .  .  .  by   ditto  of  ditto   for  raising   the  sum  of 

-6  6,500,000  -  -  .  6,500,000  O     Ql 


March  25,  1802. 
For  paying  interest  on  sundry  exchequer  bills  made  out 
by  virtue  of  several    acts  of  the  Spth,  the  Spth  and 
40th,  and  tlie  41  st  Geo.  III. 


505,520    g     1 


March  25. 
For  paying  off  exchequer  bills,  made  out  by  virtue  of 

an  act  of  the  last  session  for  raising  X  3,009,000         3,000,000    6    tf 


June  12. 
For  paying  off  exchequer  bills,  made  out  by  virtue  of 
an  act  of  39th  and  40th  Geo.  III.  for  the  year  1800, 
outstanding  and  unprovided  for         "  •  1,066,493 


7  i|: 


jf,  19.5/2,013   16  3j 


JIECAPITULATION. 


Navy 

Army 

Militia 

Ordnance 

aviiscellaiicous  Ser^'icea 

National  Debt 

Exchequer  Billf 


11,833,570  12  6 

12,236,282  13  9  ' 

487,692     6  %' 

1,395,351    17  1 

11.177,917  10  9f 

-         -  200,000     O  O./ 

19.572,013   16  2i' 

■  ■  ■  *■ ' 

Total  of  supply    -    jC.  56,904,828  \6  Of; 


V^AYS 


y 


APPENDIX  'to  the  CHRONICLE.        589 


WAYS    and  MEANS  for  raifing  die  SUPPLY. 


GRANTS. 


December  1,  1801. 
far  raising  the  jitua  of  jC  5,000,000  by  exchequer  r,        s.    d, 

bills  ...  r  5,000,000    0    O 


Februarj  11,  1803. 
for  raising  £  2, 100,000  by  exchequer  bills 


For  raising  /  1,000,000  by  ditto 


March  4> 


-     2,100,000    O    Q 


«     1,000,000     0    9 


April  6. 
IcT    raising   i:  25,000,000  by  annuities,  whereof  the 
charges  of  £  23,000,000  are  to  be  defrayed  on  the 
-  part  of  Great  Britain,  and  £  20,000,000  on  the  part 
eflreland  -  -  -  -     25,000,000.    O    O 

April  26. 
That    tlie    charge   of  the    militia  in  England,  for  the. 

year,    be  defrayed  out  of  the  monies  arising  by  tlie 

land-tax. 
IChat  the  allowances  to  certain  subaltern  officers  of  the 

militia  in  time  of  peace,  for  the  year,  be  defrayed 

out  oi  tlie  same.  ,  .  .  ^ 


for  raising     555 ,000  by  lottery         •  -  - 

May  13. 
fox  raising  £  1,500,000,  steiling,  to  be  raised  by  an- 
nuites  or  debentures  for  the  service  Of  Ireland 

SThat  the  allowances  to  adjutants,  &c.  of  tlie  militia,  dis- 
embodied in  pursuance  of  act  ?.n  39  and  40  Geo.  I1I», 
be  defrayed  out  of  the  monies  arising  by  the  land-tax. 

May  21. 
'  That  the  allowance  to  certain  subaltern  officers  of  the 
mili'tia  of  Ireland  during  pt^ace,  for  the  year,  be  de- 
ica^'ed  out  of  tlie  consolidated  fund  of  Ireland.  ^ 


X  555,000     0    0 


1,500,000     0-0 


June 


i30         ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

jLine  12. 

That  there  be  issued  out  «^t*t:ie  mor-^-i  tlidL  4ijII  arise  -€.  s.    a.    4 

ot*t:ie^un)liisot':'..o  v.-..f.'!;/.itcd.^::i-.\     -  -         4,500,000     O     O    | 

To  be  ringed  bv  kiji-s  «.r  t  \ti  t(;i  ^  i  I  iV-  to  i>?  'MjrjTcd  •: 

on  the  hr-t  aids  to  be  '::ri:iteJ  i:i  t:-.^  riv:;-   se--ion  l,oCO,000     O     O    ; 

To  bo  i-'iueiloui  of  the  twoiui^ucr,  r; :.:  'ir-.i^;  tliere  of  • 

the  s-im  granted  ti^r  tiie  aaiiataiicj  or":'.:-  tjUec.i  ot  i 

PjrtUiral  .  -  -  -         po,SS6     4     8 

Ju".r  IJ. 

For  raisir:::  tlie  farther  sum  of  ^"  5,000,000  by  exche- 
quer bilU  -  -  -         -       5,0CX),000     O    O  i 

To  be  issued  the  surrViUs  of  grims  for  ISO:         -         -       114,000  id  11 

June  15.  ; 

To  be  i-siied  pur  of  tho  monies  tLit  --'i.iil   ar-e  of  the 

s  11  rp I J >  i •  f  t  he  con m  il i dated  tun d  of  I rela nd  -  650,000     O     O  ! 

To  be  iv>iied,  remaining  in  ta;c  tr.-.o'.ir}-  of  ircLmd,  of  *.  ■ 

the  grants  tor  1 795  (Irish  currei'.ey)'          -  -  30.329  IS     8- 

SurpUis  vui^scription  on  exchequer  bills  funded  -  1SO.S74     O     O 

Eitunated  dutcs,  ic.             .                 -  -  p,(x)5,737  l6    9 

Total  wars  and  means    -      jf .  56.()04,S2S  l6    # 


Taxes  imposed  in  the  Tear  1S02. 


November  21,  ISOl. 
For  granting  a  duty  on  pensions,  otlicers,  anJ.  jx^r-onal  estates  in  Cnglaxut^ 

Wales,  and  the  to^vn  of  Berwick  uptm  T\ve;.:J.. 
For  granting  duties  upon  nialt,  mum,  cyder,  :ii;d  perry. 

April  15,  1S02.  j 

Fgr  granting  certain  additional  duties  on  w  iiidi)\vs  or  lights,  and  on  inba'»    . 
biied  houses^  and  for  consolidating  the  same  w  iili  the  present  duties 
thereon. 

Anril  30. 
For  granting  certain  ndditional  duties  on  sen  ants,  carriages,  hordes,  mulcts   ■ 
and  dogs,  and  for   consolidating  tlic  same  with  the    present    duties 
tiiereon. 
For  gran  tin  j^  additional  duties  on  beer  and  ale  browed  in,  or  imported  iutoi. 
Great  Briuiin :  on  hops  grown  in,  or  imp^Vited  into,  Greiit  Britain;  and  on 
spirits  distilled  in  Ireland,  and  imported  into  Great  Britain ;  and  for  re- 
pealing certain  allowances  to  brewers  of  beer  and  ale. 

May 


.APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLir. 


591 


May  7. 
tot  granting  certain  duties  on  goods  imported  into,   an'!  exported  from^ 
Great  Britain,  and  on  the  tonnage  of  ships  and  vessels  eiitmng  outward* 
or  inwards  in  any  port  of  Great  Britain,  to  or  from  foreign  parts. 

Junes. 
tot  repealing  certain  duties  on  medicines,  and  granting  others  in  lieu 

thereof. 
For  repealing  certain  duties  on  paper,  pasteboards,,  millboards,  scaleboards, 

and  glazed  paper,  imported  into,  ©r  made  in  Great  Britain,  and  forgraut-* 

ing  other  duties  in  lieu  thereof. 

June  13. 
For  repealing  certain  duties  X)n  polices  of  insurance>  and -granting  others  m. 
lieu  thereof. 

June  26. 

Forrep3aling  duties  on  spermaceti  oil,  blubber,  train  oil,  fish  oil,  or  oil  of 
neals^  and  granting  other  duties  in  lieu  thereof — and  for  permitting  raer- 
.  chandise,  the  produce  of  any  of  tlie  colonies  ceded  to  die  French  and 
Batavian  republics,  to  be  imported  upon  payment  of  certain  duties. 

For  repealing  rates  and  duties  of  postage  upon  letters  to  and  from  Prance, 
a«d  tiie  Batavian  republic,  from  and  to  London,  and  for  granting  other. 
duties  in  lieu  thereof. 

For  granting  to  his  majesty  certain  additional  duties  on  goods  imported  int» 
and  exported  from  Ireland. 


^  List  of  the' Public  Bills  which  re- 
ceived  the  Royal  Assent  in  the 
poursc  of  the  Second  Session  of  the 
First  Parliament  of  the  United 
Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland. 

Nov.  21,  1801. 

An  act  for  continuing  and  granting 
U}  his  majesty  certain  duties  upon 
malt,  mum,  cyder,  and  perry,  for 
the  serv'ice  of  the  year  1802. 

For  continuing  and  granting  to  his 
majesty  a  duty  on  pensions,  otfices, 
ind  personal  estates,  in  England, 
Wales  and  the  town  of  Berwick 
«pon  Tweedy  and  certain  duties  on 


sugar,  malt,  tobacco,  and  snuff,  for 
the  service  of  die  year  1802. 

To  revive  and  continue  until  the 
23di  day  of  March  1803,  so  much 
of  an  act  made  in  the  41st  year  of 
the  reign  of  his  present  majesty,  a* 
relates  to  permitting  the  use  oi  salt, 
duty  free,  in  preserving  of  fish,  and 
to  discontinuing  Uie  bounty  payable 
on  white  herrings  exported ;  and  to 
indemnify  all  persons  who  have  issu- 
ed or  acted  under  any  orders  for 
delivering  salt,  duty  free,  for  the 
purposes  in  the  said  act  mentioned. 

To  repeal  an  act  made  in  Uie  41st 
year  of  die  reign  of  his  present  ma- 
jesty^ intitulcdt  "  An  act  to' prohibit, 

wntil 


S92        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


until  the.  first  day  of  October  one 
thoiisaiul  eight  hundred  and  one,  and 
from  thence  to  the  end  of  six  \\'eeks 
next  after  the  commencement  of  the 
then  next  session  of  parhament,  any 
person  or  persons  from  sclhng  any 
bread  which  shall  riOt  have  been  baked 
twenty  four  hours;"  and  to  indem- 
nify bakers  and  other  persons  who 
Imve  sold,  or  exposed  to'  sale,  any 
bread  within  tlie  time  prohibited  by 
the  said  act. 

Dec.  11,  1  SOI. 

For  granting  annuities  to  satisfy 
certain  exchequer  bills. 

For  vailing  the  sum  of  500,000/. 
by  loans  or  exchequer  bills,  for  tlie 
»er\  ice  of  the  united  kingdon  for  the 
year  1802. 

To  rectify  n  mistake  in  an  act  made 
in  the  last  session  of  j)arliament,  inti- 
tuled," An  act  for  granting  to  his  ma- 
jesty a  certain  snm  of  money  for  the 
service  of  Great  Britain,  to  be  raised 
by  a  lottery,"  and  to  amend  so  much 
of  the  said  act  as  relates  to  tlie  com- 
mencement of  tlie  drawing  of  tiie  said 
lottery. 

To  continue  until  tlie  first  day  of 
January  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
^nd  two,  so  much  of  an  act  made  in 
tlie  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  years  of 
the  reign  of  his  present  majesty,  as 
relates  to  the  reducing  the  duties 
\ipon  worts,  or  wash  brewed  or  made 
from  nielasses  or  sugar,  or  any  mix- 
ture therewith,  or  to  any  distiller  or 
distillers,  or  maker  or  makers  of 
spirits :  for  reviving  and  continuing, 
for  the  same  period,  so  much  of  llie 
said  act  as  relates  to  tlie  reduciner  and 
Veti'T  collecting  the  duties  payable 
on  tlio  importation  of  starch ;  and  for 
continuing,  for  the  same  i)eriod,  an 
set  ir.'ide  in  the  same  session  of  par- 
hamtiit  for  prohibiting  the  making  of 
low  ^J•irit>  from  wheat,  barley,  malt, 
Qi  uijuc::  aurt  of  grdiu,  or  from  any 


meal,  flour,  or  bran,  in  Scotland; 
and  so  much  of  an  act  made  in  the 
last  session  of  parliament,  as  relates 
to  the  allowing  the  distillation  of  spi- 
rits in  Scotland  from  melasses  or. 
sugar,  at  a  lower  rate  of  duty. 

To  repeal  an  act  made  in  the 
thirty-ninth  year  of  the  reign  of  his 
present  majesty,  intituled,  "An  act  to 
permit,  until  the  first  day  of  August 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  t\vo, 
tlie  importation  of  certain  naval 
stores  from  Hamburgh  and  other 
parts  of  Germany." 

To  continue,  until  the  first  day  of. 
January  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  three,  and  amend  an  act  of  the 
thirty-nintli  year  of  the  reign  of  his 
present  majesty,  for  prohibiting  the 
exportation,  and  permitting  the  im- 
portation of  corn,  and  for  allowing 
the  importation  of  other  articles  of 
provision,  without  pa}Tnent  of  duty  j 
and.  to  continue,  for  the  same  period, 
an  act  of  the  last  session  of  f)arliament, 
for  prohibiting  the- exportation  from 
Ireland  of  com  or  potatoes,  or  other 
provisions,  and  for  permitting  tha 
importation  into  Ireland  of  com,  flsh, 
and  provisions,  without  payment  of. 
duty. 

To  revive  and  continue,  until  tlie 
first  day  of  January  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  three,  an  act  madel 
in  the  thirty -third  year  of  the  reiga 
of  his  present  majesty,  intituled,  "An 
act  for  the  relief  c«f  tlie  captors  of 
prizes  with  respect  to  the  bringing 
and  landing  certain  prize  goods  in 
this  kingdom." 

To  regulatet  until  the  21st  day  of 
March  isOi;,  the  number  of  privata 
militia  men  in  tlie  several  countieSj! 
ridings,  and  places,  therein  men- 
tioned ;  and  for  supplying  of  vacan* 
cie>  in  the  militia. 

To  i\*mo\e  certain  restraints  npoo 
the  corxe»poudcnce  by  letter  betweo^ 


i 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE.  593 

persons    residing    in  Great  Britain  senice  of  Great  Britain,  for  the  year 

Aid  Ireland,  and  persons  residing  in  ■  1602. 

certain  foreign  countries.  .  To  repeal  the  duties  on  cinnamon, 

n      ^  ^    ,  o^«  imix)rted  by  tlie  East  India  ci^nr.?anv, 

Dec,  ^5,  1802.  _  i       /^      •    i-            i-   n        .           • 

m           U-U--U  ^\1     J-  .-11  .•           r  3na  on  Cassia  lignca  ol  all  st'Uts,  aiul 

To   prohibit  the    dist:!  ntion    of  r,,^    ^„,-.,-„    «!♦•«•    i-  ..  /' 

..     r            1     ^-     1    1      1  tor  grailtinor  new  duties  in  lull  tiitTc- 

spirits  from  wheat  in  Ireland.  r         w    .^      i  «^i          .  «.  ^  .• 

'^rr-             •*        ^-1  *.!     W..I     1        r  ofj  and  to  repeal  tlie  custom  duiies 

To  permit,  until  the  lOtli  dnv  of  .  •     i  •  i           i     i  •           j  ♦ 

T  1      ,o^vo     \\           '•          c    r    \  on  ctrtaiii  hides  ana  hkms,  and  to 

July  JL902,    the  maKins;  ot  stiirrh  ,       .  ■     i  *•             .    1 1 

^    ^      '               ,  ,             ^         .  ^  repeal  certain  duties  (granted  by  an  act . 

from  nee  or  i>otatoes,  or  any  mixture  A,     i    .        .        c      v        \ 

..  _       c J./    r      •         ^ /•       r  ot  the  last  session  of  parliament  upon 

fcicreof, and  the  free  importation  of  any  ,       •        j    •          .   i         j          l- 

sudi  starch  troiu  Ireland,  free  of  d«t/.  ^'^  ^"^  .'mported,   and  grantins 

To  continue,  until  the  1st  dny  of  ""^^^  ''"'f  '".^i""  '^/^'"''"^-          , 

1  1      lo^o     ««     «.       I    •     *i      ^^..u  To  mdcmnm' such  persons  as  have 

July  1802,  an  act  made  in  the  35th  -^^   i    *        '  vr     /i          i        r 

-    -,       r  4-1,^  *^-  „  .<:  k-               *  omitted    to    nuaJiiy   themselves  lor' 

year  of  tiie  reion  or  his  present  ma-  ^            i         i            .          i  .    • 

\       f  1-  nfrni  tf*n    th            rt  t'  ofhccs  and  cmploymcu^s,  and  to  in- 


,«il  u-i«.,«.- «. 1-     J  or   deliver     in    their    cuahhcatuuis. 

or  vessels  belonging  to  any  km Jidom  ..i  •     \i      x-        j-      .    i   ,      i 

-4.^*.^  ;.,  .,«.;f^  „S.^u  k;.  , •«  ♦  withm    the   time  directed   by  law, 

or  state  m  amity  with  his  majesty.  ,  ..         ^     i-       ^.      ^-        {-    •     \ 

^                     ^     •'  and  tor  extending  the  time  hmiicd 

Feb.  24,  1802.  for  those  purposes  until  the  25th  day 

■  For  raising  a  further  sum  of  money  of  December  1 S02  ;     to  indemnify . 

bjr  loans  or  exchequer  bills,   for  the  members  and  otticors  in  cities,   cor- 

ier\'ice  of  Great  Britain,  for  1802.  porations,      and     borough      towns,. 

For  continuing  the  premium  allow-  whose  admissions  have  been  omitted 

ed  to  ships  employed  in,  and  for  en-  to  be  stamped  according  to  Inw,  or, 

larging     the  limits  of  the  soutlieni  having  been  stamped,  have  bren  lost. 

"whale  fishery.  or  mislaid,  and  iv.r  allowing  them. 

To  amend  so  much  of  an  act,  made  until   the   25 ih    day  oi    Drccnil-er 

in  the  29th  year  of  his  late  majesty,  1802,    to   provide   admissions   duly 

George  the  Second,  intituled,  **  An  stamped  ;  to  pennit  such  persons  as 

act  for  e^laining,  amending,    and  have  omitted  to  make  and  file  alii- 

rendering    more    etlectual    an    act  davits  of  the  execution  of  indentures 

made     in     the     22d    year    of    his  of  clerks  to  attornies,  and  scilicilcrs, 

present  majesty,    intituled.   An   act  to  make  and  tiie  the  same  en  .';i-  i;e- 

for  making  a  free  market  for  the  sale  fore    the   first    day  of  j\iicl!aelm:\^ 

of  fish  in  the  city  of  Westminster,  term  1802  ;    to  allow,  unt.l  the  21rh 

and  for  preventing  the  forestalling  and  day  of  December  1 802,  pers^ms  wIkji 

monopolizing  of  iish,  and  for  allovving  have  omitted  to  pay   tiic  duties  en 

the  sale  of  fisli  undi-r  the  dimensions  the     indentures    and     contracts   ot 

mentioned  in  a  clau^v  contained  in  clerks,  apprentices,  or  servants,  to 

an  act  of  the  first  vv  ar. jf    his  late  make  payjment  of  the  .same  j  to  in-. 

majesty's  reign,  in  ciise  the  same  are  demnily  such  jxrcons   as  have  :;.'- 

taken  with  a  hook,"  as  relates  to  the  giectird  to  oijtain  Cvvrtilicates  of  ad- 

iale  oteels.  mission,    as  soiicilors  or  attornif-j 

AlarcJi  19,  1602.  notaiirs  (T  j)roctors,  uiid  for  extend-. 

Form ibing  the  sum  of  one  million,  ing  the  time-  liniilM  fur  that  pui 

by  loans  or  rxchequor  bills,  tur  the  po^e  lu.iil   tv.'p   monthsi  atler  .diJ 

.Vox..  XMV.  Qci                                 P.^:.,. 


594         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

pasMinc;  of  this  art:   to  indeniniiV  E^raiitt'd  for  the   rnconrngcment  of 

p(Ts()ii>  \\lio  h:ive  piintt'd  or  p«ib-  the  Gre4?iiland  whale  fisheries,  and  far 

lish(\l  pl(!iurng.s  and  other  prcKrcd-  rf)ntiniiing  and  amending  tlie  regula*' 

ings    i:i   a/.irts    of  law  or    aiiiity,  tii»ns  rcspcxiing  the  same. 

upon  whirli  ilio  name  and  place  of 

abode   (^f  the  prmur  has  \in\  i»c^n  March '24,  1802. 

printed:  mid  for  indenmf,  inir  do-  For  con  tinning,  until  tlic  25  th  day 

jnit}-  ii(ii?-rn:jts  and  (.tiiors  of  the  of  M;*reh   18(Vj,  several  acts  of  the 

jnilitia,  who  I-mvc  ncgleei; d  lo  nans-  last  sc.slon  of  parliament,  for  con- 

mit  de.ieripi inn- of  their  (jual'lieiii ions  ti!>i!ing  and  granting  duties  to  his 

to  the  elcrks  of  the  peaee  wiiiMii  ihe  niajesty  in  Ireland, 

lime  direeted  hy  law,  and  for  ex-  For  punishing  mutiny  and  deser- 

tcndlrg  the   tin^e  limited  for    that  tion,  and  for  the  better  payment  of 

puipiKe  ur.til  the  rirst  duy  of  St.p-  the  army  and  their  quarters,  within 

temlxT  1802.  the  united  kingdom,  and  the  islands 

For  making  perpetual  so  mueh  of  cf  Jersey,  Guernsey,  Aldcmey,  Sarl^ . 

an  act  n\ade  in  the  10th  vear  of  the  and  Man. 

reign  of  his  present  majesty,  as  re-  For  the  regidation  of  his  majesty's 

laics  to  the  allowing:  a  drawback  of  marine  f(5rces,  while  on  shore,  untQ 

the  duties  on  rum,  ship]X'd  as  stores,  the  2.*>th  day  of  ^lay  180*2. 

to  be  consumed  on  board  merchant  To  em:  owe r  his  majesty  to  cause 


J>ritish  sujiar  olonies  in  llie   ^^  est  into  execution  tlie  treaty  of  amity^ 

Indies,  inuil  the  2-lih  day  of  June  commerce,    and    navieation,    con- 

1808;  to   the  giving  further  eneou-  eluded  betvicen  his  majesty  and  ths 

rap^ement  to  tlie  im^hntation  of  naval  united  states  of  America,"  to  cease 

stores   frv>m  the    Briti'^h  ci^lnni-.s  in  or  i:e  suspended  until  the  twenty- 

America,  imtil  the  2pjh  day  of  Sep-  fiith  day  of  ^lareh  onv^   thousand 

tcmherlSJ2:  to  the  reguljiriu^  tlie  e:^:^ht    hundred    and    three,    under 

payment  of  the  duties  on  einuj.p.Kin,  certain  lireumstances. 

cloves,   nutmegs,  an»':  n;nce :  to  the  For  continuing,  until  the  twenty-- 

allowing  the  imporini«on  (>f  certain  lifch   day  of   Alarch  one  tliousand 

fi^^Ii  fnuu   Newtoiuulland    and    tlie  eight  hiuidred  and  five,  and  from 

roast  of  r.abrador,  untH  the  2-ith  of  tl;eiice  to  ilie  end  of  tJie  llien  next 

June  ISOS  j  and  to  tlu  all{>wiiig  the  session  of  parliament,  and  amending 

imijonation  and  exixntaiicai  of  ^i^oods  tjevend  hiM  s  relating  to  the  trauspor- 

froin  and  to  India  and  Cliina,  in  siiijis  ration  of  felons,  and  other  odenders, 

not  of  IV.it i.>h  constriction,   duiiiig  to   tempt^ary    places    of   confine- 

thecontinuanceof  the  exclusive  trade  ment  in  tlngland  and  Scotland  re^ 

to  and  tViini  the  Fast  Indies,  granted  speeti^ely. 

fo  the  Fast  India  comp;!ny  by  an  act  To  aiuhorize  the  East  India  com* 

of  the  3:5d  year  of  his  present  ma-  pany  to  make  their  settlement  at 

jesty's  R'ign.  Fort  Marl borongli,  in  the  East  Indices, 

For  continuing,  until  the  25tli  day  a  factt>ry  subordinate  to  the  pre.si- 

ef  December   iiK)4,    the    buuniics  'dcac^-  of  Fort  Wllliuju,  in  Bengal^ 

and 


APPENDIX  to  Ac  CHRONICLE.  595 

ntA  to  ttansfcr  tbc  serrants  f/ho,  on  veral  acts  of  the  last  sessions  gf  parlia- 

thc  reclactroti  of  that  estaiilLsliment,  ment,  for  reviving,  continuing,  and 

shall  be  supernumerary  to  the  presi-  amending  several  laws  for  the  better 

dency  of  Fort  St.  George.  collection  and  security  of  the  rc- 

To  continue,  until  the  twenty- fifth  venues  of  Irehnd. 

day    of  July   one   tlious.ind   eight  For    regulating,    until   the    fif- 

hnndred  and  two,  an  act  made  in  the  teenth  dayof  Febmary  one  thousand 

lasf  session  of  parliament,  intituled,  eiglit  hundred  and  three,   tlie  pricea 

"All  r.ct  to  stay,  until  the  twenty-  at  which  grain,  mc:il,  and  flour,  may 

fifth  day    of  March   on(i  thousand  be  exporicd  from  Great  Lritaiii  to 

eiglit  Imudrcd  and  two,  proccddiiigs  Ireland,  and  from  Ireland  to  Great 

in  actions  under  the  smtuto  of  kino-  Brit;iin, 

Hwiry  the  Eightli,    for    abridging  For    enlarging    the    terms    and 
spiritual  persons  from  having  plundi-  powers  granted  by  several  acts    of 
tics  of  livings,  and  from  taking  of  laying  a  duty  of  two  pennies  Scot* 
ferns.*'  upon   every   pint   of  ale  and  beer 
To   enlarge   the  powers,  and  ex-  brewed  and  vc^nded  within  the  town 
plain  and  amend  an  act,  made  in  the  of  Dundee,  and  tlie  liberties  and 
twenty-second  year  of  the  reign  of  sulmrbs  thereof. 
his   late  majesty  king  George   the  To  :\mcnd  and  render  more  effec- 
Second,  intituled,  ''  An  act  for  the  tunl  an  acl  iuikU  in  the  se\Tnteenth 
better   repairing  the  highways,  and  yciir  ol'  his  present  miijcsty's  reign, 
deansing    die    streets    v/ithui    tlic  for  xW.  beUer  rell(-t'   and  employ- 
parish  of  St.  Leonard,    Sliorcditch,  ^k  nt  of  ths  poor  of  the  parish  of  St. 
in 'the    country  of  Middles^;;,  and  ^firy,  Islington,  in  tlw  country    of 
for    better    enlightening   the  open  Middlesex. 
places,   streets,  lancf.,  passages,  and  Jpril  30,  1S02, 
«ourtrt    there,    and    rcgalating  the  For  granting  to  his  majesty  certain 
nightly   watch   and  beadles  v/itliin  additional  duties  on  servants,  carri- 
the  said  i>arish,"  and  and  for  pavijig,  ages,  liorses,  mules,  and  dogs,  and  for 
repairing,     and    regulating   cerUvin  consolidatinjj  the  Siuiie  with  the  pre- 
footwnys,  squares,  streets,  kuies,  and  sent  duties  thereon.  -^ 
other  pubic  passages  and  phccs  in  For  orduting  to  his  majesty  addi- 
the  said    parish,   and   for  removing  tional  duties  on  beer  and  ale  brewed 
pqisanccs,  obstmctions,  and  annoy-  in,  or  imported  into.  Great  Britain  5 
e^^  therein.  on  malt  nirde  in  Great  Britain  5  on 

hQ])s  grown   in,   or  imported  into, 

ylpru  15,   1802.  Great  Britain-,  and  on  spirits  distilled 

For  raising  the  sun;i  of  twenty-five  in  IrcUnu!,  an^l  imported  into  Great 

millions  hy  way  of  annuities.  Ihltaiii  j  for  repealing  ct:rtain  allow- 

For  gaming  to  his  majesty  certain  ances  to  brewers  of  beer  and  ale ;  and 

additional     duties   on    windows   or  for  preventing  frauds  and  abuses  iu 

lights,  and  on  inhabiifid  houses,  and  the  revenue  of  eiicite  on  beej",  al^ 

fiff  cons£)li dating  the  same  with  the  and  malt. 

present  dutic^f  thereon.  For  extending  the  time  for  the 

To   continue,   until    the  twenty-  payments  of  certain  suu*s  of  money 

ninth  day  of  September  one    thou-  advanced  by  way  of  loan:  to  several 

fiand  eight  htindred  and  tlirge.    se-  perseHcomiecte.d  with,  or  trading  to 


596 


ANNUAL   REGISTER.  1802. 


the  ishnJ.'>  of  Grenada  and  St.  Vin- 
cent. 

To  continue,  until  the  first  day  of 
M:irch  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  thr«e,  the  restrictions oontainrti  in 
several  acts  of  the  thirty-sevcntli  and 
tHirtv -eighth  years  of  the  reign  of  his 
present  uijjesty,  on  payments  in  cash 
by  the  hank. 

For  continuing  and  enlarging  the 
term  and  powers  of  two  several  acts, 
of  the  thirtv-second  year  of  the  reign 
of  his  late  majesty,  and  of  the 
twentieth  year  of  his  present  majesty, 
charging  a  duty  of  two  pennies  Scots, 
or  one-sixth  part  of  a  penny  sterling, 
upon  every  Scots  pint  of  ale,  porter, 
and  beer,  brewed  for  sale,  brought 
ill  to,  lapped, or  sold,  within  the  town 
and  parish  of  Kelso,  in  the  county 
of  Roxburgh,  for  the  purpose  therein 
mentioned. 

May  4,  1S02. 

To  enable  the  lords  commission- 
ers of  his  majest}''s  treasuiy  of  Great 
Briiain  to  issue  exchequer  bills  on 
the  credit  ot  such  aids  or  supplies  as 
luvc  Ix^en,  or  shall  be,  granted  by 
pavllaincnt  for  the  sen  ice  of  Great 
Britain  for  tlie  year  1S02. 

For  repealing  tlie  duties  on  in- 
come J  for  the  eilectual  collection 
of  arrears  of  the  said  duties,  and  ac- 
cou!\ting  for  the  same.;  and  for 
cliarcing  the  annuities  spccitically 
ch.irgod  thereon  up^fu  the  consoli- 
dated fund  of  Great  Britain. 

Mivf  7,  1802. 

For  granting  to  his  majesty  ccr* 
t:ii!i  duties  on  goods  imponed  into, 
and  exported  from.  Great  Britain, 
and  on  the  tonnage  of  ships  and  ves- 
sels enttTing  outward*  or  inwards  in 
any  yrn  of  Great  Britain  to  or  from 
forcLjin  p.irts. 

i:<or  permitting  French  wuics  to 


be  imported  into  Great  Britain  ill. 
bottles  or  flasks,  under  certain  re^. 
strictions.  ,     • ' 

To  continue,  until  three  months^ 
after  any  restriction  imposed  by  any 
act  of  the  present  session  of  parlia- 
ment on  the  bank  of  England  from 
issuing  cash  in  payments  shall  cease, 
an  act,  made  in  the  parliament  of 
Ireland,  in  the  thirt}'-seventh  year  . 
of  the  reign  of  his  present  majesty, 
for  wnfirming  and  continuing  the 
restrictions  on  pa^nnents  in  cash  by 
the  bank  of  Ireland. 

To  require  overseers  and.guardi* 
ans  of  the  poor  to  keep  a  register  af^| 
the  several  children  who  shall  be 
bound  or  assigned  by  them  as  ap-^ 
prentices,  and  to  extend  the  provi-  . 
sions  of  an  act,  passevi  in  tlie  twen-.. 
lieth  year  of  tlie  reign  of  his  present.- 
majcst}',  to  the  binding  of  appredr , 
tices  by  houses  of  industi^',  or  es- 
tablishments for  the  poor,    whieh 
have  been  authorized  so  to  do. by 
subsequent  acts. 

Mai/  10,  1S02.  ■    : 

To  continue,  until  the  twentieth ' 
day   of  May   one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  three,  and  amend  an 
act,  made  in  the  last  session  of  par- 
li:uncnt,  relating  to  certain  duties  on  * 
sugar  and  cortee  exported ;  for  per-  ■." 
mitting  British  plantation  sugar  ts  ' 
be  warehoused ;   and  for  regulating'  • 
and  allowing  drawbacks  on  sugai^'* 
exported. 

May  24,  1S02. 

For  enabling  his  majesty  to  set-  * 
tie  an  annuity  of  12,000/.    on   his 
royal  hii^lmess  the  duke  of  Susso^' , 
and    a  like    annuity    of    12,0001. 
on  his  royal  highness  tlie  duke  of 
Cambridge,    during    his    majesty's  J 
pleasure. 

For  further  continuing*  ^^^^  ^^ 

.   first' ' 


Al^ENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


5^7 


first  day  of  ^February  1806,  an  ac 
made  in  tl^e  twenty-seventh  year  of 
the  reign  of  his  present  majesty,  in- 
tituled, /'  An  act  to  enable  the  lord 
high  tt^surer,  or  commissioners  of 
the- treasury,  for  the  time  being,  to 
let  to  farm  the  duties,  granted  by  an 
act  made  in  the  twenty-fifth  year  of 
his  present  majesty's  reign,  on  horses 
let  to  hire. for  travelling  post,  and  by 
time,  to  such  persons  as  should  be 
vffiing  to  contract  for  the  same." 

For  continuing  an  act  made  in  this 
session  of  parliament,  intituled, "  An 
act  ^or  punishing  mutiny  andvdeser- 
tion ;  and  for  the  better  payment  of  the 
army,  and  their  quarters,  within  the 
united  kingdom,  and  the  islands  of 
Jersey,  Guernsey,  Alderney,  Sark, 
and  Man.*' 

For  continuing,  until  the  twenty- 
fiAh  day  of  June  1802,  an  act,  made 
this^jsession  of  parliament,  for  the 
regulation  of  his  majesty's  marine 
forces  while  on  shore. 

For  defraying  the  charge  of  the 
pay .  of  the  militia  in  England,  for 
the  year  1802. 

To  indemnify  persons  who  have 
omitted  to  .quality  themselves .  for 
offices  or  employmoits  in  Ireland 
according  to  law. 

May  28,  1802. 

.For  granting  to  his  majesty  a 
certain  sum  of  money,  to  be  raised 
by  lotteries.,. 

For  making  allowances,  in  cer- 
tain cases,  to  subaltern  officers  of 
the  militia  during  peace. 

June  3,  1802. 

For  raising  a  certain  sum  of 
money,  by  way  of  annuities  or 
debentures,  for  the  sen  ice  of  Ire- 
land. 

To  repeal  an  act,  passed  in  the 
twehty-fifUi  year  of  the  reign  of  his 
pi«sent   majesty,  for  granting  stamp 


duties  on  certain  medicines,  and  for 
charging  other  duties  in  lieu  thereof^ 
and  for  making  eflectual  provision 
for  the  better  collection  of  the  said 
duties. 

Fpr  allowing,  imtil  the  20th  day 
of  Mav  1803,  additional  bounties  on 
refined  sugar  exported,  and  discon- 
tinuing the  duty  thereon  granted  by 
an  act  of  this  session  of  parliament 

To  amend  so  much  of  an  act* 
made  in  the  parliament  of  Ireland* 
in  the  37tli  year  of  the  reign  of  hi 
present  majesty,  intituled,  "  An  acs 
for  vesting  a  certain  fund  in  comt 
missioners  at  the  end  of  every  quar- 
ter of  a  year,  to  be  by  them  applied 
to  the  reduction  of  the  national  debt, 
and  to  direct  the  application  of  addi- 
tional funds,  in  case  of  future  loans, 
to  the  like  purpose,"  as  relates  to  the 
commissioners  for  carrying  tlie  same 
into  execution. 

To  continue,  until  the  30th  day 
of  May  1803,  and  amend  an  act, 
made  in  the  last  session  of  parlia- 
ment, for  regulating  and  allowing 
drawbacks  on  sugar  exported  from 
Ireland,  and  for  allowing  British 
plantation  sugar  to  be  warehoused  in 
Ireland,  and  for  granting  an  addi- 
tional drawback  on  the  exportation 
of  refined  sugar. 

For  extending  tlie  provisions  of  an 
act,  made  in  the  thirty- fourth  year 
of  the  reign  of  his  present  majesty, 
intituled,  ''  An  act  for  directing  the 
appointment  of  commissioners  to  ad- 
minister certain  oaths  and  declara- 
tions, required  by  law,  to  be  taken 
and  made  by  persons  offering  to  vote 
at  the  election  of  members  to  serve 
in  parliament,"  to  all  oaths  now  re- 
quired by  law  to  be  taken  by  voters 
at  elections  for  members  to  serve  in 
parliament. 

For  the  further  enconragemcnt  of 
Irish  mariners,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses relating  thereto.. 

Q  ^  3  June 


598        ANNUAL   REG  I  STER,  1802. 


Jane  22,   1802. 
An  act  to  auiliouzo  the  licensing 
an  additional  number   of  hackney 
toaches. 

To  enable  the  lord  high  treasurer, 
or  commijisioners  of  his  majr.-ty's 
ticasur)'  of  Ireland,  for  tlie  time  lie- 
ino;,  to  sell,  leases  convey,  or  di^posi: 
of  the  pnrlianicnt  house  in  the  cily 
of  Dublin,  and  all  the  premii-es  r.iid 
appurtenances  tliereunto  beloiiguu^, 
to  LJie  go\ernor  and  company  of  llie 
biink  of  Ireland. 

To  amiiid,  and  render  more  eilec- 
tual,  two  acts,  pasj-c-u  in  the  twenty- 
sixtli  aiul  thirty-second  years  of  the 
reign  of  his  present  majesty,  for  the 
redaction  of  the  national  debt. 

For  punishing  nuitiny  and  deser- 
tion, and  lor  the  better  piiyment  of 
die  army  and  their  quarters. 

For  amending  so  much  of  an  act, 
passed  in  tiie  seven tli  year  of  the 
reign  of  his  present  majesty  as  ref- 
lates to  the  secreting,  embezzling, 
or  d(.stroying  any  letter  or  j)3cket 
sent  by  the  post,  a:xl  for  the  belter 
protection  (;f  siicli  letters  or  packets, 
and  for  mure  etfectually  preventing 
letters  and  packets  being  sent  other- 
wise than  by  the  po^t. 

'lo  enable  his  majesty  to  avail 
himself  of  the  otiers  of  certain  yci;- 
manry  and  ve'-mtcLT  corps  to  et)n- 
tinue  their  services. 

To  re\i\e,  and  further  continue, 
until  the  '25th  day  Cil' March  1K03, 
andt.'  :::nf  ndsf)  much  of  an  act  n:ade 
in  the  iliirty-niPth  aivl  fortieth  years 
of  the  I'^Ign  of  his  ivesent  majesty, 
iis  grants  certain  allow anceJ  to  ad- 
jutants and  si  i'^v'-.nt  majors  of  mi* 
litiadiRoiljo.iicci  \u(\C\\  »•  an  act  tftho 
same  sej.ion  ^ifpai  Jaiiu Dt. 

To  enable  hi.-)  ifiajesty  to  accept 
and  continue  t]:e  *-(:r\  i<-e  of  certain 
in^ojjs  orcompiiuies  of  }comaniy  in 
Ireland. 

For  making  allowances,  until  the 


25th  day  of  March  1803,  in  ceriai4( 
cases,  to  sui)aUern  officers  of  thif 
militia  of  Ireland,  during  peace. 

To  authorize  the  sending  and 
receiving  of  letters  and  packets^ 
voles,  prorreuings  in  parliUDient,, 
and  I  tinted  newspapfTs,  by  tlie  posfj^ 
riec  irom  the  duties  on  p<^stage,  by 
tlie  members  uf  the  two  houses  o£ 
piuliajtent  of  the  unked  kingd4>m, 
and  by  certain  public  officers  thcreipt 
n:imcd,  and  for  redticing  the  postage 
on  siieh  vot(\>,  proceedings,  ancT 
newsj^apers,  when  sent  by  any  other 
persons. 

To  t  nable  such  officers,  mariner^ 
and  soldiers,  as  Jiave  been  in  the 
land  or  sea  service,  or  in  the  ma- 
rines, or  in  the  Uiihtia,  or  any  other 
corps  of  fencible  men,  since  the 
twentv-iburth  year  of  his  present 
majesty's  fi  ign,  to  exercise  trades. 

For  directing  certain  public  ao  . 
counts  to    be   laid  aniuiallv  betbni 
parliament,    and    for   discontinuing 
eei  tain  other  forms  of  account  now 
in  use. 

To  amend  the  laws  for  the  better 
regulation  of  the  linen  manufacture 
in  Ireland. 

F«)r  repealing  several  acts,  made 
in  the  thirty-tifth,  tliirty-sixtli,  thir- 
ty-ninih,  and  fortieth  years  of  the 
reign  of  his  present  majesty,  relating 
to  the  adirission  of  certain  articles 
on  mereinirdise  in  neutral  shi^K, 
and  to  the  issuing  of  orders  in  ccun« 
cil  ibr  that  purpose,  and  for  making 
othcj  prcovisions  in  lieu  thereof,  to 
eoi'.tinU(r  until  the  1st  day  of  Ja- 
nuary 1804. 

I'o  CiMitinue,  until  the  29th  day 
of  September  1803,  an  act  made  in 
the  parliament  of  Ireland,  in  the  37th 
)'ear  oi'  the  reign  of  his  present  ma^ 
jesry,  for  regulating  the  imjxjrt,  ex- 
port ,  and  sale  of  c(>lice,  and  secur- 
ing the  duties  payable  thereon;  and 
ako  for  bccuring  the  chities  payable 

Off 


APPENDIX  to  the  CHRONICLE. 


5Q9 


on  licenses  to  persons  in  Ireland 
not  being  maltsters,  or  makers  of 
malt,  selling  malt  by  comaiission, 
or  otherwise. 

For  repealing  an  act  n:ade  in 
the  38th  year  of  the  r^i^u  of  his 
present  majesty,  intitMletl,  *'  An  act 
for  raising  a  body  of  miners  in  the 
comity  of  Cornwall  and  Devon,  for 
the  defence  of  the  kinj^doni  durinc: 
the-  present  war,"  imkI  for  the  more 
eficcliiaily  raising  and  rfgnlating  a 
body  of  miners  for  the  defence  of 
Great  Britain. 

For  the  further  regulating  of  the 
trinls  of  conlroveried  (Sections,  or 
returns  of  mcml)crs  to  seive  in  par- 
liaiuent,  and  for  expediting  the  pro- 
ceedings relating  tliereto. 

For  tJic  trying  and  punishing,  in 
Great  Britain,  jXTsons  holding  pub- 
lic employments,  for  ollcnces  com- 
lultted  al)road,  and  for  extending 
the  provisions  of  an  act,  j/assed  in 
the  twent)^-iirst  year  of  the  reign  of 
king  James,  made  for  the  cas<*  of  jus- 
tices, and  others,  in  pleading  in  suiLs 
brought  against  tlieni,  loiiilpfrsuo.s, 
eitlier  in  or  out  of  this  fcinud'jni, 
authorized  to  commit  to  stfc  cus- 
tody, &:c. 

Xo  alter,  imiend,  and  render 
more  etfcctual,  an  act  made  in  the 
24th  year  of  the  reign  of  his  pre- 
sent majesty,  for  tlie  more  c:rtec- 
toal  prevention  of  snmggling  in 
Great  Britain. 

To  revive  and  continne,  until 
the  5th  day  of  April  1804,  and  to 
amend  several  acts  passed  in  the 
27th,  33tli,  and  3i}{h  years  of  his 
{uresent  majesty's  reign,  i'or  the  more 
effectual  encouragement  of  the  Bri- 
tish fislicries,  and  to  continue,  until 
the  1 4th  day  of  June  1803,  and 
fioiTi  tlience  to  the  end  of  die  then 
next  sej*sion  of  parliament,  so  much 
of  an  act  of  die  sixth  year  of  the 


reign  of  his  present  majesty,  as  re- 
lates to  the  })rohibiung  the  im^x^r- 
tation  of  foreign  wrought  silks  and 
vel.cts. 

To  prevent  Ikiiish-built  ship:* 
to  carry  on  ti^e  fisheries  in  the  P.a- 
ci(ic  ocean,  without  license  from  the 
Ea-t  India  company,  or  South  Sea 
comoanv. 

Ti)  continue,  until  the  eightli  day. 
of  April  1803,  an  act,  pa-.^id  in 
the  lass  session  of  parliament,  for 
staying  prrx^eedings  in  actions,  un- 
der thr!  itatute  of  king  Henry  the 
Eightij,  for  abridging  spiritual  per- 
sons from  having  pluralities  of  liv^ 
ings,  and  of  taking  of  farms  j  and 
also  to  stay  proceedings  in  actions 
under  an  act  of  the  thirteenth  year 
of  (juern  Elizabeth,  touciiing  leases 
of  brncMces,  and  other  ecclesiasti- 
cal livings  w  ilh  cure. 

For  vesting;  certain  lands  and 
htiedltaments  in  trustees,  lor  pro- 
moting the  s(T\ice  of  his  majesty's 
oranaiice  at  Wck)1\\  ich. 

For  repealing  two  acts  made  in 
the  iliiriy-second  and  thirty-sixth 
years  t)i  liie  reigu  of  his  present  ma- 
je->ty,  for  the  more  effectual  ad- 
mi  n  intra  t  Ion  of  the  of  lice  of  a  justice 
of  liie  pt:acr,  in  such  parts  of  the 
countries  ol  Middlesex  and  S-.irrey 
as  lie  in  or  near  ihc  metrojxJis, 
and  for  the  more  eiiectual  preven- 
ti(;n  of  feion'iis,  and  ibr  making 
other  provisions  in  lieu  tlv.  renf, 
and  for  hie  reading  the  salrnles  of 
thcjuytices  of  the  Thames  police- 
oliice,  uiiiii  the  tirst  day  of  June 
iHO/,  ana  from  thence  to  the  end 
of  the  thui  next  session  of  parlia- 
ment. 

For  the  preservation  of  the  health 
and  morals  of  apprentices,  and 
others  cjnployed  in  cotton  iind  other 
mills,  and  cotton  and  other  factories. 

Xo  mnend  an  act  jnade  in  the 
Q  q  4  twenty- 


600 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


tv.'cniy-^cc  on  1  >  eir  of  tl/;  reign 
C't'his  :,rr  sc'it  rir/ii'mv,  for  th^  Ixrl- 
tcr  r«:l:t:f  np.d   <::i!i>lov:r/r::t  of  tlie 


i'Oor, 


1  ir  as  r'--:aies  to  \\\*:  pjy- 

lor 


in'riit  of  the    ^//:jis    incurred 
i/'::i'iir.  _'  a:;v  i.oor-houif:. 

To  'X'.'iii  1    t!j«-  provisions  of  an 
?»'.*,  J  'J''.-::  ill  th*  tiiir!.c'-r:th  v:r':  of 


:\x. 


.   -J 
■  i 


iA 


■i  'vT'"  ■.':::' 


I  ri'j  ■ 


.  !  '  ■ 


"1- 

«    A    ft 


•■|--jf 


\ii   :xt  f-^r   re- pr riling  so 
.  '  ci,  ma'!f,  in  Th<: 
of    hi>   li:-' 


■••'-■.- 


n:: 


r''';.'n 


*  J 

to  the  pr*;". '-.J*  i>'.^  tljf;  -J'-ri-if  7  or  r'/_-- 
<tr'i", :.."  of  t.ir;jipj,  and  tor  ujc  more 
ri:'.(,.'j.!,]v  :,rt-v»,nun'z  tl;':  r-f-rilin'i  01 
Of  'Vio.-.;.,r  of  tiirnip-,,  potHtor-j,  cab- 
tji"  •.,  p  .r-.:;I]i-,  jitasf.*,  and  car- 
iMs/'  to  rvri'iin  other  field  crop^, 
:: ; ; d  to  0 r' ! .  a ra s,  and  for  aiii'';! » ding 
\\it'.  s'.-id  :.< '. 

lor  n.:p'rM:in=5  somudi  of  an  aot, 
in  ih'.:  s/o::d  ye?ir  of  the 
fJ*  his  fr'^sent  maj-.'sty,  inti- 
t:]:/l,  *S\n  r.  L  lor  the  better  sup- 
p'yin.j  the  cities  of  London  and 
Westminster  with  fish,  and  lo  re- 
oi;<.o  the  present  exorbitant  price 
fiirreof,  and  to  protect  and  eneou- 
\Ai::  fiJ^Tinen,"  as  limits  the  num- 
ber  of  fisli  to  be  sold  by  wholesale 
wiiliin  the  said  city  of  London, 
;i:ul  f(n  the  better  re," ulati on  of  the 
saV.  tA  lish  by  wholesale  in  tJie 
ijjarket  of  Billiiigsgate,  witliin  the 
.said  Miy. 

lo  remrne  doubts  as  to  certain 
acts  relating  to  the  admeasure- 
ment of  (oals  in  the  city  and  li- 
l)erty  of  W(;-,tmintcr,  and  parts  ad- 


J:/«?26,  1S02. 
For  raising  the  sum  of  five  miU 
l.ons,  by  \oy.\-.  or  exchequer  bills, 
for  the  s'*r\  ire  of  Great  Britain  for 
tli-.:  year     oOJ. 

For  r  .-a!...:  :]■'*  sum  of  l,500,000t 
by  loans  or  cxchefiiicr  bills,  for  the 
si_-nice  of  Grc2t  Briiiiin  for  the  year 
1*:03. 

For  grant  IP '^  to  his  majesty  the 
s 'J':,  of  200,000/.  to  be  i->sued  and 
paid  to  th'^  'governor  and  company 
*^f  the  :'«:!:ik  of  England,  to  be  by 
them  pl-iC'd  to  the  account  of  the 
fomini^siouers  for  the  reduction  of 
the  nitional  debt  of  Great  Britain. 

For  settling  and  securing  a  cer- 
♦  nin  annuity  on  lord  Hutchinson, 
baron  II«!trhin-»on  of  Alexandriat 
'<\\\'\  of  Knocklofty,  in  tlic  county 
of  lipperar}',  aiid  the  two  next 
nernon>  to  whom  the  title  of  baron 
Hv.tchinson  .ihall  de-.cend,  in  con- 
sideration of  his  eminent  sen  ices. 

Fur  repealing  certain  duties  on- 
papf-r,  pasteboard  «i,  millboards,  scale- 
boards,  and  glazed  paper,  imported 
into,  or  made  in.  Great  Britain, 
and  for  granting  other  duties  in 
lieu  thereof. 

For  prov  iding  a  proper  salary .  for 
the  office  of  chancellor  or  keeper 
of  the  great  seal  in  Ireland. 

For  repealing  tlie  duties,  granted 
by  an  act  made  in  this  sess*ion  of 
parliament,  on  spermaceti  oil, 
blubber,  train  oil,  fish  oil,  or  oil 
of  seals,  and  granting  other  duties 
in  lieu  thereof  5  for  repealing  the 
duties,  gnnitcd  by  the  said  act,  on. 


jacent,  and  to  revi\e  and  continue  linen -yarn  made   of  flax,   and  on 

an  act,  ])assed  in  the  twenty-sixth  goods,  wares,  or  merchandise,  im- 

year  of  tlie  reign  of  his  present  ma-  ported  by  the  East  India  company, 

je.-jty,  relating  to  the  admeasurement  and  exported  from   the   warehouse 

of  coals  within  the  limits  aforesaid,  in  which  tlic  same  shall  have  been 

'A\u\  Km  indemnify  all   persons   who  secured  5  for  exempting  stone,  the 

have  acted  in  pursuance  of  any  of  produce  of  Guernsey,   Jersey,  Al- 

tlie  provisions  of  the  said  act.  derney,  Siirk,  or  Man,  from  duty; 

iind 


APPENDIX  to,  the  CHRONICLE. 


eoi 


•9n 


and  for  permitting  merchandise, 
the  produce  of  any  of  the  colonies 
ceded  to  the  French  and  Batavian 
republics;  to  be  imported  for  tliree 
years  Irom  the  passing  of  this 
act,  ilpon  payment  of  certain 
duties. 

For  allowing  the  stamping  cer- 
tain deeds  until  the  Slstof  Dec6m- 
bct  1 802  J  for  ■  amending  an  act, 
passed  in  tlie  thirty-sixth  year  of 
the  reign  of  his  present  majesty, 
relating  to  diities  on  legacies  and 
shares  of  personal- estates  ;  for  ejc- 
empling  certain  legacies  from  the 
payment  of  duty  ;  for  reducing  the 
allowance  on  present  payment  of 
stamp  duties,  and  for  reducing 
certain  stamp  duties  on  policies  for 
sea  insurances. 

For  exempting  from  the  auction 
duty  estates  and  effects  bought  in 
for  the  owner,  aiid  goods  imported 
in  any  British  ship  from  any  British 
colony  in  America,  or  from  any 
part  of  the  united  states ;  for  tlie 
better  collecting  and  securing  the 
duties  of  excise  on  wine,  home- 
made spirits,  starch,  auctions,  rum 
shipped  as  stores,  and  on  goods  or 
merchandise  chargeable  with  duties 
of  excise  5  for  granting  a  fiirther 
allowance  of  salt  in  the  curing  and 
perserving  of  pilchards  and  scads  5 
and  for  allowing  certain  draining 
tiles  to  be  made  free  of  duty. 

For  enlarging  the  time  for  which 
horses  may  be  let  to  hire  without 
being  subject  to  any  annual  duty ;' 
for  explaining  and  amending  se- 
veral acts  relating  to  '  the  duties  bh  ' 
horses,  servantr?,  and  carriages  j 
and  for  author! zin:^;  the  allowance 
in  tlie  accounts  of  the  receivers  ge- 
'  neral,  of  the  several  sums  advanced 
by  them,  in"  pursuance  of  the  acts 
for  raising  a  provisional  force  of 
cavalry,  and  not  reimbursed  to  them 
by  assessnit  lit. 


To  repeal  the  additional  duty  of 
61.  per  centum  on  the  duties  pay- 
able on  the  importation  into  Ireland 
of  certain  goods  imported  by  retailers 
or'  consumers  5  and  for  repealiiig 
and  reducing  certain  duties  on  po- 
licies of  sea  insurance  in  Ireland. 

To  aiutliofize  the  commissioners 
of  excise  to  order  the  restoration  of 
exciseable  goods  seized  or  detained 
by  officers  of  excise. 

For  the  regulation  of  his  majesty's 
royal  marine  forces  while  on  shore. . 

For  amending  the  laws  relating 
to  tlie  militia  in  England,  and  for 
augmenting  the  militia. 

To  raise  and  establish  a  militia 
force  in  Scotland. 

For  consolidating  the  provisions 
of  the  several  acts,  passed  for  tlic 
redemption  and  side  of  the  land-tax, 
into  one  act,  and  for  making  far- 
ther provision  foir  the  redemption 
and  sale  diereof,  and  for  removing 
doubts  respecting  the  right  of  per- 
sons claiming  to  vote,  at  elections* 
for  knidits  of  tile  shlrc,  and  other 
members  to  serve  in  parliament,  in 
respect  of  inessua^es,  lands,  or  tene- 
ments, the  land-tax  upon  whick 
shall  have  been  redeemed  or  pur- 
chased. 

To  require  persons  licensed  to 
keep  lottery-offices  in  Ireland,  to 
divide  into  shares  a  certain  number 
of  whole  lottery  tickets,  and  for 
empowering  the  lords  commissioners 
of  his  majesty's  treasury  of  Great 
Brltiain  to  remit  to  the  exchcquot 
of  Ireland  a  certain  sum  of  mon^ 
out  of  the  contributions  for  lot-' 
teries. ' 

For  regulating  tlie  trial  of  con- 
troverted elections,  or  returns  of 
members  to  serve  in  tlie  united 
parliament  for  Ireland. 

For  repealing  several  atts  fbr 
establishing  regulations  respecting 
aliens  arriving  in  this  kingdiom,  or 

xesldeiit 


602 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


resident  therein,  in  certain  cases, 
and  for  substitiitini;  other  pro- 
visions in  lien  tlicreof. 

For  repealing  the  rates  and  duties 
of  postage  upon  letters  to  and  Irom 
France  and  the  Batavian  republic, 
from  and  to  I^ondon,  and  for  ]|.r rant- 
ing other  rates  and  duties  in  lieu 
thereof  ;  and  for  exempiinir  from 
the  duty  of  tonnage  the  ships  and 
vessels  to  he  employed  in  convey- 
ing the  mails  of  letters  fnmi  France 
to  the  united  kingdom  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland. 

To  authorize  the  lord  hicrh  trea- 
surer  or  commissioners  of  the  trra- 
surj  in  Great  Britain,  and  thr  lord 
high  treasurer  or  commissioners  of 
the  treasury  in  Ireland,  to  order 
Ihe  use  of  the  hydronic^ters,  now 
employed  in  the  management  of 
tlie  revenues,  to  be  discontinued, 
and  other  instruments  to  be  used 
instead  thereof. 

For  enabling  his  majesty  to  per- 
mit the  importation  and  exportation 
of  certain  goods  and  commodities 
into,  and  from,  tho  Port  Road  har- 
bour in  the  island  of  Tortola, 
until  the  first  day  of  July  1803,  and 
from  thence  until  six  weeks  after 
the  commencement  of  the  then 
next  session  of  parliament. 

For  authorizing,  and  rendering 
valid,  the  discharge  of  certain  mili- 
tia men  in  Ireland,  and  for  giving 
indemnity  to  tlie  several  counties 
and  places  in  Ireland  ^\■hich  may 
incur  any  expense  in  consequence 
of  the  discharge  of  certain  niilitia- 
*  men. 

To  continue,  until  the  5th  day 
of  July  1 S03,  tv.o  acts,  made  in  the 
tlnrty-eiglitli  yi:ar  of  the  reign  of 
his  present  majesty,  and  in  the 
last  session  of  parliament,  for  the 
furtlijt^  encouragement  of  the  trade 


and  manufactures  of  the  isle  of 
man,  and  for  improving  the  revenue 
thereof. 

Alore  cileciually  to  prevent  the 
stealing  of  deer. 

For  increa'^iijg  tlje  rates  of  sub- 
sistence to  be  paid  to  innkeepcra 
and  olliers  on  quartering  soldiers. 

For  extending  the  provision  of 
two  arts  of  the  tliirty-jiftii  and 
thirty-eighth  years  of  his  present 
majcfttr/,  so  far  as  they  rt^late.  to 
thecncourageiiiont  of  persons  coin- 
ing lo  Miltord  Maven  for  the  pur- 
ptise  of  carrying  on  tlie  soutliera 
whale  tisheiv'. 

JunclSy  1802- 

For  granting;  to  his  majesty  cer^ 
tain  sums  «»f  money  out  cX  the  ne-^ 
speetive  ro?i.':oli<I.iil'.d  fuiiis  of  Gi"eat 
Rrifiin  and  Ireland;  tor  applying 
certain  monies  tisercin  mentioned, 
for  the  scrv're  of  the  year  1802; 
and  for  fvnther  appropriating  the 
supplies  granted  in  this  session  of 
parilamei't. 

For  gianting  to  his  majesty  cer- 
tain additional  duties  on  goods  im- 
ported  into,    and  exported    from,    , 
Ireland. 

For  dv.»fraying  the  charge  of  the 
pay  of  the  militia  in  Ireland,  uqtll 
the  25th  day  of  March  1803  j  - 
and  for  holding  courts  martial  on  ser- 
geant-majors, sergeants,  corporal?, 
and  dnimmcrs,  for  otlenees  com- 
mitted during  the  time  such  militia 
shall  not  be  embodied. 

7  o  suppress  eetlaip  games   and 
lotteries  not  authorized  by  law- 

Also 
Road  and  bridge  bills       -      -       54 
Enclosure  bills      -      -      -      -     28 
Building  bills       -----     jq 
Canal  and  internal  navigation 

bills     -      -     -      -      -      -       10 

METJEOR- 


APPENDIX  Up  the  CHRONICLE. 


$09 


\ 

1 

i 

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604         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  18024 


STATE    PAPERS. 


Message  from   his   Majesty  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  15  th  February, 

G.  R. 

HIS  majesty,  feels  great  concern 
in  acquainting  tlie  house,  that 
the  provision  made  by  parliament 
for  defraying  tlie  expenses  of  his 
household  and  civil  government,  has 
been  found  inadctjuate  to  th^ir  sup- 
port. 

A  considerable  debt  has  in.  con- 
sequence been  unavoidably  incurred, 
an  account  of  which  he  has  ordered 
to  be  laid  before  this  house. 

His  majesty  relies  witli  confideAce 
en  the  zeal  and  aticction  of  his  faith- 
ful commons,  that  tlicy  will  take 
the  same  into' their  early  considera- 
tion, and  adopt  such  measures  as 
the  circumstances  may'  appear  to 
them  to  retpirc. 


Message  from  his    Majesty   to  the 
House  of  Comm(Ffis,  27th  April. 

G.  R. 

H:IS  majesty,  being  desirous  of 
making,  competent  provision 
for  the  honourable  support  and  main- 
tenance of  his  dearly  beloved  sons 
the  duke  of  Sussex  and  the  duke  of 
Cambridge,  which  the  monies  ap- 
plicable to  the  purpose  qf  his  ma- 
lesty's  civil  government  would  be 

f. ...    .'    • 


insufficient  to  defray,  desires  th^ 
assistance  of  parliament  for  thii 
purpose  3  and  his  majesty  relies  on 
the  afi'ection  of  his  faithful  co^« 
mons,  that  they  will  make  sn(£ 
provision  as  tlie  circumstances  of  tluk 
case  may  appear  to  require. . 


His  Majesty's  Speech  to  loth  Houses 
of  Parliament,  at  the  Close  of  the 
second  Stssion  of  the  Imperial  Par-* 
liament,  J/z/ze  28,  1802. 

My  lords  and  gentlemen, 

THE  public  business  being  con- 
cludc(i,   I  tliink  it  proper  to 
close  this  session  of  parliament.  , 

During  a  long  and  laborious  at*- 
tendance,  you  have  invariably  mani- 
fested tlie  just  sense  you  entert^o 
of  the  great  trust  committed  to  your 
charge.  The  objects  of  your  deli- 
berations have  been  unusually  nu-« 
merous  and  important,  and  I  de- 
rive tlie  utmost  satisfaction  from  the 
conviction,  that  tlie  wisdom  of  yoor 
proceedings  will  be  fully  proved  by 
their  effects,  in  promoting  the  best 
interests  of  my  people,  tliroughout 
every  part  of  my  dominions. 

Gentlemen  of  the  house  of 
commons. 
The  ample  provision   you  have 
m^de  for  the  various  branches  of  the^ 
public  service,  demands  my  warmest 

acknow- 


-     st;ate   papers.  ms' 

afikoo^ledgments;  and  my  particu-  duous  contest  in  which  we  ha\'e 
}u  thanks  are  due  for  the  liberality  been  engaged. 
TOichyou  have  shown  in  exdnerat-  The  same  sense  of  public  duty, 
iDg  my  cii^il,  government  and  house-  the  same  solicitude  for  tlic  welfare 
!^d  from  the  debts  with  which  they  of  your  country,  will,  now,  in  your 
were  unavoidably  burdened.  individual  characters,  induce  you  to 

^  JVhflst  I- regret  the  amount  of  the  encourage,  by  nil  the  means  in  your 
fupplies  which  circumstances  liave  power,  the  cuUi\-ation  and  improvc- 
iGodcred  necessary,  it  is  a  relief  to  ment  of  the  advantii<r(»s  of  peace.  •- 
m^  to  contemplate  the  state  of  our  My  endeavours  will  never  bewant- 
njapufactures,  commerce,  and  re-  ing  to  prcser\e  the  blessings,  by 
vpnue^  which  afford  the  most  d(?ci-  which  v/e  are  so  eminently  distin- 
•iyc  and  gratifying  proofs  of  the  guished,  and  to  prove  that  the  pro- 
AbundaDce  of  our  internal. resources,  sperity  and  happiness  of  all  classes 
and  iof  the  growing  prospeiity  of  the  of  may  faithful  subjects  are  the  ob- 
cdpnfxy.  jects  which  arc  always  tlie  nearest 

My  lords  and  gen demen,  to  my  heart. 

As  I  think  it  expedient  that  the •     . 

election  of  a  new  parliament  should 

t^  place  without  delay,  it  is  my    Lords  Protest  against    the  passing 

inteation   forthwith  to  give  direc-      of  the  Malt  Bill.    (ViiUiDthdXts.) 

tioQS,  for  dissolving  the  present^  and 

for  cabling  a  new  parliament.  Dissentient, 

.la  conmiunicating  to  you  this  in-     TJECAUSE  the  constitutional  ar- 
ten]tJ9n>  I  cannot  suppress  diose  sen-    JD  gument  which  was  urged  for 
tJinents  of  entire  approbation,  with    suspending  the  grant  of  any  supply, 
which  I ,  reflect  upon  every  part  of   until  the  accustomed  commimica- 
your  conduct,  since  I  first  met  you    tion  had  been  made  from  the  crown 
in  this. place.    The  unexampled  dif-    to  parhament,  rests  on  two  propo- 
ficplti^    of  our  situation  required    sitions  dra\\ii  from  the  law  and  us- 
thc  utmost  efforts  of  tlii^.^^iidom    age  of  parliament,  and  from  the  vely " 
and  fortitude,-  which  you  so  emi-    essence  of  die  British  constitution, 
nently.  displayed  in  contending  with    First,  tliat  no  grant  of  supply  can  in 
them,  and  by  which  they  have  been    any  case  be  made  to  the  crown,  ex- 
80  happily  surmounted.    From  your    cept  in  consequence  of  a  previous 
judicious  and  salutary  measures  dur-    demand  for  aid  j  and,  secondly,  that 
ing  the  last  year,  my  people  derived    such  demand  must  not  only  describe 
alhthe  relief  which  could  be  afforded    the  general  services  for  which  the 
under  one  of  tlie  severest  dispensa-  ^  aid  is  asked,  but  must  also  specify 
tions  of  Prpyidence.     And  it  was  by    whether  diose  semces  are  calculated 
the  spirit  and  determination  which    on  an  expectation  of  peace,  or  of  war, 
uniformly  animated  your  councils,    orof  preparation  for  war.  These  two 
aided  by  the   unprecedeitted  exer-    propositions    have  been    invariably" 
tiqns  of  my  fleets  and  armies,  and  die .  adopted  in  the  practice  of  our  consti- 
zealous   and  cordial  cooperation  of    tudon.     No  instance  ha§  yet -bcert 
ray  people,  tliat  I  was  enabled  to    alleged  in  which  they  have  ever  bdeii  ' 
prosecute  with  success,  and    termi-     violated,  except  in  the  present  case,  .• 
n^te  with  hoQOur,  the  lone  and  ar-  ,  and  their  jn^tenance  is. essentislt^-.i 

the 


606        ANNUAL  REGISTER,  180«. 


the  discharge  of  all  onr  most  iiinx)rt- 
ant  dutits.     If  parliament  can  nlone 
tlccide  upon  the  amount  of  the  sup- 
ply to  Ix;  granted,   it  is  «>hvion3  that 
parliament  must  be  informed  of  the 
extent  and  nature  of  the  sen-ioes 
wliicJi  that  supply  is  to  defray  5  a 
question  v.liich  must  always  <  essen- 
tially depend  on   the  pnmahility  or 
cerUunty  of  peace  or  --^'ar.     For  tlie 
solution  of  this  quc:*t'on  wcai-c  now 
referred  to  public  no'.oncty  nione. 
A\'e  answer,  that  the  eonsritiilion  of 
our  counir)'  entities  us  to  more  au- 
tJientic  information  :  that  such  is  the 
eourse  which  ilie  law  and  usage  of 
parliament   have    eslablished,     and 
LJiat,  unless  the  unifori:!  nractice  of 
our  ancestors  be  adhered  to  in  this 
respect,  we  oi'n  neither  satisfactorily 
regulate  our  own  conduct,  nor  judge 
as  we  ouiiht  of  the  measure-;  of  cfo- 
vernment.     But  we  d^'ny  that  any 
notoriety  a*-to  the.  point  in  que^stion 
does  in  fact  exist.     The  dangers  of 
the  countr}'  Are  indeed  sufficiently 
notorious,  but  parliament  is  yet  to 
learn  by  what  system  of  conduct  the 
king's  government  proposes  to  avert 
vr  to  ene(.)unter  those  dangers.     The 
determinations  of  the  ministers,  as 
far  35  wc  know  them,   have  bet^n 
luircrtain    and     riuct\iating,     their 
councils  undecided,  their  measures 
inconsistent,  and  their  language  con- 
tradictory.    We  are  called  upon  to 
pixDvidc  ibr  an  establishment  iargij 
beyond  all  former  example ;  but  we 
have  not  yet  been  disriiKtly  told,  not 
even  in  dt*baie,   much  less  in  tht; 
constitution;d  way  of  cr.mmunicn- 
tion  from  the  tlitDne,  what  is  the 
paipose  tlir  which  it  is  intended  to 
provide  ;    whether  this  be  a  peace 
establishment  calculated  to  hist  un- 
til the  power  of  France  be  reduced 
or  her  ambition  satiated ;  or  whether 
it  be  a  meiuun  of  UAiponur)-  prepa- 


ration which  is  to  apply  to  sonteiH>; 
tual  prcssinre,  or  to  sup]Mart  86tdb 
depending  negotiation  ;    or,  l&8d]r« 
whether  it  be  intended  to  meet  tbb  ■ 
imminent  danger  of  immediate  wari 
and  to  resist  the  continued  gFO^tlh- 
of  that  power  which  hourly  threatens 
our  own  destruction.     In  this  sitaa-  • 
tion,  yielding  to  no  men  in  Ululy,  loy-  ■ 
alty,  and  attacliment  to  the  crowH>   ' 
and  feeling  more  anxious  for  Uie  im*  ■ 
medir.te  adoption  of  all  practicaUor 
means  of  deience,  in  propartion  n 
our  sense  of  the  imi^nding  dangler 
is  jrrcater,  we  are  still  desirous  that 
srivic  siiort  interval  and  pause  sho'idd-' 
laki.  place  before  the  final  grant  of 
any  supply ;  though  we  desire  that 
such   inten-al  should  be  no   molt; " 
than  will  be  sufficient  to  enable  bn ; 
anajesty  to  shosv  to  us  the  samcgra* 
cious  confidence  which  his  inajcs^ 
and  his  royal  ancestors  have  reposed  '" 
in  all  preceding;  parliaments,  and  to 
])la4'e  us  in  a  situation  in  yi'hich  we  ' 
may,  without  violating  the  consTt- 
tuti(ui   of  our  countiy,   cheeriVilly 
concur  in  granting  to  his  majesty  aH 
such  aids  as  the  present  exigency  l>f 
aflliirs  does,  in  our  opinion^  pccidi- 
arly  demand. 

Spencer. 

Grenville. 

Blinto. 

Car^'stbrt. 

Carlisle. 


Message  from    his  Majcsti/   to  tht 
Houjie  of  CoTumorii,  June  11, 

G.  R. 

HIS  maiest}'  having  taken  into 
his  ro}-^  consideration  the 
eminent  services  jxrrfomied  by  lieut. 
general  lord  Hutchinson,  during  this 
late  fi^orious  ami  sncccssfiil  campaign 
iu  Egypt,  and  beipg  desirous  qt'  be* 

«co\vin^ 


STATE    PAPERS. 


607 


itowttig  upon  die  said  lord  Hutch  iq- 
Km  a  sigual  mark  of  his  Toyi\\  txivour 
aud  approbation,  and  tor  this  pur- 
pose to  give  and  grant  unto  the  said 
HUtenaat-geDcral  lard  Hutchinson, 
aud  the  two  next  succeeding  he*r« 
male  of  his  Ixxly,  to  whom  the  title 
of  baron  Hutt^hijison,  of  yUexa.idria, 
aod  of  KnocJd oft}*",  in  tiie  county  of 
Tipperary,  shall  descend,  a  net  an- 
nuity of  201X)/.  5  recommends  it  to 
hi3  ^itliftd  commons  to  consider  of 
a  proper  method  of  eniibling  his 
majesty  to  grant  tiie  same,  aud  of 
dtenciing,  securing,  and  scttlin;^, 
mkIi  mimiity  upon  the  said  lieut. 
gen.  lord  Hutchinson,  and  the  tv  o 
next  succeeding  heirs  on  whom  tlic 
title  of  baron  Hutehiuj^on,  ofAlcx- 
andria«  and  of  Knock  lofty,  .in  the 
county  of  Tipperary,  shall  descend, 
ia  such -manner  as  Minll  he  diought 
more  tilectu.d  for  tlie  benetit  of 
the  said  lord  HutciiIn:son  and  his  fa* 
niily. 


His  Majestifs  Speech  (o  loth  Houses, 
9n    ofieniffg    the   third  Si'.\'si(>fi  of 
(he  Imperial  rarliamcnt,  Nuv.'l'J^, 
1802. 

]My  \iv:di%  and  gentlemen, 

IT  is  highly  grati tying  to  me  to  re- 
sort to  yoiu*  advice  and  assistance 
after  the  opportunity  which  1ms  been 
recently  aliorded  of  collecting  tlie 
sense  of  my  people. 

The  inierual  prosperity  of  the 
countr}'  has  realized  our  mo?:t  san- 
gifiiie  hup«*s.  VvV,  have  experienced 
the  buuniy  cjf  diviiK-  Providence  in 
ibe  produce  of  ju;  i'i>>::idanl  Ijaivest  j 
the  state  of  the  niiiiiullicUircs,  coni- 
merre,  and  rextjia.'  (jf  my  united 
tingdoni  is  i[i.»iri.sLing  beyond  ex- 
ample i   aad  tiie  .'oyijiiy  and  aitoui- 


mcnt  which  are  manifested  to  r&jr 
person  and  government  alFord  the 
strongest  indications  of  the  just  sense 
that  is  entertained  of  the  numeroiij 
blessings  enjoyed  under  tlie  protec- 
tion of  our  happy  constitution. 

In  my  intercourse  with  foreign 
powers  I  have  been  actuated  by  a 
sincere  disposition  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  peace  J  it  is  nevertheless  im- 
possible for  me  to  lose  sight  of  that 
established  and  wise  system  of  po- 
licy by  which  the  interests  of  other 
-States  are  connected  with  our  own; 
and  I  cannot  tliercfore  be  indifferent 
to  any  material  change  in  their  re*- 
latl\'e  condition  and  strength.  My 
conduct  will  he  invariably  regulated 
by  a  due  consideration  of  the  actual 
situation  of  Europe,  and  by  a  watch- 
ful solicitude  ibr  the  permanent  wel- 
fare of  my  people.  You  will,  I  am 
l)crsu;»ded,  agree  with  me  in  think- 
ing tliat  it  is  incumbent  upon  us  to 
adopt  tliose.  means  of  security  which 
are  best  calculated  to  afford  the  pro- 
spect of  preser\'ing  to  my  subjects 
the  blcssinr;s  of  peace. 

Ge;ntiemeii  of  the  house  of 
commons, 

I  have  ordered  the  estimates  for 
tlie  ensuing  year  to  be  laid  before 
you  5  and  rely  on  your  zeal  and  li- 
t)crality  iu  providing  for  the  varioui 
brandies  of  die  .  public  service, 
which,  it  is  a  great  satisfaction  to 
luc  to  tliink,  may  be  fully  accom- 
plished v/idiout  any  considerable  ad- 
dition to  the  burdens  of  my  people^ 
My  lords  antl  gentlemen, 

I  contemplate,  witli  die  utmost 
satisfaction,  the  great  and  increasing  • 
benefits  produced  by  that  important 
measure  whii*h  has  united  die  inte- 
rests and  consolidated  the  resources 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  The 
ifiuproy(i(Utf%2t;  aud  e&tezision  of  diese 

.    .     jidvaiitages 


608 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802. 


advantage*  will  be  objects  of  your  end"  to  the  calamities  of  war,  haVA 
uurcmitrini^  care  and  attention,  laid  tlie  foundation  of  peace,  by  the 
The  trade  and  commerce  of  my  sub-  preliminary  articles,  which  were 
ject.s,  so  essential  to  the  support  of  signed  in  London  the  ptli  Vendue 
fiublic  credit,  and  of  our  maritime  miaire,  (or  the  1st  of  Octobeir 
strength,  will,  I  am  persuaded,  rt-     1801). 

reive  from  you  every  p<>*jsible  en-        And  as  by  the  15th  article  of  tlie' 
couragement;  and  you  will  readily    preliminaries  it  has  been  agreed  on, 
Unid  your  assistance  in  affording  to    '^  that  plcnipotentaries    sliould    bfr 
ii)ercantile   transactions,    in    every    named  on  the  part  of  each  govern-     ^ 
part  of  my  united  kingdom,  all  the  fa-     mcnt,  who  should  repair  to  Amiens, 
tuiity  and  accommodation  that  may    and  there  proceed  to  arrange  a  deli-     ' 
be  consistent  with  the  security  of    nitive   treaty,   in  conceit  with  ihcf    I 
ilir,  public  revenue.  allies  «f  the  contracting  powers,"  J 

To   uphold    die  honour  of  the        The  first  consul  of  the   French 

republic,  in  the  name  of  the  Fren^    . 
]x?ople,  has    named   as  plenipoten- 
tiary the  citizen  Joseph  Buonapart6j 


cniiury,  to  encourage  its  uidus- 
tT,  to  imi)rove  its  resources,  and 
to  maintain  the  true  principles 
of  the  co^istitution  in  church  and 
stnte,  are  the  great  and  leading 
<!uties  which  you  are  called  upon  to 
discharge.  In  the  performance  of 
them,  vou  mav  be  assured  of  mv 
uniform  and  cordial  support ;  it  be- 
iug  my  most  earnest  wisli  to  culti- 
vate a  perfect  harmony  and  confi- 
dence between  me  and  my  parlia- 


counsellor  of  state  : 

His  majesty  the  king  of  the  • 
united  kingtlom  of  Great  Britain  ' 
and  Ireland,  has  named  the  marqma 
Comwidlis,  knight  of  the  most  nor*  j 
ble  order  of  the  garter,  one  of  hir" 
majesty's  privy  coimcil,  general  in^  ; 
his  majesty's  army,  &:c.  &c.: 

His  majesty  the  king  of  Spain 


ment,  and  to  promote  to  the  utmost    and  the  Indies,  and  die  governnienC 
the  welfare  of  my  faithful  subjects,    of  the  Batavian  republic,  have  ap-  -\ 
whose  interests  and  happiness  I  shall    pointed  the    following  plenipoten- 
C^er  consider  as  mseparable  from  my    tiaries,  to  wit,  his  catholic  majesty 
own.  has    named    Don    Joseph    Nicolas 

d'Azara,    his    counsellor  of  state, 

grand  cross  of  the  order  of  Chades 
III.  ambassador  exinu)rdinary  of  hik  \ 
majesty    to  the    Fi-euch    republic,' 

&c.  &c;: 

And  the  government  of  the  Ba- 
tavian  republic,  has  named  Roger 
jean  Schimmelpenninck  its  ambas- 
sador  extraordinary  to  the  French  , 
republic,  &c.: 

Which  said  plcniix^ten tiaries  bav- 
in t^  duly  ct)mmunieated  to  each 
other  their  reipecti\e  powers,  which 


Dt^iniiire  Treaty  of  Peace  httreen 
■  the  Fi emit  livpul'lk,  his  Majesty 
the  King  of  Spain  and  the  Indies, 
and  the  Batacian  RepuHic  (en 
the  one  Part)  ;  and  his  Majesty, 
the  AVwif  of  the' United  Kimrdom 
of  Gnat  Britain  and  Ireland  (on 
the  other  Par tj. 


THE  first  consul  of  the  French 
repiibiic,  in  the  name   of  tlic 
French  people,  and  his  majesty  tlie 

ki:^'^  (u'the  unitid  kingdom  of  Great  are  transcribed  at  the  conclusion  of 

IJriiiVm  and  IrelamU    bwng  equally  the  pre «Jcnt  treaty,  have  agreed  uiK)B 

aiiimated  uiih   u  dfsire  to  put  an  the  t allowing  arfulis: 

Anicft 


STATE      PAPERS. 


609 


Article  I.  There  shall  be  peace, 
friendship^  and  good  understanding 
between  the  French  republic,  his 
majesty  the  king  of  Spain,  his  heirs 
and  successors^  and  the  Batavian  re- 
public, on  the  one  part,  and  his  ma- 
jesty the  king  of  the  united  king- 
dom of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
his  heirs  and  successors,  on  the 
other  part. 

The  contracting  parties  shall  use 
their  utmost  eftbrts  to  preser\'e  a 
perfect  harmony  between  their  re- 
spective countries,  witliout  permit- 
ting any  act  of  hostility  whatever  by 
aea  or  by  land,  for  any  cause,  or 
under  any  pretext. 
■  They  shall  carefully  avoid  every 
thing  which  might  for  the  fuliue 
disturb  the  happy  union  now  reesta- 
blished between  them,  and  shall  not 
give  any  succour  or  protection,  di- 
rectly or  indirectly,  to  those  who 
would  wish  to  injure  any  oftliem. 

II.  All  the  prisoners  made  on  one 
side  and  the  other,  as  well  by  land 
as  by  sea,  and  the  hostages  carried 
off,  or  delivered  up  during  the  war, 
and  up  to  the  present  day,  shall  be  re- 
stored without  ransom  in  six  weeks 
at  the  latest,  to  be  reekoned  from  ilie 
day  when  the  rati  flea;  ion.,  of  the 
present  treaty  are  exchanged,  and 
on  paying  the  debls  whieh  ihey 
shall  have  contracted  durins;  their 
captivity.  Each  c.t  tlie  coiUiacting 
parties  siiall  repp'.cti\ely  di>charp;e 
the  advances  whicu  shuU  lirive  been 
inad<:  bv  any  of  the  coutiactinir  :*ar- 
ties,  for  the  su'.port  and  mainte- 
nance of  prisoners  \,\  the  countries 
where  they  have  htir.ii  detained. 
There  shall  be  a]y[-c/.r.  -d  by  mutual 
consent  for  this  purpose  acorn- 
mission,  especially  <'nipowcied  .o 
ascertain  and  determine  tlic  com- 
pensation which  n^.ay  be  due  to  any 
©neofthe  contra:^tinor  nnvtic>.    The 

Vol.  XUV. 


time  and  the  place  shall  likewi:<c  be 
fixed,  by  mutual  consent,  for  J  he 
meeting  of  the  commissioners,  who 
shall  be  entrusted  with  the  execu- 
tion of  this  article,  and  who  shall 
take  into  account,  not  only  xhc  ex- 
penses incurred  on  account  of  the 
prisoners  of  the  repective  nations, 
but  likewise  on  account  of  die  fo- 
reign troops,  who,  before  being 
taken,  were  in  die  pay,  and  at  tlie 
disposal  of  one  of  die  contracting 
parties. 

III.  His  Britannic  majesty  re- 
stores to  the  French  repul  lie  ,\nd 
its  allies,  viz.  Ids  Catholic  majesty 
and  the  Batavian  republic,  all  the 
possessions  and  colonies  which  rc- 
si>ectively  belonged  to  them,  and 
which  have  been  either  occupied  or 
conquered  by  the  British  forces, 
during  the  course  of  the  present  war, 
with  die  exception  of  the  island  of 
Trinidad,  and  of  the  Dutch  ix>sscs- 
sion.T  on  die  islruid  of  Ceylon. 

His  Cadiolic  majesty  cedes  and 
guarantees,  in  ftiU  property  and  so- 
vereignty, the  island  of  Trinidad  to 
his  Britannic  majesty. 

V.  The  Batavian  republic  cedes 
and  guaranties,  in  full  property 
and  sovereignty,  to  his  Britannic 
majesty,  all  the  possessions  and 
establishments  in  the  island  of  Cey- 
lon, which  previous  to  the  war  be- 
longed to  the  reptiblic  of  the  united 
provinces,  or  to  the  Dutch  East 
India  company. 

VI.  The  port  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  remains  to  the  Batavian  re- 
public in  full  sovereignty,  in  the 
saiue  mamier  as  it  did  previous  to 
tlic  w:ij-. 

Tlitr  ships  of  every  kind  belong- 
ing to  the  other  contmcting  parties, 
shall  be  allowed  to  enter  the  said 
ports,  and  there  to  purchase  what 
provisions  they  may  stand  in  need 
of  as  heretofore;  \\'*hout  b.*ing  lia- 
R  r  bJe 


(>10 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


bic  to  piy  r;ny  oilier  impo^U  tlnn 
s'J'-h  as  tlv'  ri;jtaviaii  rcpiiMic  '^oiii- 
p'^hthc  ^r.'pi(.f  its  owninlioiUopay. 

VII.  l  lu^  •fiiit-jries  and  po/.ses- 
sions  of  !■■■;  mn.^t  Faitiiful  ninjosty 
are  ninintniu-d  in  their  integrity, 
such  3s  fbey  were  antecedent  to  the 
\\?.r.  IIo\v(vrrthc  boundaries  of 
Frcnoli  r.iv.l  r(irtu:i;uese  Guiana 
arc  ii:it'd  l>y  the  river  Arrowary, 
whi(  11  cmpti(\s  itself  into  the  ocean 
above  Cap.'  North,  near  the  islands 
Nuovo  and  IVnetentia.  about  a  de- 
gree and  a  third  of  north  lati- 
tud::.  Ihoc  boundaries  shall  run 
r?lc)ni«;  the  river  Arroway,  froiu  its 
mouth,  the  most  distant  from  Cape 
North,  to  its  so!irce,  and  afterwards 
on  a  right  line,  drawn  from  tliat 
source,  to  {\\(:  Rio  Brunco,  towards 
the  ^'e^t. 

In  rnu'^C'iucnce,  the  northern 
uank  of  the  river  Arro wary,  from  its 
said  mouth  to  its  source,  and  the  ter- 
ritoricUhat  lie  to  the  north  of  theliiie 
of  bounH.irlcs  laid  down  as  abcnc, 
sliall  bclt)ng  in  full  sovereignty  to  the 
French  republic. 

TJic  soutliern  bank  of  the  said  ri- 
vrvy  fiMin  tlie  same  mouth,  and  all 
the  t'MTitorics  to  the  south  of  the 
«ai<l  line,  shall  belong  to  her  most 
yaithful  majesty. 

The  navigation  of  the  river  Ano- 
wary,  alon.^  the  whole  of  its  course, 
islv.!]]  be  coir.Mion  to  both  nations. 

I'he  arrauiremcnts  which  have 
hc.L'n  agrcTil  upon  between  the 
rour!.i  of  Madrid  and  Lisbon,  re- 
specting the  su:ttlemcnt  of  their 
boundaries  in  Europe,  shall  nevcr- 
tlielcss  be  adhered  to  conformably 
to  the  stipulations  of  the  treaty  of 
Badtyos. 

VIII.  The  territories,  possessions, 
and  rights  of  tlic  sublime  Porte., 
are  maintained  in  their  integrity,  as 
they  were  before  the  war. 


IX.  The  republic  of  the  Seven 
Islands  is  recognised. 

X.  Tiie  islands  of  Malta^  Gozo, 
and  Comino,  sliall  be  restored  to  the 
order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  to 
be  held  on  the  same  conditions  or 
which  it  passessed  tliem  before  the 
war,  and  under  tlie  following  stipu- 
lations. 

J.  The  knights  of  the  order  whose 
Lnjitrucs  shall  continue  to  subsist, 
after  tlie  exchange  of  tlie  ratification 
of  the  present  treaty,  are  invited  to 
return  to  Malta,  as  soon  as  the  ex- 
cliange  shall  have  taken  place.  They 
siiall  there  form  a  general  chapter, 
and  proceed  to  the  election  of  a 
grand  master,  chosen  from  among 
the  natives  of  those  nations  which- 
arc  to  prrher\'e  their  Lavgues,  unless 
that  cieclion  has  been  already  made 
sine  e  the  cxcliange  oi  the  prelimi- 
naries. 

It  is  understood  that  an  election 
made  subst  quent  to  tliat  epoch,  shall 
alone  be  considered  valid,  to  the 
exclusion  of  any  other  that  may  have 
taken  place  at  any  i}eriod  prior  to 
that  epoch. 

2. 1'he  governments  of  the  French 
republic,  and  of  Great  Britain,  de- 
siring to  place  the  order  and  island 
of  Miilta  in  a  state  of  entire  indepen- 
tionce  wieh  respect  to  themselves, 
agree  that  there  shall  not  be  in  future 
eitlicr  a  Frcncli  or  an  EnglishLa/z^i/e  ; 
and  that  no  individual  belonging  to 
either  the  one  or  the  other  of  these 
powers  shall  be  admitted  into  the 
order. 

3.  There  shall  he  establislied  a 
Maltese  Langue,  wliicli  sliall  be  sup- 
ported by  the  territorial  revenues 
and  commercial  duties  of  tlie  island. 
Tliis  Langue  shall  have  its  peculiar 
dl'j'nitie.s,  an  establishment  and  a 
mansion-house.  Proots  of  nobility 
shall  not  be  necessary  for  the  admis- 
sion 


STATE      PAPERS. 


611 


sion  of  knights  of  this  Langue ;  and 
they  shall  be  moreover  admissi- 
ble to  all  offices,  and  shall  enjoy  all 
prmleges,  iji  the  same  manner  £is  the 
knights  of  tlie  other  Langues.  At 
least  half  of  the  municipal,  admini- 
strative, civil,  judicial,  and  other  em- 
ployments depending  on  the  govern- 
ment, shall  be  filled  by  inhabitants 
of  the  islands  of  Malta^  Gozc^^  and 
Comino. 

The  forces  of  his  Britannic  ma- 
jesty shall  evacuate  the  island,  and  its 
dqiendencies,  within  three  montlis 
from  the  exchangee  of  tlie  ratifica- 
tions, or  sooner  if  possible.  At  that 
epoch  it  shall  be  given  up  to  the  or- 
der in  its  present  state,  provided  tlie 
grand  master,  or  commissaiics,  fully 
authorized  according  to  the  statures 
of  the  order,  shall  be  in  the  island  to 
take  possession,  and  that  the*  force 
which  is  to  be  provided  by  his  Sici- 
lian majesty,  as  is  hereafter  stipu- 
lated, shall  have  arrived  there. 

5.  One  half  of  the  garrison  at 
least  shall  always  be  comp(5.;ed  of 
native  Maltese  j  for  the  reinainrlt*r, 
the  order  may  le\y  recruits  in  iho>)C 
countries  only  which  continue  \.u 
possess  tlic  Langues.  The  Maltese 
troops  shall  have  Maltese  ofiiccrs. 
The  commandership  in  chief  of  the 
gan'ison,  as  well  as  the  iioiiii nation 
of  the  officers,  shall  ])ertain  to  the 
gnaid  master,  and  this  right  he  can- 
not resign  even  temj)orarily,  except 
iniavourof  a  knigbi,and  in  concur- 
rt-nce  with  the  advice  (;t'  the  council 
of  the  order. 

6.  The  independence  of  the  isles 
of  Alalta,  of  Go/o,  and  Comino,  as 
well  as  the  prcj^ent  anangemcnt, 
bhall  be  placed  under  the  protection 
and  guarantee  of  France,  Great  Ijs  i- 
tain,  Austria,  Spain,  Rusiiia,  and 
Prussia. 

"/,    The  neutrality  of  the  order 


and  of  the  island  of  Malta,  with  itfr 
dependencies,  is  hereby  proclaimed. 

8.  The  ports  of  Malti  shall  be 
opened  to  the  commerce  and  the 
navigation  of  all  nations,  who  shall 
there  pay  equal  and  moderate  duties : 
these  duties  shall  be  applied  to  tlic 
maintenance  of  the  Maltese  Langue, 
as  specified  in  paragraph  3,  to  that 
of  the  civil  and  military  establish- 
ments of  the  island,  as  well  as  to  that 
of  a  general  lazaret,  open  to  all  co- 
lours. 

9.  The  states  of  Barbapy  are  ex- 
cepted fr6m  the  conditions  of  the 
preceding  paragraphs,  until,  by 
means  of  an  arrangement  to  be  pro- 
cured by  tlie  contracting  pai'ties^ 
the  system  of  hostilities,  which  sub- 
sists between  the  states  of  Barbaiy, 
and  the  order  of  St.  John,  or  tlie 
powers  possessing  the  Lavgues,  or 
concurring  in  the  composition  of  th« 
order,  shall  have  ceased. 

10.  The  order  shall  be  governed, 
both  with  respect  to  spirituals  and  ' 
temjxirals,  by  the  same  statutes 
which  were  in  force  when  tlie 
knights  left  the  isle,  as  far  as  the 
jjresent  treaty  does  Bot  abrogate 
them. 

11.  The  regulations  contained  in 
the  paragraphs  3,  5,  7,  8,  and  10, 
shall  be  converted  into  laws  and 
jicrpetual  statutes  of  tlie  order,  in 
the  customary  manner;  and  the 
grand  master,  or,  if  he  shall  not  be 
in  the  island  at  the  time  of  its  re- 
storation to  the  order,  his  represen- 
tative, as  well  as  his  successors,  shall 
be  bound  to  take  an  oatli  for  tlieir 
punctuid  observance. 

12.  His  Sicilian  majesty  shall  be 
invited  to  fuj'nish  2000  mei^,. natives 
of  his  stales,  to  serve  as  a.  garrison 
in  the  diliVrent  fortresses  of  the  said 
islands.  Tiiat  force  shall  remain 
oiie  year,  to  bear  date  from  tlieir 

11  r  2  restitution 


612        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


restitution  to  the  knights ;  and  if,  from  the  notification  of  the  present 
at  the  expiration  of  this  term,  the  treaty,  to  dispose  of  all  their  pro- 
order  should  not  have  raised  a  force  perties,  whether  acquired  or  posess- 
sufficient,  in  the  judgment  of  the  ed  by  tlicm  before  or  during  the 
guarantying  powers  to  garrison  the  continuance  of  the  present  war;  dur- 
island  and  its  dependencies,  as  is  ing  which  term  of  three  years,  they 
specified  in  the  5th  paragraph,  the  shall  have  free  and  en tireliberty  to  ex- 
Neapolitan  troops  shall  continue  ercise  their  religion,  and  to  enjoy  their 
tliere  until  they  shall  be  replaced  fortunes.  Tlie  same  [wwer  is  granted 
by  a  force  deemed  sufficient  by  the  in  the  countries  that  are  hereby  re- 


said  powers. 

13.  The  different  powers  design- 
ated in  the  6th  paragraph,  to  wit, 
France,  Great  Britain, Austria,  Spain, 
Russia,  and  Prussia,  shall  be  invited 
to  accede  to  the  present  stipulations. 

XI.  The  French  troops  shall  eva- 
cute  the  kingdom  of  Naples  and  the 
Roman  states ;  the  English  forces 
shall  also  evacuate  Porto  Fcrrajo, 
and  generally  all  the  ports  and  is- 
lands, that  they  occupy  in  tlic  Me- 
diterranean or  tlie  Adriatic. 

XII.  The  evacuations,  cessions, 
and  restitutions,  stipulated  by  the 
present  treaty,  shall  be  executed  in 
Europe  within  a  month;  on  the 
continent  and  seas  of  America  and 
Africa  in  three  months;  on  the 
continent  and  seas  of  Asia  in  six 
months,  which  shall  foUow  the  rati- 
fication of   the    present   definitive 


stored,  to  all  persons,  whether  inha- 
bitants or  not,  who  shaU  have  formed 
any  establishments  there,  during  the 
time  that  those  countries  were  in 
the  possession  of  Great  Britain. 

As  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  coun- 
tries restored  or  ceded,  it  is  hereby 
agreed,  that  no  person  shall,  under 
any  pretence,  be  prosecuted,  dis- 
turbed, or  molested,  either  in  person 
or  property,  on  account  of  his  poli- 
tical conduct  or  opinion,  or  for  his 
attachment  to  any  of  the  contracting 
parties,  on  any  account  whatever, 
except  for  debts  contracted  witli  in- 
dividuals, or  for  acts  subsequent  to 
the  present  treaty. 

XIV.  All  the  sequestrations  laid 
on  either  side  on  funds,  revenues, 
and  credits,  of  what  nature  soever 
they  may  be,  belonging  to  any  of 
the  contracting  powers,  or  to  their 


treaty,  except  in  case  of  a  special  citizens  or  subjects,  shall  be  taken 

reservation.  off  immediately  after  the  signature 

XIII.  In  all  cases  of  restitution,  of  this  definitive  treaty, 

agreed  upon  by  tlie  present  treaty.  The  decision  of  all  claims  among 

the  fortifications  shall  he  restored  in  the  individuals  of  the  respective  na- 

the  condition  they  were  in  at  the  tions,  for  debts,  property,  eflects,  or 

time  of  signing  the  preliminaries ;  riglits,   of  any  nature  whatsoever, 

and  all  the  works  which  shall  have  which  should,  according  to  received 

been  constructed  since  their  occu-  usages,  and  the  law  ot  nations,  be 

pation  shall  remain  untouclud.  preferred  at  the  epoch  of  the  peace. 

It  is  agreed  besides,  tliat  in  all  the  shall  be  referred  to  the  competent 


stipulated  cases  of  cessions,  there 
shall  be*  allowed  to  the  inhabi^a;»Ts, 
of  whatever  rank  or  ivdOr >  • '  'rcv  .\  .i v 
be,  a  tc-'nof ti'-r*.'"  .i^:.:.  :t/.".  )•.•'::'. 


tril)unais :  in  all  tliose  cases  speedy 
?r<\  complete  justice  shall  be  done 
ij-  die  countries  wherein  those  claims 
■Lall  be  respectively  preferred. 

XV.  The 


STATE     PAPERS. 


613 


XV.  Tbe  fisheries  on  the  coasts  of 
Newfoundland,  and  of  the  adjacent 
islands,  and  in  tlie  gulph  of  St. 
Laarence,  are  placed  on  the  same 
footing  -as  they  were  before  the 
war. 

The  French  fishermen  of  New- 
foundland, and  tiie  inhabitants  of  the 
islands. of  St.  Pierre  andMiquelon, 
shall  have  hberty  to  cut  such  wood 
as  may  be  necessary  for  them  in  the 
bays  of  Fortune  and  Despair  during 
the  first  year,  reckoning  from  the 
ratification  of  the  present  treaty. 

XVI.  To  prevent  all  grounds  of 
complaint  and  disputes  which  might 
arise  on  account  of  captures  which 
may  have  been  made  at  sea  sub- 
sequent to  the  signing  of  the  pre- 
liminaries, it  is  reciprocally  agreed 
that  the  ships  and  property  which 
may  have  been  taken  in  tlie  chan- 
nd,  and  in  the  north  ssas,  after  a 
space  of  twelve  days,  reckoning 
from  tlie  exchange  of  tlie  ratifications 
of  the  preliminary  articles,  shall  be 
restored  on  the  one  side  and  the 
other;  that  the  term  shall  be  one 
month  for  the  space,  from  tlie  chan- 
nel and  the  north  seas,  as  far  as  the 
Canary  islands  inclusively,  as  well 
in  the  ocean  as  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean; two  months  from  the  Ca- 
nary islands  to  the  equator  j  and, 
fin^y,  five  montlis  in  all  the  other 
parts  of  the  world,  witliout  any 
further  exception  or  distinction  of 
time  orplace. 

XVII.  The  ambassadors,  mini- 
sxas,  and  other  agents  of  the  con- 
tracting powers,  shall  enjoy  respec- 
tively in  the  states  of  the  said  powers 
the  same  rank,  privileges,  preroga- 
tives, and  immunities,  which  were 
enjoyed  before  the  war  by  agents  of 
the  same  class. 

XVIII.  The  branch  of  tlie  house 


of  Nassau,  which  was  established  in 
the  ci-devant  republic  of  the  imited 
pro\dnces,  now  the  Batavian  re- 
public,  having  experienced  some 
losses,  as  well  witli  respect  to  pri- 
vate property  as  by  the  change  of 
constitution  adopted  in  those  coun- 
tries, an  equivalent  compensation 
shall  be  procured  for  the  losses  which  . 
it  si  1  all  be  proved  to  have  sus- 
tained. 

XIX.  The  present  definitive  treaty 
of  peace  is  declared  conmion  to  the 
sublime  Ottoman  Porte,  the  ally  of 
his  Britannic  majesty  -,  and  the  su- 
blime Porte  shall  be  invited  to  trans- 
mit its  act  of  accession  as  soon  as 
possible. 

XX.  It  is  agreed  that  the  con- 
tracting parties,    upon  requisitions 
made  by  them  respectively,  or  by 
their  ministers,  or  officers  duly  au- 
thorized for  that  purpose,  shall  be 
bound  to  deliver  up  to  justice  per- 
sons accused  of  murder,  forgery,  or 
fraudulent  bankruptcy,   committed 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  re- 
quiring  party,    provided  that  this 
shall  only  be  done  in  cases  in  which 
the  evidence  of  the  crime  shall  be 
such,  that  the  laws  of  the  place  in 
which  the  accused  persons  shall  be 
discovered,  would  have  authorized 
the  detaining  and  bringing  him  to 
trial,  had  the  otFence  been  commit- 
ted there.     The  expenses  of  the  ar- 
rest   and  the  prosccutidn  shall  be 
defrayed  by  the  party  making  the 
requisition  j     but    this  article    has 
no  sort  of  reference  to   crimes  of 
murder,     forgery,     or    fraudulent 
bankruptcy,  committed  before  the 
conclusion  of  this  definitive  treaty. 

XXI.  The  contracting  parties  pro- 
mise to  observe  sincerely  and  faitli- 
fully  all  the  articles  contained  in  the 
present  treaty,  and  will  not  suffer 
R  r  ^  any 


614        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


any  s«rt  ef  counteraction,  direct 
or  indirect,  to  be  made  to  it  by 
their  citizens,  or  respective  subjects  5 
and  the  contracting  parties  gua- 
ranty, generally  and  reciprocally, 
all  the  stipulations  of  the  present 
trfcaty. 

XXIf.  The  present  treaty  shall  be 
rntilii'd  by  the  contracting  parties,  as 
soon  as  possible,  and  the  ratifications 
fhall  be  exchanged  in  due  form  at 
Paris. 

In  testimony  whereof,  \ve,  tlie 
undersigned  plenipotentiaries,  have 
signed  with  our  hands,  and  in  virtue 
of  our  respective  full  powers,  die 
present  definitive  treaty,  causing  it 
to  be  sciilcd  with  our  respective 
seals. 

Done  at  Amiens,  the  4th  Germi- 
nal, in  the  year  10  (March  25, 
J  802). 
(Signed)    Bonaparte. 
Coniwallis. 
Azara,  and 
Schimmclpcnninck, 
(A  conect  copy)    J.  Bonaparte. 


Separate  Article  to  the  Defiint'we 
Treaty,  added  thereto  jMarch  2/, 
1802. 

It  is  agreed  that  the  omission  of 
some  titles  which  may  have  taken 
]>lncc  in  the  present  treaty,  shall  not 
be  prejudicial  to  the  powers  or  to 
tiie  i:)ersons  concerned. 

It  is  further  agreed,  that  the  Eng- 
lish and  French  languages,  made 
use  of  in  all  the  copies  of  the  pre- 
fccnt  treaty,  shall  not  form  an  ex- 
ample, which  may  be  alleged  or 
quoted  as  a  precedent,  or  in  any 
riianner  prejudice  the  contracting 
powers  whose  languages  have  not 
Ix^en  used  5  and  that  tor  the  future 
what  has  been  observed,   and  ought 


to  be  observed,  with  regard  to,  and 
on  tlie  part  of  powers  whcJ  arc  ill. 
the  practice  and  possession  of  giving  ', 
and  receiving  copies  of  like  treaties 
in  any  other  language,  shall  be  con- 
formed with  5  the  present  treaty 
having  nevertheless  the  same  force 
and  virtue  as  if  the  aforesaid  prac-* 
tice  had  been  therein  obser\'ed. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  thejiQderr 
written  plenipotentiaries  of  his  Bri- 
tannic majesty,  of  the  French  re- 
public, of  his  Catholic  majesty,  and  ' 
of  the  Batavian  republic,  have  signed 
the  present  separate  article,  and  nave 
caused  our  respective  seals  to  be  af- 
fixed thereto. 

Done  at  Amiens,  the  twenty- 
seventh  day  of  March  1802, 
tlie  6th  Germinal,  year  10  of 
the  French  republic.  i 

(L.S.)      Cornwallis.  i 

Joseph  Bonaparte.  •, 

J.  Nicholas  De  Azara. 
B.  J.  Schimmelpenninck.    I 


— ; i 

Separate  Conventimi  hetween  France  .-, 
and  the  Batavian  Rt^public,  expla*  < 
natory  of  the  18/A  Article  of  the  •: 
Definitive  Treaty  between  France,  \ 
Spain,  and  Holia^id,  on  the  one.  '  \ 
Part,  and  Great- Britain  on  the  ^ 
other  Part,  •  i 

'  i 
The  undersigned  plenipotentiaiT'    ! 
of  the  French  republic  declares,  con-    ' 
formably  to  existing  stipulations  b^ 
tween  the  French  and  Batavian  re- 
publics, and  in  virtue  of  special  in-'    " 
structions  with  which  he    is  fur-     - 
nished  to  that  effect  on  the  part  of 
his  government,  that  it  is  understood 
that  the  indemnity  stipulated  in  1^- 
vour  of  the  house  of  Nassau,  in  the 
ISth   article  of  the  present  treaty, 
shall  not  upon  any  account,  or  in 

any 


STATE    PAPERS. 


615 


any  manner^  be  at  the  charge  of  the 
Botavian  republic  -,  the  French  go- 
vtmmciit  being  guarantied  to  this 
cfiect  towards  the  said  republic. 

The  undersigned  plenipotentiary 
.of  tbeBatavian  republic,  in  the  name 
«f  his  govemnient,  accepts  the  above 
declaration/  as  explanatory  of  the 
aforesaid  18th  article  of  the  defini- 
tive treaty,  signed  this  day  by  the 
plenipotentiaries  of  the  four  con- 
tracting powers. 

The  present  act  shall  be  pre- 
sented at  the  ratification  of  the  two 
respective  governments,  and  the  ra- 
tifications exchanged  in  due  form. 

Done  at  Ameins,  March  27tli. 
(Signed)     J.  Bonaparte, 

R.  J.  Schimmelpenninck. 


'     Bv  the    KING.— A    Proclamation. 
'G.  R. 

WHEREAS  a  drfmitive  treaty 
of  peace  and  friendship  be- 
tween us,  the  French  republic,  his 
Catliolic  majest}%  and  the  Batavian 
republic,  hath  been  concluded  at 
Amiens,  on  tlie  twenty -seventh  day 
of  March  last,  and  tlie  ratifications 
thereof  have  been  duly  exchanged: 
ia  coufonuity  thereunto,  We  have 
thought  fit  hereby  to  command  that 
the  same  be  published  tJiroughout 
a!l  our  dominions  3  and  wc  do  de- 
ci^rh  to  all  our  loving  subjects  our 
will  and  pleasure,  that  the  said 
.treaty  of  peace  and  friendship  be 
observed  inviolably  as  well  by  sea  as 
l^d,  and  in  all  places  whatsoever  ; 
strictly  charging  and  commanding 
dll  our  loving  subjects  to  take  notice 
■hereof,  and  to  conform  themselves 
thef'eunlo  accordingly. 

Given  at  our  coiu-t  at  Windsor, 
the  26i;h  day  of  April  lbO'2,    in 
the  42d  year  of  our  reigu. 
God  save  the  King. 


By  the  KING.— A  Proclamation, 
Declaring  the  Conclusion  of  the  fVar, 
G.  R. 

WHEREAS  by  an  act,  passed 
in  the  34th  year  of  oiu* 
reign,  intituled.  An  act  for  the  fur- 
ther encouragement  of  British  ma- 
riners, and  for  other  purposes  there- 
in mentioned,  various  provisions  are 
made  which  are  directed  to  take 
eftect  from  and  after  the  expiration 
of  six  mondis  from  the  conclusion 
of  the  then  existing  war,  to  be  no- 
tified in  manner  tlierein  mentioned  j 
and  it  is  thereby  further  enacted, 
that,  for  the  purposes  of  the  said 
act,  the  conclusion  of  the  said  war 
shall  be  holdcn  to  be  from  the  time 
that  the  same  shall  be  notihcd  by 
our  royal  proclamation,  or  order  in 
council,  to  be  published  in  the 
London  Gazette:  And  whereas  a 
definitive  treaty  of  peace  has  been 
duly  ratified  between  us,  the  French 
republic,  his  Catholic  majesty,  and 
tlie  Batavian  republic  -,  We  liave 
therefore  tliought  fit,  by  and  with  ' 
the  advice  of  our  privy  council,  for 
the  pui*poses  of  tlie  said  act,  hereby 
to  notify  and  declare  tlie  conclusion 
of  the  said  war,  by  this  oui  royal 
proclamation,  to  be  published  in  the 
London  Gazette ;  and  wc  do  direct 
the  same  to  be  publisiied  accordingly. 
Given  at  our  court  at  Windsor, 
the  26th  day  of  April  1802,  in 
*tlie  42d  year  of  our  reign. 
God  save  tlic  King. 


Extract  t^f  a  Letter  from  his  Excel- 
lency  Lord  St.  Helens  to  the  Right 
Hon.  Lord  Hawkeshury,  dat^d  FC" 
tersburgh,  Jprit  2,  1 802. 

T  HAVE  the  satisfaction  of  trans- 

•^    mitiing    to    yowx    lordship    the 

Swedish  act  of  accession  U>  the  con- 

R  r  4  vention 


616  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

volition  of  the    l/th   June    1801,  same:  tliat  is  to  say,  his  Britannic • 

which  was  s'ired  (witli  its  dupli-  majesty  has  named  for  his  plenipo- 

ratr)  on  the  oOth  past,  by  myself,  tehtiary  the  right  honourable  Robert ■ 

aiui  thf  l)aroL  Uv?  Stedingk,  and  in-  Banks  Jenkinson,  commonly  called 

stiuments  of  a  likf;  linor  vere  at  the  lord   Hawkesbury,  one  of  his  ma* 

banie    time    intcic  hanged    between  jesty's  most  honotu'able  privy  coun- 

that   minister    iinJ   the  plenipotcn-  cil,    and   his  principal  secretary  of 

tiarics   ot   his   l.i)|'C-rial  majesty.     I  state  for  foreign   aliah^ :    and   the 

hii.c    ni'.civei*    tlio    satislaciion   of  president  of  tlie  United  States,  by 

bciig  ^luibl.d  to  :;s>i.re  yoiir  lord-  and  with  the  advice  and  consent .  of 

sJ)ip,  that   "he  t^wfiiisl;  amb'.s  ai:i;r  the  senate  ihert'of,  has  named^  for 

has  been  distinLily  intorraec  I.v  the  their  plenipotentiary,  Rufus   King,. 

count  ^.e  Kolsc'ioiibey,   thar  as  tlie  esq.  minister  plenipotentiary  of  the 

niotives  wliich  had  occa&iontcl   the  said  United  Stiites  to  his  Britannic. 

late   revival  of  the  system  of  the  majesty,   \\ho  have  agreed   to  and. 

aimed  ncutmlity  were  novv  happily  concluded  the  following  articles: 
done  away,    that  system  is    .  onsi-         A.rt.  I.    In  satisfaction    and  dis- 

ocicd   by  this  court  as   completely  charge    of  the   money  which    the 

annulled  and  abandoned,    not  only  United  States  might  have  been  liable 

as  a  gLi-.tral  code  of  maritime  law,  to  pay  hi  pursuance  of  the  provisicMis 

but  even  in  'ts  more  liuiited  mean-  of  tlie  said  Oth   article,    which   is 

ing  of  a  sptciiic  engagement  between  hereby  declared  to  he  cancelled  and 

the  Eusi-ians  and  the  other  conlede- ,  annulled,  except  so  far  as  the  some 

rates.  may  relate  to  the  execution  of  the 

said  7th  article,  tlie  United  States  of 

'■  America  hereby  engage  to  pay,   and 

Convmt'mi    hetwem    his     Britar.rnc  his    Britannic   niiijesty    consents   to 

Majesty  and  the  Umtcd  States  of  aa  ept  for   the  use  of  the  persons 

Aviericn,  touching  the  Difficulties  described  in  the  said  6th  article,  the. 

amw^^  in  the  Execution  of  the  6th  sum  of  (iOO,(XX)/.   steriing,  payable 

ylriicic  of  the  Treaty  of  i^JijA,  at  the  time  and  place,  and  in  the 

manner   following,    that  is  to  say, 

IMFFICULTIFS  having  arisen  the  said  sum  of  600,000/!  sterling 
J  in  tlio  exiicution  of  the  6th  shall  be  paid  at  tlie  city  of  Wash-. 
article  of  the  treaty  of  amity,  com-  ington,  in  thru:  annual  instalments, 
merce,  and  navigation,  concluded  at  of  200,000/.  sterling  cacli,  and  to 
London,  on  the  4th  day  of  Nov  em-  such  person  or  jjersons  as  shall  be 
her  1/94,  betwcui  his  Britannic  authorized  by  his  Britannic  majesty-^ 
majesty  and  the  United  States  of  to  receive  the  same ;  the  first  of  the 
America,  and  in  consrqrvr.'^e  there-  said  instalm(nts  to  be  paid  at  tlie 
or  the  i?roocL dings  of  tiu;  conuMisr  expiration  cf  one  year  j  the  second 
sioners  under  the  y\\i  article  of  the  instiilm*  nt  at  the  expiration  of  two 
same  treaty  having  been  suspendcci,  years  5  and  the  tiiird  and  last  instal- 
Ihc  ];arli(s  to  the  said  treaty  being  ment  at  the  expiration  of  three  years,, 
f  ov.ally  desirous,  as  far  as  may  be,  next  following  the  excJ}ange  of  the 
t(;  obviate  suiji  diificulties,  have  re-  ratiiications  of  this  convention  :  and 
.spG(  lively  named  plenipottntiaric^s  to  prevent  any  disagreement  con- 
to  treat  and  agree    respecting  the  ceming  the  rate  of  exchange,  tlie 

said 


STATE      PAPERS. 


617 


said  payments  shall  be  made  m  tiie 
money  of  the  said  tTuited  States, 
seckonlng  four  dollars  and  forty-four 
oents^  to  be  equal  to  one.  pound 
sterling. 

Art.  II.  Whereas  it  Is  agreed  by 
the  4th  article  of  the  definitive  treaty 
of  peace,  concluded  at  Paiis  on  the 
3d  day  of  September  1783,  between 
his  Britannic  majesty  and  tlie  United 
States,  tliat  creditors  on  either  side 
should  meet  with  no  lawful  impedi- 
ments to  the  recovery  of  the  full 
value  in  sterling  money  of  all  lond 
fiie  debts  tlieretofore  contracted,  it 
is  hereby  declared,  that  tlie  said  4th 
article,  so  far  as  it  respects  its  fixture 
operations,  is  hereby  recognized, 
confirmed,  and  declared  X.6  be  bind- 
uig  and  obligatoiy  upon  his  Britan- 
nic majesty  and  tlie  said  United 
States,  and  the  same  shall  be  accord- 
ingly observed  with  punctuality  and 
good  faith — and  so  as  the  said  cre- 
ditors shall  hereafter  meet  with  no 
bwful  impediment  to  tlie  recovery 
of  the  full  value  in  sterling  moiiey 
of  their  bondjide  debts. 
.  Art.  III.  It  is  furthermore  agreed 
and  concluded  tliat  the  commission- 
ers appointed  in  pursuance  of  the 
7th  article  of  the  said  treaty  of 
amity,  commerce,  and  navigation, 
and  whose  proceedings  have  been 
suspended  as  aforesaid,  shall,  imme- 
diately after  the  signature  of  this 
convention,  reassemble  and  proceed 
in  the  execution  of  their  duties  ac- 
cording to  tlie  provisions  of  the  said 
7th  article,  except  only  tliat  instead 
of  tlie  sums  awarded  by  the  said 
commissioners,  being  made  payable 
at  the  time  or  times  by  them  ap- 
pointed, all  sums  of  money  by  them 
awarded  to  be  paid  to  American  or 
British  claimants,  according  to  the 
provisions  of  tlie  said  7th  article. 


shalLbe  made  payable  in  thres  equal 
instalments  3  the  first  whereof  to  be 
paid  at  the  expiration  of  one  year ; 
the  second  at  the  expiration  of  tw^ 
years  j  and  the  third  and  last  at  Hit 
expiration  of  tliree  years  next  aft:r 
tlie  exchange  of  the  ratifications  uT 
this  convention. 

Art.  IV.  This  convention,  wheo 
the  same  shall  have  been  ratified  V^ 
his  majesty  and  the  president  of  tiif? 
United  States,  by  and  with  the  ad- 
vice and  consent  of  the  senate  thereof, 
and  the  respective  ratifications  dulj 
exchanged,  shall  be  binding  and  ob- 
ligatory upon  his  majesty  and  the 
said  United  States.  In  faith  where- 
of, we  the  undersigned  plenipoten- 
tiaries of  liis  Britannic  majesty  and 
of  the  United  States  of  America,  hy 
virtue  of  our  respective  full  powcis, 
have  signed  this  present  conventior-, 
and  have  caused  the  seals  of  our 
arms  to  be  afifixed  thereto. 

Done  at  London,  Januaiy  8,  1  SOX 
(Signed)  Hawkesbuiy. 

Rufus  Khig, 


Notice  hsncd  in  co?isenjiencc  of  th» 
Convention  tvith  the  American 
States,  on  the  Sih  January  last. 

Whereas,  by  the  first  article  <?i 
the  convention  concluded  at  Londoi', 
on  the  8th  day  of  January  last,  bt- 
tween  his  majesty  and  the  United 
States  of  America,  the  said  Unitr*^ 
States,  in  satisfiiction  and  discharge 
of  die  money  which  they  migl.t 
have  been  liable  to  pay  in  jnirsuau'.^ 
of  die  provisions  of  the  6tli  artii')e 
of  the  treaty  of  amity,  commerce, 
and  navigation,  concluded  at  liOr.- 
don,  on  the  4th  day  of  NovemLTc 
^^^79^9  between  his  majesty  and  t]j« 
said  United  States  (which  Glh  article 
was,  by  the  said  convention  dec?:' :- 


618        ANNUAL    R  E  G  IS  TE  R,  1802. 

cd  to  be  cancelled  and  annulled,  ex-  and  the  total  amount  thereof,  iprin- 
ccpt  so  far  as  the  same  might  relate  ^ip^  and  interest,  reduced  to  ster- 
to  the  execution  of  the  seventh  ar-  ^ing  money  (the  interest  being-  se- 
ticlc  of  the  said  treaty),  engage<J  to  parately  stated  and  distinguished 
pay.  and  his  mi:je5ty  engaged  to  fi"on]  the  principal),  with  a  rrferencc 
:iccf  pr,  for  the  use  of  the  per'^ons  ^o  schedules  annexed ;  the  said  sche- 
describcd  in  the  said  sixth  article,  dules  to  contain  lists  or  accounts  q£ 
tiie  sum  of  six  hundred  tliousand  t^^e  particular  debts,  the  names  of 
pounds  stfrliUi;,  ])avable  at  the  city  the  debtors,  and  their  situations  and 
of  WnshiiJgton,  in  three  annuid  in-  circumstances,  so  fat  as  the  same 
stnjjrxiiirs  of  two  hundred  thousand  ^'^n  be  stated,  at  and  subsequent  to 
pounds  each,  and  to  sucJi  person  the  conclusion  of  the  peace  between 
and  persons  as  should  be  autliorized  his  majesty  and  the  said  United 
by  his  majest}'  to  receive  tlie  same  3  States  :  3dly,  Whether  the  claimants 
the  first  of  the  said  instalments'  to  ^ave  at  »ny  time  proceeded,  or  are 
be  paid  at  the  expiration  of  one  year,  now  proceeding  at  law,  in  America, 
the  seconil  at  tlie  expiration  of  two  ^or  recovering  payment  of  tlie  said  ■. 
years,  and  the  tliird  and  last  instal-  debts  3  and  if  not,  why  they  have 
ment  at  tlie  expiration  of  three  not  so  proceeded,  or  are  not  so 
years,  next  following  the  exchange  proceeding  at  law  ?  And  lasdy.  The 
cf  the  raiiiication  of  the  said  c6n-  evidence,  written  or  parole,  which 
vention :  and  by  the  second  article  they  are  ready  or  undertake  to  bi  ing 
of  the  snul  convention,  die  fourth  for^vard  in  support  of  their  several 
article  of  the  definitive  treaty  of  statements  and  demands.  And  ^1 
peace,  concluded  at  Paris  on  the  3d  claimants  who  do  not  reside  in  Lon- 
day  of  September  1 783,  between  don,  or  die  immediate  neighbour- 
his  majesty  and  the  said  United  hood  thereof,  are  required  to  ap- 
States,  was,  so  far  as  respected  its  point  agents  there  residing  3  and  at 
future  operation,  •  recognised  and  the  time  of  lodging  their  claims,  to 
confirmed,  so  as  that  tlic  creditors  give  notice  of  the  names  and  places 
tlicrein  described  should  thereafter  of  abode  of  their  said  agents  at  the 
meet  with  no  lawful  impediment  to  said  office.  Further,  it  is  hereby 
die  recovery  of  the  full  value,  in  required,  that  all  relative  or  inci- 
strrliug  money,  of  their  lond  Jide  dental  representations,  statements, 
debts.  All  persons  claiming  the  be-  and  applications,  shall  be  made  in 
nefit  of  the  said  first  article  of  die  writing,  duly  signed  by  the  claim- 
said  convention,  are  hereby  required  ants  or  their  agents,  and  lodged  at 
to  lodge,  without  delay,  their  seve-  the  office,  where  all  necessary  in- 
ral  claims  in  writing,  duly  subscribed  quiries  respecdng  the  above  maft^, 
by  the  respective  claimants,  or  their  and  die  proceedings  therein,  may  be 
agents,  with  James  William  Hay,  made,  and  there  gnly. 
esq.  at  the  office,  No.  7,  Great  Office,  No.  7, 
Marlborough- street  3  and  that  they  Great  Marlborough -street, 
therein  specially  set  forth,  1st.  Sept.  11,  1802. 
Ilieir  national  character  entitling 
them  to  claim  as  his  majesty's  sub- 
jex:ts:  2dly,   The  nature  and  origin 

of  their  several  debts  and  demands, 

letter 


STATE    PAPERS. 


619 


Letter  from  the  Secretary  of  State 
to  Colonel  Hislop,  respecting  Set- 
tlers at  Trinidad. 

Downing  Street,  April  2, 1 802. 
Sir, 

IT  being  the  intention  of  his  ma- 
jesty that  lands  should  be  granted 
at  Trinidad,  upon  very  favourable 
terixis,  to  such  British  subjects  as 
may  be  inclined  to  remove  to  tliat 
island  with  their  negroes  from  the 
tblonies  which  are  shortly  to  be  re- 
filored  to  the  Batavian  republic;  I 
am  to  desire  tliat  you  will  make  this 
uitention  generally  known  to  tlie 
British  subjects  resident  in  Deme- 
xara,  and  acquaint  them  that  the 
specific  terms  upon  which  such 
grants  are  to  be  made,  will  very 
shortly  be  communicated  to  gover- 
nor Picton,  who  will,  at  the  same 
time,  receive  instructions  for  car- 
tying  the  intentions  of  government 
into  execution. 

I  have  tlie  honour  to  be,  sir. 
Your  most  obedient 
humble  servant, 

Hobart. 
To  colonel  Hislop,  &c.  &c. 


Official  Note  delivered  ly  the  Reis 
J^ffendi  to  yJlexander  Straton,  Esq, 
a/  a  Conference  in  Ids  Excellency  s 
House  on  the  Caned,  the  2()th  July 
J  802. 

IT  behoves  the  character  of  tme 
friendship  and  sincere  regard  to 
promote  with  cheerfulness  all  such 
affairs  and  objects  as  may  be  reci- 
procally useful,  and  may  lia,ve  a 
rank  ^mons:  the  salutary  fruits  of 
those  ste^dv  boiu'.s  of  allimice  and 
perfect  good  harmor-y  which  happily 
subsist  between  tlie  sublime  Porte 
and  the  court  of  Great  Britain  5  and 


as  permission  has  heretofore  been 
granted  for  the  English  merchant 
ships  to  navigate  in  the  Black  Sea 
for  the  purposes  of  trade,  the  same 
having  been  a  voluntary  trait  of  his 
Imperial  majesty'?  own  gracioiw 
hejut,  as  more  amply  appears  by  an 
official  note  presented  to  our  friend 
the  English  minister  residing  at  the 
sublime  Porte,  dated  3  Gcmaziel 
Ahir  1214— This  present  ^^Takrir" 
(official  note)  is  issued  5  the  Imperial 
Ottoman  c:ourt,  hereby  engaging  that 
the  same  treatment  shall  be  observed 
towards  the  English  merchant  ships 
coming  to  that  sea,  as  is  offered  td 
ships  of  powers  most  favoured  by  the 
sublime  Porte,  on  the  score  of  tliat 


navigation. 


The  23  Rebiul  Evvel  1217 
(23  July  1802). 


Ireaty  of  Peace  let  ween  the  French 
Republic  and  tlie  Regency  ofTunis^ 

THE  first  consul  of  the  French 
republic,  wishing  to  renew  the 
articles  of  peace  anciently  agreed 
upon  between  France  and  Tunis, 
and  to  add  thereto  new  articles,  has 
appointed  for  this  purpose  Jacques 
Dcvoize,  who  by  virtue  of  full 
powers  given  to  him  as  the  reprc^ 
sentative  of  the  first  consul  of  the 
French  republic,  has  agreed^  wttk 
his  excellency  Hamouda  Pacha  Bey 
and  the  divan  of  Tunis,  upon  tl» 
following  additional  articles  : 

1 .  The  first  consul  of  the  Fren A 
republic,  in  the  name  of  the  French 
people,  and  his  excellency  Hamouda 
Pacha  Be>%  and  the  divan  of  Tunis, 
do  confirm  and  renew  all  preceding 
treaties,  particularly  that  erf  1742. 

2.  TI.'S  French  nation  shall  be 
maiataitie4  in  the  ei^oyment  of  all 

those 


620 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1802.' 


those  privileges  and  exemptions 
which  it  enjoyed  before  the  war  5 
and  being  more  distinguished  and 
more  useful  than  other  natives  es- 
tablished at  1  unis^  it  shall  al^o  be 
tlie  most  favoured. 

3.  Whenever  any  French  ship  of 
war  shall  stop  at  ihe  Coulctte,  the 
commissary  of  the  republic,  or  some 
one  for  him,  shall  be  allowed  to  go 
on  boar4  witliout  molestation. 

4.  The  commissary  of  the  French 
republic  shall  appoint,  and  diangc 
at  his  pleasure,  the  dragomans  and 
the  janissaries  in  the  service  of  the 
commissariat. 

5.  The  merchandises  coming  from 
France  in  French  vessels,  eilher  to- 
Tunis  or  any  other  ports  dependent 
upon  it,  shall  only  pay  as  heretofore, 
a  custom  duty  of  3  per  cent,  which 
shall  not  be  collected  on  merchan- 
dise, but  in  the  current  coin  of  the 
country.  The  Tunisian  subjects 
shall  enjoy  in  France  the  same  pri- 
vilege. 

6*.  All  merchandise  coming  from 
countries  at  war  widi  tlie  regency, 
and  which  shall  be  imported  into 
1'unis  by  French  merchants,  shall 
continue  to  pay  a  custom  duty  of 
3  per  c^nt.  5  and  in  case  of  a  war 
between  the  French  republic  and 
any  other  power,  the  merchandises 
belonging  to  and  laden  in  France  on 
account  of  the  French  merchants, 
in  vessels  belonging  to  neutral  pow- 
ers, friends  of  the  regency,  shall 
only  pay  the  duty  of  3  per  cent,  un- 
til the  cessation  of  hostilities.  Re- 
ciprocal regulations  shall  be  made 
in  France  with  respect  to  tlie  Tu- 
nisians. 

7.  The  Jewish  brokers  and  other 
strangers  resident  at  Tunis,  in  tlie  ser- 
vice of  the  French  merchants,  shall 
be  under  the  protection  of  the  re- 
public 3    but  if  tliey  import  mer- 


chnnclise  into  the  kingdom,  the/ 
shall  pay  the  impost  usually  paid  by 
tlie  subjects  of  the  country  to  whicn 
they  belong  J  and  if  any  difierence 
arise  between  tliem  and  tlie  Chris- 
tians or  Mors  of  tlie  country,  they 
shall  come  with  tlieir  antagonists 
before  the  commissar)'  of  the  Frehch 
republic,  where  they  shall  choose, 
at  their  own  option,  two  French  and 
two  Moorish  merchants  of  the  first 
rank  to  decide  thc'u:  disputes. 

8.  Every  individual  of  any  coun- 
try, which,  by  conquest  or  by  treaty, 
shall  ha^e  been  reunited  to  the 
stales  of  the  French  republic,  who 
shall  be  found  in  a  state  of  cjiptivity 
in  the  kingdom  of  'I'unis,  shall  be 
set  at  lihcny  on  the  first  request  of 
the  commissary  of  the  republic ;  but ' 
if  that  individual  shall  have  been 
taken  in  the  service  and  pay  of  a 
power  at  war  with  the  regency,  he 
shall  not  be  released,  but  remain  a 
prisoner. 

g.  Jn  the  event  of  a  niptnre  bc- 
tween  the  two  iwwers,   the  French 
residents  at  1  unis  shall  not  be  any- 
ways molested ;    thvy  shall  be  al- 
lowed the  space  of  three  mcinthsj 
during  which  they  shall  enjoy  all 
manner  of  liberty  and  protection; 
and   upon   the  expiration    of    that 
term,  they  shall  be  at  liberty  to  re- 
tire unmolested,  with  their  efleets,  to 
wherever  they  may  think  proper. 
Done  at  Tunis  the  23d  of  February 
1802,  or  the  21st  of  the  month 
Chewal,  in  the  ye^ir  one  thou- 
sand two  hundred  and  six  of 
the  H«gira. 
(Signed)  Devoize, 

Commissary  -  general  of 
tlic  Trench  republic 
with  the  Bey  of  Tunis. 

Hamouda, 
Pacha  Bey  of  I'unis. 

'  Letter 


1" 


STATE      PAPERS. 


621 


Letter  of  Hamouda,  Pacha  Bey  of 
.  Tunis,  to  tJie  First  Consul  of  the 
French  Republic, 

To  the  most  distingiiislied  among 
the  followers  of  the  Messiah,  the 
greatest  of  those  who  profess  the  re- 
Ifgion  of  Jesus,  the  first  consul  of 
the  French  republic,  our  highly  ho- 
noured and  sincere  friend  Bonaparte, 
may  whose  end  be  happiness  and 
the  summit  of  prosperity. 

The  present  friendly  letter  is  to 
remind  you  that  heretofore  (by  the 
pennission  of  the  Supreme    Being) 
a  slight  coolness  took  place  between 
us  5  in  consequence  of  which,  citi- 
zen Devoize,  your  commissary  here, 
was  obliged  to  return  to  you .    Now 
that  happy  days  have  succeeded,  and 
that  this  coolness  has  been  changed 
into  sincere  friendship,  by  the  re- 
turn hither  of  our  friend  the  com- 
,  missary  De\oize,  who  has  resumed 
his  functions,  and  put  an  end  to  this 
indilierence    by   reestablishing  the 
ancient  union  and  amity,  for  which 
you  have  again  established  and  con- 
firmed him  in  his  post,  as  you  in- 
form  me    in   your  friendly  letter, 
which  he  delivered  in  your  name, 
(he  contents  of  which  I  have  under- 
stood,  and  am  satisfied  with.     Be 
pleased  to  know  that,  after  confer- 
ring with  the  said  commissary,  we 
have    agreed     that     the      ancient 
treaties,  dated  accordingr  to  our  He- 
gira  1155   (or  of  the  Christian  aera 
1/42)    shall  be  on  both  sides  re- 
newed, and  though  it  was  not  ne- 
cessary to  add  otliers,  yet  in  consi- 
deration of  your  sincei'e  friendship, 
to  which  I  ought  to  make  a  suitable 
return,  I  have  amicably  t^onsented 
with  your  commissiir}'  to  add  to  tlie 
ancient  treaties  nine  new  articles  3 
and  still  more  to  unite  and  cement 
•ur  sincere  and  unalt^-Tiible  friend- 


ship,  our  divan,  according  to  ancieot 
u^age,  assisted  at  the  instalment  of 
the  flag  of  the  French  republic, 
which  was  hoisted  at  the  house  of 
the  said  commissary  5  and  in  conse- 
quence of  the  same  friendship  which 
prevails  between  us,  I  have  consign- 
ed and  delivered  into  the  hands  of 
the  said  commissary  35  Christians, 
subjects  of  countries  which  were 
before  enemies  to  our  regency,  and 
which  at  present  are  under  your  do- 
minion 'j  and  to  give  you  a  more 
striking  proof  of  our  sincere  friend- 
ship, though  the  same  Christiana 
were  subjects  of  the  said  countries, 
I  have  set  them  at  liberty,  in  order 
that  tlie  said  commissary  may  send 
them  to  you  along  with  this  amicable 
letter,  by  which  I  desire  to  give  you 
an  authentic  proof  of  the  lively  and 
sincere  friendship  which  reigns  be- 
tween us,  and  which  will  always 
increase. 

Tunis,  the  5  th  day  of  the  moon 

Zilkaadc,ofdie  Hegira  I2l6 

(Ventose  17th,  1 0th  year  of 

theFrench  republic) ,  March  8. 

(Signed)  Hamouda, 

Pacha  Bey  of  Tunis, 


Decree  respecting  Emigrants,  pub' 
blished  at  Paris  April  27. 

Title  I. 

Dispositims  relative  to  the  Persons 

q/^  Emigrants. 

Art.  I. 

AN  amnesty  is  granted  for  emi- 
gration, to  every  individual  who 
i%  not  definitively  erased. 

II.  (Those  individuals  who  arc  not 
in  Francfe,  shall  be  bound  to  return 
before  the  23d  of  September  next. 

III.  Immediately  on  their  return, 
they  shall  declare  before  the  com- 
missaries appointed  for  that  purpose* 
in  the   cities  of  Calais,    Brussels, 

Maycncf^ 


622        ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 

Mayence,  Strasburg,  Grne\a,  Nice,  tirtns,  shall  without  delay transmifc 'tor 

}?ayonnt;,  Pr.qVigiian,andBourdeaux,  the  minister  of  the  interior,  in  the 

tJiat  they  return  to  the  territoiy  of  forniof  a  dispatch,  the  proces-veibal 

the  republic  by  virtue  of  the  am-  of  their  proceedings,    6a   sight  of 

ncsty.  which  the  minister  shall  make  ont 

IV.  This  declaration  shall  be  fol-  a  certificate  of  amnesty,  which  shall - 
lovicd  by  an  cjath  of  fidelity  to  the  be  sent  to  the  minister  of  justice,  by 
government  established  by  the  con-  whom  it  shall  be  signed^  and  de- 
stitution ;  and  that  tliey  will  not  livered  to  the  individual  concerned, 
entertain,  either  directly  or  indi-  IX.  Such  individual  shall,  -until 
rcctly,  r.Tiy  cunncjMon  or  correspond-  the  delivery  of  such  certificate  of 
cncc  with  the  enemies  of  the  state.  amnesty,  reside  in  the  commune  in  / 

'  V.  Thase  wlu)  have  received  from  v^iiich  he  made  the  declaraftion  of 

foreign  powers,  places,  titles,  deco-  his  return  to  tlie  territoiy  of  the  ff&- 

ratiouc*,  gratuities,  or  pensions,  shall  public. 

be  bouijd  to  declare  it  before  the        X.  The  following  persons  ar&ez«    ' 

jiame  conmiissaries,  and  formally  to  empted  out  of  the  present  smntsiyr. 

renounce  the  same.  1  st.  Those  individuals    who    havO: 

VI.  Those  who  shall  not  rctiun  commanded    armies    assembled  iu    , 

to  France  before  the  23d  of  Septem-  hostility  to  the  repul)lic.    2d,  ThoM/  • 

ber,  and  have  fulfilled  the  condi-  who  have  had  rank  in  the  enemies'- 

t ions  prescribed  by  the  preceding  ar-  armies.     3d,  Those  who  since  tlye'  " 

tides,  shall  remain  excluded  out  of  foundation  of  tlie  republic  liave  held^  ;] 

the  present  amnesty,  and  definitive-  places  in  the  households  of  the  ci-   '; 

ly  placed  upon  the  list  of  emigrants,  devant  French  princes.    4th,  Those     ' 

unless   they   prove,    in  due  form,  who  are  known  to  have  been,  or; 

that  it  was  impossible  for  them  to  were  actually  movers  or  agents. of  .■ 

return  to  the  territory  of  the  repub-  the  civil  or  foreign  war.    5th,  lliQse 

lie  witliin  the  time  fixed,  and  that  who  commanded  by  land  or  sea,  a»'   j 

they  have  before  the  expiration  of  that  well  as  tlie  representatives  of  tb^    I 

time  fulfilled  before  the:  agents  of  the  people,  who  have  been  found  guilty- 

rtjpublic,    in    tlie  countries    where  of  treason  against  tlie  republic,  axid* 

they  reside,  tlie  other  conditions  a-  the  archbishojjs  and  bishops  w]io, 

bove  expressed.  despising  legitimate  autliority,  have   .■ 

VII.    Those    who    are  at  pre-  resolvexl  to  give  in  their  resignation, 
sent    on  Frencli  territory   shall  be        XI.  The  individuals  deuominate4     i 

bound  under  the  same  penalty  and  in  the   preceding   article,    ^e  de^    \ 

definitive  establishment  on  the  list  fiuitively  placed  on  the  list  of  eoii*     ' 

of  emigrnnts,  to  make,  within  one  grants  3  but  the  number  so  dcfiiii*^ 

month  from  the  date  of  the  present  tively  placed  on  the  list  of  cniigrandi: 

act,  before  tlie  prefect  of  the  dc-  shall  not  exceed  1000,  of  whom  500^ 

partmcnt  where  they  reside,  sitting  shall  be  named  previous  to  tlie  23d  of, 

in   the  council  of  prefecture,  .the  September  next.  »         : 

same  declaration,  oath,  and  renun-        KII.  llie  emigrants  to  whom  the-    . 

ciation.  amnestv  is  extended,  as  well  as  those 

VIII.  The  commissaries  and  pre-  who  have  been  definitively  erased 

fects  charged  witJi  receiving  such  from  the  list  of  emigrants,  acconiiflg 

declarations,    oatiis   and  rcnuucia-  to  the  decree  of  the  consuls  of  ih^  ' 

28th 


STATE    PAPERS. 


623 


Odth  Vendemiaire  (October  20) 
iSOly  shall  for  the  space  often  years, 
from  the  date  of  the  erasure,  or  cer- 
tificate of  amnesty,  be  under  the  spe- 
cial inspection  of  government. 

XIII.  The  govcrHment,  if  it 
judges  expedient,  shall  have  the 
power  to  oblige  the  individuals, 
placeU  under  the  said  inspection,  to 
remove  to  tlie  distance  of  20  leagues 
^om  the  ordinary  place  of  residence. 
They  may  also  be  removed  to  a  greater 
distance,  if  circumstances  should 
recyiire  it^  but  in  that  case,  tlie  or^ 
der  of  removal  must  first  have  been 
cq^miitted  to  the  council  of  state. 

XIV.  After  the  cxpiratioQ  of  the 
ten  year  A  of  inspection,  all  tlie  indivi- 
duals against  whom  the  government 
qbdl  not  have  been  obliged  to  put 
1^  above-mentioned  measures  in  ex- 
^ution,  shall  cease  to  be  subject  to 
t^e  said  inspection ;  it  may  be  ex- 
tended to  the  whole  duration  of  the 
lives  of  those  against  whom  tliese 
measures  have  been  put  in  execu- 
tion. 

XV-  The  individuals  subjected  to 
t)be  inspection  of  government  shall 
enjoy,  in  other  respects,  all  their 
rights  as  citizens. 

Title  II. 
Arrangement  relative  to  Goods. 

XVI.  The  individuals  included  in 
the  amnesty,  shall  not  be  entitled, 
under  any  pretext,  or  in  aay  case, 
to  interfere  with  the  arrangements 
respecting  property,  which  have  been 
entered  into  between  thr  rcpuMic 
Vid  individuals  before  the  prcncut 
amnesty. 

XVil.  Those  of  their  goods  which 
are  still  in  the  hands  of  tlio  nation 
(with  th^  exception  of  woods  and 
forests,  which  have  been  declared 
unalienable  by  law,  immovables  ap- 
plied to  public  service,  tlie  rights  of 


property  real  or  pretended  to  impo- 
sitions on  tlie  grand  canals,  claims 
whicli  they  may  have  on  the  public 
treasury,  and  the  cxtinctitm  of  which 
took  place  in  Llic  moment  of  contu- 
sion, when  the  republic  seized  on 
their  goods  and  debts),  shall  be  re- 
stored to  them  witliout  any  of  the 
fruits,  which  in  conformity  to  a  \x\r 
passed,  pertain  to  the  republic, 
down  to  the  day  ^n  which  tliey  ob- 
tain their  certiticate  of  ampesty. 
.  The  present  sc?iatus  consuhc  shall 
be  transmitted  by  a  message  to  the 
consuls  of  the  republic. 
.    (Signed)       Ironchet,  president, 

Cliapcl  and  Serruria', 
secretaries. 
By  the  conser>'ative  senate, 
Cauchy,  sec.  gen. 
Let   the  present  senatus  cousulle 
be  confirmed  by  the  se^  of  state,  ir.- 
serted  in  the  bulletin  of  the  laws,  in- 
scribed in  the  registers  of  the  jiuii- 
ciary  and  administrative  authorities, 
and  let  tlie  minister  of  justice  b« 
charged  with  superintending  il;i  pub- 
lication. 

Paris,  April  2(5,  1802. 
(Signed)  Bonaparte,     first  consfiS. 
li.B.Maret,  secrelarv  of 
stale. 


Address  to  the  Legislative  Body  nf 
France,  on  the  (itk  of  May  iJiiCJ, 
tvhcn  the  Treaty  of  Amiens  was 
cominunkated  to  t/iem. 

Citizens  legislators, 

THE  go^ ernnient  addresses  to  vou 
the  treaty  wliich  has  put  a  lin:^l 
period  to  the  dissensions  of  Eiuropx*, 
and  completed  the  great  work  of 
peace. 

The  reoubli^  combated  for  its  in- 
dei^ndcncc  ;  its  indepi-ndencc  is  rc- 
c()gni/!^d :  the  acknowledgment  of 

cverv 


62*         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802- 

every  power  consecrates  those  rights  senT  the  integrity  of  the  territofjT 

which  she  had  held  from  nature,  of  that  kingdom.      This  duty  she 

and  those  limits  which  she  derived  fulfilled  throughout  the  negotiation, 

trom  her  victories.  with  all  the  energy  which  circurn- 

Another  republic  has  been  esta-  stances  would  allow.  The  king  of 
blished  in  her  bosom,  founded  on  Spain  acknowledges  the  iidelity  of 
the  same  principles,  and  drawing  his  allies,  and  his  generosity  has 
from  the  same  source  the  ancient  made  that  sacrifice  to  peace  which 
spirit  of  the  Gauls.  Attached  to  they  endeavourt^d  to  spare  him.  He 
FrnncL*  b}'  the  reraembrance  of  a  has  acquired  by  this  new  claims  to 
Common  origin,  hy  common  insti-  tlie  attachment  of  France,  and  a 
tutions,  and,  above  all,  by  the  tie  of  sacred  title  to  the  gratitude  of  Eu- 
beiicfits  conferred,  the  Italian  re-  rope.  Already  the  return  of  corn- 
public  takes  rank  amongst  the  pow-  merce  consoles  his  states  for  the 
ers  of  Europe,  and  amongst  our  calamities  of  war,  and  soon  a  viid* 
allies,  supported  by  ct^urage  and  dib-  fying  spirit  will  infuse  into  his  vast 
tintruished  by  virtue.  possessions  a  new  activity  and  anew   ■ 

Tlie  Batavian  republic  is  restored  industry, 
to  a  unity  of  :ntcre.^t :  freed  from        Rome,  Naples,  and  Etruria,  are    \ 

diat  double    intiuence   which   per-  restored  to  tranquillit}',  and  the  arls 

plexcd  its  councils,  and  distracted  its  of  peace.     Lucca  has  found  rest  and.    ^ 

politics,  it  has  regained  its  indcpt  nd-  independence  under  a   constitutioa    ' 

encc,  and  finds  in  th^.'  nation  which  which  has  destroyed  all'animosities,    •■ 

had  conquered  it,  tlie  most  faithful  and  united  all  hearts.     Ligiiria  has     ; 

guarantee  of  its  existence  and  its  founded,  on  the  consent  of  all  par-     i 

rights.     The  wisdom  of  its  admi-  ties,  tlie  principles  of , its-  oi^niza-     ' 

nistration  will  preserve  its  splendour,  tion  ;  and  Genoa  a^in  sees  riches     ^ 

and  tlie  active  economy  of  its  citi-  and  cdipmerce  enter  her  ports.  The    -j 

zens  will  restore  prosperit}-.  repubiro'of  the  »Severi^slands  is  still. 

The  Helvetic  republic  recognized  as    well  as   Helvetia,    the  prejr  rf 

without,  is  continually  agitated  wicli-  anarchy  -,  but  the  emperor  of  Russia^ 

in    by  factions,    who   aispuie    for  in  concert  with  France,  has  ordered 

power.     Government,  faithful  to  its  some  troops,  which  he  had  in  Naples, 

principles,    will  not  excrci>:e   over  to  be   transporled  tlvitfeer,     which 

an  independent  nation  any  other  in-,  will  restore  to  those  haj?py  countries 

fluencc    than  that  of  its  councils :  the  only  bles>:ng  which  they  want, 

its  councils  have,  however,  hitherto  viz.  tranquillity,  the  desti:u€tion  of 

been  unheeded.,  but  it  still  ho})cs  faction,  and  the  enforcement  of  the 

that  tlie  voice  of  wisdom  and  mo-  lawsr  ^l  hus,  fi-om  one  extremity  to 

deration   will   be  listened   to,     tuul  the   other,    Europe  secs,.peikie  re-, 

that    the    neiglibouring   powers   of  stored  upon  the. continent  and  upon 

Helvetia  will  not  be  compelled  to  in-  the  ocean,  and  its  happiness  founded    I 

lerfere   to   put  a    stop   to  troubles  upon  the  unioii.  ofi  the  ^reat  pow- 

"which  menace  their  own  tranijuil-  ers,  and  uptiu  the  faith  ot  treaties. 
Ety.  In  America,  tlie  known  princi- 

It  was  due  from  the  repubiit:  to  p.es  of  government  have  afibrded  to 

her  engagements,  and  the  liJelity  of  Mu'tinico,  Tobflgo,  and  St".  Lucia, 

$pain,  to  ludkrr.  every  ciibrt  to  piC-  tlic  nioit  pcifcct  security  j  they  no 

longer 


^ 


STATE      PAPERS.  625 

loi^ger  dread  those  imprudent  laws.  Treaty ,  concluded  the  TOth  of  May 

which  would*  spread  devastation  and  1802,  between  the  French  Repul* 

death  throughout  the  colonies.  Their  lie  and  his  Serene  Highness  the 

only  wish   is  to  be  united  to  the  Duke  of  Wirtemburg, 

inc^er-ciountry,  and  they  will  bring  . 

back   to  it,  with  their  attachment    Art.  !• 

and  confidence,  a  degree  of  prospe-  THHERE   shall   be  good  under- 

rity   at  least  equal  to   that  which  '  J-    standing  and   amity  between 

they  have  before  enjoyed.     At  St.  the  French  republic  and  his  serene 

Domingo  great  calamities  have  hap-  highness. 

pened ;  great  evils  are  to  be  re-  II.  His  majesty  the  emperor,  and 
paired  5  but  the  insurrection  grows  the  empire  of  Germany,  having  con- 
less  formidable  every  day.  Touis-  seated,  by  the  7tli  article  of  the 
sant,  without  fortresses,  witliout  treaty  of  Luneville,  that  the  French 
treasure^  without  army,  is  no  more  republic  should  possess,  in  full  so- 
dian  a  chief  of  banditti,  wandering  vcreignty  and  property,  the  coun- 
from  mountain  to  mountain,  wji^m  tries  and  territories  situate  on  the 
our  light  troops  arc  constantly ^pur-  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  and  which 
soing^  and  will  soon  destroy.       ^     '  made  part  of  the  empire  of  Grer- 

Tne  p^ace  is  known  in  the  Isle  of  many,  his  serene  highness  the  duke 

France  and  in  India  3  tlie^-lirsVcares  of  Wirtemburg  renoimces,  for  him- 

ef  government  have  already  jtirougltt  self,    his  heirs  and  successors,  •  in 

back  their  love  of  the  repi!fe(i6,  their'  favour  of  the  French  republic,  die 

confidence  in  its  laws,  and  atforded  rights  of  sovereignty,  territorial  su- 

cvcry  hope  of  prosjierity.  periority,    property,  and   all  other 

Many    years   will  pass  rover  us  rights    which    he    exercises,    an4. 

without  victories,  without  ^iumphs,  which  belong  to  him  over  the  coun- 

without  those  splendid  negotiations,  tries  and  territories  on  the  lett  bank 

which   fix   the    destiny   of  states  3  of  tlie  Rhine,  and  in  particular, 

but  another  species  of  success  ought  1.  The  principalit}'  of  Montbe- 

to   mark  the   existence  of  nations,  liard. 

and,  above  all, -that  of  the  republic.  2.  The  county  of  Storburg. 
Industry  is  ev^y  where  reanimated,  3.  1  he  seignories  of  Riquewir, 
and  commerce  and  the  arts  every  Ostheim,  Aubure,  Franqiieniont, 
where  unite  to  efface  x\\r  calamities  Blamont,  Clermont,  St6ricourt,  Chi- 
ef war.  Labour  of  every  kind  calls  telot.  Granges,  ClervaJ,  and  .Passa- 
for  the  attention  of  government.     It  vant. 

will  perform  tliis  new  task  with  sue-  4.  The   fiefs. .arising  out  of  the 

cess,   as    it  shall  possess  the  confi-  said    principalities,     counties,  '  and 

dence  of  the  French  people.     The  seignories. 

years  which  are  to  come  will  be,  5.- The  seignories,  fiefs,  and  do- 
it is  tru^  less  celebrated  j  but  the  mains,  possessed  by  the  heirs  and 
happiness  of  France  will  increase,  successors  of  the  natural  children 
instead  of  her  obtaining  tliat  glory  of  die  duke  Leopold  Eberhard  of 
which  she  would  now  despise.  Wirtemburg  Montbeliard, and  which 

(Signed)  Buonaparte,  first  consul,  are  revertible  to  the  ducal  house. 

H.B.Maret,  secretary  of  ^    6.   <lhe  territories,    rights,   and 

state,  revenues,  at  Sphire,  Dundenhoven, 

Vol.  XLIV.  Ss                                      and 


656         ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

and  in  the  environs  on  the  left  bank  Treaty  conchitkd  leturen  France  and 
of  the  Rhine.  the  Prince  of  Orange. 

III.  His  serene  highness  in  like 

manner  renounces  all  claims  of  re-  Art    I. 

stitution  which  he  mirrlil  make  up-  TT  I  S    highness   the    prince    of 

on  the  French  republic  for  arrears  XX    Nassau -Orange -Dillcnbnrg- 

and  non-enjoyment  of   tip;hts   and  Dietz,  formally  renounces  for  hira- 

revcnues,  and  for  all  other  causes,  self  and  his  heirs  and   succcssora,' 

anterior  to  the  present  treaty.  the   dignity  of  stadtholder  of   th« 

IV.  In  pursuance  of  the  /th  arti-  united  provinces  which  now  form 
cle  of  the  treaty  of  Luncville,  the  the  Batavian  republic  j  he  also  for- 
French  republic  promises  and  en-  mally  renounces  all  rights,  claims, 
gages  its  good  otfices  to  obiain  for  and  pretensions  whatsoever,  which. 
his  serene  highness  those  territorial  arise  from  tlie  above-mentioned 
indemnities  which  shall  be  as  much  dignity  3  as  likewise  all  domain* 
as  possible  suited  to  the  convenience  and  territorial  property  situat^  in 
and  pleasure  of  his  serene  higl)ness,  the  said  republic,  or  in  its  colo- 
equivalent  to  the  losses  of  all  kinds  nies. 

resulting   to   his     serene    highness        II.  His  highness   the   prinCe  of  ' 

from  the  war,  and  conformable  to  Nassau- Orange -Dillenburg-DietZj 

the  advantages   and  privileges    at-  the  princess  his  consort,  their  chil- 

tached  to  the  ceded  possessions.  dren  and  heirs,  shall  enjoy  all  per- 

V.  The  8th  Jirticlc  of  the  treaty  manent  or  annual  rents  which  they 
of  Luncville,  concerning  the  debts  have  in  the  Batavian  republic,  in, 
of  the  countries  on  the  left  bank  of  the  same  manner  as  other  possessors 
the  Rhine,  shall  serve  as  the  basis  of  of  rents  in  the  said  republic. 

the  regulations  to  be  made  respect-        III.  To  indemnify  the  hquse  of 

ing  the  debts  of  the  countries  com-  Nassau- Orange -Diilenburg- Dietz; 

prised  in  the  cession  made  by  tlie  2d  for  tlie  renunciations  and  cessions  in:  , 

article  of  the  present  treaty.  the  first  article  of  tlie  present  treaty,. 

VI.  The  private  debts  of  com-  his  highness  bhall  receive, 

munes  and  other  corporations  shall        1 .   The  bishopric  and  abbey  of 

remain  charged   to   them,   and  by  Fulda. 

them  paid.  2.  Tlie  abbey  ofCorvey.  < 

•  VII.  On  the  day  of  the  ratifica-        3.  The  abbey  of  Weingarten,  with 

tion   of  the  present  treaty,  all  se-  its  dependencies. 
qucF.trations  placed,  on  account  of       4.  The  imperial  town  of  Dormund, 

the  war,  on  the  goods,  eticets,  snd  in  Westphalia,  and  Ysny  and  Bucb- 

revcnuifs  of  citizens  of  the  Fiench  horn,  in  Southern  Swabia,  witli  their 

republic,  in  the  states  of  his  serene  t(;rritories  and   dependencies.     His 

highness,    shall  be  taken  ofl^   and  highness  shall  possess,  for  ever,  and  • 

they  shall    be    at  liberty  to   carry  in  full  sovereign  property,  for  him- 

away  their  goods  and  efFcctP,   and  self,   his  heirs  and  successors,  ^  the;  ^ 

also   to  sell  their  property,    or  re-  above-mentioned  bisliopric  and  alHf  ' 

ceive  its  revenues,  without  any  hin-  beys,  which  shall  be  secularized  in 

drance  wjiatevcr.  his  fhvour,  and  the  imperial  towns, 

'      with 


STATE      PAPERS. 


G27 


^'ith  all  the  territory  belonging  to 
tbem^  under  the  condition  that  his 
highness  shall  engage  to  satisfy  the 
existing  and  acknowledged  claims 
to  certain  uiheritances  appertaining 
to  his  house^  in  the  course  of  the 
I^st  century.  This  satisfaction  shall 
be  determined  by  arbitrators  to  be 
appointed  by  tlie  two  contracting 
parties. 

IV.  The  inheritance  jn  the  new 
states  which  shall  be  assign(*d  to 
the  house  of  Nassau- Orange-Dillon  - 
burg-Dietz,  shall  be  ix'gulated  in 
'  the  following  manner  :  the  male 
line  shall  succeed  to  the  exclusion 
ojF  the  femaki ;  but  in  failure  of 
iqale  heirs^  the  female  shall  enter 
into  all  their  rights.  This  clause 
shall  extend  to  all  the  legitimate 
oiSspring  of  his  highness  the  prince 
i^  a  direct  line  ^  and  in  case  of  tlie 
^ilure  of  that  line,  tlie  above-men- 
tioned territory,  states  and  sove- 
reignty, shall  devolve  to  the  royal 
Louse  of  Prussia. 

.V.  His  majesty  tlie  king  of  Prussia, 
and  the  first  consul  of  the  French 
republic,  in  the  name  of  the  French 
people,  reciprocally  guaranty,  in 
conjunction  with  his  highness  the 
prince  of  Nassau-Orange-Dillen- 
burg-Dietz,  the  indemnifications  of 
I  be  ceded  or  conquered  countries,  as 
they  are  stipulated  in  this  treaty. 

VI.  His  majesty  the  king  of 
ft\i$8ia^  and  his  highness  tlie  prince 
ofNassau-Orange-Dillenburg-Dielz, 
i^Jike  manner  acknowledge  theBa- 
tavian  republic. 

.  VIL  Iniiucdiatcly  after  the  ex- 
chanjjre  of  the  ratilications,  his  nia- 
jc3ty  the  king  of  Prussia,  and  his 
Ugliness  tiie  prince  of  Naisau- 
Qr^nge-PillenbiiVfi-jyietz,  may  take 
possession  of  the  states  arid  territo- 
rips  allotted  to  them  as  indemnilies. 
Vli-J.  Tlie  present  treatv  shall  be 


ratified  by  the  contracting  parties 
within  forty  days,  or  sooucr  if  pos- 
sible. 

Piiris,  May  24,  1802. 

Marquis  de  Lucchesini. 
General  Eeurnonville. 


Dijinillue  Treaty  of  Peace  let  ween 
the  French  Repiihlic  and  the  Sul'^ 
lime  Ottoman  Porte, 

T^ITE  lirst  consul  of  the  French 
republic,  in  the  tiame  of  the 
French  people,  and  tlie  sublime  Ot- 
toman emperor,  being  desirous  to. 
restore  the  relations  of  peace  and 
amity  which  have  of  old  subsisted 
between  France  and.  the  sublime 
Porte,  have  for  that  purpose  ap- 
pointed ministers  plenipotentiaries, 
viz.  the  first  consul,  in  the  name  of 
tlie  French  people,  citizen  C.  M. 
Talleyrand,  minister  for  foreign  af- 
fairs to  the  French  republic ;  and 
the  sublime  Ottoman  Porte,  Esseid 
Mahomed  Said  Ghalib  Efiendi,  pri- 
vate secretary  and  director  of  foreign 
afi^airs  -,  who,  after  exclianging  their 
full  powers,  have  agreed  to  the  fol- 
lowing articles : 

Art.  I.  Thcz'e  shall  hereafter  be 
peace  and  friendship  between  the 
French  republic  and  the  sublime 
Ottoman  Porte  :  hostilities  shall  for 
the  future,  and  for  ever,  cease  be« 
tween  the  two  states. 

II.  The  treaties  or  capitulations 
which,  before  the  war,  defined  the 
res]>ective  relations  of  every  kind^ 
existing  between  the  two  powers, 
shall  bercmiwed  in  all  tlicir  parti- 
culars. 

In  consequence  of  this  renewal, 
and  ia  fulfilment  of  the  ancient  ca- 
pitulation, according  to  which  the 
French  have  a  right  to  enjoy,  in  the 
Slates  of  the  sv:blimc  Porte,  all  the 
:i^  s  2  ad- 


62S        ANNUAL     REGISTER,     1802. 

advantages  granted  to  other  nations,  land,  on  tfce  4th  Grcrminal  of  the 

the  sublime  Pune  con  v*/ it*  that  the  year  ten    (25  th  of  March    ISOl), 

French  iTierchar.t  ships  b-arir^  tl)e  or  the  'ild  of  Zillides^  of  the  year 

French  fl.i  J,    «>]iail    for    the   future  of  tiie  He^nra  12l6.   All  the  articles 

possess  the  undisputed  right  to  na-  of  this  treaty,  which  liave  relation 

vigate  ?.:yl  pass  freely  in  thf  Bl?xk  to  the  sublime  Porte,  are  by  the 

Sea .      Th  e   <\ih] :  me  Pc  »rT e  1  i  ke w  i •»€  prescn t  treaty  formally  renewed . 
consent-,  tliai  the  &aid  French  mt-r-         V.  Tiie  French  republic  and  the 

chant  ships,  on   tlieir  p3Sijp;e  into  sublime   Porte    mutually   guaranty 

and  out  of  this  sea,  shall,  with  re-  the  integrity  at  their  possessions, 
spect  to  every  thing  that  can  favour        VI.  'J  he  restorations  and  indem- . 

the  free  navigation  of  it,  be  placed  nifications   whicli  are  due  to   the 

precisely  on  ilie  same  fociing  with  agents  of   the  t\vo   powets,  or  to ' 

tlie  merchant  ships  of  these  nations  their  citizens  and  subjects^  whose 

which  now  navi^te  it.  entrcts  have  been  confiscated  or  se- 

The  sublime  Porte  and  the  go-  questrated  during  the  war,  shall  be 

vemment  of    the  French   republic  regulated   in  an  equitable  manner, 

will  with  common  consent  take  vi-  by  a  particular  agreement  to  be  con- 

gorous  measures  to  cleanse  the  seas,  eluded  between  the  two    govem- 

which  the  ships  of  both  states  navi-  me::ts  at  Constantinople, 
gate,  from  all  kinds  of  pirates.  VII.  Until  by  common  consent 

The  sublime  Porte  promises  to  ne^-  regulations  shdl  be  agreed  on, 

protect  the  French  trading  ships  in  with  respect  to  the  tolls  or  customi 

the  Black  Sea  against  all  kinds  of  on  which  disputes  ma}'  have  arisen, 

pirates.  these  shall  in  both  countries  conu- 

It  is  hereby  understood,  that  the  nue  to  be  regulated  by  the  old  ca- 

advantages  secured  by  the  prese::t  pitulations. 

article  to  the  French  in  tlie  Ottoman        VIII.  Should  any    prisoners   be 

empire,  shall  in  like  manner  extend  found  in  the  tvi'o    countries,   ^ii9 

to  the  subjects  and  flag  of  the  sub-  are  detained  in  consequence  of  the 

lime  Porte  in  the  seas  and  territory  war,  they  shall  immediately  be  set 

of  the  French  republic.  ai  liberty,  without  ransom. 

III.  The  French  republic  shall,  in        IX.  As  the  French  republic  anA 
the  Ottoman  countries  which  lie  on,  the  sublime  Porte,  by  the  present 
or  in  the  vicinity  of,  the  Black  Sea,  treaty,  wish  to  place  their  states  re- 
both  with  respect  to  their  trade  and  ciprocally  in    the  situation  of  the 
the  agents  and  commissaries  wh'ch  most  favoured  powers,  it  is  expressly 
that  trade  may  render  it  necessary  understood  that  each  state  grants  to 
to  appoint  in  such  places,  enjoy  ti.e  the  other,  all  the  advantages  which 
same  rights   and   privileges  \\hich  have  been  or  shall  be  granted  to 
France,  before  the  war,  enjoyed  by  any  other  powers,  in  the  same  man- 
virtue  of  the  old  capitulations,  in  ner  as  if  they  were  expressly  stipa- 
any  otJier  parts  of  the  states  of  the  lated  in  the  present  treaty. 
sublime  Porte.  X.  The  ratifications  of  the  pre^ 
I\'.  The  sublime  Porte  assents  to  sent  treaty  shall  be  exchan^with- 
all  that  was  stipulated  with  respect  in  eighty  days,  or  sooner,  if  possi- 
to    it  in   the    treat}'   concluded  at  ble,  at  Paris. 
Amiens  between  France  and  £ng-        Done  at  Paris,  the  6tk  of  Mes- 

sidor. 


STATE     PAPER5. 


629 


^dor,   ©f  tlie  year  ten  (June 

25,   1802),  or  the  24th  of  Sa- 

femair^  the  year  of  the  Hegira 

1217.. 

(Signed)      Ch.  Mau.  Talleyrand. 

Esseid  Mahamed  Said 

Ghalib  Eflfendi. 


Message,  July  2Q,  1802,  oj  the 
Consuls  of  the  Republic  to  the  Con- 
servative Senate. 

SENATORS,— On  the  sixth  of 
May  last^che  tribunate  expressedla 
wish  that  a  striking  pledge  of  national 
gratitude  might  be  given  to  the  first 
consul.  That  wish  was  applauded 
by  the  legislative  body,  and  repeated 
by  a  spontaneous  movement  of  the 
citizens. 

The  senate  raised  its  thoughts 
still  higher ;  and  in  tlie  accomplish- 
ment of  that  wish,  it  hoped  to  find 
the  sure  means  of  gi^^ng  to  tlie  go- 
vernment that  stability  which  alone 
can  multiply  the  resources  of  the  na- 
tion, establish  confidence  without, 
and  credit  within,  inspirit  allies,  dis- 
courage enemies,  extinguish  the 
:jSames  of  war,  permit  tlie  enjoyment 
of  the  fruits  of  peace,  and  leave  to 
future  w^isdoin  the  task  of  executing 
every  tiling  that  can  be  conceived 
as  contributing  to  the  happiness  of  a 
free  people.  ^ 

The  first  consul  was  of  opinion 
that  the  circumstances  of  his  first 
nomination  prevented  him  from  ac- 
cepting the  proposed  reelection,  un- 
less it  should  be  specifically  conferred 
by  the  French  people,  thereby  giving 
aproof  of  their  attachment  to,  and 
permanent  confidence  in,  the  magi- 
strate who  had  been  the  object  of 
their  fijrst choice. 

In  this  manner  we  have  thought 
it  our  duty  to  carry  into  execution 
tlie  ideas  of  liie  senate. 


The  French  people  have  given 
their  answer ;  the  government  has 
received  from  almost  all  the  depart- 
ments, the  acts  which  contain  the 
expression  of  the  will  of  the  people. 
It  is  to  the  senate  we  have  thought, 
in  this  new  case,  tliat  it  belongs  to 
collect  and  promulgate  the  wishes 
of  the  people.  We  have  therefore 
ordered  the  minister  of  the  interior 
to  place  at  the  disposal  of  the  senate, 
the  registers  in  which  those  votes 
are  contained. 

We  invite  the  senate  to  take  those 
measures  which  shall  ^eem  to  its 
wisdom  the  most  proper,    for  the 
purpose  of  stating  the  result 
The  second  consul, 

Canibaccres. 
By  the  second  consul. 
The  secretary  of  state, 

•  H.B.  Maret. 


Hie  audience  of  the  corps  diplo- 
matique was  interrupted  on  the  3d 
August  by  the  introduction  of  the  con- 
servative senate.— Citizen  Barthde- 
my,  the  president,  sjpoke  as  follows : 

Citizen  first  consul,— The  Rench, 
grateful  for  the  immense  services  )nou 
have  rendered  to  tliem,  wish  that 
the  first  magistracy  of  the  state 
should  be  irrevocably  placed  in  your 
hands.  In  thus  conferring  it  upon 
you  for  life,  they  only  express  the 
opinion  of  the  senate,  as  stated  in 
its  senatus  consultum  of  the  8th  of 
May.  The  nation,  by  this  solemn 
act  of  gratitude,  confides  to  you  the 
task  of  consolidating  our  institutions 
A  new  career  commences  for  the 
first  consul,— after  prodigies  of  va- 
lour and  military  talents,  he  has  ter- 
minated the  war,  and  obtained  every 
where  the  most  honourable  condi- 
tions of  peace.  The  French  people 
S  s  3  under 


STATE    PAPERS.  6S1 

Art.  I.  The  French  people  do  ap-  without  any  uneasiness  about  the 

point^and  the  sena tc  do  proclaim , Na-  opinion  of  fatuie  generations, 

poleon  Bonaparte  first  consul  for  life.  Senators,  receive  my  thanks  for 

II.  A  statue  of  peace,  holding  in  this  solemn  proceeding.  The  de* 
one  hand  the  laurel  of  victory,  ana  sire  of  the  senate  has  expressed  th« 
in  the  otiier  the  decree  of  the  senate,  wish  of  the  people  of  France,  and  is 
shall  attest  to  posterity  the  gratitude  thereby  more  strongly  connected 
of  the  nation.  with  whaltever  remains  to  be  done 

III.  The  senate  shall  convey  to  for  the  happiness  of  the  people.  It  is 
the  first  consul  the  expression  of  the  very  gratifying  to  mc,  to  be  assured 
confidence,  the  love,  and  the  admi-  of  this  by  the  speech  of  so  distin- 
ration  of  the  French  people.  guishcd  a  president. 

(Signed)    Barthelcmy,  president.  The  n>embers  of  the  senate  then 

Vaubois  and   Fargu(^,  retired. 

secretari»?s.  

By  the  conservative  senate. 

The  secretary  general.  Circular  Loiter  of  the  Minister  of  the 

(Signed)                          Cauchy.  Interior  to  the  Prefects  of  the  dif 

The  first  consul  replied  as  follows :  ^^i  ^^'f  ^'"^"^'>  ^^^^'^  ^^'^' 

^  4tn  August » 

Senators, — The  life  of  a  citizen  be- 
longs to  his  country.  The  people  of  T  SEND  you,  citizen  prefect,  tlie 
France  wish  tliat  the  whole  of  mine  ^  senatus  consultuju,  which  pro- 
should  be  coqsecrated  to  their  service,  claims  the  will  of  tlie  French  people. 
.and  I  obey.  In  giving  me  this  new.  You  will  cause  it  to  be  proclaimed 
this  permanent  pledge  of  their  con-  throughout  the  whole  of  your  de- 
fidence,  they  have  imposed  upon  me  partment  on  tlie  15  th  of  August. 
the  duty  of  maintaining  the  system  That  day  shall  hereafter  be  conse- 
of  the  laws  and  institutions  of  there-  crated  by  the  recollection  of  great 
public.  By  my  efforts,  by  your  co-  events.  It  will  recall  to  our  poste- 
operation,  citizen  senators,  and  that  rity  the  recollection  of  the  meraor- 
of  the  coiistitated  authorities,  and  able  epocha  of  public  happiness, 
by  the  co::ifidcncc  and  will  of  this  when  the  consciences  of  the  people 
immense  people,  the  liber ly,  equa-  were  set  at  peace,  and  when  the 
lity,  and  prosperity  of  the  people  of  people  of  France  exercised  the 
France  will  bti  seaired  from  all  tlie  greatest  act  of  sovereignty  ever  ev 
accidents  which  arise  from  the  un-  ercised  by  any  nation, 
certainty  of  futurity.  The  best  neo-  The  15th  of  August  is  at  once  the 
pie  sh?."ii,  as  they  deserve,  be  the  anniversary  of  the  birth-day  of  the 
mdst  happy,  and  tlicir  happiness  chief  consul,  of  the  signature  of  the 
shall  contribute  to  that  of  all  Kurope.  concordat,  and  the  day  on  wh'ch  tlie 
Con-ont  with  having  been  called,  people  of  France,  wishing  to  secure 
by  the  order  of  him  from  whom  and  perpetuate  their  happiness,  have 
every  thing  emanates,  to  bring  connected  its  duration  with  that  of 
back  upon  the  ennh  jri>.riee,  order,  the  glorious  career  of  Napoleon 
a:jd   ecjuni-ty,  J  shall  hear  my  last  Buonaparte. 

tour    brvcij   w:li;out    regret^   and  What   pleasing  recollections    to 

S  s  4  e&cite 


632         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

excite  the  enthusiasm- of  the  French  them  being  the  oldest^  and  the  other 

people!     What   a   concurrence  of  two  the  persons  paying  most  taxes 

great  events  to  awaken  in  every  heart  among  the  citizens  having  a  right  to 

those    generous   sentiments  which  vote  in  the  cantonal  assembly.    The 

charactenze  the  French  nation !  president  and  four  inspectors  appoint 

Let  this  great  day  be  celebrated  the  secretary. — 6.  The  assembly  of 

by  acts  of  benevolence.     I   invite  the  canton  divides  itself  into  sections 

yo\i,  citizen  prefect,  to  consecrate  for  performing  the  operations  be- 

tlie  whole  of  it  to  happiness,   by  longing  to  it.    At  the  £rstconvoca- 

uniting  in  marriage  those  individuals  tion  of  each  assembly^  its  organiza- 

who  are  most    eminent  for  their  tion  and  forms  of  proceeding  shall 

virtue.  be  determined  by  a  regulation  issued 

(Signed)  Chaptal.  by  the  government. — J.  The  presi- 

■  .  dent  of  the  cantonal  assembly  ap- 

Paris,  yfug.  5.     Extract  from  the  points  tlie  presidents  of  the  sections. 

registers  of  the  deliberations  of  the  Their  functions  terminate  with  each 

council  of  state,  of  the  sitting  of  sectionary  assembly.  They  are,  each 

August  4.  of  them,  assisted  by  two  inspectors, 

tlie  (;ne  being  the  oldest,  and  the 

Project  of  a  Scnatus  Consylfum  for  other  the  most  heavily  taxed,  of  the 

organizing  the  Consiiiuiion.  citizens  having  a  right  to  vote  in  the 

section. — 8.  The  cantonal  assembly  • 

- -"^  ^'  returns  two  citizens  out  of  whom 

Art.  I.  Each  jurisdiction  of  a  justice  the  first  consul  chooses  the  justice 

of  the  peace  has  a  cantonal  assembly,  of  the  ,peace  for  the  canton.     It,  in 

—2.  Each  communal  circuit  or  dis-  like  manner,  returns  two  citizens 

trict  of  sub-prefecture,  has  an  elec-  for  each  vacant  place  of  supleant  to 

toral' college  for    the    circuit. — 3.  the  justices  of  peace.  — 9.  The  jiifi- 

Each  department  has    an  electoral  ticesoftlie  peace  and  their  svppk^- 

college  for  the  department.  aiits  are  appointed  for  ten  years,— 

Title  JI.  10.   In  cities  containing  5000  per- 

Of  the  Cantonal  Assemblies.  sons,  the  cantonal  assembly  presents 

A,  The  assembly  of  the  canton  is  two  citizens  for  each  seat  in  the  mu- 

composed  of  all  the  citizens  domici-  nicipal  council.      In  cities  where 

liated  in  the  canton,  and  inscribed  there  may  be  several  justices  of  the 

on  the  commune  lists  of  the  circuit,  peace,  or  several  can  tonal  assemblies. 

From  the  epoch  when  die  commu-  each  assembly  will,  in  like  manner, 

iial  lists  ought  to  be  renewed  in  the  present  two  citizens  for  each  seat  in 

terms  of  the  constitution,  the  assem-  the  municipal    council.— 11.   Tlic 

hly  of  the  canton  shall  be  composed  members  of  the  municipal  council 

of  all  tlie  citizens  domiciliated  in  the  are  taken  by  each  cantonal  assem- 

canton,  and  enjoying  the  rights  of  bly,  from  a  list  of  a  hundred  of  the 

citizenship. —5.    The    first   consul  persons  paying  most  taxes  in  the 

nominates  ttie  president  of  the  can-  canton.     This  list  shall  be  executed 

tonal  assembly.     His  functions  con-  and  printed  by  order  of  the  prefect.— 

tinue  for  five  years,  and  he  may  be  12.  The  municipal  councils  are  re- 

r«appointed     indefinitely.      He   is  newcd  in  the  proportion  of  one  half 

assistfrd  by  four  inspectors  5  two  of  every  ten  years.^-13.  The  first  con* 

sul 


STATE    PAPERS.  6SS 

vol  chooses  the  mayors  and  assist-  ship.  He  also  loses  when«  without 
ants  in  the  mu;iicipal  councils,  any  legitimate  obstruction,  he  ab- 
They  are  to  be  five  years  in  office,  sents  hrraself  from  three  successive 
and  may  be  reappointed.  — 14.  The  ,  meetings. -~23.  The  first  consul'  ap- 
cantonal  assembly  nominates  to  the  points  the  presidents  of  the  electoral 
cLectoral  college  of  the  circuit  the  colleges  oh  each  session.  The  po- 
^number  of  members  assigned  to  it,  lice  of*  tlie  electoral  college  vt^hen  as- 
in  proportion  to  the  number  of  citi-  sembled  is  exclusively  under  the  di- 
tens  of  which  it  is  composed. — 15.  rection  of  the  president.— 24.  The 
It  nominates  to  the  electoral  college  electoral  colleges  appoint,  at  the 
of  the  department,  fronju  a  list  here-  commencement  of  each  session,  two 
inafter  referred  to,  the  number  of  inspectors  and  a  secreta^}^ — 25.  *  In 
I  members  assigned  to  it.  — 16.  The  order  to  tlie  formation  of  the  electoral 
'-  members  of  the  electoral  colleges  colleges  of  departments,  there  shall 
most  be  domiciliated  in  tlie  respec-  be  drawn  up  in  each  department, 
tivc  circuits  and  departments. — 17.  under  the  orders  of  the  minister  of 
The  government  convokes  the  canto-  finance,  a  list  of  6OO  citizens,  who 
nal  assemblies,  fixes  the  time  of  tlieir  are  most  heavily  assessed  to  the  land- 
sitting,  and  the  object  of  their  meet-  tax,  the  tax  on  moveables,  the  tax 
ing.  on  luxury,  and  the  tax  on  licenses. 

Title  III.  To  the  amount  of  the  contribution 

Electoral  Colleges,  must  be  added  in  the  department  do- 

18.  The  electoral  colleges  of  the  micile,  such  sum  as  may  be  proved 
circuits  have  one  member  for  every  to  be  paid  in  other  parts  of  the  terri- 
500  domiciliated  inhabitants  of  the  tory  of  France  or  the  colonies.  This 
circuit. — The  number  of  members  list  shall  be  printed.— -26.  Ihecan- 
caiinot,  however,  exceed  200,  nor  tonal  assembly  will  select  from  this 
fell' below  120.— 19.  The  depart-  list  the  members  to  be  appointed  to 
ment  electoral  coijtiges  have  one  the  electoral  college  of  die  depart- 
member  for  every  1000  domiciliated  ment. — 27.  The  first  consul  may 
inhabitants  in  tlie  department  -,  but  add  to  tlie  electoral  colleges  of  cir- 
notwithstanding,  these  members  cuit,  ten  members  clioscn  from 
cannot  be  more  than  300,  nor  fewer  among  the  citizens  belonging  to  the 
than  200-— 20.  The  members  of  tlie  legion  of  honour,  or  who  have  per- 
electoral,  colleges  are  appointed  for  formed  public  seiTices.  He  may 
life. — 21.  If  a  member  of  an  elec-  add  to  each  electoral  college  of  de- 
toral  college  is  denomiced  to  the  go-  pariment  twenty  citizens,  ten  of 
vemment  as  having  peripitted  any  whom  to  betaken  from  the  tliirty 
act  contrary  to  the  dictates  of  honour  most  heavily  taxed  in  the  depart- 
or  the  interests  of  the  country,  the  ment  -,  and  ten  others,  either  from 
government  invites  the  college  to  the  members  ofthe  legion  of  honour, 
manifest  its  opinion  diereon.  Three  or  citizens  who  have  performed  pub- 
fourths  of  the  votes  are  necessaiy  to  lie  services.  He  is  not  limited  to 
make  a  denounced  member  lose  his  precise  periods  in  making  these  no- 
place in  the  college.— 22.  A  mem-  minatioas. — 28.  The  electoral  col- 
ber  loses  his  seat  in  the  electoral  col-  leges  of  circuit  present  to  the  first 
legBSufor  the  same  cause  which  would  consul  two  citizens  domiciliated  in 
deprive  him  of  the  rights  of  citizen*    the  circuit  for  each  vacant  seat  in  the 

council 


C34        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

coup.cil  of  the  circuit.     Of  tliost*  ri-  cnt  oandidatrs  on  the  list  formed  \ff 

tineas,  one  at  li.;ist  must,  ol'ncccsT  the  ccmbi  nation  of  the  prescittationi. 

hiiy,   be  chosen   from    among  ihe  of  the  electoral  colleges  of  the  de- 

m^mbers  of  tlie    elector.^  college  parimcnts  and  circuits  as  there  arife  .  ') 

\\ljioh  appoints  him.     The  councils  vacantplaccs.— 33.  Thesamp  per*     •• 

ol  ciicuit  are  removed  by  thirds^  once  son  may  be  a  member  of  -a  council    ^ 

in  five   years. — 2p.    The  electoral  of  commune  and  of  an  electoral  cd-     *, 

t  clleges  of  circuit  present  at  each  lege  of  circuit  or  department.    The    • 

mecLing  two  citizens  to  form  part  same  person  cannot,  however,  bi^^i 

of  the  list,  fiom  which  are  to  be  at  the    same   time  a  member    of  :-^ 

dic.>t;n  the  members  of  tlie  tribu-  a  college  of  circuit    and    college'  '-4 

nale.     Of  these  i  Itizf  ns,  one,    at  of  department. — 34.  The  membo's  ;| 

Irnst,    nuist  necessarily    belong  to  of    the    legislative     body  and    iof ;  .1 

ilic   colle)?jc    which    presents   him.  the  tribunate  cannot  attend  tlie  sitl 

Both  of  them  m.ejy  be  chosen  from  tinrjsoftlie  electoral  college  to  whidl 


, pre ._._     -  --  

^nst  ccpfeul  twi)  citizens  domiciliated  bly  shall  proceed  to  nomhiate  to  tl^^ 

in  each  dcpaiLment  for  every  place  j)laccs  thiit  belong  to  it  in  an  elccftd^.^; 

vacant  in  the  council  general  ol  the  ral  college,  mitil  these  places  are  re-v(' 

tlepaUmcnt.     One  ot  these  citizens,  dnced  totwo  third.!-:— 36.  TheeJeo-r5 

ni  le.'ist,  must  n(  ccssarily  b'^.  taken  toral  colleges  can  assemble  only  iiij. 

from  the  electoral  college  v.'hich  pre-  consequence  of  an  act  of  convocatiijli|t 

5eiil.>  him.     llio  renovation  ot  the  emanating  iri/m   the  govemn^feo^^ 

connciLs  general  of  liie  dcpartmc-nts  and  in  the  places  assigned  to  ihetiffh'* 

tiikes  place  by    thirds    every   five  They  can   lake    a  cognizance   jjl5\ 

years. —  ol.    'Ihc  electoral  colleges  the  subjects  only  fcjr  which  thcjr^***' -' 


vf  the  deparlnunts  present  at  each  assembled,    nor  can   they  pre 

nicMing  two  citizens  to  form   the  their  sittings  beyond  the  time 

list  from  which  the  members  of  the  by  the  act  at*  ccnvocation.     If  thinr' 

tciialc  arc  named.     One  of  I  hem,  exceed  thesb  limit-?,  tiie  ffovemniftit^J| 

at  least,  must  necessarilv  be  t:iken  ]'os.s'.;sses    the  riirht    of   dis.<iolyinlC-  i 

liom  the  college  which  presents  him,  tiiem.— 3/.    The  electoral  oolleg6J 

?nd  they  botli  may  be  taken  from  can  neither  directly  nor  indirecCT^jj 

ti.e  tlcparlmcnt.     They  arc  to  have  nor  under  any  pretext  whatsocvCT^."^ 

tJiij  age  and  tlie  qiialitications  pre-  hold  any  intercourse  with  each  othdvM 

fcribed    by   the   ccni^titutiou.— ;J2.  — OS.  The  dissolution  of  an  ele6r'^ 

'jlie  electoral  ef.Ue^rf.s  of  the  dei^nrt-  torul  body  necessarily  leads  to  tbbl 

nieiils  and  eiie.iirs  r;rescnt  enci-;  two  renewal  of  all  its  members.  '  ." 

riti'/f.ns  doj»j!c:lia!cd  in  the  depart-  Title  IV.  '     •.. 

nient,  in  order  to  form  a  list  trom  Of  the  Consuls. 

vvl.icl:  tlie  rieniLcis  of  the.  dej)Uia-         SQ.     Tiie  consuls    are   for   life, 

(■o'l   o  Uk  Jegislat.M!  b«Kly  arc  to  be  They  are  members  of  the  senate,  and 

»^r^r. .;(:.     One  ot   these  r\tiy:<'ns   is  act  as  presidents. —  40.  Tlie  second 

1.' t;  s.sa  lily  to  be  taken  from  the  eol-  ar.d  third  consuls  arc  appointed  by 

}*....  vvhich  prcsenti    him.     Tiure  the  scnnte  on  the  presentation  of  tlic 

«i.>-l  Lt  i'i,.r'i'^  tiiiacs  a:^  ;v!a:-y  diifcr-  lust, -*4J.  For  this  purpose^  when 

any 


5T  ATE  PAPERS.                ess 

laces  become  va-  second  and  tbinl  consul:;,  (he  mi- 
ni presents  to  the  iiihtcrs  and  president!)  of  the  lieclions 
n.  If  lie  U  not  of  the  council  of  state.  In  their 
nts  a  second,  Hnd  presence  lie  delivers  to  the  secretary 
lot  accepted,  lie  of  state  the  paper  sealed  witli  his 
lio  is  of  necessity  seal,  and  in  wtiich  his  wish  is  ic- 
'heutbc£rstci>n-  curded.  This  [lapcr  is  subscrilxi 
iicappoiatsaciii-  by  all  llioae  wlio  were  present  at  the 
n  after  Li  a  death,  transact  iun.  'i'he  secrctiir)' of  stilis  . 
inns  prescribed  in  deposits  it  ainniig  the  ardiivesofgo- 
:le. — 43."  The  ci-  vtrnnicnt  in  the  presence  of  the  mi- 
I  succeed  the  lirnt  nistcrs  and  pri^sidenis  of  the  Gectioni 
di  to  the  republic,  nf  the  council  of  siate.-'iS.   Tho 

by  tlie  first  con-  first  consul  may  withdraw  this  dc- 
1  second  and  third  posit,  observing  the  furiralities  pre^ 
rscHce  ofllic  se-  scribed  iu  the  prcccdius;  article. — 
rs,  the  eotincil  of  4,q.  After  tbtr  dealli  of  tlie  first  con- 
ic b(K!y,  the  tri-  <iul,  if  his  choice  has  remained  in 
nal  of  cassation,  deposit,  the  paper  ronlnining  it  is 
i^ops,  pn:sidi:iils  withdrawn  from  the  aidiives  of  go- 
appeal,  the  prcsi-  vernmi-nt  by  llie  seen  l;i%-  of  slaic, 
om  coUcges,  the  in  the  presence  ol'  the  miuistcrs  and 
n tonal  assemblies,  pn^idcnts  of  tlie    h(.-<;liuiis  of  tlie 

of  the  li^ion  of  council  of  state,    tli-ir  antheuticity 

mayors  of  tlie  24  and  identify  Ixiingn  rert^iinedin  tho 

leripublic.     The  prcsenL'O  of  the   second  and  third 

iraws  u|>ihepro-  consuls.  It  isinldre-'scdto  tlicsenate 

adniiniiiraiion  of  by  a  message  fmni  the  sj:vcrnincnt, 

le  oath  U  in  these  witli  a  ct)py   nf  the  pnx;es-verl)al, 

to  maintain  the  certifying  llio  dcjuisit,   the  idiiitity, 

respect  tlie  lihcrly  and  auilienticity.  -  5i  >.  1  f  i  lie:  iiersuu 

:o  oppose  the  re-  prcsi:nted  by  tlie  first  consul  is  not 

istitutions;  nwer  appointed,  ibc  second  aiidthc  ihiid 

L  for  the  defence  consuls  present  one  c.ich ;  in  case  of 

republic;  and  not  neither  of  these  being  noniinnted, 

Dwer  wherewith  L  they  each  m:ike  another  prcscntalion. 

I,  but  for  the  kiip-  awl  one  of  the  two  must  of  neev^- 

oplc,  from  whom  sity  be  appointed.— 51.  .If  the  firrt 

Jiall  have  received  consul  Ictves  no  pri-s<-iitaiion,  the 

>g  Liken  this  oath,  lecor.d  and  tliird  coimuls  make  their 

the  senate  immc-  prtsentalions  si^parate,  one  liral,  una 

bird  cotisul.— 4d.  second,  and  if  iieitlicr  obf.ins  the 

iy(Ic;)osit,  among  nomination,  they  make  a  third,  from 

emmciit,  his  wish  whii'lt  the  seimte  niust  of  necesi-ity 

HI  ofa  successor,  nominate.  — .'i'i.  In  every  case,  ihs 

I  tlic  senate  after  jircsenlalions  atid   nomimitJou  muft 

In  this  ca.^e,  he  lie  coitipUicd    within   twenly-timi 

itcndance  of  lie  houi-s  iiltcr  the  death  of  the  first 

COOiUl. 


636        ANNUAL    REGISTER,     1802. 

consul. —  53.   Tlie  law   determines  counsellors  of  state,  and  two  gran  J, 
for  tlie  life  of  each  first  consul  the  oflficers  of  the  legion  of  honour." 
state  of  the  expenditure  of  govern-  At  each  meetingthe  first  consul  ap- 
ment.  points    the  members  who   are    lo 
Title  V.  compose    the   privy   council.  — 58. 
Of  the  Senate,  The  first  consul  ratifies  the  treaties 
54.  The  senate  regulates,  by  an  of  peace  and  alliance,  afVer  taking' 
organic senatusconsultum—lst,The  the  advice   of '  the   privy  council." 
constitution    of   the  colonies — 2d,  Before   he  promulgates  them,   he" 
Every  thing  not  provided  for  by  the  communicates  them  to  the  seriate.— 
constitution,  and  which  may  yet  be  59.  The  act  of  tlie  nomination  of  a*   ' 
necessary  to  its  operation- 3d,    It  member  of  the  legislative  body, 'of 
explains  those  articles  of  the  const i-  tl^e  tribunate,  and  of  the  tribunal  of 
tution  which  admit  of  different  in-  cassation,    is    entitled   arrct6.— 60. 
terpretations.— 35.  The  senate,   by  The  acts  of  the  senate,  relative,  to'  , 
acts,  entitled  SeuatusConsulta  — 1st,  its  police  and  internal  administra*^" 
suspends  for  five  years  the  functions  tion,  are  entitled  deliberation.— 61.". 
of  jimes  in  the  departments  where  In  the  course  of  the  year  11,  he. 
that  measure  may  be  necessary —  will  proceed  to  the  nomination  of    ' 
2d,  Proc:laims>  when  circumstances  14  c-'i/ens,  to  complete  the  number* 
require  it,  certain  departments  out  o''        senators,    fixed  by  the  15th 
of  the   protection  of  the  constitu-  ;i  of   the   constitution.     TTiis  " 
tion— 3d,  Determines  tlie  time  when  n^        ition  shall  be  made  by  the^" 
the  individuals  arrested  in  virtue  of  senate,  on  the  presentation  of  tbe. 
the  46th  article  of  the  constitution,  first  consul,  who  shall,  for  that  pur- 
are  to  be  brought  before  tlic  iribu-  pose,  select  three  persons  fn)m  the" 
nals,  in  such  cases  where  they  are  list  of  citizens  chosen  by  the  dec- 
not  brought  to   trial    in  ten  days  torate  colleges. —63.  The  membcrt* 
from  the  period  of  their  arrest— 4tli,  of  the  grand  council  of  the"  legion*" 
Annuls  the  judgments  of  the  civil  of  honour  are  members  of  the  se- 
and  criminal  tribunals  when  dan-  nate,  whatever  may  be  their  age." 
gerous  to  the  safety  of  the  state—  —63.  The  first  consul  may  besides 
5th,  Dissolves  the  legislative  body  nominate  to   the    senate,    without'. 
and    tribunate — 6th,  Appoints  the  the   previous  presentation  of    the'- 
consuls. — 5().    The   organic    sena-  electoral  colleges  of  tlie  departmentg,' 
tus  consulta  and  ordinar)'   senatus  citizens  distinguished  for  their  ser-' 
consul ta   are  deliberated  upon    by  vices  and  tlieir  talents,   on  these, 
the  senate,-  on  the  initiative  of  tlie  conditions,  however,  that  they  shall 
government.  A  simple  majority  suf-  be  of  the  age  required  by  the  con- 
fices  for  a  senatus  consulta.     Two  stitution,  and  that  the  number  of' 
thirds  of  the  vi»tes  of  the  members  senators  shall  not  exceed  120.—^. 
present  are  necessary  for  an  organic  The  senators  may  be  consuls,  mi-. 
senatus  consultum.— 57.  The  pro-  nisters,  members  of  the  legion  of 
jectsofthe  senatus  consultum,  ad-  honour,  inspectors  of  public  instruc-" 
opted   in   consequence   of   articles  tion,  or  employed  on  extraordinaiy 
54  and  55,  are  discussed  in  a  privy  and  temporary  missions.— 65.  The" 
council,  composed  of  the  consuls,  senate  appoints  each  year  two  of  its 
two  ministers^   two  senators,  two  members  to  perform  the  duty  of  se- 
cretaries. 


STATE      PAPERS. 


637 


;taries.-T66.  The  ministrrs  have 
lis  .in  the  senate,  but  no  deliber- 
fc  voice,  unless  tliey  are  senators. 
Title  VI. 

Of  the  Counsellors  of  State. 
Oj.  The  ^unsellors  of  state  shall 
ver  exceed  tlie  number  of  50.— 
>.  The  council  of  state  is  divided 
to  sections. —  69.  The  ministers 
ve  rank,  seats,  and  votes  in  the 
oncil  of  state. 

Title  VJI. 
Of  the  Legislative  Body. 
70.'  Each  department  shall  have  a 
imber  of  members  proportioned  to 
e  extent  of  its  populaticm,  con- 
rmable  to  the  annexed  table.— ^71- 
U  the  members  of  tlic  legislative 
idy,  belonging  to  the  same  depu- 
tion,  are  to  be  nominated  at  on(^{\ 
•73.Tlie  departments  of  thejcpub- 
r  are  divided  into  five  series,  con- 
rinable  to  the  annexed  table. — 73. 
be  present  deputies  are  classed  ac- 
irding  to  tliese  iive  series. —74. 
hey  shall  be  renewed  in  the  year 

which  tlie  scries,  including  tlie 
ipartment  to  which  tliey  are  at- 
ched,  shall  be  referred. —75.  The 
spaties  nominated  in  the  year  10 
ttdl,  however,  t  ompleie  their  five 
are.  — 7^-  The  government  con- 
>kes,  adjourns,  and  prorogues,  tiie 
gislative  body. 

Title  VIII. 
Of  the  TriLunutt\ 
77-  From  and  after  the  year  13, 
le  tribunate  shall  be  reduced  to  50 
embers.  One  half  of  the  50  shall 
>  out  every  throe  years  Until 
.is  reduction  be  completed,  the 
embers  who  go  oat  shall  not  be 
placed.  I'he  tribunate  is  divided 
to  sections. — ys.  The  legislative 
)dy  and  the  tribunate  are  to  be 
holly  renewed,  immediately  on 
eir  dissolution  by  the  senate. 


Title  IX. 

Of  Justice  and  the  Tribunate, 
?g.  There  shall  be  a  grapd  judgey 
minister  of  justice.  —  80.  He  has  a 
distinguished  place  in  the  senate  and 
the  council  of  state. — 81.  He  pre- 
sides in  the  tribunal  of  cassation  and 
the  tribunals  of  appcal>  when  the 
government  judges  it  proper.  — 82. 
He  has  the  right  of  vigilance  and 
superintendence  over  the  tribunals 
and  justices  of  peace. —83.  The 
tribunal  of  cassation^  when  he  sits 
as  president,  has  the  right  of  cen- 
sure and  discipline  over  tlie  tribu* 
nals  of  appeal  and  the  criminal  tri- 
bunals. He  may,  on  serious  com- 
plaints, suspend  die  judges  from. 
their  functions,  and  send  them  be- 
fore a  judge,  to  give  an  account  ot 
their  conduct. — 84.  The  tribunals 
of  ai)peal  have  the  right  of  superin- 
tendence over  die  civil  tribunals 
within  their  jurisdiction,  and  die 
civil  tribunals  over  tlie  justices  of 
peace  of  their  district.— 85.  The 
commissioners  of  government  to  the 
tribunal  of  cassation,  superintend 
tlie  commissioners  to  the  tribunals 
of  appeal  and  the  criminal  tribunals. 
The  comniissipncrs  to  the  tribu-^ 
nals  of  appeal  superintend  the  com- 
missioners to  the  inferior  tribunals. 
— 86.  "I'he  members  of  tlie  tribunal 
of  legation  are  appointed  by  the 
senate  on  the  .presentation  of  tiie 
first  consul.  The  first  consul  pro 
sents  three  candidates  for  each  va- 
cant place. 

Title  X. 
Right  of  Pardoning, 

87.  The  first  consul  has  the  right 
of  pardoning.  He  exercises  it  alter 
the  deliberation  of  a  privy  council, 
composed  of  the  grand  judge,  twa 
ministers,  two  counsel,  and  two 
members  of  the  tribunal  of  cassa- 
tion. 


638 


ANN-UAL   REGISTER, '1802. 


tion. — Tho  council  of  state  having, 
on  the  refca-ence  of  the  consuls,  dis- 
cussed the  above  prc.j^ct,  iipprove 
of  it,  and  agree  that  it  shall  he  pre- 
sented to  the  con^.uls  in  due  form. 
(A  true  copy.) 

J.  G.  Locre, 
Secretary  general  of  the 
council  of  state. 
Approved, 

I'uonapartc,  fir^t  consul. 
By  order  of  the  first  consul, 

H.  L.  Marct, 
Secretary  of  siate. 
The  project  of  the  organic  senatiis 
consultum  was  carried  to  the  con- 
servative senate  by  the  counsellors 
of  state,  Regnier,  Fortalis,  and  Des- 
soll'-s,  oraU'-iS  of  the  government, 
aj-d  adopte'i  by  the  senate  in  its  sit- 
ting: of  tills  day. 


Buonaoaric,  iirst  consul,  in  the 
name  of  the  French  people,  pro- 
claims as  a  law  of  the  republic,  the 
scnatus  consu/lc,  of  which  the  fol- 
lowing is  the  tenor : 

Scnatus  Cansiilte  for  orgajihbig  the 
■  Cunst'itutiou. — Extract  from    the 
Mi'tristets  of  the  Conservative  Sc- 
Tiaie  of  the  -Uh  nJ'Augiut  ]b02. 

The  conservative  senate,  consist- 
ing of  the  ramibcr  of  members  pre- 
scribed by  the  OOth  article  of  the 
constitution  3  having  seen  tne  mes- 
sage of  the  consuls  of  the  republic 
dated  thi:^  day,  announiVmg  the  send- 
ing of  three  orators  of  go\  t.Tnmcnt, 
charged  \o  present  to  tlic  senate  a 
project  of  a  scnatus  consulte  for  or- 
ganizing the  constitution  J  having 
seen  the  said  project  of  scnatus  con- 
suite,  presented  to  the  senate  by 
citizens  llt^gnier,  Portalis,  and  Des- 
spllcs,  counsellors  of  slate  appointed 
for  that  purpose  by  an  arretc  of  tiie 


first  consul  of  tfce  republic,  ot  ttitt- 
same  date  3  after  bavLog  heard  thli; 
orators  of  government  r«»pecting  theT 
motives  of  the  said  project  5  deli*» 
berating  on  the  report  tS  its  special 
committee  appointed  in  the  sitting  of. 
the  30th  ult.  decrees  as  follows  :  the. 
present  senatus  consulte  shall  bC' 
transmitted  by  a  message  to  the;; 
consuls  of  the  republic.  , 

(Signed)     Barthelemy^  president^ 
Vaubois  and  Faigiies> 
secretaires.    - 

Bv  I  he  conservative  senatCj  > 

The  secretary  general,  Cauchjat 


[Then  follows  a  tiible  of  the," 
number  of  deputies  to  be  chosen  \sf\, 
each  department  to  the  legislative.*' 
body,  amounting  in  the  whole  to.  \ 
300.  Also  a  table  of  the  depart* j  ; 
nients  of  tlie  republic,  divided  intu* ; 
five  scries.]  ^'j 

Let  the  present  senatus  consult^  ^  ^ 
sealed  with  the  seal  of  state,  be  in-;'; 
sorted  in  tlie  bulletin  of  laws,  and! 
inscribed  in  tlie  registers  of  the  ju- 
diciary and  adrainis^ative  authoii-;/^ 
ties,  and  the  minister  of  justice  is, 
charged  witli  the  superintendenoS' ; 
of  its  publication. 

Paris,  August  5,  1802. 

(Signed)  Bonapart6.     ,. 

H.  B.  Marel: 

M 


The  following  Artide  is  tak^Jrtnk  \ 
the  Paris  official  Paper ,  tlie  Mam» 

teiir,  of  the  gth  August  1803. 

■  » 

TUP.  Times,  which  is  said  to  be 
under  ministeriaj  inspeciion,ii. 
filled  with  perpetual  invectives  •  ar. 
gainst  Fratice,  Two  of  im  four* 
pages  are  every  day  emplpyfd.  ^u 
giving  currency  to  the  gn>]>se9t  *,<s^ 
lumnics.     All  tiiat  imagination  can 

depictj. 


STATE      PAPERS. 


639 


depict,  that  is  low,  vile,  and  base.  Is 
by  that  .miserabit;  paper  attributed 
to  the  f  icncii  government.     Wliat 
w  its  end?    Who  pay^  it?  What 
does  it  wish  to  etfect  ? 
•  A  French  journal  edited  by  some 
minerable  emigrants,   the  remnant 
.  of  tlie  most  impure,  a  vile  refuse, 
.vithout  country,  without   honour, 
sillied  with  crimes  which  it  is  not 
in  llic   power  of  any  amnesty  to 
'^sU    away,     outdoes     c\eu     tlie* 
limes. 

.  £leven  bishops,  presided  over  by 
tiuB  atrocious  bishop  of  Arras,  rebels 
la  their  country  and  to  the  dmrch, 
,  have  assembled  in  London.  They 
print  libels  against  the  bishops  and 
tbe  French  clergy ;  they  injure  the 
"giQVCmnient  of  tiie  pope,  who  has 
icestablished  tlic  peace  of  the  gospel 
amongst  forty  millions  of  Chris- 
tians. 

The  isle  of  Jersey  is  full  of  bri- 
gands^ condemned  to  death  by  the 
tribunals  for  crimes  committed  sub- 
sequent to  the  peace;  for  assissina- 
.   tions^  robberies,  and  the  practices 
'.•-^f  an  incendiary. 
^  .  The  treaty  of  Amiens  stipulates, 
■  that  persons  accused  of  crimes,  of 
murder,  for  instance,   shall  be  re- 
spectively delivered  up.    The  assas- 
.    sins  who  are  at  Jersey  are,  on  ihe 
-    4xnitrary^    receivTd.      They   depart 
from  thence  unmolested,  in  fishing 
Wats,    disembarked  on  our  coasts, 
fl^assinate  the  richest  proprietors, 
and  burn  the  stacks  of  corn  and  the 
bams. 

Georges  wears  openly  at  London 

his  red  ribband,    as  a  recompense 

•   for  the  infernal  machine  which  de- 

'   fftroyed  a  part  of  Paiis,   and  killed 

thirty  women  and  children, or  peace- 

ah'e  citizens.     Tliis  special  ptotec- 

'    lion  authorizes  a  belief,  tliat  if  h« 


had  succeeded  he  \^'oiild  have  been 
honoured  widi  the  order  of  die 
ojarter. 

I^t  us  make  some  reflections  on 
this  stranire  conduct  of  our  nei^h- 
bonrs. 

When  twogreat  nations  mnke  peace, 
is  it  iqf  th?  purpose  of  reciprocnilv 
exciting  troubles,  or  to  engage  and 
pay  for  crimes  ?  Is  it  for  the  purpose 
of  giving  money  and  protection  to 
all  men  who  wish  to  trouble  die 
state  ?  and  as  to  the  liberty  of  tlie 
press,  is  a  country  to  be  at  liberty 
to  speak  of  a  nation,  friendly,  and 
newly  reconciled,  in  a  manner  which 
they  durst  not  speak  of  a  govern- 
ment against  whom  they  were  pro- 
secuting a  deadly  war  ? 

Is  not  one  nation  responsible  to 
another  nation  for  all  the  acts  and  all 
the  conduct  of  its  citizens  ?  Do  not 
acts  ot  parliament  even  piohibit  allied 
governments,  or  their  ambassadors, 
to  be  insulted? 

It  is  said  that  Richelieu,  under 
Louis  XIII.  assisted  the  revolution 
in  England,  and  contributed  to  bring 
Chai'les  the  First  to  the  scaftbld.  M. 
de  Choiscul,  and  after  him,  the  mi- 
nisters of  Louis  XVI.  doubdcss  ex- 
cited the  insurrectmn  in  America. 
The  late  English  ministry  have  had 
their  reveftge :  Uiey  excited  the 
massacres  t>f  September,  and  in- 
fluenced their  movements,  by  means 
of  which  Louis  XVI.  perished  on 
die  sc'.itiold,  and  by  means  of  which 
our  principal  manufacturing  cities, 
such  as  Lyons,  were  destroyed. 

Is  it  still  wished  tliat  this  series  of 
movements  and  influence,  which  has 
been  productive  of  such  calarnitous 
consequences  to  both  states,  for  so 
many  ages,  should  ht  prolonged  .' 
.  Would  it  not  be  more  reasonable, 
and  more  conformable  tx)  die  results 

of 


640        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


«f  experience,  to  make  use  of  the 
reciprocal  influence  of  proper  com- 
mercial relations,  as  the  means  of 
protecting  commerce,  of  preventing 
the  fabrication  of  false  money,  and 
opposing  a  refuge  to  criminals  ? 

Besides,  what  result  can  the  Eng- 
lish government  expect  from  fo- 
menting the  troubles  of  the  church  ? 
from  receiving  and  vomiting  back 
upon  our  territory  the  brigands  of 
the  Cotes-du'Nord  and  Morbhian, 
covered  with  the  blood  of  the  best 
and  richest  proprietors  of  those  un- 
fortunate departments  ?  from  spread- 
ing by  every  means,  instead  of  se- 
verely repressing,  all  the  calumnies 
circulated  by  English  writers,  or  by 
the  French  press  at  London  ?  Do 
tliey  not  know  that  the  French  go- 
vernment is  now  more  solidly  esta- 
blished than  the  English  govern- 
ment? And  do  they  think  tJiat  re- 
ciprocity will  be  difficult  for  the 
French  government  ? 

What  would  be  the  effect  of  such 
an  exchange  of  injuries,  of  the  in- 
fluence of  insurrectional  committees, 
of  the  protection  and  encourage- 
ment granted  to  assassins  ?  What 
would  be  gained  to  civilization,  to 
the  commerce  and  the  happiness  of 
both  nations  ? 

Either  the  English  government 
authorizes  and  tolerates  those  public 
and  private  crimes,  in  which  case 
it  cannot  be  said  that  such  conduct 
is  consistent  with  British  generosity, 
civilization,  and  honour;  or  it  can- 
not prevent  ihemi,  in  which  case  it 
does  not  deserve  the  name  of  a  go- 
vernment ',  above  all,  if  it  docs  not 
possess  the  means  of  repressing  as- 
sassination and  calumny,  and  pro- 
tecting social  order!  ^Moniteur. 


Treaty  letween  the  French  Repullic^ 
Prusna,  and  Bavaria, 

THE  first  consul  o   the  French 
republic  and  his  majesty  the 
emperor  of  Russia,   having  offered 
their  mediation  for  the  arrangement 
of  ihe  affairs  of  Grermany,  and  hav- 
ing made  known  to   the  imperial 
diet,  by  their  declaration  of  the  18th 
August  1802,  the  indemnities  which 
they  thought  should  be  adjudged  to 
each  prince  in  consequence  of  the 
7th  article  of  the  treaty  of  LmieviUe; 
his  majesty  the  king  of  Prussia  has- 
tened to  conform  to  the  plan  pre-' 
sented,  and  in  taking  possession  of  - 
the  states  adjudged  to  him^  confined' 
himself  scrupulously  within  the  li- 
mits  assign^    in  the  declaration. 
His  majesty  the  emperor  ©f  Ger- 
many having  on  his  side  announced 
the  intention  of  causing  its  different 
possessions  to  be  occupied^  his  ma^ 
jesty  the  the  king  of  Prussia^    the" 
first  consul,  and   the   emperor  of 
Russia,  have  spontaneously  hastened 
to  make  known  to  him,  that  it  was 
not  at  all  becoming  that  his  troops  ' 
should  pass  the  limits  assigned  by 
the  declaration,  or  that  tliey  should 
occupy  any  territory  but  that  ap- 
pointed for  the  indemnification  of 
the  archduke  Ferdinand. 

Yet,  without  regard  either  to  this 
declaration  made  collectively  at  Paris 
to  the  imperial  ambassador  by  the 
minister  of  the  three  powers,  nor" 
to  that  which  has  been  made  at 
Berlin  by  the  count  de  Haugix'itz 
to  M.  de  Stadion,  the  Austrian 
troops  have  taken  possession  of  Pasi- 
sau,  and  his  imperial  majesty  has 
informed  the  diet  by  his  pleni- 
potentiary, that  he  would  not  with- 
draw his  troops,  unless  the  coun- 
tries occupied  by  the  other  princes 

were 


STATE      PAPERS. 


641 


•e    in    like  manner  evacuntccl, 
ich  is  an  indication  that  his  im- 
ial  majesty  sets,  no  value  on  tlie 
laration  of  the  mediatini;^  powers^ 
I  that  he  regards  it  as  void. 
[n  consequence,  liis  majesty  the 
Ig  of  Fiiissia,  and  the  tirst  consul 
the    French    republic,    engage 
tnselves  to  reiterate  in  concert,  at 
tisbon  and  Vienna,   the  ir  elforts 
cause  the  plan  presented  to  b(' 
ipted  by  the  Germanic  body,  and 
be  ratified  in  its  whole  extent,  but 
ticularly  so   far  as  it  guaranties 
the  elector  of  Bavaria  tlie  prose r- 
ion    of   his   possessions  on  tlie 
ht  bank  of  tlie  Inn,   as  far  as  it 
aires  to  him  the  town  of  Passau. 
And  if,  contraiy  to  their  hoj)cs, 
3   their  united  interposition,   his 
ijesty.  tlie  emperor,    taking   ad- 
itage  of  the  possession  of  Passau, 
>uld  refuse  to  evacuate  it  v.  i thin 
5  period  of  sixty  days  appointed 
r  the  deliberation  of  the  imperial 
5t,  the  governments  of  Prussia  and 
ance  pledge  themselves  to  rom- 
ae  their  efforts  with  those  of  Ka- 
ria,  to  secure  to  the  latter  the  pre- 
rvation  of  her  ancit^nt  domains  on 
8   right  Qf  the   Inn,    as  w(*ll  as 
e  possession  of  Passau,    and  the 
tire   indemnity  which  lias  been 
judged  to  her. 
Done  at  Paris,  18  Fruetidor,  year 

10   (September  5,  ISOl). 
".(Signed)  Talleyrand. 

Afarquis  de  Lucche^ini. 
Cetto. 


kcree  of  Mcderh:'L')!Ll;-EHc  Mo- 
reau  de  Saint  i\Jcrf/,  i}:iiucd  at 
Parnia,  OctU^er  23,  1802. 

N   the  name  of  the  French  re- 
public.— Mederlc-I^Hiis-tlicMo- 
r2Li^  Saint  Mery,  counscllgr  of  utate. 


administrator-general  of  the  states 
of  Parma,  Piacenza,  Guastalla,   ^c. 
A  convention  concluded   between 
France  and  Spain,  the  21st  Maich 
1803,    places   at    the    disposal    of 
France,  the  states  of  the  hilant  duke 
of  Parma,  and  death  having  carried 
o^'that  prince  upon  the  pth  of  Oc- 
t{)ber  1802,  the  first  consul  has  de- 
cided, that  from  this  moment  the 
exercise  of  the  sovereignty  is  trans- 
I'erred  by  just  right  to  the  French 
republic,  and  he  has  in  cons(^,quenc« 
cast  his  eyes  upon  us,  and  declared 
us  administrator- general    of    thes« 
states.     We  have   in   consequence 
decreed  as  follows: — I.  Reckoning 
from  the  pth  October,  all  the  rights 
and  powers  attached  to  tlie  sove- 
reignty in  the  said  states  of  Parma, 
Piaccnza,  Guastalla,  Arc.  belong  and 
remain  to   die  French  republic— 
ir.   The  provisional  regency  esta- 
blished tlie  same  day,  th^t  his  royal 
highness  the  infant  duke  of  Parma 
had  ceased  to  live,  is  suppressed.— 
HI.  All  the  functionaries  of  tlie  old 
government    shall   continue  provi- 
sionally, and  until  a  new  order  ex!- 
press    tlieir    functions.  —  IV.  The 
public  acts,  whatever  tlieir  nature, 
shall  be  made  out  in  the  name  of 
the  French  republic,  and  shall  bear 
a  double  date,  viz.  that  of  the  calen- 
dar of  this  republic  and  that  of  the 
old  calendar.— V.  No  act  of  public 
administration    or  legislation   shall 
have  any  validity,  unless  it  emanates 
directly  from  us,  or  is  clothed  with 
our  approbation. — VI.    W'e  enjoin 
all  the  public  functionaries,  with- 
out exception,  under  their  respon- 
sibility, to  increase  their  zeal  and 
activity,  to  labour  conjointly  with  us 
to  maintain  good  order  and  public 
tran(]uiUity,  to  secure  the  Uiur-iph  of 
justice,  without  which  there  is  no 
society,   and  to  preserye^  among  a 
T  t  people. 


ei2         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


prople,  \vr  rtliy  of  all  our  cares,  the 
n--.]  Lct  which  it  owes  to  its  magi.-:- 
t:iitc  >^,  as  a].-,o  the  sentiment  of  liap- 
piii'jvs  to  be  governed  by  France. — 
VII.  The  present  decree  shall  be 
piintcdj  published,  and  posted  up  in 
the  usi:::l  places,  and  ena^gistcred  in 
the"  ditlercnt  offices  through  the 
V  hole  extent  of  the  states  of  Parma, 
FiL'.cenza,  Guastalla,  &:c.  in  order 
that  it  may  be  known  by  every- 
body, and  that  all  may  conform  to 
it  in  ever}'  respect,  &c. 
Paima,  Oct.  23,  1S02. 
(Signed) 

Moreau  Saint  Mery, 


Constitut'mi  of  the  Italian  Ripullic, 
Jramcdat  Lyons  1801-2. 

Title  I.     Of  the  Italian  RepuUic. 

1.  ^T^HE    catholic   religion  apos- 
1    tolic  and  iloman,  is  the  re- 
ligion of  the  state. 

2.  The  sovereignty  resides  in  the 
V  hole  of  the  citizens. 

3.  The  territory  of  the  republic 
15  divided  into  departments,  districts^ 
and  communes. 

Title  II.     Of  the  Rights  of  Citixen- 

ship. 

4.  Every  person  born  of  a  Cisal- 
pine father,  and  remaining  on  tlie 
territory  of  the  republic,  acijuires  tiie 
riehts  of  a  citizen  as  soon  as  he  be- 
comes  of  age. 

The  next  three  articles  regard  na- 
turalization. Strangers  who  have 
ai:quired  landed  propert)-  in  ihe  stare, 
or  who  possess  con imercial  or  manii- 
taeturing  establish mcnts^  and  who 
have  resided  seven  years  in  it,  may 
be  namralized.  Also  perscms  WI40 
possess  groat  talents  or  expcrtness  in 
any  of  the  arts  or  sciences,  cacu  in 
the  mechanical  ones,  or  who  liave 
teudeicd  great  senices  to  the  state. 


may  acqifne  the  right  of  citizen-" 
siiip. 

8.  The  law  determines  the  ratio 
of  minority,  the  quantmn  of  pro-' 
perty  necessary  to  constitute  a  quali-  ■ 
ricalion,  and  the  causes  for  which 
the  exercise  of  the  rights  of  citizen- 
ship may  be  lost  or  suspended". 

9.  Also  regulates  the  formation 
of  a  civic  register.  Those  citizens 
only  whose  names*  are  inserted  in' 
tliis  list,  shall  be  eligible  to  o^ices 
under  the  state. 

Title  III.     Of  the  Colleges.  -    . 

10.  The  three  electoral  colleges, 
namely,  the  college  of  the  Possi- 
denti,  that  of  the  Dotti,  and  that  of 
the  Commercanti,  are  the  primitive 
organ  of  the  national  sovereignty.-—*' 
Next  three  articles  regulate  the 
forms  of  their  meetings.  They  are 
to  meet  once  in  two  years,  at  least, 
on  the  invitation  of  the  govern- 
ment, to  complete  their  number,  to 
appoint  the  members  of  the  con- 
sulta,  of  tlie  legislative  body,  and  of 
the  tiibvmals  of  revision  and  appealj 
and  the  commissaries  of  finance* 
Their  sittings  are  to  continue  a  fort- 
night. They  are  to  deliberatCj  but, 
not  discuss,  and  that  by  secret  bal* 
lot,  and  a  third  of  tlie  members 
must  be  present  to  make  a  house*  ■ 

14.  At  every  ordinary  sitting  of 
the  colleges,  the  government  is  to 
])n:sent  to  each  of  them  a  list  of  tlie 
places  vacant,  and  the  instructioni. 
necessar}'"  for  the  non)inL:tion  to 
iluni,  and  the  college-:  mayrecciyo- 
tlie  claims  of  the  candidates. 

15,  iO\  17.  They  arc  to  approve 
or  rejci't  denuncijilons,  give  iheir  ^ 
decisions  on  the  altenuious  in  thie  ' 
constitution  that  may  be  proposed 
to  them.  No  i>er:oii  under  tliirty 
years  ol'  age  i>  eligjible  to  any  of  the 
colleges,  and  the  e'i*xiion  is  for  life. 

18.  A  member  of  any  of  the  cd- 


I 

j 


STATE      PAPERS, 


64^ 


fcges  forfeits  it — 1st,  by.  fraudulent 
bankruptcy  ;  2d,  by  absence  with- 
out good  cau&e  during  tliree  follow- 
ing sessions '5  3d,  by  accepting  an 
employment  under  a  foreign  power 
witbout  consent  of  tbe  government ; 
4th,  by  remaining  without  tlie  state 
for  si^  months  atter  being  recalled, 
or  for  any  of  those  causes  which  in- 
duce  forfeiture  of  citizenship. 

19.  Every  college  on  adjourning 
shall  send  to  the  next  censorial  as- 
sembly the  minutes  of  its  sitting. 

Tide  IV.   Of  the  College  of  the  Pos- 

sidentL 

20.  The  college  of  the  Possidenti 
is  composed  of  300  citizens,  chosen 
firoin  .such  landed  proprietors  as  pos- 
sess a  revenue  of  6OOO  livres  at 
kast.  The  place  of  its  meeting,  for 
the  first  ten  years,  shall  be  at  Milan. 

21..  Every  department  may  said 
a  member  to  this  college,  in  the  pro- 
portion of  one  for  every  30,000  in- 
habitants. 

22.  If  there  be  not  a  sufficient 
number  of  inhabitants  in  a  depart- 
ment possessed  of  the  qualification 
required  by  the  20tli  article,  tlic 
number  shall  be  completed  from  a 
quadruple  list  of  the  most  considera- 

.  ble  proprietors  of  tlie  same  depart- 
ment. 

23.  At  every  session  the  college 
is  to  complete  its  numbers  accord- 
ing to  the  lists  of  landed  property 
which  it  is  authorized  to  require  of 
die  government. 

24.  It  is  to  elect  nine  members 
from  its  own  body,  who  are  to  con- 
sdtute  the  censorial  power. 

25.  It  is  to  make  out  a  triple  list 
according  to  the  relative  majority  of 
votes,  for  the  election  of  the  public 
functionaries,  indicated  in  the  1 1th 
flnicle,  and  present  it  to  tto  cen- 
Jors* 


Tide  V.  Of  the  Colfege  of  the  Dotti. 

20.  The  college  of  die  Dotti  is 
composed  of  200  citizens,  chosen 
f^om  among  persons  who  are  cele- 
brated for  dicir  knowledge  in  the 
sciences,  or  die  liberal  or  mecha- 
nical arts,  or  from  among  those  who 
are  dittinguished  for  their  acquaint- 
ance with  eccleaiastical  learning,  or 
their  researches  in  morality,  legisla- 
tion, political  or  administrative  in- 
formation. It  shall  reside  for  die- 
first  ten  years  at  Bologna. 

27.  At  every  meciing  the  session 
transmits  to  the  censurate  a  triple 
list  of  those  citizens  duly  qualified, 
according  to  which  it  is  to  fill  up  the 
vacancies  in  offices. 

28.  It  is  to  select  from  its 
body  six  members,  who  are  to  con- 
stituic  part  of  the  censurate. 

29.  It  is  to  form  a  double  li<;t, 
according  to  die  majority  of  suf-  ' 
frages,  for  the  election  of  public 
functionaries  mentioned  in  the  J  1th 
article,  and  present  it  to  die  censu- 
rate. 

Tide  y  I.    Of  the  College  of  the  Com- 
mercaiiti, 

30.  ITie  college  of  die  Commer- 
canti  is  composed  of  200  citizens, 
chosen  from  am©ng  the  most  con*- 
siderable  merchants  and  manufac- 
turers. It  is  to  reside  at  Brescia 
for  the.  first  ten  years.  It  is  to  com- 
plete itself  at  ever)' session  accord- 
ing to  die  infonnation  that  it  has  a 
right  to  demand  of  the  govern- 
ment. 

The  articles  28  and  29  are  com- 
mon to  all  the  colleges. 

Tide  VII.  ■  Of  the  Censurate. 

33.  The  Censurate  is  a  commit- 
tee of  twenty-one  members,  nomi- 
nated by  the  colleges  in  the  form  and 
proportion  expi'cssed  in  the  24th  and 
T  1 2  2adi 


644        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

2Sth  articles.    It  shall  reside  for  the  is  to  exercise  by  the  medium  of  the 

first  ten  years  at  Cremona.  ministers. 

34.  It  shall  assemble  always  on  48.  He  apj'oinfs  the  ministers^ 
tlic  fifth  day  after  the  sittings  of  the  the  civil  and  diplomatic  agents)  the 
tlirce  colleges.  chiefs  of  the  nniiy  and  the  generals. 

35.  The  sitting  shall  continue  for  "'J'he  law  provides  for  th(;  nomination 
only  ten  days,  and  seventeen  niem-  of  officers  of  inferior  rank. 

bers  are  neccssaiy  to  constitute    a  4Q.   He  names  the  victvpresident, 

meeting.  who,  in  his  absence,  takes  his  place. 

36.  It  is  to  nominate  to  all  va-  in  the  consulta  of  stale,  and  reprc- 
cant  offices  from  the  lists  transmitted  scnts  him  in  all  the  capacities  wiiich 
by  the  three  colleges,  and  by  the  he  may  cIkkjso  to  confide  to  him. 
greatest  number  of  votes.  ( jnce  appointed,   he  cannot  be  dis- 

3/.  It  is  to  declare  the  election  of  missed  during  tlK*. presidence  of  hinat 

the  functionaries  nominated  by  tlie  by  whom  he  was  elected, 

jiiajority  of  the  three  colleges.  .  50.    In  e\ery  case  where  the  of- 

38.  It  is  t<)  nominate  to  tlie  va-  ficc  of  president  hiiiy  be  vacant,  he 
cancies  in  tlie  college  of  tlie  Dotti,  shall  possess  all  the  priviieges  of  the 
agreeable  to  the 'i/tli  article.  "president  until  the  election  of  his 

39.  It  is  to  terminate  its  nomi-  successor. 

nations  within  the  time  fi\«d  for  its  Next  follow  several    rcgulationg 

meetings.  respecting  the  transaction  of  the  pub- 

40.  It  is  to  exercise  its  functionis  lie  business  between  tlie  president 
according  to  the  articles   109,  111,  and  the  secretary  of  state. 

114.  53.  Theealary  of  tlie  president  is 

41.  The  ccnsurate'is  to  renew  it-  fixed  at  5(X),000  livres  of  Milan. 
self  at  every  meeting,  ordinary  or  and  that  of  the  vice-president  At 
extraordinar}^  of  the  electoral  col-  100,000. 


leges. 


f^' 


42.  The  acts  of  the  censurate  I'i^le  IX.  OftheConsuUaofSta^. 
are  to  be  presented  to  the  colleges  at  5-f  .  The  Consulta  of  State  consists 
their  first  meeting.  of  eight  citizens,  of  forty  years  of 

^_  ,     ^  age  at  least,  elected  for  life  bytha 

Title  VIII.     Of  the  Government.      colleges,  and  distinguished  for  emi- 

43.  The  Government  is  entrusted    nent  services  done  to  the  republic, 
to  a  president,  a  vice-president,  a        55.  The  president  presides  in  the 
consulta  of  state,  to  ministers,  and    consulta  of  state,  and  one  of  ks 
to  a  legislative  body,  in  conformity    members  is  to  be  appointed  minister 
to  their  respective  privileges.  for  foreign  afiairs. 

44.  The  president  is  to  exercise  5(5.  The  consulta  of  state  is  spe- 
his  functions  for  ten  years,  and  to  •  ^ially  charged  witli  the  consideration 
be  indefinitely  reeligible.  of  diplomatic  treaties,  and  every  ob- 

45.  The  president  has  the  ori-  ject  which,  relates  to  the  foreign  af- 
•nnatiiig  of  nil  the  laws,  conform-  .  lairs  of  the  state. 

ably  to  lirticle  tlie  7J}th.  5/.  The  instructions  .rclotiYe  to 

4().    lie  has  also  the  originating    negotiations  are    discussed   in  the 

of  iiJl  ilie  diplomatic  negotiations.       ■  consult!,  and  .treaties  shall.be  dcfi- 
47.    He    is   exclusively  invested    nitivc  only  when  sanctioned  b^.dic 

wlili  the  i;.\ecutivc  power,  >Yhich  he    absolute  majority  of  its  membcTs. 

[The 


STATE  PAPERS.                645 

-P^c  58th,  5C)tb,  6oth,  6lst,  and  the  motives  for  sancdoning  them.. 

02d  sections  are  not  of  much  im-  The   salary  of  each  couosellot   i& 

portance.]  fixed  at  20,000  livres. 

^n%'.J^lf  president  exclusively  Title  XII.  Of  tfw  Legislative  Body. 
pobsesscs  the  mitiative  in  all  affairs  rnu  ^  -"^y 
proposed  in  tlie  consulta,  and  in  all.  ^^*  ^"^  Legislative  Body  is  corn- 
decisions  his  vote  is  to  preponde-  P^^^  ^^  seventy-five  members,  of 
rate.  thirty  years  of  age"  at  least,  chosen  by 

^4,  In  case  of  the  cessation,  re-  each  department  according  to  its  po- 
agnation,  or  deatli  of  the  president,  P^a^ion,  One  half  of  them  are  to 
the  consulta  of  state  elects  his  sue-  ^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^  college, 
cessor  by  an  absolute  majority  of  .  ^^-  It  is  to  be  renewed  by  thirds' 
votes  witliin  the  space  of  forty-eight  ^''^^^  *^^  Y^^^-  The  going  out  of 
hours  5  and  it  cannot  separate  un-  the  first  and  second  third  is  to  be  de- 
til  the  accomplishment  of  that  ob-  termined  by  lot. 
ject.                          "  83.   The  government  •  convok«5 

65.  The  salary  of  the  members  tff  *^  legislative  body,  and  prorogues 

the  consulta    of  state  is  fixed  at  its  sittings.    They  cannot,  however, 

30,000  li\Tejs.  ^^    shorter  thati  two  months   an^ 

nually. 

Title  X.     Of  the  Ministers.  84.   In  order  to  entitle  it  to  deli- 

Under    this    head    arc   comprc-  berate,  moi'e  than  one  half  of  the 

bended  a  grand  national  judge  or  members  must  be  present;  not  in- 

rrjimster  of  justice,  a   minister  for  '  eluding  tlie  orators, 

the     administration   of  the   public  1'^e    regulations    which    follow 

treasury,  and  a  secretary  to  the  na-  merely  relate    to  die  forms  of  ap-. 

tional  judge,  who  is  occasionally  to  pointing  the  orators,  and  promul- 

be.his  substitute.    '  gating  or  denouncing  laws  as  uncon- 

74.   No   act  of  the  government  stitutional. 
cnn  be  voted  unless  signed  by  a  mi-  .      The  salary  of  the  members  of  the 

'  nister,  legislative  body  is  fixed  at  (>000  livres 

rr...,     VT      r^i^    J     r      \    -  of  Milau,  and  that  of  tlic  orators  st 

JLitle  Ai.     Of  the  Legislative  OOOO. 

^.    TK    T    ^7"f'n        -1  Title  XIIL     Of  the  Trllunats. 

Y5,  The  Legislative  Council  can-  ni  •    i      j        i^           ,    i 

^ot  be  composed  of  less  than  ten  ci^  Ihis  head  embraces  die  appoint- 

tizens  of  the  age  of  thirty  years  at  ^^"^  ^f.^^^^  ditlerent  tribunals,  civii 

least,   appointed  by  the   president,  a/^^l  ^^iljtary  ^l^'ch  are  formed  afler 

but  who  may  be  dismissed  by  him  the^fo^?!  of  die  French  republic, 

at  the  end  of  th  rce  years.  , ./"  ^^^  J^^^S^'^  •^^^  «"  appointed  for 

•  7^,  77,  7S,  7Q.   Themembersof  1;^^^  ^^d  cannot  be  deprived  of  their 

the  legislative  council  have  dclibe-  «itiialioiis  but  meonscHuence  of  im- 

rative  voices  on  ilie  projects  pro-  P^oper  conduct, 

posed  by  the  president,  which  can-  Title  XIV.     Of  the  RespOTisihilit^  of 

not  be    passed  but  by  an  absolute  the  Public  FunctioiiUries, 

majority  of   votes,    they  are  spe-  i05.    The  functions  of  the  mem- 

cially  charged  widi  the  drawing  up  bcrs  of  the  colleges,  and  of  die  cen- 

of  projects  of  law^  and  explaining  surate,  of  the  president  and  vice- 

1'  t  3  resident 


646       ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


president  of  the  government,  of  the 
members  of  the  consulta  of  state, 
of  the  legislative  council,  of  tlie 
legislative  body,  of  the  chamber  of 
orators,  and  of  the  triounals  of  re- 
vision and  cassation,  are  not  subject 
to  any  responsibility. 

107.  The  ministers  arc  respon- 
sible— 1.  f<Jrthe  acts  of  lliegovem- 
luent  signed  by  them  j  2.  for  neglect 
in  CNCciiting  the  laws  and  tlie  rules 
of  public  administration  J  3.  for  par- 
ticular orders  given  by  them  conti'aiy 
lo  the  constitution,  and  to  the  regu- 
lations by  which  it  was  supported  -, 
4.  for  peculation. 

TIic  other  sections  of  this  head 
relate  to  tiie  powers  of  the  tribunal 
of  cassation,  for  trying  tlie  ministers 
accused,  and  to  the  share  taken  by 
the  colleges  and  the  censurate  in 
that  transaction. 

Title  Xy.     General  Dispositions . 

1X6.  The  constitution  acknow- 
ledges no  other  civil  distinction  tlian 
that  which  is  derived  from  tlie  exer- 
cise of  public  functions. 
.  117,118,119.  Every  inhabitant 
of  the  Cisalpine  territory  is  free  with 
respect  to  tlie  particular  exercise  of 
his  religion.  iTie  republic  recog- 
nizes no  privileges  for^ .  or  impedi- 
ments to  industry  and  commerce, 
boih  externally  and  internally,  but 
iliose  founded  in  law. 

120.  There  is  throughout  tlic 
rej)ublic  an  uniformity  of  weights* 
measures,  coin,  of  civil  and  criminal 
Jaws,  and  tiie  elementary  system  of 
instruction. 

121.  A  national  institute  is  charg- 
•ed  with  collecting  discoveries,  and 
bringing  to  perfection  the  sciences 
and  the  arts. 

122.  A  national  exchequer  is  to 
rcgtilate  and  ascertain  die  accounts 
oi  the  revenues  and  expenses  of  the 


republic.     It  is   to  consist  of  five 
members  appointed  by  the  colleges. 
One  of  whom  is  to  resign  in  every  ■ 
two  years,  but  is  to  be  recligible. 

123.  The  troops  who  receive  pay 
are  to  obey  the  orders  of  llie  admi- 
nistration. The  national  guards  are 
subject  only  to  the  laws. 

124.  Tlie  public  force,  by  its 
veiy  nature,  must  obey.  No  armed 
body  tan  deliberate. 

125.  All  the  debts  and  credits  of 
tlie  ancient  provinces,  now  tlie  Cis- 
alpine, are  recognized  by  the  re- 
public. 

126.  Every  purchaser  of  national 
property,  at  a  legal  sale,  cannot  be 
disturbed  in  the  possession  of  it; 
but  any  lawful  claimant  is  to  be 
indemnified  by  tlie  treasury  of  the 
state. 

127.  The  law  assigns,  on  the  na- 
tional property  not  sold,  a  sufficient 
revenue  to  all  bishops,  chapters,  se- 
minaries, curates,  and  for  church 
repairs.  This  revenue  cannot  be 
otherwise  applied. 

128.  The  consult!  may  at  the 
end  of  three  years  propose  any  alte- 
rations in  the  constitution  it  deems 
necessary. 


Proclamation  of  the  Italian  Republic, 
issued  by  a  Committed  of  trie  Go- 
vernment, at  Milan,  on  the  6th  of 
February  1802. 

THE  treaty  of  Luneville  esta- 
blished the  independence  of 
the  Italian  republic 5  at  the  moment 
when  that  treaty  was  signed,  this 
country  was  held  by  right  of  con- 
quest, and  was  ruled  by  a  provi- 
sionary  government,  entirely  under 
die  direction  .of  the  general  of  the 
French  army.  » 
It  was  necessary  to  proceed  to  or- 

.  ganize 


STATE      PAPERS. 


647 


.gani^e  this  country  5  and  this  was 
the  object  of  the  consul  ta  at  Lyons. 

Two  kinds  of  organization  were 
in  our  choice;  the  one  of  that  sort 
which  this  country  obtained  in  1796, 
This  might  have  been  imposed  hy 
force,  but  would  never  liave  been 
submitted  to  by  the  inhabitants.  It 
would  have  produced  disorder  and 
civil  dissensions.  It  would  have 
rendered  the  Cisalpine  the  centre  of 
anarchy,  and  consequently  a  per- 
petual object  of  terror  to  her  neigh- 
bours. 

The  second  organization  nearly 
con*esponded  to  that  proposed  by  the 

•  inhabitants,  witli  a  strong  and  cen- 
tral government. 

All  the  places  have  been  easily 
filled  up,  for  few  countries  abound 

•  in  citizens  so  distinguished  both  by 
their  information  and  tlieir  probit)\ 

But  the  first  place,  owing  to  cir- 

.  cumstances,  was  not  so  easily  filled 

up.     On  this  account,  tliat  line  of 

conduct  was  followed,   which   the 

.  interest  of  the  coimtry  dictated,  and 

we  may  say,  the  interest,  well  un- 

•  derstood,  of  her  neighbours. 

Tlie  government  is  fixed  at  Milan. 
The  principal  laws  necessary  to  set 
the  constitution  in  motion  are  fram- 

'.  ing;  and.  the  country,  witliout  ef- 
fort, in  a  short  time,  will  find  itself 
com|j3etely  organized. 

Those  who  imaofine  that  nations 
may  be  or2;anized  in  one  day,  in  one 
hour,  simply  by  digesting  a  paper, 
must  find  something  exlraordiixary 
in  accomplishing  such  a  measure. 

,  .  But  such  as  are  convinced  that  a 
people  really  possesses  no  constitu- 
tion except  when  it  is  effective,  and 
that  among  all  nations,  the  moments 
of  organization  are  a  terrible  crisis, 
will  readily  be  cominced  that  the 
steps  which  the  consulta  at  Lyons 
has  taken  are  both  wise  and  natu- 


ral; and  whatever  may  be  said  to 
find  more  in  its  conclusions  than  is 
really  to  be  found  there,  is  but  idle 
prating. 

.  But  it  may  be  said,  that  France 
combines  to  its  thirty  millions  of  in- 
habitants, the  accession  of  influence 
attached  to  four  millions  which  in- 
habit the  Italian-  republic ! ! !  An 
alarm  is  excited  on  this  account — an 
outcry  against  the  power  and  ambi- 
tion of  France. 

Let  us  compare  the  influence  of 
France  in  different  parts  of  Europe 
since  tlie  treaty  of  Luneville,  with 
that  which  she  possessed  in  If 88. 
In   1788,  France  possessed  a  con- 
siderable influence  over  the  king  of 
Sardinia,   the  king  of  Naples,  and 
the  republic  of  Venice.     Over  the ' 
republic  of  Venice,  because  bhe  was, 
by    her    situation,    the    enemy  of 
France ;  over  the  king  of  Naples, 
on  account  of  the  family  compact ; 
over  the  king  of  Sardinia — for  he 
was  bound  to  Fiance,  by  his  inability 
to  defend  Savoy  and  Nice,  by  double 
alliances,  and  still  snore,  by  the  pre- 
tensions of  Austria  to  Montserrat. 
Thus  France  possessed  an  influence 
in  tlie  system  of  Europe  over  three 
great  states,  containing  twelve  mil- 
lions of  men. 

At  tlie  present  period,  Venice  be- 
longs to  the  emperor :  with  regard 
to  Naples,  tlie  family  compact  no 
longer  exists.  The  Italian  republic 
must,  therefoi'e,  compensate  both  of 
tlicse  losses. 

Thus  France  has  made  no  addi- 
tion to  her  influence.  The  cession 
of  Venice  has  given  the  emperor  a 
marked  ascendant  in  the  Adriatic, 
and  over  Italy:  and  if  the  Italian 
republic  languished  in  disorganiza- 
tion— rf  she  did  not  became  the  sme 
and  faithful  allay  of  France,  the  po- 
litical stal,e  of  Europe  would  be  at 
T  t  4  the 


64S         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

r *  -    '^  : -  -  -,  :i •  '. f  A  i :  -  'i .^  J  \hc  f"^ V. W '•  -  ( ■'  '1  i z^^'^  tn  ace; '.i iesce  i n  the  pnrti tioH* 

T.  '    r  .v'/,:'.'i  V"  1  -t,  ;r  1  j!:r  i' -ult  rf'  I'olaivl,   wiilioiit  obtaining,  as  a 

^:    1   -var,    ^.  iriivj   uiii'h  v.v  i:i'ft  ro;ii]K:i-.:T!on,  neither  Belsjiuni  nor 

•'     '.':■  r^':::i  :ih-:;i'.lrd  baffles :  fl;:r-  ilir*  I'XLr  <Vjx»rtmcnt.^  of  the  Rnin^, 

i   _;      !  ■' Ii    ■.-.'»   hr.  C'    f.^ire    iouy-d  -i.;  v/iulJ  h.i\c  ctnsed  to  be,  v.hat 

y.  f  :      :,  >f   ij-c  v.t!1s  of  Vi-:.;-.!.  -iif   h:i-i    al\Ka^3  been,    a  powtr  of 

v;   .[].:■  r-j  plri.'fr  i:,  :n  a  «.ir«..iri":»  ///c  fr^t  rank. 
'i,r:r:*'  f::  .:i  rcf'  r-  t!;e  v.\ir. — FriiiicL*         W«.' will  r:.x  cnnriniie  this  parallel 

r-.-Vr  por  t'j  f  \f  r<  i-e  ;:n  inorrlinaie  fuiLLt  r.   nor  demoii?»trate  how  diP- 

J '  v:  :  ','.  <^:-  :.::•,'  iy.i:!.b  ...I'l:::  coun-  I'riiir  tin*  -;;uat:«ii  of  France  was  in 

1/::    -.!  ■  o/.oit   ...iivfiltv  ro  IJSb,  and  art  or  ihe  preliminaries  of 


t    -   ! 


'*    ■  1:   <'.  ir  \\iiz    tf-v.ll:ijiiii:ii,     thf;  Iy>iiJ'):i.     TipjXKJ  Siiib,  like  Poland, 

\\.'  ■^- •--!;.  in  <  if  pea*'*.  ha  5  di-^iippearv-J  fniiii  the  system  of 

]ji  \\\f'  vvMeiu  of  Germany,   To-  India,  iipd  hi^  ti-ni tones  have  gone 

!  ■  •^  T; . : !-.  •_  y ,  :> : :  i  ^  \; ',-« '(.n ,   u  •  -.  i  rt- 1  r-  >  incri.*:'>:^  t  In*  immense  possessions 

♦J.    ?:■■ /^  ■•  w'rh  Frj.i!r".     iVliiiifl  i>  ofiheEngH-h. 

r.n  n..."   :   i*  I'll-;  lv«:ii  civ:iM',\'rd  lo  Nu  iianon  ever  showed  so  mnd) 

I         tf 

a.::'.;:/  :Ii  •  po«vcr  of  o;.r  iv  ii:h-  m"iueraiij;n  as  France ;  all  that  she 

co'.r=.     'i  urk'y,  a  prey  to  civil  war,  ron«jiKrcxl  in  war  she  has  restored 

i-  '  .-:   r!/.r  t. J  rit.fiii  ii.fr  Lull -i^tence  in   jn-ncc.      JjUt   it   is   proper    she 

V:'  '■■•:■':  \n  coiit'rv.Tc  to  f  xi-t :  she  ^hoiiM   nstrirt    herself   to    certain 

..p  1,.) !  •■.OTl:cT\"..:ivv.ci"jfhLin  the  iii-iirs,    bcii^nd  v.'hich  the  govern- 

r : :  ■  r  ■.  ( .  1  ( 3  ? -n V: :i : ly .  nv ■  n t  m l>i  ti:  1 1  i ii I o  wc  ak ness .   Ecpi- 

'i  !i'j  r'fjii-i'.i'^ns  which  Rus.-ia  has  lihrir.m  in  tiie  affairs  of  Germany, 

mr.rl'   ill  ]'..!:':i:i:   il.':-  fl«  ^rtrc  of  civi-  equilibrium  in  the  an'airs  of  Italy— 

} i 7 n ♦  i </.  1   :i ; . J.  y • .  wi r  r i )   \vl : i ■. ii   th Lit  siicli  i s  t he  ^/ - 1  em  of  Frai .ce :  she doe^ 


*  '; 


'f  Ii..-.  :'*}  .  :v  r;  ;,)  m.  Urn  limes,     rnt  6>ire  to  give  the  law,  but  she 
J':'!  '.'•.,:.:  V,  l.irli  •!•,?.:,  r--»  t  verv  lliiii? :     cii'i'  >  riijt  ^•ilnf}^c  to  reaVive  it. 


o 


i\\\    il.'  •     <  irc'in^stiti.'Cf")    have  ex-         On  ujn-id'jring  the  political  situ- 

citp.'l  ti;. '(!'-.:' :-.d:i;;:'.'.rniarlcs XII.  atirMi  tif  Eiir.-|>f  in  every 'point  of 

to  IT•lc:;:.^:'.■.n  the  e'';i:".)i»^riuin  of  the  view,  we  sic  rlii:t  France  has  gained 

iji-ilric,    l.:;r  liivf  left  tli.- ill  i!o  real  no  n'.-w  aircssii  in  of  influence:   she 

['  Vi  r  i:i  t'.e  r!i:^r->  of  (it  rr.r.nv.  h:-^    only   maintain*?d    her    fonnep 

l-i-;  c'lfv.-^^i.  11   wliitli  \'\  ince  has  liink. 
i* '  ■  ■ ; '  1 :  !■'  :i  i  r.  i  i  i c  f ;  ■ : r  C. ■  r  art n :en  t s  i  -f  Bon aj^artc,  P. 

tl.-.  rj/.'i'.e,  t'-'i -^  iiw.  o  nipni^^r.te  the  Mclzi,  V.  P. 

r    ;■     ■'•.-•/.;;••  !;i-';rnciJ;!,r:.T^lia^c  ^^ 

.-      .'..  '.  ■.■;»■  iji'  I  .'!:-ti»:sn  o*  Pohuul.  """  '  " 

'  ..-:  :r..T.on  iM>■\ilU^Kd  Fiance  a  Di^^pi-hh /rem  the  French  M'mlster 

:■- -  ''-r:    ;-,■.::..■•  ^hc  has  not         of  fnr^'inn  J/jhirs  to  the  French 

<■:.■•'.: ::  /.  r.::lriv.l  Mily.  of  o.n.sidcr-  if:^:rirc'ir4i/a}rcs  Backer,  at  tha 

j=.'-  ■;- ;'.i-.:i:fr^   ai-r.i:iiiatcd  in   the         Dlti^'f  RatUlon. 

\.\'\y    lyf  Ll.   <:".■,  In  ;t   CVCP'^i'.K*  to 

'■■•-  >'  '-.^  r*  V. -joiM  ^Iic  -hoi:irl  !:.»'.  c  Parh,  I:  J.  I  A,  JS02. 

-.'■..;  ken  v.i  =  h'::i!(/.n/is.  /CITIZEN,    I    think    it    incumr, 

■*'    ^:./.::fT'.jr:r.iv.  r-f  \]\r  -flairs  \^  hcnt   itj'on  me  to  inform  you 

'  I  »'■'••■  .^     i';i-.'.i.'*  '  as  nrdi'  r  lo^t  odicialiy,  of  the  results  of  an  extrsi- 

::.::.  i,:.;:.... ;  auJ  i;  blic  huU  been  ordinary-  cuDiuJta  ut    the  principal 

ciiizeixi 


STATE  PAPERS.                 649 

citizens  of  the  Cisalpine  republic,  wisest  citizens  of  the  Italian  rqpub- 

Iield  ^t  Lyons,  lie,  reflecting  on  tlie  diversity  of  ele- 

The  tredty  of  Liineville  had  con-  mcnts  of  which    they  were  coni- 

secrated  the  existence  of  that  repub-  posed;  became  convinced,  that  to 

lie,  bnt  it  was  tliere  spoken  of  rather  prevent  the  injurious  effects  which 

as  about  to  exist,  than  as  actually  might  arise  from  tlie  rivalship,  the 

.established.  pretensions,  and    the  animosities  of 

The   Cisalpine  republic,  succes-  their  fellow-eitizcns,   it  was  neces- 

fslvely  occupied  by  Fi-ench  and  Im-  sary  to  call  in  the  aid  of  the  ascen- 

perial  troops,  had  not  tlie  power  of  dancy  of  a  foreigner,  who  shoijld  be 

governing  herself,    It  was  the  duty  superior  to  tliose  passions,  and  who 

of  the   French    government,    after  would  not  by  his  conduct  give  rise 

having  ensured  the  freedom  of  that  to  disorders,  which  might  not  only 

country    by    arms  5    after    having  disturb  the   tranquillity  of  tlic  Ita- 

paused  her  independence  to  be  ac-  lian  republic,  but  trouble  the  repose 

knowledged  by  all  the  powers  of  the  of  Europe. 

continent,  to  call  upon  her  to  fulfil  It  was  from  a  deep  impression  of 

the  fifst  duties  necessary  to  tlie  eur  tliese  circumstances,  tliat  they  felt 

joyment  of  diese  advantages.  themselves  hound  to  represent  to  tlie 

The  public  voice  of  Italy,  and  the  first    consul,    tliat     tlieiri   country 

formal  request  of  the  provisory  au-  ought,  in  the  iirst  moments  of  its 

Aorities,  had  on  various  occasions  political  existence,  to  be  secm*ed  ia 

.expressed    the    general    confidence  its   independence,    guarded  against 

which  tliat  nation  placed  in  him,  and  the  dangers  with  which  it  might  bo 

their  wish  to  receive  from  him  both  threatened,  and  wisely  directed   ia 

adefinitive  constitution,  and  the  first  the  choice  of  means  for  its  futm^ 

choice  of  her  magistrates.    The  first  preservation. 

consul  was  anxious  that  diis  general  Siich,  citizen,  are    the  result  of 

wish  of  that  nation  should'  be  ac-  the  convocation  of  the  Italian  con*- 

Complished  agreeably  to  die  princi-  sulta  at  Lyons .    I  beg  you  will  com- 

pies  of  her  independence.     He  con-  municate  to  the  government,  where 

yoked    die  principal    citizens;    he  you  reside,  the  notification  which  I 

collected  their   opinions    and    suf-  have  the  honour  of  making  to  you. 

fl'ages.     It  is  by  these  opinions,  and  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  it  will  ^see 

these  sufirr.ges,  that   her  constitu-  in  this  event  a  new  proof  of  the  de- 

tion    and    magistrates    have    been  sire  which  animates  die  government 

chosen.  of  the    republic  to  consolidate,   by 

Tlie  goveninient  of  the  republic  every  means  in  its  power,  the  gene- 

fi^els  tliat   the    tranquillity  of  Eu-»  ral  tranquillity  of  Europe,  and  to 

rope  depends  ujipn  the  tranquillity  of  guaranty  permanently  the^  relations 

each  stare  whicli  forms  a  part  of  it.  which  unite  the  different  states.    - 

After  having  made  the  greatest  ef-  *                   ,             ' 

forts  to  terminate  a  war,  which  for  (Signed)  C.  M,  TaleyrancL 
so  long  a  time  desolated  Europe,  it 
hopes  diat  the  influence^  of  cool  wis- 
dom in  all  those  nations  within  the 
sphere  of  its  alliance,  \\-lll  destroy 
all  uncertainty  and  agitation.     Thti 

■  The 


fSO        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


t ;  -;  Ji =;  •  -.  •. : .  r*  re [/j .?.  :c ,  wri s  ^o- 
i-.  r.  ii  V  i  . . . '  !  or.  ih-r  25 th  of  M?  re  h . 
'i  i. ':  ?-'-:.*'  '  t  I.v. :.';■. ii ! -  hid  j'.rr aiy 
f^  .--  ■  r.  , :.•'::'::, uii  pe:C'-:  th^t  of' 
.'i.:.  .-.-  •/:':■.. r.-=i  ma::*.ir:".e  p_-2Cf:. 
7  ^-  y  ^:  r : i  -.  rr  •  tro .:  ^  re^/? n t!  nents ,.  wli ! cb 
ti.r  tO  lyr,7  a  iiiT.*;  divided  and  dis- 
X-^r'^A    r-aiioL.:»,    are  at  iast  tmiii- 

Tij':  lrr:rj?y  of  Apiif:n>  rhali  uil  pji:- 
t^:hrv,  ih.-it  if  Bonr.partd  w?.^  srtiit 
by  his  xAo'-.T,  Le  ua>  so  no  ie^ss  by 
his  w'.-dr-r-..  Ixt  i:i  therelbre  re- 
j'^iia:,  tViio'.v-(.r.izens,  we  to  whom 
t/iit  ip'-'at  i;'i'.:n  pcoil'arly  belongs 
hy  -o  rr:  ,r.y  litks,  the  founder  of 
fr.ir  li-j'-riyi  r!/  nstorcr,  the  si:p- 
y;</r t ,  ail  .1  :.h  -  : .: i  d  c  c f  our  re i: ii  oi  i c . 
J-  iir/t  hii  L'::.-rv  tire  plrd::::?  cf  cur 
'.\\(\'  \/M'.\'-  if  '•:  and  to  v.'iom  c/n 
J, is  II.:,-.':  i-r :!  his  S-^^y  he  denrf.r 
t*;^n  to  ';. .'  1m  u-i  thereto «re  reioicT* 
s^.i.'i  t?-.kf-  ( ^.■.rr:-:(::  let  us  rv,t  a?i  c;ia 
to  rh^  fai' 1  :■:  o  iti.''ni:(-=i  \v|-,i(h  hi- 
iLepn  h^.\'*  I'.ept  opinions  divided, 
zvA  sc;it;;;:f"r't .  suppressed. 

I\o,  01 -r  d'  '.iny  i«^  no  longer  un- 
cc;\\^'ri:  ir.  no  lender  depemls,  ex- 
r.'.pt  on  o».!^rivfs.  ProsjK-nty,  se- 
CiJrity  in  the  ir.uvior,  inde.[^ndenee, 
.'.r:d  f 'iT.»se(j«:^nce  abroad  5  all  is  in 
our  power,  if  we  will  it.  I>et  us 
t!j(r-c  tcre  will  it  lx)ldly,  and  I  swear 
lo  you  tliat  c>ur  country  shall  be 
lij ppy  ur.d  poweiiul.  But  to  con- 
?»olidjit.'  i!ie  luiitv  and  the  force  of  a 
s'.;«te  e(>nipo-ed  of  discordant  and 
divid:  d  -Kirts ;  to  create  a  strict 
and  pnre  udmini.-^tration  amidst  the 
<  nornif )us  corruption  which  wei'^hs 
dr.wn  this  country:  to  coniirm 
tlie  grandeur  and  prosperity  of  a 


p^op*-  y.vt  'm^5iDg  from  the  dis<* 
cT^^rs  cf  r-rvcl-tion,  of  conqnesl, 
«l.-^d  cf  w2r;  thii  is  not  the  wc»:k  of 
o::*:  n2r.  or  rf  or.^  dr.v. 

Thzt  ^rt^r  v^rk  i  an  not  beac- 
cv.yc::i!:^d  Mi:hcut  tJic  union  of 
w:I:^,  nrm,  cci:>L=iit,  and  directed 
ti  g-3od:  M-:d*.cut  the  concnrrence 
ff  ri.?  tDToris  of  all  th?  pood  and 
^:^:u.u^.  Ti::-  p-f text^  of  malice, 
iL-  cxc^Lses  of  timiditv,  shall  no 
1  .nztr  be  adn::Ued :  to  hesitate,  to 
prefer  one's  o»\  n  pergonal  advantage 
t-.»  the  senice  cf  tlje  public,  is  a 
crime,  when  the  country'  calls  the 
g.>:.2  to  Libour  in  repairing  past  dis- 
asters, and  securing  future  faappi- 
liess. 

I'o  how  many  misfortunes  shaU 
he  be  exjy^^fd,  to  how  much  re- 
nor^c  -iuili  be  C'lndemned  sudi  of 
h.is  ciiildren  as  sh.iU  not  hearken  to 
her  voice.  F^r  be  from  us  the 
thou^Iit,  that  the  italians  can  cover 
tin^m^t  Ives  with  such  disgrace.  No- 
thing, in  spite  of  tlie  greatest  ditfiul- 
t'cs  was  ever  impossible  to  them. 
I'hey  were  seen  trying  every  expe- 
dient, when  any  tiling  r^rded  the 
interests  of  thtir  children,  tlieir£i- 
niilies,  or  th«  ir  countr}'. 

\i  the  love  of  ones  conn  try  wan 
always  a  fruitful  source  of  magiA« 
ninious  enterprises,  what  ought  Wc 
to  hope,  we  who  are  to  receive,  as 
tlie  reward  of  our  services,  not  only 
to  seiTe,  but  to  create  a  country  ? 

Let  us,  therefore,  fellow-citizens, 
be  impressed  with  our  high  destiny; 
and  while  we  prepare  ourselves  to 
fultil  its  difficult  obligations,  let  us 
not  cease  to  repeat,  with  a  senti- 
ment of  the  most  profound  gratitude, 
glor}'  and  honour  to  those  immortal 
phalanxes  who  have  procured  peace 
to  the  world. 

Melzi. 
Guiccardi, 
CounselloT  of  state. 

The 


* 

\ 

1 


■V 


•d 

1 


STATE      PAPERS. 


651 


Council  of  State  of  the  Italian 
ipuhHc   to  t/ie   First  Consul  of 
e^  French   Republic,    Pfeddeht 
the  Italian  Republic. 

Milan,  Jpril  5,  IS02, 
HE  peace  wJiich  you  have  con- 
cluded with  England^  crowns 

-warlike  and    political  opera- 
• 

six  years  you  have  traversed 
pence  of  many  years  of  glory. 
ae  astonished  universe  looks 
L  you  as  a  man  unparalleled 
fuej .  Europe  groaned  under  the 
;bt  of  a  disaiitrous  war,  of  which 
fly  offers  no  example.  . 
ou  said,  let  these  evils  cease, 
the  evils  ceased.  You  have 
,   the  gates    of   the  temple  of 

IS. 

iiblime  benefactor  of  humanity, 
5  the  noble  satisfaction  of  having 
blished  the  greatness  of  our  na- 
j  and  of  having  secured  the  hap- 
»s  of  Europe. 

lie  general  council  of  the  Italian 
iblic  becomes  the  interpreter  of 
national  gratitude,  and  entreats 
.  to  accept  of  its  homage.  The 
aage  of  childi-en  is  sweet  to  the 
ft  of  a  parent;  yes,  we  are  youi* 
Jdren,  and  tliat  precious  title  is 
r  greatest  glory.    ' 

Melzi,  vice-president. 


sequence  of  the  French  revolution. 
In  order,  tlierefore,  that  no  doubt 
may  remain  in  tlie  mind  of  your  ho- 
liness, as.  to  my  intentions,  I  since- 
rely declare  tliat  I  freely  abandon 
what  is  called  the  civil  constitution 
of  the  clergy;  that  I  admit,  and 
will  admit,  that  I  profess,  and  will 
profess,  the  dispositions  and  articles 
of  the  new  convention  made  be- 
tween your  holiness  and  the  French 
government,  and  thai.  I  will  render 
true  obedience  to  yoiu*  holiness  and 
your  successors.  I  pray  that  your 
hohnej^s  will  consider  tliis  as  my  in- 
variable resolution,  tliat  younvIU  re- 
gard me  as  one  of  the  most  obedi- 
ent sons  of  the  church,  and  diat  you 
will  deign  to  grant  me  that  canoni- 
cal institution'  which  I  humbly  re- 
(lucst.  I  also  hmnbly  request  ydur 
holiness's  apostolic  benediction,  as  a 
precious  pledge  of  christian  charit/ 
towards  me. 


terto  the  Holy  FatJier,  from  those 
ew  French  Bishops  who  havf  oc- 
upied  Episcopal  Sees  without  be- 
^  iTistitutcd  by  the  Holy  See, 

I^OST  holy  fithrr,  hnving  been 
.  appointed  by  the  lirst  consul 
top  of —  ,1  have  nothing  more  at 
rt  than  to  be  able  entirely  to  ex- 
rte  every -remnant  of  that  dis- 
I  which  was  the  inevitable  con- 


Decree  of  Absolution  and  Dispensa- 
tion  granted  by  the  Cardinal!^  Le- 
gate to  those  oj  the  neiv  French 
Bishops  who,  without  the  Aposto^ 
lie  Listitution  of  the  Holy  See, 
have  occupied  Episcopal  Sees. 

To  Claude  Fran^ois-AIarie  Pri- 
ma t,  formerly  occupying  die  see  of 
Cambray,  now  that  of  Lyons  j  to 
Jean-Claude  le  Blanc  De  Beaulieu, 
occupying  die  see  of  Ror.en ;  to 
Jean  Fraiigois  Perrier,  commonly 
called  bishop  of  Puy-de-D6rae ;  to 
Claude  Lecoz,  occupying  the  see  of 
Rennes ;  and  to  Jean  Baptiste  Sau- 
rin,  commonly  called  bishop  of 
Landes ;  is  expedited  a  form  of 
grace  subscribed  by  his  eminence 
the  carduial  legate,  and  sealed  with 
his  seal,  which  decree  will  be  sent 
to  each  of  them,  by  the  most  re- 
verend die  bishop  of  Orleans,  and 
of  which  they  will  signify  their  re- 
ception/ 


6.:2        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1S02. 


€*fpri'  rv.y  rrcl  iiir.t  tl:cy  ^vill  confurm 
to  ii. 

C'v.'A  [-'.iv-r  «»t'  the  hi]y  Homnn 
« }>nivh.  (»f  tlur  titlr  of  >a;m  Oiiu- 
pin\',  )f*iraie  a  Latere  iVoiu  r»ur 
iKily  father  p(>[K-  T.iis  VJI.  and  the 
iK-'iV  s-r.  to  the  rtist  r(.n«^ul  of  the 
iVciuli  republic;  soeui::  \h\{  the  re- 
\v^nr.vl  \.  N.  [h«Mr  iiiscrt  th^Miamr, 
M^n\-.i,i.-.  p.iul  a'.ci'i  *pis;npal  orcpis- 
<('pal  ><^']  hj.-j  al»aiHlo!Hd  thc'tpis- 
c  (  p:;l  sec  V.  hi'ii  ho  !ia«l  <xdij)io<l 
V,  liii'.'ij'^  t'>o  i]i*tituti«)n  of  thr  holy 
ST.  r.'Ui  tliat  Ik-  has  entirely  re- 
i;.<i'.need  the  jroveinnient  <;f  that 
vlmn.h,  raid  that  n-uniner  ho  has 
]?r(Mnis;d  (^lx'die?»ee  and  due  fuhniis- 
^"l.>^  i  '  the  s«neni;;n  jiontill',  and 
v!\;t  lie  l\is  dt  elared  that  he  will 
;:ili'fcr<"  a:i<l  >«\.'.'niit  i«»  tiie  jndi;nients 
v.iiicli  ihv^  h«ily  sei-  >h.all  pronounce 
re-pctning  the  e«;clcsla>iical  allair.s  of 
Fiance,  ^ve,  in  quality  of  Icoate 
II  Latwe  ci  his  holiness  and  the  holy 
see^  Ky  virtue  of  tlie  apostolic  au- 
thi-riry  \\,!iicli  has  beiii  sj>ccially 
:ind  exprc->ly  ecnfen-ed  upon  us,  do 
rrb.-o!ve  tl\e  said  N.  X.  who  adheres 
to  the  unity  x)f  the  catholic  eliurch, 
^iid  (\o  declare  him  ab^olved  in  utro- 
qucji  rn  from  all  sentence,  cen:>urc, 
.'.r.l  ev cltsia»tieal  penalty  ^vhatso- 
e\er,  so  far  as  the  same  can  be 
proix'urxed  by  men,  -which  he  may 
ha\e  incurred,  imposing  upon  him 
:is  a  pi  :;rjK"j  ihr.t  he  recite  oncTthe 
seven  y.t  nlLeiiiiil  p-alms,  jind  consi- 
d(  "in-j;  him  as  obiir;ed  to  presene 
wiili  .-Cvliilous  care  imily  and  peace. 
Lli\cn  al  Tari^,  April  4,  1SU2. 

{Sic:nod) 
(L.  S.)  I.  B.  cardinal  legate. 

Gratis. 
\,  Dixci,  ecclesiastical  sec. 


'} 


Prihlamntimi  nf  fJie  Guvernment  of 
tnc  Jjlshn/irir  of  Miirister  on    tlie    ] 
Entratfic  of  the  Prussian  TioBps    ' 
into  that  Country,  July  2? ,  1S02. 


"1X71^,  grand  deniT  and  canon  of  tbe 
VV    cathedral  of  Munstfr,  vested 
with  the  sovereign   authority,   &e. 
1*he   hovereign  chapter,    in   taking 
the  nins  oi'  government,   has  had 
no  other  objeet  hi  xie\v  but  the  hap- 
piness of  the  iahabiiants}  andJtpre^ 
ftumes  to  flatter  itself,   that  everr 
bofly  iu'inir  convinced  of  this  tnitn 
will  repose  unlimited  conhdence  in 
tJie  sdvifx  and  orders  of  tlie  sove-' 
reign  chapter.     Strong  in  this  cou-^' 
vietion,  it  orders  tiie  inhabitants  of 
whatever   rank  soever  to  compoit' 
tlicm selves  iramjuilly  ujwn  the  ett^l 
trar.ee  of  the   Pru.'^.iian   troops,    to 
give  a  gf.'Kl  reec  pti(.n  to  the  soldiers; 
who  siiail  l>e  billetted  u\Xin  thenti, 
prevent  their  wants,  to  abstain  fr 
all  i)olitical  leflections,  and  not 
take  the  law  into  their  own  hands^ 
in  cases  where  any  difficulties  ma/; 
aribe  bciweeii  the   inhabitants 
tlic  soldiers ;  but  to  cany  their  coj 
plaints,    witliout  delay,   either 
fore  the  civil  officers,  or  the  mill 
officers,  and  to  rd'cr  lliem  to  their 
judgment;    and  in  case ' they  shall; 
not   think  justice    done    them 
such  judgment,  to  prefer  new  com- 
plaints to  a  superior  officer,  and  i 
n(^  case  to  take  tlie  proceedioffs  lA-] 
tlicir  own  hands.     Upon  contorxQ- 
ing  himself  strictly  to  this  pitidan 
niation,  every  inhal>itant  shall  enjo/ 
j)ta.ce  and  tranquillity;   but  on  de- 
parting from  it  he  may  expect  to  be 
punished  by  his  superiors.     The  ao- 
^  ereign  chaptrr,  bound  by  its  duty, 
nntl  the  love  it  bears  tl^e  iiiliabitants,.- 
to  make  tiiis  proclainaiioii  public^  3 
will  not  neglect  to  use  extreme  vigi- 
Li::ce,  to  piocurf*  for  them  solid  and 

durable 


STATE      PAPERS. 


653 


lurat>le  happiness.  In  order  that 
rtie  -present  proclamation  may  be 
tnade^  known,  to  all  the  inhabitants, 
it  shall  be  printed  and  re^.d  from  tlie 
pulpit,  posted  up  in  every  conve- 
Dieiit'  pJace,  and  a  copy  sfent  to  all 
the'  autliorities. 

r.    Oh-on  at  Munster,  July  14,  1902. 
(Signo^l) 

.     .  .£j;clbert  De  Weelde^  and 
De  Melohede. 


*fuU  Powers  of  the  Empire  for  the 

' '  Deputation^  charged  with  the  Dis- 

cusslo?i  of  the  Points  which  remain 

yet  to  he  regulated  for  the  fulfil- 

*■   ^nent  of  the  Peace. 

•  ■     *  '  ■ 

TpHE  electors,  princeSj  and  states 
t"^  of  the  holy  Roman  empire  ha^  ing 

■  «jBdged'it  suitable  to  exercise,  by  an 
•  -extraordinary  deputation,  the  ris:^it 

•"Which  belongs  to  tliem,  of  cUscnss- 

ing  those  objects  which  yet  remain 

"to  be  regulated  for  the  fulfilment 

,   of  the   peace,  and  having  for  tliis 

;  '^purpose  chosen  and  appointed  in  the 

■  icollege  of  electors,  Mayence,  Bo-' 
;  fbemia.  Saxony,  and  Brandenburgh, 

.  'and-  in  that  of  princes,  Bavaria,  the 
•grand  master  of  tlie  teutonic  order, 
■  * Wurtemburg,  and  Hesse  Cassel  ; 
•  the  said  states  deputed  arc  fully  au- 
.thorized  by  these  presents,  in  the 
-name  of  the  Germanic  body,  and 
•,with  the  consent  of  his  imperial  ma- 
'.jesty/  in  his  quality  of  supreme 
,  chief  of  the  empire,  to  send  forth- 
'Vn\h  tlicir  sub-delegates  to  the  im- 
•perial  city  of  Ratisbon,  wliich  has 

been  reo^arded  as  the  most  suitable 
'-  place,    there   to  examine,    diseuss, 

and    regulate    v/ith    the    imperial 

.  minister  plenipc;tentiary,  in  concert 

'•  yf\dx  the  French  government  .(hav- 

:   l  ing  regard  to  the  couckisum  of  the 

-;hl'Of  Odtoher  lasty  ratified. by.  his 


imperial  majesty),  the  points  re- 
served by  the  5th  and  7t\\  aiticlcs 
of  the  treaty  of  Luneville,  for  a 
particular  convention.    ■ 

In  consequence,  whatever  shall 
be  deliberated  upon,  conciudcd  and 
signed  by  the  said  deputies,  either 
by  all  of  them,  or  in  case  of, the 
absence,  sickness;  or  non-ap^x*.ar- 
ance  of  some  of  thcnu  by  those 
tliat  remain  witli  tlie  said  imj^erial 
minister,  sliall  be,  \^'idiin  a  deter- 
mined period,  ratified  and  agreed 
to, -and  shall  be' inviolably  kept  by 
the  whole  empire. 
•    Piutisbon,  August  Z,  1802. 


Report  made  to  the  First  Consul  of 
France,  in  the  Senate,  Vy^  the 
Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs,  Sit- 
ting  of  Saturday  the  21st  of  jln- 
gust  ISO'l,  stating  the  Conclu- 
sum  on  the  German  Ltdernnities: 

nPHR  treaty  of  lAineville  had  pro- 
-        duced  the  complete  recstablislr- 
nient  of  peaa^  between  France  and 
Germany.     It  had,    in   an  express 
^nd    definitive    maimer,-  regulated 
•the   gcnc^ral   relations  between  the 
two  countries  ;    and  France  being 
satisfied  in  every  point,  the  entire 
•execution  of  die  treaty. would  not 
•have  required  any  ulterior  regula- 
tion,   had   it   not    been    acknow- 
ledged as  just,  and  stipulated  in  due 
form,  that  the  cession  consented  ti> 
by  the  empire,  foi*  the  advantages 
of  the  republic,   should  be   bonie 
collectively  by  the  Germanic  Irague ; 
admitting,  nevertheless,  the  distinc- 
tion between  heredit.iry  laic  princes 
and  ecclesiastical  princes  possessing 
only  a  life-rent  interest. 

.This  principle   being  once  esta- 
blished, it  appeared  tliat  it  belonged 
.  to  tJieJQermaniebody  toroccnpy  Hsd|f 

spon- 


6.54        ANNUAL   .REGISTER,  1802. 


spontaneously,  and  without  delay, 
with  the  mode  of  its  application. 

The  sincere  desire  of  the  French 
government,  solely  intent  upon  its 
internal  atfoirs,  was  to  take  no  con- 
cern in  the  adjustment  of  the  pro- 
mised indemnifications  j  and  it  con- 
fined its  influence  merely  to  re- 
peated declarations  that  it  was 
anxious  to  see  the  treaty  of  Lune- 
\ille  carried  into  complete  execution 
by  that  of  the  7th  article.  But  its 
exhortations  remain  witliout  etfect, 
and  more  than  a  year  elapsed  with- 
out the  least  appearance  of  any  plan 
be in^jj  even  commenced  for  the  re- 
partition  of  tlie  compensations. 

The  non-execution  of  one  of  the 
principal  stipulations  of  the  treaty 
of  Luneville  left  all  Germany  in  a 
btate  of  uncertainty,  which  became 
daily  more  embarrassing,  inasmuch 
as  pretensions  and  intiigues  were 
forming  and  acquiring  strength  in 
proportion  as  tlic  state  of  the  public 
mind  and  public  affairs  exhibited 
more  indecision.  The  kind  of  dis- 
solution which  aflected  tiie  Ger- 
manic bodv,  retarded  the  advan- 
tages  of  tlie  peace  to  all  Europe, 
and  might  in  some  respects  en- 
danger the  general  tranquillity.  The 
government  of  the  repubjic  was  not 
Sic  only  one  impressed  with  tliis 
danger  5  and  whilst  it  received  from 
all  quarters  the  applications  of  the 
parties  interested  in  the  repartition 
of  tlie  compensations,  the  court  of 
Russia  testihed  how  urgent  it  was 
in  its  estimation,  tliat  the  affairs  of 
Gt.rmany  should  be  brought  to  an 
adjustment.  The  emperor  Alex- 
ander, on  his  accession  to  tlie 
llirone,  ft;lt  the  noble  desire  of 
contributing  to  maintain  the  peace 
which  liad  been  reestablished ;  and 
an  intimate  concert,  a  frank  and 
complete  association  of  the    most 


generous  views,  having  prc3imptl)? 
taken  place  between  the  first  con? 
sul  and  the  emperor,  it  was  felt  by 
them  tliat  the  pacification  of  the 
continent  could  not  be  solidly  gua- 
rantied, but  by  carrying  the  treaty 
of  Luneville  mto  execution,;  and 
that  this  execution  could  not  be  ac- 
complished but  by  tlie  itiitiative  and 
influence  of  the  two  powers  per- 
fectly disinterested,  whose  prepon- 
derate mediation  might  remove  all 
tlie  obstacles  which  had  ^isen  lu 
the  course  of  eighteen  months 
against  the  definitive  repartition  of 
the  indemnities. 

It  was,  therefore,  solely  for  the 
purpose  of  sealing  the  pacification . 
of  Europe,  and  guarantying  its 
stability,  that  the  first  consul,  ziA 
his  majesty  tlie  emperor  of  Russia, 
determined,  by  common  consez^,. 
to  interfere  in  the  affairs  of  Gter^ 
many,  to  effect  by  their  mediation, 
what  would  in  vain  have  been  ex- 
pected from  the  internal  delibera* 
tions  of  the  Germanic  body. 

This  first  point  being  agreed  up- 
on, a  discussion  was  opened,  aoci 
continued  between  the  two  cabineU* 
to  ascertain  the  ways  and  meana 
which  should  lead  to  the  desired  re- 
sult. It  was  resolved,  that  a  ge- 
neral plan  of  indemnification  ahouU. 
be  presented  to  the  diet  4  and  in 
digeiiting  this  plan  the  most  scru- 
pulous attention  was,  on  both  sidcSj, 
paid  to  the  means  of  compensatiqg. 
every  loss,  satisfying  e\'ery  interest, 
and  incessantly  conciliating  the  de- 
mands of  justice  with  political  e]|L- 
pediency. 

It  was  not,  in  fact,  sufficient  to 
ascertain  the  strict  value  of  the 
losses  sustained,  and  to  proportion 
the  compensations  accordingly :  the 
effects  of  the  war  having  changed 
the    eternal    equilibrium    of  &x- 

nanjc 


'4 


STATE     PAPERS. 


655 


many,  it  was  necessary  to  think  of  by  ministers  appointed  for  th^t  pur- 
the  means  of  reestablishing  it.  The  pose.  On  the  part  of  the  first  con- 
introduction  of  new  princes  into  - .  sul, .  citizen  Laforest,  minister  of 
the  Gennanic  system  required  new  the  republic  to  the  elector  palatine 
combinations.  Nor  was  the  real  of  Bavaria,  had  received  orders  to 
value  of  the  compensations  to  arise    repair  to  Ratisbon  ;  and  on  the  part 


merely  from  the  extent,  but  in' 
many  cases  from  their  position  5 
and  the  advantages  desirable  to 
some  powers,  from  the  concentra- 
tion of  their  old  and  new  territo- 
ries, were  in  tliemselves  an  im- 
portant consideration,  and  which, 
therefore,  required  to  be  attended 
to. 

The  two  governments,  therefore, 
ap^ied  themselves  to  examine  with 
scrupcdous  attention  tlie  question  of 
the  indemnities  in  all  these  rela- 
tions.    They  felt  that,  if  policy  re- 


of  the  emperor  of  Russia,  tlie  baron 
de  Buhler,  likewise  his  minister  at 
Munich. 

This  declaration  was  to  have  becM 
presented  a  few  days  ago,  and  the 
first  consul  having  ordered  it  to  be 
read  to  him  in  the  senate,  it  will 
display  the  principles  which  have 
directed  tlie  two  governments,  and 
the  particular  care  whicli  tiiey  have 
taken  in  their  application. 

In  fact,  the  examination  of  tlie 
proposed  plan  will  show,  that  in  die 
execution  of  a  system  which  ha» 


quired  the  complete  satisfaction  of    for   its  object  the  consolidation  of 
the  principal  houses,    strict  justice    the    peace  of  Europe,    they  have^ 


equally  required  that  tlie  states  of 
•  the  second  and  third  rank  should 
obtain  a  comj^ensation  for  their 
losses,  and.  tlie  first  consul  made  it 
his  particular  business  to  maintain 
the  rights  of  those  who  might  have 
found  the  least  support  among  the 
parties  interested. 

The  perfect  concert  which  had 
been  formed  between  France  and 
Russia,  the  happy  result  of  the  di- 


above  all,  applied  themselves  to  di- 
ininisli  tiie  chances  of  war.  On 
this  account,  cai^e  has  been  taken 
to  avoid  all  contiguity  of  territory 
between  the  two  powers  who  ha%'e 
most  frequently  involved  Etirope  in 
bloo»lshed  by  their  quarrels,  and 
-who,  being  seriously  reconcDed, 
caiuiot  now  have  a  more  ardent 
desire  than  that  of  removing  ail 
tliose  grounds  of  misitnderstandin^- 


Tect    intercour.^e    which    tlie    first  which  arise  from  neighbouring  tei- 

consul   took  pleasure  in  maintain-  ritories,  and  which,  between   rival 

ing  with  his  majesty  the  emperor  of  states,    are    neV«a:   unaccompanied 

Russia,  having  presided  in  all  the:ie  with  dansrer. 


discussions,  all  points  were  speedily 
setded,  and  a  general  plan  of  in- 
demiiification  agreed  u^wn  at  Paris 
by  the  respective  plenipotentiaries, 
it  received  tlie  approbation  of  the 
first  consul,  and  that  of  the  em- 
peror. 

It  was  determined  that  this  plan 


The  same  principle  adopted,  not 
in  all  its  rigoiu",  but  as  for  as  cir- 
cumstances could  admit,  has  also 
led  to  place  the  indemnities  of 
Prussia  beyond  the  reach  of  contact 
with  France  and  Batavia. 

From  this  arrangement  Austria 
will  hr.ve  derived  the  immense  ad- 


fihoidd  be  presented  to  the  diet  of    vantage  of  seeing  all  her  posses- 
the  crtipire,  in  the  tbrm  of  a  decla-     s'kons  concentrated : 
tatiou  10  bg  made  at  the  same  time        The  palatine  house  will  also  haTc 

received 


656        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


received  an  organization  sUojiarer 
and  more  advantageous  for  iliv  pur-* 
poses  of  defence  : 

And  Pnissia  will  continue  to 
form,  in  the  Germanic  system,  the 
e.>sential  basis  of  a  necessary  coun- 
terpoise. 

The  regulation  of  the  secondary 
indemnities  also  proceed  upon  prin- 
ciples of  general  and  individual  ac- 
comm^Klalion,  and  nothing  has  been 
omitted  with  respect  to  the  consi- 
deration of  ascertained  losses.  It 
ivill  nevertheless  appear,  that  the 
house  of  Baden  has  l>een  more 
advantageously  circumstanced  than 
many  others,  but  it  was  judged 
necessary  to  fortify  the  circle  of 
J>uabia,  wliich  lies  directly  between 
I'rance  and  the  great  German  pow- 
ers. In  this  instance  the  lirst  con- 
sul merits  ajiplause,  as  such  a  line 
of  policy  perfectly  accords  witii  tlie 
tiisposition  of  the  French  govern- 
iueut,  \\  hich  witli  pleasiure  sees  an 
aiigmcnuition  of  jx)wer  conferred 
©n  a  prince,  whose  virtues  have  long 
since  obtained  the  esteem  of  all 
Europe,  whose  alliances  so  honour- 
ably distinguished  his  family,  and 
whose  conduct  during  the  war  has 
particularly  merited  ilie  good- will 
of  the  republic. 

It  is  <dso  with  real  satisfaction 
tliat  France  and  llus.sia,  obliged  to 
take  the  system  of  secularization  as 
the  basis  of  indenuiitics,  perceive 
the  possibility  of  preserv  ing  to  tlie 
.empire  one  ecclesiastical  elector, 
and  that  they  have  proposed  to 
assign  him  a  suitaL^le  cstablishm.ent, 
in  conferring  on  him  the  title  and 
functions  of  arch-chancellor. 

It  will    be   necessary  further  to 

present  to  tlie  diet  of  tlie  empire 

.  some    general  considerations,   as  a 

proper  basis  for  tlie  internal  regula- 

Uous  wliich  tlic    new  organization 


of  the  Germanic  body  will  require. 
In  this  view,  the  first  consul  and 
his  imperial  majesty  of  Russia,  im- 
pressed with  a  desire  to  show  their 
sincere  wishes  for  tJie  consolidation 
of  the  peace  of  Europe,  ba:\'c  not 
delayed  to  conceit  such  a  plan  for 
the  fturtiicr  indemnities  alluded  to, 
as  appears  to  tliem  to  incUide  a  basis 
and  details  as  strictly  conformable 
to  the  spirit,  as  well  as  to  tlie  te;ct^ 
of  the  treaty  of  Luncville,  as  can 
possibly  be  framed,  as  well  as  ana- 
logous to  the  political  interests  of 
Europe,  and  favourable  to  the  pre-- 
servation  of  peace. 

The  two  governments,  France 
and  Russia,  arc  tirnily  persuaded 
that  the  time  which  they  have  al- 
l(jtted  will  amply  suffice  for  the 
discussion  of  the  interests  of  Ger- 
many, and  they  will  reap,  in  a  long 
duration  of  {xrace  to  that  empire, 
die  most  at;reeable  as  well  as  ho- 
nourable  reward  for  the  exertions 
which  they  have  respectively  made 
to  procure  it. 

(Signed)         C.  M.  Talley-rand. 


DECLARATION, 

Tlie  first  consul  of  the  French 
republic,  animated  with  tlie  desire 
of  contributing  to  the  consolidation 
•of  the  repose  and  tranqitillity  of  the 
German  empire,  has  tliought  that 
no  means  \\ere  more  calculated  to 
obtain  that  eifect  of  his  solicitude^ 
than  those  of  tixing,  by  a  plan  of 
indemnity,  adapted,  as  far  as  cir- 
cumstances would  permit,  to  tlie  re- 
spective interests,  an  arrangement 
proper  to  produce  this  salutary 
effect ;  and  a  concunence  of  views 
iiaving  been  established  upon  tliis 
subje«:t  between  the  iirst  consul  of 
.  the  republic  and  his  imperial  nia-  ■ 
jesty  of  all  tlie  Russias^  ne  lias  mi- 

thoiized 


STATE  PAPERS.                657 

thorized  the  minister    for  foreign  It  is  this  tliat  has  induced  the 

afiairs,  to  concert  with  the  minister  first  consul    and    the    emperor  pf 

plenipotentiary  of  his  imperial  ma-  Russia  to  think  that  it  became  two 

jcsty  of  Russia,  the  means  best  cal-  powers    perfectly    disinterested    to 

colated  to  apply  the  principles  adopt-  afford  their  mediation,  and  t6  orFer 

cd  for  these  indemnities  to  the  dif-  to  the  deliberations  of  the  imperial 

ferent  demands  of  the  parties   in-  diet  a  general  plan  of  indemnity, 

terested.     The  result  of  this  work  drawn  up  from  tlie  cal/:ulations  of 

having  obtained  his  approbation,  he  the    greatest    impartiality,    anc  in 

has    ordered    the    undersigned    to  which  the   attention   has  been  di* 

make  it  known  to  the  diet  of  the  rected    both    to    compensate    the 

empire  by  the  present  declaration  j  losses  recognized,  and  to  preserve 

a  measure  to  which  the  first  consul  of  between    die    principal    houses    in 

the  Republic,  as  well  as  his  imperial  Germany  the  balance  that  subsisted 

majesty,  have  been  impelled  by  the  before  the  war. 

follbwihg  considerations  :  In  consequence,  after  having  ex- 

The  7\h  article  of  the  treaty  of  amined  with  tlie  most   scrupulous 

Luneville,  having  stipulated  that  the  care  all  the  memorials,  both  upon 

hereditary  princes,   whose    posses-  the  value  of  the  losses,  and  upon 

'  sbns  are  comprised  in  the  cession  the    demand    of   indemnities    pre* 

made  to  the  French  republic  of  the  sen  ted  by  ^he  parties  interested,  it 

countries  situated  on  the  left  bank  has  been  agreed  to  propose,  diat  the 

of  the  Rhine,  should  be  indemni£ie4,  indemnities  shall  be  distributed  in 

it  has  been  agreed  tliat,  conform-  the  following  manner : 

ably  to  what  had  been  decided  upon  To  the  archduke,  grand  duke— • 

at.  the    congress    of  Rastadt,    this  For  Tuscany  and  its  dependencies, 

indemnity    should    be    effected   by-  tlie  archbishopric  of  Sajtzburgh;  the 

.means  of  secularization;  but  though  provostship  of  Bertolsgadcn,  tlie  bi- 

perfectly  agreed  upon  the  basis  of  shopric  of  Trent,  the  bi?ihopric  of 

the.  indemnity,  the  states  interested  Brixen,  the  part  of  the  bishopric  of 

have  remained  so  opposite  in  Wews  Passau    situated  beyond    the    lltz, 

widi  respect  to  tlie  distribution,  diat  and  the  Inn  on  the  side  of  Austria, 

it  has  hitherto  appeared  to  be  im-  except  the  suburbs  of  Passau,  with 

possible  to  proceed  to  the  execution  a  radius  of  500  toises;  the  abbeys, 

of  the  before- mentioned  article  of  chapters,  and  convents  situated  in 

die  treaty  of  Luneville.  die  above-mentioned  dioceses. 

And  tliough  the  diet  of  the  em-  The  above  principalities  shall  be 

pire  has  named  a  special  commis-  possessed  by  the  aichduke  upon  the 

sion  to  direct  its  attention  to  this  conditions,  engagements,  and  rela-» 

important  buhiness,  we  see,  by  the  tions   founded  upon  existing  trca- 

delays  which   its  assembling  meets  ties  3  the  said  principalities  shall  be 

with,  what  obstacles  die  opposition  taken  out  of  the  circle  of  Bavaria, 

of  interest,  and  the  jealousy  of  pre-  and  incorporated  in   the  cirde   of 

tensions,   place    to  the   making  the  Austria,  and  their  ecclesiastical  ju- 

regulation    of  the   indemnities    the  risdictions,  both    metropolitan   and 

spontaneous  act  of   die  Gtrmanic.  diocesan,  shall  be  also  separated  by 

body.  the  li  mits  of  tha  two  circles  5  Muhl- 

VoL.  XLIV.  Uu                                    dort 


6,i8        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


<iort  shall  bft  iir.itt^a  to  Tjiivaria,  and 
its  equivalent  in  revenue  shall  be 
taken  from  tlw^se  of  Freisingen. 

To  the  d'dcvnni  duke  of^Io-.lena 
—For  the  ^lodoncse  and  dependen- 
cies?, the  Krisgaw  and  the  Ortenau. 

1  o  tlie  elector  palatine  of  I>avaria 
— For  the  duehv  of  Deux-P(>nts :  the 
duchy  of  Juliers,  the  palatinate  of 
tlio  Rhine,  the  marquisate  of  Bcr- 
jnjenopzoom,  the  seignory  of  Raven- 
.stein,  antfolhers  situate  in  Belgium 
and  Alsace;  the  bishoprics  of  Pas- 
sau,  with  the  reservation  of  the 
part  of  the  archduke;  of  Wurz- 
bourg,  with  the  reservations  herein- 
titter  mentioned;  of  IJamlxTg,  of 
Augsted,  of  Freisingen,  and  of  Augs- 
bourg ;  the  provostship  of  Kemp- 
ten  ;  the  imperial  cities  of  Rothen- 
bourg,  Weissenbourg,  Windsheim, 
Sell wein fort,  Gochsheim,  Sennc- 
felt,  AUthousen,  Kempten,  Kauf- 
beureoj  Mcmmingen,  Dinkelsbiilil, 
Nordlingen,  Ulm,  Bossfingen,  Buc- 
horn,  Waugen,  Leutklrch,  Ravens- 
bourg,  and  Alschausen  ;  the  abbeys 
of  St.  Ulric,  Irsen,  Weugen,  Soof- 
liiigen>  Elchingen,  Ursberg,  Ro- 
chenboUrg,  Weltenliausen,  Otto- 
beuren,  and  Kaisersheim. 

To  the  king  of  Prussia  — For  the 
duchj'  of  Cleves,  upon  the  left  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  and  of  Gueldres  ;  tlie 
princi'pality  of  Msers,  the  territories 
surrounded  by  Sevenacr,  Huissen, 
and  Mahlbourg,  and  tlie  tolls  of  the 
Rhine  and  of  the  Meuse  ;  the  bi- 
shopric of  Hildesheim  and  that  of 
Paderborh ;  the  territory  of  Ert'urt 
and  [Jntergleichen,  Kichtfeld,  and 
the  Mentz  part  of  Trefort,  the  pait 
of  the  bishopric  of  Munster,  situ- 
ate on  the  right  of  the  line  drawn 
from  Olphen,  by  Munst(^r  tw  Teck- 
Icnb^nrg,  comprising  within  it  the 
two  cities  of  Olpheu  and  JVImister  3 


as  also  the  right  bank  of  tlie  Ems  as 
far  as  liingen ;  the  imperial  cities 
of  Mulhausen,  Northausen,  and 
Goslar ;  the  abbeys  of  Herforden, 
Quedlinbourg,  Etlen^  Esseiij  and 
Werden. 

To  the  prince  of  Nassau ;  that  Is 
to  say,  Nassau  Usingen— For  the 
principality  of  Saarbruck  ;  the  two 
thirds  of  the  county  of  Saaru'crden, 
the  seignory  of  Oetweiler  and  that 
of  Lahr  in  the  Ortenau  \  the  re- 
mainder of  the  electorate  of  Mentz 
on  the  right  of  the  Mein^  with  the 
resen'ati(jn  of  tlie  grand  bailiwick 
of  Aschatlenbourg,  and  that  between 
tlie  Mcin,  tlie  county  of  Darmstadt^ 
and  the  countr}-  of  Erbach ;  Caul^ 
and  the  remainder  of  the  electorate 
of  Cologne,  properly  so  called,  with 
tlie  resen-ation  of  the  county  of  Alt- 
weid,  the  convents  of  Seligenstadt 
and  Bleidenstadt,  the  county  of 
Sa}Ti  Alten-Kirchen,  after  the  death 
of  the  margrave  of  Anspach^  the 
villages  of  Soden  and  Soultzbach. 

Nassau  Welbourg— For  the  thud 
of  Saarwarden  and  the  seignoiy  of 
Kircheim-Polauden ;  the  remainder 
of  the  electorate  of  Trei-es,  with 
the  abbey  of  Amstein  and  that  of 
IVIaricnstadt. 

Nassau- Dillcnbourg — For  indem- 
nity for  the  stadtholderate  and  terri- 
tories in  Holland  and  Belgium  3  tlie 
bishoprics  of  Fulda  and  Corvcyi 
tlic  city  of  Dortmund,  the  abbeys 
and  chapters  situate  in  these  ter- 
ritories, with  a  charge  upon  him  to 
satisfy  claims  subsisting  and  prc\'i-  ^ 
ously  acknowledged  by  France  upon 
certain  successions  connected  with 
the  majority  of  Nassau- Dillenbourg, 
during  the  course  of  the  last  cen- 
tury }  tlic  abbi!y  of  Woingarten  and 
those  of  Kap;K*l  to  the  country 
of  LippJ,    of  Kii[^penbourg  to  the 

countries 


STATE      PAPER  S* 


GSd 


Countries  of  Munster  and  Delker- 
chen. 

-  To  the  margrave  of  Baden  — For 
his  part  of  the  county  of  Sponheim, 
and  the  territories  and  seignories  in 
the  Luxembourg,  Alsace,  &c.  the 
bishopric    of  Constance ',    the    re- 

•  mainder  of  the  bishopric  of  Spires, 

-  ^asle,  and  Strasburg  3  the  bailiwicks 
palatine  of  Ladenbourg,  Bretten, 
and  Heidelberg,  witli  the  cities  of 

-  Heidelberg,  and  Manheim^  tlie  seig- 

•  nory  of  Lahr,  when  the  prince  of 
Nassau  shall  be  pat  into  possession 
of  the  county  of  Alten-Kirchen; 
the  remainder    of    the  county  of 

'Lichenburg,  upon  the  right  of  the 
Rhine  5  the  imperial  cities  of  d'Qften- 
bourg,  Zell,  Hamersbach,  Gengen- 
bach,  Uberlingen,  Biberach,  Pful- 
endorf,  and  Wimpfen ;  the  abbeys 
d'Schwarzach,  pVauenalb, ,  Aller- 
Heiligen,  Lichtentlial,  Gengenbach> 
Fttenheim  -  Munster,  Peterhausen, 
and  Salmansweiller. 

To  the  duke  of  Wirtemberg— For 
the  principality  of  Montbeliard, 
and  his  possessions  in  Alsace,  and 
Frahche-Comte  5  the  provostship  of 
EUwangen,  the  abbey  of  Zwiftblten, 
the  imperial  cities  of  Weil,  Reut- 
lingen,  Eslingen,  Rothweal,  Glen- 
gen,  Aulenhall,  Geminendt,  and 
Hailbronn. 

To  the  landgrave  of  Hesse  Cassel 
—For  St.  Goar  and  Rheinfels,  and 
as  provision  for  his  charge  of  the  in- 
demnity of  Hesse  Rothenbourg  -,  the 
'Mentz  territories  situate  within 
Amenebourg  and  Fritzlai*,  with 
tkeir  dependencies,  and  tlie  village 
'of  Holzhauzen. 

To  the  landgrave  of  Hesse  Darm- 
■  stadt— For  the  whole  of  tlie  county 
of  Lichtenberg,  and  its  dependen- 
cies ;  the  palatine  bailiwicks  of  Lin- 
dcnfeLs  and  Olzberg,  and  the  re- 
mainder of  the  bailiwick  of  Oppen- 


heim^  the  duchy  ofWestphaJia,  with 
the  reservation  of  the  indemnity  of 
the  prince  of  Witgensteinj  the 
Mentz  bailiwicks  of  Gernsheim, 
Bensheim,  Hoppenheim  j  the  re-^ 
mainder  of  the  bishopric  of  Worms> 
the  city  of  Friedberg. 

To  the  prince  of  Hohenloe-Bar- 
tcnstein  3  to  the  count  of  Lofewen- 
haupt  y  to  the  heirs  of  the  baron 
of  Dietrich— For  the  allodial  parts  of 
the  county  of  Lichtenberg  j  that  is 
to  say,  to  Hohenloe>  for  Oberbronn, 
the  bailiwick  of  Yaxtberg,  and  the 
portions  of  Mentz  and  Wurzbourg, 
to  the  bailiwick  of  Knufelshaw ;  U> 
the  others^  for  Rauschenbourg,  Ni- 
derbronn,  Reichsolen,  &c«  the  ab* 
bey  of  Rollen-Munster.  To  the 
same  count  of  Loewenhaupt,  and 
^o  the  count  of  Hillesheim,  for  Rei- 
polts-Kirchen,  th<  Heclig-Kruen- 
thal. 

To  the  princes  and  counts  of  Loe- 
wanstein— For  the  county  of  Wirm- 
bourg,  the  seignories  of  Scharte-^ 
nech,  and  other  territories  in  the 
counties  united  to  France  -,  the  part 
of  WurtzboUrgf  as  far  as  the  coun- 
ties of  Rhineck,  and  Werthejn,  on 
the  right  of  the  Mein }  the  abbey  of 
Bronnback. 

To  the  prmce  of  Lina^ge — ^The 
Mentz  bailiwicks  of  Mittenberg, 
Amorbach,  Bischofsheim,  Konigs- 
hofen^  Krautheim,  and  all  the  parts 
of  Mentz,  comprised  between  the 
Mayn,  the  Tauber,  tlie  Neckar, 
and  tlie  county  of  Erbach  j  the  par- 
cels of  Wurtzbui-g,  upon  the  left  of 
the  Tauber  J  im  palatine  bailiwicks 
of  Boxburg,  of  Mosbach  5  the  ab- 
bey of  Amorbach,  and  the  provost- 
ship of  Combourg,  with  territorial 
superiority. 

To  the  count  of  Linange  Gun- 
tersblum — The  Mentz  bailiwick,  or 
killery  of  Billighelm* 

Uu  2  Xo 


660 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


To  the  count  of  Llnange-Hildes- 
heim — The  Mentz  baUi^^ick,  or 
killery  of  Neydnan, 

To  the  count  of  Liniinge-Woster- 
bourg,  tlie  elJjr  branch — The  con- 
vent of  Scon  thai,  u[v.in  the  Yaxl, 
wltli  territorial  sujKniority ;  the 
yor.ngest  branch,  the  provostshrp 
of  Wimpfen. 

To  the  princes  of  Sahn-Sahn  and 
Salni- KylxAirg,  to  the  Rhinegraves, 
to  the  princes  and  counts  of  Sato- 
Reifershcid — ^The  remainder  of  the 
upper  bishopric  of  Munster. 

To  tlie  prince  of  Weid-Runkcl — 
For  the  county  of  Creange  j  the 
county  of  Altwied,  witli  the  reser- 
vation of  tlie  bailiwicks  of  Linz  and 
Unkel. 

To  the  duke  of  Aremberg,  to 
the  count  de  la  Marck,  to  the  prince 
de  Ligne — For  the  principality  of 
Aremberg  j  the  counties  of  Saften- 
berg,  Schleyden,  and  FagnoUesj 
the  county  of  Rucklingbausen,  with 
die  bailiwick  of  Dalmen,  as  far  as 
the  country  of  Munster. 

To  tlie  prince  and  counts  of 
Solras — For  Rohebach,  Hirchfeld  ; 
the  convents  of  Arnsbourg,  and  of 
Ibenstadt. 

To  the  prince  of  Wilgenstein^ 
For  Neuraayen,  &c.  the  abbey  of 
Graftschafft,  the  district  of  Zusche- 
nau,  and  the  forest  of  Hellenber- 
gerstreit,  as  far  as  the  duchy  of 
Westphalia. 

To  tlie  count  of  Wartcniberg— 
For  Wartemberg :  the  killery  of 
Necke-Aeraack,  th:it  of  Erenberg, 
and  tlie  farm  of  Wimpfen,  depend- 
ent upon  Worms  and  Spires. 

To  the  prince  of  Stolberg — For 
tlie  county  of  Rocheforte,  the  con- 
vents of  Engelthal  and  Rokenberg. 

To  the  prince  of  Isenberg — I'he 
part  of  the  chapter  of  Jacobsberg  as 
far  as  tlie  village  of  Gremsheim, 


To  the  prince  of  Tonr-Taxfs-* 
For  indemnity  of  revenue  of  impe- 
rial posts  in  the  ceded  province* 
and  domains  in  Belgium;  the  ab- 
bey of  Buchans,  with  the  city, 
those  of  March  thai  and  Nemheim,  • 
the  bailiwick  of  Osteacb,  dependant 
upon  Salman-sweiler. 

To  tlie  count  of  Seckingen — For 
the  county  of  Laudstably  &c.  the 
abbeys  of  Ochsenhausen  and  of 
Munch  roth. 

To  the  count  of  Leyen — For  Blies- 
castel,  &c.  the  abbeys  of  Schonssen- 
ried,  Gontenzell,  Heybach,  Bamdt, 
and  Bourclieim. 

To  tlie  prince  of  Breganheim  — 
The  abbey  <^  Lindau  with  the 
city. 

To  the  countess  of  CoUoredo— 
For  Dachshall,  tlie  abbe)'s  of  Saute* 
Croix  de  Donaweith.  » 

To  the  countess  of  Sternberg  — 
For  Manderslieid  -,  Blankenheim, 
tlie  abbeys  of  Weissenau  and  Isnj> 
with  the  city. 

To  the  prince  of  Dietrichstein— 
For  tlie  seiguory  of  de  Trasp,  whicb 
will  be  abiuidoned  to  the  Grisons^ 
the  seigniory  ©f  Neu-Ravensbourg. 

To  the  counts  of  Westphalia^  of 
Bassenheim — For  Ollbruck,  of  Smv 
zendorlfj  for  Rhineck,  of  Straes- 
berg  3  for  Kerpen,  of  Ostein  ;  for 
M  i  Uendouck,  of  Quadt  -,  for  Wiche- 
tade,  of  Plettenberg ;  for  Wittem^ 
of  Motternich  j  for  Wenneboivg^ 
&c.  of  Asprcniont  ^  for  Reekheinr^ 
of  Torring  j  tor  Gronsfeld,  of  Nes* 
salrade  3  for  Welri,  &:c.  — the  lower 
bishopric  of  Munster. 

To  the  grand  prior  of  Malta— 
For  tlie  commanderies  on  the  left  of 
the  Rhine;  the  abbeys  of  &int^ 
Blaise,  with  tlic  county  of  Bendorf 
and  dependencies  J  the  abbeys  of 
Saint  Turpert,  of  Schultem,  of  Sb 
Pierre,  and  of  Terrebach. 

Tfa0 


STATE  PAPERS.                 661 

.         •                                           •                ■  '                                                   '      .     . 

,The  first  consul  of  the  French  re-  Bremen,  the  rights  and  properties 
piiblic,  and  Iiis  majesty  tlie  emperor  which  he  exercises  and  possesses  in 
o£  Russia,  after  having  proposed  to  the  said  cities,  and  within  the  px- 
regiilate  thus  the  demandable  in-  tent  of  their  territory.  Thirdly,  that 
deiiauitics  of  the  hereditary  princes,  he  shall  cede  tlie  bailiwick  of  Wild- 
have  acknowledged  that  it  was  at  hauscn  to  the  duke  of  Oldenboui'g, 
once  possible  and  fit  to  preserve,  in  x  and  his  rights  to  the  eventual  suc- 
tkt  first  college  of  tlie  empire,  an  cession  of  the  county  of  Sayh,  Al- 
ecclesiastical  elector.                      ^  tenkirchen,  to  the  prince  of  Nassau 

They'  propose,  in  consequence^  Usingcn. 
that  the  arch-chancellor  of  tlie  em^  \  In  consideration  of  tlie  cession  of 
pire  should  be  transfeiTed  to  the  see '.  the  bailiwick  of  Wiidhausen,  to 
of  Ratisbon,,  with  the  abbeys  of  St.  the  duke  of  Oldenbourg,  and  the 
Emeran,  Ober  Munster,  and  Heider  i  secularization  that  shall  be  made  for 
J^unster,  keeping  his  old  posses-"  his  advantage  of  the  bishopric,  and 
siohs  the  grand  bailiwick  of  Aschaf-  of  tlie  giand* chapter  of  Lubeck,  the 
fenbourg,  on  tlie  right  of  the  Mayn,  toll  of  Elsfleet  shall  be  suppressed, 
and  that  there  should  be  united  to  and  shall  not  be  reestablished  un- 
it besides,  a  safficient  number  of  der  any  pretence  whatever,  and  the 
mediate  abbeys,  so  as  to  make  up  rights  and  properties,  of  the  said 
to  him  with  said  lands  an  annu^  bishopric  and  chapter  in  the  city  of 
revenue  of  a  million  florins.  Lubeck  shall  be  imited  to  the  do- 
.  And  as  the  best  means  to  conso-  main  of  the  said  city, 
lidate  the  Germanic  body  is  to  place  The  propositions  made  with  re- 
in the  first  college  tlie  princes  of  tlie  lation  to  the  indemnities,  lead  to 
greatest  influence  of  the  empire,  it  several  general  considerations,  which 
is  proposed  that  the  electoral  title-  ought  to  occupy  the  atteiitiQn  of 
should  be  granted  to  tlie  margrave  the  diet,  and  on  which  they  will 
iOf  Baden,  to  the  duke  of  Wirtem-  not  fail  to  make  the  necessary  deci- 
burgh,  and  to  the  landgrave  of  Hesse  .  sious.  It  appears,  then, 
Cassel.                                                 '  First,  That  the  ecclesiastical  pro- 

The  king  of  England,  in  his  qua-  perty  pf  the  giTind  chapters  and  their 

lity  pf  elector  of  Haiiover,  has  raised  dignitiiries  ought  to  be  incoifiorated 

pretensions  to  Hiklesheim,  Coney,  with  tlie  domains  of  the  bishoprics, 

and  Hoexter,  and  as  it  would  be  of  and  pass  with  tlie  bishoprics  to  tjie 

interest  that  he  should  desist  from  princes  to  whom  they  are  allotted, 

his  pretensions,  it  is  proposed  that  Secondly,   That  the  property  of 

the  bishopric  of  Osnaburgh,   which  the  chapters,  abbeys,  and  coiivents, 

nowbelongs  alternately  to  the  elec-  as  well  of  men  as  of  women,  medi- 

toral  house  of  Bmnswick,   should  ate  and  immediate,  which  has  not  been 

devolve  to  him  in  perpetuity,  upon  formally  disposed  of  in  the  present 

the    following    conditions  :     First,  propositions,   should  be  applied  to 

that  the  king  of  England,  elector  of  complete  the  indemnity  of  the  states, 

Hanover,    shall    renounce  all    his  and  hereditary  members  of  the  em** 

riglits   and     pretensions   to  Hilde-  pire,  if  it  should  be  found  that  what 

shemi,  Corv^ey,  and  Hoexter.     Se-  is  already  allotted  is  insufficient,  and 

condly,  tliat  he  shall  likewise  give  saving  the  sovereignty,   ^vhich  re- 

upto  the  cities  of  Hamburgh  and  mains  always  to  the  territorial  pirinccs^ 

Uua  to 


662 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1802. 


to  the  endowing  of  new  cathedrals, 
which  are  to  be  preserved  or  esta- 
blished, as  well  as  for  the  support 
of  the  bishops  and  their  chapters, 
and  other  expenses  of  public  wor- 
ship, and  to  the  pensions  of  the 
suppressed  clergy. 

liiirdly,  1^hat  the  property  an^"" 
revenues  belonging  to  hospitals^ 
fabriques,  universities,  colleges,  and 
other  pious  foundations,  as  also 
those  of  the  communes  of  one  of 
the  two  banks  of  the  Rhine,  situate 
on  the  other  bank,  should  be  placed 
at  the  disposal  of  the  respective  go- 
vernments. 

Fourthly,  That  the  lands  and  pro- 
perty assigned  to  the  states  of  the 
empire  to  replace  their  possessions 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  should 
remain  subject  to  tlie  payment  of 
the  debts  of  the  said  princes,  as 
well  personal  as  tliose  appertaining 
to  their  ancient  possessions. 

Fifthly,  That  all  the  tolls  of  the 
Rhine  ought  to  be  rescinded,  without 
the  power  of  reestablishment,  un- 
der any  denomination  whatever^ 
saving  the  duties  of  customs. 

Sixthly,  lliat  all  the  fiefs  held  of 
feudal  courts,  established  heretofore 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  and 
situate  on  the  right  bank,  should  be 
henceforth  held  immediately  of  the 
emperor  and  tlie  empire. 

Seventhly,  That  the  princes  of 
Nassau  Usingen,  Nassau  vVeilburg, 
Salm-Salm,  Salm  Kirburg,  Linange, 
and  Aremberg,  should  be  maintain- 
ed or  introduced  into  the  college  of 
princes ;  each  with  a  vote  anoes^ed 
to  the  possessions  which  they  re- 
ceive in  indemnity  for  their  tormer 
immediate  possessions  -,  that  the 
votes  of  the  immediate  counts  of 
the  empire  should  be  in  like  man- 
ner transferred  tp  the  lands,  which 
4be^  receive  in  compensation^  «md 


that  the  ecclesiastical  votes  should 
be  exercised  by  the  princes  and 
counts,  who,  by  virtue  of  tlie  treaty 
of  Luneville,  are  in  possession  of 
the' capitals, 

/Eighthly,  That  the  college  of  cities 
Ought  to  remain  composed  of  the 
free  and  imperial  cities  of  Lubeck, 
Hamburg,  Bremen,  Wetzlar,  Frank- 
fort, Nuremberg,  Augsburg,  and 
Ratisbon,  and  that  the  means  ought 
to  be  provided,  in  the  event  of  fu- 
ture wars  in  the  empire,  that 'the 
said  cities  shall  not  be  compelled  to 
take  any  part,  and  that  their  neutra- 
lity should  be  assured  by  the  em- 
pire, and  also  that  it  should  h6  re- 
cognized by  the  other  beUigerent 
powers. 

Ninthly,  That  the  secularizalion 
of  the  convents  of  recluse  women 
.ought  not  to  be  effected,  but  with 
the  consent  of  the  diocesan  bishop ; 
but  the  convents  of  men  should  be 
at  the  disposition  of  the  territorial 
princes,  who  may  suppress  or  pre- 
serve them,  at  their  pleasure. 

Such  H  the  whole  of  the  arrange- 
ments and  considerations  which  the 
undersigned  is  ordered  to  present 
to  the  imperial  diet,  and  on  which 
he  thinks  it  his  duty  to  gstU  for  its 
most  prompt  and  most  serious  deli- 
beration, declaring  to  it,  in  the  name 
of  his  government,  that  the  interest 
of  Germany,  the  consolidation  of 
the  peace,  and  the  general  tranquil- 
lity of  Europe,  exact  that  all  that 
concerns  the  regulati6n  of  the  in- 
demnities must  be  terminated  in  the 
space  of  two  months. 

(Signed)  Ch.  Mau.  Tallcyrarid, 
Paris,  August  1802. 


Note  of  Baron  de  Hugel,  Pleni^ 
ientmry  of*  his  Imperial  Me^&fiyf     ** 
address^,   the  2ikh  Sept.   1^1, 


STATE      PAPERS. 


663 


Lqforet,  Minhtcr  Extraor- 
y  of  the  French  Republic, 

\  declaration  delivered  at 
Ltisbon  in  the  name  of  the 
ling    powers,    contained    as 

as  unmerited  imputfltion 
e  delays  wjiich  attended  the 
;  of  the  deputation  of  the 
Ilis  majesty  owed  it  to 
as  well  as  to  the  Germanic 
tdprove by  facts  that  notliing 
n   neglected  on  his  pai't  to 

these    details.      Far    from 

to  inculpate  any  body,  the 
exposition  of  what  is  pass- 
.  only  for  its  object  to  evince 
ity  of  the  conduct  of  the 
Such  is  also  the  motive 
obliges   his   majesty  to  call 

here  other  facts  relative  to 
conferences  which  had 
ace  upon  the  indemnity  of 
r,  for  the  purpose  of  op- 
hem  to  assertions  contained 
;ote  transmitted  the  13th  of 
:ith  to  the  undersigned,  by 
iiT^t,  minister  extraordinary 
French  republic.  His  ma-r 
'illingly  submits  it  to  the 
at  of  all  Europe,  whether  he 

charged  with  injustice  or 
ti,  for  having  insisted  upon 

and  entire  indemnit)-  which 
\ty  of  Luneville  assures  to 
ist  brotlier.  As  to  the  means 
Its  has  employed  to  obtain 
3Ution  of  so  formal  a  stipu- 
fer  from  entertaining  a  fear 
«ing  them  in  full  day,  he 
Y  feel  a  desire  for  their  pub- 
ihasmuch  as  all  his  etForts 
id  exclusively  for  their  ob- 
combine  the  strict  execution 
»eace  of  Luneville  with  tlie 
uince  of  the  Germanic  con- 
1.  Some  indirect  insinua- 
ade  at  Vienna,  by  a  distin- 


guished person  in  the  service  of  the 
court  of  Munich,  have  given  reason 
to  think  that  the  elector  palatine 
himself  wished  to  settle  "with  the 
grand  duke  of  I'uscany  upon  the 
exchanges  for  their  mutual  conve- 
nience, nobody  then  doubting  but 
that  the  indenmity  of  his  royal  high- 
ness would  be  such  as  the  ticaty 
imported.  In  the  supposition  that 
the  complement  of  the  indemnity  of 
Tuscany  could  not  be  found,  except 
in  the  ecclesiastical  properties  of 
Suabia,  it  \vas  in  question  to  con- 
centrate the  respective  possessions 
by  an  exchange  of  the  part  of  Ba- 
varia in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
bishop  of  Salzburg.  His  majesty 
having  no  motive  to  object  to  such 
an  arrangement,  did  not  show  him- 
self disinclined  to  give  effect  to  these 
overtures.  Insinuations  of  the  sam© 
kind  took  place  at  Paris  at  the  time 
of  the  ratitication  of  the  treaty  of 
Luneville,  and  they  went  even  so 
far  as  to  put  in  doubt  what  had  been 
said  to  the  Austrian  plenipotentiary, 
whether  the  elector  would  be  able 
t«  preserve  the  city  of  Munich  j  but 
it  never  liad  been,  nor  could  be,  a 
question,  in  these  ditierent  con- 
ferences, to  carr)'  so  for  as  the  Lech 
the  indemnity  of  the  grand  duke  of 
I'uscany.— Upon  wiiat  title  could 
tlie  elector  be  depris  ed  of  the  whole* 
of  Bavaria  ?  Where  ooivld  the  means 
be  found  to  indemnify  him?  and 
though  his  majesty  should  have  had 
views  so  foreign  from  his  senti- 
ments, how  could  he  conceive  the 
idea,  solely  to  engage  the  French 
government  to  adopt  them  ?  He 
appe«ils,  m  thij»,  to  the  testhnony 
which  he  has  hinisclf  furnished,  to 
that  of  the  court  of  Munich,  and  to 
that  ^of  the  imperial  court  of  Russia, 
to  which  every  thing  was  oomniu- 
Hicatefli  upon  this  subject.  A,ll  those 
U  W  4  wUd 


^•fvnr> 


■t- 


664         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


who  had  a  kntnvlcdge  of  the  sub- 
ject which  \vas  iiioii  in  treaty,  know 
that  ihf  only  que->tion  was,  that  of 
the  Iser,  with  the  addition  of  the 
proposition  niade  by  Austria  to  leave 
to  tl:e  .i'jctor  a  siiiiabie  extent  of 
couiiiry,  for  tllepll^lJos^  of  removing 
the  city  of  Municii  fn^m  the  fn»!i- 
tier;  and  th:U  tbi-  firojet,  which 
surely  was  n(.L  ciXJi^L^tratefl  'n  the 
supposition  of  a  full  Ji-d  entire-  .n- 
df^ninity  tor  Tn:cany,  at  the  same 
time  thai  his  p.ilntinc  highness  should 
liave  ohtaini'd  in  Suabia  a  complete 
equivalent  of  cessions,  to  which  it 
v*ould  be  \. -'Jin^ijly  carried,  was  en- 
tirely .;b:«^^dor.ccl  by  the  emperor, 
the  moment  it  \sas  perceived  that 
tlie  elector  was  not  inclined  to  put 
his  hand  to  it.  Since  that  Time  the 
views  of  hi^  majesty  for  a  supple- 
mentary portion  to  be  given  to  his 
august  brother  have  been  solely  fix- 
ed upon  eccusin^tical  properties  and 
free  cities,  situate  in  the  circle  of 
Suabia.  The  plan  of  it  has  been 
drawn  up  in  Purls,  and  afterwards 
proposed  by  his  imperial  majei^ty  of 
Russia,  v^lii^  in  his  wisdom  adopted 
it  in  full.  In  conhning  himself  to 
this  faidil 111  staten^ent  cf  every  thing 
that  j)a--ed  upon  tl^e  subje<*i,  he 
may  di«per.se  with  noticing  the  in- 
ductions contained  in  the  note  of 
citizen  Laforet.  Ne.er  eoiJd  the 
emperor  have  entertained  a  th«  ught 
of  procuring  for  his  augu.-t  brother 
any  pan  whatsoever  of  Bavaria  in 
any  otlier  manner  than  by  an  ar- 
rangen^.ent  of  mutual  consent,  to 
th(  pcifcct  convenience  ot  the  elec- 
tor pal-itine.  liis  majesty  has  al- 
ready given,  relative  to  the  city  of 
Passau,  evciy  assurance  that  could 
be  expected  from  Ills  ju-ilice  and 
moderation.  He  is  ready  to  sur- 
render that  city  to  the  person  who, 
by  the  legal  and  definitive  aixangc- 


ment  of  the  indemnities,  shall  be 
acknowledged  its  lawful  owner.  If 
is  not  until  then  that  the  present 
poshes <or  shall  cease  to  be  so,  and 
that  his  majesty  will  be  disengaged 
from  tlie  obligation  which  he  has 
contracted,  at  the  request  of  the 
prinee  bishop,  to  provide  for  bia- 
....;cty  ur.til  the  decision  of  his  fate. 
The  emix?rrtr  would  not  willingly 
renounce  the  hope,  that  the  mo- 
derate 9tid  equitable  propositions 
with  which  he  has  recently  charged 
his  ambassador  to  tlie  French  re- 
public, shall  put  an  end  to  all  dif- 
ferences of  opinion  between  hira  and 
the  lirst  consul,  but  should  it  be 
odierwise,  his  august  brotlier,  with- 
out having  any  pretensions  to  make 
to  any  part  of  Bavaria,  which  he 
never  entertained  an  idea  of  acquir- 
ing, except  by  the  way  of  exchange 
with  mutual  consent,  will  ndt  the 
less  retain  the  incontestable  right 
secured  to  him  by  the  treaty  of  JUi* 
neville,  to  a  full  and  entire  indem- 
nity for  Tuscany  J  a  right  of  which 
the  empire  and  France  have  solemn- 
ly bound  themselves  to  put  him  in 
possession. 

The  untlersipned  eagerly  embraces 
this  opjxjrtunity  to  rqjeat  to  C.  La* 
foiet,  minister  extraordinary  of  the 
French  republic,   the  assurance  of  . 
his  high  consideration. 

Note  addressed  by  the  Imperial  Pfc- 
potent'iary  to  the  Diputatioa,   iii- 
Jhrming  thevn  of  his  Atcessum  to 
the  Condusiims  of  the  l6th. 

THE  minister  plenipotentiaiy  of 
his  imperial  majesty  discoversj 
in'  the  two  conclusums  that  have 
Ix-en  communicated  to  him  on  the 
part  of  the  deputation  of  the  empire^ 
propositions  well  calculated  to  pre- 
pare the  speedy  and  detinitive  ar- 

laugemeut 


STATE      PABERS. 


665 


laiigement  of  the  objects  reserved 
bgr  the  treaty  of  Lvineville  for  a 
jxarticular  convention.  Always  ready 
to  contribute,  on  his  part,  with  a 
sinoere  zeal  to  tliat  spsedy  arrange- 
ment, he  has  in  pursuance  of  these 
propositions,  under  a  restriction, 
however,  conformable,  no  doubt, 
to  the  intentions  of  the  deputa- 
tion, respecting  the  administration  of 
the  objects  assigned  as  ill demni ties 
to  the  counts  of  the  empire,  ad- 
dressed witlK)ut  delay  a  letter,  a 
copy  of  which  is  annexed,  to  the 
duke  of  Wirtemberg  and  the  mar- 
grave of  Baden ;  as  likewise  the 
two  notes,  copies  of  which  are  an- 
nexed, to  the  ministers  of  die  me- 
diating powers. 
Batisbon,  Oct.  18,  1802. 

(Signed)  Baron  de  Hugel. 


Definitive  Conclusiim.  adopted  ly  the 
Deputation  of  the  Dit^t  ofRatislon, 
on  the  2\st  of  October  1802,  and 
the  Opinion  of  Austria  on  the 
general  Plan  of  Imlemnltles. 

VT  shall  be  declared  to  the  mini- 
sters of  the  mediating  powers, 
that  the  deputation  have  maturely 
weighed,  according  to  its  import- 
ance, the  new  general  plan  which 
was  transmitted  to  them  under  the 
date  of  the  8th  of  this  month.  They 
acknowledge,  in  the  iirst  place,  the 
•benevolent  reo^ard  which  the  medi- 
ating  powers  and  their  ministers 
have  had  for  the  representations  and 
remarks  which  the  deputation  have 
made  upon  tlie  first  declaration. 
,  They  acknowledge  besides,  with  the 
warmest  gratitude,  not  only  the  be- 
nevolent views  and  etforts  by  which 
the  mediating  powers  have  sought 
to  accelerate  tlie  reestablishment  of 
order  and  tranquillity  in  the  empire. 


but  also  the  indefatigable  zeal  with 
which  tlieir  ministers  have  sought, 
hitherto,  to  fullil  this  task.  And  a$ 
the  doubt  which  tlie  deputation  still 
had,,  upon  the  subject  of  the  new 
plan,  is  done  away  by  the  illustra- 
tion given  in  the  notes  of  the  13th 
and  19th  of  this  month,  they  mak^ 
no  more  difficulty  in  accepting,  in 
all  its  extent,  the  general  pJan  of 
tlie  8th.  In  consequence  they  will 
adopt,  without  delay,'  conformably 
to  that  plan,  tlie  necessary  decisions 
upon  the  regulations  to  be  made  3 
they  will  unite  the  whole  in  one  act, 
in  order  to  be  able  to  communicate 
it  to  tlie  ministers  of  the  mediating 
powers.  The  present  conclusum 
shall  be  delivered,  in  the  accustomed 
forms,  to  die  imperial  plenipotenti- 
ary, with, the  request  that  he  will  ad- 
here to  it,  and  communicate  it  to 
the  mediating  powers.  The  mini- 
ster of  the  Tutonic  order  lamented 
that  tlie  conclusum  was  drawn  up, 
without  waiting  for  the  instructions 
he  expected  to  receive.  In  tlie  same 
sitting  in  wJiich  the  conclusum  was 
passed,  the  minister  of  Austria  gave 
his  vote  lipon  the  general  plan  of  the 
indemnities  5  it  is  as  follows  :  — 
'^  In  conformity  with  tlie  instruc- 
tions of  his  court,  the  sub-delegate 
considers  the  object  of  the  delibera- 
tion under  two  points  of  view  -,  that 
is,  under  tliat  of  the  justice  of  the 
claims  made  to  the  deputation  of  tlie 
empire,  for  his  royal  highness  the 
grand  duke  of  Tuscany,  and  next 
under  that  of  the  conciliatory  dispo- 
sitions and  meastires  of  the  imjierial 
and  loyal  court.  The  sub-delegate 
establishes  that  France  as  a  con- 
tracting party  at  the  peace  of  Lune- 
ville  cannot  conclude  any  conven- 
tion with  others,  nor  prescribe  plans 
of  indemnities  which  attack  afty  sti- 
pulations whatever  of  that  treaty : 


on 


666 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


on  Uic  other  hand,  Uic  part  of  me-  insufficiency  of  tlie  inaw  of  indrni- 
cliator  doifs  not  give  llic  fiiculty  of  nities  should  be  applied  not  to  one 
injuring  the  rights  of  a  party  intc-     single  part/  but  to  all.     Neverthe- 


rested,  and  the  depalaliou  cannot 
accede  to  a  plan  whicli.  iHJures  the 
treaty  of  Liincville,  considered  as 
the  basis  and  motive  of  their  being 
convoked,  liy  the  treaty  of  Lune-i 
ville,  the  grand  duke  of  Tuscany  is 
to  be  indemnllied  completely ;  and 
that  indemnity  is  neither  to  be  found 
in  the  lirst  nor  the  second  -plan 
of  Lndemnitics.j  and  to  tlie  surprise 
of  the  imperial  royal  .court,  no  re- 


less,  these  principles  are  often  de- 
parted from  in  the  plan  of  indemni- 
ties.— The  sub-dclcgaie  then  states, 
that  tlie  negotiations  arc  still  ia 
train  at  ]\iris ;  that  his  court  has 
lately  made,  by  its  ambassador, pro- 
positions to  tJic  French  govemineiit^ 
which  prove  its  extreme  moderatiou 
as  well  as  its  conciliatory  dis^xisi- 
tions  and.  just  regards  for  the  parties 
interested,  and  from  which  it  has 


gard  has  been  had  in  the  modified    just  ground  to  expect  a  happy  re- 
plan   to  tlie   representations    made     suit.     The  imperial  royal  court  flat- 


upon  tlic  subject,  though  measures 
have  been  taken  to  answer  all  other 
claims.  In  equity  no  one  can  put  a 
false  intiTpretation  upon  thedispohi- 
tiousofhis  imperial  majesty,  if  he 
sees  himself  under  the  iiecessity  of 
protecting  in  the  most  solejnn  man- 
ner the  rights  of  his  august  brother, 
and  oi  protesting  against  the  adop- 
tio)i  of  the  modified  plan  of  the  viedi- 


rers  itself  with  having  by  such  equi- 
table propositions  evidently  mani- 
fested the  nature  of  its  conciliatory. 
dispositions,  and  the  price  which 
it  attachc-i-to  the-interference  and  \o 
the  friendly  propositions  of  the  me- 
diating powers.  After  tliis  it  has 
so  much  the  more  reasoa  to  hope 
that  these  powers  >i'ill  have,  by  reci- 
procity, just  regards  for  his  royal 


ating  poiueis.  The  legitimacy  of  highness  the, grand  duke,  and  that 
this  protest  cannot  be  invalidated  by  they  will  please  to  make  in  their 
'^uy  essential  reason  founded  tipon  plan  of  indemnities  such  modifica- 
thc  public  law  of  Germany  ;  neither  tions  as  tlie  imperial  royal  court  can 
by  the  majority  of  votes  of  the  de-  '"agree  to.     It  must  be  seen  from  this 


ptitation,  because  that  majority  Jias 
nr;t  authorized  the  deputation  to  out- 
step the  limits  and  the  end  of  its 
full  powers  5  neitlier  by  the  in- 
variability of  the  mediating  pow- 
ers, because  these  regulations  ought 
always  to  be  guided. by  Xhe   Icgi- 


statemcnt,  tliat  tlie  imperial  and 
royal  court  cannot  incur  tlie  least  re- 
proach of  delay  -,  far  from  it,  tlie 
sub-delegate  must  regret  that  the 
best  intentions  and  conciliatory  nniea-' 
sures  have  not  been  received  on  the 
part  of  tlie  mediating  powers,  nor 


det 


crnunations 


which    have   their 


tim:i(  y  of  tJie  demand,  and  not  by  by^ny  of  the  coestates  to  the  depu- 
tation, with  tliat  eagerness,  which 
would  have  removed,  and  still  may 
remove  by  some  means  or  other,  ail 
tlie  difficulties.  The  general  state 
of  things  is  not  besides  sufficiently 
pressing  to  cause  apprehension  of 
danger  in  a  more  mature  discussion. 
All  Euiopc  is  tranquil,  and  wishes 
to  maintain  the  peace.  Grermany 
awaits  tlie  decision  of  its  fate  with 

paGeuco 


jpouvce  in  dispositions,  friendly,  but 
r,ot  emanating  from  any  strength  of 
ri;;ht  It  could  not  be  opposed  to 
this  demand,  tliat  the  mass  of  the 
i:idemnitics  is  not  equal  to  the  mass 
oi"  claims  3  for  in  that  case,  the  num- 
b-  :  ought  to  be  restricted  to  that 
w  liith  is  expressed  in  the  treaty,  and 
rlicn  the  restriction  arising  from  the 


STATE    PAPERS. 


667 


padence  and  finnness.    France  has 
c^lOBiy;  reason  to  be  content  with  the 
advantages  which  she  has  obtained 
firom  the  peace^  and  has  no  reason 
to  envy  the  royal  and  imperial  court 
the    execution    of  the  stipulations 
which  concerns  it^  and  still  less  to 
[-  refuse  it.  The  emperor  AlcxanderJ. 
is     a    monarch  friendly    to    peace 
t"  and  justice  j  he  will  see  in  this  cx.- 
treme  moderation  of  a  faithful  friend 
of  his  empire  this  new  proof  of  her 
^ood  intentions.     Austria,  far  from 
I  envying^  any  body  his  iust  preten- 
sions, is  ready  to  sacrifice  more  than 
half  of  her  just  claims  to  facilitate 
her  settlement  of  the  business  Of  the 
Indemnities.     As  to  Passau,  the  im- 
perial and  royal  court  is  disposed  to 
consent  to  the  abstraction  of  the  part 
of  that  bishopric  situate  beyond  the 
Inn  and  the  Danube,  provided  there 
'be  given  to  the  archduke  some  other 
advantage  in  exchange.     She  is  also 
disposed  to  make  her  troops  evacu- 
I  ate.  that  part  of  Passau,  if  the  elector 
rpaiatine,   on  his  part,  shall  under- 
[1  take  not  to  occupy  it,  until,  by  some 
arrangement  of  indemnit}^  his  royal 
highness  the  gi*and  duke  shall  be 
secured     according    to    the   senti- 
ments of  moderation  above  express- 
ed. 


2foie  presented  at  the  Diet  of  Ra- 
tishon,  on  the  25th  of  October,  hy 
Bcaron  Bild,  the  Swedish  Deputy 
for  Anterior  Pomerana, 

T^HE  under- signed  minister  pleni- 
.  potentiary  from  his  Swedish  ma- 
jesty to  the  diet  of  the  enapire,  con- 
ceives that  the  time  is  arrived  which 
Tequii:es  him  to  break  silence,  since 
the. German  empire  is  threatened 
with  new  dangers  and  divisions, 
which  render  it  necessary  for  ail  the 


members  of  the  empire  t(5  unite  with 
their  head,  to  mainiain  their  inde- 
pendence, without  which  there  can 
be  no  durable  tranquillity  or  secu- 
rity. The  king  of  Sweden,  who  is 
s^)  fortunate  as  to  have  lost  no  teiri- 
tory  during  the  war,  is  too  generous 
to  \\  ish  any  augmentation  of  his  pos- 
sessions in  Germany,  and  therefore 
can  have  no  odier  object  than  the 
true  welfare  of  the  German  empire 
and  its  legal  rights  and  indepen- 
dence. Actuated  by  these  senti- 
ments, his  majesty  would  have  he- 
si  Uitcd  to  take  any  part  in  the  affaii-s 
of  the  empire,  had  he  not  found  that 
foreign  powers  have  inteifered  in 
the  present  important  transactions. 
His  majesty,  therefore,  as  a  prince 
of  the  empire,  and  a  guarantee  pf 
its  constitution,  is  certainly  justified 
in  taking  a  part  in  the  deliberations. 
His  majesty  acknowledges  ihe  ne- 
cessity of  changes  in  the  Germaa 
empire,  on  the  equitable  principles 
already  admitted,  in  order  to  in-  ' 
demnify  those  princes  of  the  empire 
who,  by  the  mutable  fortune  of  t!ic 
war,  lately  concluded,  have  lost  their 
territories;  but  such  changes,  accord- 
ing to  these  same  principles,  must  be 
made  with  all  possible  propriety  and  ' 
justice,  so  that  those  only  may  re- 
ceive indemnifications  who  have  suf- 
fered actual  losses.  In  conclusion, 
his  majesty  considers  it  as  a  duty 
again  to  remind  the  diet  of  the  em- 
pire, that  an  improper  and  danger- 
ous example  has  been  given,  by  the 
occupation  of  territories  with  an 
armed  force,  before  the  right  to 
them  has  been  legally  acknowledged, 
and  that  it  is  necessary,  by  an  ex- 
press declaration,  to  prevent  the 
same  in  future. 

Bild. 


Royal 


668 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802. 


Royxd  Patcjrt  Ord'wavce  relative  to 
the  Occupation  of  tJie  Bishopric  of 
O'niGi'urgh,  published  in  that  Bi- 
shopric, 

Hanover,  Novemler  4,  1802, 

TT/^E,  Geor<Te   the  Third,    &c. 
VV     hcrcb)'  signify  to  the  canons 
and  other   clergy,    to  the  knights, 
vassals,  burghers,  inhabitants,    and 
subjects    of    the  late    bishopric  of 
Osnaburoh,    our   roval   favour  and 
good  will.      Forasmuch   ab  by  tlie 
late  relation  of  the   indemnities  in 
German";  in  pursuance  of  the  peace 
nf  Luneville,  adopted  by  the  depu- 
tation  of  the  empire  at  Hatisbon^ 
the  late    bishopric    of  Osfiaburgh, 
\vith  all  its  dependencies,   is  secu- 
.  larized  and  assigiv  i  to  us,  and  our 
house,  as  an  hcicdiiary  principality, 
and  as  such  has  been  accepted  by 
us;  and  as  we  have  agreed    witli 
respect   to   its  cession  and  ev:- ela- 
tion with  its  sovereign,  our  belc\>d 
prince  Frederick,  duke  of  York  and 
Albany,     we    have  thought    good, 
and  resolved  to  take  po-^ises&ion   of 
the  said  principality  of  Osnaburgh, 
with  all  its  dependencies,  and  the 
government  of  the  same,  for  us  and 
our  house;  and  for  that  purpose, 
h'dv?  appointed   our  state  and   ca- 
binet minister,  Cl//istian-IiOuis- Au- 
gustus Von  Arnswaldt,    our  com- 
missioner plenipotentiary,  and  have 
ordered  our  troops  to  march :  we, 
therefore,  by  this  patent,    take  on 
ourselves    the  government  of    the 
princ.pality  of  Osnaburoh,  and  re- 
quire the  canons  and  other  clergy, 
the  knights,  vassals,  burghers,  and 
other    inha'uiiants    and   subjt^cts,  to 
acknowledge  us  as  their  only  sove- 
reign, aiid  to  be   true  and  faithful 
to    us,    our  heirs    and    sucr^.-.^ors. 
We  ca'ir.ot  dov.bi  :yj\  d.."'  nill  de- 
pen  -liJiiiSi'     .    ■•    i :■■•'■••-    on  tliis 
occaiion,  and  iCiiucr  oQeditjice   u) 


all  ordure  which  may  be  signified  to 
them  in  our  name  by  our  minister  ' 
plenijjotentiar}',  and  that  they  will. 
transter  to  us,  the  fidelity  and  duty " 
they  sh.owed  to  their  former  sotb- 
reign ;  in  which  case  they  may  reljr^ 
with  full  confidence  6n  our  unwea- 
ried care   for   tlieir  welfare,    and 
paternal  protection  and  favour.   ■ 
Ad  mandatum  regis  et  electoris 
speciale, 

Kielmannsegge, 

Arnswaldt, 

Ducken. 


The  Deputies  of  all  the  Comviuncs  in 
the  three  Cantons  of  Uri,  Schwiix^ 
and  VndeiwnU,  to  Citizen  Vtriiir   , 
nar,  Minister  (f  the  French  Ue- 
puhlic  in  Switzerland. 

WE  have  uselessly  endeavoured, 
for  four-  years  past,  to  teaJr  ,^ 
from  us  a  constitution,  which,  from'  ' 
its  oiigin,  and  stili  more,  from  the 
violence   wiih  which   it  was  esta-    • 
blished,'  could  not  fail  to  be  odioas 
and  insupportable.  It  is  in  vain  that 
we  have  constantly  hoped  that  the 
Helvetic  government,  instructed  bjr 
the-  sorrowful  events  of  four  unfor-  , 
tunate  years,  would  at  length  find 
that  our  separation  from  the  repub-.  ., 
lie  was  that  which  was  most  wise 
and  suitable  for  both  parties,  and « 
that  the  wish  which  we  have  so  of-  . 
ten  and  so  strongly  expressed  for  our- 
ancient  liberty,  would  have  indnced  -. 
tliem  to  set  aside  all  hope  that  tliose 
tliree  cantons  would  ever  voluntarily  .. 
accept  any  other  constitution  tlu(Q  " 
that  which  has  ever  been  considered 
as  the  only  one  suited  to  these  conn- 
tries,  and  for  that  reason  so  highly 
prized  by  ourselves  and  our  ances- 
tors.     Our  reunion  with  Helvetia, 
.vhirb  has  been  stained  with  so  much 
innocent  blood,  is  perhaps  the  most 

cruel 


STATE      PAPERS. 


669 


il  eiample  of  constraint  tliat  his- 
'  can  olrer. 

a  the  .conviction,  therefore,  that 
a  forced  and  unfortunate  mar- 
ie, divorce  is  the  only  reasonable 
ledy,  and  that  Helvetia  and  oui'- 
t&.  caiinot  recover  repose  and 
tent,  except  by  the  rupture  ^ 
forced  tie,  we  are  firmly  resolved 
abaar  at  that  separation  with  all 
aible  activity,  and. we  think  it 
t  to  address  that  authority  which 
four  years  past  has  united  us,  in 
e  of  ourselves,  to  the  Helvetic 
ublic.  As  to  an)^  thing  further, 
ooly  wish  to  preser\'^e  good  har- 
dy in  our  commercial  relations, 
iecomes  brave  Swiss.  In  listen- 
-to  our  just  demands,  die  Helve- 
rtpublfc  will  acquire  in  us  bro- 
rs  and  faithful  neighbours. 

Health  and  consideration. 
chwitz,  July  13,  1802. 


Presentation  of  the  Lesser  Cantons 
]f  Switzerland  to  the  Fust  Con- 
mi,  on  the  Siilject  of  the  EvacU- 
^n  of  Helvetia. 

*  Citizen  first  consul, 
rhe  three  cantons  of  Uri,  Schwitz, 
i  Underwald,  have  been  apprised, 
^blic  report,'  of  your  resolution 
withdraw  the  French  troops  from 
itzerland.  They  see  in  such  a 
asure  the  most  convincing  proofs 
that  good  will  wjiich  you  have 
difeSted  towards  the  landamman 
)ys  Reding,  and  for  the  under- 
atfd,  &C.  The  cantons  reas- 
Mtd  at  Sdiwitz,  and  by  their 
mties,  have  determined,  in  pur- 
trite  of  the  wishes  of  the  people, 
ipehew  their  former  connexions, 
I  to  Establish  in  their  cantons  a 
'fernment  confovmable  to  their 
iltion  and  to  iheir  circumstances ; 
jf  2ls  you,  citizen  ikiit  cons  ul>  have 


approved  of,  and  is  exemplified  in 
the  9th  and  1 0th  articles  of  the  note 
or  the  20th  December,  which  tie 
laadamman  Reding  lias  had  the  ho- 
nour of  presenting  to  you. 

We  should  add,  citizen  first  co|i- 
9ul,  tliat  this  resolution  has  been  iu- 
cited  by  the  arbitrary  measures  of  the 
cantonal  authorities,  and  principally 
carried  into  execution  by  the  com- 
missary Keller,  in  tlie  g^nton  of 
Underwald,  proceedings  which,  by 
depriving  tlie  people  of  the  power 
>^^hich  they  had  formally  reserved, 
of  constituting  their  own  govern- 
ment, have  induced  the  greatest 
aversion  against  the  central  govem- 
menjt,  and  to  such  a  degree,  that  no 
way  remains  to  maintain  the  public 
tranquillity  in  those  countries,  but 
by  immediately  restoring  the  people 
to  the  exercise  of  that  legitimate 
right. 

We  have  the  honour,  citizen  first 
consul,  to  communicate  to  you  b|y 
these  presents,  the  public  declara- 
tions of  the  above-mentioned,  can- 
tons, in  the  conviction,  that  you  ard 
determined  those  brave  people  shall 
continue  to  experience  your  benevo- 
lent support,  which  they  so  highly 
estimate;  and  which  none,  citizen 
first  consul,  feel  a  j«ster  sense  of,  Scc^ 
than  tlie  undersigned. 

Schwitz,  Aug.  22,  1802. 

Convention    concluded   letiveen    the 
Municipality  of  Zurich  and  the 
'  Commissary  of  the  Helvetic  Go^ 
vernment,  ;. 

Diflerent  circumstances  having 
given  rise  to  hostilities  between 
the  Helvetic  troops  and  the  inha- 
bitants of  tlie  city  of  Zurich,  ci- 
tizen May,  commissary  of  govern-- 
ment,  in  virtue  of  his  full  powers^ 
has  taken  upon  himselt  the  office  o£ 

mediator : 


do        ANNUAL   kEGISTER,  1802. 


mediator ;  and  ha?;,  in  conseqnence, 
as^rccd  upon  the  follow ing  conven- 
tion witli  the  municipality  of  tlie 
city  : 

Art.  r.  The  commissary  of  go- 
vernment. May,  rcsic;ns,  in  full 
contidnuT,  lo  the  townsmen  of  Zu- 
rieli,  (he  military  service  of  that  city, 
and  (•ni::anes  that  lie  will  establish  no 
i^anison  thcR*,  but  will  personally 
H'pair  t  hi  I  her  as  the  chief  place  of 
the  cantDU,  bnnging  along  with 
him  only  a  few  pieces  of  ordnance. 

II.  All  past  proceedings  shall  be 
buried  in  obli\  ion.  All  the  inhabi- 
t;uits  of  Zurich,  as  well  as  all  the 
inhabitants  of  Helvetia,  who  have 
t:iken  part  in  the  late  events,  are 
discharged  from  all  responsibility. 
l^)nsequcntly  all  those  w^ho  on  either 
«iile  have  been  made  prisoners,  or 
a  nested  by  the  civil  or  military 
power,  sliall  be  instantly  set  at  li- 
berty, if  there  be  no  other  accusa- 
tion against  them. 

III.  Immediately  after  the  sign- 
ing of  the  present  convention,  the 
speediest  means  wi'l  be  taken  to  put 
an  end  to  all  hostile  proceedings. 

Zurich,  Sept.  15,  1802,  eight 
o'clock  in  themoniing,  in  name 
of  tlifi  municipality. 

(Signed)  Hirzel, 

llhcinard. 
Pf cad-quarters  at  Zurich- 
berg,  Sept.  15,   1802, 
nine  in  the  morning. 

(Signed)         May, 
Commissary  of  tlie  government. 


Convention  lefivcvn  tlw  Helvetic 
Troops  at  Berne  and  tlu-  /n.^iirgcnts 
lesieging  the  Toirn. 

1  he  commander  of  the  Helvetic 
armc^l  force  at  Kerne,  in  order  to 
avoid  any  further  bloodshed,  and 
particularly  with   tlie  intention   of 


sparing  the  inhabitants  and  the  cit/« 
on  the  one  part  j  aiid  M.  £.  Ernan 
de  Watteville,  in  the  name  of  the. 
council  of  war  of  (he  troops  vrko 
have  attacked  Berne,  on  the  other  ; 
have  agreed  upon  the  foUowing  arti-,^ 
cles :  * 

Art.  I.  There  shall  be  an  anni- 
stice  between  the  Hdvetic  troops  at'. 
Berne,  and  tliose  which  have  at- 
tacked the  city,  to  commence  from 
the  signing  of  the  present  convention. 

n.  The  Helvetic  troops  shall  gire 
up  tlie  place  in  twenty-four  houn 
arter  the  signature. 

III.  The  leaders  of  the  troops  la 
arms  against  Berne,  engage  to  ob- 
tain from  the  municipal  authorities^ 
the  carriages,  waggons,  and  hones,  i 
and  all  the  necessary  facilities  for  the 
departure  of  the  government,  and  J 
those  in  olfice^  with  their  families 
and  effects  of  every  description,  and 
also  for  the  conveyance  of  twenty 
pieced  of  artillery,  with  the  powdtt' 
and  ammunition  necessary  to  semtt 
them;  in  a  word,  every  thing  be- 
longing to  the  government.  The 
records,  papers,  and  other  articles^ 
which  cannot  be  carried  off,  will  be 
respected,  and  remain-  under  the 
guarantee  of  the  parties  stipulating* 
1  he  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  in 
the  hospitals  shall  be  maintained^ 
taken  care  of,  and  sent  to  their  xe* 
spcctive  corps.  i 

IV.  llie  leaders  of  the  troopa  in 
arms  against  Berne  ensure  to  the 
g<nernment  a  free  passage  to  the 
trontiei  s  of  tlie  cantons  of  Vaud  aad 
PVibnrg. 

V.  Should  any  member  of  the 
government,  or  any  person  in  its 
employment,  not  be  able  to  aooomT 
pany  the  government  itself,  Xhej 
shall  have  a  passports  to  follow  it  at 
full  liberty.  Should  th^  be  ob|(gei 
to  lea\c  behind  them  their  fimilies 

9DA 


STATE      PAPERS. 


671 


and  effects,  tlicy  shall  be  respect- 
ed. 

VI.  The  ministers  of  foreign 
powers  to  the  Hehctic  republic, 
with  their  suite,    and  property  of 

•  every  description,  remain  under  the 
guarantee  of  the  law  of  nations. 
The  leaders  of  the  troops  in  arms 
against  Berne,   shall  respect  their 

.raaracter,  and  promise  to  furnish 
them,  at  any  time,  with  the  facilities 
requisite  to  their  removal,  whither- 
soever tliey  tJiink  proper. 

Vil.  Genend  Andermatt,  the 
troops  under  his  orders,  and  all  other 
Helvetic  troops  on  dctaclied  service, 
are  comprised  in  the  present  con- 
Tention,  and  may  rejoin  the  Helve- 
tic government,  at  its  departure 
firoin  Berne,  without  any  molesta- 
tion^ with  their  arms,  baggage,  and 

.  train  of  artillery ;  and  for  this  pur- 

•  pose  couriers  shall  be  immediately 
c^patched  to  tjie  general  and  tlie 
dctechments,  to  inform  them  of  the 
present  convention.  These  troops 
shall  march  by  the  shortest  road, 
-without  the  city,  at  the  rate  of  at 
least  five  leagues  each  day. 

VIII.  The  other  columns  in  arms 
against  the  government  are  equally 
included  in  die  present  convention. 

IX,  Until  the  junction  of  the 
above-mentioned  detachments  shall 
have  been  effected,  the  troops  in 
arms  against  the  Helvetic  govern- 
ment shall  not  enter  the  territory  of 
the  cantons  of  Vaud  or  Friburg. 
Hostilities  shall  not  take  place  on 
cither  side. 

•  •  X.  As  a  security  for  the  perform- 
ance of  the  present  convention,  two 
officers  of  equal  rank  shall  be  reci- 

•  procally  delivered  as  hostages  until 
■  ^e  complete  execution  of  all  its  arti- 

'    des. 

XI.  Such  articles  as  may  appear 
lloubtful,  shall,^  if  necessary,  be  ex- 


plained  by  commissioners  on  both 
sides  in  favour  of  the  besieged . 
Done  and  agreed  upon  at  Ben:e, 
September  18,  1802,  eight  in 
the  evening. 

(Signed)     Gaudard. 

E.  D.  Wattevilic. 


Bonaparte,  First  Consul  of  the  Frertch 
Republic,  President  of  tlie  Italian 
Republic  J  to  the  Eightecfi  Cantons 
of  the  Helvetic  Republic. 

St.  Cloud,  Sept.  30,  1802. 

Inhabitants  of  Helvetia, 

YOU  have  afforded,   for    two 
years,  an  afflicting  spectacle. 
Opposite  factions  have  successively 
taken  possession  of  the   sovereign 
authority ;  they  have  signalized  their 
temporary  rule  by  a  system  of  par- 
tiality which  proved  tlieir  imskilfiil- 
ness  and  weakness. — In  the  course 
of  the  year  lO,  your  government 
desired   that  the  small  number  of 
French  troops  in  Helvetia  should  b* 
withdrawn.      The  French  govern- 
ment willingly  availed  themselves  of 
tliat  opportunity  to  honour  your  in- 
dependence;   but  soon   afterwards 
your  ditferent  parties   began  to  be 
agitated  by  fresh  fliry ;  the  blood  of 
tlie  Swiss  was  shed  by  the  hands  of 
Swiss. — You  have  been   disputing 
for  tliree  years  witliout  coming  to 
any  understanding  ;  if  you  are  left 
longer  to   yourselves,    you  will  be 
killing  each  other  for  three  years, 
without  coming  to  a  better  under- 
standing.    Your  history  proves  be- 
sides,   that    your     intestine    wars 
could    never    be     terminated    but 
by  tlie   efficacious   intervention    of 
France. — It  is  true  tliat  I  had  de- 
termined  not  to  interfere  at  all  in 
your  aflairs  3  I  had  constantly  seen 


672 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802.* 


your  different  governments  ask  ad- 
vice of  nie,  and  not  follow  it,  arid 
sometimes  abuse  my  name,  accord- 
ing to  tlieir  interests  and  iheir  pas- 
sions. '  But  I  neither  can  nor  ought 
to  remain  insensible  to  the  misciy 
of  which  you  are  the  victims.  I 
reciill  my  detomination — I iviil  be 
tiic  mediator  of  your  differences, 
but  my  mediation  shaJl  be  effica- 
cious, such  as  befits  the  great  peo- 
ple in  whose  name  I  speak. — Five 
days  after  the  notification  of  the 
present  proclamation,  the  .<^enate 
shall  assemble  at  Berne. —  Every 
magistracy  that  shall  have  been 
formed  at  Berne  since  the  capitula- 
tion shall  be  dissolved,  and  shall 
cca«Je  meeting  and  extTcising  any 
authority. — 1  he  prefect  >j  shall  repair 
to  tliCir  posts. — All  the  authorities 
which  mav  have  been  formed  shall 
cease  meeting.  —Armed  assemblages 
shall  disperse. — ^The  1st  and  2d 
Helvetic  demibrigadcs  shall  com- 
pose tlie  garrison  of  Berne. —The 
troops  who  have  been  on  service  for 
upv/ards  of  six  months,  shall  alone 
remain  in  corps  of  tr(X)ps.  —  Finally, 
all  individuals  disbanded  from  tlie 
belligerent  armies,  and  who  are  now 
in  arms,  shall  deposit  their  arms  at 
the  municipality  of  the  commune 
where  they  were  born. — The  senate 
shall  send  three  deputies  to  Paris  3 
each  canton  rnay  also  send  deputies. 
—All  citizens  who,  for  the  last 
thiee  years,  hav^e  been  iandamman, 
senators,  and  have  successivelv  oc- 
cupied  places  in  the  central  autho- 
rity, may  repair  to  Paris,  to  make 
known  the  means  of  restoring  union 
and  tranquillity,  and  conciliating  all 
parties. —On  my  part,  I  have  a 
right  to  expect  that  no  city,  no 
•ommune,  no  corps,  will  do  any 
tiling  contrary  to  the  dispositions 
which  I  make  known  to  you.~ln« 


habitants  of  Helvetia,  awake  to 
hope  ! !  !  —Your  country  is  on  the 
brink  of  a  precipice  5  it  shall  be 
immediately  drawn  from  it^  all  men 
of  good  intentions  will  second  this 
generous  plan.  But  if,  which  I 
cannot  believe,  there  be  among  ypU 
a  great  number  of  individuals  who 
should  have  so  little  virtue  as  nbt 
to  sacrifice  their  passions  and  their 
prejudices  to  the  love  of  their  coun- 
try 5  people  of  Helvetia,  you  will 
have  indeed  degenerated  from  your 
forefathers  !  —There  is*  no  sensibljB 
man  who  does  not  see  tliat  the  mc^- 
diation  which  I  take  upon  myself  Li 
a  benefit  to  Helvetia,  from  that 
Providence  which,  in  the  midst  qf 
so  many  shocks,  lias  always  watchr 
ed  over  the  existence  and  inde^ 
pendence  of  your  nation,  and  thdit 
this  mediation  is  the  only  means  of 
saving  botli.  For  indeed  it  is  time 
you  should  see,  that  if  tlie  patriot- 
ism and  union  of  your  ancestAra 
foiuided  your  republic,  tlie  bad  spi- 
rit of  your  factions,  if  it  continue^ 
will  infallibly  destroy  it  3  painful 
would  it  be  to  think,  that  'at  a  pe- 
riod when  several  new  .republics 
have  arisen,  destiny  had  marked  out 
the  termination  .and  fall  of  one  oiF 
tlie  most  ancient. 

(Signed)  Bonapart£; 


Answer  of  the  Diet  of  SckwltTi  to 
the  Proclamation  of  BonapartS* 

Citizen  first  consul. 

The  proclamation  which  you  did 
us  the  honour  to  send  to  us  on  th<f 
30th  of  September,  by  citizen  Rapp, 
your  adjutant-general,  arrived  at 
Schwitz  on  tlie  6th  of  October.— 
We  could  have  wished  that  thai 
letter  we  took  the  liberty  of  send- 
ing you,  general  first  consul^  on 

the 


STATE      PAPERS, 


673^ 


fee  30th  of  September,  could  have 
reached  you  sooner  j  it  contains  a 
feithfiil.  exposition  of  tlie  present 
ilate  of  Switzerland.  Pei*mit  us  to 
send  you  enclosed  a  duplicate  of  it, 
and  to  entreat  you  to  receive  it  fa- 
vourably.- It  will  prove  to  you  that 
tiie  movements  which  have  taken 
pbce  in  Switzerland  are  not  the  re- 
auh  of  a  spirit  of  party,  and  that 
the  Swiss  nation  has  no  other  object 
in  view  than  to  make  use  of  th^ 
right  which  she  claims  of  giving 
herself  a  central  and  cantonal  con- 
stitution, founded  on  her  position 
^nd  her  wants — a  sacred  and  pre- 
cious right,  which  you  deigned 
yourself  to  ensure  her  by  the  treaty 
of  Lunevtlle.  Switzerland  would 
long  since  have  been  tranquil^  if 
the  members  of  the  Helvetic  go- 
vernment, those  obscure  metaphy- 
sicians, had  consulted  the  real  state 
of  atfairs,  instead  of  obstinately  at- 
taching: themselves  to  theoretic  at*- 

I     tempts  as  erroneous  as  they  are  ex- 
pensive.    The  violence  witli  which 

j.  they  have  tried  to  impose  their  sys- 
tem upon  tlie  democratic  cantons, 
the  civil  war  tlicy  have  organized  to 
attain  their  end,  directed  at  lirst 
against  those  cantons,  then  against 
all  Switzerland :  llie  unexampled 
severity  with  which  they  have 
done  it,  have  produced  a  discontent 
equally  general  and  just,  and  a  de- 
.  termined  and  avowed  will  to  shake 
off  this  unsupportable  yoke.  It  is 
Dot  tlien,  general  first  consul,  an 
"affair  of  "party — it  is  the  sacred 
cause  of  humanity,  it  is  the  general 
^shof  a  whole  nation,  which  has 
given  us  our  power  and  our  in- 
structions, of  a  nation  which  ypu 
yourself  wished  to  free,  and  which 
has  been  ill-treated  and  irritated, 
contrary  to  your  intentions.  Yet 
;   Vol.  XLIV. 


that  nation,  we  render  ourselves 
guarantees,  will  never  abu"je  the 
liberty  it  ckrims.  The  Swiss  have' 
nothing  more  at  heart  tlian  to  at- 
tain a  state  of  repose,  in  which, 
under  the  shield  of  a  mild  and  just 
government,  each  inhabitant  may 
enjoy  his  proi)erty  and  existence. 
We  are  convinced  that  we  sliall  ar- 
rive at  that  essential  object  of  all 
social  order,  from  the  moment  our 
will  and  our  efforts  shall  be  no 
longer  fettered.  —  General  first  con- 
sul, all  Europe  admires  in  you  tlie 
supreme  head  of  an  immense  power 
and  empire,  which,  without  doubt, 
according  to  your  own  vievys,  will 
be  directed  to  the  good  of  huma- , 
nity  ;  your  magnanimity  assures  us, 
that  you  wiir  not  make  use  of  it 
against  a  people  who  only  desire 
what  you  have  made  them  hope, 
and  who  ©nly  wish  what  they  be- 
believe  themselves  authorized  to  do 
by  yourself.  Penetrated  with  eter- 
nal gratitude,  tlie  Swiss  nation  will 
do  its'  endeavour  to  deserve  tlie 
good  will  of  tlie  French  govern- 
ment 5  and  will  fulfil  all  the  duties 
which  are  imposed  upon  it  by  the 
desire  of  cultivating  good  neigh- 
bom'hood. 

It  is  with  the  most  distinguished 
respect  that  we  remain,  general 
first  consul. 

The  deputies  of  the 
Helvetic  Diet. 

Schwitz,  Oct.  8,   1802. 

" ■    T 

Basle,  October  9,  1802. 

THE  members  of  the  Helvetic 
diet  assembled  at  Scliwitz, 
have  agreed  on  a  pkn  of  a  consti' 
tution  which  they  have  addressed  to 
all  the  cantons,  and  of  which  the 
following  are-  tlie  articles  :  ' 

X  X  Art. 


t 


4 

r 


A\: 


^    L     - 


■:  r 


ISTZTi,  1502. 


fv.^  J/-  :1 .:   i    J'  ■•  .•■     ''•■'      •''M'-.-.i 
n\  i,\.'.u  ,    \..    '  •    V  ■     -.;■  :i  "  .■;i.ii.:. 

HI..'       ..-      :•-.   ■.:'  .:• 
Ill*  ' ' 

J : .       i      '  ■  *       _;»■•'•       ■;  ■.    ! 

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I' ..  I'  '  ,      :.    ■       ,   ,         •       .  J    ■ '  .  I..;J    t  ■    « *.  I  iJ- 

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\  I.  Mil  '.:u>t  HiJi.'  :jt  ..!  1 .1'  h  '::ii- 

Iff.i  il.i  (.  'l\ir  t'.'l.itlir-N  Kiiuill 
111     ('lliir-       hlllii      lijf-'n      I  i>li*'ii1ti(-!lls 

tli.i.k  (iii.|ifi  tii  iri.:l  il. (.ni.     'iluy 

tn'c  .1:  !(  i.iititii  •!  \t\    thr  « .luUli. 

\'il     '1  lir  ilif  I     In   JKrllil.lutlit  ;    if 
li' iilit  i.tic  1   oil  UMi    .nil)    jH'.irt-.  ;t:)«l 

liil  liif  I  Kill  Ill:ii(;ll  it  hiU'h  iK.lIii  >  i<l 
;.ll«.tiirr  iiliil  (  iiliiltii  lie*  ;)>!  llii'  !.('' 
jh  i.il  ihli  n  .-I  i,t"  »li.--  I  i.iitViltT.ilii'n 
111.1)  I  .ill  l.ii'.  Il  U  :(utlu»ri/.ril  lo 
ii'^it.il  .Mill  .iiiiuil  till-  iintLiiin.iiiccs 
(»t  rlic   i.iiiinii.il  L^iiMiinni-ntN,  M'iiirli 

Hll-     )i|(  {lulu  i.ll     l(t   llic    1  If  IXllU'   i  llTl- 

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I 'III  unit    nSjiM.    |umI(  lll.lllv  ot   llr.l- 

t  ri,  I'taif,  iniunu*R<"  anil .lUi.mcr. 
;iiLiiKliiiw   lit  ilu*.  iiidtiiii'tion:i  ot  Ins 

iX     ilit    tlirt   rIuHisi'S»    from  :i- 
ii."i)u.-«(   \[i  iiimititTN,    a    picMilcuL 


N.  Jri'.-  J  rf;  rim:  csf  the  fictic" 

. . • .  J  •■  ■  ::•: : >  ihf  dcliber-saucs  d  Ae 
'    t.  MJ.'i'h    art    roa3ier>!^iied  Jif 
:::■.    >r;TiijrT.     Tbf-  protocol  shfll 
Ir  -■.;::i'i.l  h\  everr  iDemb 

Ml.   iijc  di'.'t  appoints  tfacHdM 
■  ■  I  •lV■?v^  ici  lorrign  poven»aB(| 

J    C'l      .  I  ^  l^  jl     Ilia 

XII.  ill  L-a>c'  of  a  irar,  or 
.f  j::..ck.  iLr  uk  t  series  the 
i.:.:'.'iii  c>f  tnti)]>>,  and  the  amomM 
r:  Ok   Fi::ns  vhich  each  caDton  iii 
<  'M . i^rd  \i « I'lin-. "..-Ji .     The  aneoali  i 
irji  c^iiTCiiiS  art'  at  the  disposd 
:]k'  ilici.     Ji  appcjints  the^ 
:;:.J  rcip'xes  thtrm,  as  also  the 
';«i\!.rs   c'l'  thr  militia  in  time 
]>i.ivr.     Lucli  rarton  isi  obliged 
i.\*  :\i>c  in  amis  acd  militaiy 
::(!:: J.,  a  criniiiiEfcnt  of  the 
V 1 J  cl  1 .  he \\e\ er,    is  not  to 
any   ifiViiive    Venice,    in  time 
pi  K  r,  and  recfives  no  pav-  i; 

Xlli.  Ail  Thc:>  Swiss  are  scUkxfti 
None  can  exercise  the  rights  of  gp 
li/cn-hip,  nor  be  received  into  ' 
il rj\»njt:t'r!'i   of  artists  and 
nuTi,  noi  exercise  a  profci^any 
Jiurrv,  unlc-s  he  has  a  mus]K^-#^ 
.sword,  and  a  pouch.     The  govcift|- 
nu  nt  >up])lie5  the  poor  with 
In  cxtraordinan'  cases  the  cantoDP 
gov  L  mm  en  t  may  order  the  disaUD*  - 
ing  ot*  the  citizens.     The  expeoacf 
ot    war  are   charged  upon  au  Aft  j 
cantons  in  propuriion  to  their  se?.  ' 
.«- petti ve  means.  ' 

Xole  rerl-ah. 

LORD  Hawkesbun*  has  receiv" 
ed  his  majesty's  cimmauds  tp. 
coinmunicaiu  tijrougli  iilr.  Olio,  to 

<h0 


STATE      PAPERS. 


675 


*ench  "government,  the  scnti- 
of  deep  regret  \vhich  have 
excited  in  his  majesty's  mind 
;  address^  of  the   first  consul 
i  Helvetic  people,  which  was 
hed  by  authority  in  the  Mo- 
of  tlie  Ist  instant,  and  by  tJie 
entations   which    have    been 
to  his  majesty  on  this  subject, 
lalf  of  the  nation  whose  in- 
are  so  immediately  allected 
His  majesty  most  sincerely 
ts    tlie  convulsions  to  which 
;viss   cantons  have  for  some 
^ast   been  exposed  j    but   he 
nsider  their  late  exertions  in 
iier  light  tlian  as  the  lawful 
of  a    brave  and    generous 
to  recover  their  ancient  laws 
overnment,    and  to   procure 
jestablisluiK^nt   of   a    system 
experience  hiis  demonstrated, 
ily   to  be  fa\'ourable  to   the 
!nance  of  their  domestic  hap- 
but  to  be  perfectly  cons  is  t- 
th  the  tranquillity  and  secu- 
otlier  powers. 

cantons  of  Switzerland  un- 

tnably   possess,  in    the  same 

as  every  other  independent 

the  right  of  regulating  their 

nternal    concerns,    and    this 

as,  moreover,  in  the  present 

:e,    been    formally   and   ex- 

gtiarantied  to  the  Swiss  na- 

f  the  French  government  in 

iaty  of  Luneville,  conjointly 

he  other  powers  who  were 

to    that    engagement.     His 

J  has    no  otlier  desire  tlian 

e  people  of  Switzerland,  who 

ippcar    to    be    so    generally 

should  be  kft  at  liberty  to 

leir  own  internal  government^ 

t    the    inter])osition    of  any 

powers  ;  and  with  whatever 

his   majesty   may   have   pe- 

he  late  proclamaii©ii  ©f  tlie 


French  government,  he  is  yet  un- 
willing to  believe  that  they  will 
furtlier  attempt  to  controul  that  in- 
dependent nation  in  the  exercise  bf 
their  undoubted  rights.  His  ma- 
jesty thiiiks  himself  icalled  upon  by 
his  regard  for  the  general  interests 
of  Europe,  and  by  his  peculiar 
solicitude  for  the  happiness  and  wel- 
fare of  the  Swiss  nation,  to  express 
these  his  sentiments  with  a  frank- 
ness and  sincerity  which  he  feels  to 
be  due  to  his  character,  and  to  the 
good  understanding  which  he  is 
desirous  of  preserving  with  the  go-^  ' 
vernment  of  France. 

Downing-street,  Oct.  IQ,  1Q03, 
To  Mr.  Otto,  &c.  Sec. 


Dispatch  from  Lord  Hawkeshury  to 
Mr.  Moore. 

bowning'Street,  Oct.  10,  1802, 

Sir, 

His  majesty  having  deemed  it 
expedient^  that  a  confidential  person 
should  be  sent  at  tiie  present  mo- 
ment to  Switzerland,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  coramanication  which 
he  has  received  from  the  Swiss 
confederacy,  through  their  reprcr 
sentative  at  Paris,  I  am  commanded 
to  inform  you  that  he  has  made 
choice  of  you  for  that  purpose. 

It  is  of  the  utmost  consequence, 
considering  the  nature  of  tlie  busi- 
ness with  which  you  are  entrusted, 
tixat  you  should  lose  no  time  in 
taking  your  departure  frod;i  hence,  , 
and  tliat  you  should  make  every 
practicable  exertion  to  arrive  dn 
the  frontiers  of  Switzerland  with  as 
litde  delay  as  possible*  .You  will 
inform  yourself  tliere  what  is  the 
actual  residence  of  the  govetnment 
of  tlie  Swiss  confederation,  to  which 
you  will  immediately  repair.  Hav- 
ing taken  the  proper  means  to  ob- 
Xx2  taii^ 


676 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


tain  a  confidcniial   interview  with 
the  persons  who  uvav  be  entrusted 
■  with  thij  principid  direction  of  af- 
fairs, yon  will  commnnicate  to  them 
a  copy  of  the  note  verbiile  wliich  1 
delivered  to  M.  Otto,  and  which  is 
herewith   enclosed  5    ar.d    you   will 
take  c\ciy  opportunity  of  impress- 
ing upon  their  minds  the  deep   in- 
terest which  his  majesty  takes  in 
the  success  of  their  exertions.     Yon 
will  state  to  them,  that  his  majesty 
entertains  hopes,  fhiit  his  represen- 
tation  to  the    French   government 
may  have    the  ell'eet    of   inducing 
tlie  first  consul  to  abandon  his  in- 
tontiKm  of  compelling  the  Swiss  na- 
tion  by    force    to    renounce    that 
system  of  government  under  which 
tliey  had  so  long  prospered,  and  to 
which    tliey    appear    to   be   almost 
unanimously  anxious  to  return.    In 
'this  event  his  majesty  will  feel  him- 
self bound  to  abstain  from  all   in- 
terference on  liis  part  j  it  being  his 
earnest  desire  that  tlie  Swiss  nation 
should  be  left  at  liberty  to  regulate 
their  own   internal  concerns,  witli- 
©ut  the  interposition  of  any  foreign 
power.      If,  hov.cv(n*,  contrary   to 
liis  majesty's  expecUat  ions,  the  French 
pjovenmient   should   persist   in   the 
system    c)f  coercion,  ainiouneed  in 
th(j  proelauiiition  of  the  f.rst  consul, 
in!;erted  in  the  Mor/iteui  of  the  Ist 
instnnt.  you  will,  in  that  case,  in- 
form yourself^  by   every  means  in 
your  power,  of  the  disposition  of 
the  people  at  lar^e   of  the   Swiss 
confederacy,  and  ])arlicularly  of  those 
who  have  the  direction  of  their  af- 
fairs, and  of  those  who  possess  the 
;ri"eaLj"St  share  of  influence  aLioii;i;st 
them,  t<i  pcrr^fvcre  in  the  df.tbnce  of 
the].-  rigl'.t^,  and  in  ihe  maiixtainanec 
of  the  iysiem    they  have  adopted. 
You  will  likewise  inrjuire  into  the 
means  erf*  dcience    oi   which  tlit  y 


n:ay  be  possessed,  and  of  the  pro- 
bability of  their  being  exerted  with 
success.  You  will  on  no  account 
encourage  them  to  perse^'ere  in  ac- 
tive measures  of  resistance  which 
they  are  not  tliemselves  desirous  to 
adopt,  or  which  they  may  belies  6 , 
are  unlikely  to  be  ultimately  effec- 
tual. If,  however,  yon  should  find 
that  tlie  people  of  tlie  Swiss  con- 
federacy are  generally  determined 
to  pcrse\ere  in  the  maintainance  of 
their  indq^endence,  and  of  their 
right  to  return  to  their  ancient  sys- 
tem of  government  j  and  if  you 
should  be  of  opinion  tliat  from  the 
union  that  subsists  amongst  the 
people,  and  from  tlieir  zea!  and  en- 
thusiasm in  the  cause  in  which 
they  are  engaged,  they  are  finally 
resolved  at  all  hazards  to  resist  the 
threatened  attempt  of  the  French 
go\ernment  to  interpose  by  force  of 
arms  in  the  settlement  of  tlieir  in- 
ternal eoncenis  3  you  will  then  ina- 
mediately  communicate,  in  confi- 
dence, to  the  Swiss  government^ 
lliat  either  in  the  event  of  a  French 
army  having  entered  the  countr}", 
or  in  the  event  of  your  having  rea- 
son to  be  convinced  that  a  French 
army  is  actually  advancing  for  that 
purpose,  his  majesty  has  autliorized 
you  to  accede  to  their  application 
for  pecuniary  Euecours. 

I  have  furnished  you  witli  « 
cyjiher  and  decypher,  that  you  maj 
have  it  in  your  power  to  correspond 
with  his  majesty's  ministers  at  Vi- 
enna and  Munich,  if  you  should 
tliink  it  advisable ;  and  as  it  ii 
liighly  probably  that  the  armies  of 
tiie  Swiss  confederacy  may  be  in- 
adetiuately  supplied  with  arms,  am- 
munition or  provisions,  and  maj 
be  desirous  of  procuring  supplies 
thereof  from  the  neighbouring  coun* 

IfiSih  J^"  '^^'^^^  *^®  y^^^  utmost  cn- 

deavourt 


STATE      PAPERS. 


67? 


\Bg  wliicLi  tliey  consider  them- 

jtt^iigeii  Lo  confomi  to,  they 

54id  th/B  Helvetic  govern- 

t^tablisheil,  nor  alieiviue  the 

Li  >vhich  tlieir  nation  po^j- 

.  <A  ibrming  a  constilution  for 

right  which  tJu^y  inhcrilctl 

i^li  ancestors,  and  which  was 

.iicil  to  ihem  by  the  treaty  of 

kk-Miif    but,    an   the   con4rary, 

cunvinct.d  that  the  Swiss 

w^i^'  recover  ihi.ir  tranquilHty 

ii  happini's^,  but  in  tlie  ex- 

,jL»A  liiai  lii^iit. 

*«vj    pray  rhiit  the  general  will 

tlu.'  eyes  of  the  first 

i '.;-.:  demand,  which  is 

\pre>sion  of  tlie  senti- 

^i'^!:,  but  of  all  Swiss 

■  to  their  country. 

Aloys  ilcding. 


» ^  ■  I  •  •  1 1 


-.1  to  the  Helvetic  People, 
K  '-ivernment  of  Helvetia, 

ns  of  Helvetia, 

lUicing  to  you,  four  months 

.at  the  French  troops  were 

•  j'lit  our  solUrthe  council  of 

.1  at  the  game  time  declared 

iliat  a  constant  obedience  to 

s.  a  spirit  of  conlidence  and 

iiie  union  of  all  wishes  fpr 

■aintenanee  of  the  established 

of  things^  could  alone  protect 

independence  J  while  tlie  con- 

.   dispositions,  disobedience,  tu- 

..i.    and   discussions,    would    iii- 

»».»]"  ^^rincT  back  a  foreign  army. 

"  attended  to  oyw  words^ 

■■'!vetiai  ambitious  meu 

you  to   embrace  the 

'■   intercuts,  and  their 

.d    wa"'le     one    party 

.  roused   itself  at    their 

erturn  Uie  con^iitiuional 

ii  jrovernmcnt,  tlie  other 


party  l)ecame,  by  its  silence,  an  ac- 
complice in  the  civil  war.  What 
is  the  result?  A  few  wc*eks  have 
scarcely  passed,  when  the  Freud) 
troops,  ten  tunes  more  numerous 
than  tliey  were  last  spring  before 
their  departure,  penetrate  into  your 
cantons;  they  take  from  you  the 
iyms  which  you  have  turned  against 
your  government,  and  tlms  declare 
to  all  Europe  that  you  iue  at  once 
incapable  of  remaining  at  p.eac^, 
and  unworthy  to  protect  yourselves. 
Tell  us  then,  citizens  of  Helvetia, 
to  whom  you  ovve  the  return  of 
these  troops  ?  Is  it  to  the  senate  and 
to  the  council  of  execution,  whose 
fault  was,  on  die  contrary,  to  con- 
sent too  soon  to  their  departure,  and 
whose  whole  stiuly  latterly  tended 
to  prevent,  by  a  trank  and  loyal  ac- 
ceptance of  tlie  mediation  of  the 
cliief  consul,  the  evils  which  we 
had  to  fear  from  his  hidignation  ?  or 
is  it  to  tiie  insurrectional  autho- 
rities, to  the  assembly  which  dig- 
nified itiielf  with  the  name  of  tlu? 
<;onfederate  diet  of  Schwitz  ?  to  that 
assembly  which^  rejecting  the  con- 
ditions of  the  proJx;,sed  mediation, 
promijHng  to  dissolve  itself,  and  not- 
withstanding continuing  its  iii^igues, 
announcing  |K*ace,  and  keeping  the 
soldiers  under  arms,  wi^^liing  that  a 
foreign  forc^  miu;ht  enter  the  coun- 
try, that  they  might  have  it  in  their 
power  to  say,  **  we  yielded  qi.ly  to 
force?"  JMiserable  vanity  I  which 
gratifies  itself  at  tlie  expense  of  a 
whole  nation)  wretched  ebullition 
of  pride  !  calculated  to  precipitate 
the  cmmtry  into  complete  ruin, 
aud  which  it  would  have  done,  if' 
the  geiK^rosity  of  the  chief  consjtl 
had  not  equalled  his  power j  i/ot^ 
withstanding  all  the  elforts  of  his 
enemies,  and  of  yours,  he  had  not 
still  persisted  to  wish  your  telfare. 
Xx4  ^    ■  JioWT 


678        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


peaceably  the  deterniinntion  of  the 
lirst  consul  x  aiul  with  tjjat  order, 
that  mcHkration,  and  tliat  discipline, 
'which  have  hitherto  giiiclid  your 
«teps,  vfiu  will  recvi\i%  ve  are 
convinced,  the  orders  ol'  your  su- 
re! i(;rs,  of  your  gf^neral  ;  and  even, 
if  it  .should  he  necessary,  you  will 
j-eturn  to  vour  rr^idences;  in  or- 
der that  eur  <ounlry  niny  not  be 
exhausted  bv  the  ( entrance  of  fo- 
reign  troops ;  tliat  we  may  not  be 
deprived  of  the  scanty  har\est  of 
this  year,  which  we  hoped  to  eon- 
j'Ume  with  our  children  j  and  tliat 
we  may  not  be  plunged  into  indi- 
gerxe  and  misery.  It  is  only  the 
Hc.b.etic!  government,  direi-ted  by 
its  passions  and  its  ^^rivate  interest, 
that  could  call  in  the  aid  of  foreign 
troojis ;  we,  \slio  took  up  arms  only 
for  our  country  and  tranquillity, 
have  no  need  of  troops  to  attain 
our  object.  Jkit,  relying  on  our 
conduct,  we  d.:re  to  hope,  tliat  the 
iirbt  consul  of  France,  who  has 
guarantied  our  indepc.'u deuce,  and 
Avh(/  has  b(^en  deceived  by  false  re- 

m 

ports,  will,  as  soon  as  he  sliall 
iijive  been  informed  of  the  true 
•State  ui  things,  take  measures, 
wl:i».h  will  secure  our  honour,  and 
thic  prosperity  and  independence  of 
our  countrv.  Alay  the  Almighty 
dei'-n  to  pjant  this,  who  l^.as  caused 
us  I.)  make  an  important  step  to- 
wr.rd.s  our  future  h.appiness,  and 
crowned  our  arms  Avitli  his  benc- 
cii<  tion. 


received  this  evening  authentic  in- 
formation of  tlie  submission  of  the 
diet  of  Switzerland,  assembled  at 
Schwitz,  to  the  Freneji  arms,  I 
lose  no  time  in  dispatching  the  mes- 
senger, Shaw,  \\\\\i  this  intelli- 
gci'.ce -,  from  \^hicll  your  lordship 
will  perceive  tluit  it  only  remains 
for  me  to  obey  that  parr  of^  my  in  • 
St  ructions  by  which  I  am  directed, 
under  such  circumstances,  to  take 
u])  my  residence  in  the  neighbo'ir- 
liood  of  Svv'itzerland,  and  there  to 
await  his  majesty's  further  orders.  "  ' 
1  have  the  honour  to  be,  &e. 
( S i gned )  Frances  Moore, 

The  right  hon.  lord  Tlawkesbuiy, 
Me.  &c. 


DUhfxtch  frtftv  Mr.  JlJonrc  to  Lord 
Hawkcsiurif. 

Omstance,  Oct.  31^  1802. 

M;  I  rd, 

Illa\e  tlie  ]:or.cur  to  inform  your 
lordshi]',   that  I  arrived  here  on 
iiie  2>tii  instant^  and  that,  having 


Note  addresscdy  on  tlie  267/z  of  Oc^ 
tobcr,  hj  the.  Diet  of  Sch(fUz  to 
General  AV^. 

THE  president  of  tlie  confede- 
ral-d  cantor. s  having  be  n  re- 
cjuired,  dw  the  part  of  general  h,vy, 
by  his  adjutant,  M.  Bechet,  to  de- 
clare whether  the  diet  would  ac- 
<:ept  the  proclamation  of  the  first 
(onsul  of  the  French  republic,  the 
fliet  have  the  honour  to  observe  to 
[]\(i  'jcmraly  that  alreadv,  on  the 
J^th  of  this  month,  they  had 
taken  the  resolution  of  delivering 
up  tlicir  ])owers  into  the  hands  of 
their  constituents  as  soon  as  the 
French  troops  should  enter  Swit- 
zerland, jiavins:  never  entertained 
the  design  of  opposing  them  by 
force  of  arms.  Now  that  tl\e  diet 
is  posi lively  informed  that  the  ci- 
ties :A'  ijaUe.  and  Berne  are  occu- 
pied by  French  tro(^ps,  it  no  longer 
delays  to  dissolve  itself  j  ,  at  the 
haine  time,  they  seize  this  oppor- 
tunity of  declaring  to  the  general, 
iliat  OMilormablv  to  tlie  instructions 
they  have  received  from  their  eon- 

stitueiitj 


STATE      PAPERS, 


61$ 


atjtuents,  which  they  consider  them- 
aelves  obliged  to  conform  to,  they 
cannot  regard  the  Helvetic  govein- 
nient  as  Cjitablished,  nor  alieixite  die 
'  sacred  right  which  their  nation  pos- 
sesses, of  forming  a  constitution  for 
itself,  a  right  which  tliey  inhcriled 
frpm  their  ancestors,  and  which  was 
<;orkfirmcd  to  tliem  by  tlie  treaty  of 
Xiuneville^  but,  on  the  contrary, 
are  firmly  convinced  that  the  Swiss 
"will  never  recover  their  tranquillity 
and  their  happiness,  but  in  the  ex- 
ercise of  that  right. 

They  pray  that  the  general  will 
place  before  tlie  eyes  of  tlie  first 
<:onsul,  this  just  demand,  which  is 
^ot  only  the  expression  of  tlie  senti- 
^nents  of  the  diet,  but  of  all  Swiss 
w^ho  wish  well  to  their  country. 

Aloys  Reding. 


Proclamation  to  the  Helvetic  People, 
Jrom  the  Government  of  Helvetia. 

Citizens  of  Helvetia, 

IN  announcing  to  you,  four  months 
ago,  that  the  French  troops  were 
about  to  quit  our  soll,.tiie  council  of 
^execution  at  the  same  time  declared 
to  you,  that  a  constant  obedience  to 
^e  laws,  a  spirit  of  contidence  and 
peace,  tlie  union  of  all  wishes  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  established 
order  of  things,  could  alone  protect 
your  independence ;  while  the  con- 
Irar)'  dispositions,  disobedience,  tu- 
njult  and  discussions,  would  in- 
fallibly bring  back  a  foreign  army. 
You  have  not  attended  to  oiu*  u^ords, 
citizens  of  Helvetia  1  anil)itii>riS  men 
have  induced  you  to  embrace  ti)e 
cause  of  Uieir  interests,  and  their 
passions  3  and  wiiUe  one  party 
amongst  you  roused  itself  at  theu- 
calling  to  overturn  the  constitiuional 
and  national  ::overnmcnt,  the  other 


party  became,  by  its  silence,  an  ac- 
complice in  the  civil  war.  What 
is  the  result  ?  A  few  weeks  have 
scarcely  passed,  when  the  French 
troops,  ten  tunes  more  immerous 
than  they  were  last  spring  before 
their  departure,  penetrate  into  your 
cantons;  diey  take  from  you  the 
arms  which  you  have  turned  against 
your  government,  and  dms  declare 
to  all  Europe  that  you  ai*e  at  once 
incapable  of  remaining  at  ^.eace, 
and  unworthy  to  protect  yourselves. 
Tell  us  then,  citizens  of  Helvetia, 
to  whom  you  owe  the  returb  of 
these  troops  ?  Is  it  to  the  senate  and 
to  the  coimcil  of  execution,  whose 
tauh  was,  on  die  contrary,  to  con- 
sent too  soon  to  tfieir  departure,  and 
whose  whole  study  latterly  tended 
to  prevent,  by  a  trank  and  loyal  ac- 
ceptance of  the  metliation  of  the 
cliief  consul,  the  evils  which  we 
had  to  i'ear  from  his  indignation  ?  or 
is  it  to  tlie  insurrectional  autho- 
rities, to  die  assembly  which  dig- 
nified itself  with  the  name  of  tlu? 
confederate  diet  of  Sch witz  ?  to  that 
assembly  which,  rejecting  the  con- 
ditions of  tl»e  pronged  mediation, 
promising  to  dissolve  itself,  and  not- 
withstanding continuing  its  intrigues, 
announcing  peace,  and  keeping  the 
soldiers  under  arms,  wisliing  that  a 
foreign  force  mii;ht  enter  the  cojan- 
try,  that  they  might  have  it  in  their 
power  to  say,  **  we  yielded  0,1  dy  to 
force?"  Miserable  vanity i  which 
gratifies  itself  at  the  expense  of  a 
whole  nation 3  wretched  ebullition 
of  pride  !  calculated  to  precipitate 
the  country  into  complete,  ruin, 
aud  which  it  would  have  done,  if' 
the  generosity  of  the  chief  consfij 
had  not  equalled  his  power 3  vfA-; 
withstanding  all  the  ellbrts  of  his 
enemies,  and  of  youis,  he  Ji«d  not 
still  persisted  to  wish  your,  welfare. 
.   X  X  4  ^    ■  JioWT 


6  so 


ANNUAL    R  E  G  I S  T  J:  R,  1 802. 


<\ 'ipr ;; ;.;   « ;-.i-{  liii' n  is  inlurnKJ  c-t 
i! .  tl:^'  iiHn.!^«T^<'irtiia»  seciilir/Lis  a^- 
vtn■ii.iy,  :.irl  til'.-  <  I  iiim'.ttces  v.  Li'h 
it  iJiJvl  t'-*:;ljl!-jjtcl   in   the  earner.-., 
lint  (f-iin  lit  wiili  h n ii::r  o^n-iC-crated, 
in  itjiir.A  ]  rof-s'aTi^-nw,  tl;oir  lccl.?:i 
prt-tv:  siui.r,  <'.]\  -ak  'n  ii^.McLui  liiL* 
people   rc->;x'ctiiiL^  lin-,:-   n:.l    sitv.Li- 
ti;D.  lo  s;>rLad  t'l.Ni  licp<.s  of  foreign 
ir.LCoar,  V)  frijinn  Uu-m  by  r:t- 
ii.irf>,  :.rA  to  Klio  the  iiiti-ntioiis  in 
Avhich  il:-v'  Hel^  L''ii«"  g«)\cniinent  ad- 
drcBit'd  it<U  to  il^.e  chitf  consiiJ,  to 
ir.virc  hini  to  makt*  himself  the  su- 
preme arbiter  of   our   dililTcnces. 
But    \\c    will    answer  lhc>e   men, 
that  tli'^y  likewise  linve  invoked  that 
med  i  a  I  i  f  'H .     Tli  c !  titers  of  th  e  ch  icfs 
of  thir  i:::le  canti^rs  to  the  ehief  eon- 
siil,  v.vA  t.'  the  mini>tcr-  of  France  5 
the  J)I:ji;s  of  const iturion  on  which 
ti>.  y  c;p;.r.jy  called  for  their  g(X)d  ot- 
fices :   thi-  aendini^  deputies  to  Pari^, 
tire   -o   n\iny   prt;ofs  <'f  the  desire 
vhith  the^-  h?A  of  interotina:  ilx* 
Fn  !:«h  £fov"iT:""'.ent  in  their   cause. 
It  u::i  (  nly  r^licn   the  lirst  consul 
h.id   previt)u*]y  demandid  and   cx- 
::■  :•  d  the  ci  "-^at'on  of  a  war  which 
iiriu.d  citizens  against  citi/.ei-s,  and 
l/.-(ith{Ts  ar^ainst  bn  thei-,   that  they 
T(  j ec  1 '.  d   the   medi a i ii  m  >o i  ici  n.\\  by 
t\..  r.iselves,    and   which   they   then 
:-ri fully  turned  for  the  purpo-e  of 
i::rr(asini;  th<'  r.uinbrr  of  their  par- 
lL/..«n<.     We  will  tell  them  agiiin, 
Ui.it  iiw  I-  h.ive  called  for  the  mtdia- 
tii.i'  «ii'  liu-  lir^t  consul,  it  U  because, 
of  :;m  il:  •  pcweis  callt-d  by  their  po- 
.•-•ii.)!!  !ntak<*an  interest  in  the  eles- 
ti:ii(«»of  Helveti.1,  France  is  the  only 
«.iu- which  has  n.'cognized  t)iir  in- 
ci-O'iidcnee,     con^ecn.ied,     by     its 
iiv?;>,    in  a    sohmn    treaty:     the 
<':iiy«:'ne  which  can  exercise  over  us 
::n  inflirxe  of  protection  and  sup- 
[oru     Xiti  hibtur)'  of  Switzerland 


for  live  rf-nt'irips,  out  revolr.tion." 
and  thf-  v:  .:r.^  which  hrvc  sucreedrd' 
ir,  sui"iu  icnt'y  pier,?  hcv  much  it 
i>  onr  interi-it  to  follow  the  pciliiiral 
•-y- rem  of  France.  It  is  this  truth 
v.liiih.  e!Ji.Tavcd  on  the  hearts  of 
orr  anec-tf  r<,  protected  the  cradle 
ol"  the  rnn federation :  and  w?,  ci- 
i:z:.n^  'f  the  Helvetic  republic,  haA*e 
a  tiiousand.  times  more  reason  still 
to  be  convinced  of  ii.  Lastlv,  we 
wii;  say  no  longer  ;o  these  men,  for 
they  w  ill  not  understand  us,  but  to 
the  nation  itself,  that  the  equality 
of  rii:his  among=t  the  cantons,  the 
abolition  if  hereditary  privileges, 
tlic  liberty  (jf  the  citizen*,  being  a 
deposit  placed  in  our  hands  to  be 
prtsened  at  any  pice,  it  was  not 
permitted  to  us  to  waver  res])eriing 
calling  for  the  mediation  of  the  only 
government  which  can  pre.>»erve  to 
Us  tiu  -e  principles,  llius.  our  con- 
duct in  this  respect  has  been  only-  • 
the  nt:ce--a!y  con.^equence  of  thft- 
national  will,  expressed  in  favour  of 
these  same  principles  at  the  tim^  of 
the  accept.«n(  (•  at  the  constitution. 
Such  is  the  answer  whieli  th'^  coun- 
cil of  ex*  cut  ion  owes  te  that  part  of 
the  accu-ations  ofitsenemie**.  With 
ngard  t(»  tlie  other  accusations  by 
which  it  isattempteil  to  raise  against 
them  a  factious  liate,  they  dt  spisc 
them,  well  knowing  that  they  can-  - 
not  cite  a  single  family  of  Avhich 
it  has  cat'.sed  tlie  niin,  or  a  single 
person  in  whom  the  ricrhls  of  a  ci- 
tizen  ha\e  bien  violated.  It  is,  on' 
the  contrary,  for  having  been  too 
indulgent,  tt^'*  confident  in  the  jus- 
tice of  its  ft  How-citizens,  too  little 
severe,  in  .short,  liiat  it  has  exjxj- 
rienced  misfortunes.  The  insurrec- 
tional authtuilies  ordered  in  four 
weeks  ten  times  more  arrests,  odi- 
ous inquests,  and  measures  of  rigour 
of  every  kind,  than  it  liad  ordered 

during 


S  T  A  T-E      PAPERS. 


681 


during  the  whole  course  of  its  exist- 
ence.— Citizens   of  Helvetia!    you 
will  be  requ'ured  to  furnish  extraor- 
<linary  contributions  for  the  support 
of  tlie  troops  which  your  insurrec- 
tion havejcaused  to  enter  your  coun- 
try.    Submit  yourselves  to  a  ne(  es- 
sity  which  you  cannot  taj^  witli  in- 
justice; op(2n  your  hearts  to  disposi- 
tions of  fraternity  and  social  order } 
it  is  the  only  means  of  abridging  the 
period  of  your  misfortunes.     Show 
yourselves,   in  short,  worthy  to  be 
caDed  a  nation,  and  you  will  be- 
come one.     Bonaparte  only  desires 
to  have  Mill  the  power  of  interest- 
iBg  himself  in  your  destinies.     For 
us,   citizens,   thanks  to  tlie  care  of 
this  generous  mediator,  our  task  will 
soon  be  tinished.    Returned  into  the 
class    of    private   individuals    with 
those  wlio  have  so  cruelly  calum- 
niated our  conduct,  we  shall  be  al- 
ways reiidy  to  answer  their  imputa- 
tions.    Uencetbnh  there  is  no  sa- 
crifice ti;  which  we  are  not  resigned, 
if  it  can  only  be  profitable  to  our 

countrv. 

Done  at  Berne,  Nov.  3,  1S02. 


Dispatch  from  Lord  Hawhcslury  to 
Mr,  Moore. 

J)ownbfg-strcet,  Nov.  25,  1802. 

bir, 
T  HvW^E  duly  received  your  several 

letters  by  the  messenger  Shaw. 

As  from  the  present  state  of 
Switzerland,  your  continuance  on 
the  vicinity  of  tliat  country  appears 
to  be  no  longer  necessary,  you  are 
at  liberty  to  return  to  England  as 
soon  as  it  may  suit  your  conveni- 
ence. 

I  am,  &:c. 

(Signed)  Hawkcsbur}'. 

Francis  Moore^  esq. 


The  General  in  Chief  to  the  Minister 
of  the  Marine. 

Head  Quarters  at  the  Cape, 
Ftb.  (). 

T  Leave  to  admiral  Villaret  to  give 
you  the  details  of  bur  pMssage, 
We    made    Oape    Frantjois  (;n    ihc 
29th  of  January,  and  the  tlirien  nt 
squadrons  fn no  Brc^t,  I/Ori(  nt,  and 
llochefort,  were  ht^rc  united.     The- 
Syren  frigate,   which    the  admiral, 
had   sent  to  Guadalou|V',  came  tnT 
inform    us    of    tlie    insurrectional, 
movements  which  had  taken  place  .  • 
in  that  colony. 

On.  the  30l1i,  general  Ker\erseiiu 
was  detached  wiih  a  large  s(iuadron 
to  Santo  Domingo.  On  the  31st, 
the  admiral  sent  lor  pilots  to  Monte 
Christi.  These  pilots  assured  us, 
that  Toussaint  was  disposed  to  re- 
ceive us  in  a  friendly  manner. 

Feb.  1.  Rear-admiral  Latouche 
having  on  board  his  squadron  u  di- 
vision of  the  army  under  the  orders 
of  general  Boudet,  steered  for  Port 
Republicain  (Port-au-Prince),  in 
order  to  occupy  the  southern  dis- 
trict. , 
2d.  Captain  Magen,  having  on- 
board of  his  division  general  Ro- 
chambeau,  with  a  body  of  troops,. 
steered  for  I'ort  Liberty  (Fort  Dau- 
phin) J  but  the  calm  prevented  him 
from  eiUering  the  port. 

3d.  At  seven  o'clock  in  the  morn- . 

ing  he  effected  his    disembarkation 

at  Manccnille;  OOO  men  had  just'. 

landed,  and  put  themselves  in  order,, 

of  battle,   when  a  cloud  of  blacks ' 

poured   down  upon   them,   caUing 

out,    ^' No   whiles!    No   whites!" 

In  vain  did  our  men  make  signs  of 

fraternity  to  them ;  it  was  necessary 

to  attack  them,     lliey  were  soon 

routed  and  dispersed. 

General 


682 


ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1802. 


General  Brunct,  ^vlio  rnmnianded 
the  advanced  jziianl,  (  ntcrcd  with 
jrhc  tiigili\("s  into  tliv  forts  of  Alice 
i?iid  BoiiqiK^  and  took,  tlu-m  hand 
to  liand,  after  a  dcsperrite  n'i>i.st- 
a»i<.-e.  At  ihc  r-ainc  iKstant,  captain 
IViaiTiMi  entered  the  nuids,  and  was 
received  by  cannon-hhol  from  the 
tort.  The  blacks,  howrvcr,  vcrc 
foon  compelled  toiiy,  andoiv  troops 
Tb^"e^v  tlumsclvcs  into  tJie  ships' 
lv?nt>,  and  entered  by  the  embr.1- 
&ircs. 

At  Fort  I/iberty  (Fori  Dauphin) 
and  the  neigldionrhood,  we  found 
150  T)ieces  of  cannon.  We  found 
inno!)<^  llic  papers  of  the  crjmmand- 
ant  of  the  j)lace,  an  onler  of  Tous- 
^ai^t  sO  sink  the  vessels  v.hich  aj)- 
jiroachcd,  and  to  hold  ojit  to  the  labt 
♦'Xtrcmity.  The  lifih  light  infantrj' 
/haintained  its  former  repiitaiion. 
llrntrals  rvoeliami^eau  and  ik"unct, 
-AW'l  cap:ain  iViagcn,  greatly  dis- 
tinoui->hed  themselves.  Citizen  La- 
<:halre,  side -de- camp  to  c^eneraj 
ih;cluimbeau.  a  captain  of  carabi- 
neers, and  twelve  soldiers,  were  kil- 
led, and  forty  Avoiinded. 

J  have  requested  admiral  Villaret 
to  niakc  captain  I\Iagen  a  rearr 
adnjiral. 

On  the  second  I  arrived  with  the 
fit'iuiral  aiid  tlic  main  body  of  the 
xycw\y  before  Vort  Ticcok^t.  I  con- 
formed myse^lf  to  the  gcr.cral  plan 
of  llic  expedition.  Two  fpgates 
carrie.l  the  proclaniaii('n  of  the  first 
o)nsui.  A  cutff-r  approached  the 
battery  of  i^iccolct,  made,  its  way 
t.'.rr.'.snli  ilif.  lire,  and  ancih.red  in 
t.:,e  rea^:.  alihou<i[i  tlie  buv/,s  liad 
been  taken  up. 

At  three  o'clock,  Langes,  a  man 
'•■f  c(^li)ur,  who  acted  a.->  captain  of 
the  port  at  the  Cape,  came  onboard 
uie  ailmiral.  He  tokl  us  that  ^^ne- 
\A  Cluistophe  lud  sent  a  courier  lo 


Toussaint,  to  request  orders,  and 
that  till  the  arrival  of  an  answer,  he 
w  ould  meet  the  squadron  with  can- 
non, burn  the  city,  and  massacre 
Uie  whites. 

I  Replied  to  general  Christophe ; 
and  citi/xn  Lebrun,  aide-de-canip  to 
admiral  Villaret,  carried  my  letter. 
A  deputation  of  the  municipality  of. 
tlie  Ca[»e  arrived  during  these  trans- 
actions, conjuring  me  to  take  pity 
on  tlie  untbrtunal-e  situation  of  the 
inhabitants.  I  could  ea&ily  perceive, 
froiii  what  they  told  me,  that  tlie 
lot  of  these  wretched  people  was 
decided ;  that  they  wished  to  gain 
time,  but  that  the  ali'air  could  only 
be  determined  by  the  sword.  In 
this  cruel  alternative  there  remained 
with  Uie  only  one  ji^an  to  be  pur- 
sued j  which  was,  to  disembark,  at 
s(>me  leagues  from  tlie  Cape,  and 
to  manh  to  the  heights  behind  the 
Cape,  while  general  Rochambeai}. 
gained  the  heights  of  St.  Suzanne, 
Dcnidon,  and  Grande  lliviere.  I 
was  certain  by  this  measure  to  save 
the  beautiful  plantations  w  hicli  sur- 
round the  Cape,  and  I  had  cvca 
liopes  of  saving  tliat  beautiful  and 
hnportiiRt  city. 

A  calm  retarded  t!ie  course  of  the 
light  vessels,  on  board  of  which  I 
had  embarked.  At  three  o'clock 
I  arrived  at  PortMargot.  The  de- 
barkation was  edected  near  that  at 
lan.)e.  The  enemy  had  a  battery 
there,  and  received  us  with  a  dis- 
charge of  artiller)'  j  but  our  soldier* 
ni'bed  on  shore  with  so  much  ra- 
pidity, that  they  sustained  no  los». 
I  afterwards  set  forward  to  put  my 
designs  in  execution.  All  the  set- 
tleme'its  were  deserted.  The  set- 
:lcrs  had  tiken  to  tiight.  They  had 
been  made  to  be'lieve  the  most  ab- 
surd and  opposite  reports.  They 
liad  been  told  that  the  squadron  was 

composed 


STATE      PAPERS. 


^l 


pomposed  of  Spaniards  and  English, 
who  had  come  to  con(]uer  the  is- 
land,  and  put  them  all  lo  ihc  sword. 
A  two  o- clock  I  arrived  at  Salt^e, 
at  the  bottom  of  the  bi\v  of  Acul, 
wrh  my  advanced  fniard.  It  was 
n«>t  long  before  1  learnt  that  general 
Christophe  was  poste^l  with  his 
tro<»i><  at  Mount  English,  half  a 
le.\''ac  li\>ni  us.  General  Hardy 
Willi  ills  division  marched  thither  j 
and  al>out  half  a  league  further,  in 
die  direction  of  the  Cape,  he  met 
she  incendiaries,  who  were  on  the 
way  to  burn  the  settlements.  In 
the  mean  time  the  general  IickI 
prdered  several  \essels  to  approach 
the  harbour,  and  had  also  landed 
CCiieral  Humbert  at  tlie  head  of  a 
body  of  troops. 

I  marched  to  the  height  of  die 
Cape  in  order  to  put  an  end  to  a 
fire  kept  up  between  oi;r  disembark- 
ed troops  and  the  blacks  The  bri- 
gands had  set  tire  to  the  Cape,  by 
gene/al  Chrisiophc's  orders.  By 
the  united  efibrts  of  the  squadron, 
the  fire  was  put  a  stop  to. 

Since  my  arrival  here,  I  have  been 
employed  in  reorganizing  this  city, 
and  restoring  it  to  order. 

I  have  named  the  brave  black, 
Telemachus.  to  be  mayor.  He  did 
all  he  could  to  put  a  stop  lo  the 
mischief.  Tlio  negroes  attempted  to 
kill  him,  but  uiw  troops  arrivtnl  in 
thne  to  rescue  1  run  out  ot  their  hands. 
The  plain  on  the  north,  the  (juar- 
lers  of  Limbc  and  Acul,  and  all  be- 
tween the  river  of  Massacres  and 
Lirnbe,  remain  untouched.  The 
inhabitants  carried  away  by  Chris- 
tophe arc  returning.  Wherever  I 
«o  ihroudi  the  citv  and  its  environs 
J  obserse  the  people  smiling,  hi 
spite  of  their  immense  losses.  They 
think  dieseof  no  account,  now  that 
y  lln^y    are   for   e\a"  dcli\ered  from 


the  horrible  t^Tanny  of  die  feroci-- 
ons  Africans.  Two  expeditions  aiQ 
on  dieir  march  to  occupy  the  Port 
de  Paix  and  the  Mole.  I  have  al- 
ready embodied  12,000  blacks. 

I  lla^  e  not  yet  received  the  details 
of  the  expedition  to  Port  Republipain 
(Port-au-Prince).  I  only  know  by 
report,  that  our  troops  have  entered 
that  town. 

I  have  learned  nothing  whatever 
of  the  expedition  to  Santo  Dommgo 
and  Aux  Cayes. 

In  spite  of  the  atrocitj'^  of  Tous- 
saint's  conduct,  I  did  not  wish  to 
depart  from  the  general  instructions 
of  the  first  consul.  J  have  sent  him 
his  children,  widi  a  letter  from  the 
hrst  magistrate  of  the  French  re- 
public. 1  have  given  him  to  un- 
derstand that  J  will  tike  upon  my- 
self to  receive  his  submission.  Oa 
the  14di  I  shall  march  to  Gonai'ves, 
to  form  a  junction  widi  the  division 
disembark(xl  at  Port  Republicaia 
(Port-au-Prince). 

I  cannot  enough  commend  the 
conduct  of  admiral  Villaret.  His 
experience  lias  enabled  us  to  act 
in  the  most  difficult  circumstances. 
His  only  aim  is  the  success  of  the 
expedition,  to  rescue  from  the  fero- 
cious Africans  this  colony,  die  fruit 
of  200  years  of  labour  and  prospe- 
rity, ayid  which  will  be  a  lasting 
rnonnmcnt  of  the  danger  of  aha  tract 
notions  and  vain  theories  in  matters 
of  government,  I'lie  Spanish  squa- 
dron has  assisted  us  in  such  a  man- 
ner, as  to  call  for  a  special  acknow- 
ledoriiient  to  admiral  Gravina  from 
the  first  consul.  I  have  to  complahi 
bitterly  of  tlic  want  of  engineers  :  1 
have  not  one  superior  ctiicer.  The. 
minister  of  war  had  ordered  die 
generals  of  brigade,  Carnot,  as  well 
as  Quentin,  Beauvert,  Calonne,  and 
Poligne^  to  repair  hidier  3  but  none 

.    of 


t^r,        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1S02. 


On  *!■'*! -.: \\r* " m-  'F'-ljr'-'.arv 20) 

tn/l 


*"  !;''  "^ 
I . 


I.  « .;:v  •  ::  r:-=-  '  ::tc(1 


li^    rf    I;.'*    '■"^ ;!T" '!' 


1^: 

tlj'r  c' ":  :r.".  v. .. 

tv.rr.   '■]:':  '-r*rij- 

*    •■_    .:j    ■....'.. 

v.'-r-^-  r  '.r r-^ , .. xf. Tf: d  V,  •  •  ? i  ti". ti -Ti'/*  gr--.! 
l)"^i •'•■;;,    it   '^■:KiK'''tf\   tvi'--!:*''-tO'.ir 

•  r*:i"-.    <  •-,  /■  Y' ''  •'•*♦■  T^' •^'^^r'■'\"»'f■ 

ti**     t«. -■■<■■»    ♦.      '.-    .'      I    --'t     T-»-  " 'I  _  ■       it      ^wt: 

r ,:  or  ■ .  ■  f; I  f:  r  1 '  I  ». '  •'  1 1  > y  f  1  le  u  1  lol e  fon  ».* 
nf  r?:':  Hr  1-  'fllmr'tl  tf.cr'Hl-cr 
r.irr.-^'.t.  J«  ■•fii '  ffl,  however,  a 
re:;-  ■;::  i:j  i '■)-,■  v<;'J«'1  f»rdcr.  Geiu-r.;! 
Tyv'.yr]]'-  I'ii'i  :jd\:iinj':d  to  favour  its 
runt  ions. 

])or.-.It.-t*.s  ci'.  ■■-''^ri,  on  s^tiinc:  ov»t 
from   IV/r!-au-rrinf c,   ni:ii\^?-il    t(>- 
Warus    tlj^  Croix-'.'cs-TJrHKir.c  ts.    to 
"uliich  tl.'-   Il!)v.1->  s<-t  firr  rui  se  rir;j 
him  rin]jrf>:icli.     General  Dc<s:il:ri!s 
v/Ijocominai.Jf.vi  jt  iliis  point,  niriclc 
^.  faint  to  retreat  to  the  Montacjnt^ 
Ci<  s   Grand^-Hois :    but  by   a  rapid 
iiiarcli,   lie  ?/lvnnred  towards  Lt'o- 
eanc  after  p:i-si!i<T  by  tlir^  iSIontagnc- 
Ntiirr.    I  brjcl  lett  orders  for  general 
Boudet  to  di-patch  a  frigate  to  take 
po.-s.essionof  Leogane,  but  his  forces 
wen?  unable  ut  pn  ^erve  the  toMn, 
■\vhirii  D(NSLMincs  had  ordered  to  be 
?;et  on  fire.    From  thence  Dessiilines 
advanced    against     Jacmel,     from 
\A  hen(\''  he  addressed  a  letter  to  me, 
sio-nod  bv  all  tlir  inhabitants  of  the 


m^/it   cf  T':.:>".i:rA  and  I/.s  ad!it-I 

G- Tirr.':  F-  ■.:''~t,  who  was  awafe 
^ f    ! '.It   : r :-:::::: s    of   gc neral    La 
ri ■.;"■:•:■.  v.  !■■  --iv ironed  the  Mnuhern 
cirtric:  !'  rv.:::-.:t  to  the  French  go- 
ver:.rrr;i*.  ^::'!i.ur  think  it  expedient 
to  d'.f  .:rt  f:  ■  :n  tl.;n  interesting  quar* 
*'r.     H--   ^MMtvhed   ihifher    1500 
ni'-n  VTui'  ?  tr.-.  rorimand  of  adjutant 
Dnib..--;,  if.  or?rr  to  force  general 
J>-v-.::'::e.«-  to  retreat.,  and  to  deict- 
ic :i!.r  the  «';bmi--i'>n  of  sfeneral  La 
Pl'^ine.      Tr.is   mej?iire   saved  the 
'^''ntl.'Tn   d-i:ic».       Des^alines   re- 
tre;::id  wjrli  hi-:  followers  into  the 
Cir.imK-IvMH,  md  general  La  Plume 
stiir  me  a  eerriJicate  of  his  submis- 
>ion.     Since  that  time  I  have   re-^ 
celved    IV)    communications    from 
general  B-nida  :  I  am  only  inform- 
td,  that  tl:e  fl:^y  before  yesterday  he 
«  nti  red  Saint  Mark,  which  hefoiuxi 
in  pnrt  cor.  •uniod  by  tire. 

On  the  Isr  Vcntose  the  ditfcnent 
divisi(ins  rf-maincd  in  their  respec- 
tive pnsiiions.  On  the  30ih  the 
weather  was  abominable,  and  con* 
tinned  so  till  the  lirst. 

On  the  2d,  Desfourneaux's  dtvi- 
sion  advanced  within  two  leagues  of 
Plaisancc.  Hardy's  division  took 
possession  of  Ennery  with  the  bayo^ 
net,  as  usual.  This  post  was  also 
defended  by  Christophc,  who  had' 
under  him  100()  troops  of  the  line? 
and  J  200  cultivators.  I  learned  thai 
geneial  Chri^iophe  had  retreated  to 
the  Plantation  Bayonnai :  I  iramedi- 
ately  ordered  general  Hardy  (6  dis- 


connnune,  in  v.hich  these  wretches  patch  thither  the  brigade  of  general 

cxpresseil     their    regret     at     being  Salm.      This   brigade,    which    had 

Under  llu^  b:irbnr()us  and  ferocious  peiiormed  a  very  fatiguing  march 

governnunt   of  To\issaJnt.     Never  on  tlu-  2d,  continued,  ncvcrtholess; 

were  head^  cu  coif  with  more  facility  to  marcli  the  whole  of  tlie  night; 

fit  Coiiblahtinoplc,  or  bastinadoings  and,  on  break  of  day  of  the  3d,  car- 

bcistowed  with  more  generosity,  than  ried    the   position   of   Christophe. 

at  bt,  Domingo  under  the  govern-  They,  moreover,  made  considerable 

booty. 


&  J.  A  i  i- 


D       ^  r   ^    ' 


^ 


foroRi^  tlir.t  shc-licr  the  r:r:"!jv=.  -  .  i 
who  possessc'l,  v  Iiviirif;  \".  ■.■:.-:•: - 
pulsed,  a  Srcure  ist:-;-*  i:-  -1 - 
Monies.  Tl-r  l-o"»t.N  v.!i.-:!i  I  -- 
dercd  to  avlw.Uvv  i.  .v.-.  i:.  •-^■- 
of  the  p(Jiiii('n>  v  I.ii.h  I  had  c"^-"i- 
tlicm  orders  U)  t::ke. 

Oil  the  'ii)th,  gent  ral  De^r"  ;r- 
iu*aux"s  division  t*>ok  ^^  po^;i:^»n  :"jt:J.r 
Plaisanoe  :  Hardy".s  ih\ision  pi>*'.-i 
themselvi^  -at  Dumlw.hi  :  and  il  .- 
chamlieair^  at  St.  Ri.phaLd.  Th'-^e 
three  divihiv):i-=i  discDrtitiU'd  the  n:-- 
my  in  aii  dirrriiuns,  wiih  the  -it  .u- 
cst  impetuosity.  Oiv^  nir.-rr  i-.-  rv- 
quainted  wiih  the  coii'.\.: . ,  ir.  «;;.i-T 
to  form  a  eompoteni.  \v\k\\  y  \  i;.-  ..']'- 
ficnUics  tluit  afo  U)  be  ^::\i...  :-,  .  v. .■; 
in  every  enco-inur.  1  •:\y-^v'.^D:-: 
noiliinir  in  the  Ah^i  to  ht-  vjiv.::..:-:: 
\ir'itl\  them. 

On  tJic  30di,  i:).  fD-^r-.:::'.:-/;.  '.'- 
visit)n  pcsred  tlieir-  ■/>(  >.  .it  V-./.-- 
ance,  without  meclir.f;-  v  ■:.':  any  i  '.- 
-stack.  This  distriet  wa-^  ei  Mirjian-'-'i 
by  J.  V 


•esnil. 


i'.  1 


'■.n 


ir.i 


Wl      t   A- 


•,  \vl:o  toc'k  liiL*  jir.; 
1   parley  with 
He  had  unt^viiif 
ivalrv 
ested 


I. . 


•    -••■ 


f-: 


Jt*- 


,■4.1 


^ 


'/-: 


f- 


-'■jj-r  ^ 


-  '  ''^  •"  el  '*     •      lir 


[1 

It 

iL  ~ 

to 

ot 
oni 
I  y  a 

ting 
;rs<ni 
widi 


is'^G         ANNUAL    REGISTER,    180^. 


On  \he  1  St  AVntose  (February  20) 
general  UcbcUe  proceeded  to  attack 
general  Mar.repas ;  but  a  dreadful 
tall  of  rain  wliieh  <anie  oh  pre\entod 
the  column  viii^h  was  intended  to 
turn  tlie  enenij-'s  position  from  ar- 
riving in  time.    Thie  columns  which 
attacked   the,  front  of  the   position 
were-  o\en)o^Tred  with  fritigne  and 
«:ould  not  carry  it  \  and  as  to  tlie  co- 
lumn that  was  to  turn  thc^  enemy's 
position,    it  employed   iwent^^-four 
hours  in  executing  that  mananivre, 
having  been  o1)st rusted  in  its  rnarrh 
by  torrents  aiid  bad  roads ;  it  was 
moreover  attacked  by  the  whole  force 
of    the    reb'  k    collected    togethet* 
against  it.     Jt  efi"e(led,   however,  a 
retreat  in  verv  (;ood  order.    General 
DelxHle  had  advanced  to  favour  its 
motions. 

J^oudet's  division,  on  setting  out 
from  Port-au-Prince,  marched    to- 
wards  the  Croix- dcs-Eouqucts,    to 
"which  die  rebels  set  fiiT.  on  seeding 
him  approach.     General  Dessalines, 
v/lio  commanded  at  tliis  point,  made 
r\  faint  to  retreat  to  the  Montagne 
d(  s   Grands-}>ois :    but  by   a  rapid 
march,   he  advanced  towards  Leo- 
gane  after  ])assi!ig  by  the  Montagi\e- 
-Noire.    I  had  left  orders  for  general 
Boudet  to  dispatch  a  frigates  to  take 
po-sessionof  Ix"Ogane,  but  his  forces 
wen^  unable  to  preserve  the  town, 
which  Dt^ssalines  had  ordered  to  be 
set  on  fire.    From  thence  Dessalines 
advanced    against     Jacmel,     from 
v^  hence  he  addressed  a  letter  to  me, 
signed  bv  all  tiie  inhabitants  of  the 
commune,  in  which  these  \^  retches 
expressed    their    regret     at    being 
tinder  tJie  barbarous  and  ferocious 
crovernnunt   of  Tonssaint.     Never 
were  liead.s  cue  olf  with  more  facility 
at  Constantinople,  or  bastinadoings 
bestowed  with  more  generosity,  than 
at  St.  Domingo  under  the  govern- 


ment of  Tbuslsnint  anil  his  adift* 
rents. 

Gt  heral  Eoudet,  who  was  awate 
of    the   intentions    of   general   La 
Plume,  who  .smmnoned  the  southern 
district  to  submit  to  the  French  go-^ 
vernrnent,  ch'd  not  think  it  expedient 
to  depart  from  that  interesting  (quar- 
ter.    He   dispatched   thither   150C> 
men  under  the  toniitiand  of  adjutant 
Daibois,  in  order  to  force  general 
Dessalines  to  retreat,  and  to  deter- 
inilie  the  submission  of  general  La 
Phune.      This   measure   saved  the  T 
southern   district.       Dessalines  re- 
treated with  his  followers  into  the 
Cirands-l^ois,  and  general  La  Plume 
sent  me  a  certificate  of  his  submis- 
sion.    Since  that  time  I  have   re-^ 
ceived    no    communications    froni 
general  Boudtt :  I  am  only  infonw- 
cd,  that  the  day  before  yesterday  be 
entered  Saint  Mark,  which  he  found 
in  part  Consumed  by  hre. 

Ch\  the  ]  St  Ventose  the  different 
divisions  remained  in  their  respec*  . 
tive  positions.     On    the   30th    thfe 
weather  was  abominable,  and  con*" 
tinned  so  till  the  first. 

On  the  2d,  Desfburncaux's  dtvi-. 
sion  advanced  within  two  leagues  of 
Plaisance.      Hardy's    division   took 
possession  of  Ennery  with  the  bayo^ 
net,  as  usual.     This  post  was  alsoi 
defended  by  Christophc,  who  had' 
under  him  i(XX)  troops  of  liie  liner 
and  1200  cultivators.    Ilearnedthat 
genei-al  Christophe  had  retreated  to 
the  Plantation  Bayonnai :  I  iramedi* 
ately  ordered  general  Hardy  to  dis- 
patch thithei*  the  brigade  of  general " 
Salm.      Ihis  brigade,   which   had 
performed  a  very  fatiguing  march 
on  thi'  2d,  continued,  nevertheless, 
to  march  the  whole  of  the  night; 
and,  on  break  of  day  of  the  3d,  car- 
ried   the   position   of   Christophe. 
They,  moreover,  made  considerable 

bootv. 


STATE      PAPERS. 


6S7 


booty,  having  got  possession  of  a 
depot  belonging  to  the  rebels. 

On  the  3d,  Rochambean's  dlvU 
8ion  posted  itself  at  the  head  of  the 
Bavine-il-Couleavre,  which  leaver 
the  Coupe-a-Linde  to  the  left,  and 
the  Moines,  where  Christophe  had 
entrenched  himself,  to  the  right. 
On  the  same  day,  general  Desfour- 
neaux  came  and  posted  himself  be- 
fore Ennery,  where  general  Hardy 
also  assembled  his  division. 

On  the  4th,  Desfourneaux's  divi- 
sion marched  to  Coupc-iVPintade, 
ivhere  they  fell  in  with  the  enemy. 
I  had  9rdered  that  division  to  be 
suppc^tcd  by  Desplancjuci's  and 
Hardy's  brigade-  General  Dosfour- 
xi^aux  attacked  tlie  enemy,  and 
drove  them  to  GonaiVes,  which  had 
been  burnt  two  days  before.  The 
^licniy   being    vigorously    pursued 

^  could  no  longer  make  head,  but  re- 
treated towards  the  river  lister, 
leaving  200  men  killed  upon  tlic 
iield  ot  battle. 

,  Salm's    brigade,     belonging    to 

Hardy's  division,  came  the  same 
day  and  took  its  pusition  at  the 
Pitcau,  in  face  of  La  Coupe-^- 
Pintade. 

On  the  same  day  tlie  division  of 
Hochambeau  enteitd  the  Ravine-A- 
Couleuvre.  It  was  there  that  gt'ii. 
Toussaint,  with  liis  guards,  forming 
a  body  of  1500  grenadiers,  drawn 
^-om  different  demi-brigades,  and 
about  1 200  mcn,chosen  from  die  best 
battalions  of  his  army»  togetlier  with 
400  dragoons,  expected  to  be  able 
to  defend  himself.  The  ravine  at 
Couleuvre  is  enclosed  on  all  sides  in 
an  extraordinary  manner.  It  is 
flanked  by  mountains,  the  tops  of 
which  are  covered  with  woods,  in 
which  were  placed  more  than  2000 
armed  cultivators  in  addition  to  die 
Iroops  already   enumerated.     The 


rebels  had  collected, a  quantity  of 
materials  for  the  purpose  of  ob- 
structing the  passage,  and  were  pos- 
sessed of  the  entrenched  positions 
which  commanded  tlie  ravine.  A 
position  so  uncommonly  strong  as 
this  would  have  deterred  almost  any 
other  man  than  genend  Rocham- 
beau  ;  he,  however,  made  his  dis[)o- 
sitions  with  the  rapidity  of  lightning, 
and  attacked  the  entrenchments  of 
the  enemy. 

A  combat  of  man  to  man  com- 
menced) the  tn^ops  of  Toussaint 
fought  with  great  courage  and  obsti- 
nacy, but  every  thing  yielded  to 
French  intrepidity.  Toussaint  eva- 
cuated his  position,  and  retired  ix% 
disorder  to  Petite-Riviere,  k^avingr 
eight  hundred  of  his  tr(X)ps  dead  on 
tlie  field  of  battle.  On  the  5th  I 
arrived  at  GonaiVes.  I  was  extrt  mcly 
anxious  about  the  fate  of  generals 
Debelle  and  Bouck^t,  of  whom  I  had 
received  no  intellii^ence. 

On  tlie  6th  I  discovered  by  means 
of  my  spies  tliat  general  Debelle  had 
not  succeeded  in  repulsing  general 
iMaurepas.  I  gave  orders  to  the  di- 
vision under  general  Desfourneaux 
to  march  to  Gros  Morne  on  the  road 
to  Port-dc-Paix,  and  to  general  Ro- 
cham'oeau  to  advance  to  the  bridge 
of  Ester,  and  to  push  forward  on  the 
right  and  left,  for /die  purpose  of 
gaining  intelligence  of  general  Bou- 
det,  and  tlic  retreat  of  the  enemy. 

On  the  /di  I  gained  intelligence 
that  general  Boudct  had  made  him- 
self master  of  St.  Mark.  I  saw  in 
this  quarter  no  other  enemy  but 
Maurei)as  to  encounter ;  I  gave  or- 
ders to  general  Hardy  to  march  to 
Gras  Morne  with  five  companies  of 
grenadiers  and  800  men  drawn  from 
his  division,  I  added  to  diis  body  a 
company  of  my  guards,  consisting 
of  200  men.     I  marched  in  person 

widi 


\ 


CSS        ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1802. 

with  this  body,  and  on  the  evening  Rpoken  of.     I  hnve  appointed  Con* 
<rt'ih<*.  /th  took  up  a  position  \vi:hin  r;eat  a  chief  ot" battalion,  fonnerly  s 
two  Iracjiies  of  Ciros   Morne.     My  ehi^f  (;f  brignck*   in  tl:c    llthli^t 
n]t.'nlif>n  .v. a>  to  nwireh  with    tlu-  (-orps,  on  the  field  of  battle.     This 
division  of  l")tsriAn"ri«-aax,  and  3. >(X)  brave   o/iircr  is  sineo   dead    of  the 
mem   of  li'irdys  division,    fn-   il)e  v.'oiinds  whieh  proeurcd  for  Iiiixi.this 
pn!'pf?'-e  of  takr.^i:  v.p  a  p<jsiti(>'.:  y.n  aeees:/ion  of  rank, 
the  Sth  t'A'O  Ic-  Mi-s  furlluf  ill  liie         General    lloehamlK*au   sp-'^aks   in 
rear  ot"  e;e.ncrHi  \[anre]);is,   with   a  hitrji  t(  rnis  of  the  ser\'iresof  Brunet, 
view  rrf  aitaekiii^i;  liini  ill  hr^-ak  of  general  of  brigade  j  of  Laval  letteauj 
-day  on  the  pth  in  eoixert  wiili  gen.  Andrii-n,    adjutant    commandants; 
Del)elle,  whi»ni  1   had   appnzt;d -of  ai id  of  einzin  Key,  ehief  of  brigade 
.this  niovnncDt-     But  genenil  M;Hi-  in  {\\r.  ,5th  liglit.     Citizen  I^achatre^ 
Tepas.  wlio  liad  no  iv.eans  of"  retreat  one  of  this  general's  aide-de-camps> 
,  Id'i,  li  kI  pre\Iously  sent  d<pnti(s  to  was   killed  in  storming  Fort  D'au- 
general  D-AvWcy  v.iiom  my  leJiers  ])hin.     J   liave  every  peason  to  be 
had  not   then   vraelu'd,  oflering  lo  batisfied  with  the.  exertions  ofBru- 
siirrender  on  t'le.  tc-niis  s-jX'cified  in  yere,  my  aide- dH-eamp  chef  d*esca« 
my  j)roelanuilion,   in  whieh  I  ofler  dre,  and  of  hillecAirt,  holding  the 
to    eonlinue    those    officers,    who  same  rank,  who  is  attached  to  the 
should  submit,  in    their  resi)eeti\e  general  staff. 
ranks.      To   this  jMoposal    general        1 'he  ext  rtions  of  the  whole  army 
J)eh(  lU^  assented,  and  notwifji stand-  desene  iTiy  particrJiO*  acknowledg- 
ing tlm  «'xecllenee  of  my  position  1  ments;    the  5th,    11th,  and   l7th 
thought  it  my  dlily  to  confirm  what  light,  and  the  31st  and  p2th  of  the 
general  I>bellr.  liad  doiu-,  and  gave  line,  have  partieujarly  distinguished    j 
ordiTS  to  general  Maurepas  to  join  themselves.     General  BcAidet  is  li-    j 
the  army  at  Gros  Morne,  where  I  bend  in  his  commendation  of  Pam- 
was  waiting  his  arrival.    J  have  sent  phiie  Lacroix:  and  Darbois,  adjutant 
back  the  body  drawn  from  the  divi-  commaiidants.    As  soon  as  the  1^ 
flion  of  Hardy  t(;  GonaiVcs,  to  whieh  turns  from  the  diiTerent  corps  sbdH    ' 
place  I  shall  march  for  the  purpose  rciich   tiic  chief  of  the  start,  a  de- 
of  recommencing    to-moiTow   the  tailed  account  on  this  point  wUl  be 
pursuit  of  Toussaint.  tn«n.->mitied  io  you.     He  will  seoci    ' 

Since  the  affair  ot'  th'*  -Jth  the  in-  you  a  list  of  thos^  »,rave  individuals- 
habitants  consider  Tou..^aint  as  jo^;  j  u;  v.  horn  1  have  judj/ni  it  pro|)cr  to 
the  cultivators  return  to  their  hal>i-  a^ign  Pwarvls.  i  Iiavc  to  beg  oif 
tations,  the  soldiers  desert  his  stfiiul-  you  to  re<|uire  a  conlirmation  df 
ards,  and  already  it  is  tl-e  o})inion  tliem  from  t]\e  chief  eon.iiil.. 
of  all.  that  we  are  masters  of  the  Tiiusiuis  lie  army  of  St.  Domin- 
colony.  go,  in  \\j-  ..pace  of  a  campaign  of 

General  Desfournean::  Infstows  iiftiLU  days,  di^jiersed  lilie  principal 
particular  praise  on  Grandct,  chief  bodies  i\  tjie  ni;els,  got  possession 
of  'origadej  general  H::rdy  gives  of  a  rreat  pait  of  their  baggage,  antl 
i'reat    credit    to    the    cNcrtions  of    a  considerable  portion  of  their  artil- 

J3eplan(iues,  adjtttant-commandanl,  Lry. 

wliom  I  have  appointed  general  of        Among  .the   iiuml)cr  of  office^ 
brigade  i  general  Salm  is  also  highly    vho  feaVe  aiibniitted  are  Clervaiix^    . 

La 


STATE      PAPERS. 


689 


La  Plume,  and  Manrepas,-  a  num- 
ber of  other  negro  chiefs  or  men  of 
colour,  have  also  submitted,  to  our 
arms.  The  whole  plantations  on  the 
south  are  preserved.  The  whole 
-of  the  Spanish  pait  of  the  island 
is  in  our  hands. 

Health  and  respect, 

(Signed)         Led  ere. 


Admiral    Villarct    Joyeuse    to    the 
French  Minister  of  the  Marine  and 
' '  Colonies, 

Harbour  of  Cape  Francois,  on 
hoard  the  AdvnraVs  Ship, 
the  Jemappe,  March  O',  1 802. 

A  T  the  moment  when  the  divi- 
xZk,  sion  of  the  centre,  admiral 
Gantheaume,  was  about  to  set  sail, 
the  frigate  La  Corneille,  from  Ja- 
maica, entered  the  road.  I  hasten  to 
acquaint  }'ou  witli  the  news  received 
by  her. 

.  The  English  admiral,  sir  John 
Duckworth,  behaved  with  the  most 
distinguished  politeness  to  captain 
Villemandi'in,  and  ensign  de  Vais- 
seau  Clouet,  who  carried  to  him  my 
dispatches.  He  seized  tlie  opportu- 
Hity  of  celebrating  tlie  return  of 
pe'cice  between  the  two  nations  :  tlie 
frigate  saluted  the  admiral  and  the 
town  with  a  discharge  of  thirteen 
pieces  of  cannon,  which  were  re- 
turned in  the  same  manner  by  the 
admiral  and  the  iorls.  All  the  cap- 
tains of  the  English  squadron  liast- 
ened  to  make  preparations  for  the 
visit  of  captain  Villemandrin,  and 
many  received  him  to  tlic  sound  of 
warlike  music.  Our  officers  re- 
marked, that  the  portrait  of  the  first 
consul  was  very  gt  aeral  amongst  the 
English  squadron. 

(Signed)         Villaret, 
*    Vol.  XLIV, 


Copy  of  a  Let tei'  from  Admiral  Sir 
John  Thomas  Duckworth,  Com- 
mander on  the  Jamaica  Station, 
to  Admiral  ViUaret  Joyeuse,  at  the 
Cape. 

On  hoard  his^Britannic  Majesty  s 
Ship  the  Leviathan,  at  Port 
Royal,  Jamaica,  Feb.  IQ, 
1802. 

Sir, 

I  received  tlie  letter  which  your 
excellency  did  me  the  honour  to 
write  to  me,  communicating  the 
arrival  at  the  Cape  of  the  French 
forces  under  your  command ;  and  t 
am  flattered  by  the  confidence  with 
which  you  have  honoured  me  in  in- 
forming me  of  tlie  state  of  tliose 
forces  and  their  destination.  This 
information  is  perfectly  contbrmabl* 
to  that  which  1  received  from  his 
majesty's  ministers,  who  transmitted 
to  me  at  the  same  time  orders  fronl 
the  king,  my  master,  to  treat  the 
French  nation  with  all  possible  re- 
spect. 

So  far,  however,  as  relates  to 
provisions,  which  your  excellency 
seems  to  fear  you  may  be  in  want 
of,  I  sincerely  regret  that  our  pro- 
sent  situation,  in  consequence  of  the 
arrival  of  a  great  naval  and  military 
force,  renders  it  impossible  for  me 
to  give  you  any  hope  of  assistance. 
Our  own  resources  are  so  limited 
too,  I  have  been  obliged  to  detach 
frigates  to  difierent  points,  in  order 
to  seek  the  means  of  preserving  us 
from  entire  distress,  and  I  have,  as 
well  as  your  excellency,  sought  to 
"draw  succours  from  die  American 
continent. 

It  is  with, sentiments  of  grief  that 

I  have  learned  the  hostile  reception 

your  excellency  has  met  with,  and 

the  direct  violation  of  all  the.  duties 

Yy  *  of 


690 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1802. 


of  colonies    towards   the    mother- 
country. 

J  uiTfcrtlv  nim.'e  ^v\{h  yon  as  to 
the  conscfjucnccs  of  such  conduct, 
and  I  think  it  is  of  tlie  greatest  im- 
portance to  all  the  powers  of  Eu- 
rope j  but  witli  the  considerable 
force  under  the  orders  of  vour  ex- 
cellency,  this  revolt  cannot  be  of 
long  duration,  ajid  the  devastations 
eonnuiitcd  Ity  the  rebels  can  only 
produce  a  temporary  evil. 

I  have  the*  honour  to  be,  with 
high  consideration  for  your  excel- 
lency, 

^'our  excellency's 

obedient  servant, 
Jolin  Thomas  Dui:kworth, 
rear-admiral,  &c.  &c. 


L'-Ll  riji ,  Equai'itfj . 

/"  -h:  Xnmc  iif  the  French  ijovcrn- 

ini-nt. 

A    PROCLAMATION. 

TJh.  Gcvtrol  hi  Chhf'tu  th".  Lihali' 
tuuls  of  St.  JJomif'ijo, 

Citl/c:;^-, 

Ti  [K  tiujc  is  arrivei!,  when  order 
v.ill  sxKCCcd  to  that  chaos 
which  li.'.s  be(*n  the  necessar)  conse- 
quence^ of  tJ;eoj)po>ition  made  by  the 
nbellicusto  the  landing  of  the  army 
jt  St.  Dominiro. 

The  rapid  o])rrarions  nnd  propTss 
ni'  the  arm}%  and  the  necessity  of 
rro^idinG"  for  its  .^ubr^ist once  and  iis 
i.-tabli^hnient,  have,  }'irhcrio^  pre- 
vcnird  my  atf'^r.iiinf.^  to  tlie  defmi- 
tive  on-aiiizalion  of  the  colonv.  i 
>.ould  not,  mor',u\er,  have  any  iix-c-^d 
or  certain  iderfs  ef  a  count rv  w  nji 
vhii'h  I  was  lotrdly  nnacquaintecl, 
*;nd  consequent!)'  coiild  not,  witho\it 
?fi.iture  drUberaiion,  formun  opinion 


of  a  people  who  have  been,  for  ten 
yciirs,  a  prey  to  revolntions. 

I'he  basis  of  the  provisionary  or- 
ganization which  I  shall  give  tlie 
colony,  but  which  shall  not  be  defi- 
nitive till  Approved  of  by  the  French 
government,  is  liberty  and  equality 
to  all  thcinhabitantsof  St.  Domingo, 
M  ithout  regard  to  colour. 

This  organization  comprises, 

1 .  The  administration  of  justice. 

2.  The  interior  admmistration  of 
the  colony  combined  with  those 
measures  which  its  interior  and  ex- 
terior defence  require. 

3.  The  imposition  of  duties  :  the 
means  of  raising  them  dnd  their  ap- 
plication. 

4.  I'he  regulations  and  ordinances 
relative  to  agiiculture. 

5 .  The  regulations  and  ordinance^ 
relative  to  commerce. 

6\  I'he  administratioit  of  the  na- 
tional  domains,  and  the  means  of 
making  them  most  beneficial  to  thd 
state,  so  as  to  be  less  Burdensome 
to  agriculture  and  commerce. 

As  it  is  of  infinite  intei*estto  vt)n, 
citizens,  that  every  institution  should, 
in  an  eijual  degree,  protect  agricul- 
ture and  commerce,  I  have  not  de- 
termined upoa  this  important  work, 
without  having  first  had  recourse  to, 
and  consulted  with,  the  most  distin- 
guished and  enlightened  citizens  of 
the  colony. 

I  have,  in  consequence,  givrji 
orders  to  the  generals  of  the  south 
and  west  divisions  to  select  for  each 
ol  these  departments  seven  citizens, 
proprietors  and  merchants  (without 
regard  to  colour),  who,  with  eight 
m(;re  which  I  shall  myself  choose 
for  the  department  of  the  nortli,  are 
to  assemble  at  tlie  Cape  in  the 
comso  of  tlie  present  month,  to  im- 
parl liieir  observations  to  mc  on  the 

plans 


STATE     PAPERS. 


691 


plans  I  shall  then  submit  to  their  con-" 
tideration. 

It  is  not  a  deliberative  assembly 
I  establish.  I  am  sufficiently  ac- 
quainted with  the  evils  which  meet- 
ings of  this  nature  have  brouglit 
upon  the  colony,  to  have  that  idea. 
"The  citizens  whb  are  thus  chosen, 
being  honest  and  enlightened  men, 
to  them,  will  I  communicate  my 
views  5  they  will  make  their  obser- 
vations upon  them,  and  will  be  able 
to  impress  on  the  minds  of  their 
fellow-citizens,  the  liberal  ideas  with 
which  government  is  animated. 

Let  those,  tlien>  who  are  thus  to 
be  called  together,  consider  this  ap- 
pointment as  a  flattering  proof  of  my 
consideration  for  them.  Let  them 
consider  that,  for  want  of  their 
counsel  and  advice,  I  might  pursue 
measures  disastrous  to  the  colony, 
which  would  ultimately  fall  upon 
themselves.  Let  them  consider  this, 
and  they  will  find  no  difficulty  in 
leaving,  for  some  time,  their  private 
avocations. 

'Done  at  head-quarters  at  tlie 
Cape,  25th  April,  year  10  of 
the  French  republic. 
The  general  in  chief, 
(Signed)  Leclerc. 

(A  tiTie  copy.) 
The  deputy  adjutant-general,    . 
(Signed)  D'Aoust. 


^-t^ 


Paris',  June  13. 

The  General  in  Chief  of  the  Army  of 
St.  Domingo  to  the  M'nmter  of  the 
1       Marine  and  Colonies. 

He  ad' quarters  at  the  Cape, 
May  8,   1802. 

Citizen  minister, 

I  HASTEN  to  send  to  you  citizen 
Bruyeres,  my  aide-de-camp,  to 
inform  you  of  the  happy  event  of  tlic 


reestablishment  of  tranquillity  in  this 
immense  and  beautiful  coloay. 

You  have  received  dispatches  coa- 
taining  the  details  of  the  milittuy 
events  which  took  place  during  the 
latter  end  of  March  ,and  the  begin- 
ning of  April.  Beaten  ex'ery  where, 
and  dispersed,  terror  established  it- 
self in  the  camps  of  the  rebels,  who 
were  without  magazines,  almost 
widiout  powder,  and  who  were  re- 
duced to  live  upon  bananas. 

The  arrival  of  the  squadrons  from 
Flushing  and  Havre  gave  the  last 
blow  to  the  rebel  power. 

Christophe  informed,  me  that  he 
had  always   been   a  friend  to  the 
whites,  whom  he  admired  -,  that  adl 
the  Europeans  who  had  been  at  St. 
Domingo  could  attest  his  principles 
and  his  conduct ;  that  imperious  cir- 
cumstances, which  often  decide  the 
conduct  of  public  men,  liad  not  Idri 
him  at  liberty  to  pursue  that  line  of 
conduct  which  he  wished;  and,lastly, 
he  desired  to  know  if  there  was  still 
any  safety  for  him  ?     I  replied,  that 
with  the  French  people  there  wa^ 
always  a  door  open  to  repentance  j 
that  it  was  the  constant  habit  of  the 
first  consul  to  weigh  the  actions  of 
men,  and  that    one   crime  alone, 
whatever  might  be  its  consequences, 
would  never  efiace  from  his  mind 
services  perf(H-med;  that  it  was  tme, 
that  the  instructions  I  had  receii?td 
previous  to  my  departure  were  per- 
sonally favoiu-able  to  him  5  and  last- 
ly, that  if  he  chase  to  place  himself 
at  my  discretion,  he  should  have  rea- 
scm  to  be  satisfied. 

He  still  hesitated  f  several  co- 
lumns were  ready  to  attack  himj 
.and  some  slight  rencontres  took 
place.  At  length  Christophe  in- 
formed me"  that  I  hacf  not  sent  to  . 
him  any  ortiors.  I  directed  him  to 
repair  aloi^e  to  the  Cape 3  to  send 
V  y  2  thither 


ca2         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


tl'.itlier  all  the  cultivators  \vho  w(Te 
still  with  him,  and  to  assemble  all  the 
troops  who  were  under  his  orders.  All 
tiiis  he  punctually  cxrculed.  jNIore 
than  20()()  inliabltants  of  the  Cape, 
^vho  were  in  the  most  distant  hi  lis, 
have  returned.  Hi  i  mac;azine:s  and 
artillery  are  in  our  pos.-iosion,  aiul 
about  I'liY)  soldiers  \\ho  were  uixler 
Lis  command,  arc  united  to  our 
troops.  A  part  of  them  have  been 
disirnied,  and  sent  back  to  culture  ; 
and  the  remainder  I  propose  to  in- 
corporate with  the  colonial  troops. 

The  submission  of  Christoplie 
completed  the  consternation  of 
Tous saint.  He  employed  every 
means  to  inform  m(*  of  tlie  unfortu- 
nate situation  in  which  he  foiuul 
himself,  and  how  much  he  saw  with 
pain,  that  he  was  continuing  a  war 
v'ithout  object,  and  witiiout  end. 
lie  added,  tliat  circumstances,  the 
most  unfortunate  had  ahcady  oc- 
ca/iioned  many  evils,  but  that  not- 
vithstandins:  the  force  of  the  French 
army,  he  was  still  strong  enough  to 
iv.vage  and  destroy  the  country,  and 
to  sell  dearly  a  life,  which  had  bcren 
someiimejs  usellil  to  die  motlier- 
CQuntry. 

These  communications,  frequent- 
ly reiterated,  gave  rise  to  tlxe  most 
serious  reflections  in  my  mind. 

Three  fourths  of  the  colony  had 
still  escaped  the  miseries  of  desola- 
tion ;  and  Toussaint  and  the  blacks, 
although  they  had  ravaged  a  part 
of  the  coi.ntry,  and  carried  on 
the  war  witli  extreme  barbarity, 
liad  never  seen  IVancc,  had  never 
rrceived,  dvirini>  twelve  years,  any 
other  than  false  ideas  of  our  strength 
and  our  character. 

I  informed  ioivssaint,  that  if  he 
'A'riuld  repair  to  th^  Cape,  pardon 
ra*|;!it  }ti  uc  e^cwded  to  liim. 


Toussaint  did  not  hesitate  to  profit 
by  the  permission  I  had  given  to 
him :  he  came  to  me,  solicited  for 
piJrdon,  and  swore  to  be  faithful' to 
France.  1  accepted  hiis  submission, 
and  ordrrtxl  him  to  rejiair  to  a  plan- 
ttUi(;n  near  GonaiVes,  and  not  to  de- 
jx'.rt  froui  it  without  my  permission. 

J  hr.ve  placed  Dcssalinei*  in  a  plan- 
tation near  Saint  ]Marc. 

All  liic  culti\ators  who  had  been 
<.\uT;ed  oil'  have  returned.  I  have 
inccirporated  with  tliecolonidl  troops, 
as  many  of  the  black  soldiers  as  I 
thought  miglit  be  allowed  to  con- 
tinue under  arms. 

"i  lie  luagazincs,  and  tlic  pieces  of 
artillery  which  had  been  drawn  up    ■ 
steep  rocks,  and  hidden  in  die  most ' 
scr'rct  places,  are  daily  delivered  up 
U)  us :  diere  are  still  more  than  an 
hundred  rem^iining. 

A  new  epoch  commences :  you 
will  see  by  the  arret t«,  and  the  , 
measures  which  1  have  taken,  tliat 
we  are  occupied  w  idi  activity  in  or- 
ganizing die  administration  of  the 
country. 

The  bad  season  has  commenced, 
but  the  repose  which  our  troops  witt 
now  experience  will  enable  us  to  ge 
til  rough  it  w  ith  the  least  possible  loss* 
V^'v  ha\  e  abundance  of  provisions, 
thanks  to  your  care. 

Health  and  respect. 
(Signed)  Leclerc. 


The  Same  to  the  Same, 

Cope,  Mays,  1802; 

We  are  labouring  to  reestabhsh 

the  Cape,  with  an  activity  which  it 

Is  diificult  to  conceive.     This  town 

is  risuig  out  of  its  ashes. 

I  cannot  dissemble  the  mischief 
which  has  been  done  in  several  can- 
tons of  the  colony  j  but  haling  noM', 
however,  received  die  diflerent  ac- 
counts;^ 


STATE      PAPERS. 


603 


* 

ccmnts,  I  am  convinced  that  more 
than  three  fourths  of  the  colony  are 
iiiitQUcherf.  The  cjuartcrs  of  TiVrti- 
bonite,  all  the  soutii  part,  the  Mole, 
ancl  Fort  Libcrte,  are  entirely  pre- 
served. 

American  vessels  arrive  in  crowds 
in  our  ports,  laden  with  flour,  with 
deals,  and  other  materials  for  build- 
ing. Citizen  Plchon  writes  me, 
that  the  Americans  are  much  dis- 
contented at  the  measure  which  I 
took  at  the  moment  of  my  arrival ; 
but  r  think  they  are  wrong.  Agents 
of  the  American  government  were 
with  I'oussaint,  who  did  not  always 
suggest  to  him  the  best  opinions. 

Muskets,  powder,  and  cannon, 
werft  furnished  with  a  renewed  ac- 
tivity from  the  United  States,  as 
soon  as  tl^e  preliminary  treaty  was 
known  there.  It  \^'as  natural.,  there- 
fore, that  I  should  take  measures  to 
prevent  that  communication  with 
the  rebels.  Our  commissaries  in 
America  were  not  sufficiently  alive 
to  the  !ntcri::sts  of  the  public  purse. 
An  unfortunate  little  hvhr  which 
you  sent  thither  cost  28,000  francs 
(1166/.  13s.  4d.).  Citizen  Pichon 
ought  to  have  known  that  the  brig 
was  not  worth  half  that  sum. 

The  national  commerce  becrins 
also  to  send  out  some  vessels.  J  have 
given  orders  to  place  the  colonial 
system  in  a  state  of  activity  as 
speedily  as  possible.  Vessels  com- 
ing from  France  pay  no  duty  what- 
ever on  importation.  Ihey  pay  ten 
per  cent,  on  ex})ortation,  but  it  may 
be  found  suitable  to  (^N.act  only  li\e. 
As  to  the  rt  St,  J  expect  your  direc- 
tions forthwith,  ^lliis  can  do  no  in- 
jury to  coninu'rc(%  as  you  can  pro- 
portionabiy  diihinish  the  duties  on 
West  In.'iia  produce. 

The  colony,  otherwise,  is  in  a 
■liituation  to  receive  such  commerci^ 


regulations  as  yon  may  make;  and 
if  the  great  commercial  towns  pre* 
pare  to  furnish  us  witli  what  we  • 
want,  there  will  be  little  difficulty  in 
reviving  the  edicts  of  17^^,  respec- 
ing  the  customs. 

For  the  rest,  citizen  ministers,  as* 
sure  the  first  consul  that  I  shall  not 
lose  an  instant  in  considering  the 
instnictions  given  to  me,  in  every 
point  of  view,  political  and  com- 
mercial ;  and  that  I  shall  regard  the 
day  when  the  national  commerce 
will  be  alone  sufficient  for  St.  Do- 
mingo, as  a  happy  day  for  myself  • 
and  the  army,  as  a  colpnial  war 
ought  to  ha\e  for  its  result  tlie 
triumph  of  commerce. 

I  have  sent  "[eneral  Du<Tua  into 
the  south  part :  general  Rochambeau 
is  on  the  side  of  St.  Marc. 

I  can  only  pronounce  an  eulogy 
on  the  whole  army  j  but  1  must 
make  particular  mention  of  the  zeal 
and  services  of  gen.  Rochambeau, 

I  must  also  praise  the  activity  of 
tlie  chief  conmiissary  Daure. 

Health  and  respect. 
(Signed)  Lc(^lerc. 


Extract  of  a  letter  from  General  Z^-r 
clercy  dated  St.  Domingo,  Mth 
June  J  to  the  Minister  of  Marine. 

Citizen  minister, 
I  informed  you  by  one  of  my  last 
dispatches,  of  the  pardon  which  I 
was  disposed  to  grant  to  general 
Toussaint.    lliis  ambitious  man  ha^ 
not  ceased  to  conspire  secretly  since  > 
the  moment  I  pardoned  him.   ^He' 
only  surrendered  because  generals- 
Christophe  and  Dchsalines  saw  that 
he  had  deceived  them,  and  refused 
to  cany  on  the  war  riny  longer  j  but 
seeing  that    he  was  abandoned  by 
them,  he  endeavoured  to  organize 
an     insurrection   among  the  culti- 
vators, and  to  mi^ke  tliern  ri.se  en 


Yya 


masse. 


694        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

lufi^se.     The  information  I  received  impatience  the  month  of  Septcm- 

from  all   the  generals,  even  t'lom  ber,  when  the  season  will  restore 

general   Desrulincs,  of  his  conduct  our  activity. 

feince    lii:>    snrirnJer,   left   nie  no  The  departure  of  Toussiapt  has 
doubt  upon  the  subject.     I  inter-  caused  a  general  joy  at  die  Cape. 
cc  ptcd  the  letters  he  liad  written  to  The  commissar)'  of  justice,  Mont- 
a  man  of  the  name  of  Fontaine,  who  peron,  is  dead.     The  colonial  prc- 
was  his  agent  at  the  Cape.     Tliese  feet,  Benezech,  is  dangerously  ill- 
letters  prove  beyond  a  doubt,  that  he  The  adjutant-  commandant.  Dam- 
was  conspiring  to  re<^ain  hi-,  former  piorre,  who  was  a  young  officer  of 
jnllujnce  in  the  colony.    He  placed  great  promise,  is  also  dead. 
considerable  reliance  upon  the  sick-  I  have  the  honour  to  salute  you. 
r.ess   v.hich  prevailed  in   the  army.  Leclerc. 
Under  these  circum>tances,  I  did  rot 
think  it  right  to  give  him  time  to  . 
cd'eet  hi.-*  criminal  purposes.     I  or- 
dered him  to  be  arrested  :  tliis  was  Speech  of  his  Honour  the  Ueutenaiit' 
rot  easy  to  be  accomplished ;  it  was  governor     of   Jamaica    (General 
nevertheless  effected  by  the  .skilful  Nugent)  to  the  General  Assembly 
ineaaures  of  gene lal  Ijiimet  and  of  of  that  Island, 
citizen   Frrrari,  my  aide-dc-c?..np,  Kwgston,  June  1?,  1902. 
whom  I  had  entrusted  with  this  o       ^ 
business.  Gentlemen  of  the  council, 

I  have  sent  to  France,  with  all  his  ^'^r.  Speaker,   and 

family,  this  man,  ^^ho  is  so  pro-  Gentlemen  of  the  assembly, 

f(»unclly  perfidioiLs,  and  who  with  so  IT  is   with  much  reluctance  that 

much    hyixxrrisy    has  done   us   so  I  have  felt  myself  obliged  to  call 

nmeh  evil.     The  government  will  you  together  at  this  season  of  the 

ste  what  is  lit  to  be  done  with  him.  year  ;  but  the  importance  of  the  ob- 

llie  arrest  of  general   J  V;n<;saint  jcct  will,   I  trust,  sufficiently  point 

has  given  hnc  to  new  a<is(  inblies  of  out  to  you  the    necessity   of   the 

tiienbels:  two  chiefs  of  the  insur-  measure      I  am  at  the  same  time 

trf  nts  have  been   already   arre--ted,  happy  that  it  ali^brds  me  an  oppor- 

>'.  hom  I  have  ordered  to  be  shot ;  timity  of  congratulating  you  upon 

«nd  one  Inuidred  of  his  principal  ad-  the  return  of  the  blessings  of  peiUie, 

herents  have  bien  also  arrested ;  a  by   the    signing    of    the   definitive 

jjart  of  whom  1  have  put  on  board  treaty. 

the  frigate  I jaMeuron,  which  I  have  Mr.  Speaker,  and  gentlemen  of 

ordered  to  sail  lor  the  Mediterranean,  the  assembly, — You   will,  I   hope^ 

The  remainder  haM;  been  disposed  wiih  yoiu*  usual  patriotism  and  li- 

of  in    the    difftrenl  bhips    of   the  berality,  take  into  your  con.-^ickra- 

.s(juadron.  tion,  tlie  peculiar  circumstances  in 

I  am  e(/ntinually  occupied  in  the  which    this    island    is   at    present 

reor£;ani/.ation  of  the  colony,  with  placed,    and  make  a  full  provision 

:;^  litth^  force  as  possible;  but  the  for  the  exigencies    of   the   service 

excessive  heat,    and   the    maladies  accordingly. 

which  afflict  us,  rmdcr  the  labour  Gentlemen  of  the  counciJ,    Mr. 

extremely  diificidt..    I  expect  with  Speaker^  and  gentlemen  of  the  us-. 

sembly. 


STATE      PAPERS. 


694 


scinbly,-^-.!  sliall  direct  tlie  neces- 
9axy  papers  to  be  laid  before  you,  in 
order  to  explain  tlic  nature  of  the 
communications  which  I  have  had 
from  his  majesty's  ministers  upon 
the  subject  of  the  present  nieeting. 


ilti^fsage  from  his  Hofiour  the  Lieu- 
timafU-gotwrnor,  sefii  over  to  the 
House  of  Assemlly,  on  the  I'Jtk 
Day  of  June  last. — (PutiiJicd  iij 
Authority.) 

Mr.  Speaker, 

I  am  commanded  by  his  honour 
tlie  lieutenant-governor  to  lay  be- 
fore the  house  of  assembly  of  Ja- 
maica extracts  of  two  letters,  and 
a  tliird  letter,  from  the  riorht  Iio- 
nourable  lord  Hobart,  which,  un- 
der the  present  circumstances  of 
the  mother  country  and  the  colony, 
so  intimiitclv  concern  their  mutual 
interests,  that  his  honour  earnestly 
hopes  the  house  will  take  them  in- 
to their  most  mature  considera- 
tion. 

The  necessitv  which  his  honour 
feels  of  making  a  most  explicit 
communication  of  his  sentiments 
to  the  assembly  on  the  subject  of 
tlieir  present  meeting,  has  strongly 
induced  him  to  submit  for  their 
consideration  his  reasons  for  ur<j[inij 
the  adoption  of  the  important  mea- 
sure proposed  by  his  majesty's  mi- 
nisters   upon   tliis  occasion,  viz. 

The  immense  debt  which  the 
mother  country  has  incurred  in  the 
prosecution  of  the  war,  and  for  the 
security  of  the  British  possessions, 
and  tlie  absolute  necessity  of  her 
resorting  to  some  extraordinary 
means  for  enabling  her  to  support 
the  increased  naval  and  niiiitary 
establishments,  so  imperiously  re- 
c^uircd  in  all  parts  of  tlic  empire. 


but  more  particularly  in  her  West 
India  colonies,  from  tlie  melancholy 
and  alarming  state  of  soine  of  tli^ 
neighbouring  islands ;  tlxe  mutual 
harmony  and  tliorough  confidence 
between  the  British  government  and 
tiie  island  of  Jamaica,  which  woula 
naturally  follow  so  lilx;ral  and  ju.st 
a  proceding  o\\  tlic  part  of  the  as- 
sembly : 

The  minds  of  the  proprictofs 
and  inhabitiuits  of  tlie  island,  be- 
ing  set  at  rest  upon  tlie  (juestion  of 
the  employment  of  black  troops  as 
a  pan  of  their  defence,  by  the  im- 
mediate removal  of  the  2d  ^^''esi: 
India  regimeiii,  and  the  consent  of 
Jiis  nuijesty  to  the  wishes  of  thp 
assenM)!}','  ihat  in  future  no  corps 
of  that  description  should  he  scnX 
hither,  without  tlie  concuriejjcc  qf  \ 
tlie  l^ouse  :  , 

llic  colonies  Ix^ing  relieved  lron;i 
the  expense  of  maintaining  tiie  20tk 
regimentiof  dragoons  as  a  perma- 
nent part  of  itsi  establishment,  wliicli 
may  be  moj*e  tlian  etpial  to  the  pay 
of  lOOC)  inl'antry: 

The  asseml>ly  having  pledged  it- 
self to  pay  2000  white  trtx)p^  at 
a  much  less  critical  period  tlian  tbp 
present,  which,  for  very  obvioujs 
reasons,  requires  full  5QUQ  regular 
infantry,  together  witli  the  wholp 
militia  of  the  island  placed  upon 
an  improveil  fooling,  to  render  her 
secure  against  invaiiou  and  i^isui- 
rertion  \ 

I'lie  spirit  of  the  prosont  pro-* 
posals,  that  tlie  i>land  is  only  re- 
quired to  maintain  the  clfective 
iium!)ers  upon  thp  returns  of  tho 
several  corps  uixui  this  establish- 
ment, not  exceeding  5000  men,  mid 
that  those  numbers  will  probably 
be  reduced  at  a  futurti  period,  by 
the  restorati(ui  of  go«Kl  order  and 
subordination  in.tli^  i?ri:uch  islands: 
yy4  The 


^m 


696 


ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1802. 


Tlic  opening  and  the  rapid  im- 
prmement  of  the  inuruu  count ry, 
.  Dy  conslructini;  barracks  tlicrin, 
«nd  tlie  ron sequent  incrcasfd  means 
of  maintaininp;  the  expense  of  .5(XX> 
infantry,  or  such  a  jvirt  of  that 
Tiutnbcr  as  it  may  Ix',  re(]ni^il^; 
hereafter  to  station  in  Jamaica — 
tht;  p.rcat  prospect  of  a  ni'scli  more 
leady  and  extensive  salr  fur  the 
produce  o{  the  colony,  Ir  'lUi  nrw 
markets  beiniij  *  {vihsI  to  its  coiu- 
liienx^  by  the  l.]l■^'«in;;s  of  pence, 
the  advanra;;<s  atiiiiding  the  placing 
of  the  b:trra«  k  department  iindrr 
the  direction  .iiui  control  of  the 
command.rr  in  chief,  and  the  for- 
mation <*i  a  corps  of  black  arti- 
ficers, wijii  wiiiic  master  artificers 
and  foi'cnien  at  tiicir  head,  under 
the  immediate  direction  of  the 
i'sland  (  j'.^ineca",  whidi  would  dimi- 
nish in  a  '.icat  de^r  -e  the  expense 
of  th:.t  branch  of  the  {jublic  ser- 
vicer, iuid  do  away  allo;^cther  the 
present  dilticuUies  at  lending  con- 
tracts t'nr  the  necessary  works,  so 
improvidt  lit  and  inetli[-ctual  a  syMem 
lor  the  objects  in  view  : 

These  rea.^ons  have  impressed 
themselves  m>  forcibly,  and  w-th 
such  thorough  conviction  upon  Jiis 
honour's  mind,  that  he  relies  wi:h 
i;ontiden*X'.  upon  thnr  having  liieir 
due  wei-jbt  with  the  nici!i:>(TS  of 
the  assembly,  and  h'-  hns  accord- 
ingly gi\(.n  directions  for  the  em- 
birkaiionof  tJi<'  '20ili  re;;inieiit  of 
drav:<^'^ns  and  the  2d  West  liidia 
leg  I  men  t. 

iiis  honour  iiopes  and  trusts  that 
it  is  unncce.-s;iry  for  hin^  to  make 
many  4)rofensiouj> ;  Im?  he  most  so- 
lenuily  assures  ilie  houi-e,  that  as 
h)\\'X  as  he  uiiiv  have  the  honoui 
io  r<"nK*in  in  his  jircocnt  situation, 
i:r.  Avid  d'-Aote  Iii:»  uimott  atten- 
liiiii  «uid  abililicii  to   Uic  i ros^trity 


and  sfrnriiy  of  the  island  of  Ja- 
maica, hy  .studying  the  greatest  cco« 
nr>mv  in  th*^  exjienditure  for  the 
barriK  k  depart mrnt,  if  cntnistetl  to 
his  management,  and  by  intro- 
ducing such  oU  in\proved  system 
of  di-riplint',  and  such  regul:»rioiM 
inio  tiu:  militia  ^erxice,  as  nu\st 
tc-ud  to  render  tliat  body  n}uch 
n]i>ie  eilicient  for  tlic  defence  of 
the  island,  without  drawing  them 
unn«  (( >-arily  frcuu  their  otiicr  use- 
ful occupations. 


ProceufJir^s  of  t!/r  ll'tWic  (ifJsscmlly 
'll '  ./fV  /// uh  a ,  K\ // j.v/o;/,  { . Mohdotj) 
Ju:a:  2J,    JbU2. 

Rcsohed, 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the 
hcHise  to  send  a  mcs-a^^e  to  Iiis  ho- 
nour {\w.  li<-u!(  iiant-go' .  rr.(»r,  in 
au-^wer  to  his  n-c-sige  ol"  the  J /lb 
instji'.t,  ac^onr,  anitd  by  commuin- 
cations  trom  his  majesty's  secretary 
<jf  s;a!t*  tor  tui-  colonies,  and  eon- 
tain  is  il;-  \\\^  lu'iK  ur"s  seniimenis  rc- 
sp(;cUng  tlie  measuris  projxjscd  in 
tJiat  minister's  letics,  to  inform 
Jii.s  hoiiour  that  die  house,  after 
uiinutely  invent :i;ating  e\ery  aute- 
celint  <ircum>tan(r  connected  with 
tli(  -u!)jt('t.  has  given  the  iiio^t  uuir 
turc  con.'*H;crat':'*n. 

'J'hat  ilie  hou^e  think  it  their 
duty,  in  the  most  ropK'tful  man- 
ner, lo  represent  to  his  ht^ntiur, 
that  liis  n..ij(>t,*s  subjects  in  ihiy 
island,  in  the  full  coniidence  of 
their  luivinir  an  ecjual  ridit  to  r.ro- 
tcclioi:,  for  d<  fence  aid  >ccurit), 
as  his  majesty's  suljeils  r«'iidi  nt 
in  Great  liriuin,  having  at  all  times 
progres^ixelv  eo?i;i"liutvd  tlu  ir  full 
prc;;(r,-ti«;ii  for  detV::ying  the  e\- 
jicDieji  of  the  empiie  at  Jariic,  h;:\c 

unii'.'  u'.ly 


STATE      PAPERS. 


697 


uniformly  resisted  applicatiorts  made 
by  his  majesty's  ministei"s,  tending 
to  burden    this    country  with  the 
British  pay  of  such  troops  as  Jiave 
been  sent  here  for  its   protection  ; 
and  although  from  existing  circum- 
stances tlie  assembly  did,  on  some 
occasions,  depart  from  a  principle 
which  they  consider  to  be  an  in- 
herent right,    the   house    did,    on 
such    occasions,    strongly    remon^ 
^trate  against  tlie  conditions  insist- 
ed   on    by  his  mnjcsty's    ministers 
when  diey  conceded  to  the  wishes 
of   the    country,  as  being   equally 
unconstitutional  as  unjust : 
•  That,    from  the   tir^t    establish- 
ment of-  a   military   force    in    this 
island,    the   representatives   of   the 
people    did,    witji  a    liberality  be- 
coming loyal  and  faithful  subjects, 
provide  an  additional  island  subsist- 
•ence  for   die   troops,    with  conve- 
nient barracks,  hospital  allowances, 
.with  various  accommodations    and 
comforts ;  and  so  early  as  the  year 
1773,  the  council  and  assembly,  in 
a  joint  address  to  his  majesty,  did 
solemnly  pledge   the   faitli .  of   the 
■country  to  continue  such  subsisence, 
and  other  incidents  mentioned,  to 
any  number  of  troops  his  majesty 
jnight  be  graciously  pleased  to  send 
for  tlieir   protection   to  the  extent 
of  3000  men.      I'liis  salutary  pro- 
vision has  been  faithfully  continued 
at  tlie  sole  charge  of  the  Ireland,  and 
-some  additions  have  recently   been 
made  for  the  comfort  of  the  troops, 
a  provision  which   the  house  takes 
leave   to  observe,    is  made    by  this 
island  alorj&  of  all  his  majesty's  ter- 
ritories in  the  West  Indies  : 

That  when  his  majesty  was  so- 

'  liclted  to  add^a  reguiieut  of  cavalry 
to  tlie  force  then  st-itioned  in  the 
island,  and  the  "iOth  regiment  of 
Jight  dragoons  was  laised  and  ijeut 


out,  it  was  not  at  that  time,  i\(v 
at  any  subsequent  period,  consider- 
ed as  a  permanent  establishment, 
and  that  it  was  not  so  will  clearly 
pppear  by  a  reference  to  tli^  votes 
and  proceedings  of  tlie  house  re- 
specting tliat  measure  ;  that  the  ap- 
]»lication  made  to  his  majesty  in 
that  respect  was  an  experiment  je- 
sorted  to,  when  the  situation  of  tlic 
neighbouring  French  colony  of  St, 
Domingo  caused  the  greatest  alarm 
and  terror  for  the  safety  of  this 
country  ;  and  although  the  condi- 
tions on  which  this  force  was  sent 
were  acceded  to  by  the  house,  llic 
strongest  representations  were  made 
against  them  as  being  novel  and  mi- 
constitutional,  and  the  conseni  given 
to  submit  to  such  terras  could  only 
proceed  from  imperious  micessity : 

That  when  the  assembly  agreed 
to  give  British   pay  to  2000  meji, 
tiie  nieasnre  was  held  out  as  a  sub- 
stitute to  avert  tlie  evils  and  immi- 
nent danger    at    thst  time    appre- 
hended by  the  inhabitants  at  large, 
from  having  black  troops  raised  or 
sent  here,    or,  in  other  langu.ige, 
armed  slaves  to  deteiid  and  protect 
the  rights,  the  liberties,  and  proper- 
ties, not  only  of  free  men,  but  <if 
British    subjects, — a   measure    not 
only    considered  to    proceed    from 
ignorance    of    our    local     circuir.- 
stauces,  of   our   la\ys,  and  of  oitr 
constitution,  but  viewed  with  that 
abhorrence  and  indignation   which 
it  could  not  tliil  to  excite.     Recent 
occurrences   in  some    of    his   ma- 
jesty's Windward  Islands,  and  cer- 
lain   instances  which  have  actually 
occurred  of  desertion  of  some  of 
the  black  troops  quartered  in    thi^i 
country,    fuDy  justify   the    aj^prc*- 
hensions  of  the  people  from  having 
a  force  of  this  desaiption  stationed 
iu  their  gaxrisous,  the  more  t^s^-t 


G98 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  J802. 


cially  when  the  dangerous  conse- 
quences wliich  must  follow  upon 
desertion  of  die  black  troops  are 
adverted  to.  This  measure  was 
adopted  by  his  majesty's  ministcM's, 
regiirdlcss  of  repeated  and  urgent 
representations  made  by  the  assem- 
bly against  it,  which  appear  on  the 
journals  of  the  liouse  5  that  when- 
ever such  or  any  otlier  military 
cstablishmeDt  is  found  to  be  inex- 
jiedient  or  dangerous,  it  is  con- 
i-eivcd  that  the  subject  has  an  un- 
doubted right  to  relief  J  and  the 
house  is  well  assured  that  his  ma- 
jesty's paternal  goodness  will  always 
induce  him  to  gratify  the  wishes 
of  his  faithful  subjects  in  tliat  re- 
spect : 

That  in  the  substitute  offered  by 
tlie  assembly  to  pay  and  subsist 
2000  white  troops  at  the  sole  ex- 
pense of  the  country,  it  was  ex- 
pressly stipulated  that  no  black  mi- 
litary establishment  should  be  raised 
jn  or  sent  to  this  island.  An  ad- 
ditional inducement  for  consenting 
to  burden  the  people  witli  so  heavy 
an  ex]>ense,  and  to  depart  from 
what  they  consider  to  be  their  in- 
herent right,  was  the  f\ill  coulidence 
that  most  important  benefits  would 
br'  obtained  from  our  white  popula- 
lion  being  augmented  by  tlie  future 
•  oloniziition  of  tliese  men,  and  their 
lamilies  in  the  island  ;  a  plan,  and 
tlje  means  for  affecting  which  form- 
ed a  part  of  the  proposition.  'I'hat^ 
notwitli standing  tlie  royal  approba- 
tion expressed  of  the  liberal  con- 
duct of  the  assembly,  and  that  the 
general  sentiments  of  his  majesty's 
:;ervanls  appeare^l  to  be  most  fa- 
vourable to  the  measure,  his  ma- 
jesty's Lite  war  minister,  in  a  lett(T 
to  our  agent,  and  the  duke  of 
Portland  in  a  dispatch  to  the  late 
cominauder  ia  chiefs  declared,   in 


tlie  strongest  terms,  their  intention 
of  resuminjj  tlic  establishment  of  ilie 
black  troops,  and  did  actually  send 
the  2d  West  India  regiment  to  this 
island,  in  direct  violation  of  the  con- 
dition agi'cc  d  to  by  themselves  in  re- 
spect to  that  measure,  and  the  con- 
tract entered  into  by  the  assembly 
for  the  British  pay  and  subsistence 
of  2000  men  was  tJiereby  made  void 
to  all  intents  and  purpose*  : 

That  from  tlie  various  considera- 
tions already  stated  the  house  con- 
sider  it  to  be  their  duty  not  to 
comply  with  the  requisition  signi- 
fied in  lord  Hobart's  dispatches,  of 
piiving  and  subsisting  dOOO  trooiw 
at  the  sole  expense  of  this  crjJouy» 
and  their  resistance  is  founded  oa 
constitutional  right  and  justice;  hut 
if  they  could  be  induced  to  depart 
from  their  duty  by  an  inclinatig^ 
to  comply  with  the  minister's  requi- 
sition, the  circumstances  in  whicE 
tills  countiy  is  at  this  time  involved, 
from  the  great  depression  in  tlie 
prices  of  its  various  staples  and 
articles  of  commerce ;  tlie  exor-* 
bitant  rise  in  all  articles  of  Britlsk 
and  Irish  mercliandise  and  provU 
sions  imported ;  the  advanced  price 
of  evciry  article  necessary  for  cul- 
tivation and  subsistence  -,  the  inju- 
rious regulations  and  restrictions  ou 
its  produce  in  the  Ih'itish  markets  j 
the  ruinous  and  oppressive  duties 
existing,  and  likely  to  be  incrcfaiied, 
on  its  imports  from  and  exports  to 
Great  Britain ;  the  ditficulties  at- 
tending its  commercial  intercourse 
with  die  American  states,  from 
whence  many  most  essential  arti- 
cles necessary  for  carrying  on  the 
cultivation  of  our  pro}^rties,  and 
for  the  subsistence  of  the  inhabitants 
of  all  descriptions,  can  alone  be  ob- 
tained, arising  from  the  prohibition 
to  ex^yort  any  article  of  our  staple 

production^ 


STATE     PAPER  S, 


699 


productions  except  rum  and  mo- 
lasses in  American  bottoms ;  and 
the  pressure  of  a  very  heavy  ex- 
isting debt,  for  which  a  high  rate 
of  interest  is  paid ;  render  it  alto- 
gether totally  impossible  for  tlie  peo- 
ple to  pay  such  an  enormous  amount 
of  additional  taxes  as  would  be  ne- 
cessarily required  to  support  such  an 
expensive  -establishment : 

That  the  house  places  tjie  fullest 
confidence  in  tlie  assurances  given 
by  his  honour,  lliat  he  will  devote 
his  utmost  attention  and  abilities  to 
the  prosperity  and  security  of  the 
island  5  by  studying  Uie  greatest 
economy  in  the  public  expenditure  ^ 
apd  by  introducing  such  an  im- 
proved system  of  discipline,  and 
such  regulations  into  the  militia 
service,  as  must  tend  to  render  that 
body  much  more  efficient  for  the 
defence  of  the  island,  without  draw- 
ing tJiem  unnecessarily  from  dieir 
other  useful  occupations : 

That  Uiey  rest  assured  the  sum 
voted  for  the  interior  barrack  de- 
partment will  be  laid  out  with  all 
possible  economy,  and  with  that 
judgment  which  his  honour's  ex- 
perience cannot  fail  to  manifest  : 

That  whenever  his  honour  shall 
be  pleased,  upon  any  future  occa- 
sion, to  lay  before  the  house  any 
specific  propositions,  either  respect- 
ing the  barrack  d(^partnicnt,  or  the 
formation  of  a  corps  of  artificers, 
tlie  same  shall  be  taken  into  most 
serious  consideration. 

And  a  motion  belnjx  made  to 
amend  the  said  loport,  by  adding 
after  the  Vv-ords  "  e\])ensive  esta- 
blishment," the  f(;llowing  dtiuse: 

That  notwithstanding  the  distress 
which  has  ensued  from  the  various 
causes  now  stated,  and  the  difficulty 
of  supporting  any  additional  bur- 
dens,    the   house  being  impreised 


with  a  sense  of  the  expediency  of 
augmenting  the  military  establish- 
ment to  the  extent  recommended 
by  his  honour,  will,  to  evince  their 
zeal,  loyalty,  and  patriotism,  in  the 
support  of  the  British  empire,  con- 
sent to  make  the  usual  profvisioa 
of  subsistence  and  accommodation 
for  tlie  intended  augmented  tbrce  of 
2000  effective  men  fiom  year  lo 
year,  so  long  as  circumstances  may 
render  such  a  number,  or  any  part 
thereof,  necessary  for  protection 
and  defence,  in  addition  to  .the 
3000  for  which  tlie  island  is  already 
pledged  to  provide. 

And  the  question  being  put  upon 
the  said  amendment,  tlie  house  di- 
vided : 

The  ayes  went  forth, 

Ayes  (J  —  Mr.Mui-phy,  Mr.  Grant, 
Mr.'Minot,  Mr.  Ross,  Mr.  Shand, 
Mr.  L.  Cutlibert. 

Noes  24— Mr.  Sharp,  Mr.  M. 
Smith,  Mr.  Stewart  (St.  Eliz.), 
Mr.  HerriuiT,  Mr.  Telfer,  Mr.  C. 
Mitchell,  Mr.  Ogilvic,  Mr.  Chris- 
tie,  Mr.  Edwardes,  Mr.  Kerr,  Mr. 
M'Xenzie,  Mr.  Israeli,  Mr.  W. 
Mitchell,  Mr.  Redwood,  Mr.  Taylor, 
Mr.  P.Smith,  Mr.  Farmer, Mr. Shaw 
(KiJigston),  Mr.  Kaylet,  Mr.  Sheriff, 
Mr.  Schaw  ( Vere),lVlr.  Mo  watt,  Mr. 
G.  Cuthbcrt,  and  Mr.  Jatjues. 

So  it  passed  in  the  negative. 

Resolved,  ^Ihat  tlie  house  do 
agree  to  the  report. 


Message  from  his  Honour  the  Lieti- 
tcnant-goiwrfn/r,  sent  over  to  the 
House  of  jlsscml'lif  on  the  %lst 
Daij  of  June  last,  -^  (Pubti^^ied  ly 
Autlmrity.)' 

Mr.  Speaker, 
I  am  commanded  by  the  lieu- 
teaant- governor  to  lay  before  tlie 
house,  a  rough  estimate  of  the  ex- 
pense 


700        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802/ 


pen.=c!  of  tbrminsc  a  corps  of  bl^irk 
artificer.s,  tn^^t-thcr  with  a  st^.teinnit 
of  tht:  while  ma-;tor  ariiticrrs,  &c. 
r'Hjui'.cd,  inA  tlic  ]Mvt>;ibl('  aanual 
expt'Tisc.  of"  maintaiumj;  th^m,  ex.- 
«;iusivc  of  tl)t:  u.iual  subs'Kstence  to 

His  honour  .hopes  that,  as  lie 
tiiivls  it  inipossibh^  to  station  the 
trofyj^s  or  to  carry  on  the  ncccssiny 
^orks,  with  any  achanliiyre  to  the 
public,  or  the  service  in  general, 
WLliiout  having  the  direction  and 
**criitr  )1  of  the  barrack  depnrtment, 
%lic.  hou^"  of  asseniblv  will  sacrific(' 
their  piivate  convenience  to  tlie 
public  exigency  of  this  very  niate- 
5ial  object,  entrust  the  mana-j^rnient 
tJiereuf  to  hin),  and  pass  an  itt;t  ac- 
I'ordingly,  for  that  purpose*. 

Hi.i  h()iu)ur  truMs  that  he  has  only 
to  refer  the  assembly  to  the  ])ropr'..,::ls 
xijtide  to  the  boir.'d  ot' works,  for  the 
tjonsiniction  of  the  nev/  barrack  at 
IStdney-hill,  sent  to  the  house  in  :t 
foLnier  niessa-'c,  to  ])rove  to  tlie 
mciubers  the  impracticability  of  his 
honour's  undeitakiiicr  to  expend  the 
2(>,00(?/.  voted  by  the  assembly  for 
^iiicrior  barracks  without  tlie  assist- 
siiK:e  of  a  t:or[>s  of  arlihcers ;  and 
ti'.'dl  aiiy  di'lay  of  that  meaMire 
^*onld  defrat  the  ()l)ject  for  which 
that  sum  was  framed. 


Fiocci'dbi^.s  of'thi'Huusi'  ofAsscmlJij, 
^Junt  '22,  lyO'i. 
Ecsolved,  .5th,  'I  hat  a  messa^^e  be 
iJCUfc  to  his  hcr.oer  the.  licutenant- 
'jovernor,  acciuaintino  him  that,  as 
his  honour's  niess:iL^e  to  tlie  housi*. 
this  day  respect iu;^"  the  formation  of 
a.  rr)rps  of  ariiticers,  and  placiui^  the 
barrack  dcpavtn^.ent  under  his  iio- 
iioiu"s  mar.. -iren lent  and  roniK;], 
.riKi  to  pas.'  a  bill  accordingly,  em- 
bnices  cl)iecls  of  vcrv  considerable 


importance,  and  leads  to  investiga- 
tions and  discussions  which,  by  oc- 
casion in  sc  a  further  duration  of  the 
present  st^ssion  at  tliis  season  of  the 
year,  would  prove  higlily  inconve- 
nit-nt;  the  house  reqtiest  tliat  his 
honour  will  permit  them  to  post- 
pone the  consideration  ot  his  mes- 
sage until  the  usual  peiiod  of  meet- 
ing for  the  dispatch  of  ])tib!]c  busi- 
ness, when  they  will  takt*  the  sub- 
ject into  tlieir  most  mature  dcliber-  " 
atioii. 

And  a  motion  being  made,  tliat 
the  hou-e  do  come  to  the  following 
re-ohuion  instead  thereof: 

U'liat  a  c(.>mnjittee  Ih:  appointed 
to  take  into  con  hi  deration  liis  ho- 
nours sixth  me-sage  of  this  day, 
rf^pecling  ihr  apiK^intment  of  a 
(•rjrj)s  ot  rirriiicers,  and  the  esta- 
bli^hnv  nr  of  a  barrack  departmentj^ 
to  b'.  pkiced  under  his  honours  par-. 
llcuiar  dirintion. 

The  house  divided: — ^The  ayes 
went  for di. 

Ayes  11 — Mr.  Edwardes,  Mr. 
Shand,  2vlr.  Mowatt,  Mf.  Herring* 
]\Ir.  Schaw  (Vere),  Mr.  IMurpby, 
Mr.  Grant,  Mr.  Kaylett,Mr.Fai-merjj 
Mr.  Minot,  and  Mr.  P.  Smitli. 

Noes  ]5—Mr.  Sheriff,  Mr. 
Tharj),  Mr.  I'aylor,  Mr.  Christie, 
Mr.  M*Kenzie,'Mr.  W.  MitcheU, 
Mr.  I..  Cuthbert,  Mr.  Stewart  (St. 
¥ava.),  Mr.  G.  Cutlibert,  Mr.  Tel-" 
for,  ]Mr.  Ogilvie,  Mr.  Israeli,  Mr. 
lloss,  Mr.  Kerr,  and  Mr.  M.  Smith, 

So  it  passed  in  the  negative. 

Ilesoivcd,  'lliat  the  hoi>se  do  agiW 
to  the  report. 


Messffgtt 


STATE     papers: 


^dt 


;■ 


Mii'ssnge   of    the  Presuhnit    of  the 
Utdted  States  ofylmerica  to  tlif.  Con-  . 
gress,  on  JVednesday ,  Dec.  15,1 802. 

To  the  senate  and  house  of  rc- 
preficntativcs  of  the  United 
States. 

WHEN  we  assemble  together, 
fellow  citizens,   to  consider 
the  state  of  our  beloved  country,  our 
just  attentions   are  first  drawii   to 
those  pleasing  circumstances  wliich 
raatk  the  goodness  of  that  Being 
from  whose  favour  they  How  ;    and 
■the  large  measure  of  thankfuhK^ss 
.we  owe  for  His  bounty.     Another 
.year  has  come  around  and  fii.ids  us 
•  still  blessed  with  peace  and  friend- 
.ship  abroad -,  law,  order,  and  religion 
,  at  home ;  good  affection  and  har- 
mony with  our  Indiim  neighbours  3 
our  burdens  lightened,  yet  our  in- 
come sufficient  for  the  public  wants  ; 
and  the  produce  of  the  year  great 
beyond    example.      These,    fellow 
citizens,  are  the  circumstances  under 
which'  we  meet ;  and  we  remark, 
with     special     satisfaction,      those 
which,  under  the  smiles  of  Provi- 
dence, result  from  the  skill,  indus- 
try, and  order  of  our  citizens,  ma- 
naging  their  own   aliairs   in    their 
own  way,  and  for  their  own  use, 
unembarrassed  by  ti)o  much  rejru- 
lation,  unoppressed  by  fiscal  cxac- 
■  tions. — On  the  restoration  of  peace 
in  Europe,  tliat  portion  of  the  car- 
ryiDg  trade  which  had  fallen  to  our 
share  during  the  \\  ar,  was  abridged 
by  the  returning  competition  of  the 
b^elligerent   powers.      This   was  to 
be  expected  and  was  just.     But,  in 
addition,  we  find,  in  some  parts  of 
Europe,    monopolizing  discrimina- 
tions, whicli,  in  the  form  of  duties, 
tend  etfectaaliy  to  prohibit  the  car- 
r}^ing  thitlier  our  own  produce  in 
our  own  vessels.      From  existing 


amities,  and  a  spirit  of  justice,  it  i« 
hoped  that  friendly  discussion  will 
produce  a  fail*  and  adequate  reci- 
procity.    But  should  false  calcula- 
tions of  interest  defeat  our  lK)pe,  it 
R\sts  with  the  legislature  to  deckle 
whether  they  will  meet    inequali- 
ties abroad  with  countervailing  ine^ 
(jLialities   at  home,    or  provide  for 
the  evil  in  any  other  way.     Jt  i« 
with  satisfaction  I  lay  before  you  aa 
act  of  the  British  parliament,  anti- 
cipating this  subject,  so  far  as  t« 
authorize  a  mutual  abolition  of  tlw? 
duties,    and  countervailing  duties, 
pemiitted  under  tlie  treaty  of  179^- 
It  shows,  on  their  part,  a  spirit  of 
jusuce  and  friendly  accommodation, 
which  it  is  our  duty  and  our  interest 
to  cultivate  with  all  nations.    Whe- 
ther tills  would  produce  a  due  equa- 
lity in  the  navigation  between  \Xm 
two  countries,  is  a  subject  for  your 
conside'Talion.       Anotliej*    -circum- 
stance which  claims   attention,  as 
directly  aft'ecting  the  ver)'  source  i6f 
our  navigation,  is  tlie  defect,  or  tl>e 
evasion,    of  the  law  providing  tor 
the  return  of  seamen,  and  particu- 
eularly  of  those  belonging  to  \^s- 
sels  sold  abroad.    Numbers  of  thcra,.. 
discharged   in   foreign  ports,   ha\^ 
been  thrown  on  the  hands  of  our 
consuls  ',  who,  to  rescue  them-  fi«oni 
the  dangers  into  which  their  distres- 
.  ses  might  plunge  them,  and  sav<5 
them  to  their  country,  have  tbuod 
it  necessary,-  in  some  cases,  to  ro- 
tm*n  them  at  the  public- charge.  The 
cession  of  the  Spanish  province  of 
Louisiana   to   France,    which  took 
place  in  the  course  of  the  late  war, 
will,  if  carried  into  effect,  make  a 
change  in  the  aspect  of  our  foreie^n 
relations,    which   w'ill,     doubtless, 
havcjust  weight  in  any  deliberations 
of  the  legislature    connected  with 
that  subject.      There  was  reason, 

not 


703         ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 

not  long  since,  to  apprehend  that  extinguished  before  the  re\'oIulioa 
the  waii'are  in  which  we  were  en-  is  sufficient  to  reireive  a  very  respoct- 
gagcd  with  Tripoli,  might  he  taken  able  population,  whicb  congress 
up  by  some  other  ot  the  Barbaiy  will  probably  see  the  ex[)edicncy  of 
powers.  A  reinforcement,  tlierc-  encouraging,  so  soon  as  the  limits 
tore,  was  immediat' ly  ordered  to  hluiU  be  declared.  Wc  arc  to  view 
the  vessels  alri-ady  there.  Subse-  -tiiis  position  as  an  outpost  of  the 
quent  information,  however,  has  United  States,  surrounded  by  strong 
removed  these  appreliensions  for  neighbours,  and  distant  from  its  snp- 
tlie  present.  To  secure  our  com-  port.  And  liow  far  that  monopoly, 
merce  in  that  sea,  with  the  smalloit  which  prevents  population,  shonld 
force  com})etent,  wchave  ^uppnsctl  h;Te  be  guarded  against,  and  actual 
it  best  to  watch  .Mrictlv  the  harbuur  habitation  made  a  condition  of  the 
of  Tripoli.  Siill,  however,  the  continuance  of  title,  will  be  for 
hhnllowness  of  their  coast,  and  the  your  considcrdtion.  A  prompt  set- 
want  of  smaller  vessels  on  our  part,  tlement  too,  of  all  existing  rights 
have  permitted  some  cruisers  to  es-  and  claims  williin  this  territory, 
cape  unobsened ;  and  to  one  of  presents  itself  as  a  preliminary  ope- 
tiicse  an  American  \  cssel  unfortu-  ration.  In  tliat  part  of  the  Indian 
uately  fell  a  prey.  The  captain,  one  tc  rritory  which  includes  Vincenncs, 
American  seaman,  and  two  othen  tlie  lines  sett Jcil  with  the  neighbour- 
4)f  coloiu:,  remain  prisoners  with  ing  tribes  fi\  the  extinction  of  their 
them,  unless  excliauged  under  an  title  at  a  breadth  of  twenty-four 
agreement  fomierly  made  witli  the  leagues  from  east  to  west,  and  aibout 
bashaw,  to  whom,  on  the  faith  of  the  same  len;;th  parallel  with  and 
tliat,  some  of  his  captive  subjcxrfs  including  the  Wabash.  They 
iiad  been  restored.  The  con\xution  have  also  ceded  a  track  of  four 
M-itli  ti)e  state  of  Georgia  has  been  miles  square,  including  the  salt 
ru tilled  by  their  legislature,  and  a  springs  near  tlxe  mouth  of  that  river, 
repurdiase  Irom  tJic  Creeks  has  In  the  department  of  tiuance  it  is 
been  x'onse^iucntly  made  of  a  part  with  pleasure  I  inibnn  you  that  the 
of  the  Talla&scee  country.  In  tliis  receipts  of  external  duties,  for  the 
purchase  lias  been  also  comprehend-  last  twelve  months,  have  exceeded 
<:d  a  part  of  the  lauds  witliin  the  those  of  any  former  year,  and  tint 
fork  of  Oaiuee  and  Oakmulgee  ri-  tlie  ratio  of  increase  has  been  also 
ver.^.  llie  particulars  of  the  contract  greater  than  usual.  This  lias  en- 
will  l)c  laid  bet  ore  con^^ress  so  soon  abled  us  to  answer  all  the  regular 
ati  they  sliall  be  in  a  state  for  com-  exigencies  of  government,  to  pay 
mnnicjtion.  Jii  order  to  remove  from  the  treasur}-,  widiin  one  year, 
csery  ground  of  dttl'crf  nee  |x)ssible  upwards  of  eight  millions  of  dollars, 
with  our  Indian  neighbours,  I  have  priiicipal  and  interest  of  the  public 
proceeded  in  the  work  of  settling  debt,  exclusive  of  upwards  of  one 
with  tlieni)  and  marking  the  bsun-  million  paid  by  the  sale  of  bank 
daries  betAveen  us.  That  with  stock,  and  making  in  the  whole  a 
the  Chactaw  nation  is  tixcd  in  reduction  of  nearly  five  millions  and 
one  part,  and  will  be  through  the  a  half  of  priuci[>ul,  and  to  have  now 
whole  within  a  short  time.  The  in  tiie  treasury  four  millions  and  a 
couiUrv  to  which  their  title  had  b&'U  half  of  rioliur.:.    wliidi  are  in  the 

0 

COXU'iC 


STATE      PAPERS. 


70S 


course  of  application  to  fhe  further 
discharge  of  debt  and  current  de- 
Bands.     Experience  too,  so  far  au- 
tliorJzes  us  to  believe,  if  no  extra- 
ordinary event  supervenes,  and  tlie 
expenses  which  will  be  actually  in- 
curred  shall  not  be    greater    th:m 
were  contemplated  by  congress  at 
their  last  Session,  that  we  shall  not 
lie  disapiwinted  in  the  expectations 
then   formed.      But,   nevertheless, 
as  tlie  effect  of  peace  on  the  amount 
of  duties  is  not  yet  fully  ascertained, 
it  is   the  more  necessary  to  practise 
every  useful  economy,  and  to  in- 
cur no    expense,    which   may    be 
avoided   without   prejudice.      The 
collection  of  the  internal  taxes  hav- 
ing bceti  completed  in  some  of  the 
states,  tlie  officers  employed  in   it 
are  of  course  out  of  commission. 
In  others  tliey  will  be  so  shortly. 
But  iu  a  few,  wliere  the  arrange- 
ments for  the  direct  tax  had  been 
retarded,  it  will  still  be  some  time 
before  tlie  system  is  closed.     It  has 
not  }"et  been  thought  necessary  to 
employ  the  agent  authorized  by  an 
act  of  tiie  last  session,  for  transact- 
ing business  in  Europe  relative  to 
debts  and  loans.    Nor  liave  we  used 
the  power  confided  by  the  same  act, 
of  prolonging  the  foreign  debt  by 
reloans,  and  of  redeeming  instead 
thereof  an  equal  sum    of  the  do- 
mestic debt.     Should,  however,  the 
difficulties  of  remittance  on  so  large 
a  scale  render  it  nccessaiy  at  any 
time,  the  power  shall  be  executed, 
and   the  money   then  unemployed 
abroad   shall,    in    conformity   witli 
that  law,    be    faithfully  employed 
hei"e  in  an  equivalent  extinction  of 
domestic    debt.      Wiien  efiects  so 
salutary  result  from  the  plans  you 
have  already  sanct  ioned,wlicn  uicrely 
by  avoiding  f  ilse  objects  of  expense, 
we  are  able,  witJiout  a  direct  tax, 
nithout  iutenial  raxes,  and  without 


borrowing,  to  make  large  and  effec- 
tual payments  tou-ards  the  discharge 
of  our  public  debt,  and  the  emanci- 
pation of  our  posterity  from  that 
mortal  canker,  it  is  an  encourage- 
ment, fellow  citizens,  of  the  highest 
order,   to  proceed  as  we  have  begun 
in   substituting  economy  for  taxa- 
tion, and  in  pursuing  what  is  useful 
for  a  nation,  placed  as  we  are,  rather 
tlian  what  is  practised  by  others  un- 
der dillerent  circumstances.     And 
whensoever  we  are  destined  to  meet 
events  which  shall  call  forth  all  the 
enei-gies  of   our  countrymen,    we 
have  the  firmest  reliance  on  those 
energies,  and  the  comfort  of  leav- 
ing for  calls  like  these,  the  extraor- 
dinaiy  resources  of  loans  and  inter- 
nal taxes.     In  the  mean  time,  by- 
payments  of  tlie  principal  of  our 
debt,  we  are  liberating,   annually, 
portions  of  the  external  taxes,  and 
forming  from  them  a  growing  fiind, 
still  further  to  lessen  the  necessity  of 
recurring  to  extraordinary  resources. 
The  usual  account  of  receipts  and 
expenditures,     for    the    kist    year^^ 
with  an  estimate  of  tlie  expenstes  of 
the  ensuing  one,  will  be  laid  t)efore 
}-ou  by  the  secretary  of  tlie  treasur5^ 
j\6  change  being  deemed  necessary 
in  our  military  establishment,  an  es- 
timate of  its  expenses  tor  the  ensu- 
ing year,  on  its  present  footing,  as 
also  of  the  sums  to  be  employed  in 
fortitications,     and    odier    object* 
witliin  that  department,  has  been 
prepared  by  the  secretary  at  \^'ar, 
and  will  make  a  part  of  the  general 
estimates  which  will  be  presented 
to  you.     Considering  that  our  re- 
gular troops  are  employed  for  local 
purposes,  and  that  the  militia  is  our 
general  reliance  for  great  and  sud- 
den emergencies,  you  will  doubtless 
think  this  institution  worthy  of  a  re- 
view, and  give   it  those  improve- 
ments of  which  y^u  find  it  suscep- 
tible/ 


704        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  l$6^i 


tri)lc.  E^tiiTiaU's  for  the  naval  dt^- 
p:tr-!nt'iit,  prepared  by  the  ^5^'C^etary 
«l  tht^  navy  tor  aiiotier  yi^ar,  will 
fii  like'  nianicr  b«  communir?jtcd 
^  ilh  the  general  estiniritrs.  A  small 
forcv  in  Viiti  Med  iter  ran  (-.an  will  still 
be  ntrcc^.saiy  to  rrs train  tht:lnpo- 
Iine  cruisers  :  and  the  uneertain 
tenure  of  peare  witji  some  other  of 
tlie  IJavbary  powers,  may  eventually 
refjuire  that  force  to  be  a\iu;mented. 
I'lie  necessity  of  procurini^  som(^ 
smaller  vessels  for  that  ser>'i(:e  will 
raJS(^  the  estimate ;  but  the  difler- 
cnce  in  their  maintenance  will  soon 
make  il  a  measure  of  economy. 
Presuming  it  will  be  deemed  expe- 
dient to  exj)end  annually  a  conveni- 
ent sum  towards  providing  the  naval 
defence  which  our  situation  may 
require,  1  cannot  but  recommend 
that  the  first  appropriations  for  that 
purpose  may  go  to  the  saving  what 
we  already  possess.  No  cares,  no 
attentioiis,  can  preserve  vessels  fjont 
rapid  decay,  which  lie  in  water,  and 
«?xposed  to  the  s»n.  These  decays" 
re'juire  grf:at  and  constant  repairs, 
and  will  coi^.sume,  if  continued,  a* 
great  portion  of  the  monies  destined 
to  n:i\al  purposes.  I'o  avoid  this 
vasie  of  our  resources,  it  is  pro- 
posetl  to  add  to  oar  navy-yard  here 
a  dock,  within  \\hicli  our  present 
vessels  may  be  laid  up  dry,  and 
under  cover  from  the  sun.  Un- 
der these  circumstances  experience 
proves  that  works  of  v.  ood  will  re- 
main scarcely  at  all  iittected  by 
time.  The  great  aluuidanc  c  of  run- 
ning water  which  this  situation  pos- 
sesses, ;(t  lieighls  far  abtne  the  level 
of  the  tide,  if  cmph;yed  as  is  prac- 
tised tor  lock  navigation,  furnishes 
tlio  means  for  raising  and  laying  up 
our  vessels  on  a  dry  sheltered  bed. 
Ar.d  should  the  measure  be.  found 
li-.elul  hert;,  similar  depositories  for 
laying  up,  as  well  ai>  Ibr  buildhi«j 


and  repairinjx  vessels,  may  bereaftdf 
be  undertaken  at  other  navy  yards; 
offering  the  same  means.  The  plaD» 
and  estimates  of  the  wofk,  prepared 
by  a  person  of  skill  aiKi  experience, 
will  be  presented  to  yon  without 
delay  ;  and  from,  these  it  will  be 
seen  that  scarcely  more  than  hasf 
b(*(!n  the  cost  of  one  vessel  Is  neces- 
sary to  save  the  w  hole,  and  that  the 
annual  sum  to  be  employed  towards 
its  completion  may  be  adapted  'to 
th.e  views  of  tlic  legislature  as  to  na- 
val expenditure.  To  cultivate  peace^ 
and  maintain  commerce  and  navi- 
gation in  all  their  lawiul enterprises; 
to  fo>ter  our  lisherics  as  nurseries  of 
navigation,  and  for  the  nurture'  of 
man,  and  protect  the  manufacturea 
adajned  to  our  crrcurastances  5  to 
presci-\e  the  faith  of  the  nation  by 
an  exact  discharge  of  its  debts  and 
eonUacts,  expend  tlie  public  money 
with  the  same  care  and  economy 
we  would  practise  with,  our  own, 
and  impose  on  our  citizens  no  un- 
necessary burdens}  to  keep  in  all 
things  uiihin  the  pale  of  our  con- 
stitutional  powers,  and  cherish  the 
federal  union,  as  the  only  rock"  of 
safcrty^  these,  fellow  citizens,  are 
the  landmarks  by  which  we  are- to 
guide  ourselves  in  all  our  proceed-* 
ings.  Ey  continuing  to  make  these 
our  rule  of  action,  we  shall  endear 
to  our  eoimtrymen  tlie  true  prin« 
ciples  of  tlieir  constitution,  and  pn>f 
mt>tc;  an  union  of  sentiment  and  of 
action,  equally  auspicious  to  their 
hapj)hieos  and  safety^  On  my.  "part, 
yi/U  may  count  a  cordial  concar- 
lence  in  e\ery  measure  for  die  pub* 
lie  good}  and  on  all  tlie  information 
1  possess  which  may  enable  you  to 
dih«  harge  to  advantage  tlie  high 
fui'.ctions  with  which  you  are  iu* 
vested  by  )'our  country. 

(Signed)     Tiiomas  Jeflierson. 

CHARACTERS. 


'i 


•  ' 


L     705     ] 


CHARACTERS 


Character  of  John  Earl  of  Clare,  late 
Lord  High  Chancellor  of  Ireland, 
(from  a  Sermon  prcaclwd  hj  Dr. 
J^illiam  Magee,  at  Trijiity  Cha- 
pel,  Dublin,  February  7,  1802.) 

HAVING  been  engaged  in 
scenes  of  peculiar  agitation 
and  difficulty  5  having,  from  die 
energies  of  his  mind,  and  the  du- 
ties of  his  situation,  been  led  to 
take  an  active  part  in  events,  which 
involved  deep  interest  and  excited 
much  resentment ;  having  been  uni- 
formly connected  with  the  party  of 
administration,  daring  a  period,  in 
which  tlie  governing  power  (from 
whatever  cause)  was  occupied  in 
the  warmest  contests,  and  resisted 
by  the  most  vehement  opposition  : 
it  siiould  not  eistcite  surprise,  if 
either  his  character  should  have 
taken  some  tincture  from  the  acri- 
monious politics  of  the  times,  or  if 
the  exasperation  of  party  should 
have  affixed  to  it  qualities  which 
were  either  against  or  beyond  tlie 
truth. 

Details  of  political  conduct  are 
hot  the  proper  subjects  for  tliis 
place  :  and,  perhaps,  in  all  cases, 
tiie  actions  and  motives  of  political 
men  should  be  viewed  from  a  dis- 


tance, to  feduce  them  ft'diri  the 
exaggerated  standard  of  party-feel- 
ing to  their  true  and  natural  di-  ' 
mensions.  This  much  suffice  it  to 
sa)S  that  having  once  chosen  the 
line  of  his  /  public  exertions,  his 
conduct  was  uniformly  firm,  manly, 
and  consistent.  Equally  insensible 
to  the  acclamations  and  the  menaces 
of  popular  zeal,  he  pursued  un- 
daunted his  onward  course :  and  it 
is  not  impossible,  that  an  indigna- 
tion conceived  against  the  gross  and 
often  mischievous  sacrifices  to  po« 
pularity,  which  in  his  political  ex- 
perience he  must  have  too  frequently 
witnessed,  might  have  thrown  the 
bias  to  the  contrary  side,  and  con- 
firmed in  him  an  indifference  to 
popular  opinion. 

That  unshaken  firmness  which 
marked  his  character,  and  directed 
his  steps  through  life,  was  discern- 
able  on  particular  occasions,  in  pro- 
portion as  they  brought  with  them 
the  difficulty  or  the  danger  that 
called  forth  its  display.  Of  these 
occasions,  two  may  be  sufficient  to 
notice;  one  of  them  endangering 
his  political,  ayd  the  other  his  per- 
sonal, existence. 

On  the  former  *,  we  behold  him 
risking    station,     emolument,    and 

power, 

»  The  reader  will  easily  perceive,  that  the  measure  of  the  regency  is  that  to  which 
reference   is   here  made — a  measure,  which,  in    opposition  to  the  most  able  and 
strenuous  exertions  of  Mr.  Fitrgibbon,    xhcn  attorney-general,  was  decided  by  the    . 
V'i.4..  XUV.  Zz  Irish 


CHARACTERS. 


707 


OT  equity,  by  the  technical  dexteri- 
ties of"  4  fimidulent  chicane. 
■  Nor  were  the  salutary  effects  of 
his  superintending  care  confined  to 
the  subordinate  ranks  of  the  profes- 
rion.     To  the  honest  exercise  of 
that  authority^  which  the  eminence 
of  his  station  ai¥i    services    must 
Lave  secured   to  his  official  repre- 
sentations^    we  may,    in  no  small 
degree,   attribute    that    chasteness 
of  selection,   which  is  allowed  fbr 
many  years  to  have  guided  tlie  ju- 
cfidal  appointments*    The  disinter- 
ested mend  of  real  talents  and  true 
I^jal   knowledge^,  to  tlie  zeal  and 
moment  of   his    recommendation, 
18  the  public  in  a  great  measure  in- 
debted for  the  many  splendid  onia- 
meats  of  which  the  judicial  bench 
of  this  country  can  boast :    for  it 
may  safely  be  pronounced,  that,  in 
a  majority  of  instances  at  least,  tlie 
wisdom  of  the  government  took  the 
Erection  of  its  choice,    from  the 
opinions  and  views  of  him,  whom 
ail  knew  to  be  so  well  qualified  to 
descern,  and   so  warmly  interested 
to  promote,  what  was  most  condu- 
dve  to  the  respectability  of  the  bar, 
and  the  interests  of  justice. 

An  enemy  to  pretenders  of  all 
descriptions  j  to  those  who,  by  in- 
direct means,  would  intercept  tlie 
reward  of  professional  ability  and 
worthy  he  must  naturally  have  left 
behind  him  not  a  few  who  will  la- 
'  boilr  to  traduce  his  character  and 
Tilify  his  motives :  but  from  all 
that  is  liberal,  judicious,  and 
respectable,  in  the  profession  5 
from  all  who  know  how  to  appre- 
ciate the  value,  of  an  upright  and 
able  dispensation  of  justice  in  the 


land  5  from  the  general  voice  of  the> 
nation,  which  may  have  long  indeed 
to  wait  for  a  successor^,  possessed  of 
similar  endowments ;  the  most  ho- 
nourable and  lasting  testimony  will 
be  borne,  not  more  to  his  excellen- 
cies as  a  judge,  than  to  his  beneficial 
exertions  as  superintendent  of  tlie 
whole  department  of  the  law. 

On  remaining  particulars  I  .must 
not  too  long  detain  your  attention. 
As  to  his  private  life,    it  is  well 
known,  that    the    same  steadiness 
which  sustained  his  public  conduct 
governed  his  personal  attachments. 
His  friendships  were  sincere   and 
fixed :  —and  altliough  in  a  cliaracter  - 
marked  by  such'  strength  of  fea- 
tures, the  lineaments  of  the  softer 
virtues  could  scarcely  be  expected  to 
mix,  yet  they  who  knew  liim  in  the  ' 
unbendings  of  his  retirement  have 
often  witnessed  the  genuine  indica- 
tion of   their  existence,    and    can " 
fully  attest  the    spontaneous    and 
animated  emotions  of  a'  latent  ten- 
dcmess,  which  it  seemed  as  much 
his  study  carefully  to  conceal,  as,  • 
in  tliis  age  of  aflected  sensibility, 
it  is  that  of  others  to  display.     In 
this,  indeed,   as  in  other  parts  of 
his  character,  it  is  to  be  lamented, 
tliat  an  habitual  disgust  against  all 
hypocritical  appearances  had  so  fiir 
wrought  upon  his  mind,  as  to  ren- 
der him  generally  anxious  to  sup- 
press, lest  he  might  be  supposed  to 
affect,    feelings    and  qualities    the 
mast    honourable    and    endearing. 
The  occasions,  however,  have  not 
been  few,  in  which,  even  to  the 
public  eye,  the  milder  affections  of 
his  nature  have  broken  through  this- 
restraint  *.     And,    if  the  charities 

tt 

•  A  strikini;  instance  of  this  appeared  at  the  visitation,  held  in  the  college,  in  tHe  ' 
.  month  of  April  1798,  at  which  lord  Clare  presided  as  vice-chancellor.    On  this  occa- 
«ion,  notwithstanding  his  indignation  at  the  horrible  conspira^y  "which  had  shed  iHf 

Z  z  2  poi&oa 


70S 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 


of  domestic  life  be  received  as  evi- 
dence of  die  kindly  dispositions  of 
the  heart,  perhaps  in  no  case  can 
8uch  proof  be  adduced  more  abund- 
ant and  convincing. 

In  all  matters  of  pecuniary  con- 
cern, his  dealings  were  directed  by 
a  strict  and  punctual  regard  to  his 
engagements ;  and,  at  the  same 
time,  distinguished  by  a  liberality 
which,  widiout  indulging  in  those 
excesses  that  beget  embarrassm<mt 
and  sacrifice  independence,  mani- 
fesdy  evinced  a  mind  aloof  from 
the  sordid  love  of  accumulation. 
In  him,  indeed,  honesty  and  libera- 
lity can  scarcely  be  said  to  have, 
claimed  the  rank  of  virtues.  Th(*y 
required  no  effort,  and  could  boast 
no  triumph,  where  a  rooted  con- 
tempt of  wealth  precluded  all  means 
of  their  counteraction.  And  it  de- 
ser\-es  to  be  remarked,  that  amongst 
the  numerous  calumnies  which  a 
vindictive  malice  has  endeavoured 
to  cast  upon  the  fame  of  this  dis- 
tinguished person,  the  tongue  of 
slander  has  never  whispered  the  im- 
putation of  a  single  act  of  merce- 
nary meanness. 

With  the  quality  here  noticed 
was  connected  another,  in  which, 
as  in  the  former,  it  were  happy  if 
the  gentry  of  our  country  regarded 
him  as  a  model  for  their  imitation  j 
I  mean,  his  generosity  as  a  land- 
lord }  which,  whilst  it  led  him  to 
look  with  an  indulgent  lenity  on  the 
deficiencies  of  the'  industrious  te- 
nant, secured  to  die  ancient  occu- 
pier of  the  soil  t.h«  renewed  pos- 
session of  his  litde  patrimony,  un- 
distmbed  by  any  apprehension  from 


those   necessities,   or    that    avicfity 
which   too. often  impel  our  land-^ 
holders  to  saerifice  to  the  prospect 
of  gain,  the   claims,  the  comforts, 
and  die  independence  of  the  'pea- . 
sant,  by  surrendering  him   to  the 
rapacity  of  a  class  of  men,  who 
used  to  view  die  cultivator,  like  the 
cJod   he  tills,    but  as  a   aubject  of 
profitable    traffic,    have,    by    their  ^ 
unfeeling  cxtortitxiSj  constituted  one 
of  die  most  perniciously  operating . 
causes  of  the  wretchedness,  the  ig- 
norance, and  the  degradation,  of  th9 
lower  order  of  our  people.  ^ 

I  turn  now  to  the  consideradofk  of  * 
those  points  in  which  we  must  frd.  , 
a  more  immediate   concern.     Hia. 
unvarying  attachment    to    the  in- 
terests of  the  established  religion  of? 
these  countries  should  not  he.  for*. 
gotten  in  this  place.     Founded  for 
the  express  purpose  of  traching  and. 
propagadng  that  religion  which  we 
believe   to  be  the  religion  of  the 
gospel,  we  must  naturajly  retain  a 
gratefiil.  remembrance  c€  those  stre* 
nuous  exerdons  which  at  all  times  < 
he  opposed  to  the  des^s  of  those    ■ 
wlio  laboured  to  erect   upon  thb- 
niins  of  our    protestant  -e$tab]idip. 
ment,  the  gloomy  febric  of  an  tr- 
roneoiLs,  an  exclusive,  and  an  iote-^ 
lerant  super.-jtition.     We  must  nt* 
turally  retain  a  gi-ateful  remembrance 
of  his  services,  when  w*e  consider,    ' 
diat  at  die  moment  when  a  stiat^ 
spirit  of  an  innovation  (combined,.  . 
as  it  must  have  been,  with  an  in* 
difference  to  religious  truth)  had  sa 
far  perverted  the  judgment  of  some 
who  held  the  helm  of  the  slate,  as    ~ 
to  induce  them  to  hazard  a. mad  ex-  .*. 


prison  even  into  the  recesses  of  academic  seclusion,  the  severity  of  justice  seemed  to 
melt  a^vay  in  compassion  for  the  errors  of  youthful  credulity ;  and  the  afTectioiMte 
suavity  of  paurnai  remonstrance,  ia  many  cases,  superseded  the  strict  sentence  of  jup 
4i<ial  condemaation. 

periinei^. 


• « 


.» 


9 

w 
%. 

r 


CHA.RACXERJS,  .  .709 

perimcnt  \jpoft  tlje  esiablishijient  of  his  ac3jdemijp  labours  Had  been  #9 

the -empire,  he,  boidly,  in  the  face  Kichly  crowiied*,    c^osjjii-ii^g  wit^ 

of-power,  and  ifl  wiitempt  of  iijflu-  jhi3  professional  endeav(»ifs  ip  b^. 

eiice,-resisted  the  ajttempt ;  and,  by  balf'^of  its  political  independiencc  t> 

the  manlinciLS  of  his  efl'orts  cooper-  »aturally  le^  to  his  oonuection  witjl^ 

ating  with  tlie  bcneliceijt  views  of  the  university,  in  the  quality  of  rer 

the  father  of  his  people,  contrived  meseiUativp ;  apd  to  this,  after  a^ 

to  deteat  the  rash  design.  interval  of  some  years,  succeeded  9 

But  it  is  not  dxcough  Uie  medium  connection  of  another  and  a  higher 

<rf  the  establibhrnent  alone,  that  we  kind,  by  whiph  the  supreme  super- 

£od  an  interest  in  the  retrospect  of  intendaice  of  tlie  institution  yrai^ 

his  exertions.     Educated  in  tluj^'  se-  vested  in  his  hands  :f .  . 

minary,  he  here  laid  the  foundation  In  this  last  relaiion,  which  conti- 

jCi£  those  intellectual  improvements  nued  whilst  he  lived,  the   benefits 

and  exhibited  tlie  first  specimen  of  whidi   thi?  place    has  expeiienced 

those  talents  and  tliat  perse\  crance  have  baen  important,  and  should  bp 

which  afterwards  advanced  him  to  gratefully  acjcnowledged.     To.  him 

the  highest  offices  in  the  state.  we  owe  that  liberal  and  just  deci« 

His   early   intercourse  witli  this  sion  ||,  which,  by  restoring   to  the 

society,  and  tlie  honours  by  which  governing  part  of  tiiis  body  its  diie 

deliberative 

*  Mr.  Fitzgil)boii*s  collegiate  honours  make  a  distinguished  appearance  on  the  fece 
of  our  public  records.  Having  entered  the  college  of  Dublin,  as  fellow -commoner, 
in  the  year  17<>3,  be  appears  to  have  prosecuted  his  studies  with  unusual  diligence 
and  success.  The  competition  beiween  him  and  the  celebrated  Mr.  Grattan  was  un- 
remitting thiou;;h  the  entire  of  their  course.  Being  always  of  the  same  division,  they 
were  uccesiaiily  engaged  in  immediate  contest  for  those  academic  rewards  that  are  be- 
stowed on  superiority  of  answering  at  the  suted  quarterly  examlnationsk  It  is  inter^ 
estmg  to  trjic«;  ih rough  tlie  judgments,  and  the  prizes  allotted  to  .these  several  exa- 
minations, the  eagerness  of  the  struggle  for  preeminence,  which  at  this  early  day  com* 
menceil,  between  two  men  so  conspicuous,  and  who  have  since  carried ^that  struggle 
into  the  highest  concerns  of  life.  Mr.  Grattan  seems  to  have  taken  the  lead  at  the 
>  commencement  of  the  course,  having  won  from  his  competitor  the  premium  and 
certificate  in  two  of  tiic  examinations  of.  the  junior  ;freshman  year.  But  .victory 
then  changed  sides,  and  continued  with  his  opponent  through  the  remainder  a(  tlie 
cpntest :  Mr.  Fitzgibbon  bearing  away  from  him,  in  every  succeeding  instance,  the 
premium  or  certificate ;  and,  being  particularly  distinguished,  at  the  Hitaiy  examina-^ 
tion  of  1700,  by  the  extraordinary  judgment  of  Optime,  conferred  on  his.  traUb- 
liod  of  the  Gcorgics,   by  the  late  Dr.  Law.  •        . 

f  The  validity  of  the  return  of  Mr.  Richard  HeJy .Hutchinson,  (oow  lord  DoQougik- 
more;,  as  rcj)rcs<.ntative  of  the  university  of  Dublin,  yras  tr^d  J^fure.a^ommiitee,of 
the  house  of  cc-mnions,  in  the  month  of  ^^ebruary  1777.  The  ability  smd  ^pal  of. 
Mr.  Fit/gibbon,  who  act\d  as  counsel  on.  the  .part,  of  those  wlio  WW  desirous  ^t© 
preserve  the  purity  of  Ci.iiege  elections,  wcte.on  this  occasion, conspicuous  and  triuBV 
phaut.  .^nd  in  the  folIo\ving,nv>nih,  he  received  fcoqi.the  university  the  bohopra]{le 
reward  of  his  i^ervices  ;  being  elected  in  -tlie  room  of  I\]pi..HutchiiisQn,  whose  cetur^ 
had  been  annulled  by  trie  committee,  on. the  ground  of  undiic^iniftaeace  Iq  t|ie 
returning    oliieer,    the    right .  honourable    Jphn  .Hely   Hut/;^ii'ijsoij,    pfoypst   of  the 

lege.  •■.'."•* 

+  On  tlic.rtsigiiation  of  the  ofHce  of  vicc-chanccjlor . to  the.  liniycr^ity,  by  pn'm^e 
Robinson,  the  earl  of  Clare  whs  appointed  to  that  office  by  his  royal  Jii^h&eSf  the  duJM 
of  Gl'Uice^ter,  on   tlie  22d  of  June  1791. 

»||  'J \)  those  who  are  unacquainted  with  the  history  of  the  college,  some  explanation 
441  this  he*di^  necessary.    The  charter  has  vested  in  the  provost  and  seivipr  fellows 'fb^ 

Z  t  3  j^vcm'meot 


710         ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


deliberative  weight,  has  for  ever  se- 
cured the  interests  of  education  from 
the  blighting  influence  of  a  despotic 
will.  Tp  his  vigilance  we  owe 
the  presenation  of  tliis  place  from 
the  unnatural  conspirac}'  which  tlie 
frenzy  of  the  times  had  raised  up, 
even  within  these  walls :  and  to  his 
regard  for  the  reputation  of  our  semi- 
nary we  are  indebted  for  the  honour- 
able testimony  which,  on  so  many 
public  occasions,  he  willingly  be- 
stowed on  tlie  general  loyalty  of  our 
3'outh.  To  him  also  we  are  indebted 
for  another  benefit,  perhaps  not  infe- 
rior to  any  that  has  been  noticed ; 
for  that  active  and  zealous  inter- 
ference, which,  by  disappointing 
the  hopes  and  disaniccrting  the  in- 
trigues of  insufficient  pretenders, 
was,  on  an  occasion  not  iav  dis- 
tant, so  happily  instrumental  in 
preventing  the  recurrence  of  tliat 
system  of  political  intliienoe,  which, 
by  disturbing  the  appointment  to 
the  presidency  of  this  society  from 
the  just  ground  of  academic  claims, 
has  already  at  certain  times  injured, 
and  whenever  resorted  to  must  in- 
jure, most  essentially,  tlie  well  be- 
ing of  tlie  institution. 

Such  were  some  of  the  merits, 
and  some  of  the  actions,  of  this 
eminently  endowed  personage,  who 


is  now  no  more.    If  there  were 
faidts  in  the  character,  whicfa^  in 
the  opinion  of  some,  cast  a  shade 
on  its  many  shining,  qualities,  thii 
is  but  the  lot  of  man.    To  detect   '.^ 
faults   is  more  easy,  and  less  pro-  y 
fitable,  than  to  emulate  virtues:  and  .; 
in  a  life  so  active,  and  so  conspi* 
cuous,  it  were  strange  if  there  wer^ 
not  many  thing?    to  provoke 're- 
sentment, and  some  to  incur  cen- 
sure.     If,    however,,  there"  were*. 
faults,  these  are  not  for  us  to  can-', 
vass.    They  are   now  before  that^  - 
Judge,  in  whose  presence  the  great- 
est must  stand,  and  to  whom  be 
must  render  a  solemn  account  of  all. 
his  actions.  •> 

This  awful  consideration  leads" . 
me  unavoidably  to  the  mention  of 
one  particular  more  \n  the  history 
of  tlie  deceased,  which  is  too  ipj-^ 
portant  to  be  omitted  on  the  prefsegt 
occasion :  I  mean,  that  seriou^neys 
of  religious  impression,  that  feeling 
of  accountablcness  to  a  supreme  tri- 
bunal, so  unequivocally  jnanifestel 
in  the  interesting  and  emphatic']^- 
guage  in-whicli  he  has  spoken'  (In  his  - 
last  melancholy  document)  of.  the 
mercies  and  cliastening  of  his^God. 
There  is  too  often  reason  to  lament 
that  such  impressions  have  been 
weakened,  if  not  effaced,    by  the- 


•I 


government  of  the  wciety,  and  the  election  of  fellows.  The  provosts,  however,  liid^ 
for  a  scries  of  years^  assumed  a  veto  in  all  cases,  and  in  the  election  of  fellows  the 
direct  power  of  nomination,  even  in  opposition  to  the  suffrages  of  all  the  reniainii]^ 
electors.  This  unvrarrantable  usurpation  was  not  permitted  long  to  survive  the  ap- 
pointment of  lord  Fitzgibbon  to  the  office  of  vice-chancellor.  At  a  visitation,  held  in 
the  August  of  I7v^i,  it  was  maHe  the  subject  of  judicial  inquiry,  and  pronounced, 
by  the  vice-chancellor,  with  thf  concurrence  of  his  covisitor,  the  archbishop  of 
'  publin,  to  have  been  a  jrrfc's  violation  of  the  charter.  And  by  this  means,  a  finil 
stop  wa<?  put  to  abi.  cs,  corruption,  and  oppressiohs,  of  which  none,  who  had  not  a 
xntlancholy  expejiencc  o^'tho'^e  times,  can  form  any  conecptiyn. 

It  i:*  but  jj'-.tice,  however,  to  the  memory  of  Dr.  Young,  to  state,  that  by  him 
was  the  legality  of  these  extraordinary  claims  first  brought  regularly  into  discussion ; 
and  that  an  argument  on  this  subject,  which  would  have  done  honour  tp  the  ablest. 
kiid  bot  informed  legal  undei^iandin^,  had  been  drawn  up  and  published  by  hiia 
il>  ■  the  year '1790.  • 

distracting 


CHARACTERS. 


711 


distracting  agitations  of  political  col- 
ii&ion^  and  by  the  habits  of  a  pro- 
fesslon>  "whose  object  is,  for  the 
most  part,  rather  the  exficise  of  a 
gainful  ingenuity  than  scientific  ac- 
quisition of  truth. 
.  That  the  combination  of  these 
causes,  although  operating  in  tlie 
present  instance  with  peculiar  force, 
yet  tailed  to  produce  on  his  mind 
this  unliappy  effect,  wrU  be^  best 
proved  by  the  recital  of  the  words 
in  which  he  has  himself  expressed 
hit  religious  sentiments  : — "  I  ear- 
nestly entreat  for  pcirdon  of  my  sins 
from  the  mercy  of  Almighty  God. 
I  am  truly  sensible  of,  and  grateful 
for,  the  many  blessings  which, 
through  his  mercy  and  goocjness, 
I  have  enjoyed  in  this  world ;  and  • 
bow,  as  becomes  me,  with  resigna- 
tion, to  such  afHictions  as  have  been 
visited  upon  mc,  hoping,  tlirough 
the  mercy  and  mediation  of  niy  Re- 
deemer, his  blessed  Son,  for  salva- 
tion in  the  next  world.'* 

Are  tlicse  tlic  fcdings  of  a  Chrisr 
tian,  or  not  ?  And  these,  it  must 
be  remembered,  are  not  the  me- 
chanical and  momentary  efi'usions 
of  a  mind  startled  into  an  artificiid 
piety  at  die  nearer  view  of  ap- 
proaching dissolution,  but  tlie  calm 
and  deliberate  breathings  of  the 
heart,  at  a  time  when  the*  enjoy- 
ment of  unimpaired  healtli  and  un- 
abated vigour  might  be  sappo»>e4 
to  preclude  all  apprehensions  of 
death ;  and  when  the  full  posses^ 
sion  of  wealth,  power,  and  every 
other  object  of  worldly  pursuit, 
might  be  supj)usrd  nc^t  jV'ss  lo  i)re- 
clude  every  cause  of  dissatisfaction 
with  life.  Perhaps  tlitire  was  no  one 
period  at  which  he  had  apparently 


better  reason  to  expect,  or  stronger 
inducements  to  desire,  a  continu- 
ance of  life,  tlian  that  very  period 
at  which  he  seems  to  have  been 
thus  anxious  to  set  his  house  iu 
order  in  preparation  for  death* 

But  the  high  value  he  set  upon 
the  belief  and  the  hopes  of  a  Chris* 
tian,  may  be  inferr^  yet  furtlier, 
from  the  anxious  solicitude  with 
which  he  entreats,  that  the  same 
sources  of  consolation,  and  the  same 
springs  of  virtuous  action,  which  ho 
describes  as  having'  ministerexl  ho 
effectually  to  his  support  and  direc- 
tion, should  be  securcd  for  tlie 
guidance  of  those  for  wliose  hap}M- 
ness  he  felt  in  common  with  his 
own. 

Afler  mu*:h  excellent  advice,  re- 
specting the  education  and  conduct 
of  his  children,  he  concludes  with 
expressing  his  most  earnest  desire, 
that  tlie  utmost  care  should  be 
taken  *'  to  instil  into  tlieir  minds, 
from  their  earliest  years,  the  prin- 
ciples of  morality  and  the  Ciiristian 
religion  j  and,  above  all  other,  the 
precepts  of  the  same,  a  love  of 
truth  and  justice,  wlpcb"  (he  adds) 
•'  tliey  will  find ,  the  best  inherit- 
ance tli  at  I  can  transmit  to  them." 


Particulars  of  the  Life  and  Character 
of'  Dr.  William  Robertson^  from 
hvi  Mevioirs,  written  l-if  Prtfssor 
Dtigald  Steirart, 

WILLIAM  Kobcrtson,  D.  D. 
late  principal  of  tlie  univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh,  and  historiogr;]- 
pher  to  his  majesty  for  Scotland,  \\  as 
tlie  son  of  the  reverend  William  Ro- 
bertson, minister  of  the  old  Gray 


•  The  chancellor's  will  bears  4atc  liMp  the  month  of  Dcccmbf  $  1 8po, 

2'Z  4  ^riaw 


712         ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802. 


Friars  church,  and  of  Eleanor  Fit- 
cairn,  daughter  of  David  ritrairn,c.sq. 
of  Drerhoni.  By  his  father  he  wns 
descended  from  the  Robertsons  of 
Ghidnev,  in  the  couniy  of  I'w'c.',  a 
brancli  of  the  respectable  laii^'ly  of 
the  same  name,  which  has,  for  many 
jj;enerations,  possessed  the  estate  of 
St  man  in  Pertljshire. 

He  was  born  in  1721,  at  Borth- 
wick  ('11  the  cotinty  of  Mid  Lotlii^n), 
where  Lis  father  was  then  minister  j 
and  received  the  tirst  nidi  men  ts  of 
his  education  at  the  school  of  Dnl- 
keitli,  which,  from  the  li'i'J)  reputa- 
tion of  INIr.  I^.ilie  as  a  teacher,  was 
at  tliat  time  resorted  to  from  all  parts 
of  Soullniui.  In  1733,  he  again 
joined  iiN  father's  family  on  their 
rem(;\al  ir;  Kdinbin-j]jh  j  and,  towards 
tlie  end  ol'the  same  vLar,  he  entered 
on  his  course  (if  academical  study. 

Prom  this  period, till  thr  year  175(), 
wJien,  by  the  publicTation  of  his  Sccjt- 
tish  history,  he  fixed  a  new  .'x  ra  in^ 
the  literary  annals  of  his  coin:try.  the 
habit?  and  occurrences  ol  his  lile.  were 
such  as  to  supply  few  malerials  lor 
biography,  andlheimajf>ini«iion  i.-left 
to  till  up  a  long  interval  spent  in  the 
silent  pursuit  of  letters,  and  enliv- 
t'V.rd  by  tlie  secret  anticipation  of 
future  eminence.  His  «:<  nius  was 
liC'l  of  tJiat  f<.ruard  and  irregu- 
hv  growth,  which  forces  itseli  pre- 
maturely on  ]niblic  notice  3  and  it 
'»\as  r'ply  A  few  intimate  and  d»s- 
cen-'.i'g  triinds,  who  in  the  native 
vig(>ur  of  h\s  p(;we.rs,  ai^d  in  the  pa- 
titr.t  culiiu-e  by  which  he  lal^oured 
to  ijiij/rove  thxm,  p'-ret;ived  llie 
r-.  rn-; -.^t.-  of  a  fanu»  that  was  to  last 
;\  V  e\e-. 

"i'hv  h-.r-tie  prop;)itlon  of  Dr.  Ro- 
bert'^n.'s  iili\  w  hii  h  he  ihu.s  devot(  d 
to  o!.sor.rity,  will  appear  liu:  mfJie 
Vfpia- k:\blf,  wh<n  (\»ntrasted  with 
h:a  (.c)i\y  and  entliu:::abiic  love  of 


studv.  Some  of  his  oldest  com- 
moil -place  books,  still  in  his  son's 
lH^ss(.'Ssion  (dated  in  the  years. 1/35, 
1736  and  1737)  bear  marks  of  a 
persevering  assiduity,  unexampled 
perhaps  a»  so  tender  an  age  ;  and  the 
motto  prefixed  to  all  of  them  (Vita 
sine  literis  mors  est)  attests  how  s(K)n 
those  views  and  sentiments  were 
formed,  \\hich,  to  his  latest  hour, 
continued  to  guide  and  to  dignity 
his  ambili(Ui."  In  tinics  h.uch  as  the 
present,  when  literary  distinction 
leads  to  other  rewards,  the  labours 
of  tlie  studious  are  often  proT^ipted 
by  motives  veiy  dit^'crent  tnin*  the 
hope  of  f  .me,  or  the  ii>spinfiiori  of 
genius 5  but  when  Dr.  iU/biCrlson's 
career  commenced,  these  woiv  the 
only  incitements  which  ex.  j-:ted  to 
animate  his  exertions.  'He  trade 
of  authorship  wa^*  unl<r:own  ill 
Scotland  :  and  the  n.iik  which  \»mt 
country  had  early  acip tired  amcjiig 
the  leaiiicd  natior.;  of  Lurope  had, 
for  many  years,  been  M.stained  en-^ 
tirely  by  a  smrdl  nui-Jjer  of  eminent 
men,  \\  Ii(j  distinpiishecl  themselves 
by  an  honourable  and  disinterested 
ze,al  in  the  ungainful  walks  of  ab- 
tiact  scieiicc. 

His  studies  at  the  universit}'  bc- 
'•ni2  at  lenc^th  lini>hed,  Dr.  Robertson 
v.-as  licensed  to  preach  by  the  pres- 
byteryof  ]Jalkeiih  in  1741  ;  and  in 
17*13  he  was  presented  to  the  living 
of  Gladsmuir,  in  East  Lothian,  by 
the  earl  of  Hopetoun.  The  income 
v.as  but  inc<,nsiderabie  (the  whole 
emoluments  not  exceeding:  one  bun- 
dred  pounds  a  year)  :  but  the  pre- 
f(rn:( lit,  such  as  it  was,  ^-amc  to 
him  at  a  time  singularly  fortunate  j 
for,  not  loiig  aflerw  I'.rds,  his  fiither 
and  mother  died  widun  a  few  honrs. 
('f  (ach  other,  leaving  a  liimily  of 
six  diiugiitrrs  and  a  younger  son/ 
in  such  circumstances  as  recpiirej 

ever/ 


CHARACTERS, 


iU 


every  aid  which  his  slender  funds 
enabled  him  to  bestow. 

Dr.  Robertson's  cor^diKt  in  this 
trying  situation,  wliile  it  bore  the 
most  honourable  testimony  to  the 
generosity  of  his  dispositions,  and 
to  the  warmth  of  his  atfections,  was 
strongly  marked  witli  that  manly 
decision  in  his  plans,  and  that  per- 
severing steadiness  in  their  execu- 
tion, which  wa*e  characteristical 
features  of  his  mind.  Undeierrcd 
by  the  magnitade  of  a  charge  whicli 
most  have  appeared  fatal-  to  the 
prospects  that  had  hitherto  aiii- 
»  mated  his  studies,  and  resolved  to 
sacrifice  to  a  sacred  duty  all  personal 
considerations,  he  invited  his  fa- 
ther's family  to  Gladsmuirj  and 
continued  to  educate  his  sisters  un- 
der his  own  roof,  till  they  were 
settled  respectably  in  the  world. 
Not  did  he  think  himself  at  liberty, 
till  then,  to  complete  an  union 
which  liad  been  long  the  object  of 
his  wishes,  and  which  may  be  justly 
numbered  among  the  most  fortu- 
nate incidents  of  his  life.  He  re- 
mained single  till  1/51,  when  he 
married  his  cousin,  miss  Mary 
Nisbet,  daughter  of  die  reverend 
Mr.  Nisbet,  one  of  the  ministers  of 
Edinburgh. 

While  "he  was  thus  engaged  in 
the  discharge  of  those  pious  offices 
which  had  devolved  upon  him  by 
the  sudden  death  of  his  parents,  the 
rd>ellion  of  1745  broke  out  in  Scot- 
land, and  afforded  him  an  opportu- 
nity of  evincing  the  sincerity  of  that 
zeal  for  the  civil  and  religions  liber- 
ties of  his  country,  which  he  had 
imbibed  with  the  lirst  principles  of 
his  ■  education ;  and  which  after- 
warls,  at  the  distance  of  more  than 
forty  years,  when  he  was  called  on 
to  employ  his  eloqaepcc  in  the  na- 
^nal  commemoration  of  the  revo* 


lution,  seemed  to  rekindle  tlic  firei  . 
of  his  youth.  His  situation  as  4 
country  clergyman  confined,  indeed, 
his  patriotic  exertions  \nthin  a  nar- 
row sphere ;  but  even  here  his  con- 
duct was  g\iided  by  a  mind  superior 
to  the  scene  in  which  he  acted.  On 
one  occasion  (when  the  capital  of 
Scodand  was  in  danger  ot  failing 
into  tiie  hands  of  the  rebels),  tlie 
state  of  public  affairs  appeared  so 
critical,  that  he  tliought  himsdit" 
justified  in  laj'ing'  aside,  for  a  time, 
the  pacific  habits  of  his  profession, 
and  in  quitting  his  parochial  resi- 
dence at  Gladsmuir  to  join  tlie  vo- 
lunteers of  Edinburgh :  and  when 
at  last  it  was  determined  that  the 
city  should  be  surrendered,  he  was 
one  of  the  small  band  who  repaired 
to  Haddington,  and  ofiered  tlieir 
services  to  die  commander  of  his 
majesty's  forces. 

llie  duties  of  his  sacred  profes- 
sion were,  in  the  mean  time,  dis- 
charged with  a  punctuality  which 
secured  to  him  the  veneration  and 
attachment  of  his  parishioners; 
wliile  the  eloquence  and  taste  that 
distinguished  him  as  a  preacher 
drew  the  attention  of  the  neigh- 
bouring clergy,  and  prepared  the 
way  for  that  influence  in  the  church 
which  he  afterwards  attained.  \ 
sermon,  which  he  preached  in  1/55, 
before  the  society  for  propagating 
christian  knowledge,  and  which  was 
the  earliest  of  all  his  publications, 
aftbrds  a  sufficient  proof  of  the  emi- 
nence he  mioht  have  attained  in 
that  species  of  composition,  if  his 
genius  had  not  inclined  him  more 
strongly  to  other  studies.  I'his  ser- 
mon, the  only  one  he  ever  publish- 
ed, has  been  long  ranked,  in  both 
parts  of  die  island,  among  tlie  best 
models  of  pulpit  elocjuence  in  our 
language.      Ij;  has  undergone  fi\e 

edilloua  i 


714 


ANNUAL   REGISTER, 


1808. 


editions  ;  and  is  well  known  in  sonic 
parts  of  the  continent  in  the  German 
Uiinslation  of  Mr.  Ebcling. 

At  tlie  age  of  near  forty  years,  on 
tlkc  first  of  February  1759,  appeared 
Dr.  Robertson's  Histoiy  of  Scotland, 
which  was  received  by  tlie  world 
with  such  uiibounded  applause 
that,  before  the  end  of  the  month, 
h*:  was  desired  by  his  bookseller  to 
pn  pare  for  a  second  edition. 

From  this  moment  the  complex- 
ion of  his  fortune  was  changed. 
Al'ter  a  long  struggle,  in  an  obscure 
tliough  a  happy  and  hospitable  re- 
float, with  a  narrow  income  and  an 
increasing  family,  his  prospects 
brightened  at  once.  He  saw  inde- 
pendence and  aflluence  within  his 
reach ;  and  flattered  himself  witli 
tlie  idea  of  giving  a  still  bolder 
^ght  to  his  genius,  when  no  longer 
depressed  by  tliose  tender  anxieties 
which  so  often  fall  to  the  lot  of 
men,  whose  pursuits  and  habits, 
whil<?  they  heighten  tlie  endear- 
ment of  domestic  life,  withdraw 
tlieni  from  tlie  patlis  ok'  interest  an4 
ambition. 

In  venturing  on  a  step,  the  suc- 
cess of  which  was  to  be  bo  decisi\c, 
not  only  witli  respect  to  his  fame, 
but  to  his  future  comfort,  it  is  not 
surprising  that  he  should  have  felt, 
in  a  more  than  common  degree, 
**  that  anxiety  and  diffidence  so  na- 
tural to  an  author  in  delivering  to 
tlie  world  his  first  performance/*  — 
**  'I'hc  time'*  (he  observes  in  his  pre- 
face) ''which  I  have  employt-d  in 
attempting  to  render  it  worthy  of 
the  public  approbation,  it  is  perhaps 
j)rudent  to  conceal,  till  it  shall  be 
known  whetlier  that  approbation  is 
ever  to  be  bestowed.'* 

During  the  time  that  the  History 
of  Scotia  k1  was  in  the  press.  Dr. 
llobcrtson  removed  with  his  fiimily 


from  Gladsmuir  to  Edinburgh,  \xi 
consequence  of  a  presentation  which 
he  had  received  to  one  of  the 
churches  of  that  city.  His  pre- 
ferments now  multiplied  rapidly. 
In  17 5()  he  was  appointed  chapl^a 
of  Stirling  castle  j  in  176I,  one  of  his 
majesty's  chaplains  in  ordinary  foe 
Scotland ;  and  in  1 762  he  was  choiten 
principal  of  the  vuiivcrsity  of  £din-f 
burgh.  I'wo  years  afterwards,  tho 
office  of  kings  historiographer  for 
Scotlan4  (with  a  salary  of  two  liun^ 
dred  pounds  a  year)  was  revived  in 
his  favour. 

Tlie  success  of  the   History  of 
Scotland,   and  the  applause  which 
followed  its  publication,  determined. 
Dr.  Robertson  to  undertake  another 
M'ork,   the  subject  of  which  gave 
occasion  to  a  variety  of  opinion^ 
among  his  friends.     By  some  he 
was  recommended  to  write  a  seriea 
of  lives  in  imitation  of  Plutarch^  by 
others  the  history  of  learning ;  the 
histor)'  of  Nerva,  Trajan,  Adrian^ 
and  the   two  Antonines,  was  ab^ 
pointed   out  to  his  consideration^ 
and  by  tlie  booksellers  it  was  pro-^ 
posed,    and  terms  were  offe^  to., 
him.,  to  write  tlie  history  of  England. 
All  tiiese  propositions  he  declined, 
and  determined  on  the  Histoiy  of 
Charles  V.  which  he  completed  and 
published  in  IJ*^- 

After  an  interval  of  eidit  years, 
from  the  publication  of  Charles  V« 
Dr.  Robertson  produced  the  Hiitmy 
of  America :  a  work  whidi,  by  the  . 
variety  of  research  and  of  specula* 
tion  that  it  exliibits,  enables  us  tQ / 
form  a  sufficient  idea  of  the  manner 
in  which  he  had  emplpyed  the  in- 
tervening period.  This  work  also 
was  received  with  the  applause  of 
the  learned  and  best  inforupicd  read* 


ers. 


In  consequence  of  the  interruptloq 

of 


CHARACTERS.  715 

of  Dr.  Robertson's  plans,  produced  "  I  possess  already  as  much  knour- 
by  the  American  revolution,  he  was  ledge  of  the  British  government  and 
fed  to  think  of  some  other  subject  laws  as  usually  is  possessed  by  other 
which  might,  in  die  mean  time,  persons  who  have  been  well  «du- 
give  employment  to  his  studious  cated,  and  have  lived  in  good  com- 
.  leisure.  A  letter,  <latcd  July  1778,  pany.  A  minute  investigation  of 
to  his  friend  the  reverend  Mr.  Wad-  tacts  will  be  the  chief  object  of 
diJove  (now  dean  of  Rippon),  my  attention.  With  respect  io 
contains  some  important  information  thcAe,  I  shttU  be  much  aided  by  the 
"with  respect  to  his  designs  at  this  original  papers  published  by  sir  J<An 
period.  Dalrymple  and  MacphersoUj  and 
.  '  .  ''The  state  of  our  affairs  in  North  lately  by  lord  Hardwicke- 
.  America  is  not  such  as  to  invite  me  *'  The  memoirs  of  Noailles,  con- 
to  go  on  with  my  histor}'^  of  the  new  cerning  the  French  iiegociations  ia 
world.  I  must  wait  for  times  pf  Spain,  contain  very  cuvioui  infhr- 
.jgreater  tranquillity,    when   I    can  mation. 

".yrite,  and  the  public  can  read,  with  *'  I  have  got  a  very  valuable  col- 
"^mofe  impartiality  and  better  infor-  lection  of  papers  from  the  duke  of 
mation   than   the   present.      Every  Alpntagiie,   which  belonged  to  the 
person,  witli  wliom  I  conversed  in  duke  of  Shrewsbury  3  and  I  ^m  pro- 
■  London  confirmed  me  in  my  reso-  mised   the  large  collection  a£  the 
lution  of  making  a  pause  for  a  little,  duke  of  Marlborough,  wliich  were 
■'jmtil   it  shall  be  known   in   what  formerly  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Mallet. 
;^  planner  tlie   ferment  will  subside.  From  these,  and  other  materials,  I 
:  j|]^t  as  it  is  neither,  my  incluiation  hope  to  write  a  history  which  may 
'^r  interest  to  be  altogether  idle,  be  both  entertaining  and  instructive 
of  niy  fri(*nds  have  suggested  I  know  that  I  sliall  get  tipon  dan* 
d  new  subject,  the  liistQiy  of  gerous   ground,    and    must    relate 
Jkitain,   from  the  revolution  events,  concerning  which  our  poli- 
to'  ^J^/*^ccesiion  of  tlie  house  of  tical  factions  entertain  very  different 
JH^pyer.     It  will  be   some  satis-  sentiments.    Rut  I  am  little  alarmed 
fection  to  me   to  enter   on  a  do-  with  this.   I^ttermVselfthatl  have 
picstic  subject,  after  bein^  engaged  temper  enoughto  judge  with  impar- 
60  long  in  foreign  ones,  where  one  tiality;  apd  i^^  after  examining  with 
half  of  my  time  and  Jabour   was  candour,   I  do  give    olience,  tlicre 
employed  in  teaching  myself  to  un-  is  no  man  whose  situation  is  more 
de^stand   manners,   and  laws    and  independent." 
fohns,    which  I  was  to  explain  to  Whatever  the  motives  were  whicTi 
Others.     You  know  Ixjtter  than  any  induced  him  to  relinquibh  this  pro- 
body  how  much  pains  I  bestowed  ject,  it  is  certain  that  tliey  did  not  long 
in   htudj'ing  the  constitution,     the  occupy  his  thoughts.     From  a  letter 
jnannrrs,    avA    tlic^    commerce    of  of^Ir.  Gibbon,  it  would  appear  to 
Spanish  America.    TJie  review  con-  have  been  abandoned  before  the  end 
lained  in  the  first  volume  of  Charles  of  tlic  year  1779-     *^c  passage  is 
V.  was  founded  on  researches  still  interesting,  not  only  as  it  seiTes  to 
piore  laborious,     i  shall  not  be  hi-  ascertain  the  fact,  but  as  it  suggests 
volved  ia  the  same  painful  inquiries,  a  valuable  hint  witli  respect  to  a 
tf  I  ujidertake  tlue  present  worfc^  '  different  historical  subject. 

*'  1  remem* 


v*f 


"tlG        ANNUAL    REGISTER,     1802. 


*'■  1  rememb(*r  a  k  ind  of  engai:;enient 
you  II ad  tonlriictcil  to  npc^it  your 
vL^it  to  Ij<:)mi';n  t-x  r-ry  second  \r.\r, 
and  I  look  tui\\:nilj»  with  pltMsure 
to  uex-t  ^|>ri'itr,  vlir-ii  yoiiiboLjd  will 
iMtur.illy    b(t:(>i»c   due.       J    should 
ahuo.st  hoy.ti  tlmt  you  \v«)ukl  bring. 
With  vou  some  l"^u•t^  of"  vour  labour, 
ha-l  I  not  Ikvu   i.uonm'd  that  you 
li.id  totally  rdinquiiihr'i  your  de.sign 
«>t  v:«>i»Lin\urig  ]VJr-   Hume's  Hi^toiy 
€i"  i^hidand.     NotwillistHUuluir  the 
just  ai.d  dr.ep  s('ns<^  which  1  must 
<"ntertain  (if  ihcinlelligeurf^lKi  trne> 
of  our  public  lo.^s,  1  liave  scarcely 
Goura:re  cnouiih  to  blame  vou.    The 
vajir.  of  materials,  and  tli'.-  danger 
vi  ori'ence,  are  two  formiilab'.e?  ob- 
stacles for  an  historian  who  wishes 
to  instruct,  and  who  is  determined 
E'n  to  betny  his  readers.     Kut  if 
VI >u  leave  the  narrow  limits  of  our 
i^l.uKt,    ih«:re  ^ull  nmain,   without 
/elurnir.^j:  to  the  tn)ublcd  scene  of 
America,    uiany   subjects    not   ini- 
v.urtliv  of  vouf  irenius.     Will  you 
jrive  me  leave,  as  a  vai^uc  and  in- 
lii^ested  hint,  to  su::gcst  the  hist<Ty 
of  the  prolestants  m   1^'rance ;    the 
events  arc  important  in  themselves, 
and  intimairly  connecU  tl  with  the 
gnat  re\oluiious  ot  taR»j)e  j  some 
t'f  thv-  boUlt  -vi  or  most  amiable  cha- 
racters of  nioderji  thues,  the  adminil 
Co^.igny,   Henry  IV.   8cc.  would  1x3 
y>iir  peculiar  heroes  J   the  material:,* 
:n\^  copious,  and  authciilic  and  ac- 
cessible;   and  the  objects  appear  to 
sUiiul   at    th.al  just  di.ianco   which 
c-\ci\*s  curiosity   without    inspiring 
ra^j'o;].     l'\v-'j-tt',  the  freedou:,   and 
V.  <  igr.  th?  nivTiLci   (if  any  J    of  this 
pn^po-^al." 

I'rom  this  jx^riod  he  fcems'  to 
h.i\e  '»!Mniluiie'l  itl!  tlioUiJil-  \ji  urit- 
icLT  a;iv  nu.ie  iv)r  the  pnijiic,  and  to 
i.-.\r  intliii-.v.i  tiie  iiK  a  of  pro-»rcut- 
j  J.  hli  atudiv. j  in  idiiLre  for  h;s  pii- 


Aate amiisenie.nti  His circaimstartcci 
were  intlependent :  he  was  ai^">roaoU- 
ing  to  the  agt^  of  sixiy,  wilJi  a  con- 
btitutioii  con->idcrahly  ii}>paired  by 
a  sedentary  lile.j  and  a  loug  a|^U- 
cation  to  the  compositions  lie  had 
pri'pared  for  the  press  had  interfered 
(it  is  presuuvible)  with  much  of  the 
grati  heat  ion  he  might  have  enjoyed; 
if  lie  had  been  at  liberty  to  tbllow 
the  inrjulseof  hi.s  own  taste  aiidcii- 
riosity.  Such  a  saerilJee  must  be 
more  or  less  made  by  all  who  devote 
tiiemsclves  to  letters,  whetlicr  wilfi 
a  vi*^\v  to  emolument  or  faine^  nor 
wolild  it  p«*rhaps  be  easy  to'  make  it, 
were  it  not  for  the  pr()5}>ect  ('holdom, 
alaal  realized)  of  earning,  by  theif 
c>:ertions,  that  learned  and  lk>nour« 
able  leisure  ^\■hich  he  wjw  so  forttt* 
nate  as  to  attain.  He  r«ii)-ed  from 
tlie  business  of  tlie  ecclcslsisticBl 
rr)urts  about  tlie  same  time;  and 
lor  seven  or  eiglit  years  divided  th6 
hours  he  cotdd  spare  from  his  pro^ 
fcssional  duties  between  the  luxurf 
of  readiui^  and  the  conversation  of 
J  lis  friends.  The  activity  of  hift 
mind,  in  the  mean  time,  ccMitinued 
unimpaired ;  and  the  habits  of  study 
he  had  so  long  been  accustomed  to« 
gave  a  certain  scope  and  conuectioii 
even  to  his  historical  Tecreattons. 
To  one  of  these,  whieli,  from  its 
accidental  correction  with  soixie  of 
his  former  yorks,  epgaged  his  at* 
tention  more  closely  than  his  ordiik 
nary  pursuits,  the  jniblic  is  indebted 
for  a  valuable  pcrfonnance,  of  which 
the  materials  seem  fdipost  insensibly 
to  iiave  swelled  to  a  volume  lon^ 
attcr  his  most  intimate  fnend^  inift-. 
^ined  that' lie  had  renouuced  aU 
thoughts  of  the  press.  The  disqui- 
sition Concerning  ancient  Indiiij 
vhich  closed  his  historical  laboursj 
tuok  its  riM-  (as  he  himself  informs 
Uf/  ''from  the  perusal  of  major  fieiw 

udl*4 


CHARACTERS. 


717 


nell's  Memoir  for  illustrating  liis 
map  of  Indostan.  Tlws  suggested 
to  him  tlie  idea  of  examining  more 
folly,  than  he  had  done  in  the  intro- 
ductory nook  to  his  Histor}'  of  Ame- 
rica, into  the  knowledge  which  the 
ancients  had  of  that  country,  and  of 
considering  what  is  certain,  what  is 
obscure,  and  what  is  fabulous,^  in 
the  accounts  of  it  which  they  Iiave 
handed  down  to  us. — In  luid^rta Icing 
this  inquiry  (he  adds),  he  had  ori- 
ginally no  otlier  object  than  his  own 
amusement  and  instruction  j  but  in 
carr)'ing  it  on,  and  consulting  witli 
care  the  authors  of  antiquity,  some 
facts,  hitherto  unobsened,  and  many 
which  had  not  l^en  examined  witli 
proper  attention,  occurretl  j  new 
views  opened ;  his  ideas  gradually 
extended,  and  became  more  inte- 
resting ;  till  at  length  he  imagined 
that  tlie  result  of  his  resean^hes  migiit 
prove  amusing  and  instructive  to 
others." 

In  consequence  of  the  various 
cqpnections  with -society,  which 
arose  from  his  professional  da  Lies, 
and  from  the  interest  which  he  was 
led  to  take,  both  bv  his  official 
situation,  and  the  activity  of  his 
public  spirit,  in  the  literar)'  or  the 
patriotic  undertakings  of  otliers,  a 
considerable  portion  of  Dr.  Robert- 
son's leisure  was  devoted  to  conver- 
sation and  compaijy. 

No  man  enjoyed  these  wdth  more 
relish  j  and  few  have  j>ossessed  the 
same  talents  to  add  to  their  attrac- 
tions. 

A  rich  stock  of  miscellaneous  In- 
formation, acquired  from  books  and 
from  an  cictensive  intercourse  with 
the  world,  together  with  a  perfect 
acquaintance,  at  all  times,  with  the 
topics  of  the  day,  and  tlie  soundest 
^gacity  and  good  sense  applied  to 
the  occurrences  of  common  life. 


rendered  him  the  most  agTeeaole  and 
instructive  of  comi)anions.  J-Ie  sel- 
dom aimed  at  wit  5  but,  with  liis 
intimate  frit!nds,  he  oiVn  indulged 
a  snortjve  and  fanciful  si^ecies  of 
humour.  He  deliiihted  in  good- 
naturcd,  ciiaracteristical  anecdotes 
of  his  acquaintance,  and  added 
pcwerfally  to  their  effect  by  his  own 
enjoyment  in  relating  llicm.  He 
was  in  a  remarkable  degree  suscep- 
tible of  tlie  ludicrous;  but  on  no 
occasion  did  he  ibrget  the' dignity  or 
his  character,  or  the  /lecorum  itf 
his  profession  j  nor  did  he  evrn 
lose  sight  of  that  classical  taste 
which  adorned  his  cx)mpositions. 
His  turn  of  expression  was  cK)iT(xit 
and  pure;  sometimes,  i>eriiaj>s,  in- 
clining more  than  is  expected  ro 
the  carelessness  of  a  social  hour, 
to  formal  and  artificial  periods ;  bvk 
it  was  stamped  with  Ins  own  man- 
ner, no  less  than  his  premeditattxl 
style  :  it  was  always  the  lanoiiage  of 
a  stiperiorand  cultivated  mind,  and 
it  embellished  ever}'  subject  oti  whidi 
he.s|)okc.  In  the  company  of  stranj;- 
ers,  he  increased  his  exertions  tt* 
amuse  and  to  inform;  and  the 
splendid  variety  of  his  conversation 
was  commonly  the  chief  circum- 
stance on  which  they  dwelt  in  enu- 
nieratincr  his  tilenLs :  and  vet,  I 
must  acknowledge  {says  his  irio- 
grapher),lbr  my  own  part,  that  mudi 
as  i  alwaj's  admired  his  jxiwers  when 
they  were  thus  called  forth,  I  en- 
joyed his  society  less  than  wlien  I 
B3W  him  in  the  circle  of  his  in-ti- 
noates,  or.  in  die  bosom  of  his  fa- 
mily. 

His  health  began  apparently  to 
decline?  in  tlie  end  of  the  year  l/^i- 
Till  then,  it  hid  been  more  lihi- 
foniily  good,  than  might  h*ve  beea 
expected  from  his  studious  liabii'*"; 
but.  -about  thiA^iod,  Jhei^iddefllr 

discovenj 


718        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1S02. 


discovered  strong  symptoms  nf 
jnimdicr,  which  grndunlly  iindcr- 
miiird  hi*;  constitntu'ii,  and  tetrmi- 
niited  at  K'nuih  i:i  a  lin.R'rinii  and 
Jiiral  illness.  He  liad  tin*  prospect 
ct"  dc.itFi  Icni;  Ixforv^  him  ;  a  pro- 
8p<!ct  dt'fply  atftictiiii;  to  his  family 
aiid  his  friends :  but  of  wh'u  h, 
uiihout  any  visible  abat«-nient  in  his 
spirits,  he  happily  availed  himself, 
to  adorn  the  doctrines  which  he  had 
lonv;  tanght,  by  an  ex.imph*  of  fr»r- 
titnde  and  of  Christian  resiijnatirni. 
In  the  conclnding  stage  nf  his  dis- 
•mler,  he  removed  from  Edinburgh 
t.)  (» range- house,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, where  he  had  the  advantage 
of  a  freer  air,  and  a  more  quiet 
situation,  and  (what  he  valued  more 
than  most  men)  the  pleasun^  of  rural 
objects,  and  of  a  beautiful  land- 
scape. While  he  was  able  to  walk 
al)road,  he  commonly  passed  a  part 
*>f  llie  day  in  a  small  garden,  en- 
joying the  simple  gratifications  it  af- 
forded with  all  his  wonted  relish. 
Some  who  now  hear  me  will  lonjr 
remejnlKir,  among  tlie  trivia\  yet 
interesting  incidents  which  marked 
these  last  weeks  of  his  memorable 
lite,  his  daily  visits  to  the  fruit  trees 
c  which  were  tlien  in  blosom).  and 
tltci  smile  witii  which  he,  more  than 
nnce.  coatnisted  tlic  interest  he  t(X)k 
iHT^^jCir  progress,  with  the  c\cnt 
which  "•■was  to  happen  before  their 
maturity^:.  At  his  particular  desire, 
I  saw  him'  (for  the  last  time)  on  the 
4ih  of  Jnn.c  17f)3,  when  his  weak- 
ness ajntini?d  him  to  his  couch,  and 
Ms  articulation  %vaff  already  begin- 
ning to  fail :-  nnd  it  is  in  obedience 
to  a  request  with  which  he  then  ho- 
ne jured  nw,  that  I  hare  ventured, 
without  consulting  my  own  powers, 
to  ofTer  this  tribute  to  his  memory. 
H^  died  on  the  11th  of  the  same 
aontii,  in  the  7 1  st  year  of  his  age. 


In  point  of  stature,  Dr.  Robert- 
son was  rather  above  the  middle 
size ;  and  his  fonu,  tliough  it  did 
not  convey  the  idea  of  much  acti- 
vity, announced  vigour  of  body 
anil  a  healthful  constitution.  His 
features  were  regular  and  manly; 
and  his  eye  spoke  at  once  good  sense 
and  gf)od  humour.  He  appeared  to 
greatest  advantage  in  his  complete 
clerical  dress ;  and  was  more  re- 
markable for  gra\  ity  and  dignity  in 
discharging  the  functions  of  his 
public  stations,  than  for  ea^e  and 
grace  in  private  society.  His  por- 
tniit  by  lU^j-nolds,  painted  about 
twenty  vears  ai:o,  is  an  admirable 
likeness :  and  fortunately  (for  the 
colours  an*  already  much  liided)  all 
its  spirit  is  prcsersed  in  an  exceJlent 
mezzotinto.  At  the  request  of  his 
colleagues  in  the  university,  who 
were  anxious  to  ha%c  some  memo- 
rial of  him  placed  in  the  public  li- 
brary, he  sat  again,  a  few  month* 
before  Ins  death,  to  Mr.  Raeburn ; 
at  a  time  when  his  altered  and  sickly 
aspect  rendered  the  task  of  llie  artist 
peculiarly  dillxult.  Tlie  picture, 
however,  is  not  only  worthy,  in 
every  respect,  of  A-lr.  Reaburn's 
high  and  deserved  imputation,  but, 
to  those  who  were  accustomed  to 
see  Dr.  Robertson  at  tfiis  interesting 
period,  derives  an  additional  value 
from  an  air  of  langtuir  and  feeble- 
ness which  stron«j;ly  markM  li'!s 
appearance  during  his  long  decline. 


Sketch  of  the  IJfe  nnd  Charncter  nf 
the  late  Sir  Enrdlnj  IFllmut,  iSfc. 
From  his  Mcmohs, 

JOHN  Kardlcy  was  boni  on 
tlie  l6ih  of  August  17(X^.  j,t 
Derby,  where  his  father  then  lived. 
After  having  acquired  tlie  rudimcsits 

of 


CHARACTERS.  7l9 

.  Uf  leatfiing  at  the  free  school  in  that  law,  which  he  accordingly  pf osecut- 
towiii  under  the  rev.  Mr.  Blackwell,  ed  "with  much  diligence  at  the  Inner 
l\p  was  placed  with  tlie  rev.  Mr.  Temple,  and  was  called  to  the  bar 
Hunter  at  Litchfield,  where  he  was  in  June  1732. 
contemporary  with  Johnson  and  Gar-  In  1743,  he  married  Sarah, 
rick.  It  is  remarkable  tliat  several  daughter  of  Thomas  Rivett,  of  Dcr- 
eminent  men  have  been  brought  up  by,  esq.  afterwards  representative  cif 
at  this  ecliool ;  beside  Addison  and.  tliat  borough  in  parliament. 
Wolljiston,  Johnson  and  Garrick,  We  are  not  acquainted  witli  any 
bishop  Newton  (who  was  himself  of  interesting  particulars  of  sir  Eard- 
that  seminar}')  retuarks,  tliat  there  ley's  life,  between  the  period  of  his 
were  at  one  period  five  judges  upon  leaving  the  university  and  his  bciii^ 
the  bench,  who  had  been  educated  in  a  considerable,  degree  of  practice 
«t  Litchfield  school,  viz,  lord  chief  as  a  barrister  j  but  as  duty  and  filial 
justice  Willes,  lord  chief  baron  l^r-  piety,  more  than  inclinauon,  had  in- 
ker, Mr.  just  ice  Noel,  sir  Robert  duced  him  to  embrace  the  profession 
*  Iioyd>  baron  of  the  exchequer,  and  of  the  law,  his  pursuit  after  its  emo- 
Mr.  justice,-  afterwards  lord  chief  laments  was  not  eager,  thougli  his 
justice,  Wilniot.  study  of  it  was  um*emitted.  He  was 

In  January  1724,  he  was  removed    regular  in  his    attendance  on  the 
to  Westminster  school,  and  placed    T«ins,  but  his  practice  was  at  this 
under  Dr.  Freind;    here,,  and    at    time  cliietly  confined  to  the  county 
Trimty-hall  in  Cambridge,   where    of   Derby,    where    he  ^^•as  muc^ 
■      he  resided  vintil  January  1728,  he    respected.     In  town    his  business 
t      laid  the  foundation  of  many  friend-    was  not  great  5  yet,  in  those  tauses 
ships,  which  he  preserved  through    in  whicii  he  was  engaged,  his  merit, 
a  long  life  3  and  with  some  persons,    learning,  and  eloquence,  were  uni- 
who  afterwards  attained  the  highest    versally  acknowledged,  and  gained 
offices  in  church  and  state ;  among    him  tne  esteem  and  approbatio©  of 
these  were  Drummond,  aichbishop    some  of  the  greatest  oiisaments  of 
of  York,  lord  chancellor  Northing-    the  profession  5  among  whom  were 
ton,  and  Henry  BUsou  l^gg^f  after-    sir  Dudley  Ryder,  then  attomey-ge- 
wards  chancellor  of  the  exchequer  -,     neral,  and  the  lord  chancellor  Hard- 
the  latter  of  whom  continued  one  of    wicke. 
I      his  most   intimate  friends  till  his        In  the  year  1753,  the  chancellor 
death  in  August  1/04.   At  the  uni-    proposed  to  make  him  one  of  his 
versity  he  contracted  a  passion  for    majesty's  counsel,    and  afterwards 
study  and    retirement    that   never    king's  sergeant ;  but  both  these  he 
quilted  him  during  life ;  and  he  was    declined,  chiefly  from  &  disinclina- 
often  heard  to  say,  tliat  at  this  time    tion  to  London  business,  and  a  wisL« 
the  height  of  his  ambition  was  to    that  never  left  him,  of  retiring  alto- 
become  a  fellow  of  Trinity-hall,  and    gether  into  the  country, 
to  pass  his  life  in  that  learned  society.        This  deliberation  terminated  in  a 
This  natural  disposition  had  induced    decided  resolution  to  retircj  and,  as 
him  to  give  the  preference  to  the    the  writer  was  inlbimed  by  a  gentle- 
church,  but  his  father,  who  was  a    man  who  was  present,  he  ai*tuaiiy 
roan  of  sagacity  as  well  as  reading,    made,  in  the  winter  of  1754,  what 
had  destined  him  to  the  study  of  the    lie  caUed  his  £tfewell  speech  in  the 

CtfUZt 


Y20        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


court  of  esclieqiifsr,  whirli  he  had 
Cif  late  }cars  attc nd'-d  nujrc  thHn  any 
otlirr.  Perhaps  his  disposition  was 
not  calnildtcd  for  foirniic  disputa- 
tion, though  liis  prr>touiid  know- 
ledgr  and  indtfatigahle  labour,  as 
V  ell  as  ability  and  pent- tration,  had 
madt'  liim,  in  tin/  opinion  of  those 
vho  knew  him,  one  of  the  best 
I^iwyers  of  liis  time.  Hr  had  more 
than  one  otltT  of  a  seat  in  the  house 
of  commons  about  this  period,  but 
he  unilorinly  declined  tvery  tempta- 
tion of  thi>  kind. 

Havintr  quitted  London,  with  a 
view  Jo  reside  entirely  in  the  coun- 
try, his  reputation  for  integrity,  in- 
dustry, and  learnin«x,  would  jiro- 
l)ably  have  brought  him  as  much 
business  in  Derbyshire,  where  he 
was  about  to  settle,  and  in  the  neigh- 
bouring coinitries,  as  a  provincial 
counsel  ever  possessed.  liut  Provi- 
dence m^ant  to  place  his  merit  and 
r\te.nd  his  intlnence  in  a  superior 
btiJiion.  Soon  after  his  retirement, 
a  rumour  was  brought  to  him  of  his 
snretjedinir  sir  Alartin  A\'ric:ht,  as 
iudi^c  of  the  court  of  king'^  bench  : 
but  a-;  he  had  never  made  the  re- 
rnol'.st  iippliciMion,  or  e\en  hinted, 
<.r  felt  a  dcoire  for  the  appointment, 
he  liid  noi  gi\i;  liu*  least  credit  to  it, 
r:!l  lii*  received  a  summons  to  to\^n 
for  iijai  p'.irp(jse. 

It  requind  a  considerable  degree 
of  pcVftUci.-.ion  from  his  liiends  to  in- 
<:;icehim  i'.» accept  thi-i  olhce,  uhich, 
h»Avcv(  r  honor. iv.L'lc..  was  touilly  In- 
^(!lla:^1ent  with  his  l":iVoiU"ite  (ibii  ct  : 
b\.t  hiji  reputation,  hi>  integrity 
ii'vd  professional  kiiuwl- -dgc,  were 
\\ir  p.iniaiy  eauscs  of  his  advance- 

'i  iiii  ].ro ferment  took  place  in 
J- lini.>r;»  J7.}.'>,  and  wa^  accompa- 
i:\':'.'\  a>  i!-.ual,  with  the  honour  cf 
iwiii.Jithood. 


In  the  autumn  of  .1/56,  lord 
Hardwicke  rchigncd  the  great  seal* 
which  wa.4  put  into  the  hands  of 
three  lords  conuuissioners3  lord  chief 
justice  Willes,  .sir  S.  S.  Smytbcj  and 
sir  John  Kardley  Wilmot. 

In  this  important  station  be  gave 
universMl  satisfaction  j  so  that  not  a . 
few  in  the  profession,  inde]>endentl)r 
ot  his  own  immediate  friends, 
thought  lie  would  soon  preside  alone 
in  that  court. 

The  great  seal  continued  about -8 
year  in  commission,  when  it  was  de- 
livered to  the  attorney-general,  sir 
Robert  Henley,  with  the  title  of 
Aord- keeper. 

Sir  l^ardley  returned  of  course  to 
the  comt  of  king's  bench  j  where  he 
continued  about  nine  years  longer> 
as  one  of  the  puisne  judges. 

'1  hough  the  part  he  took  was  not 
a  Aery  conspicuous  one,  from  his  i 
situation  on  the  bench  and  fron)  his 
native  modesty,  yet  his  brethren, 
ami  those  who  were  acquainted  with 
V\  Cbtminster-Jiall  during  that  periodi 
bore  testimony  that  his  active  mind 
was  alwa)  s  engaged,  either  in  or  out 
of  court,  in  elucidating  some  ob* 
scnre  point,  in  nicely  weighing 
(iiiestions  of  tlie  greatest  difficulty-, 
aiid  in  contributing  his  share  towards 
cxj)editing  and  deciding  the  import 
tanl  suits  then  under  discussion  | 
liur  wan  he  less  eminent  in  that  imr 
portant  branch  of  his  judicial  office, 
lut  administration  of  the  criminal 
iii^^tice  of  the  kin<j:dom,  both  in  the 
.^iil'reme  court  of  criminal  jurisdic«» 
ti<.n,  in  which  he  sat,  and  on  the 
circi:its. 

Among  many  other  parts  of  this 
laborious  profession,  to  which  sir 
hardlcy  had  given  unremitted  atten- 
tion, is  that  of  taking  jiotes,  and  to 
w  hich  he  had  invariably  accustomed' 
himself  both  before  aud  after  he  was 

called 


CHARACTERS. 


721 


tailed  to  the  bar  5  nor  had  hie  con- 
liQed  hinriKiilf  to  any  one  court,  for 
iiaving  only  a  moderate  share  of 
basinesH  in  London,  he  was  in  ge- 
neral able  to  attend  any  of  tlie  courts, 
where  there  were  causes  of  the 
greatest  expectation.  This  practice 
of  taking  notes,  sir  EartHey  con- 
tinued after  he  was  raised  to  the 
bench,  till  he  heard  that  Mr.  (after- 
ward sir  James)  iiuriow  intended  to 
publish  his  notes  from  the  time  of 
lord  Mansfield's  being  appointed 
chief  justice  j  but  he  uniformly  lent 
IVIr.  Burrow  his  papers  from  this 
period,  ^inth  such  short  notes  as  he 
took  himself. 

On  the  accession  of  his  present 
majesty  in  17(>0,  tlu^  question  of  re- 
newing the  commissions  of  thejudgr-»s 
caincnecessarily  under  consideration. 
Some  lawyers  were  of  opinion,  tliitt 
by  the  act  of  settlemient,  12  and  l:J 
Wflliam  III.  c.  2.  the  commissions 
of  the  judges  ought  not  lo  dtlf:rmim' 
by  the  demise  of  the  crown  j  but  tiif 
construction  of  the  art,  and  tlu^ 
practice  giuce  tiiat  period,  had  been 
otiierwise. 

His  present  majesty  however,  on 
his  acce-ision,  with  that  paternal  re- 
gard for  the  purity  of  tne  constitu- 
tion in  all  its  parts,  which  has  id- 
ways  actuated  his  royal  brea^it  from 
the  commencement  of  iiis  reign  to 
tlie  present  moment,  declared  from 
the  throne  to  both  houses  o^  |>arlia- 
mcnt,  "  that  ho  looked  upon  the  in- 
dependency and  uprightness  of  the 
judges  as  essential  to  the  impartial 
administration  of  justice,  as  one  of 
the  best  seeuriti('s  to  the  rigiits  and 
lihcTties  of  his  .subjects,  and  as  most 
conducive  to  the  honour  of  his 
crown }  aud  therefore  recommended 
it  to  tlu!ir  consideration,  to  make 
further  provi*>ion  for  continuing 
them  in  the  enjoymcut  of  tlicir  ot- 
.  Vol.  XLIV. 


ficcs  chiring  their  good  behaviour, 
notwithstanding  the  demise  of  his 
majesty,  or  any  of  his  heirs  aud  suc- 
cessors; and  likewise  that  tlieir 
salaries  might  be  secured  to  them 
during  tlie  contiuuaucc  of  liieir  com- 
missions." 

It  is  one  of  the  greatest  advantages 
whicii  tlie  courts  of  law  have  over 
tlie  court  of  chancery,  that  they  are 
not  allected  by  changes  in  the  admi- 
nistration of  public  a^irs.  It  may 
be  very  proper  that  one  great  law- 
ofHcer  should  have  a  seat  in  the 
cabinet,  and  be  always  at  baud,  to 
advise  his  majesty's  ministers  on  im- 
portant subjects  of  law  and  tlie  con- 
stitution; but  it  is  ver>'  fortunate 
that  this  is  not  the  case  with  the  ve- 
nerable magistrates  who  preside  iu 
our  other  (\)urts  of  justice:  they  are 
thus  jLept  free  from  the  imputation 
ot'  political  bias,  and  have  also  more 
leisure  for  the  laborious  duties  of 
tijpir  station.  This  was  frequently 
an  oliSttiTation  of  sir  t)ardlcy's,  and 
no  small  consolation  to  him,  both 
whilst  he  continued  in  the  king's 
bench,  and  when  he  afUTward.'*  pre- 
sied  in  anotiicr  court.  But,  though 
he  persevered  unremittingly  in  tl>e 
disrharg*;  of  his  duty,  it  was  not 
without  a  frequent  sigh  for  a  more 
(juiet  and  retired  station  than  that  of 
the  court  o(  king's  bench.  In  17(J5, 
a  serious  treaty  \ins  set  on  foot  by 
hiui  to  exchanorc  that  honoundiic 
odiee.  for  one,  not  less  honourable 
indeed,  but  undoubtedly  at  that  tiiiJe 
less  lucrative  and  less  conspicuous, 
that  of  chief  justice  of  Chester, 
which  was  then  held  by  Mr.  Mor- 
ton ;  but  the  treaty  ^^'as  at  length 
broken  off.. 

When   lord   Camden,  who   had 
been  chief  justice  of  the  common 
ple^s  about  four  years,  was  appoint- 
ed lord  chancellor  in  the  suuuner  of 
3  A  **       17(56^ 


T^2 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


1 7t>6\  sir  Fardley  had  the  offer  of 
\i\v  chief  jnsticesiiip  of  that  court. 
It  is  believed,  that  next  to  liis  char 
rucler  for  learning  and  integrity,  he 
\vas  indebted  for  this  oHer  to  the 
h\^\  opinion  andcsttremof  both  the 
old  and  new  chancellor,  and  also  to 
the  iViendship  of, lord  Shelburne, 
appointed  at  tliat  time  one  of  the 
secretaries  of  state. 

Sir  Eardley  was  at  this  time  on 
the  westt^rn  circnit  with  sir  Joseph 
Yates,  to  whom  he  communicated 
the  purport  of  the  letter  he  had  re- 
ceived from  lord  Camden,  at  the 
^.lme  time  expressing  his  intention 
to  decline  the  unsolicited  honour 
tliat  was  offered  him,  chiefly  on  ac- 
count  of  his  health,  and  the  desire 
he  had  long  felt  of  retiring  from 
public  business. 

In  the  eA'ening  of  the  day  sir 
Eardley  kissed  hands  on  being  ap- 
pointed chief  justice,  one  of  his  sons, 
a  youtli  of  seventeen,  attended  him 
to  his  bedside.  "  Now,"  says  he, 
*'  my  son,  I  will  tell  you  a  secret 
■worth  your  knowing  and  remember- 
inr^;  tiie  elevation  I  have  met  witli 
in  life,  particularly  this  last  instance 
of  it,  has  not  been  owing  to  any 
superior  merit  or  abilities,  but  to 
my  liiimility,  to  my  not  having  set 
lip  myself  above  others,  and  to  an 
unif4)nn  endeavour  to  pass  through 
jife,  void  of  offence  towards  God 
nnd  man." 

'J'hus  was  sir  Eardley  called  upon 
*c  preside  in  a  co\ut  whttre  he  had 
rfiiiiiy  seniors  on  the  bench.  I'he 
;;;  pointment  gave  general  satisfac- 
iiori,  and  his  acknowledged  abilities, 
his  unaflected  modesty  and  courtesy, 
s«>on  made  him  as  nmch  esteemed 
ci\\y\  bf.lovcd  in  his  new  court,  as  he 
had  beibre  been  in  his  old  one. 

It  was  anout  this  time,  viz.  1/^.9* 
iLat  sir  Jiardjey  prciiidcd  in  tlic  me- 


morable cause  of  Mr.  Wilkes  against 
lord  Halifax  and  others,  a  pericxi  of 
great  heal  and  violence,  both  in  par- 
liament and  in  the  nation  j  but  he 
was  so  entirely  free  from  all  political 
bias,  that  his  conduct  gave  universal 
satisfaction. 

Beside  the  ordinary  but  impor- 
tiuit  busine.vs  of  tlie  court  of  com- 
mon pleas,  it  falls  to  the  chief  jusr 
tice  of  that  court  (as  tlic  chief  justice 
of  the  king's  bench  is  generally  a 
peer) ,  if  he  is  not  a  peer  himself,  to 
give  the  opinion  of  the  judges  in  ap-  ■ 
peals  to  tlic  house  of  lords  from  the 
court  of  chancery,  or  writs  of  error 
from  the  court  of  king's  bench  and 
the  cxcluiqiier  chamber.  He*is  also 
frequently  called  upon  by  the  lord 
chancellor  to  assist  him  in  his  court, 
in  cases  of  difficulty  or  importance. 
Sir  Eardley's  presence  was  likewise 
often  required  at  the  privy  council, 
of  which  he  had  been  a  member 
ever  since  his  appointment  to  the  • 
common  pleas,  either  to  give  his  ■ 
advice  in  cases  of  emergency,  or  to 
assist  in  hearing  appeals  to  his  ma- 
j<*sty  in  council,  which,  before  the 
separation  of  America  from  Great  • 
Britain,  were  very  frequent.  These 
various  occupations,  so  entirely  en- 
gaged his  time  and  his  mind  at  this 
period,  that  there  was  very  little 
leisure  for  writing  out  his  notes,  or 
preparing  a  correct  copy  of  his  judg- 
ments, especially  as  he  never  had 
tlie  least  intention  of  making  them 
public.  There  are  therefore  at  this 
tinu^  few  judgments  under  his  own 
hand  ;  which  is  much  to  be  regret- 
ted, as  this  undoubtedly  was  the 
period  of  his  life  in  which  his  abili- 
ties were  most  exerted  and  raost  ac- 
knowledged :  but  though  there  are  " 
comparatively  few  written  out  by 
himself,  yet  there  are  many  pub- 
lished in  the  Iqw  reports  of  this 

period^ 


CHARACTERS* 


723 


peiiod,  particularly  in  those  of  sir 
James  Barrow  and  Mr.  sergeant 
Wilson. 

In  tlie  mean  while  he  never  forgot 
the  profession,  which  was  the  /irst 
object  of  his  choice,  and  which  he 
might  have  addressed  in  tlie  language 
«f  truth,  as  well  as  of  poetry  : 

•  Ille  mcos,  primus  qui   mesibi  junxit, 
amores 
Abstulit,  ille  habcat  sccum,  strvetque 
sepulchro. 

He  was,  like  his  great  predeces- 
sor, sir  Matthew  Hale,  whom,  in 
many  parts  of  his  character,  he  much 
resembled,  a  veiy  good  divine,  and 
lived  in  habits  of  intimacy  with 
many  persons  of  high  reputation  in 
the  church. 

He  was  also  very  fond  of  the  arts, 
particularly  painting  and  music  j  and 
often  talked  with  rapture  of  a  jour- 
ney into  Italy. 

On  tlie  resignation  of  lord  Cam- 
den, and  subsequent  deatli  of  Mr. 
Yorke,  in  January  177^,  the  great 
seal,  with  other  honours,  was  of- 
fered to  sir  Eardley  by  the  dpke  of 
Grafton.  Sir  Eardley  shook  his 
head,  and  be<!:o:ed  to  be  excused. 
Lord  Camden  afterwards  told  a  com- 
mon friend,  that  he  never  was  so 
surprised  in  his  life  as  when  he 
heard  that  sir  Eardley  had  really  de- 
clined it. 

Tiie  great  seal  was  again  pressed 
upon  sir  Eardley  in  tlie  course  of 
that  year  by  lord  North,  who,  on 
the  resioTiation  of  tlie  duke  of  Graf- 
ton,  succeeded  as  ^st  lord  of  the 
treasury.  But  sir  Eardk-y  was  at 
this  time  too  fixed  in  his  resolution 
pf  retiring  altogether  from  public 
business  j  and,  having  no  sir  Joseph 
Yates  near  him,  it  seemed  to  him  a 
good  oi^portunity  to  urge  the  same 
reason  for  resigning  the  oflice  he* 
held,  as  for  declining  tlic  one  that 


was  offered  him.  His  ill  health  had 
prevented  him  occasionally  from  at- 
tending his  court,  and  he  had  beei^ 
under  the  necessity,  more  than  once, 
(though  with  much  pain  to  himself) 
of  reqtiesting  some  of  his  brethren 
to  attend  the  sittings  for  him,  which 
is  not  the  least  important,  or  lex^Jt 
laborious,  part  of  the  duty  of  the 
chief  justice  in  each  court. 

His  intention  was  to  have  resign- 
ed without  receiving  any  pension 
from  the  crown,  as  is  well  known 
in  his  family ;  with  this  view,  and 
to  be  near  the  British  Museum, 
which  for  nrnny  years  he  had  much 
6*equented,  he  took  a  small  house  in 
Great  Russel  street :  indeed,  his 
residence  in  or  near  town,  for  tlie 
advantage  of  medical  advice,  was 
now  become  absolutely  necessary. 
But  it  was  with  much  difficulty  he 
was  permitted  to  decline  the  great 
seal.  When  this  was  done,  apd  hlg 
resignation  of  the ^ chief  just ioe>hip 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  was 
at  last  accepted  in  January  1771,  he 
was  much  surprised  and  disconcert- 
ed to  find,  that  it  was  expected  he 
was  to  receive  a  pension  for  life. 
This  he  withstood  in  two  several  in- 
terviews with  tjie  first  lord  of  the 
treasuiy:  but  his  majesty  having 
desired  to  gee  him  at  Buckingham- 
house,  was  pleased  to  declare,-  that 
he  could  not  suffer  so  faitliful  a  ser- 
vant to  the  public  to  retire,  witliout 
receiving  this  mark  of  approbation 
and  reward  for  his  exemplary  ser- 
vices. After  this,  sir  Eardley  thought 
it  would  be  vanity  and  affectation  to 
contend  any  longer;  and  certainly 
his  private  fortune  would  not  have 
enabled  him  to  have  lived  in  the 
manner  to  which  he  had  been  ac- 
customed, and  which  he  thought 
while  he  held  his  office  of  chief  jus- 
tice, the  dignity  of  his  situation  re- 
3  A  2  ,        quired. 


724       ANNUAL   RtGlSTfift,  1802. 

quired.  He  had  declined  many  op-  since  creirtfeS  marquis  of  LafisrfottTft^ 
portunitics  of  ennobling  and  en-  sir  I'bomas  Parker,  lord  Himting-i 
ricbintij  hinist'lf,  and  yet  possessed  don,  lord  Hurdwicke,  and  lord  Ba- 
sufticient  for  his  own  moderate  thurst,  by  whom  he  was  frequently 
dcsiix's.  II«  had  brought  up  all  his  consnlt^i'd,  while  he  held  the  great 
sons  to  active  business,  and  was  seal,  both  on  political  and  legal  sub- 
justly  sensible  that  this  was  prefer-  jccts.  He  was  resorted  to  by  thesis 
able  to  any  fortune  he  could  gi^e,  and  a  few  others  for  advice  and  foir 
or  leave  them.  But  as  he  was  tlius  entertainment,  his  conrersation  be- 
libcrally  provided  for  by  his  majes-  ing  equally  cheerfiil  and  instructive. 
ty*s  bounty,  he  thought  the  least  he  A  person  who,  with  the  greatest 
could  do  was  to  make  every  return  honour  to  himself  and  advantage  to 
inhispo\Ver  J  and  having  the  honour  the  nation,  had  filled  xtiAWf  high 
of  being  one  of  his  majesty's  privy  stations  in  publiclife,  told  the '^'htsr 
council,  lie,  in  conjunction  with  of  these  sheets,  that  he  wis  never 
the  venerable  sir  Thomas  Parker,  in  his  company  without  fedinghim^ 
•who  had  been  chief  baron  of  the  self  the  happier  and  thfe  better  for  it. 
exchequer,  uniformly  attended  the  He  mentioned,  Smcnig  dthfer  dliee^ 
appeals  to  the  king  in  council  till  the  dotes,  tliat  he  once  went  to  sir  Eard- 
year  1/82,  when  his  increasing  in-  ley,  under  the  irtipiiession  of  gitat 
iirmities  obliged  him  to  give  up  this  wrath  and  indignation,  tit  &  rttt 
last  phrt  of  what  he  thought  his  pub-  injury  which  he  had  received  fxtQi 
lie  duty.  His  ser\'ices  in  tliis  inter-  a  person  high  in  the  politiod  wozld» 
val  had  been  constant,  and  were  and  which  he  was  meditating  how  to 
frequently  acknowledged  by  the  lord  resent  in  the  most  effectual  manner, 
president  of  the  council,  and  by  the  After  relating  the  particulars  to  «xt 
minister  in  parliament.  Eardley,  he  asked,  if  he  did  ndt 
About  this  time,  the  reversion  of  think  it  would  be  *'  manly"  to  re^ 
an  estatt  in  Derbyshire,  of  about  sent  it  ?  Ye^,  said  sir  Eardley^  cer* 
400/.  per  ann,  fell  in  to  him  by  the  tainly,  it  will  be  "  manly"  to  resent 
death  of  a  gentleman,  to  whose  fo-  it :  but,  added  be,  it  would  hi 
mily  he  was  allied,  and  with  which  "  god-like"  to  forgive  it.  This  th§ 
in  the  early  part  of  his  life  he  had  gentleman  declared   had   such 


lived  in  great  intimacy :  but  there  instantaneous  eflfect  upon  him,  thil 

being  an   illegitimate   son  of   one  he  came  away  quite  a  di^erent  ihani 

branch  of  the  family  alive,  whom' sir  and  in  a  totally  diflferfcnt  temper  from 

Eardley   had    patronized  from  his  that  in  which  he  went. 
birth,  he  immediately  made  a  con-        His  principal  society  was  in  tlitt 

veyance  of  the  estate  to  him  for  his  bosom  of  his  o\l-n  fiihliiy,  as  three  ot 

life,  and  intended,  if  he  had  had  his  children  were  married,  and  btA  \ 

cliildren,    to  have  given  him  the  presented  him  with  twelve  granii* 

■U'hole  interest  in  it.  children.     His  wife,  indeed,  k  moat 

He  now  retired  totally  from  pub-  faithful  and  exemplary  one!  and  h?) 

lie    buhiness,    and   saw  very  little  eldest  son,  who,  to  say  all,  was  wor* 

r(impany  during  the  remainder  of  thy  of  such  a  fatlier !  be  was  so  utl« 

his  lite,  except  a  few  friends,  whom  fortunate  as  to  lose,  in  the  two  sue* 

time  had  hitherto  spared.  The  prin-  cessive  years  after  his  retreat  firortl 

tipaj  of  these  were  lord  Shelburne,  public  business.  The«e  losses^  tfaoogh 


CHARACTERS.  123 

fcftfbit  like  a  man^  he  bore  like  a  most  alarming  s3nnptom5^  but  by  the 

Diristian.  strength  of  his  constitution,  and  the 

His  cetreat  from  business  not  only  great  skill  and  attentipn  of  his  phyr 

procured  him  ease  and  healthy  but  sician,  sir  Richard  Jebb,  he  was  en- 

probably  added  many  years  to  his  abled  to  remove  into  the  country, 

life.     No  one  ever  more  completely  and  gradually  recovered  from  the  im- 

enjoyed  **otium    cum    dignitate."  mediate  effects  of  it.    He  can  hardly 

His  first  employment  in  a  morning  ho\vever  be  said  to  have  Uved»  or  at 

was  to  read  and  study  a  chapter  or  least  to  have  enjoyed  any  degree  q£ 

twain  the  Greek  Testament.    Ana-  health  or  comfort  after  this  attacj:, 

toray  was  one  of  bis  favourite  pur-  except  such  as  arose  from  the  atten- 

suits  daring  his  retirement,  and  with  tion  of  his  children,  tlie  contempla- 

this  \iew  he  regularly  attended  the  tion  of  a  well-spent  life,  and  that 

lectures  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Hun-  £rm,  but  humble  confidence  in  a 

■ter.  joyful  resurrection,  whidi  christianitjr 

He  was  in  the  habit  of  entering  alones  inspires. 

m  his  common-place  book  the  death  After  having  thus  passed  a  life  of 

of  his  friends  and  contemporaries,  advantage  to  the  public,  and  of  great 

with  a  short  account  of  them.     It  delight  to  his  family  and  friends,  he 

will  be  further  illustration  of  his  own  died,  on  tlic  5  th  of  February  179^* 

character,  to  observe  how  ready  he  aged  eighty-two. 

was  to  do  justice  to  the  worth  of  He  left  his  eldest  surviving  son 

Others.  his  sole  executor,  with  express  di- 

Sir  Eardley  had  a  very  severe  ill-  rections,  in  his  own  hand  writing, 

ness  in  tlie  spring  of  1780,   which  tor  a  plain  marble  tablet  to  be  put  up 

terminated  in  a  jaundice  of  tlie  worst  in  the  churcli  of  Berkswell,  in  the 

kind,  and  being  seat  to  Bath  by  sir  county  of  Warwick,  with  an  inscrip- 

Noah  Thomas,  iiis  life  was  long  de-  tion,  containing  an  account  of  his 

•spaired  of,  till  by  taking  a  medicine  birtli,  death,  the  dates  of  his  appoint- 

which  he  there  met  with,  he  was  ments,  and  names  ot  his  children, 

restored  to  his  family.  "  without  any  other  addition  what- 

From  Bath  he  went  to  Bright-  ever.**  Sir  Eardley  alwa>:s  considered 
helmstone,  in  the  beginning  of  June,  epitaphs  as  of  litde  use,  except  in 
and  was  no  sooner  arrived  there  then  furnishing  evidence  of'  fj^cts  and 
'file  accounts  followed  him  of  tlie  dates,  in  which  respect  he  had  often 
riots  in  London  j  on  the  reportjj  being  found  them  of  considerable  import- 
brought  to  him  every  day  of  ihe  in-  ance  in  tlie  course  of  his  profession- 
creasing  tumults  and  mischief,  he  al  experience, 
declared,  witli  unusual  warmth,  that  His  person  was  of  the  middle 
*' he  tliought  it  impossible  there  siae;  his  countenance  .of  a  com- 
could  be  one  soldier  or  one  lawyer  in  manding  and  dignilied  asjieci.;  hie 
London  5  for  if  there  were,  the  riots  eye  particolaily  lively  aad  aQinoated, 
would  not  have  been  suffered  to  get  tempered  with  great  sweetnest  «nd 
to  such  a  height."  benignity.     His  knowledge  was  exr 

From  this  time  to  March  17S6,  tensive  and  profound,  a^d  perhaga 

sir  Eardley  had  a  tolerable  share  of  nothing  but  huj  natural  modesty  pre- 

hcidrh:  at  this  period,  he  Was  at-  vented    him    from    equalling    Uxe 

tacked  by  a  violent  fever,  with  th«  greatest  of  his. prtdcceascxs. .  It  was 

3  A3  thjj 


26 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802;, 


tilis  invincible  modesty  which  con- 
tinually acted  as  a  tetter  lipoii  his 
abilities  and  learning,  and  prevented 
their  full  exertion  in  tlie  service  of 
tlu^  public.  Whenever  any  occasion 
arose,  that  ni;i(le  it  necessary  for  him 
to  come  f(;rvvaid  (ns  was  sometimes 
the  ease  in  the  house  of  lord<5,  in  the 
i'ourt  of  chancerv,  and  in  the  com- 
mon  pleas),  it  was  always  with  re- 
luctance, to  perform  a  duty,  not  to 
court  applause,  which  had  no  charms 
tor  his  pure  and  enlii:jht<'ned  mind. 

J^irt  of  all  iJie  pans  of  sir  Eardley*s 
character,  none  was  more  conspi- 
cuous than  the  manner  in  which  he 
conducted  him,-; ill  on  the  bench,  in 
thut  most  delicate  and  important  of- 
fice of  hearing  causes,  eitlier  of  a 
crijninal  or  civil  nature :  he  was  not 
only  practically  slvilled  in  his  profes- 
sion, but  his  penetration  was  quick 
and  not  to  be  eluded ;  his  attention 
constant  and  unabated;  his  elocution 
clear  and  harmonious ;  but,  above 
all,  his  temper,  modcraiion^patience, 
and  impartiality,  were  so  distin- 
guislied,  that  the  parties,  solicitors, 
counsel,  and  audience,  went  away 
informed  and  satisfied.  If  not  con- 
tented— *•  etiam  contra  quos  statuit, 
aequos  placatosque  dimisit."  This 
was  the  case  in  questions  of  pri- 
vate property  :  but  where  any  points 
of  a  public  nature  arose,  tlierc  his 
ft»ipeiior  abilities  and  public  virtue 
were  eminently  characterized^  equal- 
ly free  from  courting  ministerial  fa- 
vour, or  popular  applause,  he  held 
the  scale  perfectly  even  between  the 
4;rown  and  the  people,  and  thus  be- 
came equally  a  fa\ourite  with  both. 
This  was  conspicuous  on  many  oc- 
casions, but  particularly  in  the  im- 
|iortant  cause,  related  before,  be- 
tween Mr.  Wilkes  and  lord  Halifax, 
in  l/Og, 
Witli  superior  talents  from  na- 


ture, improved  by  unremitting  ii;U^ 
dustry  and  extensive  leahiing,  both 
in  and  out  of  his  profession,  he 
possessed  such  native  humbleness 
of  mind  and  simplicity  of  manners^ 
that  no  rank  nor  station  ever  made 
h'ui  think  highly  of  himself,  .or 
meanly  oi'  othera.  In  short,  when 
we  contemplate  his  various  excel- 
lencies, we  find  ourselves  at  a  loss 
whether  most  to  admire  his  deep 
and  extensive  learning  and  pene* 
tration  as  a  lawyer,  his  industry, 
probity,  firmness,  wisdom,  and  pa- 
tience  as  a  judge,  his  taste  and  de^ 
gant  ac<  omplishments  as  a  scholar, 
his  urlxinity  and  refined  sentinienfs 
as  a  gentkniiMi,  or  his  jnety  and 
humility  as  a  Christian.  But  when 
we  approach  nearer  and  view  him 
in  the  shade  of  private  life,  tlien  we 
may  contidently  assert,  that  he  has 
left  an  illustricus  and  encouraging 
example  of  tlie  ])rogress  which  man, 
witit  all  his  frailties,  may  make  m 
the  attainment  and  exercise  of  those 
virtues  and  graces,  of  which  the 
great  Teacher  and  Saviour  of  man* 
kind  condescended,  in  his  own  per- 
son, to  exhibit  the  perfect  and 
inimitable  pattern ! 


Account  of  the  Mam  o  I  tikes,  with  the 
Characters  of  tJunr  principal  Beys» 
From  Wahh's  Journal  of'  the 
Campaign  in  Egypt, 

ON  tlie  1st  of  June^  the  aim^ 
moved  forward  at  daylight 
about  three  miles,  and  fornoed  a 
new  encampment  near  the  village 
of  Mishlee.  In  tlie  evening,  Os- 
maii  Bey  Tambourgi  arrived  with 
his  Manuilukes,  and  took  up  his 
ground  between  Termnch  and  £1 
Bourigeat. 

Th^ 


CHARACTERS.  12% 

They  appeared  to  be  about  1200  the  world  j  but  without  tactics,  and 

in  number  j    Gxtry    individnnl    su-  riever  acting  in  a  body,  they  ciin- 

perbly  mounted,  richly  dressed,  and  not  be  expected  to  succeed  against 

attended  by  a  servant  on  foot,  car-  European  troops.     Their  desperate 

lying  a   long   stick  in    his   hand,  courage,  and  singular  dexterity  in 

B^ut  the  magnificence  of  the  beys  managing  their  horses,  were  often 

Or    chiefs    was  beyond    any  tiling  experienced   by   the    French,    and 

tliat  can  be  conceived.     They  were  never  shown  more  conspicuous  than 

lodged  in    spacious  tents,    divided  at  tlie  celebrated  battle  of  Embabeh, 

into  several  apartments,  the  insides  where  they  repeatedly  charged  the 

lined  witli  rich  stuffs,  and  the  bot-  solid  square  of   the   French,    and 

torn  covered  with  beautiful  Turkey  where  so  many  of  them  fell  victims 

carpets.  to  their  ill-judged  bravery. 

Notliing  can  equal  tlie  grand  and  These  Mamalukes  were  so  richly 
splendid  appearance  of  this  cavalry,  dressed  and  accoutred,  that  thci 
Their  horses  are  well  made,  strong,  Fi'ench  soldiers  actually  fished  up 
sleek,  and  plump,  very  sure-footed,  the  bodies  of  those  who  were 
and  stately  in  their  attitudes,  and  drowned  in  the  Nile,  by  which  they 
having  altogether  the  most  beau-  obtained  very  considerable  booty, 
tiful  appearance.  The  magnificence  The  following  afe  the  names  of 
of  the  trappings,  with  which  they  the  beys  who  joined  genenil  Hut- 
are  covered,  is  amazing,  and  the  chinson :  Osnian  Bey  Tambourgi, 
saddles  and  housings  glitter  witli  Mahomed  Bey  Elfi,  Achmet  Bey, 
gold  and  silver,  almost  dazzling  the  Osman  Bey  Berdici,  Osman  Bey 
eyes  of  the  astonished  spectator.  Hassan,  and  Selim  Bey,  Each  of 
Indeed,  a  Mamaluke  may  be  said  tliese  beys  made  presents  of  horse» 
to  carry  all  his  wealth  about  him  ;  to  the  British  general  officers, 
his  horse,  sword,  and  pistols,  beau-  From  the  time  of  the  conquest 
tifully  wrought  and  inlaid  with  of  Egypt  by  Amrou,  one  of  the 
silvery  are  \\  oith  very  great  sums,  generals  of  Omar,  the  first  calif, 
and  constitute  the  chief  part  of  his  till  the  eighth  century,  this  country 
riches.  was  governed  by  tlie  lieutenants  of 

Tliese  horses,  as  well  as  all  those  the  cahfs,    and   by  sultans  of  the 

to  be  found  in  Egyi)t,  have  only  race  of  tlie    Fatimites  and  Aiou- 

two  paces  3   the  walk,  in  which  they  bites. 

step   out  well,    and  a  full   gallop.  The  he^d  of  the  latter  family  wqs 

Tliey  are  accustomed  to  stop  dead  that  Saladin,  who  acquired  so  much 

short,  when  going  full  speed  5  this  fame  against  the  crusaders.     It  was 

is   effected  by  the    means   of   tlie  one  of  his  weak  successors,   who 

most    severe    bit     in     the    world,  was  first  obliged  to  commit  his  cas- 

Avhich  throws  back  tlie  horse  upon  ties  to  a  guatd  of  foreigners  which 

his    haunches ;    but    this    practice  originally  consisted  of  young  slaves, 

very  soon  ruins  their  legs,  and  it  is  These  had  been  purchased  by  the 

seldom  they  can  hold  out  against  it  merchants  from  the  Moguls,  who 

for  any  length  of  time.  were  at  that  time  oven'unning^  the 

The  Mamalukes,  taken  as  light  greater  part  of  Asia  under  GenghU 

troops,  or  as  individual  horsemen,  arc  Khan.              ' 

equal^and  perhaps  superior,  to  any  in  This   guard  called    Mamalukes; 

3  A  4  •  V  (i.  c. 


r2B         ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 

(!.p.  in  Aral)ie,sl;!vrs)\vas:it()nctiii:e  dclegatinor  the  power  of  sultiin  to 

cii\i(l(\l  into  two  t.orps.     One  thon-  a  bey,  who,  by  basely  betraying  his 

sand  h:id  the  t  nr*^*  of  the  river,  and  former  master,  had  been  of  service 

lived  on  an   island  r.car  Cairo ;  the  to  Selim  j    and  quitted  the  country 

other  coq:s,  which  was  more  nu-  six  montiis  after  liis  first  entry  into 

meroiis,  had  the  chajgc  of  the  gar-  (?airo,  h-aving  llie  Mamalukes  stUI 

risons.  masters  of  it. 

It  was  the  la^t  sultan  of  tlie  Aion-        Soliman,  the  legislator,  the  suc- 

biic  rac<*,    in  the  eiglith   century,  ccssor  of  Sclim,   who    raised    thei 

who    so    gallantly    opposed    Saint  Turkish  empire  to  its  highest  splen- 

Lewis,  and  took  him  prisoner,  hut  dour    and  greatest   power,  gave  4 

I(»st  his  throne  and  his  lite  on  the  constitution,    not   only    to    Egypfj, 

field  of  battle.      The  ^1  a  ma  hikes,  but   to  all    the  different  provinces 

by  tliis  time  very  numerous,  were  com])osing  tliat  heterogeneous  mass 

governed  by  twenty-four  beys,  who  of  empire.      He   found  it   in   the 

liad  cni^rosscd  nil  the  principal  of-  first   jilace  necessary  to  establish*  a 

ticcs  of  the  stare  ;  and,  being  dis-  counserpoise  for  the  power  and  in- 

contented  wiLirj'ouran-Shah,  whom  Hucnce  of  the  Mamalukes ;    to  ef- 

4hcy  suspected  of  yiome  designs  un-  f< ct  which,  he  e.stablished  the  corps 

Favourable    to     tliem,    assassinated  odjacklis  or   militia,    composed  of 

Itim  at  the  beginning  of  his  reign,  natives  of  Egypt,  and  into  wliich  a 

in  the  year  V250,  and  put  Azzedin  Mamalukc  was  on  no  account  to 

T»ry,  one  of  their  own  body,  into  his  be  admitted.     I'o  these  corp»  he 

jlace.  gave  great  powers;  to  tlieMama-^ 

From  tJiis  time  thcn^  was  nothing  lukes  he  left  nothing  but  honorary- 
hut  a  continued  scene  of  treachtrry  titles,  a  little  military  authority, 
and  murder ;  whoever  aspired  to  be  and  a  few  villages  for  their  difiercht 
hultiHi,    formed  a   party,  and  after  oliieers. 

having  murdered  his  rival,  waited        He  established  a  pacha,  as  his  re- 

for  a  favourable  opportunity  to  seize  pre«entative,  who  was  at  the  head 

tiie  reins  of  governrrient.  of  tlie   gcnernment,  and  who  bad 

Whoever  assasinated  the   sultan  the  nomination  of  the  diftcrent  of^ 

was    generally    proclaimed    in    his  iicers  of  state,     llie  beys  had  in-. 

plac©3  and  sometimes  two  or  three  deod  the  choice  of  a  successor,  tQ 

reigned  at  the  same  time  in  Syria,  fill  up  any  vacancies  among  them-  ■ 

UppeT  I'.gypt,  and  Cairo,  v.ho  were  selves,    but   they  were  obliged  tQ 

continually  at   war,    till  the  most  present  the  [ktsou  so  chosen  to  the 

daring  and  enterprising  had  destroy-  pacha  in  full  divan,  to  be  invested 

ed  the  others.  with   the  dignity  by  hira. 

These  dissensions  continued  till        llie  pacha  of  Egypt  was  oflen 

sultan  Selim  the  Second,  surnamed  the  road  to  the  great  office  of  the 

the  Great,  taking  advantage  of  the  vizirate,    and   was    sometimes    an 

divisions  among  tlie  beys,  conquered  lionoiurable  retreat  for  "a  di.<<graced 

Egypt.      Findiuij  it  more  easy   to  vizier.     He  could  be  formally  de- 

vanqnish  them,  than  to  make  them  posed   by   the  corp.^   of   niilitia  in 

submit    to  a  despotic  government,  the  divan,  and  mude  to  settle  hi^ 

\.f:   did  not   attempt  to  give  them  aecounls  before  ha  Itfr  the  country. 

\* ./   hw<,  but   was   content  witli  Tlrt»  reasons  icr  his  bchig  so  were 

trans- 


CHARACTERS. 


72» 


transmitted  to  Constantinople,  where 
fee  was  always  replaced ;  and  indeed 
it  rarely  happened  that  a  pacha 
died  in  his  situation,  as  they  were 
«o  frequently  changed. 

The  divan,  which  assembled 
twice  a  week  to  deliberate  on  all 
the  affairs  of  state,  was  composed 
<rf  the  twenty-four  beys,  the  prin- 
cipal officers  of  the  militia,  and 
the  great  lawyers.  The  pacha  was 
the  president  of  this  assembly. 

Xhe  tribute  paid  to  the  Porte  was 
12Q0  purses  of  piastres  (about 
50,000/. )>  beside  a  quantity  of  rice, 
com,  &c. 

In  this  manner  the  government 
went  on  without  any  event  of  im- 
portenoe,  being  notliing  moredian 
<»nstant  intrigues,  sometimes  be- 
tween the  Mamalukes  and  the 
pRcha,  to  repress  the  aspiring  am- 
bition of  some  chiefs  of  the  mi- 
-Ikia. 

This  wise  constitution  lasted  till 
the  middle  of*»  the  present  ccntur}-, 
when  a  variety  of  causey  conspired 
to  overturn  it.  I'hc  Ix'vs  were  then 
•beginning  to  take  the  lead  in  all 
aflairs,  and  tlie  paclias  wevc  merely 
-cypher*,  scarcely  possessing  the  sha- 
dow of  their  ancient  authontv. 

About  the  year  1/48,  a  paciia  of 
a  more  determined  cast  was  ap- 
pointed, who,  tiiiding  it  impoi^ii- 
ble  to  assert  his  suptniority,  with- 
.out  strfking  some  great  blow,  took 
.a  Tesdlution  to  de^nroy  tli«  beys  at 
once  by  assassinaiioii. 

Accordingly,  as  Uiey  were  com- 
ing to  tike  their  places  at  the  divan, 
seventeen  of  tbcni  were  murdered, 
the  rest  escapcHi. 

Such  a  daring  and  open  act  of 
barbarity  had  not  the  desired  etfect; 
for  the  indignation  of  all  classes 
against  the  par  ha  ran  so  high,  that 
he,  was  bblig-  d  to  quit  liis  sitUiitiwn, 


and .  save  his  life  by  escaping  to 
Constantinople* 

At  that  period  Ibrahim  Caya,  a 
determined  and  ambitious  man  of 
the  Mamaluke  race,  had  got '  by 
intrigue  into  the  corps  of  m'ditia,  in 
which  he  held  a  very  high  situa- 
tion. He  aspired  to  he  elected 
Sheick  el  Belled,  or  chief  of  the 
Mamalukes,  and  to  restore  tliem 
to  their  original  ascendency ;  and 
played  his  cards,  so  well,  that  in  a 
few  yeafs  he  had  insinuated  all  the 
Mamalukes  of  his  party  into  the 
militia,  which  gave  him  such  an 
ascendency,  tliat  he  easily  kept  the 
remainder  quiet.  Had  he  lived,  he 
would  in  all  probability  have  suc- 
ceeded in  making  himself  sultan  of 
Egypt,  independent  of  tlie  Porte ; 
but  he  was  poisoned  by  an  emissary 
of  the  court  of  Constantinople,  who 
hoped,  by  destroying  tliis  aspiring 
chief,  to  regain  their  authority 
which  was  so  completely  sliaken. 

Ali  Bt^y  die  (rrcift,  a  man  of 
more  talents,  with  e<]ual  ambition 
and  intrepidity,  suixjf^edcd  Ibrahim. 
He  was  tlie  liist  Mamaluke  who 
openly  dedared  the  bold  design  of 
freeing  Eg}pt  for  cwr  from  the 
nominal  authority  of  the  "court  of 

ft  '_  _ 

Constantinople.  Throwing  off*  the 
mask  entirely,  he  assumed  perfect 
independence  5  hut  wliat  he  gained 
by  force,  he  lost  by  treachery. 

Ismael  Bey  and  Maliomed  Bey 
conspirexl  against  him,  and  droire 
him  into  Syria,  where  he  took  re- 
fuge witii  tiie  celebrated  Dahir, 
who  had  rendered  himself  master  6f 
Syria,  and  laughed  at  all. the  fee>blc 
e&brts  of  die  Porte  to  reduce  hJnK 

Ali  Bey,  having  received  some 
small  assistance  from,  the  Russians 
and  from  Dahir,  crossed  the  Desert 
tp  m^t^  h\$  Qpiitiucnts.  A  batile 
was  fought  near  Habhirli,  in  which 

Ali 


^50        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


AU  was  wounded  bv  one  of  liLs  own 
farty,  supposed  to  have  been  Mt»ii- 
i^acl  Bey,  and  was  in  conswiuence 
uikrn  prisoner.  Ho  was  m-aied 
with  great  resjKfct,  and  cuTied  to 
Cairo,  whcic  he  di».d  a  few  dy)s 
attcrward. 

All  Hcv  was  born  in  Anatolia,  a 
province   of    the  Turkish  eni}):rc. 
lie  was  brought  young  into  i-g\  pt, 
where  he  was  purchased  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  other  jVIa:i}r.hikt  s, 
and  raised   himself    by  his   er»ti  r- 
prislng  and  ambitious  spirit  lo  tiiat 
situation,   which    made    the   Pone 
tremble    for    tlie    reuiiins    of   iis 
power  in  Egypt.     -Mourad  iicy,  as 
chief  of  the  faction  of  Ail,    soon 
set  up  for  himself,  and  droxe  his 
opponents    from    Cairo    for    s(»me 
timej  but  they  regained  pos^e^^ion 
of  the  capital,  and  kept  it,  till  rhey 
both  died  natural  deatlis.   Malionied 
Boy  died  first,  at  Acre,  after  hav- 
ing taken  the  town.     At  the  dediii 
of  Ismael,  JMourad  Bey  agii'n  a-;- 
sumed    the    government,     litough 
Ibniliim  Bey   nominally  shared    it 
with  him. 

Tiiere  was  never  a  Sheick  A 
Belled  whose  reign  was  of  loniier 
duration.  From  the  year  17/0  to 
lyOI,  a  few  intermptions  excepied, 
he  retained  possession  of  the  su- 
preme power.  For  this  conliiiii- 
ance  in  the  exercise  of  his  so;.*- 
reignty,  in  a  country  where  autiiv>- 
litv  seldom  remains  lon^c  in  the 
same  hands,  he  was  indebted  ro 
bis  unbounded  liberality  a:.d  i^icjt 
comage. 


At  the  arrival  of  the  French 
in  Kgypt,  ll)rahim  Rey  in  a 
tardly  manner  made  his  esca 
Syvia,  where  he  remained  w 
f<\v'  Manlalukes,  who  had  assa 
thcmselv(!s  to  hij*  fate,  till  the 
kiiely  returned.  But  Mourac 
gallantly  f«ught  them  as  long 
could,  aiul  was  on  his  wav  tc 
us,  wiien  the  phigue  cut  hii 
The  Mamalukes  certain) v  m 
\  (Ty  noble  defence  under  this 
by  which  their  numbers  were 
roduci'd.  I'hey  are,  howc\'C 
no  means  annthi!;rLed,  and 
always  dt'rive  .strength  fror 
aversion  which  the  natives 
for  the  Turk:**. 

During  all  the  revohitions  s 

the    Man laU ikes    that    have 

place  during   the  last  sixty 

Uit;  pacha  w:is  notli'mg  more 

an  empty  representative  of  tl 

thority  which    the    cx>urt  of 

stantinoplc   anciently    exercii 

Egypt,  the  whole  power  be' 

rhe  hands  of  tlie  Sheick  el  ] 

The  functions  of  ilie   pacha 

conlineJ  to  receivine:  and  tra 

tiitor  \X\Q    niiri   or    tribute    t 

grand  seignior,  whenever  th< 

tJiought  pro]  er  to  p;iy   it. 

ust  less  for  him  to  dispute  t) 

of  the  all-po\\!rrMil  boys,   a: 

4  ordinal/  he  :ie\er  made  an 

Lit  ion    at     uui'vinjj    their    > 

VVidiout  troops,  and  wkhoi 

means  of  enforcing  his   aut 

how  could  he  do  otherwise  ? 

IMourad  Bey  po.^sesscs  gres 

lilies  and  great  vices.     To 


•  The  Turkish  pacha  at  Calio  i:-  ncv;  fori:f»:ng  himself  in  thri*-  r:ty,   in 
resist  any  aticnipis  of  the  victorious  b->s,  who  arc  njastirri  of  all  I'pper  Eg] 
extend  their  powjr  cv.-.ii  as  lar  us  ihc  Py.'uiniJs.     'J  he  jacha'i  troops  have  I 
f;:atcd  bv  thcni  iii  .^t.xcriii  ci:c".'.jr*.'niontj. 

TheTurkiih  force;  at  prc?int  in  Kzjrpf  coni^t  in  3000  mf:n  at  Dumietta, 
Roscita,  aad  -20,^00  at  Cairc.    Al.'iuridr.u  u  still  sarrii^ned  by  Biitish  uoopa. 


CHARACTERS- 


791 


Tery  that  knew  no  bounds,  he 
joined  an  extraordinary-  bodily 
strength :  impetuous  and  extre- 
mely violent,  his  passions  often  led 
him  to  acts  of  cruelty ;  he  was  libe- 
ral to  prodigality,  and  greedily  ra- 
pacious -y  intrepid,  active,  and  dex- 
terous, bold  in  enterprise  and  cool 
in  action : '  had  Mouiad  enjoyed 
the  advantages  of  a  liberal  educa- 
tion, he  might  have  been  a  good  as 
weU  as  a  great  man. 
.  The  nominal  place  of  chief  of 
the-  Manialukes  was  at  this  time 
possessed  by  Ibraliim  Bey,  who  had 
.been  witii  the  grand  vizier's  army  for 
some  time  5  but  from  his  want  o£ 
spirit  and  enterprise,  he  had  very 
little  influence  over  them.  He  took 
great  pains  to  give  no  jealousy  to  the 
vizier,  wishing  to  keep  in  his  fa^ 
VGur,  though  he  did  not  possess  his 
.•confidence.  His  object  was  to  be 
nominated  Sheick  el  Belled,  after 
the  subjection  of  i^gypt.  Osman 
Bey  Tambourgi*  was  tlie  person 
.looked  upon  as  their  chief,  having 
been  nominated  by  Mourad  Bey  on 
his  death -bed.  He  was  of  a  violent 
temper  j  but  of  no  extraordinary 
talents.  Mahomed  Bey  Eifi,  so  sur- 
named  from  the  number  of  sequins 
for  which  he  was  purchased,  Eifi 
signifying  a  Uiousand,  had  however 
the  most  extensi\e  influence.     He 


is  gifted  widi  great  abilities,  joined 
to  the  utmost  prudence  j  is  of  an 
open'  and  liberal  disposition,  and  oJf 
the  greatest  personal  courage. 

One  particular  trait  wUl  stamp 
his  character ;  at  the  deskth  of  Mou- 
rad, all  die  beys  looked  up  to  him, 
and  wished  to  ap|X)iht  him  chief,  ia 
opposition  to  the  desire  expressed  by 
Mourad  j  but  he  declined  accepting 
it,  thinking  they  were  weak  enough, 
without  quarrelling  among  them- 
selves. 

Osman  Bey  Berdici  was  said  to 
be  an  ambitious  and  able  man,  but 
not  so  prudent  as  Mahomed,  He 
had,  however,  a  great  deal  of  influ- 
ence and  a  strong  party. 

But  the  chief  counsellor  of  die 
Mamalukes,  who  transacted  all  tlieir 
business,  was  a  black,  who  had  bcea 
Mourad  Bey*s  confidant.  It  is  sup- 
posed, tliat  it  was  he  who  persuaded 
Mourad  to  nominate  Osman  Bey 
Tambourgi  as  his  successor,  in  or- 
der that  he  might  still  keep  the 
management  of  their  aliairs  as  Cay^ 
Bey.  He  was  a  remarkably  shrewc^^ 
insinuating  character,  and  was  em- 
ployed in  all  the  negotiations  both 
with  the  French  and  English. 

To  be  a  Mamaluke,   it  was  in- 
dispensably necessary  to  have  been  a 
slave  :  and  even  die  child  of  a  Ma- ' 
maluke  could  not  hold  any  employ- 


♦  Osman  Bey  Tambour*^!,  in  open  defiance  of  the  pledged  Ottoman  faith,  ani 
through  the  perfidious  pohcy  of  that  couit,  was  assassinated  in  the  month  of  October 
1801,  when  going  in  the  capoutan  pai.hci's  bar^e  to  dine  on  board  sir  Richard  Bicker- 
ton's  ship  in  the  harbour  of  Alexandria.  Osman  Bey  Ascar,  Mahomed  Bey  Maficc, 
and  the  black  Cay  a  Ecy,  the  confidant  of  Mourad  Bey,  also  shared  the  same  fatc- 
Osman  Bey  Bt-rdici  was  very  severely  w^mnded,  but  fortunately  recovered.  The  sur- 
vivors were  taken  on  boaid  the  capoutan  bey's  ship,  the  Sultan  Selim. 

Immediately  upon  the  above  transaction  being  made  known  to  lord  Hutchinson,  he 
ordered  brigudler-general  Stuart,  at  the  head  of  his  regiment,  and  with  guns  and 
lighted  matchfs,  to  proceed  to  the  Turkish  camp  on  the  eastward  of  Alexandria,  and 
to  insist  upon  the  bodies  of  the  beys  being  given  up  to  the  British.  This,  after  some  he^- 
tarion,  was  acceded  to  by  the  cajwutan  pacha,  and  the  remaining  beys  were  liberated 
the  next  day,  and  bent  to  Alexandria,  where  the.  bodies  of  those  whX)  had  been  skun 
were  buried  by  the  Britiih  army  with  uW  possible  military  hoaour«. 

mc»t 


•734       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    I8q2. 

ment   among    them.      The    beys,  forhuiate  batt!<^  of  Helxopolis, 

kiachefs,  and  otlier  officers  am(.ng  Uic  intiignes  of  his  enemies, 

the  Mamalukes,    purchased    tliese  this  he  is  indebted,  not  so  mu 

slaves  from  merchants,  who  broiigiit  his  own  abilities,  as  to  thepov 

them  to  Egypt.     They  were  of  all  protection  of  the  caya  (i.  e.  s 

nations  ami  countries,    some  ( jer-  intendent  of  the  household)  c 

n>ans    and    Russians,    but    chiefly  sultan,    the   sultan*s  mother, 

Georgians,    Circassians,    and  from  possesses  the  utmost  influeii' 

the  other  parts  of  Muunt  Caucasus.  Constantinople.     Still  he  has 

After  having  ser\'ed  their  masters  thing  to  fear  from  tlie  ascendei: 

■with  fidelity,  they  were  made  free,  the  capoutan  pacha,  who  h  i 

and  tlicn  had  tlie  right  of  buying  his  rival  than  his  personal  en 

slaves.     The  power  and  influent  But  Turkish  rivalry  cannot  be 

of  the  beys  were  proportionate  to  nified  with  the  name  of  ennili 

the   number    of   Mamalukes   tljat  and  there  can  be  little  doubi 

composed  their  household.  tlie  paclia  would  rejoice  in  4hi 

Mamalukes,  while  slaves,  cannot  grace  of  this  minister, 
wear  a  beard,  which  is  always  the         1  hough  tlie  vizier  is  total]} 

indisputable  proof  of  their  freedom,  acquainted  with  European  po 

Beside  the  twenty-four  beys,    they  and  indeed  with  every  kind  ^d 

were  governed  by  a  certain  number  ropean  knowledge,  he  is  prettj 

of  kiachefs,  an  employ  subordinate  versed  in  Oriental  lit^ture,  • 

to  tliat  of  a  bey.     Their  revenues  cularly  Persian.     He  is  by  nor 

consisted   in  those   villages   which  a  man  of  bright  talents ;  yet  h 

were  their  individual  property,  and  had  sufficient  good  sense  to.ac 

in  the  extortions  and  fines  which  plisli  tlie  very  difficult  task  of ! 

they  exacted  from  tlie  unfortunate  ing  his  army  in  some  degree  tA 

inhabitants.  ordination. 

The  Mamalukes  are  a  brave  and        One  of  the  most  prominent 

generous  race,  but  are  cruel  and  re-  of  his  character  is  an  indinati 

vengeful.     They  are  also  addicted  attribute  ever}'  circumstance  t 

toi  the  most  detestable  and  unnatural  course  of  fate,    which,  whet) 

of  crimes,  which  is  extremely  pre-  conduct  to  good  ot  e\*il,  he  t 

valent  in  most  parts  of  tlie  Turkish  irresistible,  and  any  effort  to 

empire.  its  torrent  he  considers  as  impj 

if  not   impious.     Under  this 

"^  pression,  when  surrounded  at 

Account  of  the  principal  Characters  V  Albanian  revolters,  who,  i 

of  the  Ottoman  Empire  in  1801.  own  tent,  presenting  their  mu 

From    iraklis    Journal  of    the  threatened  him  with  death,   i 

Campaign  in  Egi/pt.  immediately  paid,  his  answer 

Pecke  (i.  e.  very  well).     O 

THE  present  vizier  is  about  sixty-  his  greatest  faults  is  allowin 

six  years  of  age.  He  has  had  the  much  influence   to  his   favoi 

misfortune  to  lose  an  eye,  but  has  who  are  all  rapacious  in  the  gx 

been  able  to  retain  his  situation,  the  degree,  and  who  carry  on  the 

second  in  tlic  enipire,  ever  since  the  predations  in  his  name,  rclyi: 

year  l799»  notwittistand'tng  the  lan-  his  partiality  for  their  justific 


CHARACTERS. 


m 


Ofie  of  his  fivotiiites,  formerly  his 
cook,  is  the  present  pacha  of  Jeru- 
salem; and  is  one  o£  those  sup- 
posed to  have  Ijeen  concerned  in' 
the  murder  of  general  Klcber. 

Tlie  following  anecdote  will  place 
his  temper  in  its  most  amiable  point 
of  yitW.  His  highness  was  always, 
and  is  to  this  day,  very  fond  of 
tferr>\vihg  a  kind  of  iiioftensive  latnce, 
called  gyritt,  at  which  he  is  very 
expert.  This  feat  con.'^ists  in  riding 
up  full  speed  against  your  adversar)*, 
ai)d -darting  at  him  a  slender  staff  of 
i"  hard  heavy  wood,  about  six  or 
seven  feet  long,  with  all  your  force, 
^hich  he  does  his  utmost  to  avoid, 
^y  bending  himself  close  ovet  his 
Worse's  neck.  The  riders,  as  \wl\ 
as  their  horses,  arc  wonderfully 
Irained  to  this  exercise. 

At  one  of  these  display's  of  adroit- 
ness, an  attendant  of  the  vizier, 
with  whom  he  was  playing,  threw 
his  gyritt  at  him,  which  unfortu- 
nately -struck  him  full  in  the  eye, 
Und  caused  its  total  loss.  The 
vizier,  convinced  that  the  strbkc 
v/as .unintentional,  sent  for  the  man, 
who  fearing  the  loss  of  his  head,  had 
absconded.  With  fear  and  trem- 
bHnghe  oht'ved  the  summons;  when 
he  \<'as  ordcrod  a  thousand  gold  se- 
^ns,  accompanied  With  an  in- 
junction from  the  vizier,  never 
«gain  to  appear  in  his  sight,  lest, 
heinsc  rrroinded  of  the  cause  of  his 
tiiistr^rtune,  he  might  not  at  all 
Ihhcs  be  able  to  command  his 
tbmper. 

JNotwithstanding  the  loss  of  his 
feye,  his  highnc^ss  is  a  very  good 
looking  man  of  his  age.  His  figure 
is  prepossessing,  and  a  venerable 
white  beard,  of  which  he  takes  tlie 
litinost  care,  gives  him  the  appear- 
inc5e  of  a  warrior  of  old.  The  ca- 
pout^n  f  achg  has  dinplajied,  ih  the 


pi-esent  cartipaigfi  at  le'ai!,  his  mili- 
tary qualifications,  whicli  have  ob- 
tained him  high  renown  ih  thit 
country,  but  whidi  dwindle  away 
when  put  in  competition  \tnth  tlie 
talents  of  an  European  commander. 

An  ambition  spurning  the  idea 
of  a  rival,  prodigal  generosity,  ac-» 
tivity  indefatigable,  great  penctra*' 
tioh,  a  marked  pi*edil6ction '  foi^ 
ts^trf  thing  European,  aftd  a  dc-* 
sire  to  better  the  condition  of^'trf 
one  imrriediately  about  hira,  are 
tlie  best  and  njost  proriiihent  feattircj 
in  his  character ;  but  to  his  edil-* 
cation  in  tiie  .^x*r.iglio  lie  owti  tli6 
opposite  and  dark  side  of  bis  tha-" 
racter,  profound  dissithulaU6n^  adft'- 
a  deep  spirit  of  intrigue. 

He  has  great  interest  at  Ckm^an- 
tinopLe,  deiived  from  h\i  own  aU^ 
lities,  and  from  his  iielationship  ti 
the  sultan,  one  of  whofee  sistef^  if 
his  wife.  He  is  violent  in  hishatrel 
to  tlic  person  who  has  sufficient  pe* 
netration  to  develope  his  ch^tatttti 
or  his  views  j  but  as  his  anIitHmtjf' 
increases,  he  pnts  on  a  S^iblah^ 
of  fViendship  tiiore  attracti\tt,  iw 
the  mask  of  kindness  nev^r  &U|  dfr 
till  his  enemy  is  enticed  intD  '&t 
snare. 

Still  he  is  the  bnly  -man  jtmH^ 
timong  the  Turks  who  pos^sak 
Enlarged  ideas  in  politics.  He  lias 
been  able  to  place  the  Turkish  nav^ 
on  a  footing  far  more  rtispcctabl^ 
than  when  he  was  put  at  its  htefcl) 
and  there  is  not  bne  Turltish  ioax^ 
mander,  except  himself,  \vho  bA 
disciplined  his  troops  with  any  dev 
gree  of  regularity.  He  has  rtchfr 
under  his  orders  two  very  go©d  rfe*- 
giments,  tliosc  of  Abdallah  anfl  96^ 
liman  Aga,  commanded  indeed  1^ 
Germans,  but  orbing  much  of  thtn: 
regularity  to  his  own  siipcrinlctiiiu 
twee. 

The 


754        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


'Ihc  capoutan  pacha  has  the  nt- 
most  contempt  for  the  vizier,  which 
he  does  not  endeavour  to  conceal. 
He  took  great  pains  to  keep  his 
army  separate,  and  always  wished 
that  the  prowess  of  his  troops  should 
be  compared  with  that  of  the  vizier's 
forces.  His  pride  told  him,  that  he 
could  not  lose  by  the  comparison. 

The  vivacity  of  his  mind  inclines 
him  rather  to  the  French  tlian  to 
the  Engli.sh,  and  should  he  succeed 
in  his  views  of  being  apjjointcd 
vizier^  to  which  situation  his  talents 
and  ambition  lead  him,  his  tirst  act 
would  probably  be  to  consolidate  an 
amicable  treaty  witli  France,  and 
endeavour  to  establish  a  regular  and 
well  disciplined  army  in  the  Turkish 
empire,  by  introducing  European 
officers.  He  w411  probably  succeed 
in  many  of  his  plans,  unless  conti- 
liual  fatigue,  excess  in  opium,  or 
intrigues,  cut  him  off  in  tlic  midst 
of  his  career. 

There  is  one  person  in  whom  lie 
reposes  the  utmost  coniidencc,  and 
whopi  on  z\\  occasions  he  consults* 
This  is  Isaak  Bey,  a  man  of  deep 
and  low  cunning,  who  has  been  at 
Paris,  and  is  a  complete  Frenchman. 
He  will  most  likely  succeed  his 
patron,  the  cupoutan  pacha,  in  his 
situation. 

Isaak  Bey  possesses  extremely  in- 
sinuating manners,  and  is  a  very 
abject  flatterer.  His  stay  in  France 
having  enlarged  his  ideas,  he  at- 
tempted by  his  writings  to  reform 
many  parts  of  the  Maliometan  reli- 
gicHi ',  at  which,  as  niay  well  be  sup- 
pos(id,  the  mufti  took  great  offence, 
and  got  him  proscribed.  Isaak  Bey 
saved  himself  by  fligJit,  and  took 
i^fu^ewith  his  present  master,  who 
has  granted  him  his  full  protection 
and  frieiidsliip. 

The  reis  etiendi,  or  principal  se- 


cretary of  the  empire,  is  well  k 
in  England,  when  he  wai5  .se<:: 
to  the  Turkisli  embassy.  His  Is 
ledge  of  European  manners  ar 
liteness  procured  him  the  gr 
advantages  in  the  intercourse 
our  army.  He  is  a  great  fav 
of  the  grand  vizier,  over  wh( 
has  a  powerful  ascendency, 
possesses  very  good  talents,  is 
ning,  extremely  avaricious,  anc 
posed  to  favour  the  French 
w  horn  he  has  a  great  predilect 
The  reason  of  the  cliief  o: 
of  the  Ottoman  empire,  civil  a 
as  military,  accompanying  tlie 
is,  tliat  the  Porte,  or  court,  is  a 
supposed  to  be  with  it,  and  : 
ders  of  tlie  sultan  are  deemed 
issued  by  him  firom  his  st 
Such  \^•as  the  case  in  former 
when  the  conquering  sultans 
manded  their  armies  in  persoi 


Of  the  exterior  appearance  ond 
Constitutmi  of  the  Lap/c 
tsfc.  From  Acerl'is  2 
through  Lap/mid,  ts^c. 

THE  children  of  the  Lapl 
are  remarkably  fat  and 
by,  which  appears  not  only  in 
faces,  but  other  parts  of  the 
dies.  I'his  disposition  to  it 
in  fle;-]i,  however,  is  less  pero 
as  they  grow  up.  The  I^p 
is  of  a  swarthy  and  dark  compl 
his  hair  is  black  and  shoT 
mouth  wide,  and  his  cheeli 
low,  with  a  chin  somewha 
and  pointed  :  his  eyes  are  we 
V  atery,  which  in  some  degre 
cceds  from  the  constant  snu 
endures  whilst  at  home,  in  1 
or  hut;  and  may  likewise 
tributed  to  the  snows  which, 
winter^    are  coubtantly  d^iv 


^ 


CHARACTERS. 


135 


tis  fece,  whilst  he  is  abroad  and 
engaged  in  hunting  upon  the  moun- 
tains, which  afford  him  no  object 
to  fix  upon  but  what  is  glaring  with 
whiteness. '  That  this  weakness  of 
the  eyes  proceeds  from  these  causes, 
and  .especially  the  latter,  is  highly 
probable,  from  the  circumstance 
^that  a  man  often  loses  his  sight  for 
several  days  after  his  return  from 
bunting. 
The  Laplanders  Iiare  been  reprc- 

■  sented  by  some  authors  as  being 
overgrown  with  shaggy  hair,  like 
wild    beasts.      Others  have   given 

■  them  but  one  eye:  but  lliese  are 
fables  which  those  authors  seem  to 
have  borrowed  from  Herodotus  and 
Pliny,  and  in  no  way  applicable 
•either  to  the  I^jplanders,  or  any 
race  of  people  upon  the  face  of  the 
earth.  Others  again  have  asserted, 
with  a  greater  appearance  of  trudi 
and  justice,  that  they  had  from  na- 
ture an  offensive  smell.  It  must 
indeed  be  acknowledged,  that  there 
is    a    certain    unsavoury   rankness 

'  which  attends  the  Laplander,  mori' 
than  is  commonly  found  with  (lie 
inhabitimt*  of  otlier  amntrics  :  but 
this  is  not  so  much 'To  be  imputed 
to  his  natural  temperament  as  to  his 
mode  of  lite,  dwelling  as  lie  does 
in  a  hut  or  tent,  in  the  midst  of  a 
constartt  smoke,  and  clothed  in  a 
dress  which  has  imbibed  quantities 
of  dirt,  grease,  and  train  oil. 

The  Laplanders  are  for  the  most 
part  short  in  stature,  but  tliey  pos- 
sess a  tolerable  share  of  bodily 
strength.  They  are  certainly  a 
very  hardy  race  of  people,  and  are 
able  to  imdergo  great  labour,  and 
actually  supiK)rt  themselves  under 
the  extraordinary  severity  of  their 
iclimate  with  a  '^vonderful  degree  of 
patience  and  fortitude.  In  proof  of 
lliis  our   luijssionary  meutious  the 


the  instance  of  a  woman  who  cro^s- 
ed  moiuitains  of  ice  and  snow  in  die 
month  of  December,  five  days  after 
her  delivery  of  a  child,  in  order  to 
attend    the    prayers    of    what    is 
^x)mmonly  called  churching.  •  The 
mountain  Laplanders,  and  those  of 
Uie  sea-coast,  or  the  maritime  Lap- 
landers, are  equally  objects  of  ad- 
miration in  tliis  respect,  that  thcj 
are  able  tobi-eathe  amidst  the  suf- 
focating smoke  of  tlieir  tents  and 
iiuts,    when   the  only  aperture  bf 
which  the  smoke  can  pass  is  clascd 
in  order  to  keep  out  thewcatiierj 
and  as  it  has  been  observed  that  the 
J^planders  are  by  nature  and  frotn 
habit  able  to  endure  gi-eat  hardships, 
and   sustain  excessive  Jabour  witi 
patience,  so  it  has  been  long  since 
remarked,  that    the*  most  simple 
medicaments,  which  nre  elscwheie 
l)ut  little  esteemed,  ha\-e  suffinent 
effioacy  to  restore  them  to  healdi, 
unless  their  disorders  m-e  of  a  veiy 
violent  n,iture.     This  tnith  is  esta- 
blislicd    by  long   exi>erienre,    ani 
secerns  as  if  Providence,  in  compen- 
sation for  their  inability  to  procure 
extraordinary   assistance,  permitted 
the  same  effects  to  be  produced  bf 
the  most  common  means.     Tlier 
set  a  high  value  on  spices,  and  no 
present    is   more    acceptable    to  n 
Laplander,  than  that  which  eidier 
consists  of  tobacco,  pepper,  ginger, 
and  the  like,   let  the  quantity   be 
ever  so  small. 

1'hey  possess  a  degree  of  agility 
which  is  really  wonderfuU  and  their 
bodies  aw  supple  and  pliant  beyond 
concqHion.  It  is  surprhiing  what 
a  numl^er  of  them  arc  able  to  stow 
themselves  within  a  space  which  wc 
should  not  imagine  would  hold  one 
half",  or  even  one  third  of  tlut 
quantity.  They  >^ill  sit  in  the 
closest    contact    with  each  other, 

their 


7;:«         ANNUAL    RLGISTER,  1502. 


tl.tir  brcl.c5  support'. d  l>y  tlwir 
L*".i=,  or  lli*ir  (iit.rr  ^vL■it^l:t  btrar- 
iijfij  up^-»ii  the  t**)'-.-^.  1*lu;  Aniorirnn 
Iiuiiai:?,  or  s.ivaj;«;s  :is  tjicv  arc 
I*  riii(  rt,  i:-c  ijj'j  ^amc  posturt',  and 
tlif!  iiig'-nious  histoiind  painter, 
who  has  rcprcsciiUxl  the  treaty  of 
til'- gnat  rciiii  \cl{li  the  Indians  at 
iht;  settlement  of  tliat  flourishing 
colony  'U'hidi  now  Ik  ars  Iiis  name, 
has  not  omitted  to  cmbt'llish  his 
picture  \\  i til  the  figure  of  an  Indian 
in  this  extraordinary  attitude. 

I'he  Laplanders  descend  the  steep 
sides  of  a  mountain,  \^-hen  covered 
vrith  snow  and  ice,  with  incredible 
velocity.  They  make  use  of  a  par- 
ticular kind  of  snow  slioe,  differing 
gntatly  from  that  which  bears  tlie 
£>ame  name  in  the  northern  parts  of 
America :  it  is  a  piece  of  vood  of 
sotne  length,  curved  before,  and 
turning  upwards  behind,  to  the  mid- 
dle of  which  the  foot  is  fastened^ 
and  wheveas  the  snow  sJioe  is  calcu- 
lated for  security  to  prevent  a  man 
from  sinking  into  iJie  snow ;  this 
yooden  siioe  or  ^kate,  called  in  t!ic 
JDanish  tongue  skie,  answers  the 
purpose  both  of  seairity  and  expedi- 
tion. According^  the  Laplander 
(lides  along  witii  .luch  great  swift- 
tiess,  that  the  air  w}\istlos  in  his 
nrs,  and  l.iii  Lairbccomcs  e rectwith 
the  motion  j  .'«id  yet  so  dextcjous 
is  he  in  tlu-  nianagemcnt  of  his  body, 
that  bt  Ijiiv  impulse  ever  so  violent, 
he  can  take  u])  his  caj),if  he  chancer 
to  let  it  fall,  or  any  thing  else  that 
liappens  to  lie  in  his  way,  without 
■•;topi)ing  his  cour.sc.  The  children, 
as  soon  as  tliey  are  able  lo  walk, 
climb  up  the  sides  of  the  mountains, 
and  exercise  themselves  in  tlie  \x»i 
of  these  skates. 

When  they  travel  with  their  rein- 
deer^ the  ccitrity  of  llidr  |n;ce  cbn 


^nlv  be  conceived  wh^n  seen 

m 

dri\e  wiih  ecjual  expedition 
top  of  mountains  and  down 
insonuich,  that  the  vibration 
reins  u[on  tin;  tracks  of  tb 
deer  is  scarcely  perceptible 
eye.  The  Laplanders  on  th 
are  exetfedinclv  skilful  ia  th 
nacrement  ot  their  boats.  On 
missionar}'  suppo«;s  this  ext 
nar}'  agility  of  the  Laplanc 
pnx;eed  in  a  great  measure  fr 
tiain-oil,  which  from  theii 
constitutes  a  principal  part  o 
food.  But  the  fact  is,  thai 
their  infancy  tliey  are  practi 
feats  of  acti\  ity  and  bodily  e» 
they  learn  to  ascend  tlie  mou 
to  carry  heavy  loads  of  timl 
hunt  the  wild,  and  to  fol]< 
tame  rein-deer  for  considiT^ 
tances.  In  this  manner  th< 
l)ecomc  inured  to  suffering 
degree  of  heat  and  cold  with  pii 
It  is  chiefly  by  the  exercise  ol 
ing  that  they  arc  rendered  s 
foot,  and  their  agility  isfavoi 
the  smallness  of  their  stature. 
are  content  with  little,  anc 
minds  incapable  of  being  a 
by  those  pasal^oiis  Avhich  prcj 
and  destroy  the  bodies  of 
part  of  mankhid.  llicy  tUveip  i 
on  botli  sides,  and  do  not  act 
themselves  to  retire  to  re 
twixt  two  featlier-lxjds,  as 
more  civilized  neighbours  do. 
avocations  do  iK)t  disturb  the 
flow  of  their  animal  spirit,  nor  < 
weaken  the  body  by  the  labi 
the  mind :  it  must  of  necess 
low,  that  tiiey  art  strong,  h 
and  active. 

Seme  of  tiie  Laplanders  a 
rxpf  rt  in  carving  in  wood  a 
tliongh  they  u&e  no  other  to 
a  common  knife  5  with  tbi 


CHARACTERS. 


737 


make  many  little  utensils,  such  as 
cups,  spoons,  &c.  Their  sledges 
are  of  their  own  construction,  and 
so  artificially  put  together,  tliat  not 
a  drop  of  wet  can  penetrate  thciu. 
The  wonien  are  very  skilful  in  or- 
namenting berlts  with  tinsel  wire, 
and  some  of  tlicni,  like  the  men, 
excel  in  carving  upon  wood  or 
horn.  These  people  are  very  dex- 
terous in  the  pursuits  of  the  chase. 
Their  only  weapons  were  formerly 
bows  and  arrows  3  but  they  now 
make  use  of  fire-arms,  and  are  be- 
come good  marksmen. 

Tlie  missionary  records,  as  a 
principal  virtue  of  tiie  natives  of 
I^pland,  their  ^reat  attention  to  the 
duties  of  religion,  and  their  serious 
devotion  when  assembled  at  divine 
service.  He  speaks  of  the  patience' 
with  which  tliey  sit  bareheackd  in 
the  severest  frosts,  for  three  hours 
together,  to  hear  the  word  of  God 
delivered  to  them  under  tents,  which 
are  by  no  means  sufTiciently  se- 
cured against  the  current  of  an  ex- 
treme cold  air.  It  appears,  that 
at  the.conimcncrnient,  and  durino: 
the  earlier  part  of  the  last  century, 
the  Laplanders  were  immersed  in 
the  darkness  of  Paganism,  and  with- 
out the  least  tincture  of  letters.  It 
was  FredtM'ick  the  Fourth,  king  of 
Denmark,  \\ho  ascended  tlie  throne 
in  l6\C),  that  tirst  begun  to  intro- 
duce the  light  ot  the  gospel  amongst 
tliem.  For  this  purpo.-ic  he  esta- 
blished a  religious  uiission,  which 
has  been  coniiiined  by  his  son, 
Christian  the  S..v!h,  Frederick  the 
Fifth,  his  grandson,  and  Ciiristian 
t!ip  Seven ih,  tlir.  prrst-.nt  sovereign, 
his  great  grand.-on.  Ihcy  are  now, 
as  Mr.  Lean'^'  tcils  us,  well  instructed 
in  the  Chi'i.-/i.i;in  rvlif^ion,  and  have 


the  New  T^stamept  in  tlleir  own 
tongue.  The  missionary  mention^ 
with  rqpturc  die  names  of  some- 
Laplanders  who  could  repeat  by 
rote  the  whole  Catechism,  and  large 
portions  of  the  Gbspel,  with  a  part 
of  the  Psalms,  both  in  the  Lapland 
and  Danish  tongues  >  particularly  a 
venerable  old  man  of  seventy  years  ^ 
of  age,  who  was  able  to  recite  a' 
great  part  of  the  Catechisna,  though 
he  never  knew  a  letter  in  his  life, 
nor  had  ever  committed  any  thing 
to  memory  before.  This  instance 
of  the  power  of  memory  does  not 
appear  at  all  incredible.  The 
Arabs,  and  other  pastoral,  tribes^ 
who  are  in  the  habit  pf  amusing 
their  leisure  by  telling  .and  listen- 
ing to  tales,  will  .remember  them 
though  verj^  long,  ,  ^d  rehearse 
tlicm  widi  great  hdelity,  after  .one 
Jiearing.  It  is  conj<?ctqred,  by  Jur 
lius  Caesar,  that .  one  of  die  chief 
reasons  why  the  ancient  Druids  did 
not  commit  their  instruction^  .  to 
writing  was>  that  their  pupils. might 
impress  them  better  on  their  me- 
mories. It  was  the  opinion  of  Sor 
Orates,  as  appeals  from  ^le  Phapdo 
of  Plato,  tliat  knowledge  waB  moxc 
eiisily  gained,  and  longer  retained^ 
.when  ddivered  by  word Vf  moath 
than  when  con^Bunicated  in  writ^ 
.in|;.  It  would;  seem  that  tjie  ear 
is  less  distiacted  thaji  the  eye  j  that 
the.  intensencss  of  the  niind  is  greats 
in  hearing  than  seeing.  Tlie  misr 
sionary  adds  his  fervent  wish,  that 
his  fellow-labourers  in  tliis  vineyard 
pf  divine  truth, ^woulfj. qualify ^emr 
sx^l\  es  fur  life  w^k>  by  aqguir.iiig  a 
thorpii^  knoiu.'}|(dga  of  the  Lapland 
touguc,  ';So  as  tpj>rcach  and  pray.ia 
it  to,  t,!^  Laplaj^crs,  as  not'inaajr 
of  the  men  have  ^  knowledge  ol* 


Vol.  XL!\\ 


*  The  missicnarj.    ^ 

3B 


the 


738        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 

the  Danish  language,  further  than  tliey  can  do  it  without  danger  of 
the  use  of  a  few  words  and  phrases,  detection.  The  skins  of  the  rein- 
which  occur  in  the  course  of  traf-  deer  are  more  or  less  valuable,  ac- 
fick ',  and  of  tJie  women  not  one  is  cording  to  tlie  season  in  which  they 
the  least  acquainted  with  it.  are  killed.     If  the  animal  be  slain 

The  Laplanders  hold  the  mis-  in  tlie  spring,  his  hide  is  found 
sionaries  sent  amongst  them  in  the  perforated  by  an  insect  which  buries 
greatest  esteem,  and  show  them  itself  in  it,  and  lays  there  its  eggs  j 
much  respect.  They  salute  them  but  it  is  odiervvise  with  the  rein- 
ivith  great  reverence  when  they  deer  killed  in  the  winter.  To  dc- 
ineet  them,  and  gire  them  prece-  fraud  the  purchaser  by  trying  to 
dence  upon  all  occasions.  They  obtain  the  same  price  for  a  defecti>*c 
make  them  frequent  presents  of  skin  as  for  a  perfect  one,  the  Lap- 
what  arc  reckoned  in  Lapland  pe-  lander  artfully  closes  up  the  holes 
culiar  dainties,  such  as  frozen  rein-  in  the  skin  5  and,  in  order  to  im- 
deer's  milk,  with  the  tongue  and  pose  upon  the  credulous  trader, 
marrow  of  that  animal.  They  are  will  not  scruple  to  warrant  it  free 
very  attentive  to  keeping  holy  from  defect,  and  asserts  that  the 
the  sabbath-day  ;  (hey  abstain  from  beast  was  killed  in  autumn ;  though 
cursing  and  swearing,  which  are  he  well  knows  tlie  case  to  be  quite 
common  vices  among  tlie  inhabit-  the  reverse  5  that  the  skin  is  fuH 
ants  of  Norway,  and  they  lead  a  of  iioles,  and  the  deer  was  killed 
religious  and  moral  life.     Wliore-    in  spring,  or  in  the  worst  season. 

dom  and  adultery  are  sins  rarely        - 

committed :  and  the  crime  of  theft        '" 

is  little  or  not  at  all  known  amongst    Account  of  the  Maftner  of  contract- 
them  5    so  that  locks  or  bolts,  for        i„g  of  Marriages,  and  Method  of 
the  security  of  property  in  Lapland,         Bathing,  used  ly  the  Fvns,     From 
nrc  entirely  unnecessary.    Norway        Acerbies  Travels  in  Sweden,  Fin- 
swarms  with  beggars,  but  begging        land,  ^c. 
is    unknown    amongst    the    Lap- 
landers.   If  any  one,  from  age  or    "^JOTHING  could  be  more  cu- 
infirmity,  should  chance  to  be  in     XN    rious  than  to  describe  the  odd 
want,  he  finds  his  necessities  amply    and  ^ntastic  customs  of  the  nortbent 
and   instantly    supplied,    and  cna-    nations,  and  the  gross  indelicacies 
rity  appears  unsolicited  witli  open    practised  among  them  on  certain 
hands.     I'he  missionary,  however,    occasions:  but  I  shall  confine  my 
admits,  that  the  Laplanders  are  not    remarks  to  tlieir  marriages  and  thdr 
entirely    exempt  from  those  vices    baths.     The  peasants  of  the  pro- 
which   ever   prevail  more  or  less    vince  of  Savolaxa,  in  Fmland,  ha^'e 
timongst  mankind  in  a  state  of  so-    a  very  singular  mode  of  making 
ciety.  They  cannot  reiiist  the  temp-    love.     When  a  young  man  feels  an 
tation  of  ebriety,  and  yield  to  the    attachment  for  a  young  woman,  he 
allurements  of  avarice,     lliey  will    commissions  some  a^td  dame   to 
get  drunk,  like  the  men  of  other    acquaint  the  object  of  his  love  with 
countries,  when  strong  liquor  comes    his  passion,  and  at  the  same  time 
in   their  way  j    and  cannot  avoid    he  sends  her  some  presents.     The 
cheating,  like  other  dealers^  when    old  woman  chgoses^  as  the  proper 

moment 


CHARACTERS.  7S9 

mdment  for  executing  her  commis-*  not  only  endowed  with  a  natural 
Bion>  that,  when  the  girl  is  pre-*  talent  for  speaking;  but  is  also  an 
paring  to  go  to  rest.  While  she  is  imprwisaUre ;  for  he  is  expected 
putting  off  her  clothes,  the  woman  to  make  extempore  verses  suit- 
takes  an  opportunity  of  getting  in-  able  to  the  occasion,  or  any  in- 
to her  presence,  and  bestowing  cidental  circumstances:  but  the 
many  praises  upon  the  lover.  When  most  curious  and  interesting  cere- 
the  girl  has  heard  all  she  has  to  say,  mony  of  all,  is  that  which  takes 
the  dame  slips  some  present,  per-  place  on  the  day  after  the  marriage, 
haps  a  handkerchief,  or  ribband.  All  the  guests  being  assembled,  ^ 
or  sonie  piece  of  money,  into  her  on  the  day  of  the  ceremony,  the 
bosom.  If  the  girl  does  not  wish  new  married  man  is  obliged  to  de- 
to  have  any  correspondence  with  clare,  whether  or  no  he  found  his 
her  admirer,  she  gives  back  the  bride  a  virgin.  If  he  answers  in 
present  to  the  mediatrix,  who  im-  the  affirmative,  the  orator,  cither  in 
mediately  conveys  the  unpleasing  prose  or  verse,  celebrates  the  hap- 
intelligence  to  her  employer.  It  is  piness  of  the  young  couple  on  the 
to  be  observed,  however,  that  tliis  preceding  night,  and  drinks  to  their 
first  refusal  of  the  presents  is  not  health  out  of  a  clean,  well  scoured, 
deemed  a  decisive  proof  of  dislike,  and  bright  cup.  If  in  the  nega- 
The  lover  does  not  yet  despair  of  tive,  there  is  on  the  table  a  dirty 
softening  tlie  heart  of  his  mistress:  and  mean  vessel,  out  of  which  he 
by  a  repetition  of  his  attempts  he  is  obliged  to  drink.  In  the  bottom 
may  still  hope  to  accomplish  his  of  this  utensil  is  a  hole,  out  of 
object.  The  positive  mark  of  an  which  the  liquor  runs,  and  is  spilt 
invincible  disapprobation  and  re-  on  the  ground  at  one  »end,  whilst 
jection,  and  after  which  tliere  is  it  is  emptied  by  the  orator  at  the 
no  longer  any  further  use  in  nego-  other.  He  after  this  makes  some 
tiation,  or  room  for  hope,  is,  when  remarks,  and  gives  some  counsel  of 
the  young  woman,  instead  of  giving  no  very  pleasing  nature,  to  the  bride. 
the  box,  containing  the  present,  back  When  the  orator  has  finished  bis 
to  tlie  ambassadress  witii  her  hands,  harangue,  in  either  of  these  cases, 
she  unlooses  the  cincture  that  keeps  he  takes  up  a  pair  of  the  bride- 
her  dress  close  to  her  waist,  and  groom's  breeches,  which  are  at 
lets  it  fall  between  her  breast  and  hand  for  the  purpose,  and  thtmips 
her  shift  down  to  tlie  ground.  But  the  bride  with  them  histily  (but  not 
if,  on  the  contrary,  she  retains  the  on  her  head  or  the  upper  part 
present,  tlien  the  young  people  con-  of  her  body),  saying,  at  the  same 
sidcr  themselves  as  engaged  to  each  time,  **  Be  fruitful,  woman,  and 
otiier,  and  notliing  but  the  mar-  don't  fail  of  producing  heirs  to  yoiir 
riage  ceremony  is  wanting  in  order  husband!" 

to   constitute    them   husband   and        It  is  a  general  observation,  and 

wife.  which    admits    of   no    exception. 

On  the  wedding-day,  some  pea-  that  in  proportion  as  tribes  or  so- 

sant  among  their  neighbours,  with  cieties  of  nien  are  rude  and  simple 

the  title  of  speaker,  or  orator,  does  in  their  manners,  they  are  indeli- 

the  honours  of   the    feast.      This  cate  on  the  subject  of  that  passion 

orator  is  generally  a  person  who  is-  which  unites  the  sexes.    That  jftii- 

3  B  2  dor 


740        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


dor  rhm  rvs  vvnereas,  \\h\v\\  Gro- 
tius  lukl  to  be  a  universal  sentiment, 
and  rharaetrri-iiir  of  the  human 
s}x.rics.  in  (.)taheite  has  nt)  exist- 
ence. Tht  re  was  a  eu^tom  whieli 
rrc\  ailed  not  a  cenlurv  ai; )  in  some 
parts  of  Scotland,  and  which,  ac- 
tordiui;  lo  tradition,  was  on<'e  2;e- 
rcral,  aluiost  as  gross  as  that  of 
lh{^  Inilanders.  On  the  day  after 
the  weddinjT  when  the  marriacje 
ffast  was  coulinued,  as  in  Finland, 
it  was  customary  for  tlie  bride- 
groom, cref'ping  on  all  fours,  to  re- 
ceive CM!  his  back  a  large  panniw 
iull  of  stones,  which  he  was  obliged 
to  earrv  until  the  bride,  in  token 
that  she  was  no  longer  a  maiden, 
rame  and  relieved  him  of  the  heavy 
load,  by  throwing  the  pannier  on 
llic  ground. 

In  one  parish  in  Finland  (one  of 
these  parishes,  it  is  to  beobsen-ed, 
is  equrd  in  extent  to  a  wliole  pro- 
vince of  mo.st  otlier  countries),  it  is 
the  custom  for  young  women  to 
wear,  suspended  at  their  girdles, 
Ihe  case  or  sheath  of  a  knife^  as  a 
sign  that  they  are  unmarried,  and 
would  have  no  objection  to  a  hus- 
]>and.  When  a  vouns^  man  be- 
comes  enamoured  witii  any  of  those 
damsels,  liis  manner  of  courting  her 
is,  to  pureh-isc,  or  weaus(i  to  be 
made,  a  knife  in  tiie  exact  form  of 
the  sheath,  and  to  take  an  oppor- 
tunity of  slipping  it  into  tlie  sheath 
.slily,  without  the  girl's  ]:)ercei\hig 
it.  If  the  girl,  on  linding  the  knite 
in  the  sheatli,  keep  it,  it  is  a  fa- 
vourable symptom  ;  if  not,  it  is  a 
refiisal. 

In  the  parish  of  Kenir,  before  tlie 
day  appointed  or  proposed  for  tlie 
marriage  ceremony,  tlie  young  peo- 
ple sleep  togetlicr  for  a  whole  week, 
but  without  quite  undressing ;  and 
this  is  called,  tlio  week  of  the  brce* 


ihcs.  It  will,  no  doubt,  be  imme« 
diately  recollected  by  my  itadefs^ 
that  til  is  is  an  exact  counterpart  to 
tlie  bundling  of  the  Anglo- Ame-" 
rieans.  If,  in  consequence  of  tlie 
familiarities  that  pass  durhig  the 
*f  Y:&uk  of  tlie  breeches,"  their  lovr 
be  strengthened,  tliey  marry  3  but  if^ 
on  the  otiicr  hand,  their  mutual 
allectious  be  lessened,  the  marriage 
does  not  take  place. 

Anotlier  particular  tliat  appeared 
\iiry  singular  among  the  customs  of 
the  Fins,  wns  then:  baths,  and  man- 
ner of  batliing.  Almost  all  the 
Finnish  peasants  have  a  small  house 
built  on  purpose  for  a  bath:  it  con- 
-sists  of  only  one  small  cliaihber,  in 
the  inntTmost  part  of  which  are 
placed  a  number  of  stories,  whick 
are  heated  by  fire  till  tljey  become 
reil.  On  these  stones,  thus  heated, 
water  is  thrown,  until  the  company 
within  be  involved  in  a  thick' doud 
of  vapoatr.  In  this  innermost  parfc^ 
the  chamber  is  formed  into  two 
stories  tor  tlie  accommodatiou  of  a 
greater  number  of  ]^)ersons  withia 
that  small  compass  5  and  it  being 
the  nature  of  heat  and  vapour  to 
ascend,  the  second  story  is,  of 
course,  tlie  hottest.  Men  and  wo- 
men use  tlie  bath  promiscuously, 
without  any  conccahiient  of  dre^, 
or  being  in  the  least  influenced  by 
:iny  emotions  of  attaclmient.  U, 
however,  a  stranger  open  tlie  door, 
and  come  on  the  bathers  by  sur- 
prise, the  women  are  not  a  litcfe 
startled  at  his  appearance ;  for,  be- 
sides his  person,  he  introduces 
along  witli  him,  by  opening-  the 
door,  a  great  quantity  of  lights 
which  discovers  at  once  to  tlie  view 
tlieir  situation,  as  well  as  tbmu. 
Without  such  an  accident  they  re- 
main, if  not  in  total  darkness,  yet 
in  great  obscurity,  as  thece  is  oo 

wixulow 


CHARACTERS. 


741 


window  besides   a  sroall  hole,  nor 
any  light  but  what  enters  in  from 
some  chink  in  the  roof  of  thehod^e, 
or  the  crevices  between  tlie  pieces 
of  wood  of  which  it  is  constructed. 
I  often  amused   myself  with  sur- 
prising the  bathers  in  this  manner, 
and  I  Mice  or  twice  tried  to  go  in 
and  join    the    assembly  -,    but  the 
heat  was   so  excessive  that  I  could 
not  breathe,  and  in  tiie  space  of  a 
minute   at  most,  I  verily   believe, 
must  have  been  sullocated.  I  some- 
times  stepped  in    for    a  moment, 
just  to  leav^e  my   thermometer   in 
-  some  proper  place,  and  immediately 
went  out  again,  where  I  ^vould  re- 
main for  ten  minutes,  or  a  quarter 
of  an  hour,  and  then  enter  again, 
and  fetch  the  instrument  to  ascer- 
tain tiie  degree  of  heat.     My  asto- 
nishment was  so  great  tliat  I  could 
scarcely  believe  my  senses,  when  I 
found  tliat  those  people  remain  to- 
gether, and  amuse  themselves,  for 
the    space    of  half  an    hour,  and 
sometimes   a  whole   hour,    in   the 
same  chamber,  heated  to  the  7^th 
or  75th   degree   of  Celsius.      The 
thermometer,  in  contact  with  those 
vapours,  became  sometimes  so  hot, 
that  1  could  scarcely  hold  it  in  my 
hands. 

The  Finlanders,  all  the  while  they 
are  in  this  hot  bath,  continue  to  mb 
themselves,  and  lash  every  part  of 
their  bodies  with  switches  formed 
of  twigs  of  the  birch-tree.  In  ten 
minutes  they  become  as  red  as  raw 
flesh,  and  have  altogetlier  a  very 
frightful  appearance.  In  die  winter 
season  they  frequently  go  out  of  the 
bath,  naked  as  they  are,  to  roll 
themselves,  in  the  snow,  when  the 
cold  is  at  twenty  and  even  tliirty 
degrees  below  zero*.     They  will 


sometimes  come  out,  still  naked, 
and  converse  togetlier,  or  with  any 
one  near  them,  in  tlie  open  air. 
If  travellers  happen  to  pass  by 
while  tlie  peasants  of  ^ny  hamlet,  or 
little  village,  are  in  the  batli,  and 
their  assistance  is  needed,  they  will 
leave  the  batli,  and  assist  in  yoking 
or  unyoking,  and  fetching  proven- 
der for  the  horses,  or  in  any  thing 
else,  without  any  sort  of  covering, 
whatever,  v^liile  the  passengers  sit, 
shivering  with  cold,  though  wrapped 
up  in  a  gojod  sound  wolf'^  skin.. 
There  is  nothing  more  wonderful 
than  the  extremities  which  man 
is  capable  of  enduring  through  the 
power  of  habit. 

The  Finnish  peasants  pass  thus* 
instantaneously  from  a^i  atmosphere 
of  seventy  degrees  of  heat,  to  one 
of  thirty  degrees  of  cold,  a  transi- 
tion of  one  hundred  degrees,  which 
is  Uie.same  thing  as  going  out  of 
boiling  into  freezing  water  I  and 
what  is  more  astonishing,  without 
the  least  inconvenience  3  while  otiier 
j)cople  are  very  sensibly  aflx^cted  by 
a  variation  of  but  five  degi*ees,  and 
in  danger  of  being  afflicted  witli 
rheumatism  by  the  most  trifling 
wind  that  blows.  Those  peasants 
assure  you,  that  without  the  hot 
vapour  baths. they  could  not  sustain 
as,  they  do,  during  the  whole  day, 
their  various  labours.  By  the  bath, 
they  tell  you,  their  strengtli  is  re- 
united as  much  as  by  rest  and  sleep. 
The  heat  of  the  vapour  mollifies  to 
such  a  degree  dieir  skiii,  that  the 
men  easily  shave  themselves  with 
wretched  razors,  and  without  soap. 
Had  Shakespeare  known  of  a  people 
who  could  thus  have  pleasure  in  such 
quick  transition  from  excessive  heat 
to  the  severest  cold,  his  knowledge  * 


*  I  speak  always  of  the  thermometer  of  a  hundred  degrees,  by  Cclsiuf. 

3fi3 


might 


742 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 


might  have  been  increased,  but  his 
creative  fancy  could  not  have  been 
assisted : — 

Oh !  who  can  hold  a  fire  in  his  hand. 
By  thinking  of  the  frosty  Caucasus? 
Or  wallow  naked  in  December  snow. 
By  thinking  op  fantastic  summer's  heat? 


Manners  and  Characters  nf  the  dif- 
ferent Jnhahitants  of  Egifpt,  From 
JVaUlCs  History   of    the    Cam- 
paign, 45*c. 

EGYPT  is  inhabited  by  several 
races  ef  people,  all  diftt-r- 
\n^  gi'eatly  in  their  mnnners,  cus- 
toms, and  religion.  Of  these  the 
tirst  are  th6  Mamalukes,  \^'ho, 
though  they  constitute  but  a  very 
inconsiderable  part  of  the  population, 
arc  the  nilers  and  proprietors  of  the 
country,  and  on  them  all  the  rest 
are  more  or  less  dependeot. 

Next  are  the  Bedoween  Arabs, 
constant  wanderers  in  tlie  desert, 
never  inhabiting  tlie  same  place  for 
any  length  of  time,  and  living  by 
continual  pillage  and  warfare. 

They  form  no  general  community 
among  themselvc\s,  each  tribe  hav- 
ing its  own  cheik  or  chief,  to  whom 
the  greatest  deference  and  the  strict- 
est obedience  are  paid.  From  tliese 
numerous  petty  societies,  and  their 
divided  interests,  arise  never-ending 


secure  of  meeting  with  safety  and 
protection.  They  are  however 
falsQ,  dissembling,  revengeful,  and 
cunning  J  and,  though  actually 
brave,  will  not  scruple,  in  a  das-» 
tardly  manner,  to  assassinate  their 
enemy. 

The  Bedoweens  are  all  furnished 
with  horses,  capable  of  undergoing 
the  greatest  fatigue  in  their  excur- 
sions over  the  deserts,  during  which 
their  food  is  very  scanty,  and  water, 
always  scarce,  is  sometimes  not  to 
be  found.  Their  dress  is  very  light, 
consisting  of  nothing  more  than  a 
loose  frock  and  a  turban ;  their 
weapons   are   a  long   gun  and    a 

dagger. 

The  third  class  are  the  Fellahs, 
who  are  the  farmers  and  husbands 
men  of  the  country.     They  inhabit 
the  villages,  and  cultivate  the  lands, 
all  of  which  are  the  property  of  the 
Mamalukes,  by  whom  these  people 
are  kept  in  the  most  abject  slavery. 
When  a  Fellali   has  succeeded  in 
amassing  a  small  sum,  by  dint  of 
economy  and  hard  labour,  he  dares 
not  make  use  of  it,  and  is  afraid  to 
let  it  appear  by  any  improvement 
in  his  lands  or  way  of  living,  as  it 
would  most  undoubtedly  expose  him 
to  the  extortions  and  pillage  of  his 
proprietor,  or  endanger  his  life  hf 
the    rapacity    of    his    neighbouiSt 
Hence  it  follows,  th^t,  when  this 
is  the  case,  the  money*  is  buried 


quarrels  and  dissensions.  Hospi- 
tality is  among  them  a  duty,  of  under  ground,  and  the  wTctched 
which  tliey  are  most  sacred  obr  Pellah,  like  the  miser  of  more  ci-? 
sciTers;  and  an  Arab  in  danger 
from  any  other  persons,  will  not 
hesitate  to  throw  himself  into  the 
power    of   his    professed    enem)'. 


vilized  countries,  has  no  other  satis- 
Faction  but  that  of  knowing  where 
his  riches  are  concealed. 
At  his  d'jccase,  the  secret  comv 


*  The  current  coins  in  Egypt  are  those  of  Turkey,  and  Spanish  dollars,  ftt  the  n|V 
oioxit  hundred  and  fifty  pztrats  to  the  dollar.  The  ignorance  of  the  people  in  the  Turkish 
dominions  in  general  is  so  ^reat,  that  it  is  with  the  utmost  difficulty  they  can  be  pre- 
7&:kd  onto  receive  in  payment  any  European  coin,  either  of  gold  or  silvcir,  cxcq)t  tljq 
Spanish  dollar,  and  its  subdivisions }  4nd  these  only  whep  stamped  with  the  tWQ 
pili-ifs, 

Wonljr 


CHARACTERS. 


74^ 


nionlj  dies  with  hitp,  and  the  mo- 
ney is  lost.  Thus  considerable  sums 
disappear,  and  never  again  return 
jpto  circulation. 

The  tyrannical  proprie|:ors  of  the 
lands  and  villages  exact  the  greater 
part  ot  the  produce,  and  by  repeat- 
e;d  jmpositions,  contributions,  &c. 
often  oblige  tlie  Fellahs  to  abandon 
tlieir  houses,  and  take  refuge  among 
the  inhabitants  of  the  desert. 

Numerous  villages,  totally  de- 
serted, are  seen  all  over  Egypt ; 
sad  examples  of  these  vexations. 
The  rest  of  the  villages  are  striking 
pictures  of  the  misery  of  their  in- 
habitants,. The  houses  are  the  most 
WTetched  mud  hovels  possible  to  be 
conceived,\vitliout  windows  and  with 
scarcely  a  door.  Most  of  them  are 
built  upon  eminences,  to  secure 
them  from  the  overflowing  of  the 
'Nile ',  and  many  are  enclosed  by  a 
mud  wall,  flanked  with  small  tow- 
ers, to  defend  them  from  the  pre- 
datoiy  excursions  of  the  Bedoween 
Arabs.  These  form  citadels,  into 
which  they  retire  with  their  cattle 
and  all  their  goods  5  and  in  them 
tt^ey  are  as  secure  from  the  enemy 
they  dread,  as  in  the  most  impreg-r 
nable  fc 'tress. 

Few  of  the  villages  are  without  a^ 
public  school,  where  the  children 
are  instructed  in  reading  the  Koran. 
This  is  the  only  book  they  have,  and 
as  the  art  of  printing  is  sparce^y 
known  in  tlie  Turkish  dominions^ 
tlieir  copies  are  ahyays  manuscripts. 

The  last  are  the  Cqphts,  or  Chris- 
-tlan  inhabitants  of  Egypt,  who  are 
of  the  Grt^ek  cdmniunion.  The 
Cophtic  patriarch  is.  the  head  of  tlie 
church  of  Abvssinia,  whither  he 
sends  a  bishops  as  his  deputy,  to 
govern  the  clergy  of  that  country. 

Great  numbers  of  the  Cophts  in- 
habit tiie.  towns,  where,  ongccqunt 


of  their  possessing  superior  kpow* 
ledge  to  any  other  cla$s«  though  th|b 
sphere  of  their  acquirements  is  very 
confined,  they  are  employed  as 
agents  by  tjie  .chiefs  and  principal 
people  of  the  country. 

In  Uj^er  Egypt,  wherp  they  ar^ 
very  numerous,  they  inhabit  the 
villages,  and  cultivate  lands,  in  thf 
same  manner  as  the  Fellahs  in  Lower 
Egypt. 

Beside  these  four  classes,  which 
constitute  the  chief  population  oi 
tlie  country,  there  are  several  others, 
as  Ttnks,  Greeks,  Jews,  &c.  that 
are  settled  in  the  towns,  and  follow 
different  employments. 

The  number  of  inhabitants  of  all 
descriptions,  though  po  exact  enu* 
rneration  has  ever  been  "hjade,  por 
indeed  jis  any  thing  like  it  practi- 
cable, is  generally  estimated  at  about 
three  millions. 


Some  Particulars  of  the  Life  and 
JFritings  of 'the  learned  James 
Harris.  From  Lord  Malmesbury^s 
Publication  of  his  ff^rh, 

FJpQM  tl^is  nanatiye  we  Jeam, 
tha^  Mr.  Harris  was  the  eldest 
sqn  of  Janjes  Harris,  esq.  of  the 
Close  of  Salisbury,  by  Ips  sec6n4 
wife,  the  l^dy  Elizfil^tli  Ashley, 
who  was  th^  third  daughter  of  An* 
tliony,  earl  of  Shaftesbury,  and  sister 
to  the  celebrated  author  of  the  Cha- 
racteristics, as  well  as  to  the  honour^ 
able  Maurice  Ashley  Cooper,  the 
elegant  tran§l^tor  of  ])?enophon> 
Cycopaediai  th^t  he  V^  born 
July  2p,  17'iQ',  and  ^hat  he  re-r 
ceived  the  early  part  of  his  educa* 
tion  under  the  reverend  Mr,  Hill, 
master  of  the  grampaar  school  a( 
Salisbury,  "  who  was  long  knowx^ 
^nd  respected  in  the  west  qf  Enig* 
3^4  J«n4 


V 


744  ANNUAL    REGISTER,    18Q2. 


land  as  nn  instructor  cjf  youth.'*     At 
sdiool,  Mr.  Harris  rcmainctl  till  \hc 
;ige  of  sixteen  j  he  wa.-.  then  entered 
as  a  g(*ntlenian  eoniinoucr  al  Wnd- 
ha.:    college,  Oxford;    and  having 
compieted  his   academical    studies, 
his  lather  removed  him  to  Lincoln's 
inn,  *'  not  i  in  ending  him  for  the 
bar,  bin,  ns   was    [hrn  a  common 
praet'''e,  me;ining  to  n^.aki:  the  study 
of  Lii'^  law  a  part  of  hi;>  (duc.ui(jn.'* 
When  he  had  attained  hi>>  Iv/i-nty- 
fonrrh  year,  he  had  the  niisfortunc 
of  losiii';  his  fithcr:  but  tiiis  event, 
by    nirikin;i  him  independent,    en- 
abled him  {o  engage  in  those  pur- 
.suits    :  U''    i(^  adopt   that   mode  of 
life  xshich  was  b'*st    suitea  to  his 
iiKT'natior..       ''  The  stronsj  and  de- 
♦  ''!e  I  b.nt  of  his  mind,"  observes 
'./id  !>1.  "  had  always  been  towards 
th(  Cj reek  and  Latin  elas>?ics.  'these 
Ik;  preferred  to  every  other  sort  of 
reading ;    and  to  his  favourite  au- 
thor.^ hr;  now  applied  himself  with 
avidity,    r^^tiring  from    London    to 
the  house  in  wliieh  his  flmiily  had 
%v.ry  long  resided  in   the  Close  of 
Salihbuiy.     ITis  application  during 
fourieen  (jr  fiftern  years  to  tlie  best 
\vi iters   ot    anticjuity   contiiuied   tso 
be  almv)M  unremitting,    and  liis  in- 
dustry v/as  such  as  is  not  often  ex- 
ceetlcd.    i  !e  rose  always  \ery  early, 
ii(;(]uently  at  four  or  iiv(^.  o'clock  in 
tlie  morning,  es})eeially  vUning  the 
winter,  because  Jic  could  then  most 
efKctually    insuie    a   connnand   of 
time  to  himself." 

Though  Mr.  Harris  afterward 
became  so  distinguished  for  his  in- 
timate a(  fiuaintance  with,  and  at- 
tachment to  the  Aristotelian  philo- 
sophy, yet  the  following  anecdote 
assures  us  that  his  study  of  the 
Stairirile  did  not  commence  very 
early .  *'  I  iiave  heard  my  father 
ii'Ay,  tliat  it  was  not  until  numy  years 


after  his  retirement  from  London, 
that  lie  Ix-gan  to  read  Aristotle  and 
his    commentators,    or  to  in<iuire, 
so  deiply  as  he  aftea^wards  did,  into 
the    Greek    philosophy.      He   had; 
imbibid  a  prejudice,  very  common 
at  that  time  e\en  among   scholars, 
that  Aristotle  was  an  obscure  and 
unprciitabh^   author,   whose   philo-' 
sophy  had  been  deservedly  super* 
seded  by  that  of  Mr.  Ixjcke^   a.  no- 
tion which  my  father's  own  writ- 
ings have  since  contributed  to  cor- 
rect,  with  no  small  evide'nce  and- 
authorit}'." 

Mr.  Harris's  fondness  for  tlie 
cause  of  literature  did  not  de^ch 
him  from  mon;  important  pursuits j 
he  acted  regularly  and  assiduously  as 
a  magistrate  for  his ov.n county,  and- 
gave  **  in  that  capacity  occasional 
proofs  of  a  manly  spirit  and  firm-- 
ness,  without  which  the  mere 
formal  discharge  of  magisterial  duty 
is  often  .  useless  and  insufficient." 
His  first  literary  production  W3B 
printed  in  thci  year  1 74^1,  and  con- 
tained three  treatises : 

1  St,  Coneeniing Art; — 2d.  Music, 
Painting,  and  Tot  try  ;  —  and  3d.  On 
Happiness,  which  lord  Monboddo, 
speaking  of  ^tlie  diali)gue  on  Art, 
praises  as  as  ctnitaining  "  die  beat 
specimen  of  the  dividing,  or  diae* 
retic:  manner,  as  the  ancients  called 
it,"  th.at  was  to  be  found  in  any 
modern  l)ook  with  which  he  wa» 
a  e<  plain  ted. 

in  July  17-15  Mr.  ILirris  married 
Miss  Elizabeth.  Clarke,  daughter, 
and  (^entucdly  heiress,  of  Jolm* 
Clarke,  esq.  of  Sandford,  near 
Bridgewater,  in  the  county  iof 
Somerset,  by  whom  he  had  five 
children :  two  of  these  died  at  an 
early  ]jeriodj  James,  now  earl  of 
Malmesbury,and  two  daughters, have 
siu*\i\cd  their  father. — In  17-51,  he 

published 


CHARACTERS. 


745 


i^ublishcd  his  Hermes,  or  a  Philo- 
sophical Inquiry  coiiccrnii)g  Uni- 
versal Granimar. 

"  From  the  i)eno(l  of  hjs  jiiar- 
riage  until  the  year  l/Gl,  my  father 
(says  lord  Malmcsbitry)  continued 
to  live  entirely  at  Sc^lisbury,  except 
in  the  summer,  when  he  sometimes 
retired  to  his  house  at  Durnlbrd 
near  tliat  citv.  It  \vas  there  that  he 
fotind  himself  most  free  from  iht. 
interruption  of  business  and  com- 
pany, and  at  leisure  to  compose  the 
chief  part  of  tho.se  works  which 
were  the  result  of  his  study  at  other, 
seasons.  His  timi  was  divided  be- 
tween the  care  of  his  lamily,  in 
which  he  placed  his  chii;f  happi- 
ness, his  literar\^  pursuits,  and  the 
society  of  his  friends  and  neigh- 
bours, with  whom' he  kept  up  a 
constant  and  cheerful  intercourse. 

'^  The  superior  taste  and  hkill  which 
he  possessed  in  music,  and  his  ex- 
treme fondness  for  hearinjx  it,  led 
him  to  attend  to  its  ctiUi\ation  in 
hisnative  place  with  uncommon  pains 
nnd  success ;  insonmch  that,  under 
his  auspices,  not  only  tlie  annual 
musiqal  festival  in  Sali.-ibury  flourish- 
ed beyond  most  instit'.Uions  of  tjie 
kind,,  but  even  the  ordinary  sub- 
scription-concerts were  carried  on, 
by  his  assistance  and  directicnis, 
with  a  spirit  and  elfect  seldom 
equalled  out  of  the  metropolis. 

*'  Many  of  tlic  beautiful  selections 
made  from  the  best  Italian  and 
German  composers  for  these  festi- 
vals and  conev.rts,  and  adapted  by 
my  father  some  times  to  words  se- 
lected from  scripture,  or  from  Mil- 
ton's Paradise  Lost,  sometimes  to 
compositions  of  his  own,  have  sur- 
vived the  occasitaii  on  which  they 
wcvit  first  })roduced,  and  are  still  in 
great  estimation.  Two  volumes  of 
tiiesc    bdcctions  have   been   lately 


published  by  Mr.  Corfe,  organist  of 
Salisbury  cathedral,  the  rest  remaia 
in  MSS.  in  posbcssion  of  my  family. 
His  own  house,  in  the  mean  time, 
was  ilic  frequent  scene  of  social  and 
musical  meetings^  .and  I  think  I 
do  not  hazard  too  rnuch  in  saying, 
that  he  confributcd  both  by  his 
own  conversation,  and  by  tlie  com- 
pany whii'h  he  often  assembled  at 
his  house  from  various  parts,  ,to  re- 
fine and  improve  the  taste  and  man- 
ners of  die  place  in  which  he  re- 
sided." 

Mr.  Harris  was  chosen  a  repre- 
sentative in  parliament  for  the  bo- 
rough of  Christ-church,  in  tlie  year 
1761;  which  scathe  retained  to  the 
day  of  his  death.  In  the  f  >iiOwin^' 
year,  he  accepted  the  otHce  of  one 
of  the  lords  of  die  admiralty,  whence 
he  was  promoted,  in  1/63,  to  be  a 
lord  of  the  treasur)- :  in  1/74,  he 
became  secretary  and  comptroller  to 
the  queen,  and  this  appointment  he 
held  during  tlie  remainder  of  his 
life. 

*'  Although  assiduous  ip  the  dis- 
charge of  his  parliamentary  duty, 
and  occasionally  taking  a  share  in 
debates,  Mr.  Harris  never  con- 
tracted any  violent  spirit  of  party. 
He  abhorred  faction  of  eveiy  kind ; 
nor  did  he  ever  relinquish,  for  ptib- 
lic  business,  those  still  inore  inte- 
resting pursttits  which  had  made  the 
delight  and  occupation  of  his  earlier 
yeais.  if  they  were  somewhat  in- 
termitted during  the  sitting  of  par- 
liament, he  renewed  them  with  in-r 
creased  relish  and  satisfaction  on  his 
return  into  the  country.  Tliose 
who  saw  him  in  London,  partaking 
with  cheerfulness  and  enjoyment  of 
a  varied  and  extensive  society,  and 
frequenting  dramatic  and  musical 
entertainments,  while,'  during  his 
stay  in  Salisbur}',  he  always  excer- 

cised 


746       ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


cised  a  rcgpectablc,  but  'vrcli  regu- 
lated hospitality^  were  surprised  that 
Ikj  could  have  found  time  to  com- 
pose and  publish,  in  1775,  another 
learii^'d  work,     it  contains,  under 
the  title  oi    Philosophical  Arrange- 
nicnL?,  a  part  only  of  a  larger  work 
diat    he  had    meditated,     but  did 
iK't  tiniiib,  on  the  Peripatetic  logic. 
So  far  as  relates  to    the    arrange- 
ment of  ideas,  it  is  complete  3  but 
jt  has  other  objects  also  in  view.    It 
combats,  with  great  force  and  abi- 
lity,   the    atheistical    doctrines    of 
chancy;  ;ind  materialism."     The  last 
work  which  proceeded  from  the  pen 
cf  this   ingenious   writer  was  his 
Philological  Inquiries  \  which,  says 
\\\h  son,  *'  is  a  more  popular  work 
than  any  of  his  former  oives,  and 
contains  ratlier  a  summary  of  con- 
clusions to  which  the  philosophy  of 
the  ancients  had  conducted  them  in 
tJveir  ciitical  inquiries,  than  a  regu- 
lar and  perfect  system.     The  prin- 
ciple's C/U  wJiich  those  conclusions 
ilcpend    are    tJierefore  oiuittcrl,    ns 
lu'tng  of  a  more  ahstj-use  nature  than 
vas  agrcea'ole  to  liis  design  3  which 
v/as  to  trach  by  illustration  and  ex- 
ample, not.  by  strict  demonstration." 
Indeed,  this  publication  appears  to 
have  ])een  meant  not  only  as  a  retro- 
sfxrctive  view  oltliose  studies  which 
<\xercihed     his    mind    in    the    full 
vigour  of  his  life,  but  likewise  as 
a  luonunicnt    of  his    affection  to- 
Avards   many  of  his  most  intimatp 
friends.     '*'  I  cannot  therefore   but 
consider  it  as  a  pleasing  proof  of  a 
mind  retaining,  nt  an  advanced  age^ 
a  cojisiderable  d(  grce  ot  its  former 
energy  and  activity,  together  wilh^ 
wh:it  is  still  more  rarely  to  be  found, 
an  nndinrMii'^hed  j)ortion  of  its  can- 
dour and  benevolence. 

"  }kfort^  this  last  volume  was  en- 
tirely concluded,  my  father's  health 


had  evidently  begun  to  be  veiy  mucli, 
impaired.  He  never  enjoved  a  ro- 
bust constitution;  but  tor  some 
time,  towards  the  end  of  his  life, 
the  infirmities  under  which  he  lai- 
boured  had  gradually  increased.  His 
family  at  length  became  apprelieh- 
sive  of  a  decline,  symptoms  of  which 
were  very  apparent,  and  by  none 
more  clearly  perceived  than  by  him- 
self. This  was  evident  from  a  va^* 
riety  of  little  circumstances,  but  by 
no  means  from  any  impatience  or 
fretftilness,  nor  yet  from  any  dejec? 
tion  of  spirits,  such  as  are  frequently 
incident  to  extreme  weakness  of 
body,  especially  when  it  proves  to 
be  tlie  forerunner  of  approaching 
dissolution.  On  the  contrary,  the* 
same  equable  and  placid  temper 
which  had  distinguished  him  through- 
out his  whole  life,  the  same  tender 
and  affectionate  attention  to  his  sur- 
rounding fa/nily,  which  he  liad  un-r 
cea.^ingly  manifested  while  in  healthj, 
continued,  without  the  smallest 
change  or  abatement,  to  the  very 
last  3  displaying  a  mind  thoroughly 
at  j)eace  with  itself,  and  able,  withr 
out  disturbance  or  dismay,  to  con- 
template tlie  awful  prospect  of  futu** 
rity  !" 

After  his  strength  had  beea  quite 
exhausted  by  illness,  he  expired 
calmly  on  the  22d  December  178Q» 
in  the  7^d  year  of  his  age. 

*'  The  distinction  (sa)*^  Lord 
Malmesbur}')  by  whicJx  my  father 
was  most  generally  known,  while 
living,  and  by  which  he  is  likely  to 
live  to  posterity,  is  tliat  of  a  man  of 
learning.  His  profound  knowledge 
of  Greek,  which  he  applied  ipoie 
successfully  than,  perhaps,  apy  other 
mod(.»rn  writer  has  done,  to  the  study 
and  explanation  of  ancient  philoso- 
phy, arose  from  an  early  and  inti- 
mate acfjuaintauce  wi(h  the  excdlept 

poets 


CHARACTERS.  74t 

poel«  and  historians  in  that  language,  those  less  informed  than  himself. 
They,  and  the  best  writers  of  the  He  rather  sought  to  make  tliem  par- 
Augustan  age,  ^ere  his  constant  takers  of  what  he  knew,  than  to 
apd  never-Siiling  recreation.  By  mortify  them  by  a  parade  of  his  own 
his  familiarity  witli  them,  he  was  superiority.  Nor  had  he  4ny  of • 
enabled  to  enliven  and  illustrate  his  that  miserable  fastidiousness  about 
deeper  and  more  abstruse  specula-  him  which  too  often  disgraces  mea 
tions  J  as  every  pag^  almost  of  tliese  of,  learning,  and  prevents  their  beiug 
volumes  will  abundantly  testify,  amused  or  interested,  at  least  their 
But  his  attainments  were  not  con-  choosing  to  appear  so,  by  conmion 
fined  t6  ancient  philosophy  andclas-  performances  and  common  events. 
sical  learning.  He  possessed  like-  ''It  was  with  him  a  maxim,  tliat 
wise  a  general  knowledge  of  modern  the  most  difficult,  and  Inhnitely  the 
histoiy,  witli  a  very  distinguishing  preferable,  sort  of  criticism,  bo'tli  in 
taste  in  the  fine  arts,  in  one  of  literature  and  in  the  arts,  was  that 
which,  as  before  observed,  he  was  which  consists  in  finding  o^t  beau- 
eminently  proficient.  His  singular  ties,  ratlier  than  defects  j  and  al-r 
industry  empowered  him  to  make  though  he  certainly  wanted  not 
thes6  vai'ious  acquisitions  without  judgment  to  distinguish  and  to  pre- 
neglecting  any  of  the  duties  wliich  fer  superior  excellence  of  any  kind, 
he  owed  to  his  family,  his  fi'iends,  he  was  too  reasonable  to  expect  it 
or  his  country.  should   very  often  occur,   and  too 

*'  I   am  in  possession  of  such  wise  to  allow  himself  to  be  disgusted 

proofs,  besides  those  already  given  at  common  weakness  or  imperfec- 

to  the  public,  of  my  father's  laborious  tion.     He  thought,  indeed,  tliat  the 

spidy  and  reflection,   as,   I  appre-  vei^  attempt  to  please.,  howevtjr  it 

hend^  are  very  rarely  to  be  met  with,  might  fall  short  of  its  aim,  deserved 

Jf  ot  only  was  he  accustomed,  through  some  return  of  thanks,  some  degree 

a  long  series  of  years,  to  make  co-  of  approbaiion;  and  that  to  endea- 

pious   extracts  from    the  different  vour  at  being  pleased  by  such  efl^rts, 

books  which  he  read,  and  to  write  was  due  to  justice,  to  good  nature, 

critical  remarks  and  conjectures  on  and  to  good  sense. 
Oiany  of  the  passages  extracted,  but        *'  Far,  a;t  the  same  time,  from 

he  was  also  in  the  habit  of  regularly  that  presumptuous  conceit  which  is 

committing  to  writing  such  refiiec-  solicitous    about    mending    others, 

tions  as  arose  out  of  his  study,  which  and  that  moroseness  which  feeds  il3 

evince  a  mind  carefully  disciplined  own  pride  by  dealing  general  cen- 

^nd   anxiously  bent  on  the  attain-  sure,  he  cultivated  to  the  *utmost 

ment  of  $e}f- knowledge  and  self-  that  great  moral  wisdom,  by  which 

government.  we  are  n^de  huma^ie,  gentle,  ai)d 

*'  And  yet,  though  habituated  to  forgiving 3  tliankful  for  the  blessings 
deep  thinking  and  laborious  reading,  of  life,  acquiescent  in  the  afflictions 
}ie  was  generally  cheerful  even  to  we  endnre,  and  submissive  to  all 
playfulness.  Tiiere  was  no  pedantry  the  dispensations  of  Providence. 
in  his  manners  or  conversation,  nor  ^*  He  detested  the  gloom  of  super- 
was  he  ever  seen  either  to  display  stition,  and  the  persecuting  spirit  by 
his  learning  with  ostentation,  or  to  which  it  is  so  often  accompanied . 
treat  with  slight  o;-  superciliousness  but  he  abhorred  still  more  tlie  bane- 

m 


4}? 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,    IS02. 


fill  aiul  ilestnictive  system  of  modern 
philos()j)hy;  and  from  his  early  so- 
licitude to  inspire  me  with  a  hatred 
of  it,  it  would  almost  seem  ihixt  he 
foresaw  its  alarming  approach  and 
fatal  progress.  There  is  no  obli- 
gation which  I  acknowledge  with 
more  thankfulness ;  none  that  I  shall 
more  anxiously  endeavour  to  confer 
upon  my  own  children,  from  a 
thorough  conviction  of  its  value  and 
imponance. 

*•'  My  father's  affection  to  every 
part  of  his  family  was  exemplary 
and  uniform.  As  a  husband,  a 
parent,  a  master,  he  was  ever  kind 
and  indulgent;  and  it  deserves  to 
be  iiiemioned  to  his  honour,  that 
he  thought  it  no  interruption  of  his 
gra>er  occupations,  himself  to  in- 
stmct  his  daughters,  by  exercising 
them  daily  botli  in  reading  and  com- 
positivon,  and  writhig  essays  for  tlieir 
improvement,  during  many  of  their 
younger  years.  No  man  was  a 
better  juilge  of  what  belonged  to 
female  education,  and  tlie  elegant 
accomplishments    of   the    sex^    or 


mni-c  disposed  to  set  a  high  VahiiP' 
upon  them.     But  he.  had  infinilelv 
more  at   heart,    that    his   children 
should  be  eaily  habituated  to   the 
practice  of  religion   and   morality, 
and  deeply  impressed  with  their  true 
principles.      To  promote  thLs    de- 
sirable end,  he  was  assiduous  both 
by  instruction  and  example :  being 
himself  a  constant  attendant  upon 
public  worship,  and  'enforcing  that 
great  duty  upon  every  part  of  his' 
ihmily.     The  deep  sense  of  moral 
ami  relij^ious  obligation  which  was 
habitual  to   him,    and  those  bene- 
volent feJings  which  were  so  great 
a    happiness    to    his    family    and" 
friends,  had  the  same  pov/ejfui  in- 
fluence over  his  public  as  his  private  ■  ' 
life.      Ii(*  had  an   aident  zeal   for 
the  prosperity  of  his  country,  whose   ' 
real  inten\sts    he  well  understood, 
and   in  his   jxirliamentary   conduct 
he  proved  liimsclf  a  warm  friend  to^ 
the  genuine  principles  of  religions 
and  civil  lilxTty,  as  well  as  a  firm 
supporter  of  every  branch  of  aoK. 
admirable  constitution." 


NATUBAL 


r.7-t9   ] 


NATURAL    HISTORY. 


Account  of  the  Pearl  Oijsler,  ajul 
Pearl  Flshtri/y  on  tlni  Island,  of 
Cciflon.  From  an  AaoinU  of  llie 
Isiwid  i)f  Ceylon  J  by  Rnlcrt  Per- 
civalf  Esq.  of  his  Majesty  s  IQth 
Regiment  q/^  Foot, 

THERE  is,  {XMhaps,  no  spec- 
tacle which  die  island  of  Cey- 
lon affords  more  striking  to  an  Eu- 
ropean, than  tlie  buy  of  CondiUchy, 
during  the  season  of  the  pearl  fish- 
ery. This  desert  and  b.lrrea  spot 
is  at  that  time  con\ertcd  into  a 
scencj  •  which  exceeds  in  novelty 
and  variety  almost  every  tiling  1 
ever  witnessed.  Several  tliousands 
of  people  of  different  colours,  coun- 
ti-ies,  casts  and  occupations,  con- 
tinually passing  and  repassing,  in 
a  busy  crowd  ;  the  ^  ast  numlxir  of 
tents,  and  huts  erected  on  the 
sliore,  WMth  the  bazar,  or  market- 
place, beU>re  each  j  the  multitude 
of  boats  returning  in  the  afternoon 
from  the  pearl  banks,  some  of  tliem 
laden  with  riches;  the  anxious^  ex- 
pecting count(inances  of  the  boat- 
owners,  while  tlie  boats  arc  ap- 
proaching the  siiore,  and  the  eager- 
ness and  avidity  with  whidi  they 
run  to  them  wlien  arrived,  in  hoptis 
of  a  rich  carg<j  3  the*  vast  numbers 
of  jewellers,  brokers,  merchants,  of 
all  colours  .and  all  descriptions, 
both  natives  and  foreisjners,  who 
are  occupied  in  some  way  or  oth^r 


with  tlie  pearls,  some  sepai'ating 
and  assorting  them,  otliers  weigh- 
ing and  ascertaining  their  number 
and  vahie,  while  others  are  hawk- 
ing them  about,  or  ^drilling  and 
boring  them  for  future  use :  afl 
these  circumstances  tend  to  impress 
the  mind  with  tlie  value  and  Im- 
portance of  that  object  which  cao 
of  itself  create  this  scene.     » 

The  bay  of  Condatchy  is  the  most 
central  rendezvous  for  the  boats 
employed  in  the  fishery.  The 
banks,  where  it  is  carried  on,  ex- 
tejtid  several  miles  along  the  coast 
from  Mannar  southward,  off  Arippo, 
Condatchy,  and  Pomparipo.  The 
principal  bank  is  opposite  to  Con- 
datchy, and  lies  out  at  sea  about 
twenty  miles.  The  -first  step,  pre- 
vious to  die  commencement  of  the 
fishery,  is  to  have  the  different 
oyster-banks  surveyed,  the  state  of 
the  oysters  ascertained,  and  a  re- 
poit  made  on  tlie  subject  to  go-^ 
vcrnment ;  if  it  has  been  found  tnat 
the  quantity  is  sufHcient,  and  that 
they  are  anrived  at  a  proper  degree 
of  maturity,  the  particular  banks  to 
be  fisheil  that  year  are  put  up  to 
sale  to  the  highest  bidder,  aiid  are 
usually  purchased  by  a  black  mer- 
chant. This,  however,  is  nut 
always  the  course  pursued :  govern- 
ment sometimes  judges  it  more  ad- 
vantasceous  to 'fish  the  banks  on 'its 
own  account,  .and  dispose  of  thei 

pearls 


150       ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


pearls  aftenvards  to  tlie  mftrchants. 
When  this  plan  ii  a<loptcd,  boats 
are  hircfl  tor  the.  season,  on  account 
of  government,  from  diitcretit  quar- 
teis  ;  ilie  price  varies  considerably, 
accordinjj  to  circnin.st:inces ;  but  is. 
usniilly  from  500  to  800  pagodas 
for  each  boat.  There  are,  however, 
no  stated  prices,  .uid  the  best  bar- 
gain possible  is  made  for  eacii  boat 
separately.  The  Dutch  generally 
fcllowed  this  last  system,  the  banks 
were  fished  on  govenimcint  account* 
and  tlie  pearls  (li>podcd  of  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  IndiJ,  or  sent  to 
Europe.  Wlien  this  plan  was  pur- 
sued, the  governor  and  council  of 
Ceylon  claimed  a  certain  per  centage 
on  the  value  of  the  pearls  j  or,  if 
the  lishing  of  the  banks  was  dis- 
posed of,  by  public  sale,  they  bar- 
gained for  a  stipulated  sum  to  them- 
selves over  and  above  what  was  paid 
on  account  of  government.  The 
pretence  on  which  tliey  founded 
their  claims  for  this  perquisite, 
was  their  trouble  in  surveying  and 
valuing  the  banks. 

As  neither  the  season,  nor  tlie 
conveni(ince  of  persons  attending, 
would  permit  the  whole  .  of  tlie 
banks  to  be  fished  in  one  year,  they 
are  divided  into  three  or  four  dif- 
fen^nt  portions,  which  are  fished 
one  portion  annually  in  succession. 
The  differ ent  portions  are  com- 
pletely distinct,  and  are  set  up  se- 
parately to  sale,  each  m  the  year 
m  which  it  is  to  be  fished.  By 
tills  means  a  sufficient  interval  is 
given  to  the  oysters  to  attain  their 
prop(.T  growth  -,  and  as  the  portion 
first  used  has  generally  recovered  its 
maturity  by  the  time  the  last  por- 
tion has  been  fished,  tlie  fishery 
becomes  almost  regularly  annual. 
The  oysters  arc  supposed  to  attain 
^eir  complete  state  of  maturity  ia 


seven  years  j  for  if  left  too  lotig 
I  am  told  that  the  peaii  gets  so  large 
and  so  disagfeeable  to  tlie  fish,  that 
it  vomits  and  throws  it  out  of  the 
shell. 

llie  fislutig  season  commences 
in  l^ebniary,  and  ends  about  the 
beginning  of  April.  The  period 
allowed  to  the  merchant  to  fish 
the  bank  is  six  weeks.  Of  two 
montlis  at  the  utmost;  but  there 
arc  several  interruptions,  which  pie- 
vent  the  fishing  days  ffom  exceed- 
ing more  than  about  thirty.  If  it 
happens  to  be  a  veiy  bad  seasoOj 
and  many  stormy  days  intervene, 
during  tlie  period  allotted,  the  pur- 
chaser of  the  fishery  is  often  al* 
lowed  a  few  days  more  as  a  favour. 
One  considerable  interruption  pro* 
ceeds  from  tlie  number  and  direr** 
sity  of  holidays  observed  bj*  the 
divers  of  diflerent  sects  and  na- 
tions who  are  employed.  Many  of 
tlie  divers  are  of  a  black  race, 
known  by  the  name  of  MarawaSy 
and  inhabiting  the  opposite  coast  of 
Tutucoreen  5  these  people,  althoof^ 
of  the  Malabar  cast,  are  Roman 
catholics,  and  leave  off  work  on 
Sundays  to  attend  prayers  at  tfao 
chapel  of  Arippo.  But  if  manjr 
stormy  days,  or  Hindoo  and  Maho- 
medan  festivals  (wluch  are  nevtx 
neglected  on  any  account  by  die 
natives),  occur  to  interrupt  the  re- 
gular course  of  fishing,  the  fanner 
is  sometimes  desirous  that  the  ca- 
tholic Marawas  should  make  up 
the  lost  time  by  working  on  Son* 
days}  but  tliis  he  cannot  csompal 
them  to  do  without  an  order  fiom 
the  chief  officer  of  go\'emn3ent^ 
who  is  appointed  to  superintend 
tlie  fishery. 

The  boats  and  domes  employed 
in  the  fishery  do  not  belong  to 
Ceylon^  but  are  brou^t  from  dif* 

focut 


NATURAL      HISTORY. 


?S1 


feffent  ports  of  the  continent ;  par- 
ticularly Tutucoreen,  Caracal,  and 
Negapatam,  on  the  Coromandel 
coast,  and  Cotang,  a  small  place 
€n  the  Malabar  coast,  between 
cape  Comorin  and  Anjengo.  The 
divers  from  Cotang,  are  accounted 
the  best^  and  are  only  rivalled  by 
the  Lubbahs,  who  remain  on  tlie 
island  of  Manaar  for  tlie  purpose  of 
being  trained  in  this  art.  Previous 
to  the  commencement  of  the  fishery 
all  the  boats  rendezvous  at  Condat- 
diy  ;  and  it  is  here  they  are  num- 
bered and  contracted  for. 

During  tlie  season  all  the  boats 
regularly  sail  and  return  together. 
A  signal  gun  is  fired  at  Arippo, 
about  ten  o'clock  at  night,  when 
the  whole  fleet  sets  sail  with  the 
land-breeze.  They  reach  the  banks 
before  day-break,  and  after  sun- 
rise commence  fishing.  In  this 
they  continue  busily  occupied  till 
the  sea-breeze,  which  arises  about 
tioon,  warns  them  to  return  to  the 
bay.  As  soon  as  they  appear  within 
si^t  another  gun  is  fired,  and  the 
Colours  hoisted,  to  inform  the  anx- 
ious owners  of  their  return.  When 
the  boats  come  to  land,  their  car- 
goes are  immediately  taken  out,  as 
it  is  necessary  to  hare  them  com- 
pletely unloaded  before  night.— 
Whate\'er  may  have  been  the  suc- 
cess of  their  boats,  the  owners 
seldom  wear  tlie  look  of  disappoint- 
ment 5  for,  altliough  they  may 
have  been  unsuccessful  one  day, 
they  look  with  the  most  complete 
^surance  of  better  fortune  to  the 
next,  as  the  brahmans  and  con- 
jurers, whom  they  implicitly  trust, 
in  defiance  of  all  experience,  un- 
derstand too  well  the  liberality  of  a 
man  in  hopes  of  good  fortune, 
not  to  proniise  them  all  the^  can 
desire. 


Each  of  the  boats  carries  twcntj^ 
men,  with  a  tindal,  or  chief  boat- 
man, who  acts  as  pilot.  Ten  of 
the  men  row  and  assist  tlie  divers 
in  reascending.  The  otlier  ten 
are  divers  :  they  go  down  into  the 
sea  by  five  at  a  time  5  when  the 
first  five  come  up  the  other  five  go 
down ;  and  by  this  method  of 
alternately  diying,  they  give  each 
other  time  to  recruit  themselves 
for  a  fresh  plunge. 

In  order  to  accelerate  the  descent 
of  the  divers,  large  stones  are  em- 
ployed: five  of  these  are  brought 
in  each  boat  for  the  purpose  5  thcjr 
are  of  a  reddish  granite,  commou 
in  this  country,  and  of  a  pyrami- 
dical  shape,  round  at  top  and  bot- 
tom, with  a  hole  perforated  through 
tlie  smaller  ends  sufficient  to  admit 
a  rope.  Some  of  the  divers  use  a 
stone  shaped  like  a  half-moon; 
which  they  fasten  round  the  belly 
when  they  mean  to  descend,  and 
thus  keep  their  feet  firee. 

These  people  are  accustomed  to 
dive  from  their  very  infancy,  and 
fearlessly  descend  to  the  bottom  in 
from  four  to  ten  fathom  water,  in 
search  of  the  oysters.  The  diver, 
when  he  is  about  to  plunge, 
seizes  the  rope,  to  which  one  of 
the  stones  we  have  described  is 
attached,  with  tiie  toes  of  his  right 
foot,  while  he  takes  hold  of  a  bag 
of  net  work  with  those  of  his  left 
it  being  customary  among  all  t!ie 
Indians  to  use  their  toes  in  working 
or  holding,  as  well  as  tlieir  fingers  5 
and  such  is  the  power  of  habit^  that 
they  can  pick  up  even  tlie  smallest 
thing  from  the  ground  Avith  their 
toes  as  nimbly  as  an  European 
could  widi  lus  fingers.  Tliedivef 
thus  prepared,  seizes  another  rope 
with  his  right  hand,  and  holding  hi« 
pdstrils  sh  It  with  the  left,  phmg^ii 

into 


752 


ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1802. 


into  the  water,  and,  by  the  assist- 
ance of  the  ston( ,  s^x^cdily  reaches 
the  IxHtom.  ^Vr  then  hangs  the 
net  round  his  neck,  and  wiih  miicJi 
dexterity,  and  all  pos?ibk"  dispatch, 
collects  as  many  ovsters  as  lie  can 
while  he  is  able  to  remain  under 
WMter,  which  is  usually  about  two 
jninutcs.  He  then  re?unies  his 
j'onner  ])osilion,  niak(rs  a  signal  to 
those  above,  by  pulling  the  rope 
in  his  right  hand,  and  ij4  immedi- 
ately, by  this  means,  drawn  up  -and 
brought  into  tlie  boat,  leaving  the 
stone  to  be  pulled  lip  alter vvards  by 
die  rope  attached  to  it. 

The  exertion  uiivlergonc  during 
this  process  is  so  violeni,  that  upon 
being  brought  into  the  boat,  the 
divers  discharjie  water  from  tlieir 
mouth,  ears,  and  nostrils,  and  fre-r 
cjuently  even  blooc4.  But  tliis  d(K\s 
not  hinder  them  from  goin*;  down 
again  in  their  turn.  They  u  ill  of- 
ten make  from  f(jrty  to  iifiy  plunges 
in  one  day,  and  at  each  plunge 
bring  up  about  an  hundred  oyjslers. 
Some  nib  their  bcaies  o\er  with 
oil,  and  stuff  their  ears  and  noses 
to  prevent  the  water  from  entering, 
while  others  use  no  precaution 
whatever.  Altliough  the  usual  time 
of  remaining  underwater  does  not 
nmch  exceed  two  mlniites,  yet 
there  arc  instances  known  of  di\  ers 
who  could  remain  four  and  even 
live  minut(is,  which  was  the  case 
witli  a  Catfree  boy  the  last  year  J 
visited  tlie  fi^^hery.  Tlie  longest 
instance  ever  known,  was  tJiat  of  a 
diver  who  came  from  Anjeugt)  in 
1797,  and  who  absolatcly  remained 
under  water  full  six  minutes. . 

This  business  of  a  diver,  whicli 
appears  so  extraordinary  and  full  of 
danger  to  an  European,  becomes 
quite  familiar  to  an  Indian,  owing 
ta  the  natural  suppleness    of  his 


linib.-,  and  his  habits  from  his  in- 
fancy. His  chief  terror  and  risk 
aris(*.s  from  falling  in  witli  tl^e 
ground-shark  while  at  the  bottom. 
I'll  is  animal  is  a  common  and  ter- 
rible inhabitant  of  the  seas  in  these 
latitudes,  and  is  a  source  of  per- 
petual uneasiness  to  the  adventurous 
Indian.  Some  of  the  divers,  how- . 
ever,  are  so  skilful  as  to  avoid  the 
shark,  even  when  they  remain  un-» 
der  water  for  a  considerable  time. 
But  t lie  tenors  of  this  foe  are  so 
continually  b'^fore  their,  eyes,,  and 
the  uncertainty  of  escaping  him  so 
great,  that  thi\'»e  superstitious  peo- 
ple seek  ibr  satcty  in  supernatural 
means.  Before  they  begin  divings 
the  priest,  or  conjurer,  is  always 
consulted,  and  whatever  he  says  to 
tlu  m  is  received  with  the  mast  im- 
plicit amfidence.  The  i)reparatJons 
Avhich  he  enjoins  tliem  consists  of 
certain  ceremonies,  according  to  the 
cast  and  sect  to  whicli  they  belongs 
and  on  the  exact  performance  of 
these  they  lay  the  gi'catest  stres8| 
Their  belief  in  the  efiicacy  oF  the^e 
Kupersiitious  rites  can  never  he  re* 
moved,  however  dlffejent  the  event 
n:ay  b<^  from  the  predictions  of  their 
deluders :  government,  ther^^e* 
y.isely  gi\e^  way  to  tlieir  preji^ice^ 
:ind  always  keeps  in  pay  some  joont 
jurers,  to  attend  the  divers  and  r^ 
move  their  fears  :  for  tljough  thcsq  ■ 
people  are  so  skilful  and  so  muc|^ 
maiitcrs  of  their  art,  yet  they  will  apH 
on  any  account  descend  till  the  coxii* 
jurcrhas  performs.!  his  cerenioni^ 
His  ad\  ices  are  religiously  observ^ 
and  generally  have  a  tendency  |^ 
preserve  the  health  of  the. devotee. 
The  tliver  is  usually  enjoined- toi  aj»f 
stain  from  eating  before  he  goes  Jb^ 
]^)lnnge,  and  to  bathe  h'imseijf  iq 
fresh  water  inunediateljr.  at'^  luf 
return  from  tlic  laboiurs  of" the  4ar. . 


NATURAL     HISTORY* 


ws 


The  conjurers  are  known  in  tlie 
Malabar  language  by  the  name  of 
P'dlid  Knrras,  or  lindcr  of  sharks. 
During  the  time  of  the  fishery  they 
stand  on  the  shore  from  the  morn* 
inir  till  the  boats  return  in  the  after*- 
noon,  all  thfe  while  muttering  and 
inunibling  prayers,  distorting  their 
bodies  into  various  strange  attitudes, 
and  performing  ceremonies  to  which 
no  one,  not  even  themselves,  I  be- 
lieve, can  attach  any  meaning.  All 
that  time  it  is  necessary  for  them 
to  abstain  from  food  or  drink,  other- 
wise tlieir  prayers  would  be  of  no 
avaih  These  acts  of  abstinence, 
however,  they  sometimes  dispense 
with,  and  regale  themselves  with 
f(HUhj,  a  species  of  liquor  distilled 
^  from  the  palm-tree,  till  they  are  no 
lono^er  able  to  stand  at  tlieir  devo* 
tions. 

Some  of  the  conjurers  frequently 
go  in  the  boats  with  the  divers,  who 
are  greatly  delighted  at  the  idea  of 
having  their  protectors  olong  with 
them  J  but,  in  my  opinion,  this  faii- 
cied  protection  renders  the  divers 
more  liable  to  accidents,  as  it  in- 
duces them  to  venture  too  much, 
and  without  proper  precautions,  in 
full  confidence  of  the  infallible^power 
of  their,  guardians.  It  must  not, 
however,  be  imagined,  that  these 
conjurers  are  altogether  ^upes  of 
their  own  arts,  or  that  they  accom- 
pany .their  votaries  to  the^lishery 
merely  from  an  anxious  care  for  their 
safety  5  their  principal  purpose  in 
going  tliithcr  is,  if  possible,  to  filch 
a  valuable  pearl.  As  this  is  the 
case,  it  is  evident  that  tlio  superin- 
tendent of  the  tisliery  must  look 
upon  their  voyages  with  a  jealous 
eye:  such,  how(^ver,  is  the  devoted 
attachment  of  their  votaries,  that 
he  is  obliged  to  pass  it  over  in  si- 
lence, or  at  least  to  conceal  his 
Vol.  XLr^^ 


suspicions  of  their  real  ihtetitioas* 
He  must  also  never  hint  ^a  doubt  of 
their  power  over  the  sharks,  as  this 
might  render  the  divers  scmpulous 
of  committing  themselves  to  the 
deep,  or  indeed  deter  them  frpm 
fishing  at  all.  The  conjurers  feap 
.here  a  rich  harvest  j  for^  besides 
being  paid  by  the  government,  they 
get  money  and  presents  of  ail  sorts 
fn^ni  the  black  nxerchants,  and  those 
successful  in  lishing  Up  the  oysters. 

The  address  of  tliese  feljows  in 
redeeming  their  credit  when 'any- 
untoward  accident  Ixappens  to  falsify 
their  predictions  deserves  to  be 
noticed.  Since  the  island  came  in- 
to our  possession,  a  diver  at  the 
fishery  one  year  lost  his  leg,  upon 
whicli  the  head  conjurer  was  called 
to  account  for  tlie  disaster.  His 
answer  gives  the  most  striking  pic- 
ture of  the  knowledge  and  capacity 
of  tlie  people  he  had  to  deal  witlu 
He  gravely  fold  diem,.  'Vtliat  an 
old  witch  who  owed .  him  a  grudge, 
had  just  come  from  Cotang,  on-tJie 
Malabar  coast,  aixl  effected  a  coun- 
ter-conjuration, which  for  the  time? 
rendered  his  spells  fmitlessj  that 
this  came  to  his  knowledge  too  lato 
to  prevent  tjie  accident  which  had 
happened,  but  that  he  would  now 
show  his  superiority  over  his  anta* 
gonist  by  enchanting  tlie  sharks  and 
binding  up  their  mouths,  so  tliat  no 
more  accidents  should  ha])pen  dur- 
ing die  season.  Fortunately  for 
the  conjurer,  die  event  answered 
his  prediction,  and  no  further. da- 
mage was  sustained  from  the  sharks 
during  die  fishery  of  that  year. 
Whether  this  was  owing  to  the 
prayers  and  charms  of  the  conjurer, 
I  leave  to  my  European  readers  to 
decide:  but- certainly  it  was  lii'mly 
believed  to  be  the  case  by  die  Indian 
divers,  and  he  was  afterwards  held 
3  C  by 


754    '    ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


by  them  in  the  highest  esteem  and 
v«'n^.ration.  His  merits,  ho\vever> 
ill  iRis  transaction  might  be  disput- 
ed, for  there  are  many  seasons  in 
which  no  such  accidents  occnr  at 
h11.  The  appearani.e  of  a  single 
shark  is  indeed  sufficient  to  spread 
dismay  among  the  whole  body  of 
diveis  j  for  as  soon  as  one  of  them 
fifvs  a  shark  he  instantly  gives  the 
olarm  to  his  companions,  who  as 
quickly  communicate  it  to  the  other 
boats  ;  a  panic  sjyeedily  seizes  the 
wiiole,  and  they  often  return  to 
the  bay  witliout  fishing  any  more 
that  day.  ITie  sharks  which  cre- 
ate all  tliis  alarm,  sometimes  turn 
out  to  be  notliing  more  than  a  sharp 
stone  on  which  the  di\'er  chances 
to  alight.  As  false  alarms  excited 
in  this  manner  prow  very  injurious 
to  the  progress  of  the  fishery,  every 
means  is  employed  to  ascertain  whe- 
ther they  are  well  or  ill  founded  j 
and  if  the  latter  be  tlie  case,  the  au- 
tliors  of  them  arc  punished.  These 
false  alarms  occurred  more  tlian  once 
in  the  couwe  of  the  lar-t  two  or  tliree 
seasons. 

The  divers  are  paid  dificrently, 
according  to  tlieir  private  agreement 
witli  the  boat-owners,  llicy  are 
paid  either  in  money,  or  witli  a  pro- 
portion of  the  oysters  caught,  which 
they  take  the  chance  of  opening 
on  their  own  account ;  the  latter  is 
the  method  most  commonly  adopted. 
The  agreements  with  tlie  p(^ople 
who  hire  out  the  boats  are  conduct- 
ed much  in  the  same  manner.  They 
contract  either  to  receive  a  certain 
fcum  for  the  use  of  their  boats,  or 
pji.y  t!ie  chief  farmer  ot  the  banks  a 
vrtain  sum  for  permission  to  fish 
•  n  liieir  own  account.  Some  of 
liuise  who  pursue  the  latter  plan 
2ic  very  successful  and  become 
r'ldi  j  while  ollicrs  are  great  lob^-rs 


by  the  specohtion.  Oyster  hjttrt'left 
are  caiTied  on  here  to  a  great  titenti 
they  consist  of  purchasing  a  quan- 
tity of  o)'sters  unopened,  and  nib- 
ning  the  chance  of  either  finding  or 
not  finding  pearU  in  them.  Thfc 
European  ofticcrs  and  geiitlefiiCDj 
who  attend  here  upoti  duty,  or 
through  curiosity,  are  pailiculattf 
fond  of  these  lotteries,  and  verf 
frequently  make  purchases  of  thiil 
sort. 

The  boat-owners  and  mfercbahtt 
are  very  apt  to  lose  mnny  tjf  lh6 
best  pt'srls  while  the  boats  are  on 
1he!ir  return  to  the  hay  from  thft 
banks  >  as  the  oysters,  "when  alivft 
and  left  for  some  time  unichsturbed^ 
frequently  open  their  shells  of  thdt 
own  accord  J  a  pearl  may  th6ab6 
easily  discovered,  and  the  nystfer 
prevented,  by  means  of  a  bit  of 
grass  or  soft  wood,  from  again  clos- 
ing the  shell,  till  an  opportuni^ 
offers  of  picking  out  the  pearl. 
Tiiose  fellows  who  arte  emplayiA 
to  search  among  the  tish  also  com'- 
mit  many  depredations,  and  eVcA 
s\\  allow  the  pearls  to  concesd  themj 
when  this  is  suspected,  the  {)la(| 
followed  by  tiie  merchants  is  bl 
lock  the  fellows  up,  and  giV6 
them  strong  emetics  and  purgativesi 
which  have  frequently  the  ^ect  df 
discovering  the  stolen  goods. 

As  soon  as  the  oysters  are  tsAtk 
out  of  tlie  boats,  they  arc  carried  b^ 
the  difitercnt  people  to  whom  thq^ 
belong,  and  placed  in  holes  or  ^ts 
dug  in  tlie  ground  to  tlie  dftpth  dF 
about  two  feet,  or  in  small  squartb 
places,  cleared  and  fenced  nmiid 
for  the  purpose,  each  person  IiavinJ 
liis  own  separate  division.  Mat^ 
3r«  spread  bt  Irw  them  to  preteift 
llie  oysters  louehing  tlie  eanii»  aBi 
here  they  m'i  l-ft  to  die  and  rolp 
As  soon  dh  il\ey  have  passed  tlirouj^' 

a  state. 


Natural    HistoRY. 


^ss 


a  slate  of  putrefaction,  and  have  be- 
cprae  dry,  they  are  easily  opened 
without  any  danger  of  injuring  tlie 
pearls,  which  might  be  tlie  case  if 
they  were  opened  fresh,  as>  at  that 
time,  to  do  so  requires  gieat  force. 
On  the  sihell  beinj^  opened,  the 
oyster  is  minutely  examined  for  tlie 
pearls  j  it  is  usual  e\'en  to  boil  the 
oyster,  as  the  pearl,  though  com- 
monly found  in  the  shell,  is  not 
unfrequently  contained  in  tiie  body 
of  the  fish  itself. 

The  stencil  occasioned  by  the 
oysters  being  left  to  putrefy  is  in- 
tolerablej  and  remaiiis  for  a  long 
time  after  the  fishery  is  over.  It 
corrupts  the  atmosphere  for  several 
miles  round  Conditchy,  and  renders 
the  neighbourhood  of  that  country 
extremely  unpleasant  till  the  mon» 
fioons  and  violent  soutli-west  windu 
set  in  and  purify  the  air.  The 
noisome  smell,  however,  is  not  able 
to  oyerconie  the  hope  of  gain;  for 
months  after  the  fishing  season, 
numbers  of  people  are  to  be  seen 
earnegtly  searching  and  poring  over 
the  sands  and  places  where  the  oys- 
ters have  been  laid  to  putrefy  -,  and 
some  are  now  and  then  fortunate 
enough  to  find  a  pearl  that  amply 
compensates  their  trouble  in  search- 
ing after  them.  In  1797>  while 
Mr.  Andrews  was  collector,  a  cooly, 
or  common  fellow  of  tlic  lowest 
cast,  got  by  accident  the  most  va- 
luable pearl  seen  that  season,  ajid 
sold  it  to  Mr.  Andrews  for  a  large 
sum. 

The  pearls  found  at  this  fishery 
are  of  a  whiter  colour  than  those 
got  in  the  gulph  of  Ormus,  on  the 
Arabian  coast,  but  in  other  respects 
-are  not  accounted  so  pure,  or  of 
such  an  excellent  quality  3  for  though 
the  white  pearls  arc  more  esteemed 
b  Europe,  the  natives  prefer  those 


of  a  yellowish  or  golden  cast.  Off 
l\itucoreen,  \^hlch  lic^  on  tlie 
Corortiandel  coast,  nearly  ophite 
to  Condatchy.  <here  is  another 
fishery;  but  tnc  pearls  found  therd 
are  muth  inferior  to  those  two 
species  I  have  mentioned,  bein^ 
tainted  With  a  blue  or  grayish  tinge. 

Accoiinl  of  ike  Nlfe  and  Ciimate  of 
'Egypt,  From  fFalsh's  History  of 
the  Campaign  ih  J&g^fpt* 

THE  Nile  is  undoubtedly  the 
most  astonishing  river  in  the 
world ;  without  if  Egypt,  surround* 
ed  on  every  side  with  neteral  ob» 
stacles,  separated  oi)  the  eut  from 
%ria  by  moving  sands,  skirted  on 
the  soath  and  west  by  immenie 
tracts  of  deserts,  would  t)^  as  unin* 
habitable  as  the  dreary  wastes  of 
Libya.  It  Is  navigable  for  boats  of 
considerable  burden  as  far  as  the  ca* 
taracts,  and  is  a  very  convenient 
mode  of  communication  from  one 
eittfcmity  of  the  countiy  to  the  other. 
The  previ\iiifig  winds  generally  servo 
tp  sail  up;  and  in  coming  dowo^ 
the  current  Is  of  the  greatest  adven* 
tage,  especially  during  the  o\'erflov» 
ing,  when  a  large  germe  will  ge 
down  from  Ca\ro  to  Eosetta,  a  dis* 
tance  of  one  .  hundred  and  sixty 
miles,  in  less  than  forty  hours, 
wjthout  sail  or  oar  to  assist  its  way. 

It  is  the  great,  and  indeed  tho 
only  source  of  wealth  to  the  coun- 
try ;  and  is  the  mo^t  pleasaat  and 
expeditioiu  manner  of  travelling, 
particularly  when  it  \8  6[)Q$idened» 
tliat  tliere  are  no  inns  in  the  country, 
except  a  few  miserable  Cilrav^aeraifs, 
disgusting  to  an  EurgpeaD^  whert 
you  mujjt  sleep  upon  dirty  carpetH 
covered  with  vermin,  lying  .prorni** 
cuously  wi^  TuiJcs^  AmI^s,  kc> 
3  C  2  Only 


>Io6         ANNUAL     REGISTER;  1802. 


Only  that  pnrt.  of  tlio  country, 
vliich  the  Nile  o\cifio\vs,  ih  inha- 
bited j  as  \<i  clearly  percqMible.  by 
tJie  iiiirr(A\'  and  contraclod  space  of 
iiiltivation  on  cacli  bonier,  and  by 
the  nuincrous  vill;;-es  biiilt  only 
along  itH  banks. 

The  annual  roin'^  and  fallinjj;  of 
thii  river,  and  iheir  eau*^i  s,  have 
])Len  so  often  and  so  correctly  stated 
by  able  travclh^rs,  that  it  would  be 
as  presumptuous  as  luineccs.'jary  to 
jsay  any  thinp;  concerning  them.  As 
tlic  waters  retire,  they  leave  behind 
tliem  a  rich  black  mould,  very  thick, 
and  equal  to  the  ricliest  soiI_,  m  Iiich 
is  sown  as  soon  ns  left  dry.  Tiic, 
chief  productions  that  1  remarked 
alor.g  I  lie  banks,  vere  rice,  wheat, 
barley,  Intlian  corn,  pum])kins,  (ui- 
cumbers,  and  fiMd.-i  of  the  finest 
and  most  luxuriant  clover. 

1'ho  principal  fruits  throughout 
Kgypt  arc  the  musk  and  water  me- 
lons, small  apricots,  grapes,  orani^es, 
pomec;ranates,  citrons,  a  few  plan- 
tains about  Rosetta,  and  milJi(.ns  of 
dates.  'Die  last  mentioned  fruit  is 
the  potatoe  of  this  country,  the  jjoor 
peo])le  living  almost  entirely  upon  it. 

'J'he  date  tree  grows  in  large 
woods,  thrives  almost  every  where, 
and'a  sandy  soil  agrees  perfectly  well 
with  it.  The  penins\ila  of  Aboukir, 
M  our  arrival,  and  great  part  of  the 
>.indy  country  bUween  Aboukir 
md  llosetta,  were  covered  with 
tlicm.  Numerous  advantages  are 
dcriu'd  from  this  tree,  every  part 
of  which  Is  made  to  serve  some  pnr- 
})ose.  The  frttit  is  vcrry  wholesome 
a!id  palatable  food,  and  the  French 
made  \ery  tolerable  brandy  trom  it. 
'J  he  leases  are  converted  into  ropes 
ffjr  the  germes  antl  other  boats  3  the 
trunk  of  tho  tree  makes  bad  r'ncl, 
and  is  u-ed  also  in  tiie  (ronsti'uctjon 
of  Uicir  u  retched  houses. 


AN'Jierever  the  date  tree  is  forincT,' 
as  far  as  our  experience  inforn)s  us,  • 
water  may  be  procured  by  sinking 
wells. 

Ai'ihough  the  Nile  is  not  a  rapid" 
riv(T,  yet  during  the  time  of  its  over- 
ilowing,  the  fcjrce  of  the  current  is 
anr.izingly  great.     When  it  is  at  its 
height,    the  water  is  of  a  reddish ' 
brown  colour,  and  nearly  as  -tiiick 
as  mud,  so  that  it  is  almost  impos- 
sible to  make  use  of  it  for  drinking, 
before  it  has  b«*en  purilied.    For  this' 
puqjose  large  jars  are  filled  with  the 
water,  the   inside  of  them  having  » 
been  previously  rublx'd  round  with 
bitter  alnK)nds,    or  beans,  and  in'* 
th(*se  it  will  very  s(K)n  settle,  and  be-' 
come  quite   clear.     Women,  very 
carefully  mu tiled  up,  are  constantly 
seen  on  tlie  banks,  tilling  tliese  jars 
with  water. 

At    J\()setla  and   Cairo  arc  sold 
abundynce  of  (\irthen  bottles,  nniued 
alkarras,  which  are  veiy  useliil  for" 
coolinu;  the  water.     Ihese  are  made 
of  a  white  clay,  and  baked  in  the 
sun.     I'Ikt  are  so  j)orous,  that  the 
watci'  is  constantly  exuding  tlirough' 
them,  and,  by  its  evaporation  frcHn* 
the  exttM'nal  '•urface,  produces  such 
a  degrc  e  of  cold,  as  to  render  the 
wat'.T  within  ol'a  very  grflteful  tem- 
perature.   All  our  fleet  on  the  coast 
made  use  of  no  other  water  tlian 
that  of  tlu^  Nile,  which  was  found 
eNtri?mely    fit    for    ever)''  pui'pose.' 
Croc(Kliles  are  far  less  numerous  in- 
Mgy[)t  th;Mi  is  commonly  imagined.- 
Noiie  are  to  Ik^  found  \nLowcr  Eg)'pt,' 
it  very  seldon\  happ(Miing  that  any 
capiie  down  as  far  as  Cairo.   As  yoii" 
go  up  the' Nile,  it  is  said  they  be-" 
<'ome  more  common.     'Jlie  Vrench 
had  on  I*  at  Cairo,  brought  fram  Up-" 
per  ligypt,  which  was  eighteen  feet- 
long. 

'i  here  is  no  country  in  the  world 

where 


NAT-URAL      HISTORY:  75.7 

where  die  cliijiate  is  more  res^lar  vary  between  80°  and  83®^  and  it 
Xhaiiin  Kgvpt.  The  sky  is  almost  rarely  ,  exceeded  88*^.  A  cool  rcr 
always  beautifully  clear  and  serene,  freshing  breeze  sprung  up  regularly 
and  after  seven  or  eight  in  the  morn-  about  seven  in  the  morning,  which, 
ing  not  a  single  treeting  cloud  is  near  the  sea,  was  excessively  plea- 
seen  to  intercept  the  burning  rays  of  sant,  and  rendered  the  heat  very 
the  sun.  supportable,   that  would  otherwise 

It  seldom  or  never  rains  in  the  in-  have  been  intense, 
terior  parts  3  but  on  tlie  sea  coa!»t.  During  our  stay  in  Egypt,  we  had 
and  near  Alexandria,  it  rains  fre-  occasion  to  observe  tlic  constancy  of 
quently-  in  the  winter  time.  The  the  winds,  which  prevail  on  the 
showers  however  are  short,  though  coast.  In  April,  May,  June,  and 
heavy,  and  are  unmediately  sue-  July,  they  blew  from  the  north- west  j 
cceded  by  a  tine  blue  sky.  Soon  in  August  and  September,  they  still 
after  our  kmding  we  had  several  kept  in  die  same  quarter,  only  vary - 
smart  sliovvers,  which,  while  diey  ing  occasionally  to  due  north.  Jn 
■  lasted,  fell  with  great  force  upon  our  tlie  day-time  we  almost  always  en» 
tents  5  and  in  the  night  of  the  2Sth  joyed  a  fresh  breeze,  which  toward 
of  April,  we  had  a  very  severe  thun-  sunset  lulled  gradually,  till  it  sunk 
der  storm,  accompanied  with  a  into  a  calm,  lo  this  unquestionably 
great  deal  of  rain.  we  must  ascribe,  in  great  measure, 
...  But  it  does  not  rain  often  j  the  the  health  of  the  troops  before  Alex- 
heavy  dews,  which  fall  during  the  andria,  for  it  certainly  purified^ as 
.night,  make  up  in  piut  for  the  want  well  as  cooled  the  air,  and  thus  re- 
jof  moisture.  We  always  perceived  moved  two  powerfiil  causes  of  sick- 
die  elfects  of  tliem  in  the  morninij,  ness  and  disease, 
when,  as  soon  as  the  sun  appeared 

above  the  horizon,  our  tents  began  '  "'     ^    ^   '  .  .  .  «• 

to  smoke  as  copiously  as  if  a^reat  Account  qf  the  Qphthcdmialn  Egi/pt, 
quantity  of  rain  had  tallen.     IMaiiy  From  TrUmans  Travels. 

a  time,  in  a  common  soldier's  round 

tent,  have  I  felt  the  small  drizzle  of  HP  HE  disease  frequendy  came  on 
die  dew  piercing  through  the  can-      A     very  suddenly,  ushered  iu'with 

vass.  a  sensation,  as  though  dust  or  some 

The  nigjjts  in  March,  April,  and  odier   irritating   extraneous  matter 

Alay,  we  found  vei^' damp  and  chilr  had  fallen  into  the  eye.     Heat  and 

iy,  and  no  covering  was  then  diought  pain  soon  followed.    Sometimes  the 

too  much.  compaint  was  confined  to  one  eye. 

During  the  whole  campaign,  we  at  others  it  attacked  both  at  once, 

enjoyed  tiie  greatest  advantage  from  Inflammation   and  Swelling   of  the 

die   very  clear  and  bright   nights  j  eyelids    quickly    eiisiied,     accom- 

and  we  were  seldom  deprived  of  tlie  panied  with   an   increased  flow  of 

benefit  of  a  fine  moon,  iiere  scarcely  tears.     In  a  few  hours  die  tume- 

.ever  ovfn clouded,  and  shining  with  faction  had   coinpletdly  closed  the ' 

extreme  lustre.  lids,  and  in  the  morning,  after  sleeps 

U'he  heat  during  the  months  of  a  purulent  or  thick  matter  glued 

May,  June»  July,  and  August,  we  them  together.  ■  '        ' 

found  ^fiievylly;  near  Alt^^wandi'ia,  to  .    U'he  appar^t  causey  of  the  disease 

3C3  are. 


758        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 

tro^tlicapplictticinofhcattndlightj  from  the  xrritatitm  excited  hy  tin 

irriitiion  iVom  i^rticlen  of  «inJ  c«  particlf3  ot*  lime  and  of  stone  upon 

duKi ',  a  ad  the  occasioixftl  exposure  thr  tender  aiid  ddiiate  xuembrautss 

u>  n'ght  a  r.  of  t lie  ev<;  aud  liingsi. 

\Vlii If  in  iv*ypt,  I W3S frequently        li>r  nitious  piinicles  in  tlie  air 

induce .1 ;  o  hehr v t;  t hat  tli t  m .->n : .  d^  of  have  been  b yseAtral  numbered  amung 

riil>hifthwliiLh  iuiintT«*Uf5y  surround  ilie  caast*.s  <'f  onliilialmia  in  Kg)!^ 

Caifo,  Al'xai>'in:»,  Mc.  tarnished  a  AltJinugh  the  t^arth  in  many  i&ces 

jR^uliar  i*u-.t'  foi  tli*.!  iVo<juinc.v  and  is  highly  diargtd  or  impregnated 

tf  verily  utiUi>  diae:ise  in  ih:it  neigh-  with  nitrate  of  potash,  yet  I  sec  no 

|K)urliu(Hl ;  Mving  that  thc.>c  riiountU  n^ason  to  arlvibute  the  prevalence  of" 

art  formrdolAariuus  kindsofrubblih,  the  disease  to  this  cause.    Somecir- 

ruins,  itc.  amon»;  which  is  much  old  cumstanccss  have  recently  occunvd 

nHHtar  (i.  e.  liiueand  sand, or  nuid)  Rmong  the  troops  on  their  return  tn 

which  might  oix^raie  in  a  nicchani-  Kngland  from  Kgypt,  A\iiidi  have 


c 


al  manner  upon  the  tender  and  dcr  givc^u  rise  to  an  opinion*  that  the 

lioatc  membranes  of  tlK^  eyej  and  disease  is  infectious.   NotwithstandU 

iu*[K<i  j)r«)ve  a  source  of  disease,  ing    I  must   confer   that  notiiing 

This  rubbish  is,  by  its  cx^^-)sure  to  came  M-ithin  my  paiticular  obsenraf* 

a  ficorching  smi,  rerUiccd  into  a  tine  tion  to  conlirm  such  an  opinion^  itiU 

subtle  i'owdcr,  \i'liich  is  i-asily  acted  I  shall  rehire  a  circumst:mce  which 

ujH^n  by  tiic  itast  pud'  of  wind,  and  occurred  while  we  were  at  Jafik  ia 

driven  into  tlie  amiosphere,  to  tlie  Syria. 

annoyance    and    inconvenience   of  The   JCew  Adventure  transportji 

cnT/  one.    Those  who  have  been  on  bixird  of  which  were  the  wonxq 

near  tliese  places  during  a  kampsin,  and  childn-n  of  the  detachmentf  of 

ba\e  painfully  experienced  the  truth  tlie  mission,  was  sent,  in  the  Qxmtti 

of  this  observation^  since  on  these  of  AugUbl  ISOO^  Trith  dispatdaes  In 

days,  when  the  wind  blows  briskly^  Cyj;j-us,  destined  for  Constaiitinopo. 

there  is  a  general  haziness  of  atmos-  While  they   remained  at  Cypna, 

phere,  from  the  tine  particles  of  dust  which  \iiis  for  a  few  days  only,  Uio 

«usp<indcd   in  ihe  air.     Cairo  and  women  and  children  went  on  shore, 

Aieviiiidria  arc  particularly  r?;posed  They  were  suddenly  and  5e\'ere^ 

to  the  baneiiil  riltcts  of  the:.e  ao-  attacked  with  an  inflammation  <rf 

cumulaiions,    which  ovcrliang  and  the  e^-es,  with  t^'hich  none  qf  the 

surround  the  above  places.     Some  sailors  on  board  M*ere  afiected.    The 

ditlit'uUy  atttnds    their  removal  at  medical  man  to  whom  they  applied 

Cairo  3    seeing  that  the  inhabitants  for  relief  at  Lamica,  in  the  above 

ca n I :Gt  spread  the  rubbish  o^tr  the  island,  mentioned,  that  the  disease 

la!id,  as  it  vvc»uld  in  time  heighten  Ava^  then  pre\'alent,  and  that  be  coi> 

the  >i;irfae<3  of  ihe  country  so  much,  sidered  ii  to  be  !ntecti()us.     Upof| 

as  10  drprive  thrm  of  the  bt-nelit  ct'  tiivir  return  to  JatHi,    I  went  oa 

tlic   inund  ition   of  the   Nde.     At  board,  and  found  several  «f  tiwBi 

Aloxcjriflria    tliis    would   be    mare  then  suftering  from  the    disordisTi 

]practicable.  Stone-masons,  and  per-  with  much  pain,  inflanomation,  and 

*ons   emj)loyed    in   the  making  of  swelling  of  the  ej'elids,    and  with 

lime,  are  particularly  snbject  to  oph-  small  ulcerations  upon    the  taici. 

Umiiiiy  aud  pulmo.iary  com|>iaiii^  The  disease  yielded  to  the  saturnine 


NATURAL  HISTORY.           W9 

ktion,    blisters,   stimulating    oint-  the  removal  of  the    consequenee* 

ment^  and  laudanum.  which  frequently  occurred  frgm  in- 

Formy  own  parti  never  met  with  flammation,    and  the  induction  of 

any  otiier  incident  to  support  the  such  a  state  oi  tiie  eye  as  to  prevent 

opinion  of  the  contagious  nature  of  the  rctifm  of   ophtlialmiaj    where 

ophthalmia  either  in  Kgypt  or  in  Sy-  tliere  wqs  a  dispgsltion  to  its  attacks, 

ria.     It  appears  to  me,  that  from  Ihe  reme^lie^  "udiich  1  adopted 

tlie  strong  glare  of  light,  and  heat  were  a  weak  solution  of  the  ^cetite 

to  which  the  eyes  are  exposed  dur-  of  lead^  water,  and  vinegar,  com* 

ing  the  summer  montlis,   a  local  bined  with  gentle  anerients.     The 

predisposing  debility  in  the  vessels  eyes  were  kept  shldea  as  much  z% 

of  these  organs  is  induced  to  a  suf-  possible  from  the  stimulus  of  heat 

ficient  degree  to  excite  ophthalmia  and  light. 

upon  the  application  or  insertion  of  If  the  first,  or  primary  symptoiiiSj 

an  irritating  substance   within  the  such  as  psun,  fedness,  and  sweUuig, 

eye,  ^uch  as  particles  of  sand,  lime,  were  not  soon  relieved,  blisters  to 

^c.   unless  these  are  speedily  re-  the  tciDples  were  applied,    which 

moved.  frequently  lessened  the  tumefaction.. 

I  am  induced  to  tliink  that  I  pre-  The  vessels  of  » the  eyelids  were 

sened  my  own  eyes  and  those  of  found  loaded  with  Wood,  the  in-*- 

^ers  from  this  malady,  by  an  at-  fiammation  assuming  a  deep  crim* 

tentive    and    frequent  ablution    of  son  colour.   Relief  having  been  pro» 

them  with  cold  water,  particularly  cured,  the  application  of  stimulants 

after  the  daily  exposure  to  the  solar  was  then  of  inlinite  service. 

jays  and  dust,  during  our  march  The  ung.  hydrargyr.  nit.  lowered, 

through  the  desert.  in  the  proportion  of  one  part  to 

The  exposure  to  night  cold,  (Juring  tliree  of  ung.  cei'ae,  inserted  into  the 

the  fall  of  tlie  great  dews,  1  am  in-  eyes    with   a  hair  pencil,  and  tlie 

clined  to  believe  operates  as  an  ex-  tinct.  opii  dropt  in  after  the  use  of 

citing  cause  to  the  disease.     The  tlie  ointment,    night  and  mornings 

ponderous  turbans  and  shawls  usual-  Avere  of  the  greatest  benefit,  and  in 

ly  worn  on  the  heads  of  the  mussel-  a  great  variety  of  cases  soon  eficctcd 

men,   afibrd    no   protection  to  the  a  cure.     This   \^'as  not,    however, 

eyes,  but  leave  them  exposed  to  the  always  tlie  case  :  for  where  the  dis» 

full  action  of  dust,  light,  and  heat,  ease  was  more  severe,  and  resisted 

which  subject  them  more  particularly  tlie  first  treatment,  tiie  tunica  ad- 

to  ocular  inflammations.      Indeed,  nata  became  more  or  less  inflamed,- 

the  disease  is  at  all  tinies  very  com-  and  the  pain  more  intense.   In  such 

noon  among  them.  cases  the  gorged  vessels  of  the  ad- 

Ihe  vizier  himself  suffered  ocon-  nata  and  those  of  the  lids  were  di- 

sional  attacks  of  ophthalmy,  which  vidcd,  and  this  was  repeated  as  often 

were  removed  by  a  collyriuni  made  as  circumstances  scejiied  to  require, 

with  the  acctite  of  lead,  wat<»r,  and  without  any  inconvenience  attending 

vinegar,  and  the  use  of  a  shade  of  the  operation.     The  patients  were 

green  silk,  &:c.  rej>eatedly  purged,  and  blisters  ap» 

The  general  intentions  of  cure  in  plied   to  the    temples,  behind  tlie 

ihe  treainunt  of  ophthalmia  were,  ears,  to  the  nape  of  the  neck,  &c. 

^e  resolution  of  die  infiammaiion.  Leeches  cou^d  oot  be  prociuied.  in 

3C4  the 


760         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

tiie  country,  and  indeed  such  was  acctite  of  lead,  water,  and  vinegar,' 

our  want  of  them  at  Cairo,  that  the  -alone  cured  great  numbers   of  the 

vizier  was  obliged  to  send  to  Jerusa-  Ottomans  :    indeed,    this  wash  be^ 

lem  for  a  an:A\  supply.     It  head-  camek  so   celebrated  among   tliem/ 

ach,  or  deeply   seated  pain  within  that  I  was  ol)liged  to  furnish  tlie  ih-r 

the  eye,  harassed  the  patient,  aird  trrpreter  of  the  vizier  with  a  qiian-    ' 

"was   connected  with  an  incrca-e  of  tit^-  <jf  the  acelite  of  le;id,  with  di^ 

general    vascular    action,    as    with  rcclifuis  to.  make  the  collyriura  for 

pyrexia,  in  sucii  like  ca>es,  general  the  use  of  his  highness  and  oth(X*, 

evacuations,  as  bleeding  find  copious  on  their  return  to   Constantinople    ■ 

purgmg,  were  adopted,  and  usefully  from  Cairo. 

employed.    The  shaving  of  the  fore  In  the  early  part  of  my  practice  I 

part  of  the  head,  and  cold  water  and  hesitated  to  apply  the  stimulants  un? 

virfegar  trequently  applied  to  dinn-  til  tlie  primary  symptoms  \\  ere  seu^ 

uish  the  force  of  circulation  in  the  sibly  alleviated :    after  three>  four, 

vessels,  particularly   in   the  neigh-  or  six  daysj,  when  oljser%ing  a  pefU- 

bourhood  of  the  diseased  part,  weie  liar  fulness  and  relaxed  state  of  the 

also  found  serviceable.  internal  mem\)ranc  of  the  eyelids. 

In  many  recent  cases,  small  and  froni  the  di;-' tended  state  of  the  vea- 

painful  ulcerations  formed  upon  the  sels,  and  which  was  in  many  cjises 

edges  of  the  litis.    In  such  cases  the  accompanied  witli  small  ulceratiopa 

jftimulating    ointment    of   nitrated  of  the  tarei,  tlijs  condition  of  the 

inercur/,  and  tinct.  opii,  were  ex-  parts  constituting  the  secpndcirj' stage 

tremdy  bi'iU'hcial,  and  speedily  cf-  ofthe  disease,  indicated  and  prompted 

feeted  a   cure.     But  in  neglected,  nie  to  apply  stimulants  earlier,  and 

and  in  oh?»tir.?ite  cases,  o])acilies  of  Avith  nuich  benetit. 

tli(*-  conuia  fretiui'iuly  ensued,  which  A  gnping,  or  an  inversion  of  the 

reduced   the   patient  tp    a  partial,  cyeliils,    (;.ccasionally    occurred    in- 

tonporary,    or    absolute   blinJiueoS.  some  violent,  tedious,  and  obstiDate 

Some  melancholy  cases  liappeiied,  cases  of  ophihaimy,prj»ducingdefor^^ 

in  which  the  eye  completely  sup-  niiiv,  and  a  .temj)orary  deprivatioa 

purated,  and  wasted  away,     in  re-  of  sight,  Irpm  tlie  great  relaxation 

jcent   o])acities,    the   ointment    and  and  elongation  of  the  internal  sur» 

laudanum   were   verv--  useful.     Al-  face  of  the  palpebra.     The  most  re- 

though  J  found  these  remedies  tlie  markable  case-  of  it  which  I  saw,    • 

most  cliiencious    in   removing   tlie  happened  to  a  soldier  at  Glza,  be- 

disease,  yet  I  could  not  enn^loy  them  Ipngir.g  to  the  Indian  army.     ITie  * 

very  generally  among  the  Ottomans,  internal  membrane  of  the  upper  lid 

w ho  do  not  comprehend  the  utility  fornuvl  a  flap  of  at  least  two  thirds 

of  remedies  whieli  give  pain.     It  is  (.fan  inch  in  dei)th,  hanging  down, 

true  that  there  were  excc'ptions  to  and   completely    closing    thp    eye. 

this    remark  amonp;   such   of    the.  Various  astringent  coUyriums  wore 

links  as    entcrtaiiuu    fewer  pre-  used   to   diminihh  and  restrain  ils- 

judii.es,     and    who,    posi-essing    a  growth. 

greater  degree  of  contideiree,  .sub-  Irritability  and  Avcakness  of  tlic 
mitttd  to  die  stimulants  and  profited  eye  were  relieved  by  astringent  Col- 
by them.  lyriums  of  vitriolated  /-inc,    ziluin. 

The  coUyriuoi,  cofpposed  of  thj;  ^c.     iretiu^nt  ablutions  witli  coJ4 

,  watpTj 


NATtJKAI,      HISTOIiyy  v       y^f 


V^ater,  and  vinegar  and  water,  and  of  a  very  deep  azure  colour*. 

jNTotecting  the  eye  from  stropg  lighti  substance  is  of  giieaj;  utility,  in  tbe^ 

:were  found  of  advantage.  arts.     A  grt^at  .consumption  is  made 

The  shunning  of  the  night  air^  tjie  of  it  in  dyeing,  painting,  bleadiii^ 

wearing  of  broad-brin)med  hats,  or  andljother  prpcipsses  of  di^erent  iipoK 

§hades,  in  order  to  protect  the  eyes  ijufactufes.    ,                                .    » 

from  the  solar  rays,  and  frequent  The  vegetable  wlych  prbducestlMi^ 

ablations  with  cgld  water,  constitute  cojoijiriug  fecula  is  term^  tlie  indj^|»v 

an  essential   part  of  the  means  of  plant,  mdigo-jera,  •"  It  is  of  die  ge^ 

prevention  of  this  disease.  .  ni^s  of  the  polypetal  plan^,  of  the 

The  Egyptians,  &c.  draw  blood  family  pf  tlie  leguminous,,  and  lof 

from  the  temples  by  scarifying  the  Qiuch  resemblance  with  the  ^^oic^oiv 

j«irts.  Tjiey  have  likewise  remedies  T^ere  are  twenty-seven  specie^  of 

which  they  occasionally  employ  ia  kidigo-plants.    To  enumerate  ^tbeiy 

this  disease.  diiierences  and  describe  their  botft* 

-  Tliey   take,  for   eXfimple,  ^ual  nic^l  characters  would  be  soperfluiops. 

^quantities    of  powdered  galls,  and  It  will  be  suf&cient  to  direct  our  «t^ 

f  rude  aniin)ony,  and  miK  these  in-^  tention  to  the  most  ipten^ting  spe- 

gredients  with  vinegar,  into  tlie  con-  {:ie$^  xianiely,  tibat  whlcl^  yields  die 

sistence  pf  a  paste^  ^ith  wl4ch  they  best  indigo.    It  is  termed^  tffdi^fSH 

anpint  the  eyes.         '  frpnc,  i^dw-fera  anil.     It  is  indigD* 

Antimony  is  one  of  the  common  iious  in  America ;  and  is  colUvald) 

pigments  of  tlie  women  to  blacken  with  miccess  in  the  soutl^em  parts  4^ 

their  eyelids  and  eyebrows.  this  country,   and  in  the  Antillei. 

Another  celebrated  remedy^with  ^i  these  islands  is  found  a  varjiety  ot 

them  is  a  collyriiun,  composed  of  the  best  Species  pf  indigo^  which 

<5:(}ual  parts  of  chizmeji  powdered^  gro\ys  to  tvyipe  the  height  of  the  in-* 

sugar  candy>  and  alun^  n^bced  with  digo'-^raiic. ,  It  is  iermed  ^  wiU( 

yinegar.  indigo-j^^t  prjmariah-      .-   -. 

The  French  practitioners  make  It  is  ^  be  remarked*  that  in  ibs 

mention  pf  a  species  of  bphthalmy  french   colonies    in  the  j^ntilks, 

depending  upon  a  bilious  state  of  where  fine  i^digp  is  prepaid  ^^ 

the  stomach  y  likewise  another  spe-  seed  of  the  indigo-fia|lc  i$  purpose^ 

cies,  accompanied  with  a  spasmodic  mixed  witl^  that  of  thein<^i^msuo23»    . 

affection  of  the  globe  of  the  eye.     I  in  order  to  obtain  a  morecoosiderahb 

do  not  recollect  to  have  met  with  and  better  pr€)duct.    The  puiposa    ' 

either  of  these  descriptiops  of  oph-  for  which  tnis  mixtoie  is  madeu^aui. 

$hahnia  in  tlie  covintry,  V'ell  at  all  the  operatituj^^beloD^giiig;  • 

^^^ to  the  cultivation  of  ti^eihdigo-pjant^  - 

*"*"^      [        ~  are  related  ip  a  detailed  itnemph:  tiuj^ '  ■ 

Recount  of  the  Ltdigo-plant^  and  the  l>as  hcen  liid  before  the  I;ypcum,xjr 

Preparation  of  Indigo,'  %  Citi-  A^s-    For  the  present  we  ^^aJlcoiH 

%en  Bulky.      (Read  at  cf,  publif  fine  burselyes  to  giving  an^apcxubC 

'      Meeting  of  the  I^yceum  of  Arts.)  \  of  ah  esseut^d.  improvcnaent  41  tbqi 

\  preparation  of  indigo. 

INDIGO  is  known  to  be  a  prcci-  It  will  undoubt^lybe  heard wlt]^ 

pitated  fecula,  dried  and  reduced  astonishmeiit,    that   fhoi^b  ludv^A 

^to  a  solid  mass^  light^  brittle^  »q4  ^  P^^  jTMunfiictuigd  A^ip^  thjft 


762 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1S02. 


(>\:Arc  of  n^^arly  a  century,  its  prrpn- 
ntif'Ti  still  consists  in  sucli  ImjKTtfrt 
approximations,  that,  even  with  ihd 
Iv'st  nnanurartnrer,  j^enerally  ten, 
fifteen,  and  cvnx  to  the  liinnhn^  of 
twenty-five  tubs  fill,  out  of  a  luui- 
dn'd  which  he  undcrtxikes.  Some- 
times  even,  either  owin;^  to  ^\anl 
of  experience,  or  the  contrarieties  of 
temperature,  a  much  larger  num- 
ber of  tubs  fail,  and  rui]i  the  ])ro- 
prictor,  who  reckons  up^n  large 
profits  J  hence,  in  part,  arises  the 
hiph  price  of  indigo. 

Kut  should  tlio  proprietor  of  indi- 
p;o-planl&  be  secured,  by  means  of  a 
certain  process,  against  the  danger 
of  losing  the  fru'ts  of  his  expense 
and  labour,  ho  would  then  b<'  able 
to  sell  his  indigo  at  a  cheaper  rate. 
1'his  would  be  a  gre^'it  advantag(^  to 
the  arts  and  manufactures,  and 
consequently,  to  the  commerce  of 
I'ranee. 

I'iiis  great  advantage  Fiance  will, 
at  som<;  future  j)eriod,  be  able  to  en- 
joy, and  sJie  will  oue  it  to  the  la- 
bours and  intelligence  of  one  of  the 
colonial  proprietors  of  St.  Domingo, 
who  is  at  present  in  France,  and 
one  of  the  free  associates  of  tlie  Ly- 
ceum of  Arts,  I  mean  citizen  Na- 
zon.  Judicious  obsen^aiions  and  a 
long  course  of  exj^erience  have  con- 
vinced him  tliat  it  is  pf)ssible  to  en- 
sure the  success  of  all  tlie  tubs  of 
indigo. 

In  ordiT  to  obtain  this  colouring 
substance,  the  indigo-plant  is  cut 
wiien  it  is  arrived  at  its  maUiiiiy. 
I'hc  whole  is  put  to  macerate  in  a 
Vasin  of  briek-v.'ork,  which  is  ttrm- 
rd  the  tub  (anu).  Its  dimensions 
are  g(  nerally  twelve  feet. 

7'o  bring  the  maceration  to  its 
ultimate  point,  recjuin^s  from  littcen 
to  thirty,  and  «:ven  thirty-six  hours, 
more  or  iess;  acjoruing  to  tlic  tem- 


perature of  the  atmospliprr,  at  the 
lime  when  the  operation  is  per- 
formed ;  it  is  also  necessary  to  take  ■ 
into  consideration  l^he  quality  of  the 
indigo-plant,  the  nature  of  the  soil 
that  has  produced  it,  and  that  of  the 
water  in  which  it  is  Immersed. 

The  first  indication  from  which  it 
is  judged  that  the  maceration  begins 
to  approach  its  ultimate  point,  is  tho 
sinking  of  the  scum,  which  elevates 
itself  in  the  spa/c:e  of  about  half  a 
foot,  which  has  been  left  empty  in 
the  tub,  including  the  plants.  When 
this  scum  has  become  a  kind  of 
crust  of  a  copi^r-blue  colour,  the 
moment  is  concluded  to  be  near  at 
liand,  at  which  the  plants  will  be 
sutHcicntly  macerated.  However, 
tills  indication  is  insufHcient,  an4 
often  even  fallacious.  There  is  an- 
other upon  which  greater  reliance  i^ 
placed  :  it  consists  in  drawing. off  a 
small  quantity  of  tire  water  by  means 
of  a  cock  placed  at  the  lower  part  of 
the  tub.  It  is  received  into  a  silver 
cuj),  and  it  is  observed  whether  the 
fecula  tends  to  precipitate  itself  to 
the  bottom  of  the  cup :  when  this 
is  the  case,  it  is  concluded  that  the 
plants  have  attained  that  degree  of 
maceration  which  is  requisite  for  oIh 
tainins  the  indiijo  from  them. 

Sucli  was  the  process  most  gene- 
rally practised ;  but  it  too  often  gave 
rise  to  error.  To  avoid  this  we 
have  a  sure  means,  which  consists 
in  accurately  obfjerving  tlie  water 
contained  in  the  cup:  five,  oj"  six, 
minutts  after  it  has  been  poured 
into  it,  it  forms  round  tlic  sides  of 
the  cup  a  ring  or  edge  of  fecula^ 
whi'li  at  fii^t  is  of  a  green  colour, 
and  aftervNards  becomes  blue.  As 
long  as  the  maceration  has  not  yet 
been  carried  to  the  proper  pitch,  tliJ4 
ring  detaches  itself  with  difHculty 
from  tlie  siiles  of  the  cup.     But  at 

last 


NATURAL  HISTORY.            763 

hfit  it  16  %eu  to  precipitate  and  cdn-  after  sufficiently  dry  to  be  inti:odiiced 

centrate  itself  at  the  bottom  of  the  into  commerce, 

vessel,  always  towards  the  centre,  I  omit  thextetails  contained  m  a 

under  the  water,  which  has  beconae  longer  memoir,  of  which  I  confine 

limpid,    tliough   with    a  yellowish  myself  to  giving  an  extract.    What 

tuige.  was    of   importance    to    be  made 

When  these  appearances  are  ob»  known,  is,  that  there  esusts  a  certam 

lerved,  they  infallibly  indicate  tl>e  process,  by  following  which  \vc  raajr 

success  of  thiii  hrst  o]^)eratiou.    Tlie  be  secure  against  fliilure  in  the  ma** 

water  is  then  drawn  off  into  a  second  nufactura  of  hidigo. 

basin  or  tub,  placed  beneath   tl>e  EKperience  has  shown  that  this 

first.     This  second  tub   is   termed  process  has  never  failed  of  complete 

latterie,  as  its  use  is  for  beating  the  success  3  of  this,  more  than  fifteen 

water,  still  cliarged  with  tlie  fecula.  hundred  tubs  of  indigo,   manufac-' 

In  order  that  it  may  separate  quick-  tured  hi  different  parts  of  St.  Do- 

Jy,  it  is  agitated.     This  operation  is  miugo,  have  furnished  the  proofa. 
performed  eiUier  by  the  labour  of 

the  hands,  or  by  means  of  a  mill.  "^ 

It  is  of  essential  coase(]uence  aot  to  j^^  Account  of  the  Tea  Tree.    Bv 

agitate  it  for  too  great  a  length  of  Frederick  Pigou,  Esq. 
time:      excessive    agitation    mixes 

anew  tlie  fecula  with   tl«j  water,  H^HE  Chinese  all  agree  there  it 

from  which  it  does  not  separate  any  "^    but  one  sort  or  s^jecies  of  the 

more,  and  the  tub  fails.     Instead  of  tea  tree  5  and  that  tlie  difiisrence  ia 

hidigo,  we  obtain  nothing  but  mud*  tea  arises  from  the  soil  and  manner 

dy  water.  of  curing. 

This   latter    inconvenience    may  Chow-qua,    who  has  been  eight 

easily  be  ob\  iatcd  by  a  little  atten-  times  in   the   bohea  country,   and 

tion:  when  we  have  discovered  that  who  has  remained  there  from  four 

the  fecula  is  suthciently  united,  we  to  six  months  each  time,  says,  tliat 

draw  oH'  the  water  horn  the  batterie  many  people,  among  the  tea-}cares^ 

into  a  third  and  smaller  basin,  which  especially   at  Ankoy,  near  Amoy, 

is  termed  the  dinblotin.     We  tlien  put  leavesi  of  other  trees  5  but  that 

find  the  bottom  of  tlie  batterk  co-  of  these,  there  are  but  two  djt  three 

frered  with  a  very  liquid  blue  paste ;  trees,    the    leaves   of  which    wiU 

this  is  received  into  bags  of  coarse  serve  that  purpose ;  and  they  may 

linen  cloth,  of  the  form  of  inverted  easily  be  known,  especially  when  ' 

cones,  wiiich  suffer  the  watery  part  opened  by  hot  water,  becanse  the/ 

to  run  off.     Ihese  bags  are  alter-  arc  not  indented  as  tea-leaves  are. 

wards  emptied  of  their  contents  upon  He   says,    that    bohea    n>ay   bjj 

tables  in  the  drying  rooms,  where  cured  as  hvson,  and  hyson  as  bohea* 

this  blue  paste  is  kneaded,  and  after  and  so  of  all  other  sorts ;  but  that 

it  has  acquired  a  denser  consistence,  «xperietice  has  shown,  the  teas  are 

it  is  spread  out  and  cut  into  small  <:uud  as    best  suits    the  qualities 

squares,  in  order  that  it  may  dry  tlie  they  have    from  the   soils   whcrfe 

sooner.    Theniauufactiu'e  of  thcin-  they    grow  5    so    tliat   bohea  will 

digp  i^  now  completed^  saij^ii  is  soau  .924^  t»d  J)}«on,  and  hyson^  though 

very 


':v-y 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


..  :.     v.J-.;-    ..'    '  !;■   ...•.■.■•ivy  Wiierc  l.t 

»s  .,  '>.vl  s  ■;  .  H«\\e\fr,  in 
lii  ■'  •'.  ...kx  .:  l\ -lycn.  V. hidi  may 
:.  :  .  '  .  :i\v  >;"!;..■  j^i'.niiicc,  there 
v.i.  ■  V  .1  It'..'  ■  .;:>  r>onie  le:i 
.\  ..  ;.  .vi".  .\:\::  i\.^  Ly^.;n  milliner, 
.'•.  .  'a  a...-*  Lv'.  :i  jiolJ  at  Cautui)  as 
»..^  .1. 

Lu  Svam  o  i;::try,  in  die  pro- 
**:ui  .'t'  'IVhv'.'ii.  is  very  billy, 
-.:i..  .1  ..«.v  >.:iur  years  greatly  en- 
!:.:^t  V  •  'lie  leiiLTth  ut'  it  i.s  lour  or 
luv  .v:^o  :,»\.:n:cy,  or  as  miidi  again 
.-.^  .:  r'i:\:oily  was.  Ihe  extent  of 
«. ..  >.'•.■  :l\it  produces  tiie  best  boliea 
I'.  .\  \>  wc.  nmre  than  40  li,  or  alxHit 
1  ^  luilc^ .:  in  ( ireumf<  rence  it  is 
ftkMn  \C0  to  I'iOli.  Nor  only  the 
LU1>  ill  iliis  country  aie  pianttd  with 
^.i  iriis,  but  th'*  vall«'ys  also ;  the 
ii'.m,  however,  are  icckoned  to 
|M\>dace  the  best  tea ;  on  them 
j^fvAv  eoEgo,  peko,  and  souchongs 
;:i  tlic  valley 3  or  Hat  paits  of  liie 
iountry,  bpliea.  An  to  the  true 
souchong,  the  M'hole  place  doe^ 
;u)t  yield  tliree  pei.'iils ;  Voungshaw 
saya,  not  more  llian  30  catty.  The 
value  of  it  on  the  spot  is  J^  or  2 
tales  the  catty  i  about  10  or  1'^ 
shillings  the  pomid.  What  is  sold 
to  Europeans  lor  souchong  is  only 
the  first  sort  of  congo  j  and  the 
Congo  they  buy  is  only  tlie  lir.'>t 
^ort  of  bohea.  Upon  a  hill  planted 
y.itli  tea  trees,  only  one  shall  pro^ 
«iuce  leaves  good  enough  to  be  called 
souchong }  and  of  those  only  the 
best  and  }'()ungest  arc  taken ;  tlie 
others  make  congo  pi  the  several 
sorts,  and  bohea. 

There  are  f(;ur  or  five  gatherings, 
at  bohea  tea  in  a  year,  acct)rding  to 
the  demand  there  is  for  it^  but 
liiree^  or  4t   most  four  gatherings 


are  reckoned  proper;  the  othefftc 
only  hurt  the  ne:tt  year's  crop.  Of 
souchong^  there  can  be  but  bne 
gathering  j  viz.  of  the  first  and 
ycur.^L.-^i  leaver;  all  others  make 
interior  tea. 

^1  he  lirat  gadiering  is  ca}jcd  tow- 
tchune,  the  second  curl,  or  gjt»- 
tchune,  the  third  sau-tciiune.  If 
the  lirst  leaves  are  not  gathered, 
they  grow  large  and  nink,  and  aie 
not  supplii  J  by  the  second  leaves, 
\\  hicli  only  conic  in  their  room  or 
place,  and  so  on. 

The  £rst  gathering  is  reckoned' 
fat  or  oily,  the  second  Itxs  so^ 
the  third  hardly  at  all  so,  yet  the 
leaves  look  yqung.  The  first  gar 
thering  is  frons  about  the  middle 
of  April  to  the  end  of  May ;  tfa|? 
second  from  about  die  uiid^Ue  cf 
June  till  the  middle  of  July;  thp 
third  from  about  die  beginning  of 
Augurt  to  the  Idtier  end  of  Septenot-  " 
l)er.  Tea  ia  never  gathered  in  winter. 
llie  first  gathering  or  leaf^'whep 
brought  to  Canton,  conimonly  standi 
the  merclianis  in 

1 1  ^  tides  die  pecylj 
the    2d  1 1     or  less, 
the   3d     g. 

Tlie  method  of  curing  boIiea-  tea  , 
of  these  three  gro\vths  is^  accords 
ing  to  Cliowrqua,  thus  : 

When  the  leaves  are  gathere^t 
diey  are  put  into  huge  fiat  baskets^ 
to  dr}'^  and  diesi^  are  put  on  shelve^ 
or  pla»iks,  in  'die  air  or  wind^  or  ia 
the  sun,  if  not  too  intense,  from 
morning  until  noon,  at  whidi  time 
the  leaves  begin  to  'thyow  out  g 
smell ;  then  diey  are  tatched  *  > 
diis  is  done  by  throwing  each  tiin^ 
about  half  a  catty  of  leaves  into  thp. 
tatchc,    and    stlrruig    Uiem    quick 


^  Tdtdie  is  a  flat  pan  of  cast  iioiu 


wit^ 


NATURAL      HISTORY, 


%f 


^t^rh  the  liand  twice,  the  tntche  be- 
ing very  hot,  and  then  taking  them 
out,  with  a  small  short  broom,  if 
the  hand  is  not  sutHcient.  When 
taken  ont,  the  leaves  are  again  put 
into  the  large  flat  baskets,  and  there 
tubbed  bv  mens'  hands  to  roll  them  j 
after  which  they  arc  tatched  in 
larger  quantities,  and  over  a  cooler 
or  slower  fire,  and  then  put  into 
fciaskets  over*  a  charcoal  lire,  as  is 
practised  on  some  occasions  at 
Canton.  When  the  tea  is  tired 
eiioilgh,  which  a  person  of  skill 
directs,  it  is  spread  on  a  table,  and 
jiicked  or  separated  from  tlie  too 
^  large  leaves,  yellow  leaves,  unrolled, 
broken,  or  bad  leaves. 

Yoiingshaw  says,  bnhea  tea  is 
gathered,  sunned  in  baskets,  rolled 
with  the  hand,  and  then  tatched, 
which   completes  it. 

Another  says,  it  is  gathered,  then 
put  in  sieves,  or  baskets,  about  a 
catty  iii  each,  and  these  put  in  the 
air,  till  the  leaves  wither,  or  give^ 
after  which  they  are  put  into  a 
close  place  out  of  the  air,  to  pre- 
vent their  growing  red,  until  tiie 
evening  or  for  some  hours ;  tlie 
smell  then  comes"  out  of  them. 
They  are  after  this  tatched  a  little, 
then  rolled,  and  then  tatched  again ; 
and  about  a  catty  is  tatched  at  one 
time. 

Congo,  says  O.ow-qua,  is  tatched 
twice,  as  is  souchong  j  but  Young- 
shaw  says,  souchong  and  congo 
are  not  tatched,  but  only  tired  two 
or  three  times  :  the  latter  is  most 
probable,  and  yet  the  forffter  may 
be  true  ;  for  as  tatching  seems  ta 
give  the  green  colour  to  the  leaves 
of  the  tea  trees,  so  we  may  ob- 
serve something  of  that  greenness 
in  the  i(\ives  of  congo  and  souchong 
teas.  Youngshnw  further  says,  tli^it 
the    Iraves    of    souchong,    congo. 


hyson,  and  fiiic  singlo  trees,  are  beat 
with  flat  sticks  or  bamboos,  after 
they  have  been  withered  .  by  the 
sun  or  air, and  have  acquired  tough-, 
ness  enough'  to  keep  them  froni: 
breaking,  to  force  out  of  them  a 
raw  or  harsh  snaell. 

Souchong  is  made  from  th6  leavefs 
of  trees  three  years  old,  and  where 
the  soil  is  very  go.od  ;  of  oldery 
when  not  so  good,  congou  is  made, 
llie  leaves  of  older  trees  make. 
bohea.  The  tea  trees  last  mseny. 
years.  When  tea  trees  grow  old. 
and  die,  that  is  when  the  bodies  of 
the  trees  fail,  the  roots  produce 
new  sprouts. 

Peko  is  made  from  the  leaves  of 
trees,  throe  years  old,  and  from  the 
tenderestof  them,  gathered  just  after 
tlicy  have  been  in  bloom  >  when 
the  small  leaves  that  ^ow  between 
the  two  first,  tliat  have  appeao-cd, 
■diid  which  altogether  make  a  sprig, 
are  downy  and  white,  and  resemble 
young  hair  oi*  down.  "*  Trees  of  four, 
live,  and  six  years  old  may.  still 
make  peko  -,  but  after  that  they 
degenerate  into  bohea>  if  tliey  grow 
ou^  the  plains,'  and  into  congo  if ' 
they  grow  on  tlie  hills. 

Lintsessin  seems  to  be  made  from 
very   young  lea\es    rolled  up,  and 
stalks  of  the  tree  3  tlie  leaves  are  ga- 
thered before  they  are,  full  blown  ; 
this  tea  is  never  tatched,  but  only       • 
iircd.     Were  the  leaves- suliercd  to    ■ 
remain    on    the    trees,    until  they 
were  blown,  they  might  be  cured 
as  peko  -,  if  longer,  as   congo   and 
bohea.     This  tea  is  in  no  esteein 
witli  the  Chinese  3  it  is  only  cured- 
to  please  tlie  sight  -,  the  leaves  are. 
gathered  too  young  -  to    have  au/:       i 
flavour.'^    •  - 

Tea  trees  jfre  not ;  manured,  but 
the  ground  on  which  they  grow  is 
kept  very  clean  and  free  from  weeds. 

Tea 


V66 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 


Tea  IS  not  gnlhcred  by  the  single 
leaf,  but  often  by  sprigs.  Tea  in 
general  is  gathered  by  men  ;  how- 
e\'er  women  and  children  also  gatlier 
tea.  Tea  is  ijjalliercd  from  morning 
till  night,  wiien  the  dew  is  on  the 
leaves  as  well  as  when  it  is  off. 

Ho-fung  tea  is  so  called  from  the 
country  where  it  grows,  which  is 
twelve  easy  days  journey  from 
Canton.  This  tea  is  cured  after  tlie 
manner  of  bohca,  only  in   a  more 

.  carfeless  or  slovenly  way,  on  ac- 
count of  its  little  value,  and  with 
wood  instead  of  charcoal  fire,  which 
is  not  fio  proixT,  and  adds  to  the 
natural  bad  smell  the  tea  has,  from 
the  soil  where  it  grows. 

Leoo-ching,    (or    Ix)otsin,)  -the 

X  name  of  a  place  eight  days  journey 
from  (Canton  5  it  may  prcxluce  about 
l(XX)  peculs  of  tea  in  a  year.  This 
te.i  is  cured  as  bohea,  or  as  green, 
.15  die  market  requires,  but  is  most 
commonly  made  to  imitate  singlo, 
which  suits  it  best. 

Honaii  tea  grows  opposite  to  Can- 
ton ;  it  is  cujed  in  April  or  May 
for  the  Canton  market,  that  is,  for 
the  use  of  tiie  inhabitants  of  Can- 
ton, especially  the  women,  and  not 
f«->r  foreigners.  There  is  but  little 
cf  it,  about  200  peculs.     The  worst 

•  sort  of  it  remains  flat  and  looks 
yellow  :  it  is  latcli(\l  once  to  dry  it, 
but  not  rolled ;  and  is  worth  three 
candarines  the  cattv.  The  best  sort 
is  tatchcd  one.:,  and  rolled  with 
the  hand,  and  tatdied  again  j  it  is 
worth  i\\eh^e  candarines  the  ratty. 
Iliese  teas  are  not,  like  the  bohea, 
after  they  are  latched,  put  over  a 
ciiarcoal  tire.  I'hc  water  of  Honan 
tea  is  reddish. 

Ankoy  tea  is  so  called  from  the 
country  that  produces  it,  which  is 
about  twenty-four  days  journey  from 
Canton.    When  gathered,  the  leaves 


arc  put  into  flat  baskets  to  dry,  llklf 
the  bohe-a  ;  they  are  then  tatcbedi 
and  afterwards  rubbed  with  handft 
and  feet  to  roll  them,  then  put  in 
the  sun  to  dry,  and  sold  for  three 
or  four  candarines  the  catty.  If 
this  tea  is  intended  for  EuropeanSj 
it  is  packed  in  large  baskets,  like 
bohca  baskets,  and  these  are  lieatl^ 
by  a  charcoal  fire  in  a  hot-house, 
as  is  often  practised  in  Cantoa. 
Bohea  tea  is  sometimes  sent  to 
Ankoy,  to.  be  there  mixed  with 
that  country  tea,  and  then  forward* 
ed  to  Canton. 

I'he  \^'orst  sort  of  Ankoy  is  not 
tatchcd,  but  Ankoy  congo,  as  it  is 
called,  is  cured  with  care,  like  good 
bohea  or  congo  :  tliis  sort  is  gene- 
rally packed  in  small  chests.  There 
is  also  Ankoy  peka  3  but  the  smell 
of  all  these  teas  is  much  inferior  id 
those  of  the  bohea  country.  How- 
ever, Ankoy  congo  of  the  first  sort 
is  generally  dearer  at  Canto!\  thaa  • 
the  inferior  growths  of  bohea. 

As  tatching  tlie  tea  makes  it 
sweat,  as  the  Chinese  term  it,  or 
throw  ont  an  oil,  the  tatche  m. 
time  becomes  dirty,  and  Qxuat  be 
washed. 

If  bohea  is  tatched  only  twice, 
it  will  be  reckoned  ^slovenly  cared, 
and  tlie  water  of  tlie  tea  will  not  bfi 
green  but  yellow  -,  so  tliat  fine  bohea 
tea  must  be  cured  as  congo;  the 
coarse  is  not  so  much  regarded. 
.  The  ordinary  tea  used  by  com« 
mon  peq)le  in  tea  countries,  is 
passed  through  boiling  water  befbrt 
it  is  tatched,  notwithstanding  whicii  ' 
it  remains  very  strong  and  bitter. 
This,  father  Lefebure  says,  he  hm 
often  seen.  Tea  is  also  somettmel 
kept  in  the  steam  of  boiling  water, 
wliicli  is  called  by  some  autiuvf  a 
vaj?»ur  batii. 

^nglo  and  hyson  teas  are  cured 

in    . 


NATURAL      HISTORY. 


767 


in  ihe  following  manner :  when  tlie 
leaves   are  gathered,  tliey    are   di- 
rectly tatched,  and  then  very  much 
tubbed  by  mens'  l\ands  to  roll  them; 
after  which  tl)ey  are  spread  to  divide 
them,  for  the  leaves  in  rolling  arfc 
apt  to  stick  togetliet  j  they  arc  then 
tatched  very    diy,    and  afterwards 
Ipread  on  tables  to  be  picked  ;  this 
is  done  by  girls  or  women,  who, 
itecording  to   their  skill,   can  pick 
from  one  to  four  catty  each  day. 
Then  tliey  are  tatciicd  again,  and 
afterwards  tossed  in  flat  baskets,  to 
clear    them  from  dust ;    they  are 
then,  again   spread  on   tables  and 
picked,    and   then    tatched    for   a 
fbiu-th  time,  and    laid    in   parcels, 
which  parcels  are  again  tatched  by 
ten  catties  at   a  time,    and  when 
done  put  hot  into  baskets  for  the 
purpose,   wliere  they  are  kept  till 
it  suits  the  owner  to  pack  them  in 
diests  or  tubs ;    before  which  the 
tfea  is  again  tatched,  and  then  put 
hot  into   the   chests  or   tubs^,   and 
{)ressed  in  them  by  hand.     When 
Che  tea   is   hot  it  does  not   bR'ak, 
whidi   it   is  apt  to   do  when  it  is 
cdd.     Singlo  tea  being  more  du>ty 
than  hyson  tea,  it  is  twice  tossed  in 
baskets,  hyson  only  once. 

It  appears  that  it  is  neccssnr}'- 
%:>  tatche  tliese  teas,  whenever  they 
contract  any  moisture  ;  so  tliat  if 
the  seller  is  obliged  to  keep  his . 
tea  any  time,  e.spcoLilly  in  damp 
weather,  he  must  tatche  iv  lo  give 
it  a  crispness  befure  he  can  sell 
it. 

ft  is  to  be  observed  that  the  quan- 
tity of  leaves  tatched  increases  with 
the  tim<^s  of  tatching  j  at  first  only 
half  or  three  quarters  gf  a  chilly 
of  leaves  are  put  into  the  latches. 
Tunkey  siiiglo  tea  h  the  beit, 
which  is  ovving  l(j  tlic  soil  3  il  grows 


near  the  hyson  country*  Ordin^u:/ 
singlo  tea  is  ueitlier  so  often  tatched 
or  picked  as  the  above  described. 

There  are  two .  gatherings  of  thjC 
singlo  tea^  the  first  in  April  and 
May,  the  second  in  June ;  each 
gathering  is  divided  into  tln-ee  or 
more  sorts  -,  the  leaves  of  the  first 
are  large,  fine,  fat,  and  clean  :  of 
this  sort  there  may  be  collected 
fiom  a  pecul,  froai  forty  to  fiftx- 
iive  catties,  usually  forty-five.  Tlie 
second  sort  is  picked  next,  and 
what  then  remains  is  the  third  or 
worst  sort. 

Tunkey,  like  other  singlo  tea,  is 
made  into  two  or.  three  sorts  3  the 
best  is  sometimes  sold  for  hyson  of 
an  inferior  growth. 

Of  Iiysou  there  are.  also  two  ga-» 
therings,  and  each  gathering  is  disf 
tinguished  into  two  or  more  sorts  ; 
but  as  great  care  is  taken  in  gather- 
ing it,  sixty  catties  may  be  chosen 
from  one  pecul,  when  only  forty- 
five  catties  can  be  chosen  ^om 
siutrlo. 

Hyson  skin,  as  it  is  called,  has 
its  name  from  being  compared  to 
the  skin  or  jkcI  of  Uie  hyson  tea,  a 
sort  of  cover  to  it,  consequendy  not 
so  good  J  it  consists  of  the  largest 
leaves,  unhandsome  leaves,  bad  co- 
loured, and  flat  leaves,  that  are 
amongst  the  hyson  tree.  This  tea 
is  known  in  I/ondon  by  the  oanip 
of  bloom  tea. 

Gomi,  (or  gobee,)  and  oot^ep, 
are  afso  leaves  picked  from  the 
hyson  leaves.  Tiiose  called  gomi 
are  small,  and  very  much  twisted, 
so  that  they  appear  like  bits  of 
wire.  The  ootjiien  arc  more  like 
little  balls. 

There  are  many  different  growths 
of  suiglo  and  hvson  teas,  and  also 
some  diri'ercnce  in  die  manfter  of 

curing 


"res        ANNUAL      REGISTER,    iSOi* 


eiiriiif^  fhcm,  nccorclinpj  to  the  hkill 
r>r  fancy  of  tli<^  rurci* :  this  occa- 
si»}ns  (litVeroncc  of  quality  in  the 
tr.i-i,  n«?  (loos  a'so  a  jrooil  or  bad  fit^a- 
f'.n  :  a  rainv  srnscti,  1(.»v  instance, 
liiMkL".  t):/  i<av(S  yi'liow  ;  a  cold 
srason  nips  the  ti'(x.*rf  and  makes  the 
]ea\  t's  nonr. 

King  t(  a  ir»  so  called  from  th<*  man 
xrho  first  made  that  tea ;  it  grows 
fonr  days  jniirmT  from  the  hyson 
cotiiitvy.  The.  hwra^  (?f  bing  are 
long  and  thin,  iJiose  of  single  are 
short  and  tliick. 

'At'  tritk^  in  toa  arc  innuiihn'nlh\ 
In  the  bohea  conntry,  whrn  tea  is 
dear,  (and  proL*:ibly  they  i:se  tJie 
same  method  in  all  tea  coinitries,) 
they  gather  the  (Wirse  old  h^aves^ 
pass  them  throngh  boiling  water, 
then  cure  iheni  as  other  leaves  are 
cnn^l ;  after  ^\'hirh  they  pound 
them,  and  mix  them  with  other 
teas,  pntting  five  or  six  catties  of 
this  tea  dust  to  ninety-live  catties 
of  tea. 

To  mnlic  Uohca  Tea  Grccrt, 

For  this  pni*])ose  coarse  Ankoy  tea 
Is  g(^nerally  taken :  the  leaver  should 
l>e  laroe.  (Ankoy  is  no  other  than 
the  tea  tree  from  the  bohea  country, 
propagated  at  Ankoy).  Take  ten 
catties  of  this  tree,  spread  it,  and 
sweat  the  leaves  bv  thff>wint;  water 
over  them,  either  h(;t  oi*  cold,  or 
tea  water.  When  the  leaves  are  a 
little  opened,  and  somewhst  dry, 
put  them  into  a  hot  tatche,  together 
with  a  small  quantity  of  powdered 
chlco,  a  tat  stone,  and  tatche  them 
well,  then  sift  tlie  tea  and  it  is  done. 
If  it  happens  not  to  be  green  enough, 
tatche  it  again;  it  is  tiie  freqiient 
tatching  that  gives  the  greon  colour 
to  the  tea  leavers. 


To  itiakc  Green  Bohea. 

Firs*^  water  it  to  open  tlie  leavcji^ 
then  put  them  in  the  sun  to  dry  a 
little,  then  tatche  them  once,  ani 
proceed  to  cure  them  as  bohea  leayesi 
owr  a  charcoal  iue.  Tins  is  seldom. 
done,  because  it  is  seldom  wortb 
doing,  green  tea  lieiug  generally,  the 
dearest;  moreover j  greai  tea  doc$ 
not  make  so  good  bohcai  as  bohea 
does  jjreen. 

Hoping  tea,  already  described,' 
and  which  is  of  the  bohea  kiudji 
after  being  cured  as  bohoa,  is  some-, 
times  ahered  to  green,  and  becomc§  " 
like  the  leoo-cliing,  Ix^fofe  men* " 
tioned,  and  i^  soUl  rft  Canton  td 
ioreigners  tor  single. 

It  is  to  be  observedythat  all  these 
worked  up  teas,  as  they  may  be 
called^  and  teas  of  improiH?r  growdisi 
are  more  commonly  mixcHl  with  true 
teas  for  the  EurojMian  market,  than 
sold  separate  by  themselves ;  so  that 
the  proportions  in  which  they  are 
mixed  make  eombhiations  without 
end.  The  differences  to  be  observed 
in  teas  arise,  from  the  soils  j  .the 
methods  of  curing  owing  to  tJie  skill 
of  the  curer,  sometimes  to  his  car 
price;  neglect  in  the  curing;  using- 
bad  fires  J  uood,  and  that  grecnj 
instead  of  cliareoal ;  sometimes  straW 
or  broom  for  bad  teas  j  and  to.  the 
seasons,  which  should  not  be  too  . 
wet  or  too  drv,  too  cold  or  too,het«  ■ 
llie  Chinese  also  sell  at  Canton  all 
sorts  of  old  teas  for  new,  after  tliey 
have  prepared  them  for  that  purpose. 
either  by  tMching  or  firing,-  and 
niixing  tiiem  with  new  teas. 

Clean  singlo  tea  is  called  pi-cba» 
or  skin  tea.  A  custom  formerly 
prcvailcvl  to  put  fitteeii  or  eighteen 
cutties  of  very  bad  singlo  tea  into 
the  middle  ot  a  chesty  which  was ' 

covered 


NATURAL      HISTORY* 


769 


«bvefed  on  all  sides  by  good  t6a; 
and  this  was  done  by  the  means  of 
four  pieces  of  board  nailed  to  each 
other,  making  four  sides,  or  ^  wejl 
for  the  chest,  whereoa  good  tea  was 
spread,  and  also  Within  two  inches 
of  the  top,  was  drawn  out.  The 
good  tea  was  called  pi-cha,  dkin  tea, 
t)r  the  skin  or  covering  to  the  bad, 
which  the  Chinese  called  the  belly. 
This  method  of  packing  singlo  tea 
has  long  since  been  discontinued. 

The  bohea  country  is  about  twen- 
ty-five easy  days  journey  from  Can- 
ton. The  singlo  about  forty.  The 
hyson  much  the  same. 

Bohea  usually  comes  to  Can* 
ton  at  the  cost  of  9  to  11  talcs  the 
pecul. 

Singlo  and  second  hyson  14  to  18. 

Hyson  30  to  38. 

Congo,  peko,  and  souchong,  very 
various. 

To  these  prices  must  be  added  the 
charges  of  warehouse  room,  pack- 
ing, the  duties  on  exportation,  and 
the  seller  s  profit,  in  a  country  where 
money  is  often  two  per  cent,  per 
month,  and  seldom  less  than  20  per 
cent,  per  ann. 

Bohea,  Voo-yec,  tlie  name  of  the 
countr}'. 

Congo,  or  cong-foo,  great  or  much 
care  or  trouble  in  tlie  making  or  ga- 
thering the  leaves, 

Peko,  pe-kow,  white  first  leaf. 

Souchong,  se-oiU'chong,  small 
good  thing. 

Lee-oO'ching,  the  name  of  a  place. 

Hoping,  ditto. 

Honan,  ditto. 

Ankoy,  ditto. 

Song-loj  ditto. 

Hyson,  he-tchune,  name  of  the 
first  crop  of  this  tea. 

Bing-min,  name  of  the  man  who 
first  made  this  lea. 

Vol,  XLIV. 


Mo-i-shan 


Estimute  of  the  i^altty  ofTeamade 
in  China  iii  a  Year,  taki^n  in 
1756. 

Singlo        -  50,000    peculs. 

Hyson        -  4,000 

{•N  not  ex- 
^'**^  fbohea 
J  sort. 

Bing-ba        -  2,000 

r  "^  lumps, 

Phow-ge-ba      <      2,000  >  bohea 

Bohea,  includ-l  - 

ing  congo>  pe-  I  120,000  to 

ko,    and  8ou*>  |  130,000. 

chong  J 

Ankoy,    bohea,!    0  0^ 

and  green  sorts  j      ' 
Openg        -  15,000 

Ing^aan  •] 

Cow-low,  made^ 

either  in  bohea  >  2,000 

or  singlo  J 

Loot-sien        -       2,000  true  sort. 


J  sort. 


400 1  ^^;^ 

J  sort. 


279,400 


Loot-sien,  true  sort,  is  what  real- 
ly grows  in  tlie  Loot-sien  country. 
Some  tea  is  planted  near  Loot-sien, 
that  passes  for  that  tea,  and  that  is 
the  case  in  all  the  countries. 

Besides  the  teas  before  enume- 
rated, many  other  teas  are  planted^ 
as  in  the  Honan  country,  and 
the  quantities  they  produce  cannot 
be  easily  ascertained  5  but,  upon 
the  whole,  it  is  reckoned,  that  in 
ten  parts,  not  above  three  are  cx« 
ported. 

In  100  Chinese,  it  is  reckoned 

forty  only  can  afford  to  drink  tea} 

the  others  drink  water  onJy.  Many, 

3D        V  wheA 


770         ANNUAL   REGISTER*    1S02. 

when  (kfj  have  boiled  their  rice, 
put  vater  into  the  tatche  in  which 
tlie  rice  \vas  boiled,  to  which  some 
grains  always  adhere ;  the  water 
loosens  them,  and  is  browned  hy 
the  rice  5  that  water  they  drink  ini- 
stead  of  tea. 

The  tea  sent  into  Tartary  is  mostly 
grtcn,  perhaps  in  tlie  proportion  of 
se^'en  to  two. 

Old  bohea  is  reckoned  good  by 


the  Chinese;  in  a  fever  they  oe 
it  to  cause  perspiration,  and  put  into 
it  a  little  black  or  coarse  sogVi 
with  a  little  ginger. 

Old  hyson,  one  or  two  caps 
made>  strong,  removes  obftractiooi 
in  the  stomach,  caused  by  over* 
eating  or  indigestion.  It  is  to  be 
used,  if  a  weight  is  fdt,  some 
hours  after  eatings  and  it  will  re- 
move it. 


USEFUL 


C   -TO    J 


USEFUL    PROJECTS. 


List  of  Patents  for  net 
granted  in  the  Yeai 

ALEXANDER  Brj 
gow,  in  North  i 
.chant;  for  a  method  < 
kinds  of  yarn,  whethet 
len,  cotton,  or  silk,  or 
all  or  either  of  those 
also  aU  kinds  of  clotl 
commonly  called  piece  ; 
.  January  2. 

Thomas  Parkinson,  i 
of  St.  George,  Bloomsb 
sex,  gent.)  tor  an  ap] 
applied  to  engines  fo 
fluids  therefrom.     Datt 

Abner  Cowell  Lea, 
of  Ashton,  near  Birmii 
wicks  hire,  manufactn 
method  of  noanufectur 
niture  for  umbrellas  i 
Dated  January  2. 

Lewis  Jam=s  Armanc 
Paui-street,  near  Fiix 
Middlesex,  gent.j  for  ; 
communicated  to  him  b 
of  reducing  human  exi 
a  powder,  divested  of 
sm':ll,  preserving  at  th 
its  feriilizing  propertie 
ing  land  intinitely  mot 
and  vegetative  than  at 
nuro  hitherto  di^cove 
January  y. 

Robert  Broivn,  of  > 
Kottlng  ham  shire.      In 


772  ANNUAIi  REGISTER,  1802. 

t^inty  and   fAcWi*.}'  than   lias  been  kin,  of  the  town  of  Penzance,  in 

known  or  done.      Dated   January  the  county  of  Cornwall,  gents.;  for 

26.  methods  for  improving  the  sailing 

James    Sharpies,  of  the  city  of  and  nav  igating  of  certain  ships  and 

Bath,  gent. J  lor  new-invented  me-  vessels.     Dated  February  ip. 

chanical  powers  applicable  to  steam  Jofeeph  Nelson,  of  Leeds,  York- 

engines ;  part  of  which  machinery  shire,    clothier ;    for  a  method  of 

may  be  applied  to  otlier  useful  pm-  making  or  manufacturing  woollen 

poses.     Dated  January  28.  cloth.     Dated  February  IQ, 

Thomas  Charles  Baker,  of  Poplar,  Brj'an  Higgins,  of  the  parish  of 

in  the  parish  of  St.  Dunstan,  Step-  St.  Anne,  Soho,  Middlesex,  doctor 

ney,    Middlesex,    millwiight ;    for  in  physic ;    for    an    apparatus  for 

vanes  or  sails  for  windmills.     Dated  heating  air  equally  to  any  requisite 

January  28.  degree,    and   methods   of  applying 

Joseph  Barton,  late  of  Old-street,  tlieair  so  heated  with  peculiar  ad- 

in  the  parish  of  St.  Luke,  in  the  vantage,    efficac}%  and  economy  of 

county  of  Middlesex,  chemist ;  for  the  fuel,  to  the  numerous  purpoies 

a  medicine  which  he  denominates  for    which    stoves    and  kilns  have 

compound  concentrated  fluid  vital  been  heretofore  employed.     Dated 

air,    of  great  use  in  the  cure  of  February  19. 

putrid  diseases,  &C.5  and  another  pre-  George  Holland,  of  the  parish  of 
paration,  which  he  calls  aerated  St.  Andrew,  Holborn,  Middlesex^ 
preventive  fluid,  as  a  preventive  hosier  5  for  a  machine  to  be  added 
from  putrid  infection,  &c.>  also  ae-  to  the  stocking-frame,  for  the  pur- 
rated  liquid  balm,  for  preserving  pose  of  improving  tlic  manufacture, 
and  beautifying  the  skin.  Dated  and  expediting  the  manufacturing 
•January  28.  of  fleecy  hosiery,  and  various  other 

Robert  Dickinson,  of  Long-acre,  kinds  of  hosiery.    Dated  February 

in  the  parish  of  St.  Martin  in  tlie  23. 

Fields,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  George  Bodley,    of  £xeter>  De» 

proprietor  of  Gowland's  Lotion ;  for  vonshire,  iron- founder ;  for  a  port* 

a  new  or  improved  method  of  fixing  able  stove  or  kitchen  for  the  pur* 

the  straps  of  and  to  saddles,  to  which  pose   of  dressing  victuals.     Date4 

the  grrtJis  are  usually  made  fast  or  February  27.  • 

buckle.     Dated  February  ().  George  Hodson,    of  the  city  of 

John  Soutliey,   lord  Somerville  ;  Chester,  ash  manufacturer  j    for  a 

for  a  double- furrowed   plough    fit  metliod  of  preparing  or  manufactur- 

and  proper  for  ploughing  of  land  in  ing   fossil   or  mineral  alkali^  horn 

this  kingdom.     Dated  February  G.  various  substances.     Dated  Febia* 

Charles  Mercie,    of  the  city  of  aiy  27. 

Bath,    music-master  ;    for    slides,  Richard  Pottinger,  of  the  parish 

which  he  calls  air-slides,  to  be  fixed  of   Ealing,    Middlesex,    engineer} 

(o  v/indows,  doors,    and  partitions  for.  an  apparatus  whereby  persont 

of  all  descriptions,  for  preventing  the  riding  in   carriages  may  on  occft- 

extcrnal   air  from  entering  rooms,  sions,  and  in  circumstances  of  im« 

carriages,  &c.     Dated  February  G.  minent  danger,  liberate  themsdvei^ 

Henry  Peimcck,  and  Robert  Dun-  and  escape  impending  mischief,  by 

3  frcxuBg 


USEFUL      PROJECTS.  773 


freeing  the  1 
from  the  ca 
ary  2?. 
John  Lew 

street,    Midi 

for  a  method 
bj-  a  horse  or 
riageor  carr 
Mr.  John 
of  Bristolj  gl 
metliod  of  m 
in  a  more  e'* 
hitherto  attei 
.  Mr.  James 
Mr.  James  J 
of  the  hanile 
wall,  in  the 
rope- makers 
thod  of  mam 

March  9'. 

Obadiah  I 
St.  Maiy,  I,; 
maker,  for 
bourist  sprin; 

improved  cot 
9- 

Thomas  L 
parish  of  St, 
Middlesex,  n 
ker;  for  im; 
tioD  and  co: 
piano-fOTtes, 

Christophf 
Walk,  ill  the 
Surrey,  taiiu 
making  and 
vacuums  whi 
or  obtained 


sKam,  or  va 
applied.     Da 
Peter   Litl 
I^c^shue, 


•n*        ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1802. 

Sunk^,  in  the  ptriah   of  Stoke-  ther  improrementi  ia  pripa1ii(  JOf.  - 

upon-lVent,   Stam)rdiluie,  watcli-  nuimfictiiniw  flax,  hesipt  iSOtt  mi ; 

maker ;  for  an  instnunent  or  appa-  other  mateiiw.     Dated  ^ril  8.    '  - ' 

ratus  for  taking  sonodings  at  sea  Jame*  Biidi,  of  Abenntit,  in  the, - 

with  more  certmoty  and  corroctneti  eodnty  i  ti  GbmOT^n,  amvetj  |^ 

than  heretofsre,  and  for  other  nau-  for  iniprovenienta  in,  or  Mdiliowa- 

tical  parpoaes,    and  matters  con-  to,   tlie  fiirnac^   aa  hilhota  naeA" 

nectea  with,  or  relating  to,  navi-  for  wn^ting  ore,  and  making  pg- 

gation.    Dated  March  24.  iion    Dated  Ar^  i.                    J- 

Homas  Connop,  of  MancbeKter,  John  Gi 

I^Rcashire,  machine-malter  j  for  a  Derbyalure, 

machine  for  batting,  openiiiK.  and  colliery  t  ft 

deansing  cotton,  wocJ,  and  sbe^o-  anpportiiq; 

Wool,     Dated  March  30.  Dated  Apri 

Elizabeth  Duke,  of  Queen-square,  John  Ha 

,  Moor£e{da,  Middlesex,  and  Jamrg  dlescx,  esq 

Jacks,  of  ComtuD,  ia  the  city  of  of  Wi9>pin 

London, merchant-tayloiifed draper;  an  en^e 

for  an  inveotion  commcnicated  to  weightiof 

ihem  l^  a  person  residing  in  Ame^  ing  mills  ai 

ilea,  whereby  they  are  enabled  to  Dated  Apri 

lender  aQ  sorts  of  woollen,  cotton,  James  P 

and  linen  cloths,  canvas,  silk,  hats,  of  Walton- 
paper,  and  other  manui^tures,  wa-  ton-Sfmuta 

ter  proof.     Dated  April  2.  beating  ani 

Stephen  Wells,  ra  the  paridi  of  or  flax.    E 

St.  Mary,  Ijunbeth,   Surrey;    for  Heniy  ' 

hing^  \ypaa  a.  new   constructitni.  Norwich,  < 

Dated  April  3.  thod  of  pre 

John   Leach,   of  Merton-abbey,  and  seeds, 

calico    printer}    for  a  metliod  of    chandise, 

using  maddor  in  the  dyeing  of  ca]i>  by  beat  09 

coes,  linens,  and  stuSs,  whereby  a  housci,  an 

great  saving   is  made  in  the  con-  com,  seed 

sumption    of  that    loot   01  drug.  3!>  may  hi 

Dated  April  6.  hat  or  otfa 

Jaines  Power,  of  Bai^n's-bnild-  Tlionia> 

iogs,  St.  GeorEc's-fieldt,  gent.;  for  Clerkenwc 

a  machine  fortne  purpose  of  raising  diesex,  tM 

wei^ts,  and  for  Tarions  other  pur-  maker,  an^ 

poses.     Datrd  April  7.  in  the  ajt 

llioraas  Parker,  iaXt  of  Broom-  hides  and 

ward,  Lanarkshire,  and  now  of  the        John  1 

cttv  of  Glasgow,  in  North  Britain,  Lancashire 

William  Telfcr,  and  Alexander  Af-  method,    i 

teck,  of  the  said  city,  mathematical  chine  and 

iosUumcnt-makerG }   for  tbnr  fui-.  IfaetAttiof 


USEFVL     PROJECTS. 


o£  wool,  cotton,  and  h 
biry  to  the  car<ting  a 
thereof.     Dated  April 

George  Frederick  Ba 
thin's-lane,  in  the  citj 
(ioctw  of  physic  i  for  ii 
in  the  constructioD  of  < 
the  wheels  of  camaj 
Mays. 

Lawrence  Holliater, 
street,  St.  Maty-le-bo 
ECS  J  for  machinery  fc 
roadn.     Dated  May  5. 

Edwai'd  Tliocnason, 
ham,  Warwickshire,  ra 
lor  an  improvement  on 
Dated  May  ?. 

John  Lawrence,  of 
the  county  of  tiurrey, 
new  method  of  tana 
May  10. 

Richard  Hunt,of  Bull- 
street,  London,  fancy-1 
turer;    for  improveme 
horn  and  chip  hats. 
18. 

Philip  Rusher,  of  Bai 
county  of  Oxford,  ban 
for  various  improvemeo 
ations  in  the  foiin  of  pr 
and  the  ntirmer  in  whit 
to  be  pcrtormed  therew 
diminish  tlie  trouble  am 


May  20. 

Thomas  Pritly,  of  Ha 
Stowmarket,  in  the  co 
folk,  grocer  and  drapei 
thbd  or  invention  of 
banging  certain  springs 
other  app-tratus  to  dooi 
whereof  sacli  doors  ms 
fiom  eithiT  jitiiib.     Ua{ 

John  Whitley  Boswi 
[in,  gent.;  for  a  methi 
ing  or  fabricating  sliip 
fat  imvigatiua.    Dated 


776        ANNUAL  REGISTER*  I'SOS. 

improTemeiiti  in  the  art  t^  ptepar-  Hie  right 'banomdile  ArdAaMti 

injQ   colouring,  and  uniting,   the  eiri  of  Dundonildt;  for  Btocthoddt 

■kins  of  sheep  nod  lambs.    Dated  methods  Of  prepaiii^t  t  rabstitatt   - 

June  26.  «-'Svbstlti 

MatthewMprrajTjOfLecds.York-  other  gur 

shire,  engineer  ;  for  new-comlnned  in  certain 

steam  engines,  for  producing  a  cir-  Sated  Jul; 

cular  power,  and  certain  machinciy  George 

thereunto  belonging,   applicable  to  Ididdleseii 

the  drawing  of  coals,  ores,  and  all  machine  I 

other  mmerals,  ^m  mines,  and  for  water  and 

apioning    cotton,    Aax,     tow,    and  gust  2. 

wool,  or  for  any  other  purpose  re-  Chsriei 

quiring  circular  power.   Dated  June  street,  in 

2B.  chant  ani 

William  Wahmlnr,  ofManches-  inventioii 

.  ter,  in  the  county  of  lancastor,  m«-  in  the  a^ 

chiiie-maker }    for  a  machine  fbr  distilling 

battii.g  and  <^nlng  cotton  wool,  sugar.    X 

eheeps'  wool,  tow,  hemp,  and  flax.  WiUian 

DatHl  July  2.  Dublin,  ei 

William  Barclay,  of  Manchecter-  the  'Consl 

buildings,  in  the  parish  of  St  Mar-  Dated  Au 

garet,  Weitminiter,    derki    for  a  WiUIai 

medicinal  compound,   called,  TAe  square,  A 

Rev. Mr.  BarcUn's  Antibilious  Deob-  chineiy  fc 

Struent  Pills.     Dated  July  14.  peditious. 

Thomas  Wilson,  of  Bishop  Wear-  DatedAu; 

inouth,    Durham,    engineer}    and  Joseph 

Bowland  Burdon,  of  Castle  Eden,  Holborn, 

.in  the  said  coun^,  eaq.;  for  me-  method  o 

thods  of  uniting,  combining  and  con-  alarum,  oi 

necttng  the  metallic  patent  blocks  as  to  aki 

of  the  said  Rowland  Burdon,  for  in  case  o 

the  construction  of  arches.    Dated  gust  10. 

July  23,      "  ■  Archibf 

JohnVancouver,  of  Brook-house,  ferdshirt, 
Warwickshire,  esq.;  for  newly  dis-  turning  « 
covered  materials,  which,  by  cer-  stances  w 
tain  new  processes'  of  manufactu^,  gust  Id- 
are  capable  of  b^^  rendered  a  Joseph 
subi^timte  for  soap.     Dated  July  23.  of  Lisbon, 

Thomas  Sawdon,    of  the  d.iy  of  ton-street 

Lincoln,  wir^-worker  and  com  ma-  Maiy  de 

chine  maker;    for  a  machine  for  for  a  met] 

t:utting  straw  for  fodder  for  cattle,  of  ruptun 

on  principles  entiiel/  QjCW,     Dated  Joseph 

^a^y  33.         '  ^t^hin 


USEFUL      PROJECTS.  77r 

a  method  of  pturifying  metals.  Dated  garet's  -  hill,     Southwark,    Surrey, 

August  31.  lamp  manufacturer  5  and  Nicl^olas 

Joseph    Brindley,   of  Roche3ter,  Paul,    of  Viliiers  -  street.    Strand,' 

Kent,  ship-builder ;  for  a  method  mechanician ;  for  improvements  in 

of  more  effectually  seoiring  ships  lamps   and  reflectors.     Dated  Oo 

beams  to  their  sides.     Dated  Sep-  toberSO. 
tember  20.  James  How,  of  Bovingdon,  near 

Joseph  Landells,  of  Radcliffe,  in  Hemel  Hempstead,  Herts,  former  j 

the  parish  of  St.  Dunstan,  Stepney,  for  a    plough  upon  an    improved 

Middlesex,  shipwright^  for  a  me-  construction.     Dated  October  30. 
thod  of  working  pumps   by  ma-        Thomas  Baraett,  of  East-street, 

chinery.     Dated  September  20.  Lambeth,  Surrey,  mathematical  in- 

Robert  Dickinson,  of  Long-acre,  strument-maker  5  for  an  invention 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Martin  in  the  whereby  a  requisite  quantity  of  air 
Fields,  Middlesex  -,  for  improVte-  will  introduce  itself  into  any  vessd 
ments  in  the  arts  of  working  and  containing  fluids,  or  a  superabund- 
making  of  the  furniture,  accoutre-  aiU  quantity  of  air  therein  dischaige 
jnents,  or  apparatus,  useful  or  ne-  itself  so  as  to  preserve  the  fluid  in  a 
cessary  for  the  employment  of  constant  state  for  use.  Dated  No- 
horses,  or  otherwise  relating  to  the  vember  6. 
same.     Dated  September  27.  Robert  Walker,  .of  Union-street^ 

William  Plees,  of  Chelsea,  Mid-  St.  Mary^le-bone,  Middlesex;  for 

dlesex,  gent.j  for  a  method  of  ma-  dinmg' tables  upon  an  entire  new 

nufacturing  paper  for  various  pur-  construction.     Dated  November  6. 
poses.     Dated  September  27.  Henry  Smith,    lieutenant  in  his 

William Forder, of Portsea, Hants,  majesty's  royal  navy;  for  an  im- 

purser  in  his  majesty's  navy  -,  for  a  proved  vessel  or  barrel  for  a  more 

diving  machine,  to  be  used  abcut  safe  and  expeditious   carriage  and 

^hipping  and  in  stopping  holes  and  conveyance  of  gunpowder.     Dated 

leaks  in  ships  bottoms,  and  for  other  November  13. 
purposes.     Dated  October  2.  Simon  Huguenin, of  Brookrstreet, 

John  Grimshaw,  of  Bishop  Wear-  Holbom,  Middlesex ;  for  a  machine 

mouth,  Durham,   rope-maker,  be-  for  accelerating  motion  with  iittib 

;ng  one  of  the  people  called  quakers;  friction,  to  be  called  The  Universd 

for  improvements  in  machinery  for  tever.     Dated  November  13. 
laying  ropes.     Dated  October  5.  Thomas  Martin,  of  Brook-street, 

Joseph  Bramah,  of  Pin:^ico,  Mid-  near  Brentwood,  Essex,  saddler ;  for 
dlesex,  engineer ;  for  a  machine  for  a  method  of  applying  fire,  by  mei^uui 
the  purpose  of  producing  straight,  of  certain  machinery,  for  the  pur- 
smooth,  and  parallel  surfaces,  on  pose  of  heating  liquors,  and  applying 
wood,  and  other  materials.  Dated  such  liquors  when  heated  to  various 
October  30.  useful  purposes.     Dated  Novembcor 

Augustus  Frederick  Thoelden,  of  20. 
St.  Alban's-street,  Pall  Mall,  Mid-        Thomas  Dawson,  of  James-street, 

dlesex,  esq.;  for  a  mechanical  ap-  Long -acre,    Middlesex,  tin-plate 

paratus  for  supporting   the  human  worker ;    for  a  lamp   or    lantern, 

Jjody,     Dated  October  30.  upon    an    improved    construction, 

James  Smethurst^  of  S^.  Ma^'  Dated  {November  25'. 

ymam 


778        ANNUAL    REGISTER,-    J80S. 

'  WiUiam  Dobson,  of  St.  Clement's 
Panes,  Middlesex,  bardwaremaD ; 
for  machiucry  for  ihc  puijxae  rf 
chasing  away  flies  aiid  venomous 
IDsects.     Dalcd  Kovexahei  2o. 

Marc  Isambard  Bnaicl,  of  Gcr- 
rard-stveet,  Soho,  Middlesex,  gent.; 
for  trimmingB  or  borders  of  moi- 
lin,  lawn,  or  caqibhc.  Dated  No- 
veHiber  2?. 

James  Roberts,  of  Portsea,  Hants, 
mechanic ;  and  Edward  Brine,  df 
the  same  place,  coppersmith ;  ior 
machinery  tor  die  pui-[xwc  of  drag- 
ging or  locking  the  wheels 'of  car- 
riages of  every  description,  and 
for  install  taiieoQsIy  disengimng  the 
horses  thercfron^  Dated  Novem- 
ber 29. 

Alexander  Ross,  of  Bishopsgate- 
street,  London,  periiimn' ;  for  gen- 
tlemen's perucjues  or  wigs.  Dated 
November  2g. 

Daniel  Craanor,  a  native  of  Hol- 
land, but  now  of  the  city  of  Lon-  . 
don,  mcvcfaaiit}  for  a  method  of 
making  verdigris  in  lumps  or  pow- 
der, with  ingredients  the  produce 
of  Great  Britain,  which  will  not 
only  answer  every  purpose  of  fb- 
xeigii  verdigris,  but  can  be  uiied  aa 
a  water  colour  upon  paper,  &c. 
Dated  November  30, 

Willirim  Beer,  of  Ely-place,  in 
the  city  of  London,  medical  pro- 
fessor am  d  dealer  in  medicine;  for 
a  medicine,  and  method  of  sdmi- 
nistering  the  same,  for  the  more 
ettectuariy  and  expeditiously  curing 
the.  gout,  rheumatism,  &c.  Dated 
December  9. 

John  Barnett,  of  Birmingham, 
Warwickshire,  toy-maker ;  and  Jo- 
seph Barnett,  of  the  btnrougli  of 
Warwiik,  in  the  said  county,  cul- 
ler i  for  ji  new  and  improved  me- 
thod of  making  parasols  and  um- 
brellas.   Dated  December  21. 


USEFUL      PROJECTS. 


d  in  preparing  the  paste,  and 
isiug  the  beauty  of  the  dscora- 
The  ware  itself  is  not  of 
fineness  with  the  French  and 
,1 }  tliough  its  workniariship, 
ornaments,  arc  far  superior, 
paintiogs  are,  in  general,  rich, 
yell  executed  j  and  the  gilding 
burnishing  exceedingly  beauti- 

le  J)ody  of  the  semi-vitreous 
,  called  porcelain,  is  fine  white 
combined  with  diflerent  pra- 
ans  of  fluxing  matter.  The 
kind  is  abaoUitely  infusible,  and 
.  for  its  glaze  a  vitreous  sub- 
o,  wifliout  a  particle  of  lead  : 
I  the  paste  is  duly  prepared,  by 
ling,  and  other  operations,  it  is 
gjied  to  the  workman,  whose 
trity  produces  a  variety  of  beau- 
forms,  froiikthe  shapeless  mas$ 
ered  into  fiis  hands.  Hound 
:1s  are,  usually  made  by  a  man 
1  a  thrower,  who  works  diem 
circular  block,  which  ram-es 
■ontally  on  a  vertical  spindle. 
t  him  they  pass  to  the  iathe, 
are  reduced  to  their  proper 
ness  and  form  at  the  end  of 
orhoHtal  spindle.  Afterwards 
are  finished,  and  handled,  if 
»ary,  by  other  persons,  and  are 
conveyed  to  a  stove,  where 
remain  till  tlie  moisture  is  en- 
*  evaporated,  when  they  be- 
!  fit  for  taking.  Oval  vessels, 
as  tureens,  teapots,  &c.  assume 
form  through  being  preui-d 
moulds  of  plaster,  or  gypsujn, 
ind.  The  sai^gars,  or  eases,  in 
h  the-articles  Lire  burnt,  are  va- 
in shape  and  dimensions,  as 
regards  com'eiiicnce.  These 
•/  in  th<;  kiin,  or  oven,  one  upon 
■tlicr,  and  when  piled  up  nearly 
e  top,  h.'ive  somewhat  thu  ap- 
mce  uf  piles  of  cheese.     Wbea 


780        ANNUAL   REGISTER.  1802. 

a.propcr  poristi.  The  highest  finish-  to  become  a: 

ed  wart-  in  this  manufactory  is  fre-  porfance.    . 

(juently  TCtumcd  to  the  enaniel  kihi,  {nrepariDg; 

where  the  coIouib  are  fluxed  six  or  biscuit  kilns 

seven  times  :  the  best  only  is  here  many  other 

lioished  for  sale.  ii^,  to  acci 

The  making  of  hhcaxl^guret,  or  and  increase 

white  ware,  is  peculiar  to  this  ma-  of  the  war 

nufactoiy;    and  the  pieces  them-  when  the  ] 

selves  are  supposed  to  be  equal  in  completed,  i 

beauty  and  delicacy  to  any  others  of  to  OOOO  sq 

a  similaT  kind  tnade    in  Europel  sufficient  ro 

Here  the  lathe  is  of  no,  use,  the  o^  between  i 

figures  beii^  all  cast  in  moulds  of  the  front  al 

plaster  or  gypsum,  into  which  the  17O  feet, 
loaterials  are  poured,  having  pre-        Hie  origii 

viously  been  reduced  to  a  liquid  of  Mr.  &ochei 

the  consistence  and  appearance  of  OU  Shop,  v, 

thick  cream.    The  water  contained  into  a  cotloc 

in  the  mixture  is  quickly  absorbed  sent  in  the 

by  the  plaster,  and  the  paste  be-  Brown  and 

comes  sufficiently  hard  and  tenacious  Cutting  and 

to  part  frpely  from  the  mould.    "Yhti  manuQcturii 

i-arious  pans  of  the  figures,  as  the  spar,  or  blue 

head,  arms,  legs,    &c.    are  cast  iu  a  variety  of  1 

separate  moulds,  and,  when  dried  tuns,  yaaei, 

andrepaired,arejoinedbyaiiaBteof  Tix  machii; 

the  same  kind,  but  thinner  than  the  these  punxx 

former.    The  articles  are  then  sent  construction 

totlickiln,  and,  after  undergoing  A  contrived,  b 

regular  and  continued  lieat,  come  out  verse  motiot 

cx-tremely  white  and  delicate.  be  made  to  i 

This  manufactory,  though  of  five  ^ter,  ap  the 

times  the  extent  of  the   original  substa^ice  ui 

building,  is  insufficient  for  the  num-  require.      1 

ber  of  norkmeir  now  wanted ;  as  stopped  at  pi 

the  attention  paid  by  (he  proprietors  ing  the  molj 

to  the  improvtiment  and  qualities  of  the  warbs. 
tiie  porcelain  has  been  de«er\'edly        When  the 

rewarded  by  a  very  considerable  in-  into  a  vase,  1 

crease  of  business.  Additional  build-  form  that  rei 

ings  are  erecting ;  and  a  varie^  of  necessary,  it 

alterations  are  projected,  which,  if  and  chistel, 

executed  according  to  the  compre-  of  the  obj«i 

hensive  plan  on  which  they  are  pro-  duced,  and  b 

posed,  will  render  tins  manufacture  cemented  b 

not  only  a  source  of  great  individual  screwed  upi 

eiuohuuei)t;  but  Ukewiae  ocouwn  it  motioB  ia  ti 


USEFUL      PROJECTS. 


781 


and  a  bar  of  steel,  about  two  feet 
long,  and  half  an  inch  square,  pro- 
perly tempered,  and  pointed  at  each 
end,  is  applied  to  the  fluor,  on 
wliich  water  is  continually  dropping 
to  keep  the  tool  cold,  preserve  it 
from  friction,  and  enable  it  more 
re^idiiy  to  reduce  the  substance  upon 
which  it  acts.  As  the  surface  be- 
comes smoother,  the  tool  is  applied 
with  more  freedom,  and  the  motion 
of  the  lathe  accelerated  till  the  fluor 
has  assumed  its  destined  elegance  of 
form.  When  the  turning  is  com- 
pleted, pieces  of  grit-stone,  of  dif- 
ferent degiees  of  fineness,  are  ap- 
plied, with  water,  to  bring  the  arti- 
cle to  a  proper  ground  for  polishing 
with  fine  emery,  tripoli,  and  putty, 
or  calx  of  tin.  These  means  are 
continued  till  the  fluor  is  incapable 
of  receiving  a  higher  degree  of  po- 
lish ;  which  is  known  when  water 
thrown  on  it  will  no  longer  increase 
its  lustre. 

The  advantage  of  the  lathe  set  in 
motion  by  the  water  over  those 
worked  by  tlie  foot,  is  said  to  be 
particularly  conspicuous  in  forming 
hollow  vases,  or  articles  of  equal  de- 
licacy. By  the  use  of  the  foot-lathe 
the  fluor  was  frequently  broken,  and 
without  extreme  care  its  laminated 
texture  always  disturbed  5  but  the 
greater  steadiness  given  to  the  ma- 
chinery by  the  water  wheel,  operates 
as  an  effectual  preservation  from  these 
inconveniences.  I'he  great  ease  with 
which  a  slow  or  quick  motion  can  be 
produced  by  the  use  of  the  water- 
lathe,  is  also  an  additional  advan- 
^^tage,  and  tends  consitlerably  to  in- 
crease the  beauty  and  elegance  of 
the  ornaments. 

The  same  wheel  which  gives  mo- 
tion to  the  lathes  for  manufacturing 
the  fluor  spar,  &c.  is  likewise  ap-* 
plied  to  work  tlie  machinery  for 


sawing  and  polishing  marble,  and 
other  purposes.  On  the  vibrating 
poles  to  which  the  cranks  are  ^xed, 
are  sliding  boxes,  containing  sets  of 
saws,  which  are  nothing  more  than 
thin  plates  of  soft  iron  that  drop  ai^ 
they  cut  the  marble.  These  are 
supplied  with  sand  and  water ;  and 
being  moveable  with  screws,  may  be 
arranged  at-  different  distances,  Sd 
that  the  slabs'  may  be  cut  of  any 
thickness.  A  set  of  saws  consists  of 
a  different  number  of  plates,  so  that 
the  block  to  which  they  are  applied 
may  be  sqjarated  at  one  process  into 
as  many  slabs  as  may  be  thought 
necessary. 

The  slabs  thus  'sawn  are  taken  to 
the  polishing  bed,  which  has  four 
wheels,  that  move  on  a  gangway 
with  a  very  slow  motion,  given  to  it 
by  a  worm  and  crank.  One  of  the 
slabs  being  fixed  on  this  bed,  another 
is  fastened  above  it  to  an  arm  at- 
tached to  a  vibrating  pole,  that 
works  with  a  quick  motion  in  a 
transverse  direction.  The  slabs  thus 
moving  in  contact  with  each  other, 
and  being  supplied  with,  sand  and 
water,  soon  acquire  a  level  surface,, 
when  finer  materials  are  employed^ 
as  in  the  working  of  the  fluor  spar, 
to  increase  their  smoothness,  and 
give  them  a  high  and  beautiful  polish. 


On  the  destructive  Effects  of  the 
Aphis  and  Blights  on  Fruit  Trees  ^ 
with  useful  Observations  for  pre- 
venting  them.  By  Thomas  An- 
drew Knight,  esq.  of  lUlton,  near 
Ludlow.  From  the  Transactions  of 
the  Society  for  the  Encouragement 
of  Arts y  Manufactures,  and  Com- 
merce. 

SO  many  wTiters  on  gardening, 
and  Qn  general  agriculmre,  have 

treated 


IBi       ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

truted  on  blights,  and  ao  many  dif-  at  a  ntxa 

fctcnt  theories  have  been  olIet«d  to  S{^it<ert 

the  public,  that  the  subject  may  a{^  at  «ar  pa 

{War  to  many  to  tiave  b(en  already  bavefreqi 

•TttGclrtitly  investigated.     The  m>-  and  of  ta] 

clety,  however,  enterrained  a  cot^'  trees,  on 

trary  opinion  ;  and  having  expressed  the  aphis 

swish  to  receive  fbrther  laibrm^  ibuDdtba 

liou,  I  avail  myself  of  tliis  opportu-  boon  cm 

niCy  lo  lav  before  them  some  re-  hne  at  o 

marks,    which  I  btive  at  difteictit  the  bencf 

times  made  during  several  yean  of  <tf  the  u 

tather  close  attention  lo  the  subject.  -  aboimd,  1 

What  ara  usually  termed  blights,  Havitig  pi 

is  the  vague  and  extensive  signtfica-  lunii^  a 

tion  of  l^t  word,  appear  to  me  to  sects,  jn  I 

aiiginate  from  three  distina  causes :  where  (be 

fiom  insects,  from  parasitical  plants,  it,  I  dose 

and  from  un&vourable  seasons.  clode  all 

The   destmctivc  eficcta   of  die  fell  directl 

■phis  on  wall   trees  ai«    so   weU  sttiutiim 

known,  to  every  gardener,  as  scarce-  honey  bee 

ly  to  require  description.  The  leaves  CBlVactian, 

curl  up,  the  liniits  drop  oiF,  aod.tl)e  to  be  «iii 

progress  of  vegetation  is  almost  to-  considerab 

tally  suspended.     Much  ill-applied  tained  ma 

labour  is  often  used  by  the  gardener  which  I  < 

to  destory  these  injects,  though  ther^  the  t^is 

«re  not  veiy  tenacious  of  life.     An-  model  of) 

other  more  extensive,  but  less  fatal  insect  had 

disease  in  plants,  the  hcmey  dew,  b  tionof  n»t 

producedby  this  insect  (as  described  with  sn^ 

bytheabb^  Btussier  de  Sanvages).  that  point 

It  has,  however,   been  contended,  pears  to  r 

that  the  honey  dew  is  not  produced  tion  in  the 

by  the  aphis,  but  that  it  is  a  morbid  firstattsct 

exudation  from  the  plant ;  at  least,  ed  as  syn 

that  there  are  two  kinds  of  it ;  be-  h^t  in  tl 

cause  the  leaves  are  often  covered  that  trees 

with  honey  on  trees  where  the  aphis  transplant! 

is  not  fotmd,  and  because  the  aphis  its  attack) 

is   sometimes    found    without    the  of  the  sao 

honey  deCr.     But  to  this  it  may  be  in    t  «  si 

otgected,  that  bon^,   not  bdng  a  nearly  desi 

volatile  substance,  will  remain  on  from  nun] 

the  leaves  till  it  is  washed  off  by  peacfa  and 

the  rain ;  and,  when  moistened  I^  dug  up  a 

the  dew,  will  have  the  appearance  yean,   aai 


USEFUL      PROJECTS. 


some  fresh  mould  round  the  rooU 
(which  should  be  as  lit'le  injured  as 
possible),  a  much  laj^er  quantity  of 
fruit,  and  of  very  superior  quality, 
would  be  obtained.  It  is  unueeessaty 
to  iofonn  the  experienced  gai*dener, 
that  the  tree  should  be  removed  early 
in  autumn ;  that  its  branches  should 
be  considerably  retrenched,  and  that 
it  should  not  be  suttered  bo  bear  a 
heavy  crop  of  fruit  in  the  succeed- 
ing season.  1  have  never  found  aDy 
^ecies  amongst  the  numerous  and 
prolific  genus  of  the  aphis,  which 
was  not  readily  destroyed  on  the 
wall  tree  by  covering  it  with  a  sheel 
of  canvas,  and  under  that  uitroduc- 
ing  the  smoke  of  tobacco.  It  is, 
bowevw,  necessary  that  the  fumigs- 
ticm  should  be  repeated  twice  or 
thrice,  with  intervals  of  four  or  five 
days.  I  have  often  seen  the  addi- 
tion of  sulphur  recommended,  and 
)i^e  known  it  tried,  but  always 
with  fatal  consequences  to  the  tree, 
W  well  a9  to  the  insects. 

The  blossoms  of  apple  and  pear 
.trees  are  ofceu  said,  by  fanners,  to 
tm  blighted,  when  they  are  destroyed 
hiY  insects,  which  breed  withia 
tticia,  or  in  their  fruit  j  and  the 
jnme  term  is  used,  when  the 
jiiiaveB  have  been  eaten  by  the  cater- 
pillar :  but  as  the  insects  themselves, 
,as  well  as  the  manner  in  which  their 
^predations  are  made,  are  extrcmel}^ 
oWious,  they  do  not  prc^erly  come 
Widerour  observation  when  treating 
<rf"  blights. 

Tt^  speciei  of  parasitical  plants 
wlttch  are  found  in  the  form  of  dis- 
tiuv  on  other  plants,  a{^>ear  to  me 
•peatly  to  esceed  the  number  of 
these  I  have  any  where  seen  de- 
scribed by  bounical  writers.  Of 
these,  the  mildew  is  tke  most  comr 
mon  and  obvious.  If  a  branch,  in^ 
fected  witli  this  disease,  be  stnuk 


784         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

known  to  every  experienced  garden-  something  of  this  kind ;  and  by  a!* 

cr,  that  a  plant  under  tlie  most  skil-  most  totally  depriving  tlie  trees  of 

ful  management,   docs  not  readily  lights  creates  that  bli^t  which  he  il 

recover  its  former  vigour,  when  it  anxious  to  exclude, 
has  been  injured  by  exposure,  for  a        As  the  blossoms  of  every  tree  are 

few  hours,  to  a  te^mperature  much  formed  during  the  preceding  sum- 

below  that  to  which  it  has  been  pre-  mer  and  autumn,  they  will  evidently 

viously  accustomed.     It  frequf^i:tly  be  more  p<:rfect    in  proportion  as 

happens  in  this  climate,  when  the  tliose  seasons  have  beeti  faveorable^ 

blossoms  of  our  fruit  trees  are  just  and  as  the  management  of  the  gar* 


expanding,  that  a  very  warm  day  dener  has  been  judicious;  and 

succeeds  a  night  whose  temperature  the  power  of  bearing  nnfavonrable 

has  been  some  degrees  below  the  weather  will  be  proportional  to  theif 

freezing  point  of  water.     In  such  a  vigour,  and  to  the  mattnity  of  the 

day  the  evaporation   from  the  un-  annual  wood,   through  which  tb6 

folding  leaves  and  blossoms  will  be  sap  passes  to  support  them^  the  gaf-  ^ 

greatly  increased  by  the  agency  of  dener  should  be  (thou^  he  rarely  is) 

heat  and  light,  whilst  the  supply  of  extremely  attentive  to  keep  his  treei 

nourishment  is  in  a  great  measure  in  such  a  state,  and  the  brandies  it 

cut  off  by  the  ill  effects  of  tlie  pre-  such  distances  from  each  other>  that 

ceding  night.    The  blossoms  will  they  may  receive  the  greatest  posri- 

nevertheless  unfold  themselves,  but  ble  benefit  from  the  portion  of  ligfit 

will  be  unproductive,  from  tlie  want  and  heat  which  our  shadowy  dinuite 

of  due    nourishment  j    whilst  the  affords  them.   It  frequently  happen 

hazy  appearance  of  tlie  air,  which  in  pruning,  that  too  much  beinil% 

almost    always    accompanies   such  wood  is  left  oa  the  tree.     BifOf 

weatJier  in  the  spring,  will  induce  gardener  ought  to  know,  that  where 

the  gardener  unjustly  to  infer  that  a  himdred  fruits  are  a  suffident  cra^ 

the  ill  effects  he  observes  have  arisen  for  a  tree,  he  has  a  better  diance  to 

from  some  quality  in  the  air  (dis-  obtain  that  hundred  from  t)ne  thoOr 

tinct  from  excess  of  heat  and  cold),  sand  blossoms,  to  which  the  whofe 

which  he  denominates  a  blight.  novu'ishment  of  the  tree  is  directed^ 

The  best  defence  against  this  kind  than  when   the  same  quantity  ef 

of  wet'^her  for  wall  trees,  that  I  be-  nourishment  has  to  support  a'hmi^ 

liove  has  yet  been  tried,  is  a  cover-  dred  thousand. 
i!ig  of  a  double  and  triple  net ;   for        In  standard  fruit  trees«  where  ■• 

by  this  the  tree  is  in  some  degree  advantages  can  be  derived  from  e6» 

protected  from  frost  5  and  tlie  ex-  vering  them,  much'  may  be  done  bf 

cess  of  evaporation,  in  the  succeed-  the  judicious  application  of  the  prufelii 

ing  day,    is  in  a  very  considerable  ing  knife.    The  branches  of  s  tree 

degree  prevented.    Lightning  is  sup-  of  this  kind  ought   to  be  nradl 

posed  by  many  to  be  very  highly  in-  thinned  towards  their  extremitieit 

J  urious  to  the  blossoms  of  trees ;  but  so  that  the  light  may -he  admitted 

1  believe  that  the  ill  effects  which  into  the  centre  of  the  tree  $  but  thtf 

appear  sometimes  to  accompany  it  internal  parts  of  it  should  never  bi 

may  be  more  justly  attributed  to  ex-  so  thin  as  to  admit  of  a  free  currejft 

cessive  heat.    The  careful  gardener  of  air  through  it.    When  a  tree  hai 

often  covers  his  trees  with  mats^  or  been  properly  pruned,  Uoasoms  ant 

ftwl 


UsEFUt     PftOjECTS. 


frtiit  will  be  foiinil  on  every  part  of 
it ;  and,  in  unseasonable  scasonsj 
the  internal  blossoms  will  receive prd- 
tection  from  the  cKternal  branches, 
which  will  be  Unfmitful. 

It  is  particularly  the  interest  of 
e^ery  planter,  to  take  care  that  the 
Varieties  of  fruit  which  he  plants  be 
sufficiently  hardy  for  the  silnation 
in  which  he  places  them ;  for  if  this 
be  not  attended  to,  httle  benefit  will 
be  derived  from  tlie  foregoing  ob- 


Metkod  of  preserving  fresh  Wafer 
sweet  during  long  Voyages.  By 
Samuel  Bent /lata,  E^q.  ii/Que^'s- 
sjilare,  U'cstminster.  From  the 
Trausaclions  of  the  Sodclyfor  Ike 
^couragement  of  Arts,  Manu- 
Jaclures,  and  Cummerce. 


THE  mode  in  which  I  conceived 
freshwater  might  be  presented 
sweet,  was  merely  by  keeping  it  in 
vessels  of  wliidi  the  interior  tinitig  at 

least  should  be  of  such  a  substance  ways  as  sweet  as  when  first  taken 
as  should  not  be  acted  upon  by  the  from  the  source  j  but  in  the  other 
vater,  so  as  to  become  a  cause  of  three  of  the  tanks,  on  boaid  one 
Contamination.  Accordingly,,  on  ship,  the  water  was  found  to  be 
board  two  ships,  the  greater  part  of  more  or  less  tainted  as  in  the  casks, 
tibc  waterwas  kept,  not  in  casks,  but  This  difference,  however,  is  easily 
ig  cases  or  tanks,  which,  though  accounted  for,  by  supposmg  that 
ftey  were  made  of  wood,  on  account     the  water  of  these  tanks  was  con - 

fstrengtli,  were  lined  with  metallic  laminated  before  it  was  put  into 
ites,  of  the  kind  nrmufectured  by  iJiehi ;  for,  in  fact,  the  whole  of  the 
r.  (!^harles  W'yatt,  of  Bridge-street,  water  was  brought  on  board  in  casks, 
under  the  denomination  of  tinned  for  the  purpose  of  filling  the  tanks, 
popper-sheets ;  and  the  junctures  of  and  no  particular  care  was  taken  to 
the  plates  or  sheets  were  soldered  taste  the  water  at  die  time  ^'taking 
together,  so  that  the  lightness  "  ^  -  '^~ 
the  cases  depended  entirely  on 
lining,  the  water  having  no  where  ' 
aqcess  to  tlii;  w-cud.  The  shape  of  ^ 
these  cases  was  adapted  to  that  of 
the  hold  of  tiie  ship,  some  of  thfim  | 
being  made  [o  fit  dose  under  the  I 
VoL.XLIV. 


786       ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 

of  the  tanks,  onboard  one  ship  at  gcnty  a  diving  boiai,  lately  discoverdl 

least,  the   original  water  had    re-  by  Mr.  Fulton,  an  American : 
mained  three  years  and  a  half,  as        '*  I 'have/'  says  he,  *' juBt  been  to 

appears  by  the  certificates  herewith  inspect  the  plan  ,and  section  of  a 

enclosed.     About  twenty-five   gal-  nautilus,  or  diving  boat,  invented  by 

Ions  of  the  water,  which  had  re-  Mr.  Fulton,  sirailar  to  that    with 

mained  this  length  of  time  in  the  which  he  lately  made  his  cunoo* 

ship,  are  sent  to  the  society,  in  two  and  interesting  experiment  at  HavX9 

vessels  made  of .  the  same  sort  of  and  Brest. 

tinned  copper  with  which  tlie  tanks        "  The  diving  boat,  in  the  con- 
were  lined.  struction  of  which  he  is  nbw  cm* 

A  certificate  from  captain  Wm.  ployed,  will  be  capacious  enough  to; 

Bolton,  commander  of  the  said  ves-  conrtain  eight  men^  and  prcmsioot.- 

sel,  dated  Sheerness,  28th*  of  June  enough  for  twenty  days,  and  will  blsr    . 

1800,  accompanied  thrs  letter,  stat-  of  sufficient  strength  and  power  t» 

ing  tliat  the  water  delivered  to  the  enable  hhn  to  plunge  100  feet  uadoif 

society  was  taken  from  a  tank  hold-  water,  if  necessary.    He  has  c6li«  "  ■• 

ing  about  700  gallons,  and  which  trived  a  reservoir  for  air,  which  yitS^ 

his  predecessor, "  captain  Portlock,  enable  eight  men  to  remain  under 

had  informed  liim  had  been  poured  water  for  eight  hours.     Wh^  tb9 

into  the  tank  in  December  179^>  boat  is  above  water,  it  has  two  sailf/ • 

except  about  thirty  gallons  added  in  and  looks  just  like  a  conunon  bo0t.' 

1798,  and  had  remained  good  during  When  she  is  todive^  the  masts'  anl.    * 

tlie  whole  time,  sails  aie  struck*  '  \  , 

The  signatures  to  the  above  ac^        *'  In  making  hh  experiments  ik 

counts  were  certified,  on  the  28th  of  Havre/  Mr.  Fulton  not  only  renuufir^ 

June   1800,    by  the  rev.  C.  Thee,  ed  a  whole  houf  imder  water  wittj^ 

minister  of  Sheemess.  th^ee  of  his  companions*/  bat  kqp4S , . 

In  a  letter,  dated   January  27,  his  boat  parallel  to  t&e  hotizon  |%- 

fjcncral  Bentham   also  states,  that  any  given  depth.    He  proved  thl^ 

the  water  which  had  been  presented  the  compass  points  as  correctly  tOk^' 

sweet  on  board  his  majesty's  sloops  der  water  as  on  the  surface,  and  tt||i||  s 

AiTow  and  Dart,  and  of  which  he  while  under  Water,  the  boat  mach^/  ■ 

had  sent  specimens  to  tlie  society,  way  at  the  rate  of  half  a  leagjie  a^i    • 

was  taken  from  the  well  of  the  king's  hour,  by  means  contrived  for  ijaii^ 

brewhouse  at  Weevil,  from  whence  purpose.  «  ^'  , 

ships  of  war,  lying  at  or  near  Ports-        "  It  is  not  twenty  years  since  dl 

mouth,   are  usually  supplied  with  Europe  was  astonished  at  the  fl^'    ■ 

water  for  their  sea-store,  as  well  as  ascension  of  men  in  balloons :  poytt; 

for  present  use,  haps  in  a  few.years  they  will  notbil 

^ ^  less  surprised  to  see  a  flotiila  of  dit^  * . 

ing  boats,  which,  on  a  given  sigvHytf 

Account  of  a  Div'mg  Boat,  Bb^U  to  avoid  the  pursuit  of  an  enfft 

my,  plunge  under  water,  and'rii^ 

CmZEN  St.  Aubin,  a  man  of   again  several* leagues  from  theflaop 

letters  at  Paris,  and  member  where  they  descended, 
of  the  tribunate,  has  given  the  fol-        "  The  invention  of  baQoons  hit 

lowincr  acconnt  of  the  bateau  pkn^  Litherto  been  of  no  adyantage, .  b^f 

I  .  mm 


*,  I- 

'    ^    nt      ■:■■.  k 


USEFUL   .  PROJECTS,  787 

taiisft  no  means  have  been  found  to  and  evident  benefits,  which  the  div- 

Hirect   tboir  course.      But  if"  such  ing  boat  at  present  promises.     But 

means  could    be  discovered,  what  who  can  see  all  the  conjet^uences  of 

■would  become  of  camps,  cannon,  this  discovery,  or  the  improvements 

fortresses,  and  ilie  whole  art  of  war?  of  which  !t  is  susceptible  >  Mr.  Fiil- 

"  But  if  we  have  not  snccejcded  ton  has  already  added  to  his  boat  a 

in   steering   tlie  balloon,  and  even  machitiP,    by-  means  of  which  Ijc 

were    it    impossible  to  attain  tliat  blew  np  a  lar^e  boat  in  the  port  of 

object,  the  case  U  diferent  with  the  Brest ;    and  if,    by   future  experi- 

diving  boat,  wbich  can  be  conducted  meiits,    the   same  effect  could    be 

MTider  water  in  tlie  same  manner  as  produced  on  frigates  or  ships  of  tlie 

tipon  the  surface.    It  has  the  advan-  line,  what  will  become  of  mariiiine 

tage  of  sailing  like  a  common  boat,  warsj    and    wh«e    will  sailors  be 

and  also  of  diving  when  it  is  pur-  found  to  man  sliijw  of  war,  when  it 

sued.     With  these  qualities  it  is  fit  is  a  physical  certainty,  that  they  may 

for  carrying  secret  orders,  to  succour  ei'ery  moment  be  blown  intj  the  air 

a  blockaded  port,  and  to  ei^imine  ilie  by  means  of  a  diving  boat,  against 

force  and  position  of  an  enemy  in  which  nohunianforcsightcanguard 

their  own  harbours.   Thtise  are  sure  tJiem?" 


788         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


ANTIQUITIES. 


^i.count  i»f  (he  EstaUishment  of  re- 
gidar  Theatres  in  England,  from 
their  earliest  Period  to  the  Dtaih 
'  '2/  Qti^^fi  Eliza  let  h.  From  the 
Prolegomena  to  Heed's  Edition  of' 
Steevetis's  Shakespeare, 

THE  year  15/4  is  probably  the 
epoch  of  the  first  establish- 
mrnt  of  a  regular  company  of 
players.  It  was  ou  the  10th  of 
May  1574,  that  llie  influence  of 
the  earl  of  licicestcr  obtained  for 
his  servants,  James  Burbadgc,  John 
Parkyn,  John  Lanham,  William 
Johnson,  and  Robert  Wilson,  a  li- 
cense, under  the  privy  seal,  "  to  ex- 
ercise the  faculty  of  playing  tlirough- 
out  tlie  realm  of  England."  I^J- 
cester  was  not  a  man  who  would 
allow  the  queen's  grant  to  be  im- 
pugned, or  his  own  servants  to  be 
opposed.  And  his  influence  pro- 
cured, probably,  directions  from 
the  i)ri\y  council  to  the  lord  mayor, 
on  the  2'id  of  July  1.074,  "  to  ad- 
mit the  comedy  players  within  the 
city  of  London  ;  mid  to  be  other- 
wise favourably  usrd." 

But  the  '/»al  of  the  lord  mavor 
neither  darkened  the  gaiety  of  the 
city,  nor  obstructed  the  operations 
of  the  players,  so  nuich  as  did  the 
plague  j  which,  iii  that  age,  fre- 
cjuently  afHicted  the  nation  with  its 
uc£trucii\  e  ravages.    During  several 

3 


years  of  Elizabeth's  reign,  the  privy 
council  often  gave  directions  for  re- 
straining players  witliin  the  city 
and  its  vicinage;  on 'account  of  the 
frequent  pestilence,  which  was  sup- 
posed to  be  widely  propagated,  by 
the  numerous  concourse  of  people 
at  tlieatrical  representations.  It  is 
to  this  cause  Uiat  we  ought  to  at-^ 
tribute  tlie  many  orders  which  were 
issued  under  the  prudent  govern- 
ment of  Elizabeth  with  regard  to 
players  5  and  which  are  contradic- 
tory in  N  appearance,  more  than  in 
reality :  when  the  city  was  sickly, 
the  playhouses  were  shut,  when 
the  city  was  healthy,  they  were 
opened  j  though  dramatic  entertain- 
ments were  not  always  allowed  in 
the  dog-days. 

Among  those  expedient  orders 
the  privy  council  required  tlie  lord 
mayor,  on  the  24th  of  December 
35/8,  *Mo  suffer  the  children  of 
her  majesty's  chapel,  the  ser>-ants  of 
the  lord  cliamberlain,  of  the  earl 
of  Warwick,  of  the  earl  of  Lei- 
cester, of  tlie  earl  of  Essex,  and 
the  children  of  i'aul's,  and  no  com- 
panies else,  to  exercise  plays  within 
the  city  ;  whom  their  lordships  have 
only  allowed  thereunto  by  reason 
t!at  the  companies  -aforenamed  arc 
apix)inted  to  jilay  this  Christmas 
b(fure  her  majesty.''  Yet,  it  is 
suid,  that  llicrc  w  ere  then,  witliin 

the 


ANTIQUITIES.  T89 

tlie  city,  eight  ordinary  places,  for    lier  against  the  stage  in  more  mo- 
playing  publicly,  to  tlie  gt 
poverishmeiit  of  tlie  people 

No  sooiu!r  was  the  drar 
tected  by  tlie  wise  ministers 
zabetb,  who  distinguished, 
between  the  use,  and  the  a 
every  institution,  than  pi 
players  were  persecuted  by 
ritaiis,  whose  «ninity  may  b 
up  to  the  publication'  of  Tl 
y  Geneva,  which  prohibitc 
plays  ai  sinful.  I:i  1574, 
uf  C/imlian  Pdky  was  dn 
of  the  French,  and  dedk 
lord  Burleigh,  by  Geoifry 
Goison  printed  his  Sdtool  o, 
in  15/8,  which  was  dedii 
sir  Philip  Sj'dney,  by  wl 
was  disdainfully  rejected.  I 
John  Norihbrooke  publishct 
tise,  wherein  dldng,  dauncin 
plates,  or  enterludes,  with  oi 
pastimes  were  reprooued. 
exhibited  bis  Anatomie  of  Ai 
1583 ;  showing  'the  wkkd 
stage  playen  and  enleriude 
churcbes  continually  resoun< 
declamations  against  the 
And,  in  I5g2,  tbe  vanity  . 
lawfulness  oi'plaief,  and  tm 
were  mainLiined,  in  the  ui 
of  Cambridge,  by  doctor  R 
against  doctor  Gager,  the  i:o 
(Irdraatist.  Tli;s  academic 
troversy  was  soon  followei 
kind  of  theatrical  rescript 
form  of  a  Letter  to  tbe  vie 
cellor  of  Canibridge,  from  tl 
council,  dated  at  OaiJands, 
29th  of  July  15(>3}  the  sar 
in  which  appeared  thu^rst 
Shakespeare's  invcnl'mi. 

From  this  outcry  agai) 
drama,  loud  as  it  was,  and 
it  coutliiued,  some  good  efl 
suited  ;  as  there  did  from  3 
outcry,  which  was  raised 


^90        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

tillo?i  of  learwanh.     On  the  3(1  of  panics,  that  Incited   honest    merri' 

December  J  581,  the  players  stated  7ne?it,  during  Elizabeth's  da}'s,  an^ 

their  iWr^c.  to  the  privy  council ;  re-  wtt^.  regarded  as  objects  of  cpnsi-: 

presented  I  heir  p'or  estates^  as  hav-  deration,    by    some   of  the    wisest 

mg  no  (iher  nr  ans  to  sustain  their  ministers  that  have  ever   govenie^ 

wives  and  cliildren,  but  their  ex-  England,    who  would  not  wish  to 

crcise  of  playing  ;  showed,  that  the  know  a  little  more  ?   X^e  children 

sickness  within  the   city  were  well  pf  St.  Paul's  appear  to  have  fonned 

slach'd;  rind  prayed  that  their  lord-  a    company   in    very  early   timesj 

ships  Nvould  grgnt  them  license   to  At  the  accession  of  Elizabeth,  Se- 

use    their    playing   a';   heretofore  ;  basth-m  Wc^tcott  was    the    mastet 

the  privy  council,    thereq^on,    for  of  those  children.     With  his  boyish 
those  considerations,  and  rccgllect-  "  actors    he   continued    to    entertaiq 

ing  also,  *'  that  they  were  to  pre-  that  great  queen,  and  to  be  an  ob- 

sent  certain  ])lays  l)efore  the  quejfn's  jeet  of  favour  and  reward,  till  thQ 

majesty,  for  her  solace,  in  the  en-  year  1586.     Tic  was  succeeded,  a^ 

suiui^  Christinas,"  grarteJ  tlieir  pc-  master  of  the  children  of  Paul's,  by 

tiiion  j  ordering  the  lord  mayor  to  "J'^omas  Giles,    who  in  the   same 

permit  them  to  exercise  their  trade  manner  tried  to  pleage,    and  was 

of  p'aying,  as   usual.     On  the  22d  equally    rewarded     fcr    his    pains. 

of  April  3  5S2,  this  order  was  ex-  Thomas  Giles  was    succeeded,    in 

tended  for  a  furtlier  time,  and  en-  l6op,    by  Edward    Piers,    as   thci. 

forced  l)y  v/cightier  considerations  5  master  of  tlie  children   of  Paul's, 

for  honest  recreation  sake y  .diuA'm  xQy  who  was   to  instruct  thein  in    tlw 

spect,    that  her  majcsti/  sojiiet ivies  theory  of    music    and  direct  them 

taketh    deliglU    in    these    pastimes,  ''  to  hold,  as  't  were,  the  mirror  up 

Yet  the  privy  council  did  not,  in  to  nature.*'     The  establishment  of 

their  laudable  zeal  for  honest  recr^-  the  children   of  her   majesty's   ho-z 

ation,  depart;  in  the  least,  from  ac-  iiournhle  chapel  seems  to  have  beoq 

customed  prudence  j    requiring,   as  formed  on  the  plan  of  the  childreq 

essential    conditions    of   removing  of  St.  Paul's.     Richard  Bower,  who 

those  restrictions,  that  the  comedies  had  presided  over  this  honourable 
and  interludes  he    looked    into    for    chapel   under  Henry  VIII.,  cohti^ 

matter,  w  hich  might  breed  corrup-  nued  to  solace  Elizabeth,   by   the 

tion  of  manners  5  and  that  fit  per-  singing  and  acting  of  the  children 

sons  might  be  appointed,  for  allow-  oi  the   chapel,  till  1572.     Jlichart} 

ing  such  p]:\vs  only,  as  should  yield  Bower  was  then  succeeded,  in  his 

no  example  of  evil.     We  shall  find,  office,  and  in  those  modes  of  pleas* 

in  our  progress,  that  regular  com-  ing,  by  John  Ilonnys.     Tliis  master. 

missioners  were  appointed  in  15S9,  "^^s  followed  by  William  Hiuijiisi' 

for  reviewing   the   labours   of  our  one  of  the  geiu  1< -men  of  the  chapel  j 

dramatists  j  for  allowing  the  lit  and  who  not  only  endeavoured  to  glad» 

rcjt^ting    the    unmannerly;    which  den   life  by  the  acting  of  his  chil- 

appoinitnent    Kcems   to    be  only  a  dren,    but    to    improve    it   by  the 

3y^te:r,ntic   improvement   of  queen  publication  of  the  penitential  psalms, 

Elizabeth's  ecclesiastical  injunctions  with  apprr.priate  music.   The  chil-  - 

ip  K'iop.  dren  of  Westminster  had  for  their 

Of  such  players,  ar4  suph  com-  director   John   Taylor,    from   the 

yenr 


j^ 


ANTIQUITIES.  791 

year  ISGS,  for  a  long  succession  of  some  othfr  peer,  who,  like  him, 
thentricul  seasons.  And  the  children  was  ambitions  of  giving  and  receiv- 
of  If-'iiulsor  were,  in  the  same  man-  ing  the  pleasures  of  the  stage. 
iicr,  employt\l  by  Itichard  Fciraiit,  In  1575,  ajipeared  at  the  head 
-during  Eii7,al«;lli's  residence  there,  of  the  earl  ot  Warwick's  companjr 
"  to  ejse  the  anguish  of  a  torturing  Laurence  Dutton,  who,  as  they  did 
hour."  not  distinguish  themselves,  cannot 

It  was  from  those  nurseries  that  be  much  distinguished  by  the  his* 
many  a  cyon  was  grafted  into  the 
more  regitlai*  conipajii^js  of  players- 
During  (he  iniancy  of  the  drama, 
the  players  «'ere  driven,  by  the 
penalties  of  t!ie  statutes  against 
vagabonds,  to  seek  for  .s4iclter  imdcr 
private  patronage,  by  entering  them- 
selves, as  seivants,  to  the  greater 
peers,  and  even  to  the  middling 
sort  of  grntJemcn.  At  the  acces- 
sion of  Elizabeth,  the  lord  Holwrt 
Dudle)''s  players  became  conspi- 
cuous. When,  by  his  influence, 
they  were  incorfwrated  into  a  re- 
gular compativ  in  1574,  their  lead- 
prs  were,  James  Eurbadge,  John 
Perky n,  John  I^nham,  WJlHanj 
Johnson,  ai.d  Robert  Wilson.  None 
pf  diefie  njse  to  eminence,  or  contri-  ■ 
buled  much  to  the  advaiu:ement  of 
the  stage.  When  tlie  earl  of  Leices- 
ter died,  in  Sepienit>er  1538,  they 
were  left  to  look  fcr  prptetlipn  In)iq 
a  new  master. 

In  15/2,  sir  Robert  Lane  had 
theatrical  servants,  at  the  head  of 
whom  was  Lvrarcnce  Dutton,  who 
appears  tu  Itave  joined  the  earl  of 
Warwick's  company ;  but  Lane's 
servants  seem  not  tu  have  long  con- 
tinued, either  to  proiit  by  pleasing 
({tilers,  or  to  please  themselves  by 

In  1572,  lord  Clinton  entertained 
dramatic  servants,  who,  as  ihey 
did  little,  have  left  little  for  die 
historian  of  Uic  stage  to  record- 
When  the  lurd  Clinton  died,  on  the 
l6tii  of  January  1584-5,  those 
ecrvaats  fotiud  shelter  probably  froi^ 


792 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


In  1579,  the  earl  of  Dai  by  enter- 
tained a  company  of  comedians, 
vbich  had  at  its  bead,  in  15i)9, 
Bobert  Erown,  to  wliom  William 
Slyc  devised,  in  l6oy,  bis  share  in 
the  Globe. 

In  1585,  the  queen  bad  certainly 
a  company  of  players,  wliicb  is  said, 
without  sufficient  authority,  to  have 
been  formed,  by  the  advice  of  Wal- 
singham,  in  1581.  The  earliest 
payment  which  appears  to  have  been 
made  to  tlie  queen's  company,  was 
issued  on  the  6th  of  March  1585-6. 
And,  in  March  1589  90,  J^^n 
Duttt)n,  who  w  as  one  of  lord  War- 
wick's company,  and  John  Lan- 
bam,  who  belonged  to  lord  Lt'ces- 
ter's,  appear  to  have  been  at  the 
head  of  ii]\z:ih*:th*s  company,  which 
must  be  dstin^^uished  from  the  an- 
cient establibhment  of  the  house- 
hold, that  received  a  salary  at  the 
exchequer  witliout  performing  any 
duty  at  court. 

In  1591,  tlie  lord  admiral  had  a 
company  of  comedians,  who  began 
to  act  at  the  Rose,  on  the  14th  of 
^lay  15945  and  who  had  at  its 
head,  in  1598,  Robert  Shaw  and 
Thomas  Downton.  Connected  with 
them,  in  tlie  management  and  con- 
cerns of  the  company,  were  PhiJ!i> 
Henslow  and  Edward  Alleyn  5  two 
persons,  who  are  better  known, 
and  will  be  longer  remembered  in 
the  tlieatrical  world.  At  the  ac- 
ces-^sion  of  king  James,  the  theatrical 
servants  of  the  lord  admiral  had 
the  honour  to  be  taken  into  the 
sen- ice  of  Henr}'- Frederick,  prince 
of  Wales. 

In  1592,  the  earl  of  Hertford  en- 
tertained a  company  of  theatrical 
servants,  who  have  left  few  ma- 
terials for  Uic  theatrical  remem- 
brancer. 

In  1503,  the  carl  of  Pembroke 


sheltered,  in  tlie  like  manner,  nndev 
his  protection,  a  company  of  personSj^ 
who  equally  made  a  profession  of 
acting,  as  a  mode  of  livelihood^ 
and  \\h(>  were  more  desirous  of 
profit  than  emulous  of  praise.  This 
company  began  to  play  at  the  Bose, 
on  the  28th  of  October  I6OO. 

I'he  earl  of  Worcester  had^so 
a  company  of  theatrical  sen'ants^ 
who.  at  the  accession  of  king  James^ 
had  the  honour  to  be  entertained  fay 
queen  Aime  in  the  same  capa« 
city. 

Thus  we  see,  in  this  slight  enu« 
meration,  fifteen  distinct  compaotea 
of  players  5  who,  during  the  pnH 
tected  reign  of  Elizabeth,  and  in 
the  time  of  Shakespeare,  succes* 
sively  gained  a  scanty  subsistence, 
by  lascivious  pleasing.  The  demise 
of  tlie  queen  brought  along  with  it 
the  di;>solution  of  tliose  companiesji 
as  retainers  to  die  great :  and  ve 
shall  find,  that  the  accession  of  king  ' 
James  gave  rise  to  a  theatric  po-i 
licy  of  a  difl^rent  kind.  The  ad||^ 
of  parliament,  which  took  away 
from  private  persons  the  pri\'ilego 
of  licensing;  players,  or  of  protectixf 
strolling  actors  from  the  penalties 
of  vagrancy,  put  an  end  for  ever 
to  the  scenic  system  of  prior 
times. 


Account  of  Haddon  Hatty  in  Derhf% 
shire.  From  Britton  and  Bra^ 
leys  Beauties  of  EngloMd  aul 
IVales. 

HADDON  HALL,  the  truly 
venerable  mansion  of  his  grace 
the  duke  of  Rutland,  is  situated 
about  t^'o  miles  south  of  Bakewell^ 
on  a  bold  eminence  which  rises  oa 
the  east  side  of  the  river  Wye,  and 
overlooks  the  plea&^t  \^  (if  Hadv 

40Q« 


ANTIQUITIES.  793 


don.  This  is  tlie  most  com[ 
eur  ancient  baronial  resident 
retpaining  j  and  though  not 
«ent  inhabited,  nor  in  ver) 
repair,  is  extremely  iiiteresl 
the  antiqUi-iry,  froin  ihc  man 
cations  it  exliibits  of  the 
and  hospitality  o 
s,  and  of  ihc  incon^ 
yet  social  arrangcnient  by 
their  mode  of  lite  was  reguJ; 

The  high  turrets  and  en 
-ments  of  this  mansion,  wh 
held  from  a  distance,  give 
resemblance  of  a  strong  fo 
-and  even  on  a  nearer  appro 
apparently  confines  the  idea 
though  thus  castellated,  and  i 
Ing  the  forms  of  regular  defe 
was  never,  even  in  its  origin, 
struction,  furnished  with,  any 
ofeftisciual  resistance.  It  c 
of  numerous  apartments  and  > 
etectcxl  at  diftcreni  period! 
suirounding  two  paved  quadri 
courts.  The  most  ancient  ] 
the  tower  over  the  gateway, 
east  side  of  the  upper  quadi 
this  was  jirobahly  built  abf 
reign  of  Edward  the  Tliird 
there  is  no  evidence  by  wh 
precise  date  can  be  ascet 
'i'he  chapeJ  is  of  Henry  the 
tiinc :  and  the  tower  at  the 
west  corner,  on  which  a: 
arms  of  the  ^'emons.  Pipe; 
is  nearly  of  the  same  period, 
gallery  was  erected  in  the  r< 
queen  Elizabeth,  after  the  d< 
sir  George  Vernon  :  sonie  i 
offices  are  more  modern ;  V 
any  portion  of  the  biiiidini 
a  date  subsequent  to  ciie  scvui 
century, 

i'hc  principal  entrance  j 
north-west  angle,  is  under 
tO^er,  tbrovigh  a,  large  archei 


94        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802/ 


a7;artmcnt  hang  "wliIi  arras,  antl  be- 
hind it,  a  little-  ♦'loor,  ojiciiipg  into 
thf^  hall  giilkry. 

On  the  left  c^f  the  pn^sasT,  at  the 
lif-atl  ot  the  prcat  stairs,  are  five  or 
six  very  Inrire  st-mirircular  Steps, 
framed  of  sol.id  timber,  that  lead 
into  the  long  gallery,  which  occu- 
pies the  whole  srnuh  side  of  the 
tecoiid  coiirL,  and  \^  3  10  feet  in 
)enji:th,  and  seventeen  wide.  The 
liooririg  is  of  oak  planks,  affinned 
by  tradition  'to  have  been  cut  oii^ 
of  a  single  tree  which  grew  in  the 
garden.  The  wainscotting  is  like- 
wise of  oak,  and  is  curiously  or- 
namented :  on  the  frieze  are  carv-r 
ings  of  boars  heads,  thistles,  and 
loses  ',  these,  with  the  urnis,  &:c. 
prove  it,  in  the  opiiiioii  of  Mr. 
Kinf^,  to  have  been  put  up  afti^r  the 
hanse  came  iiito  the  possession  of 
Eiv  John  Manners,  yet  brforc  the 
title  of  earl  of  Rutland  descended 
to  that  branch  of  the  family,  in 
the  midst  of  the  gallery  is  a  great 
sq^uare  recess,  besides  several  bow- 
win  Jows,  in  one  of  which  are  the 
trms  of  the  earl  of  Rutland  im- 
p^hng  Vernon,  with  its  quartcrings, 
and  circled  with  the  garter,  &c.; 
and  in  another,  the  arms  of  Eng- 
land, similarly  encircled,  and  sur- 
mounted with  a  crown.  Near  tlie 
end  of  the  gallery  is  a  short  passage, 
that  opens  into  a  room  having  a 
frieze  and  cornice  of  rough  plaster, 
adorned  witli  peacocks  and  boars 
heads,  in  alternate  succession :  an 
/.(ijoiuing  apartnient  is  ornamented 
in  the  same  manner;  and  over  tlie 
chimney  is  a  xcry  large  bas-relief 
of  Orpheus  charming  the  beasts,  of 
bimilar  composition. 

All  the  principal  rooms,  except 


the  galler}',  "  were  btmg  with  Ioomt 
arras,  a  great  part  of  which  still 
remains  -,  and  the  doors  were  con- 
ceale^l  every  where  behind  the  hang* 
ings,  so  tliat  tl>e  tapestry  was  to  be 
lifted  up  to  pass  in  and  out  3  only, 
for  convenience,  there  were  great 
iron  hooks^  (many  of  which  are 
still  in  their  places,)  by  rpeans 
whereof  it  might  occasionally  be 
held  back.  The  doors  being  tbiw 
concealed,  nothing  can  be  conceive^ 
more  ill -fashioned  than  their  work? 
manshipj  few  of  tlicse  6t  at  aQ 
close ',  and  woQdeq  l>o}ts,  rudi» 
bars,  and  uon  hasps^  are  in  general 
tlieir  best  and  only  fastenings  *.** 

I'he  chapel  is  in  the  south- west 
angle  of  the  great  courts  from 
which  the  entrance  leads  under  a 
low  sharp-pointed  arch.  It  haj^  a 
body  and  two  aisles^  diivided  finoni 
the  former  by  pillars  and  pcnnted 
arches.  In  the  windows  are  some 
good  remains  of  painted  glass ;  aa4 
the  date  Millcsinio  CCCCXXVII,  * 
By  tlie  side  of  the  altar  is  a  niche 
and  basin  for  holy  water.  An  an- 
cient stone  font  is  likeiyise  preserved 
here.  Near  the  entrance  into  the 
chapel  stands  a  Roman  altar,  aboa| 
three  feet  high,  said  to  have  been 
dug  up  near  Bakewell.  The  in- 
sciiption  is  pearly  obliterated,  but 
was  given  by  bishop  Gibsop^  a| 
follows : 

DEO 

MARTI 

BRACIACiB 

OSITllVS 

C^CILIAN 

PREFECT 

TRO 

VS. 
The  park,  originally  connected 


Archseologia^  vol.  vl.  page353i 


with 


ANTIQUITIES,  19t 

with  tiiis  mansion,  was  ploughed 
lip  nmi  culiivaled  about  tliirly  ypars 
ago.  The  gardens  consist  entirely  of 
terraces,  ranged  one  above  another  i 
eaclihavinga  sort  (it' stone  iKillustrade. 
The  pros|)c-cti  iVom  one  or  two 
eituations  are  extremely  fine  ;  and 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  house  is 
a  sweeping  group  of  luxuriant  old 

Tlie  manor  of  Haddon  was,  soon 
after  the  conquest,  the  property  of 
the  j'ivvndh,  whose  coheirs  mar- 
ried to  Fviimn  and  Basset,  in  the 
reign  of  RiL-hiu-d  the  First.  The 
Bawets  continued  ti/injoy  half  the 
estate  in  the  timt:  of  Edward  the 
Third.  The  heiress  of  Vernon 
fnarried  to  Franceys,  who  assumed 
the  surname  of  Vernon  j  and  the 
whole  of  the  estate  was  the  entire 
property  of  sir  Richard  Vernon,  in 
Henry  the  Sixth's  time.  This  gen- 
tleman was  speaker  of  the  parlia- 
inent,  iield  at  Leicester  in  the 
year  1425,  and  was_afterwaTds  con- 
stituted governor  of 'Calais,  in  which 
office  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 
who  was  appointed  constable  of 
England  for  life,  and  was  the  last 
person  that  iield  that  important 
office.  Sir  Henry  Vernon,  his  son 
and    successor,    was    governor    to 

priiice    Artiiur,    heir    apparent    to     

Henry    the    Seventh;    and  is  said     ""  ' 

to  have  frequently  entertained  the    Desmption  of  Jerusalem    and  the 

prmce    at    Maddon,       Sir    George         Holy  S^pukhre.     From  Wktnojis 

Vernon,  the  last  male  heir  of  this         Travels  in  Egypt,  ISOi. 

family,    became    so    distinguished 

by  his  hospitality,  and  magnificejit     'T'  H  of  ,  i  itself 

mode  of  111  in;;,  that  lie  was  locally  '     1  i  rocky 

termed  King  uf  the  Peak.     On  his     grn  :  m     ■  1 

dealh,  in  tlic  seventh  year  of  queen    lil  c  in  y, 

ElizahoUi,  his  possessions  descended     howe',  _,     ,ve         '    si 

to    his    two  tiavighters,    Margaret         ,i'       t        ii         ' 

and  Dorotliy  :  tlie  former  married  y  c 

Bir  Thomas  Stanley,  knight,   second  away   > 

epii  of  Kd«atJ,   the  tlurd  ■ 


T96        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 


vnit  it  from  being  washed  away, 
and  by  resorting  to  every  other 
expedient  which  could  suggest  it- 
self. 

This  soil,  which  is  a  reddish  clay, 
wherc\  cr  it  is  of  any  depth,  is  es- 
scntijlly  of  a  good  quality  j  conse- 
c^uently  their  laborious  cfl'brts  had 
been  rewarded,  in  these  partial  and 
chosen  spots,  by  an  aj)undant  pro- 
duce of  fruits,  corn,  and  vegetables. , 
The  grapes  which  were  presented 
to  us  at  our  repasts,  were  uncom- 
jnonly  fine  and  large :  at  tlie  season 
of  the  vintage  tlie  vineyards  niiLst 
have  had  a  pleasing  aspect  in  this 
Jand  of  rocks  and  mountains. 

We  were  told  by  the  priests  of 
an  extraordinar)-^  threat  made  by 
Bonaparte,  namely,  tliat  should  he 
ever  obtain  possession  of  Jerusa- 
lem, he  would  plant  the  tree  of 
liberty  on  tlie  spot  on  which  the 
cross  of  Jesus  stood;  and  would, 
bury  the  first  French  grenadier  who 
should  fall  in  the  attack  in  tlie 
tomb  of  our  Saviour. 

From  the  terrace  of  the  convent 
in  which  we  were  lodged,  we  had 
a  fine  view  of  the  Mount  of  Olives, 
of  Mount  Sion,  and  indeed  of  every 
part  of  the  city,  tlie  extent  of  which 
Las  been  so  much  diminished  in 
modern  times,  tliat  the  circum- 
ference is  reckoned  not  to  exceed 
four  English  miles.  The  walls  and 
habitations  are  in  excellent  repair  3 
and  the  former  are  provided  with 
several  small  square  towers.  Near 
the  entrance  gate  is  a  casde  deno- 
minated David's  Tower,  the  stones 
in  the  inferior  part  of  which  are 
very  massive,  and  apparently  of 
great  antiquity. 

About  two  o'clock  we  went  to 
the  church,  called  the  Church  of 
tlic  Sepulchre,  as  being  built  over 
tlie   holy  sepulciire,    iii   company 


with  the  superior  of  our  convcntj 
with  whom,  I  should  obser\'e,  we 
had  made  an  arrangement  to  visit 
Bethlem  on  the  following  morning. 
Escorted  by  several  of  the  reverend 
fathers,  wo  passed  tlirough  a  solemn 
and  grand  entrance,  into  a  lofty  and 
capacious  building  (somewhat  less 
than  an  hundred  paces  long,  and 
not  more  than  sixty  wide),  sup- 
ported by  several  very  large  marble 
pillars  of  the  Corintliian  order,  and 
the  dome  of  which  was  built  of  the 
cedar  of  Lebanon.  PreparatioDS 
having  been  made  for  our  visit  to 
tliis  sanctuar)',  it  Was  lighted  up 
\'viih  more  tlian  usual  splendoaTj 
and  had  a  very  striking  and  awful 
eflect.  In  the  centre  of  the  build- 
ing  is  die  holy  sepulchre,  which  is 
now  cased  over  with  marble  for  its 
better  preservation.  But  for  this 
precaution,  indeed,  it  would  ere 
this  have  been  broken  into  frag* 
ments,  which  the  pilgrims  would 
have  carried  ofFas  so  many  precious 
relics.  The  sepulchre,  we  are  told, 
was  at  first  a  cave  hewn  in  the 
rock  under  ground  ;  but  the  nock 
having  been  since  cut  away  in  every 
direction,  it  appears  now  id  t|ie 
form  of  a  grotto  above  ground.  Iq 
bestowing  on  it  a  close  inspectioHj 
we  met  with  the  stone  on  which 
they  told  us  the  angel  was  seated 
when  Mary  sought  the  body  of 
Jesus.  This  stone  had  been  re» 
mo\ed  from  tlie  entrance.  The 
small  building,  or  chapel,  ip  which 
the  sepulchre  is  enclosed^  was 
lighted  by  several  large  and  hand- 
some  lamps,  a  certain  number  of 
which  are  always  kept  burning. 
We  were  next  conducted  to  all  the 
interesting  places  which  respected 
our  Saviour  previously  to  his  death  ; 
such  as  the  spot  where  he  was  con» 
fined  bcfpre  his  trial  and  condemn 

patipni 


ANTIQUITIES. 


nation ;  that  where 
ed,  and  the  crown 
on  his  htad;  that 
nailed  to  tlie  cross, 
the  fissure  in  the  i 
rent  by  the  earthqu; 
he  gave  up  the 
with  the  place  whi 
cast  lots  fur  his  gar 
spot  where  his  h 
bnhned. 

The  whole  of  thi 
building,  in  whic 
Latins,  Arnieniani, 
eaeh  rcspeciively  :i 
on  Mount  CaUar)' 
each  of  tliese  chapel; 
which  was  built  by 
mother  of  Cons  tin 


which  was  fnriiierl 

the  crass.  In  the 
Greek  chapel  stand! 
fixed  on  the  grou 
Greek  priests  lold 
placed  in  the  centre 
buildings,  but  in  t 
universe.  This  bei 
built  of  yellow  anc 
and  several  of  the 
verd  anti(|ue.  We 
to  the  cliapel  whe 
Jesus,  tlie  pavemer 
beautiful  marble,  i 
mented  with  nmcl. 

the  tomb ,  of  Eald\ 
Jerusalem,  who  wi 
the  crusades. 

Tiie  beauty  and ) 
buildings  do  great  c 
,  in  which  they  were 
llie  gate  which  led  ' 
structure,  erec(e<l  I 
St.  HeleuH,  in  whi 


798        AnJJUAL   REGISTEil,   1802. 

tbnnigh   the   streets,   the    hmuet  cd;  and  in  « tokrdle  iCate  of  iS£ 

iKOK  thronged  with  people.  pir.     They    contuned,    bowvnTj 

Ai  vre  ai>pro3cbed  the  conrent,  but  little    ^ater    «'hcn   1  viiHted 

in    -which  we  were  received  with  tbtni. 

great  ha'-pitalitv,  we  passed  beneath        The  Aonks,  bj  vbom  wc  vtftt 

tbe  luius  of  an  ancient  gateway,  accompanied,  c(»iudeinl  AeW  fotti 

and  aflctwards  entered  alofiy  build-  or.  basins,  as  on:  of  tbe  fftatSaLiir 

ing,   erected    by    St.   Helena,  an-  tiquities  m  tbe  or""'™ 
oently  styltd  tlw  temple,  but  now        ITiey  art  dtsta 

flic  convent  of  St.  Catharine.     It  nej  from  Betbd 

(S  omameuted   wiib  at  least   fifty  which  leads  to  tl 

loftr  and  beautiful  columns  of  mar-  tirely  of  rocks,  i 

Ue,  of  the  Corinthian  order  j  a.id  pable.    These  b 

bas  on   its  walls  tbe    remains    of  iohabitanls  ofB< 

lerenl  fine  pintings  in  fresco  of  lein  with  water  t 

acriptural  5ub)ccts,  representing  the  ducts,   which  a] 

apo5ik^,  paitiarchs,  &c.  The  beauty  at  the  time  of  oi 

and  synunciiy  of  tiie  temple  have  whatout  of  repa 

been  in  some  measure  destroyed*by  Of  the  pools  we 

a  portion  of  it,    which  they  hare  fort ;    and,    sot 

converted  into    a    chapel,    having  sonrce  or  sfHing, 

been  divided  off  by  the   Greeks,  sins  are  suppjiei 

«4io  received  permission  from  the  well  as  by  me 

Tmrks  to  do  so,  on  their  consent-  sionally  fall  upoi 

ing  to  pay   an  aonual  contribu-  inouutaiDS  dimn 

tion.  son.  - 

After  having  partaken  of  an  ex-        In  returning, 

cellent   brcakfest  provided  by  the  a  valley,  in  wW 

superior  of  (he  convent,  we  went  entitled  the  gardi 

to  see  the  three  surprising  basins  irrigation  having 

bnilt  by  Solomon,  near  to  whi(h  he  the   walcr  whic 

is  said  to  have  ipent  much  of  his  from  tbe  rocks  i 

time.  leyt  the  v^etabl 

The  pools,  orbasins  of  Solomon,  a  veiy  proniisinj 

arc  three  in  ntimber,  and  situated  in  saw  in  the  valley 

a  sloping  hoilow  of  the  momilain,  building,  which 

one  aboie  another  ;     so   tliat  the  been  inhabited  b 

waters  of  tlie  n^^rmoat   descend  bines, 
into  the  second,  and  those  of  the        On    approach' 

fccond    (he  tliird.       Their    figure  general  made  a  s 

is   quadrangular.      The  breadth   is  and   we  foundf 

nearly  tbe  same  in  all,  amounting  sumptuous  d'uim 

to  between  eighty  and  ninety  paces,  at  the  convent. 

In  their  length  they  differ  i  the  first  we  visited  the 

being  about  iSO  paces  long,    the  Saiiour,  a  deep 

second  200,    and  the    thu'd    220.  of  the  solid  ro< 

The  depth  of  each  is  considerable,  by  a  considerable 

Tlu7  are  lined  with  itoiie,  {faster-  in  which  the  n 


ANTIQUITIES.  TO* 

as  every  oOiev  uitr,restiiif(  parlicular,     scripticm   of  drudgery,      TTiey  are 
pointed  uut  to  us.      llie  manger    betrotlied  as  soon  as  they  cuma  inta 
was,  for  tlie  same    reason  as   .the    thewwld;  add  many  atthe  eai-ljr 
sepuldire,  cased  over  with  marble,    age  of  twelve  years. 
to  prevent  tiie  pilgrims  from  mu-        Eetiilem   standing    on  an    em!- 
tilating  it,    and  carrying  ofr  with     nence,    and  on  a   chalky    soil,    it 
them   fragments  of  such    precious    justly  considered  by  the  inhabitants 
relics.     We   M'ere   afienvards  con-    as  possessing  a  very  salnbrious  air  ; 
ducted  to  a    variety  of  memorable    inproof  of  which  I  observedbutiew 
spots,   and,     among  tjiem,    to  tlic    am 
deep  and  immensely  large  cistern,    pea 
into  which  the  bodies  of  the  infants,     casi 
murdered  by  llie  command  of  He-:     Tli 
Kid,    were   thrown.     Near  to  this     thii 
cistern  the  tomb  of  St.  Jerome  was    as 
situated.  iin< 

The  convent  of  St.  Catharine,  In  st« 
which  at  one  time  tw'enty  monks  pro 
resided,  but  the  number  of  whom  Th 
was  now  reduced  to  ^eight,  and  tlie  ma 
Greek  and  Armenirffi  convents,  be-  In 
iug  all  of  them  viithin  the  same  poi 
vSls  and  euclosute,  so  as  to  con-  of 
stitute  one  large  and  ei 
only,  all  the  ever  niejn 

■within  Belblem  wliie 

writings  have  recordei 

■way  built  over  and  pi 
The  inliabitants  of  . 

aist,  for  the  greater  pai 

Armenians,  and    Ara 

to  Christianity.     Amc 

latioii    but    few  Turl 

found,     Tiie  dress  of 

that  of  the  neighbour 

is  eKtreiiH'ly  simple,  a 

a  long  white   chemii 

with  3  girdle  fastene 

waisL     Very    few    a 

sort,    whether    males 

wear  shoes.    The  woi 

ed  in  a  blue  chemise, 

belt  or  girdle,  and  o 

with  a  long  white  veil 

loosely    down    the    I 

complexion  is  vei-y  da 

ing  almost  to  black. 

Ubonous^  and  subml 


800        ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1802* 


about  four  broad,  in  like  manner 
hewn  out  of  tlie  natural  rock.  It 
has  a  kind  of  architrave  running 
along  its  front,  and  althouirh  time 
has  certainly  deprived  it  of  some 
cf  its  beauties,  yet  it  still  exiiibits 
the  remains  of  excellent  sculpture 
of  flowers,  fruits.  Sec.  On  the  left 
liiuid  within  this  portico,  we  en- 
tered a  small  aperture  upon  our 
knees  and  hands  -,  the  passage  was 
become  difficult  on  iiccount  of  the 
accunmlation  of  rubbish  collected  at 
its  moutli. 

We  reached  at  the  commence- 
ment a  ku'ge  square  chamber,  cut 
with  great  neatness  and  exactness 
out  of  the  solid  rock.  From  this 
chamber  we  entered  a  second,  which 
led  to  several  more,  live  or  six  in 
all,  one  within  the  other,  nearly  of 
the  same  description  as  tlie  hrst, 
except  that  in  the  interior  chambers 
there  were  niches  or  sepulchres,  for 
tlie  reception  of  the  dead.  Each  of 
these  ca^  erns  or  chambers  had  niches 
for  four,  six,  or  eight  bodies.  The 
mutilated  portions  of  the  sarcophagi, 
ornamented  with  fine  sculpture,  lay 
scattered  upon  the  ground,  as  well 
as  the  fragments  of  the  stone  doors 
by  which  these  chambers  had  been 
anciently  closed. 

The  lid  of  one  of  the  sarcophagi, 
seven  feet  in  length,  having  on  it 
^laprs,  leaves,  acorns,  and  varioUs 
otlu'r  devices,  veiy  beautifully  sculp- 
tured, was  in  an  entire  state. 

A  door  of  one  of  the  chambers 
was  still  hanging.  It  consisted  of 
a  mass  of  solid  stone,  resemblinjr 
the  rock  itself,  of  about  six  inches 
ill  lliickness,  but  in  si/e  less  than 
an  ordinary  door.  It  turned  upon 
the  hinges  contrived  in  the  manner 
of  axles.  Tiiese  hinges  were  of  the 
same  entire  piece  ot "  stone  with  the 
•ioor.  and   werf  received  into  two 


holes  of  the  immo\^ble  rock,   6n€'' 
at  the  top,    the  other  at  the  bot* 
torn. 

In  some  of  these  chambers  thft 
dead  bodies  \vere  laid  upop  benches 
of  stone  }  others  had  sepulchres  cut 
in  the  form  of  ovens.  In  the  dif- 
ferent chambers  which  I  entered,-  I 
imagine  from  forty  to  fifty  bodied 
might  have  been  deposited.  Whether 
the  kings  of  Israel  or  of  Judah,  or 
any  other  kings,  were  the  construc- 
tors of  them,  they  have  certainly 
been  contrived  with  infinite  iilge-  * 
nunity,and  completed  with  immense 
labour. 

Having  withdrawn  from  these  in- 
teresting mausolei,  or  caverns,  we 
proceeded  to  the  sepulchres  of  the 
Virgin  Mary,  of  her  mother,  and  of 
Joseph,  all  of  them  situated  fn  the 
valley  of  Jehoshaphat,  and  over 
which  was  erected  a  large  stoac 
building,  reconstructed  by  the  Ar- 
menians about  forty  years  before.  It 
was  in  the  vicinity  of  this  spot  that 
St.  Stephen  was  stoned.  To  reach 
the  sepulchres,  which  were  in  the 
interior  part  of  a  cavern,  dug  from 
the  solid  rock,  we  had  to  descend  a 
flight  of  forty-eight  steps.  The  Vir- 
gin's sepulchre  was  lighted  by  lampSj) 
which  were  constantly  kept  burning 
at  the  joint  expense  of  the  Greeks, 
Armenians,  and  Cdpts.  I  brought 
away  with  me  several  small  pieces 
of  the  rock,  cut  in  squares,  which 
the  inhabitants  take  care  to  provide 
for  the  gratification  of  the  curioufl 
traveller.  Contiguous  to  the  build- 
ing erected  over  the  sepulchres^  we 
entered  a  cave,  in  which  our  Saviour 
is  said  to  have  sweated  blood.  The 
monks  by  whom  we  were  accom- 
panied, pointed  out  to  us  several  * 
large,  and  appareflrtly  ancient,  olive 
trees,  which,  they  assured  us,  were 
in  existence  in  the  time  of  our  Sa- 

viom-j 


ANTIQUITIES.  SO* 

viour,  and  which  stood  in  the  front 
of  ihe  building.  We  did  not  ptt- 
Swme  to  question  their  erudition  on 
this  point  of  natural  history ;  but 
could  not  help  admiring  the  atten- 
tion they  bestowed  on  them,  in  en- 
compaaiiing  their  roots  by  stones, 
and  filling  up  the  cavities  of  their  de- 
cayed trunks  witli  the  same  materi- 
als, for  their  better  preservation. 

On  our  quitting  this  spot,  we 
went  to  the  Mount  of  Olives*  a  vciy 
steep  hili,  on  the  east  side  of  Jeru- 
salem, tlie  valley  of  Jehoshaphat  ly- 
ing between  the  mount  and  city.  On 
our  reaching  Its  summit,  we  were 
conducted  to  a  small  circular  bpild-^ 
ing,  in  wtiLch  the  reverend  fathers 
pointed  out  to  us  the  impression  of 
our  Saviour'.s  foot  in  a  sione,  when 
he  ascended  into  Heaven.  TTie 
Christian  inhahitants.wheolhey  visit 
the  Mount  of  Olives,  do  not  content 
themselves  with  saluting  this  cavity 
in  the  stone,  but  also  iTib  on  it  tlie 
fragments  of  marble  taken  from  the 
rocli  beneath,  at  the  sepulchre  of  the 

Blessed  Virgin.  Tlie  >mall  building  the  entrance  gate,  leading  to  the 
erected  over  the  place  of  ascension  back  part  of  the  city.  It  was  there, 
iscontiguou.'i  to  aTurkish  mosque,  the  monks  informed  us,  that  the  . 
and  is  in  the  possession  of  the  Turks,  cock  crew  when  Peter  denied  Christ.  ■ 
who  derive  a  profit  from  showing  its  Without  the  dty  walls,  and  on 
contents ;  and  who  also  subject  the  Mount  Sion,  there  is  a  Turkish 
Christians  to  an  annual  contribution  mosque  standing  on  the  ground 
for  a  permission  to  officiate  within  where  king  David  was  buried,  and 
it,  according  to  their  ritual,  on  where  our  Saviour  instituted  the 
Ascension-day,     At  the  distance  of    Lord's  supper. 

about  an  hundred  yards   from  the     

mosque  is  tlie  spot  where  the  angel  ' 

appeared  to  Jesus,  warning  him  to     j  n    of  in   the 

ascend,  as    his  place  was   not   on         _,,,      ,(,       n„a 
earth,  but  above;    and  where  the         ^    __      ,,,. 
apostles  were  assembled  at  the  mo- 
ment of  his  ascension.     From  the  ^ 

mosque   itself  we  had   a  line  and     

commanding  view    of  Jerusalem,     ^**~     F  '■ 

Mount  Sion,  and  the  Dead  Sea. 

In  duscendiiig  the  mountain,  and 
Vol,  XUV.  * 


80«       ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


ruins,  pleasing  tlic  eye  even  in  the 
midst  of  desolation.  The  circuni- 
ferencc  of  the  wall  must  be  near  four 
miles. 

.  In  the  centre  of  the  sides,  in  a  re- 
gular line,  and  fixed  in  horizontally 
^t  the  distance  of  about  ten  yards 
from  each  other,  are  large  pillars  of 
granite,  but  whether  so  placed  for 
ornament,  or  to  strengthen  the 
wall,  is  not  evident ;  the  inference 
is,  however,  du'ecty  that  tliese  di- 
vided columns  formerly  belonged  to 
a  city  much  more  ancient,  and 
which  probably  was  the  magnificent 
Alexandria,  founded  by  Alexander 
the  Great,  a  city  without  a  rival  in 
the  world  before  or  since.  At  a 
distance  these  projecting  ends  re- 
semble guns  run  out  from  the  broad- 
side  of  a  ship. 

Within  tliis  wall  are  the  massive 
ruins  of  the  Temple  of  tlie  Sun; 
and  many  gigantic  pillars  of  granite 
remain,  which  impress  with  the 
highest  idea  of  its  former  grandeur : 
tliere  are  also  many  large  fragments 
lying  in  every  part,  of  which  S^avans 
attempt  an  appropriation  to  their 
original  buildings. 

The  gate  of  Rosetta  is  an  elegant 
specimen  of  the  Saracen  taste  in 
architecture.  On  the  space  between 
the  walls  and  the  sea  are  lying  innu- 
merable blocks  and  pillars  of  granite, 
porphyry  and  marble,  tiie  niins  also, 
probably,  of  the  ancient  Alexandria, 
and  which  seem  to  have  been  made 
use  of  by  the  Turks  as  monumental 
stones,  since  this  ground  formed 
tlieir  burial  place. 

About  thirty  yards  in  the  rear  of 
tlie  French  entrenchment,  as  before 
represented,  stands  Cleopatra's  nee- 
dle, and  one  of  equal  maeni^de  is 
lying  d       by  hoii^ODtaUy.     The 


arrival,  the  apex  being  ooly  VMibk 
before.  The  form  of  these  obdiskt 
is  of  considerable  elc^nce,  and  thdr 
magnitude  is  enormoas^  coosiderii^ 
that  each  is  only  one  piece  of  m* 
nite  J  their  height  is  six^-tbree  Ad;, 
and  base  seven  feet  square;  their 
sides  are  covered  with  hieroglyphics, 
which  OQ  the  eastern  front  of  the 
one>  that  is  upright  are  much  effitpod 
by  the  wind. 

Tradition  affirms  that  the7  onuh 
mented  th^  gate  of  Cleopfrtni*s  pe* 
lace.  From  the  quantities  of  m^. 
ble,  &c.  &c.  found  ne^  thespo^ 
probably  the  residence  of  tlie  aoveo 
reigns  of  Egypt  was  placed  thoreu  < 
Much  is  it  to  be  lamented,  that  sncb 
a  superb  monument  of  the  Egyptiaa 
expolition  has  not  been  tiktUf 
brought  to  England.  The  zeal  of 
lord  Cavan  urged  an  attempt,  hat 
the  swell  of  the  sea  destroyed  the 
quay  he  had  constructed  to  embarfc 
it  from,  and  the  funds  are  so  ex** 
hausted  as  not  to  admit  the  fixnna* 
tion  of  others;  yet  surely  this- is  is 
project  worthy  the  co(^>enition  ef  . 
government,  and  the  oountiy  at 
large. 

This  obelisk  would  wertbOj  so* 
cord  an  illustrious  campaign,  aod 
animate  with  emulous  pride  ^  ris* 
ing  generation.    Nor  could  the  pes*  * 
session  be  regarded  by  other  nationa- 
with  those  sentiments  of  regret  and 
aversion  which  the  pillaged  treasaoBi 
in  the  museum  at  Fans,  notwitb* 
standing  their  excellence,  insula 
This  trophy  could  not  be  deemed,  * 
like  those,  an  emblem  of  "•^yypii 
shame,  perpetuating  the  meiiiQiy  of 
nefarious  crimes  and  fao;anhle  defasf  ■ 
tation.  ■    ., 

Humanity  would  rather  exidt  oii ' 
seeing  a  monument  erected^  which'. 
might  GOQtey  instnictioa  and 


A 


ANTIQUITIES.  «S3 

pie  to  future  British  annies,  whilst  raised  to  the  utmost  concei>tiMi  rf 

the  arts    and  sciences  would  liavc  perfection,  and  this  perhaps  is  flie 

no  cause  to  mourn  the  removal*.  unique    excellence    whicu    w<Hll4 

The  next   remarkable  object   is  answer  sm 
Pom|>ey's    pilbr,    which  stands  on         Pompey' 

the  south-west  of  Alesandria,  with-  thiaa  orde 

in  100  y^irds  of  the  inundation,  and  six    inches 

on   the  exteiior  of  which  runs  the  formed  of  i 

canal  of  Alexandria.     At  a  distance  retaining  t 

the  appearance  is  noble  j  approach-  where  the 

ed  closer,  the  pillar  is  lovely  be-  front  has  cl 

yond  dfisciiption.    The  dimenslpns  is  sisty-ftn: 

are  so  stupendous,  as  'would  in  a  eight  feet 

mde  stone  excite  wonder,  but  when  At  the  bat 

(iie  elegance    of  the  capital,    the  aperture  m: 

beauty  of  the  shaft,  and  the  pro-  in  the  hope 

portioned  solidity  of  base  are  com-''  ricd  underi 

bined,  the  ej-e  rests  on  this  pillar  tached  by 

wiiii  delight,  a?  the  chef  d  osuvrc  of  Europeai 

of  the  aits.      Let  imagination  be  up  the  colu 

•  Lord  Cavau,  during  his  subsequ 
patLy  to  remove  ihe  ground  near  tht 
cwored.  The  obelisk  which  15  upri 
feti  in  height,  hm  inimediately  rest 
calied  dugi.  Wlicn  lord  Cavan  was  d 
barking  the  obelisk,  which  w/s  lyinf 


»  block  of  granite,  so  that  a  man  can 
which  he  found  reversed,  he  had  1 
Rranite  Kufliciently  (0  [dace  in  a  piece 
the  pment  siihan,  he  rejiored  (he  tii 
lured  the  insciiptioB  la  be  >een  in  th 
tiic  govgrnmcnt  and  the  couniry  will 
monuiuenl   lot  EnRland.     The  etper. 

officer*  of  both  arc  not  over  well  paid. 
The  measurement  of  (lie  obelisk  is  accurately  ascertained,  and  Is  as  foUowi : 
Ft.  U.        Pt.  In. 

Kxireme  length 08    3 

I.enG[h  10  Ihe  commcncemenc  of  Ihe  slope 01    O 

Length  of  ihe  slope  ihrough  Ihe  oentie 7    S 

Widrhof  Ihe  base , f    7    by    7    B 

Ditto,  at  the  narrow  end J    1    by    «    • 

PEDESTAL. 

Meight  -  -  -  T 

BrcaJih 

Length  of  the  first  step 

Len^ih  of  the  second  step 

HciKht  of  bteps 

A  fem»1e  h'-ad  sculptured  in  isubib,  was  toon 
bamc  iiy  luid  Ca\£a, 


804        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


the  principle  of  mining,  the  explo- 
sion did  no  mischief  to  the  great 
fabric^  only  exposed  some  loose 
stones  under  the  pedestal,  on  one 
of  which  hieroglyphics  are  to  be 
seen,  lliese  stones  appear  to  have 
been  placed  there  to  form  a  solid 
foundation. 

The  French,  fearing  that  in  time 
this  removal  of  support  might  in- 
jure, at  all  events,  the  perpendi- 
cular elevation  of  the  pillar,  filled 
up  the  vacuity  with  cement,  which, 
to  the  disgrace  of  the  Englisli,  they 
broke  away  again,  and  a  sentinel 
was  at  last  stationed  to  gua^d  a 
monument,  which  had  remained 
amongst  barbarians  unprotected  for 
ages,  since  some  officers  even  at- 
tempted to  gratify  an  highly  cen- 
surable vanity,  by  knocking  off 
pieces  of  the  pedestal,  to  present 
to  their  friends  in  the  united  king- 
doms y  SL  destructive  mania,  which 
occasioned  also  the  fracture  of  the 
sarcophagus  in  the  great  pyramid 
of  Cairo  *. 

From  several  grooves  and  pieces 
of  iron  found  by  a  party  of  English 
sailors,  who,  in  order  to  drink  a 
bowl  of  punch,  ascended  to  the 
top,  by  flying  a  kite  and  fastening  a 
rope  round  the  capital,  scarcely  a 
doubt  can  remain  of  a  statue  having 
been  formerly  erected  there,  and 
Septimius  Severus   is   supposed  to 


have  had  that  honbar.  A  cap  of 
liberty  was  substituted  by  thb 
French;  which,  probably,  is  by 
this  time  taken  down ;  the  coioiirB 
they  removed  themselTCS  f-        "'.    ' 

AlthoQ^  this  pillar  was  so  neas 
^to  the  town,  the  PrcBch  ncfver  coald 
venture  so  far  in  less  than  parties 
of  twenty  armed  men  3  even  some 
of  these  detachments  were  ^5nr« 
prised  by  the  Arabs,  disarmed^ 
stripped,  abused,  and  sent  in  sconi 
back  to  their  comxades  in  Alex- 
andria. 

A  French  officer,  who  snperin« 
tended  the  inanufiictories  of  Giza^ 
proposed  removing  this  colmnn  tp 
France :  probably  ue  attempt  wooUL 
have  proved  beyond  his  or  anyothei 
man's  abilities. 

Sonnini  strongly  recommends  the 
project,  and  predicted  that  this  ooo* 
nument  would  only  be  recogtiised 
in  after-ages  by  the  name  of  tU^ 
pillar  of  the  French.     Animated 
with    illusions,    he   describes   the 
names  of  the  soldiers  who  fell  in 
the  glorious  storm  of  Alexandria,  as 
being  engraved  on  the  column  d* 
ready  by  order  of  Bonaparte.     Un«' 
fortunately,  not  a  character  is  to^ 
be  discovered,  and  imagination  can 
scarcely  trace  any  remains  of  the  ' 
Greek  inscription,  which   is   sup- ' 
posed  to  have  been  formerly  scnlp-^ 
tured  on  the  shafts  %• 

The 


*  This  observation  ought  not  to  give  offence.  Individaafs  aie  not  alhided  tis 
Such  remarks  are  only  intended  to  excite  in  future  a  more  disinterested  lespeet  foi^ 
such  monuments. 

-f  An  English  officer  of  marines  afterwards  ascended  and  took  the  cap  down. 

X  It  has,  however,  at  length  been  traced,  and  this  pillar  will  be  hereafter  reco^ 
nised  as  a  monument  of  British  ingenuity  and  talent.  France  sent  her  scavans  to  pro* 
cure  the  honour  of  these  discoveries,  which  might  interest  mankind  oy  promoting 
science  and  establishing  historical  data,  but  their  efforts  to  mark  the  period  whe» 
this  superb  column  was  erected,  or  to  whose  fame  it  was  consecrated,  proved  'alto« 
gethcr  fruitless.  They  even  pronounced  the  decyphering  impossible.  Bat  this  vetm  . 
against  further  enterprises  did  not  daunt  the  inquiring  genius  of  two  British  offions. 
Captain  Dundas  of  the  royal  engineers^  and  Ucuteasnt  Desade  of  the  queen's  Gesr 


ANTIQUITIES.      '  !JMf» 

The  city  of  Alexandria  is  very 
small :  the  population  never  ex- 
ceeded six  thousand  nine  huDdred 
souls,  and  gioce  the  arrival  of  the 
Frciicii  it  is  considerably  dimi- 
nished. 

General  Menou  was  encamped  on 
an  open  place  behind  his  new  wall, 
which  certainly  was  the  most  agree-  , 

able    and    cleanly    situation.     The  , 

houses  being  all  white,  the  general 
appearance  of  the  city  is  more 
livdv  than  of  any  other  in  Egypt. 
There  is  nothing  very  remarkable 
to  be  seen  in  tlie  town,  excepting 
the  mosque  of  St.  Athanasius, 
■which  is  a  superb  structure,  whose 
colonnades  are  formed  of  pillars  of 
granite,  marble.  Sec. 

There  are  no  buildings  so  good 
a  in  Cairo       The  quay  of  Alex- 
andria IS  commodious  ,  many  anti- 
quities were  laying  ready  for  em- 
barkation   an  accoutit  of  wliich  is     haps,    was  justifiable,    rigotir  was 
in  the  appendix,  sening  as  another    never  necessary,  and  therefore  th? 
evidenci,  ot  general  Reynier's  cor-     officers  had   some  reason  to  com- 
rectness     a  beaut  fully  ornamented     plain, 
piece  of  cannon    was    also    found 

ready  to  be  embarked,  and  is  since  ^— ^^— ^^-^— — ^^^^^-^— — 
brought  liome  by  general  Lawson.'       Description  of  PomptuS  Pillar  md 

The  inner  harbour  was  full  of  Cleopatra's  Needle.  By  Capiam 
shipping,  but  in  a  ruinous   slate  j  Wahk, 

even  the  vessels  of  war  were  not  in 

good  order;  the  Eg)'ptieune,  how-  COUTH  of  the  cityof  Alexandria, 
ever,  must  be  excepted,  and  men-  O  and  nearly  jn  a  line  with  the 
tioucd  as  one  of  the  finest  frigates  in  pharos,  stands  that  great  piece  of 
any  sen-ice.  antiquity,  Pompcy's  pillar.  Nothing 

On  the  isle  des  Figuiers,  or  can  exceed  the  beauty  of  this  fine 
shoulder  of  hiiid  forming  the  flank  monument  of  ancient  architecture: 
of  the  inner  harbour,  is  built  the  it  is  in  the  highest  state  of  preser- 
lii/arette,  to  which  several  heavy  vation,  except  on  the  north-west 
batteries  defend  the  approach  every     quarter,  which  I  imagine  has  suf- 

min  tegimcnt,    deiermincd  on  (he  atrcmpt.     For  one  hoar  only  in  ■  ^      « 

the  5an  casi  a  Bh;iJe  on  ihe   inacription.  ■         1  ihey  at  all  diicetn  ,.i      ,ji 

bur    aficr   a  labour  of  ihree  we       .  su  v.  ;d  their  persevei 


E  8M  : 


MISCELLANEOUS  ESSAYS. 


On  the  Atrocities  qf  Bonaparti  in  day  for- 

Si/ria   and  Egypt.      By  Sir  R,  only    del 

JViUoii.  earned  t\ 

many  of 

GENERAL  Hutchinson  was  sword;  I 

very  angry  with  ihe  Turks  for  into  the 

EtiU  continuing  the  practice  of  man-  mercy   fi 

gling  and  cutting  off  the  heads  of  giamed 

llie  prisoners;  and  tlie  captain  pacha,  weUremc 

at  his  remonstrance,   again  issued  army,  in 

very  severe  orilers  against  it;  bui  when  th< 

the  Turks  justitied  themselves  for  rage,  yei 

the  massacre  of  the  French  by  the  received 

massacre  at  Jafia.   .  As  tliis  act,  and  refused  t 

the  poisoning  of  the  sick,  have  never  tioners  of    an  unresisting  enany. 

bcencredited,  because  of  such  enor-  Soldiers  of  the  Italian  army,  this 

mities  being  so  incredibly  atrocious,  is  a  laurel  wreath  worthy  of  your 

a  digression  to  authenticate    them  fame,  a  trophy  uf  which  the  sub^ 

may    not    be    deinued    intrusively  sequent  treason  of  an  individual  shall 

tedious  ;  and  had  not.  the  influence  not  depHve  you. 
'of  power  inierlercd,  tlie  act  of  ac-        Three'  days    afterwards,    Bonfr 

cusation  would  have  been  preferred  part^,  who  had  expressed  miK:b  re^ 

in  a  more  solemn  manner,  and  the  aentment  at  the  compassion  mani- 

damning  proofs  produced  by  peni'-  festcd  by  his  troops,  and  determined  . 

tent  agents  of  these  murders ;  but  to  relieve  bimsdf  from  the  niain- 

neither  menaces,  recompenses,  nor  tenance  and  care  of  three  thousand 

promises,  can  altogether  stifle  the  eight  hundred  prisotters  *,  ordered 

cries  of  outraged  humanity,  and  the  them  to  be   nuu'ched  to  a  rising 

*  Bonaparte  had  in  peison  previ  asly  inspected         ^  .  o  i 

jooo  niFn,   with  the  object  of  savi      thotc  who  b<;ii.  • 

ing  tu  attack.     The  age  and  noble         li  »       of>  -  i 

strvaiion,  aiwl  he  asked  him  shat  ...  '  „      .  ,.,„, 

nissaiy,  undaunlcd,  replied,  "  1  .      st  aiiint.         S 

your  answui  will  be,  [hat  you  catr...       lerve  '  :  • 

pill  frankness  of  the  reply  excited  i 

smiled.    "  He  is  saved,"  whispered  „.  h. 

pane,"  obseivcd  one  who  had  scni..u 

experience,  docs  not  proceed  fr< 

say."    The  opinion  was  (ea  i 

death,  and  sulfered. 


808        ANNUAL   RE.6ISTER,  1802» 


ground  near  Jafia ;  where  a  division 
of  French  infantry  formed  against 
them.  When  the  Turks  had  en- 
tered their  fatal  alignment^  anvi  the 
mournful  preparations  were  com- 
pleted, the  signal  gun  fired.  Vol- 
lies  of  musquetry  and  grape  instant- 
ly played  against  them ;  and  Bona- 
parte, who  had  been  regarding  the 
scene  through  a  telescope,  when 
he  saw  the  smoke  ascending,  could 
not  restrain  his  joy,  but  broke  out 
into  exclamations  of  approval ;  in- 
deed, he  bad  just  reason  to  dread 
the  refusal  of  his  troops  thus  to 
dishonour  themselves. 

Kleber  had  remonstiated  in  tbe 
most  strenuous  manner,  and  the 
officer  of  the  etat  major  who  com- 
manded (for  tbe  general  to  whom 
the  division  belonged  was  absent) 
even  refused  to  execute  the  order 
without  a  written  instruction ,  but 
Bonaparte  was  too  cautious,  and 
sent  Bertliier  to  enforce  obedience. 

When  the  1  urks  had  all  fallen, 
the  French  troops  humanely  endea- 
voured to  put  a  period  to  the  sufier- 
ings  of  the  wounded,  but  some  time 
elapsed  before  tlie  bayonet  could 
finish  what  the  fire  had  net  destroyed, 
and  probably  many  languished  days 
in  agony.  Several  French  officers, 
Jby  whom  these  details  are  partly 
furnished,  declared,  that  this  was 
a  scene,  the  retrospect  of  which 
tormented  their  recollection,  and 
that  they  could  not  reflect  on  it 
without  horror,  accustomed  as  tKey 
had  been  to  sights  of  cruelty. 

These  were  the  prisoners,  whom 
As.^alini,  in  his  very  able  work  on 
the  plague,  alludes  to,  when  he 
says,  that  for  three  days  the  Turks 
showed  no  symptom  of  that  disease, 
and  it  was  their  putrefying  remains 
^'hich  contributed  to  produce  the 
pestilential  malady  which  be  describes 
2 


as  afterwards  making  fodi  nragei 
in  the  French  army.  Hidr  bonet 
still  lie  in  heaps,  and  are  shown  to 
every  travdler  who  arriyes;  nor 
can  they  be  oonlbanded  witfa  those 
who  perished  in  the. Ussaiflt^  since 
this  field  of  butcheiy  lies  a  mile 
from  the  town. 

Such  a  ^t  should  not,  however^ 
be  alleged  without  somie  pfoof^  or 
leadii^  drcumstanoe  stronger  th^ 
assertion,  being  prodoced  lo  sup- 
poll  it ;  but  there  would  be  a  want 
of  generosity  in  naming  individnab, 
and  branding  them  to  the  latelt 
posterity  with  iaSsasxy,  for  obeying 
a  oHnmand  when  their  snbniisdon  ' 
became  an  act  of  necessity,  sinoe~ 
the  whole  army  did  not  mutinj 
against  the  execution ;  thetefiae  to 
establish  further  the  autheatkitf 
of  the  relation,  this  only  can  lie 
mentioned,  that  it  was  Boftn't 
division  which  fired,  and  thus  evciy 
one  is  afibrded  the  opportunity  of 
satisfying  themselves  xespecting  Ibe 
truth,  by  inquiring  of  offioen 
serving  in  the  different  brigsdei 
composing  this  division. 

The  next  circumstance  is  of  a - 
nature  which  requires  indeed  the 
most  particular  details  to  establish* 
since  the  idea  can  scarce  be  enter* 
Gained  that  the  ccuxunander  ef 
an  army  should  order  his  conntm 
men  (or  if  not  inmiediately  waa^ 
those  amongst  whom  he  had  beea 
naturalized),  to  be  deprived  of 
existence,  when  in  a  state  'w^icb 
requires  the  kindest  con^deiation. 
But  tbe  annals  of  France  record  the 
firightful  crimes  of  a  Robespierre;,'  a 
Barrere,  and  historical  truth  mvift 
now  recite  one  equal  to  any  wUdi 
has  blackened  its  page. 

Bonaparte  finding  that  -bis  ho** 
pitals  at  Jaf&  were  crowded  wit^ 
sick^  sent  for  a  pbysiciaa^   wfaosa 


MISCELLANEOUS  ESSAYS. 


ao9 


rame  should  be  inscribed  in  letters 
of  gold,  but  which,  firom  important 
reasons,  cannot  be  here  inserted ; 
on  his  airival  he  entered  into  a  long 
conversation  with  him  respecting 
tlie  danger  of  contagion,  concluding 
at  last  with  the  remark,  that  some- 
thing must  be  done  to  remedy  the 
e\'d,  and  thai  the  destruction  of  the 
sick  at  present  in  tlje  hospital  was 
(he  only  measure  which  could  be 
adopted.  Tiie  physician,  alarmed  ■ 
at  tiie  prop'isal,  bold  in  the  cause 
of  virtue  and  the  cause  of  humanity, 
remonstrated  vehemently,  repre- 
senting the  cruelty  as  well  as  the 
atrocity  of  such  a  murder;  but 
finding  that  Bonaparte  persevered 
and  menaced,  he  indignantly  left 
the  tent,  with  this  memorable  ob- 
servation :  "  Neither  my  principles, 
nor  the  character  of  my  profession, 
will  allow  me  to  become  a  mur- 
derer; and,  general,  if  such  qua- 
lities as  you  insinuate  are  necessary 
to  form  a  great  man,  I  thank  my 
God  that  I  do  not  possess  tliem," 

Bonaparte  was  not  to  be  diverted 
from  his  object  by  moral  considera- 
tions :  he  persevered,  and  found 
an  apothecary,  who  (dreading  the 
weight  of  power,  but  who  since 
has  made  an  atonement  to  his  mind 
by  miequi vocally  confessing  the 
fact)  consented  to  become  his  agent, 
and  to  administer  poison  to  the  sick. 
Opium  at  night  was  distributed 
in   gratifying  food,    the    wretched 


unsuspecting  victims  biinqneted, 
and  in  a  few  hours  5S0  soldiers,  ■ 
who  had  suffered  so  much  for  their 
country,  perislied  thus  miserably 
by  the  order  of  its  idol. 

Is  there  a  Frenchman  whose 
Hood  does  not  chill  with  horror  st 
the  recital  of  such  a  fact.  Sualy 
the  manes  of  the.se  murdered  tin- 
oftending  people  must  be  now  ho- 
vering round  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment, and 

If  a  doubt  should  still  exist  as  to 
the  veracity  of  this  statement,  let 
the  members  of  the  institute  at 
Cairo  be  asked,  what  passed  in  their 
sitting  after  the  return  of  Bonapartf 
from  Syria  :  they  will  relate,  that 
the  same  virtuous  jibysiciaa,  who 
refused  to  become  the  destroyer  of 
those  committed  to  his  protection, 
accused  Bonaparl^  of  high  treason 
in  the  tiill  assembly,,  against  the 
honourof  France,  her  children,  and 
humanity  :  that  he  entered  into  the 
full  details  of  the  poisoning  of  the 
sick,  and  the  massacre  of  the  garri- 
son, aggravating  these  crimes  by 
charging  Bonaparte  with  strangling 
previously,  at  Rosetta,  a  number  t^ 
French  and  Copts,  who  were  ill  of 
t  his 


isti^ 


•  Bonapaile  plfailed  Ih 

evidtm  if  they  cdLped,  thi 

been  compctlci)  in  passing 
desimynl  the  sick  to  pteves 
ortheTuiks:  but  these  ai] 
part^  was  at  last  obliged  tc 
afterwnrils  leFl  Egypt,  (he 
mise.  that  they  elected  tbi 
([self  fully. 


810        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


whether  the  scene  passing  before 
their  eyes  was  not  Ulusion.  As- 
wircdly  all  these  proceedings  will 
not  be  found  in  the  minutes  of  the 
institute;  no,  Bonaparte's  policy 
foresaw  the  danger,  and  power  pro- 
duced tlie  erasure ;  but  let  no  man, 
calculating  on  the  force  of  circUm- 
stances,  which  may  prevent  such 
on  aTowal  as  is  solicited,  presume  on 
this  to  deny  tlie  whole :  there  arc 
records  ^^hich  remain,  and  which 
in  due  season  wiJl  l>e  produced.  In 
the  interim,  this  representation 
will  be  sufficient  to  stimulate  in  • 
qu'iTv  ',  and.  Frenchmen,  your  ho- 
nour is  indeed  interested  in  the 
examination. 

Let  us  hope  also  that  in  no  coun- 
try will  there  be  found  another  man 
of  such  Machiavelian  principles,  as 
by  sophistry  to  palliate  those  trans- 
actions >  nor  must  the  judgment 
abuse  itself  by  bringing  to  rccollec- 


tion  the  horron  of  theFnsBcfa  levo* 
lutiou,  and  thus  diimoishtng  tbe 
force  of  those  crimes  by  the  £ne« 
quency  of  equal  guilt  in  Fimioe» 
during  her  ccmtest  for 
slaver}'*. 


■MP* 


Narrative  of  the  March  tf  the  J5f- 
dian  Army  destined  to  cooperate 
with  the  English  Army  in  ^gypi% 
from  Cossir  hy  the  Route  ofKuniiki, 
across  the  Desert.  By  Sir  & 
mison.  •    . 


GENERAL  Baiid  had 
from  India  in  the  latter 
of  the  month  of  Deceimber*  wth 
the  view  of  coopenftdiig  with  Ihi 
anpy  from  Europe,  destined  to  \am 
vade  Egypt,  and  a  (^ vision  of  troqpt 
from  the  Cape  -were  ordered  Ift 
join  him  in  the  Red  Sea.  His  ob» 
ject  was  to  land  at  Saes,.  and  aot 
according  to   those   ciraunsHniA 


*  An  anecdote,  after  what  has  been  said  against,  should,  bowerer,  be  rdtej^  aft  ' 
a  proof  of  the  commanding  genius  of  Bonaparte,  and  will  be  told  as  repeated  by'il 
Frenchman  of  high  consideration.     "  Bonaparte,  notwithstanding  his  succesMS  and 
fame,  was  considered,  by  those  who  knew  him  best,  as  not  in  himself  possesabog  tba 
great  qualities  ascribed  to  him.     We  regarded  him  as  indebted  more  to  an  extnordiniiy 
peculiar  good  fortune,  forcing  irresistible  circumsunces  to  his  advantage,  thin  to  m 
crwn  abiliries  and  exertions.     After  his  disasters  and  repulse  at  Acre,  our  opinioa  tml 
confirmed,  and  we  expected  to  see  him  return  dejected,  conscious  of  disgrace^  hia 
shame  aggravated  by  the  recollection  of  his  baring  sent  a  messenger  with  a  diapttch^  . 
and  which  was  read  in  the  institute,  in  which  he  expressed  himself.  '*  In  three  daya 
I  shall  be  in  Acre  ;  when  you  open  this,  be  assured  that.  Dgezzar  Pacha  is  no  more.** 
The  day  before  he  entered  Cairo,  we  received  orders,  to  our  astonishment,  to  pit4iaii  ' 
illuminations,  triumphal  arches,  &c.  for  honour  to  the  conquerors  of  Sfria,  and  of  ■ 
Dgezzar  Pacha.    The  troops  who  had  despondingly  anticipated  a  different  rercptioi%  ' 
whose  murmurs  against  the  maTv  who  had  planned  their  expedition  amounted  ta 
mutiny,  whose  expressions  even  mehaced-death  to  him  as  an  atonement  ibr  tfaofr    , 
seven  thousand  comrades  who  had  perished,  saw  with  surprise,  the  honours  paid'to 
them,  heard  their  chief  and   themselves  styled  conquerors ;  and,  in  the  delinnaa  of 
vanity,  forgot  their  injuries  and  defeats.    The  next  morning,   Bonapart^,  asnued  of 
the  intoxication  still  continuing,  assembled  his  army  on  parade,  distributed  icwaidtp^'- 
then  moved   forwards  a  battalion  of  grenadiers,  whom   he  upbraided .  with  liafiiy 
refused  to  make  another  assault  on  Acre,  and  sentenced  them  to  carry  their  anos  * 
slung  behind  till  their  character  was  retrieved."     It  was  then,  said  the  namtor»  W^ 
pronounced  Bonaparte  really  a  great  man.    We  confessed  his  knowledge  of  hium 
nature,  who  in  a  few  hours  could  so  improve  his  situation,  and  reassume  his  influence^ 
as  to  disgrace  those  very  men,  who  the  day  before  would,  with  the  applause  of  th^ 
comradt^s  (now  approving  of  their  dishonour) » had  be  uttered  a  word  of  censQie^  hava 
Instantly  assassinated  him.  % 

i  -   -hi 


MISCELLANEOUS  ESSAYS. 


81J 


he  should  become  acquainted  with 
tliere,  since  at  such  a  distance  no 
positive  operations  could  have  been 
prescribed.  The  hope  was,  how- 
ever, alwa)^  entertained,  that  he 
would  arrive  in  time  to  assist  the 
European  army,  even  in  debarka- 
tion, by  dividing  the  French  ibrce. 
UnlortunatelJ',  the  monsoon  had 
commenced  IJefore  his  entrance  into 
the  Red  Sea,  in  tlie  month  of  April, 
and  it  was  found  impossible  to  gain 
his  destination;  but  learning  at 
Jedda  the  successes  of  the  English 
on  the  21st  of  March,  which  intel- 
ligence had  been  transmitted  to  him. 
by  Admiral  Blanket*,  he  deter- 
mined to  land  at  Cossir,  and  brave 
the  difficulties  of  the  deseit,  in  the 
hopes  of  affording  a  considerable 
support  to  genera!  Hutchinson,  and 
contribriing  to  tlie  final  conquest 
of  the  country. 

On  the  Stii  of  June  he  arrived 
at  Cossir,  ami  found  colonel  Mur- 
ray, the  adjuUuit-geiieral,  who  had 
preceded  him,  and  reached  that 
port  with  a  very  small  advanced 
guard  on  the  I4di  of  May  ;  but 
the  gri^atcr  part  of  the  army  was 
still  missing,  nnd  none  of  the  troops 
from  the  Cape  had  arrived.  Anxioui, 
however,  to  promote  the  general 
«ei-vicc,    he   employed    himself  m 

Sreparing  the  means  for  enabling 
is  army  to .  '  jss  ihe  deseit,  ta 
which  he  wr'' assisted  by  the  viih's 
iirmans,  and  in  a  short  time  he  saw 
himself  [irovided  wi lb  5000  camels. 
Having  made  the  necessary  dis- 
positions, he  set  out  for  Cnnei  (or 
Kinneh),  where  he  anived  on  the 
30th  of  June,  and  immediately 
arranged  the  march  of  the  remaining 


divisions,  fecilrtating  their  passage 

by  eslablishing  posts  at  the  different 
wells  in  llic  desert,  and  digging 
others  ;  issuing  at  the  same  time 
the  orders  to  l>c  seen  in  the  appendix 
of  this  work,  for  the  regulation  of 
the  march  of  each  succeeding  co< 
lumn.  It  was  not  till  the  latter 
end  of  July  that  his  army  had  as- 
sembled, and  even  then  several 
detachments  were  missing :  the 
collected  force,  including  the  troops 
from  the  Cape,  amounted  to  5226 
rank  and  file,  and  was  composed  of 
the  following  regiinents  and  coipt> : 

Royal  artillery, 

Bengal  horse  artlUerfTj 

Bengal  foot  ditto, 

Madras  ditto, 

Bombay  dittos 

Koyal  Engineers, 

Bengal  ditto,     " 

Madras  d' ' 


ditto,     ~} 
ditto,     >  1 
y  ditto,  J 


Madras  pioneers. 
His  majesty's  Sih  light  di;agooiu 
10th  foot, 
6th  ditto, 
80th  ditto, 
86th  ditto, 
83th  ditto, 
Bengal  volunteers,  native  iojantiy, 
1st  Bombay  regiment, 
7th  ditto,        ditto. 
The  respective  quota   furnished 
by  the'  diAerent  establishments  to 
which  these  coips  belonged,  is  tbo* 
to  be  dirided : 

East  In^  com[ 
ditto  ditto 
King's  troop» 


8l2 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


To  which  must  be  added 
277  officers,      of    which    53 

were  natives, 
331  sergeants, 
125  drummers, 
440  las  cars, 

270  servants  not  soldiers, 
572  public  followers, 
305  private  dilto. 

2320 
which    makes   a    general   total  of 
7546  persons,  including  sick,  &c. 

As  the  march  across  the  desert, 
which  separates  Egypt  from  the 
Hed  Sea,  must  offer  peculiar  interest 
to  those  who  peiiise  the  detail,  with 
their  attention  at  the  same  time 
directed  to  India,  nn  account  chiefly 
furnished  by  colonel  Carruthers,  of 
the  61  st,  follows,  which  it  was 
thought  better  to  insert  here,  that 
the  ideas  might  not  be  interrupted, 
and  particularly  as  no  event  of  mo- 
ment Qccurred  to  general  Moore's 
army  during  the  period  which  this 
narrative,  in  some  degree,  too  soon 
introduces. 

The  effective  force  ordered  from 
,  the  Cape  to  Eg}'pt,  was  to  consist  of 
about  1200  men.  The  (ilst  regi- 
ment, a  troop  of  the  8th  liglit 
dragoons  (dismounted),  and  a  com- 
pany of  English  artillery,  formed 
this  strength. 

Sir  Home  Popham,  with  the 
Homney  and  Sensible,  sailed  from 
the  Cape  on  the  28th  of  February 
1801,  having  on  board  the  two 
flank  companies,  and  one  battalion 
company  of  the  Gist,  the  dismounted 
troop  of  the  8tli,  and  a  company 
of  artillery. 

The  rfmaining  seven  companies 
of  the  61  St  did  not  leave  the  Cape 
until  the  30th  of  March,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  jail  fever  having 
broke  out  iu  the  ships  Sheemcss 


and  Wilhelmina,  whidi  brought 
out  the  6^Th  regiment,  •omposed 
chiefly  of  hoys,  and  wbicfa  dis- 
temper canied  off  a  great  number 
of  tliem,  as  well  as  of  the  sailon. 
The  admiral,  sir  R.  CurUs,  appre- 
hensive of  contagion,  would  not 
allow  fresh  troops  to  be  embarked 
in  these  ships  until  they  had  been 
properly  fumigated  and  cleared  oat, 
the  good  eflfects  of  which  precautioa 
the  61  St  experienced,  as  they  landed 
at  Cossir  on  the  1 0th  of  July,  then 
having  been  near  sixteen  weeks  on 
board,  without  having  one  sick 
man,  although  the  strength  of  the 
regiment  exceeded  QOO  men.  At 
Cossir  was  found  the  Sensible, 
which  had  arrived  near  three  weeki. 
I'he  troops  were  disembarked,  and 
encamped  with  part  of  thfi  army 
from  India,  and  with  whom  they 
had  originally  been  destined  to  co- 
operate. 

At  Cossir  tlie  heat  was  very  in- 
tense, the  thermometer  96,  and 
upwards ;  the  water  very  bad,  be- 
ing impregnated  with  a  salt-petre 
taste,  causing  violent  vomiting  and 
a  species  of  dysenter}',  with  exces- 
sive thirst. 

This  complaint  almost  every  one 
on  flrst  landing  was  attacked  with, 
but  it  did  not  prove  fatal,  and  in- 
deed was  thought  rather  eventually 
to  render  service. 

General  Baird  had  arrived  from 
Jedda  with  sir  Home  Popham  at 
Cossir  about  three  weeks  before, 
had  crossed  the  desert,  and  was  at 
this  time  at  Kinneb,  awaiting  the 
arrival  of  his  army,  of  which  a 
great  part  had  not  yet  made  their 
way  up  the  Red  Sea. 

The  20th  of  July,  colonel  Car- 
ruthers  left  Cossir  with  a  division 
of  fHX)  men  of  the  6lst.  Camels 
were  appointed  for  the  baggage  and 

provisions^ 


MISCELLANEOUS    ESSAYS.  SI* 

provisions,  from  those  bought   by  from  Cossir  to  Kinnfih  is  stated  at 

general  Baird  j  but  when  water  at  only  I'iO  mileR,  there  cannot  tie  a 

night  was   not  to  be  had,  camels  doubt    but   that  the   actual  ettent 

from  tlie   last    wells    accompanied  exceeds    that  calci^tioa  conaider- 

with  it,    and  then  returned  again  ably, 
the  next  day  to  their  post.  From  Moilah  to  Barimba  the  dc- 

The  three   first  days  march  the  sert  was  generally  ofa  very  hardgra- 

troops  passed  in  a    ravine,    which  velly  soil,  witli  a  very  uneven  sur- 

seemed  to  be  the  old  bed  of  a  river,  face.     The  route  of  the  march  con- 

aiid  which  commenced  a  little  way  tinued  in  the   ravines,  but  wliid). 

from   Cossir,     and    terminated    at  preseiTed  no  lociger  the  appearance 

Moilah.     At  Moilah,  and  also  Le-  of  any  river  liaving  ever  flowed  ia 

gaitta,  were  posts  of  seapoys,  which  them, 

general    Buird   had    stationed,  and         Every  where  the  cannon  passed 

depon  of  provisions,  from  whence  with  facility,  the  principal  part  of 

the  troops  in  passing  were  supplied  which    was    drawn     by    bullock=. 

witli  sheep  and  biscuits.    The  wdls,  brought  with  the  army  from  India, 
excepting  two  or  three  which  the         Barimba,  or  B^ihconr4,  is  the  tirst, 

Arabs   had  formed,  had  been  dug  habitable  spot  which  is  to  be  met 

by   the    seapoys  ;    these  were   not  with  after  leaving  Cossir  j  not  even 

deep.     The    soil    was    claj-ish,  the  the  smallest  hut  had  been  previously 

water    brackish,    yet   had  not  Hie  seen.     This  Utde  town  lies  on  fh'tf 

efiect  of  that  at  Cossir.  borders  of  the  deseil,  and  is  raled 

Alilwugh  the  troops  marched  by  at  ten  miles  distance  from  Kinnch, 

night,  on  account  of  the  dimluu-  yet    in  fact  it  is    nearer   twenty, 

tion   of  heat,    as  during    the  day  Here    the   Arabs  sold  milk,  eggs.- 

the  thermometer   rose  to  !  W  and  and  poultry,    in  great  plenty,  and    ' 

115    degrees,     still  tliey    suffered  verycheap. 

greatly  from  thirst ;    for  unless  the         t)n  the  29th  of  July,  colonel  Car- 
frequent  ineliuation  to  drinking  was  rutliers  arrived  at  Kinneh,  with  ihe 
resisted,  however  painful  the  et&rt,  loss  only  of  one  drum  boj',  whicli-' 
it  was  soon  ascertained  that  tlie  in-  good  fortnne  inust  l>e  attributed  to 
dulgence  but  augmented  the  desire,  the   positive  orders    given   to  'the 
Water   alone,    or  infuiied  with    a  otficer  commanding  the  rearguard 
iittle  vinegar,    was  found  the  best  not  to  allow  of  any  man's  sbtppiiig  - 
allaycr  oi"  thirst;  a  very  sir 
tity  taken  at   a  time,  and 
long  as  possible  in  tlie  moi 
occasionally  wetting  the  tl 
forded  the  greatest  relief. 

llie  men  sutfcred  also 
ably  from  an  almost  irresis 
pressiMi  of  sleep,  which  . 
accounted  for  from  heat, 
of  the  marching,  and  iLi 
generally  eight  or  ten  hoi 
required  to  perform  the 
distances ;    for  although  I 


»!♦  ANNU; 

tafferingi    they    e%perieDc 
Tioai  to  tbeir  di^;^oUltto^. 

lite  route  ot'  th(«  an 
Co^sir  to  Kinn£h  was  I 
iciibed  : 

MUes. 
Cotsirtothenewl         f 

wells   .     .     .    J         I 
HalfwaytoMoiUh  i; 
Arabs  post  called  i    , ,  J  I 

Moilah     .     .    J     '   I  i 
Advanced  weUs     .    9 
Half  way  to  Le- >  ,.  f 

gftitta  .  .  .  J  '^  V 
Arabs  post  called  1   jn  J  1 

Legaiila   .     .J     ^  {: 
Barimba     ...     IS 
Kinn^h  .    .    .     .  10 

120* 

An  important  observal 
be  ailded,  that  tliere  is  gt 
to  believe  water  may  be 
in  any  part  of  the  desert, 
it  is  in  such  quantities  as 
3  constant  supply  to  the  « 
when  drank  perfectly 
tivclve  hours  tliey  were  n 
again. 

The  troops  from  Indii 
muikatt"!  or  leather  bags 
the  water  in,  which  peri 
fre<iuet!lly  occasioned  it 
tress.  Water  kegs  or  bai 
were  found  to  reaiat 
With  theTvirkish  army  t 


■f-  In  laying  before  the  pul 
mwkinf;  upon  the  modesty,  p 
of  ir,  (then  lieutenant  of  ihi 
6l»t,)  in  terms  of  the  highest 
sevcie  tiials.  il  «hows  him  to 
ti^nce  on  Piovidcnce  of  the  C 
fish  sulilier.  Il  is  here  give 
ingu'tice  to  alter,  and  it  is  hi 
h»i  been  ibe  depository  of  ihi 
the  tDglish  langoBge  for  nei 
luy  metUorious  cbuunei  in 


MISCELLANEOUS  ESSAYS.  _  815 

very    fliort  of  her  complement  of  captain  being  saluted  in  the  mom- 

hanrfs,  and  thf  95l!i  regmient  then  ing,    according    to    custom,    upon 

in  the  island,  being  ordered  to  be  declt,    he  expressed   his    regret  at 

reduced  to  the  peace  establish ment,  the  loss  he  had  already  suff^ed  in 

eighty  of  the  healthiest  of  the  mm  officers    and  men,  and    said,    "  I 

who  were  to  be  discharged,  vere  have  lost  my   two  lieutenants,  all 

ordered  on  board,    and  embarked,  lay  midshipmen,  and  the  mast^  is 

on  Friday  the  8th  of  October,  under  now  takoi  ill;  I  have  hardly  any 

the  command  of  heutenaiit  Douglass  body  W  trust  to  the  watch,  and  laf 

of  that  regiment.    I'he  ship  got  oui  men  gettiilg  and  likely  to  get  too 

from  the  quay,  to  an  anchoring  in  few    for    the    task   tliat  is  before 

the  harbour  a  few  days  beforo  diis,  them,"  and  was  himself  obliginl  to 

where  th\'ee  of  the  midshipmen,  a  take  to  his  bed  in  the  af^rtinou. 

sailor,  a  nurine  and  a  woman,  died  We  passed  Cape '  St.  Nicola  Mole 

of   a    fever.     'J'his    created    some  about  eleven   o'clock,    and  in  the 

alarm,  but   it    soon    vanished    on  evening   took  our  departure  fi'ora 

every  symptom  of  that  dreadful  dis-  Toctuga,    a     little    island    on    the 

ease  disappearing,  and  every  eoun-  north-west  coast  of  St.  Domingo. 

tenance  glowed  at  the  prospect  of  It  is  impossible  to  describe  the  dis- 

Goon    seeing    the    land  of    liberty  tressing  suil^rings  of  the  sick;  no- 

again.  thing  could  be  heard  between  decks 

We  weighed  anchor  and  got  out  but    the    most    dreadful    screiSches 
of  the  harbi)ur  on  the  morning  of         •  ■      --  -  -  -  . 

the  12lh.  We  got  clear  out  from 
the  land  that  day,  and  the  next 
morning  lieutenant  JViiller,  first 
lieutenant  of  the  ship,  and  several 
of  the  ship's  crew  and  of  the  sol- 
diers, attended  the  surgeon  and  bis 
mate,  complaining  of  headaehs, 
and  other  symptoms,  of  an  alarm- 
ing   appearance,     of    the     yellow 

There  was  very  little  wind,  and  that 
was  against  us  for  se\en  days ;  we 
got  sight  of  St.  Domingo  on  Satur- 
day morning  tin:  i6th,  That  iiight 
two  men  and  two  boya  died.  We 
continued  tacking  between  Cape 
Tiberon  and  Navara  island  for 
two  or  three  djys,  during  which 
the  two  lieutenants  (Miller  and 
Avery),  and  the  only  midshipman 
now  left,  died,  a-!  also  four  of 
the  85ih  regiment,  two  of  the 
sailors,  and  i\io  m.irines.  On  Wed- 
nesday morning  a  line  (avourablc 
btieza  tpraug    up,    and  upon  the 


816        ANNUAL    REGISTIER,    1802. 


first  trial  of  this  specific  was  rather 
as  an  experiment  upon  a  very  des- 
perate case.  Indeed,  Mr.  Miller 
entertained  very  little  hopes  of  the 
etfect ',  he  was  tlicrefore  averse  from 
it,  but  was  prevailed  upon  by  others 
to  give  it  a  trial,  when  one  of  the 
quarter- masters  had  been  seized 
\rith  every  symptom  that  hitherto 
had  proved  fatal.  Before  he  was. done 
bleeding  he  said  he  was  greatly 
relieved,  but  such  was  his  impru- 
dence that  he  was  found  by  the 
surgeon  upon  deck  next  day,  smok- 
ing his  pipe,  after  taking  more  than 
a  moderate  glass  of  some  spirits, 
which  checked  his  recovery,  yet  it 
continued  slowly  until  he  was 
perfectly  well.  And  the  effects  of 
Weeding  decided  indisputably  in 
favour  of  further  trials.  But  both 
the  surgeon  and  his  mate  were 
taken  ill  very  soon  after  this,  and 
were  in  such  a  deranged  state  that 
they  did  not  know  the  relief  and 
benefit  it  afforded. 

The  intellectual  feelings  of  all 
who  died  'were,  for  about  twenty- 
four  hours  before  their  death,  suc- 
ceeded by  a  turbulent  distraction  of 
:.und,  and  they  all  emitted  a  great 
quantity  of  blood  directly  before  or 
after  their  last  breath. 

It  is  already  observed,  that  on 
Wednesday  e\ening  we  took  our 
departure  from  the  island  Tortuga. 
Died  this  day  five  men  and  a 
boy. 

Thursday,  21st,  got  in  sight  of 
the  island  Henegar.  Died  four 
Uicn. 

Friday,  made  the  island  Maya- 
guany,  and  in  the  evening  took  our 
departure,  it  being  the  most  north- 
erly land  in  our  intended  course. 
Died  five  men. 

The  master  (Roger  Taylor)  had 
been  till  now  able  to  look  after  the 


duty  of  the  ship }  his  disofder  uraf  . 
a  bilious  one,    and  which  at  tbw 
time  reduced  him  to  the  necxssitj- 
of  keeping  his    bed.     Eveij   dq^- . 
now  increased  our  despair. 

Saturday,  latitude  25^  l&  N*  . 
Died  captain  Steves^  anil  two^ 
men.  The  remains  of  the  captaia' 
were  committed  to  the  de^  vitb' 
military  honours^  at  twelve  o'dodL' 
at  night. 

Monday,- died  three  ^me&»    TMfr' ' 
day  the  surgeon,  after  suflfering  loog' 
from  severe  headachs,  occa»oiie£- 
as  was  thought,  by  want  of  rest,  war 
found  lying  undc^  the  taMe*of  Ae* 
ward-room,  from  whence  he  wttk^ 
brought  to  his  cabin,  where  he  wiat'. 
lock^  up  or  attended  by  some  eC 
the  men,  to  prevent  him  ^nxh  nm*:* . 
ning  distracted  through  the  AmJ* 
His  indefatigable  attenticm  to  mt 
sick   as   long  as   he  was  able  to* 
stand,  deserves  the  grateful  leeol*- 
lection  of  those  who  witnessed  it^ 
And   so    €ai    was   he   prgu^oei- 
against  .bleeding,    thou^  he  saw* 
something  of  the  good  dffects  of  it^ ' 
that  her  would  not  submit  to  Hhef'  - 
operation. 

Our  prospects  were,  now  ret/^ 
gloomy.  In  an  immense  widar 
ocean,  the  ship  fiill  of  a  cont^ioilf  ^ 
fever,  deprived  of  every  medical 
assistance,  and  also  of  those  whir^ 
wpre  entrusted,  or  in  the  pmctke  oli 
navigating  the  ship.  ^■- 

The  purser  (James  Hatton)  waa'  ' 
the  only  one  on  boards  exc^yt  thl^'^ 
master,  whose  life  was   now   d^*"-^ 
spaired    of,    that    understood   anj' 
thing  of  navigation.     Ferhapa  ooe  ' 
who  would  only  think  of  me  nto^  • 
ation  we  were  ^in,  may  aay^  Why  • 
did  you  not  put  back  or  put  Into"'   - 
one    of  those    islands    yoa   btfo^ 
passed  ?    and,   probably,  4MB  'mijr 
suppose  that  the  captain,  as  abo^-^ 

IfflfftTOHlifHl 


MISCELLANEOUS -ESSAYS.    -    -      817 

insinuated  a  wish  to  have  advice  on  Tuesday,  adth,-latitude  28"*  13'. 
that    subject,    but  .no  such    thing  Died    four    men.      lliirtecn  men 
coiUd  be  thought  of  i  for,  were  we  having  the  most  unfavourable  symp- 
to  put  back  to  Jamaica,    it  would  toms  of  the  fever  were  bled  this 
look  'timid,  or,   in  plain  terms,  be  and  the  preceding  day. 
called  cowardly.  ^I'o  put  in  at  St.  Wednesday,     latitude    39°    Q' . 
Domingo    or   Cuba,   (which   latter  Died  five  men.     It   evidently  ap- 
was   on    our  larlioard    side  Ai  we  peared  that  the  men  were,  till  now, 
passed  tlie  other,)  wc  could  not  ex-  prejudiced   gainst    bleeding ;    but 
pect   to   recover  from    the    unfor-  seeing  that  all  who  bad  been  bled, 
tunate  state   we   were  in,   for   no  except    two,    (who'  bad  concealed 
accomtiuxbtion  or  comfort  n'ould  their  illness  until  the  cUsease  was 
be  afforded  us,    and  we  could  get  too  iar  confirmed  to  give  Way  to 
nobody  to  come  near  us,  and  much  the  remedy,)  commenced  their  re- 
iess  get  any  one  to  3up|>ly  the  place  covery  from  the  first  moment    of 
of  anyof  tliosewehad  lost.  I'helast  the  operation,  they  resigned  tliem- 
island$we]>as3edarecommonlycalled  selves  with  a  degree  of  confidente 
the  Turtle  islands,  and  are  thinly  in-  to  it.     Lieutenant  Douglass  observ- 
liabitcd  by  turtle  fishers  only,  so  that  cd  s(»iie  (hyness  in  the  sailon  and 
there  was  no  alternative,  but  to  pre-  marines ;    when  any  of  them  was 
ceed,  and  trust  to  Providence.  taken  ill,  one  of  the  85tb,  or  ser- 
To  supply  the  place  of  the  me-  geant  of  marines,  would  come   to 
dical  gentlecnen,  now,  l>ecame  one  report  it,  and  ask  if  Mr.  Douglass 
of  tke  most  serious  considerations  ;  could  be  expected  to  take  the  trou' 
it  is   oh^rved,  that  bleeding  has,  Ue  of  bleeding  him.     Hut  he  took 
t>efore  this,  been  tried  witli  appa-  the  earliest  opportunity  of  removing 
rent  .success,  and  lieutenant  Doug-  their  foolish  ideas,  and  gave  parti- 
lass  of  the  83  th,  who  luiderstood  cular  orders  to  the  petty  and  uon- 
notliiug    more    of    the    profession  conimissioned  officen,  that  the  mo- 
than  how  to  use  the  lancet,  found  ment  a  man  was  seized  with  any 
himself  under  the  necessity  of  un-  of  the  leading  symptoms  of  fever, 
dertakinf;  the  treatment  of  the  sick,  he  should  be  informed  of  it,  arid, 
llie  pLicc  allotted    for  them   was  that  at  any  hour,  whether  in  bed, 
now   full,    and   others   thought   it  at  dinner  or  at  breakfast,   no  cotisi- 
daugerovis   lo  go  near  tlieni ;  bu 
did  not  appear,  in  the  Wast, 
iliost-   wlui    were  inseparably  c 
nected   with    the  sick   were  n 
suUject    to  the  dis<-.ase  than   ll 
who  took  every  precaution  pos! 
til    kc<|)  aM-ny  Irojn   tliem.     I 
\iiili-;(;\!ulin>;    tlie  fate    of  the 
%'■■"»    ■.iu'.\   hia    mate,    tliere    ai 
11  fa 


.iliGISTER,  1802. 


HUT, 
111*: 

.n,    iiiJt  if 

,Kih  .>uvi  on, 

^.    !j»jK-.  trance 

.  .  .,'i«)lli>    rt    the 

...  .X   .Hii  vcrv  little 

.    ..  I  \ .   •.iia  ^ucli  was 

...  A*-  -'i"  mis'J.ni^  tu 

iJi;    1)V    CLilomel, 

.,  . .  .li .  nine  whose  fate 

..-iL-u  Ui  it,   toar  only 

\v»   hwcr    iluiii   sixty- 

, .  ii  WiK.\\  bv  Mr.  D«.iiglass, 

•,.\Mi!ul    was    ihc    g'>od 

:.   ;liai  the  greatest  part 

..  \, .  i;ld  be  loiind,  the  next 

.    ..,[  w.iv    allej*   thev  had  un- 

,  .  .■     tiie    oi)eraliun,    attending 

.-. ,  :  \  ,.t  I  lie  ^hip.     They  hardly 

,.\    iiKunveiiiencc    from    tlie 

,   ...  ;i    .iher    the    second   day   at 

■r:,.!!v^:.     'The    raeulty  recommend 

\:    .•  =:.v'.^;v'1:a  on  the  few  occasions 

■  ..  .    ..,i-.v  U)  l)l{r.ding  on,  but  Mr. 

' »«  ■.■:;l.l^^,  lioni  want  of  practice  in 

..•    u.iv,    has  been    more   timid, 

■  • liuays  earefld  to  cut  only 

.  ..ix  .'.i...  laro^e  to  bleed  freelv, 
.  ■  '•:  '.\w  liY^i  did  not  eive  relief, 
I..  :ii..-.:i  '.I  bv  drawin<^  the  same 
v,:::)^;v  :  III  some  instancfs  three 
.  ii.-»  v\i-re  feuiid  neees;;ary.  The 
.:•:.■  \  drawn  at  a  time  from  a 
,.  •».■..   :' 'e  man  wa.s  hcilf  a  pint. 

'I'liv.: -.^:;i/,  died  ?>ix  men.  Since 
^■. .  ''.-.  i'^^c  ;!:e  use  of  the  master, 
':.'.^     ii.    sanoly    his    place    in    na- 

V  .•'..'.:  !'i^  ilii'  s!;ip  was  a  matter  of 

V  !  V  >(:io-.i>i  eini^lder.uion.  All  were 
.;!'.  i!iv  r\pi.'sed  tu  the  fital  foe, 
*.rvl  \lr.  I'miion,  seeing  all  his 
v(iM)ji.,.u:v,  witli  whom  he  had 
■I  ^  ij  .t  IttLi.?  Time,  and  in  many  a 
•  r'f;jiir>  s'.n:.'t:;ni,  laken  away  in  so 
■li^-'iL  a  lijDv',  appeared  to  have  an 


Uica  that  he  must  very  soon  follow  ^ 
a::d  he  often  said  he  liad  no  wish 
tu  live  after  them.  Lieutenant 
Douglass,  for  some  days  before  this, 
applied  the  most  of  the  lime  he 
Could  spare  frora^thc  sick  to  the 
study  of  ihe  practical  parts  of  na- 
vi'gaiion,  in  which  he  soon  made 
a  tcilerable  good  progress  j  and 
keeping  Mr.  Hutton*s  mind  a  good 
deal  engaged  in  explaining  the  most 
ditficult^paris,  was  of  itself  very 
useful^  this  way  we  passed  the 
time  until  ali'airs  began  to  take  a 
turn.  There  were  two  other  gen- 
tlemen, passengers  on  board  (lieu-^ 
tenant  Franchisin,  afthe()Oth,  and 
ensign  Richard  Longfield,  of  the 
85th  regiment);  and  thus,  Ibrming 
a  small  society  of  four,  endea- 
voured at  all  times,  when  it  wai 
possible,  to  drive  away  all  melan- 
choly thoughts,  and  speak  of  the 
happy  days  we  were  yet  to  see  in 
old  Knghnd. 

Friday,  29lh,  latitude  31°  30*. 
Died  the  surgeon,  the  boatswain, 
and  three  men.  Mr.  Taylor  now 
began  to  get  better. 

Saturday,  died  the  surgeon's 
mate,  Mr.  Varley,  one  of  tlie  three 
\\  omen  on  board,  and  three  men. 

Sunday,  Liritude  33°  6'.  Died 
four  men.  The  sick  by  this  time 
Were  getting  tew  by  deaths,  and 
seme  wei"c  siill  in  a  desperate 
state. 

?»Ionday,  1st  of  November,  died 
three  men.  Hard  gale  all  day  and 
nigiu  widi  rain  and  lightning,  gomg 
our  course  at  ihe  rate  of  nine  to 
ten  l.nots  an  hour.  The  rage  of 
tlie  disease  now  began  to  abate. 
Ihe  hard  gale,  which  continued 
fcT  nine  di»ys,  though  against  us, 
exeept  die  f}rst  day,  must  have 
reatiy  eradicated  the  disease,  for 

now 
1 


MISCELLANEOUS  ESSAYS. '  A        '  81* 


now  eveiy  day  lessened 
plaints. 

I'uesday,    died  two  m 

tude  37°  55'.  -Wind  s 
diaiiE;ed  against  us. 

Wednesday,  diid  onen 
Taylor  was  now  able  to 
of  his  cabin  supported  by 
his  recovery  was  slow,  1 
tended  liii>  duty  from  thic 

Thursday,  strong  ga 
nued  with  rain.  Died  W 
fnastei's  mate,  .^  fine  lat 
Ibirteen  years  old.  son  to  th 
captain ;  he  wiis  taken 
last  Sunday,  but  conceali 
the  next  day,  when  He 
(wice :  he  was  thought  ti 
that  night,  but  the  next 
he  was  so  ill ,  that  bleedi 
time  was  thought  necessa 
ho  effect. 

',  Friday,  strong  gale* 
No  death  this  day,  for 
since  the  l6th  of  Octol 
only  three  men  died  after 
had  lingered  a  long  ~tir 
something  of  the  bad  cffe( 
fever.  We  had  a  contin 
the  same  unpleasant  sto; 
ther  uiitil  Thursday,  Nov 
latitude  42°  l6'. 

FriiLiy    12,   moderate 
Made  soundings  in  ninei 
thorn  water. 

.  Saturday,  at  nine,  san 
South  coast  ofNovaScotii 
ed  in  fifty  fatlionis.  TJ 
the  65th  were  now  suf 
vercly  from  the  cold ;  th 
kind  of  bedding,  but  s. 
bare  hammock,  '  nothLiE 
kind  biding  allowed  their 
barking  from  Jamiiica, 
siuLidJng  that  application 
iiuitle,  and  tlie  captaii 
rr presented  the  likely  i 
^iciice  «f  men  chaiiginj 


«K>         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


ntdniue  mMtr^  ftccordiiig 
to  his  orders,  ^  all  the  wcanbk 
artidcs  belonging  to  the  dedcaaed 
o^oers,  and  took  tbcm  t6  some 
distance  fixxn  the  anchoring  places^ 
where  they  ijrerc  sunk  *. 


letter  Jrom  Edmund  Bitrke  to  Col. 
FaUatuff  (nevtr  publishedj^ 

I  WAS  obliged  to  make  amends 
for  the  loss  of  your  conversation 
by  your  book,  for  which  1  give  yoa 
my  best  tlianks :  it  is  indeed  a  work 
of  uncommon  sagacity  and  erudition^ 
and  as  entertaining  as  it  is  iiit^truc- 
th-e.  I  often  thought  I  was  rcatling 
Warbwrton. 

Your  industT}'  in  collecting  such  a 
body  of  matter  does  you  gTeat  credit : 
by  the  relatione  you  ha^^e  discovered, 
and  the  new  conibiuattons  you  have 
made :  and  what  you  ha\^  brought 
frrnn  tht^  remotest  quarters  to  bear 
iiatmaily  on  the  subjt^ct,  a  true  dis- 
tinctive chai-acter  of  genius  appears  in 
the  work,  lliis  is  as  much  as  I  am 
qualilied  to  say.  Whether  your  sys- 
tem is  tully  established  is  beyond 
my  decision.  I  know  that  f<r)r  tlie 
first  time  you  liave  interwoven  and 
connected,  in  a  maniwr  not  easy  to 
be  hereafter  s<*paratcd,  the  "  Irish 
Antiquities,"  with  tliose  of  polite 
and  learned  nations,  whicli  are  not 
a  whit  less  uncertain  than  diose  of 


their  ner  aUf.    By  abowmg  thetr 
couformity  and   connection,    yoo, 
{ierha^,  give  iome  better  aath^ity 
to  b^,  than  either  were  befbi« 
possessed  of.    Your  system  of  aolV'* 
ir^  many  difficulties  *  bjT   the  dis- 
position of  colomes/  to  s^ljr  the ' 
events  and  personages  of  the  anctent 
countr}*^  to  their  new  settiementy  it 
v^ry  tngentous/y  and,  when  supported, 
by  strong  analogies  .of  fact,  tery 
probable.  ^  However,  we  must  not: 
forget  that  in  this  system  we  seloot 
by  admitting  one  of  the  fiindamentat  i 
parts  of  the  story  to  be  enfeebled  bf' 
the  fabulous  and  the  tbiged,  ao  fir 
as  it  is  said  in  the  kxsd  partknsdais^ 
We  are  in  this  systan  obliged  to** 
establish  the  .cifdit  of  our  witness 
by  falsifying  the  circumstances  of^ 
his  testimony;    and  to' prove  tfiMC* 
the  things  are  true  in  some  retfpc^ct^* 
thougli  the  relaters  meatt  to  deceive 
in  others !     This  may  leave  some 
doubt  even  in  a  mind  like  mine, ' 
which,  in  all  matters  of  interesting 
research,  does  certainly  not  like  to 
be  disap|X)inted.     But  whether  we 
readers  can  even  assure  ourseU*es 
perfectly  that  we  shall  ei^r  arrive  at 
the  end  of  our  journey,  we  have  all 
the  reason  to  be  pleased  M'itb  tlie.* 
guide  and    die  com|)anion.     Will 
you  iiave  the  goodness  to  pordon  me 
for  reminding  you  of  what  I  once  • 
before  took  the  liberty  to  mention ; 
my  earnest  wish  tliat  some  of  the 


♦  The  reader  i^  reffjtred  to  No.  52,  page  S91,  of  the  Medical  and  Physical  Journal, 
1800,  for  doctor  Harness's  report  on  this  successful  and  ntw  mode  of  ncating  the  yel- 
low fever  at  its  commcncctnent.  In  a  note,  which  does  honour  to  the  editor  of  tint  ji*- 
luable  work,  is  the  following  passage : 

'*  Our  admiration  of  the  uncommon  merit  of  this  officer  (lieut.  D.)  naturally  led  us  to  ;.  - 
inquire  whctht- r  his  conduct  had  been  properly  represented  to  those  who  have  the  power 
to  reipvard  »t  •,  and  we  were  assured  that  it  had.  We  also  learned,  that  apprehending  the 
duties  of  captain  and  master  ot   the  ship  might  possibly  devolve  on  him  as  *fdl  as  • 
thoisc  of  the  surgeon  and  mate,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  navigation,  and  in  a  * 
aliort  time  mudc  such  a  progress  in  the  practital  part  of  it,  as  would  hav<i  wiabled  hiin    ' 
to  conduct  ihr  ship  home  with  safety ! — Wc  hope  this  note  will  induce  his  friends  ^  • 
gratify  us  wi:a  more  p^irticular  inforaiation  rtspecdiig  him  and  his  fixtore  prcmotion.''  * 

•BCiCQt 


•^  V 


:ani:icnt  Iri&h  historical  moDuments  borrowed  those  booX>  upwudt  of 
hliould  be  pDblished  as  they  stand,  twenty  years  ago,  I  had  £rst  leave 
M-jth  a  translation  in  Latin  or  £ng<  to  transmit  them  to  Ireland.  I  did 
li^h.  Until  something  of  this  it  with  a  ht^  and  viev  that  some- 
kind  be  done,  criticbm  can  have  no  thing  of  the  kind  which  I  recoia- 
sccure  anchorage.  How  shall  wc  ng^ndcd  should  be  done,  if  any  per- 
he.  enabled  to  judge  of  histories  or  son  of  alulity  should  be  foond  to  do 
liislorical  discussion  im  English  af-  it.  'fhaf  ability  has  been  fonnd. 
fairs,  when  rcfi;rences  are  bad  to  -But  if  any  accident  should  happen 
Bede,  to  liie  Saxon  Chronicle,  to  to  yoo  and  to  Mr.  O'Connor,  what 
Ingnlphii;,  and  the  rest,  whilst  security  have  we  that  any  other  like 
those  authors  lurked  in  libraries,  or,  yon  should  start  up? 
wtiat  is  worse,  lay  in  the  hands  of  You  will  have  the  condescension 
indi\id»Hls?  If  nothing  d^  could  togivf  n^e  the  pardon  I- once  more 
be  dune,  I  should  wish  to  see  com-  request  for  the  liber^  1  take  in  pro* 
plete,  that  remaining  morsel  of  the  posing  troubletoTOu,  whichnotliing 
Brehon  laws  in  sir  John  Sebright'!  but  the  high  hoBonr  and  esteem  I 
M.S.  •        '                 -■■    ■ 

Vou  have  published  enou^  at  a 
spAimcn,  to  excite  curipeiiy,  and 
tlic  world  has  given  ci*edit  to  yaur 
labours,  and  are  petitioners  £ot  the 
whole  to  the  bounty  which  has  given 

Ttiere  is  no  doubt  of  a  sub- 
scription sufficient  to  defray. the 
expense.    I  assure  ya^i,   fvhm  I 


S22        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


.  •.  I 


POETRY. 


ODE  Jhr  the  New  Year,  18O2. 

•  •  •     *       I  •       •     . 

/ 

By  Henry  James  Pte,  Es^,  Pdet-Laureai , 

LO,  from  Bellona's  crimson  car 
At  length  the  panting  steeds  unbound  ; 
At  length  the  thunder  of  the  war 

In  festive  shouts  of  pcate  is  drown'd  2 
Yet,  as  around  her  monarch's  brow 
Britannia  twines  the  olive  bough. 
Bold  as  her  eagle-eye  i§  cast. 
On  hours  of  recent  tempest  post ; 

Through  the  rude  wave  and  adverse  gale,*  *  •        * 

When  free  she  spread  her  daring  sail. 
Immortal  glory*  s  radiant  form 
Her  guiding  load-star  through  the  storm ; 
Directed  by  whose  golden  ray. 
Through  rocks  and  sl^oals  she  kept  her  steady  way ; 
•'  My  sons,'*  she  cries,  "  can  honour's  guerdoi^  claim, 
♦'  Unsoil'd  my  parent  worth,  unstam'd  their  sovereign's  fame  ?^ 

Albion  !  though  oft  by  dread  alarms 

Thy  native  valour  has  been  tried. 
Ne'er  did  the  lustre  of  thy  arms 

Shine  forth  with  more  refulgent  pride 
Than  when,  while  Europe's  sons,  dismay *d> 
Shrunk  recreant  from  tliy  mighty  aid  j 
Alone,  unfriended,  firm  you  stood, 
A  barrier  'gainst  the  foaming  flood. 
When  mild  and  soft  the  silken  breeze. 
Blows  gently  o'er  the  rippling  seas. 
The  pinnace  then  may  lightly  sweep, 
Willi  painted  oar  iJie  halcyon  deej) : 

fiut 


POETRY. 

But  when  tlie  bowling  whirlwinds  rise. 

When  moimtain  billows  threat  die  skies; 

With  ribs  of  oak  the  bark  mast  brave 

llie  inroad  of  the  fiirious  wave;    ■ 

The  hardy  crew  must  to  the  raging  wind 

Oppose  the  sinc\vy  arm,  th'  oncouqucrable  iiiind. , 

In  every  clime  where  ocean  roars. 

High  tliough  thy  naval  banners  flew  j 
From  where  by  Hyperborean  shores 

Tlie  frozen  gale  ungenial  b)ew. 
To  sultry  lands  that  Indian  surges  lave, 
Atlantic  isles,  and  fam'd  Cani^us'  wave ; 
Though  from  insulted  Egypt's  coast 
Ihy  armies  8"yept  the  victor  host. 
From  veteran  bands  where  British  valour  won, 
The  iofty  walls  of  Ammon's  godlike  sob  : 
Useless  thd  danger  and  tiie  toil 
To  free  each  self-devoted  soil, 
Ausiliar  legions  from  thy  side 
Jlecede  to  swell  the  Gallic  conqueror's  pride  ! 
While  on  Marengo's  fatal  plain, 
Faidiful  to  iionour's  tie,  brave  Austria  bleeds  in  vain. 

Not  fir'd  by  fierce  Ambition's  Hamc, 
Did  Albion's  monarch  ui^e  his  car 
Impetuous  tlirough  the  bleedingranks  of  war,. 
To  succour  and  protect  his  nobler  aim. 
His  guardian  arm,  while  each  Hesperian  vale, 
While  Lusitania's  vine-clad  mountains  hail 
Their  ancient  rights  and  laws  restor'd. 
The  royal  patriot  sheatlis  th'  avenging  sword ; 
By  heaven-born  Concord  led,  while  Plen^  smiles,  ' 
And  sheds  her  bounties  wide  to  bless  the  sister  islet. 


ODE  far  hi 
TOn 


N° 


Thi 
Terrific,  d 
■I'hat  ] 

Now  strike 

Responsive 

Symphonic 

While  gratefi 

And  hail  her 


824        ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1802. 

Tlirough  many  a  whirlwind's  blast  severe, 

The  rage  of  elemental  war. 
Stern  heralds  of  the  opening  year, 

Sol  urges  on  his  burning  car ; 
Though  dark  the  wint*ry  tempest  lours, 
lliou^h  keen  are  April's  icy  show'rs. 

Still,  still  his  flaming  coursers  rise. 

Till  high  in  June's  refulgent  skies 
'Mid  the  blue  arch  of  heav'n  he  victor  rides. 
And  spreads  of  light  and  heat  the  unextingoisb'd  tides. 

Glory's  true  sons,  that  hardy  race. 

Who  bravely  o'er  the  briny  flood. 
Smiling  serene  in  danger's  face, 

Uncheck'd  by  temp^t,  fire  and  blood, 
Britain's  triumphant  flag  unfurl'd. 
The  terror  of  the  wat'ry  world. 

Now  freely  to  the  fav'ring  gale 

Of  con»merce  spread  the  peaceful  sail. 

And  friendly  waft  from  cv'ry  shore. 

Where  ocean's  subject  billow^s  fodr. 
The  gifts  of  Nature,  and  the  works  of  toil. 
Produce  ofev'ry  clime  and  ev'ry  soil. 
The  genius  of  the  sister  isles 
On  the  rich  heap  exulting  smiles, 
'*"  Mine  the  prime  stores  of  earth's  remotest  zone, 
'*  Her  choicest  fruits  and  flow'rs,  her  treasures  all  nif  own. *^ 

Nor  second  you  'mid  glory's  radiant  train. 

Who  o*er  the  tented  field  your  ensigns  spread : 
Whtither  on  Lincelles'  trophied  plain 

Before  your  ranks  superior  numbers  fled ; 

Or  on  lerne's  kindred  coast 

Ye  aush'd  invasion's  threat' ning  host ; 
C)v  on  fam'd  Egypt's  sultry  sands 
Tlie  banner  tore  from  Gallia's  vet'ran  bands  $ 

Your  sinewy  limbs  with  happier  toil 

New  till  your  country's  fertile  soil. 

Mow  with  keen  scythe  the  fragrant  vale. 

Or  wliirl  aloft  tlie  sounding  flail. 

Or  bow  with  many  a  sturdy  stroke. 

King  of  our  groves,  the  giant  oak  5 

Or  now  tlie  blazing  hearth  beside, . 

With  all  a  soldier's  honest  pride. 
To  hoary  sires  and  blooming  maidens  tell 
Of  gallant  chiefs  who  fought^  who  cooque/d,  or  who  fcQ. 


Yet 


■  I  • 


POETRY.  SM 

Yet  111  the  arms  of  peace  reclin'd. 
Still  flames  the  free,  the  ardent  mind  j 
And  should  again  scditign's  roar. 
Or  hostile  inroad  threat  our  shore, 
From  )abuur"s  field,  from  commerce'  ware. 
Eager  would  rush  the  strong,  the  brave. 
To  form  an  adamantine  zone  > 

Around  their  patriot  mo»arch'ti  tlironc. 
But  long  with  plenty  in  her  train 

May  Concord  Bpread  her  halcyon  reign,  , 

And  join  with  festive  voice  the  lay  sincere 
Which  sings  th'  auspicious  morn  to  Britain  ever  dev. 

PROLOGUE  to  the  First  Part  of  Shakespeart't  Henry  the  Fourth. 

Spoken  in  the  Character  of  Faljtqff",  at  Drury-Lane  Theatre,  ^  Mr.  Stephen 
Kemhk,  whose  remarkable  Obesity  precStded  the  Necestiti/  ^sbiffing. 


No  feather- be 
But  all  good  hi 
And  weighiue 
Ufion  the  Noi 
And  hither,  ii 
For  in  a  chaise 
And  no  mail-< 
Blest  with  uu' 
Will  thvour  ti. 
And  should  h 
Bear  due  proji 

This  is  the  iw. 
To  you,  with 
Should  you  a; 
To  lie  and  sy 
If  noi,  to  beti 
And  go,  as  b 

PROLOGUE  to  U) 

and  acted  at 

By  thi 

TIIO'  r 
The 

Tiio'  hence 
Page  maxin 


826        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802, 

Not  so  the  poet  checks  his  bolder  fires ; 
Full  is  the  bard  whom  sober  sense  inspires !      ■ 
Th'  unshackled  Muse  disdains  such  vtdgar  rokif 
And  claims  prescriptive  right — to  play  the  fbd. 

Shall  then  fastidious  spleen,  with-  critic  Fpite, 
Presume  to  censure  what  \t  fears  to  write  ? 
Shall  captious  wits,  to  morfem  genius  foes, 
'1  he  rich  improvements  of  the  stage  oppose  ? 
The  public  palate,  saucily  *tis  said. 
Glutted  with  offal,  is  on  garbage  fed : . 
And  soon,'  cry  these  alarmists  of  the  stage, 
(Who  hope  the  mischiefsj  that  tlieir  fears  presage) 
Soon^  one  and  all.  Box,  Gallery,  and  Fit, 
The  stage  itself,  will  loathe  the  name  of  wit} 
I>ay  after  day,  our  Spectre  dramas  cramm*d 
\Vith  heav'nly  spirits,  ipr  with  goblins  danm'd— 
Of  tame  extravagance  9  cumb'rous  mass, 
1'hat  barren  brains  on  patient  fashioii  pass— - 
33y  lQ>y  Phantasmagoria  farce  debas'd,      •   " 
The  dull  Lyeeum  erf  dfigeneratb  taste  I 


k 


•-.•; 


With  these,  a  flimsy,  flippant  tribe  combine— 
Autliors — who  blush  to  thro\Y  their  pearls  to  swine  3 
Vain  of  the  triumphs  of  rff^Vclerf  plays>  -  I 

And  talents,  never  mortifiwi  by  praise  •  jj 

Humbly  who  vaunt,  who  haughtily  confess  .J 

Their  tasteful  toils  uninjur'd  by  success }    "  '' -y.. 

Seldom  insulted  hy  a  three  days  run,  >  ^ 

And  complimented  often  with — not  one.  ' 

Who,  lur*d  by  dreams  of  posthumous  applause. 
With  preface-pertnesa  reassert  their  cause !  • 
Or,  rash  fores  tallers  of  disgraceful  fame,  \ 

With  bolder  zeal  anticipate  their  shanae : 
Glow-worms  of  wit,  expot'd  to  light,  they  fede; 
£ut  shine  and  sparkle  in  their  native  shade ! 
Their  boast,  theJr  proud  distinction,  not  to  pleate^ 
Hooted  and  hiss*d,  they  calmly  sit  at  ease  ',  ' 

While  conscious  genius  happily  supplies 
Th'  impartial  justice  that  the  world  denies. 

We  modest  play*rs,  by  your-  protection  nurst. 
Who  hope  the  best,  yet  always  fear  the  worst. 
Prudent,  we  venerate  the  public  voice  J 
The  standard  of  our  judgment  is  your  choice;  . 
Our  piece  to-night  may  brave  the  critic  fiost| 
In  truth,  Urania  is  but  Afl^a  ghost;     ^  ** 


E    Q    E    T    R    T. 

Of  fain/forvt,  but  not  of  specfre  hrood, 

A  living  vision,  warm  with  vital  Wood  t 

Critics,  ungentle  critics,  be  polite  ! 

O,  if  not  fond,  be  dml  WxKjiTst  night ! 

Then  comes  the  test! — then  comes  Ubania's  danger! 

Then — when  the  lady  n  no  moae  a  stranger ! 


jODE  ly  the  late  Right  Honouraile  W.  Husset  Bubgh,  Lord  Chief  Bonn    , 

•  of  the  Exchequer  of  Ireland.     (Never  puhHshed.J  ■ 

WHY  yes,  this  basy  scene,  my  friend, 
Werecurs'd  without  iUdestin'd  cild, 
"Which  reason  ought  to  give  ; 
From  wisdom  we  should  learn  at  last, 
To  taste  the  fruits  of  labour  past, 
And  forourselves  to-live. 

-or,  \ 
Wou'd  trifle  with  fiis  latest  hour. 

And  toil  till  life'^  extreme ; 
Nor  mark,  to  passion  stUl  a  prey. 
The  little  evening  of  his  day 

Wiih  one  indulgent  gleam  i 

The  laurel  who  would  cultivate. 

When  flames  the  summer's  scorchiiighMt, 

Or  wintry  storms  invade; 
If  6ome  fond  hope  he  did  not  breathe, 
palmly  at  length  to  rest  b 
'    Jts  honourable  shade  } 


IF  hush'd  the 
The  sky  if* 

When  our  perils 
No— Here's  ti 


ms        ANNCJAL     REGISTER,    180Z, 

And  slial]  not  hi*  luern'ry  to  Britain  be  dear, 
VVhose  exaiii})k?  wi  tli  envy  all  uaticMis  U*.hold  } 

A  statesman,  unhiass'd  by  iDt^rest  or  fear. 
By  pow'r  uncorruptcd^  uuiainted  by  gold  ? 

Wfio,  Trficn  terror  and  doubt  through  the  univerce  V^gjaN^ 
While  rapint*  aiid  treason  their  standards  unfurl'd^ 

The  heart  and  tlie  hopes  of  his  country  maintain*d. 
And  one  kingdom  preserved  'mkUt  the  wreck  ef  the  W9>W* 

ITnhroding,  nntliankful,  we  bask  in  the  \Aazc, 

While  the  l)ean\s  of  the  sun  in  full  majestjr  Aint ; 

When  he  sinks  into  twilight  with  fondness  we  geofe. 
And  mark  the  mild  lustre  that  g^ds  his  decline. 

So  Fitt,  when  the  course  of  thy  greatness  is  a'er^ 
Thy  talents,  thy  virtues,  we  fondly  recall ; 

iVoit' justly  we  prize  thee,  when  lost  we  deplore  ; 
Adn^r*d  in  thy  zenith,  but  lov*d  in  thy  j^l 

() !  take,  then  —for  dangers  by  wisdom  repdl'4» 
For  evils^  by  courage  and  constancy  brav'd— 

O  I  take,  for  a  throne  by  thy  counsels  upl^ld. 
The  thanks  of  a  peopfe  thy  finn^icfis  has  8a^ir*4 ! 

Am!,  O  F  if  again  the  rode  whirlwind  shioiild  rise. 
The  downing  of  peace  should  fresh  darknesjS  defenn ; 

The  regrets  of  the  good,  and  the  feaxs  oi  the  vise. 
Shall  turn  to  tbe  pilot  thait  weathered  ibft  storm  i 


SONG, 

l^m  the  same  Occamn,  supposed  to  le  written  hy  Mr.  Gsohgb  Rosb*-  - 

TO  the  statesaaan,  whose  genius  and  jndgiHi^niatiir*^  . 
From  Grallic  ambition,  *midst  anarchy's  cry. 
To  his  country  her  krws  and  h^%  comn^cq  ¥^^^ 
Can  firiiton's  the  grateful  ipeoiorial  deny  ? 
No  !  just  to  his  claioi 
Of  B  patriot's  tiamet 
They  trust  not  his  merit  to  postkummis  fame ; 

Bemcmber  with  pride  wh^t  by  Chatbaia  W9t  doof,  • 
And  hallow  lU^  day  th«^  i^ye  inr)^  t9>  ^  ^* 

Borne*! 


' . 


P    O    E    T    R    T.  ■ 

Rome's  senate  decreed  to  her  worihie*  ovations) 
With  civic  rewards  sbe  encircled  their  brows } 
To  a  true  British  worthf  we  pout  our  libations, 
Wtiile  our  senate  her  ar<ler  fftiurk  bestows : 
Amidst  Europe's  alarais. 
With  persuasion's  blest  chaime, 
Biilain's  councils  he  led,  rous'd  her  heroes  to  amis  ; 
(11  the  dread  wreck  of  nations  her  empire  nuiuitaiiTcl, 
Her  spirit  uuconquff'd,  her  credit  uasbiia'd. 

No  Jacobin  rites  in  our  f&te  dull  prevail, 

Ouii  the  true  feast  of  reason — the  s»ul's  social  fltiw  j 
i^irc  »-e  ciierish  the  friend,  and  his  virtues  we  hail, 
ijiit  the  Gallic  tratemal  embrace  disavow : 
Tnipress'd  with  his  worth. 
We  indulge  in  our  mirth. 
And  bright  ijiines  the  {danet  that  ruTd  at  Ills  birtfa; 
Round  the  orbit  of  Britain,  O!  long  may  it  move 
Like  attendant  satellites  cin:£ng  CbeiT  Jove, 

To  the  counsels  of  Titt,  m  an  m  that's  past. 

Her  high  rank  'midst  the  nations  this  city  inay  trace; 
■J'hous^  his  statue  may  moulder,  his  mem'ry  will  last; 
-'  Tlic  great  and  the  good  live  agaitt  in  their  laoe." 
Ere  to  time's  distant  day 
Our  nurble  convey 
The  fame  thai  now  blooms,  and  will  ktMw  no  d«cay  ; 
Our  fathers'  example  our  breasts  shall  inspire. 
And  we'll  honour  the  sou,  as  they  honour'd  the  *ii«. 


LOCHIEL'S  WARNING. 
Bi,  Thomas  Camfbell,  Es^,  Auikor  of  ike  "  PieasMra  ^Hape." 


LOCHI 
Whei 
K.r  a  field 
And  ti.<-  c 

'IVy  r;Jlv, 
Wuc,  wo.- 
Vs^^d  Cu< 


tSO       ANNUAL  feEGISTEft,   1802. 

A  steed  comes  at  morning :  bo  rider  is  there  j 

But  its  bridle  is  red  with  the  sign  oif.desiKur. 

Weep,  Albin !  to  death  and  captivity  led  ! 

Oh  weep !  bat  thy  tears  cannot  number  the  dead  :  I 

For  a  merciless  sword  on  Culloden  shall  wave, 

Culloden,  that  reeks  with  the  blood  of  the  brave. 

LOCH I EL. 

Go,  preach  to  the  coward,  thod  death-telling  seer  f 
Or,  if  gory  Culloden  so  dreadful  appear. 
Draw,  dotard,  around  thy  old  wavering  si^t; 
.    Tills  mantle,  to  cover  the  phantoms  of  firi^t;  , 

WIZARI>. 

• 
Ha  !  laugh'st  thou,  ixxrhiel,  my  vision  to  scorn  ? 
Proud  bird  of  the  mountain,  thy  plume  shall  be  lorn  ! 
Say,  nLsh*d  the  bold  eagle  exultingly  forth,  , 

From  his  home,  in  the  dark  rolling  clouds  of  the  north  f 
Lo  I  the  death-shot  of  foemen  out^peediog,  he  lodo 
Companionless,  bearing  destruction  abroad: 
But  down  let  him  stoop  from  his  havoc  on  high  ! 
Ah  I  home  let  him  sp^d — for  the  spoiler  is  nigh. .  , 

Why  flames  the  far  summit  ?  Why  shoot  to  the  blast 
Those  embers,  like  stars  from  the  firmament  cast  ? 
*lls  the  fire-show'r  of  ruin,  all  dreadfiiUy  driven 
From  his  eyrie,  that  beacons  the  darkness  of  heaven* 
Oh,  crested  Lochiel !  the  peerless  in  might,  . 
Whose  banners  arise  on  the  battlcmenfc**  height,  . 
Heav'n*s  fire  is  around  thee,  to  blast  and  to  bum  5 
Return  to  thy  dweUing  t  all  lonely  return  ! 
For  the  blackness  of  ashes  shall  mark  where  it  stood,' 
And  a  wild  mother  scream  o^er  her  famishing  brood. 

LOCMIEL. 

False  wif afd,  avaiiht  F  I  have  marshalled  my  clan :  - '      .     . 

Their  swords  are  a  thousand,  their  bosoms  are  one  !.      ?.  "*  '^1 

They  are  true  to  the  last  of  their  blood  and  their  breath. 
And  like  reapers  descend  to  ihe  harvest  of  death. 
Then  wekoine  be  Cumberland's  steed  to  the  shock ! 
I^t  him  dash  his  proud  fo^m.  like  a  wave  on  tliexock ! 
But  woe  to  his  kiiidred,  and  woe  to  his  Cause, 
When  Albion  her  claymore  i^ndignantly  draws.j 
Wlien  her  bonnetted  chieftains  to  victory  crowd, 
Clanranald  the  dauntless,  and  Moray  the  proud ; 
All  plaided  and  plum' d  in  their  tartan  array—* 


WIZARD. 

-^Lochiel,  Lochiel,  beware  of  the  day ! 


For,  : 


•i 


> 

0 


P    O    E    TRY.  SSi^ 

For,  dark  and  despairing,  my  sight  I  may  seal^ 

But  man  cannot  cover  what  God  would  reveal : 

*Tis  the  sunset  of  life  gives  me  mystical  lore. 

And  coming  events  ca?t  tlieir  shadows  before. 

I  tell  thee,  Culloden's  dread  echoes  shall  ring 

With  the  bloodhounds,  that  bark  for  thy  fugitive  king. 

Lo  !  anointed  by  Heaven  with  the  vials  of  wrath. 

Behold,  where  he  Hies  on  his  desolate  path ! 

N(nv,  in  dlrkn«ss  and  billows,  he  sweeps  from  my  sight :  ' 

Uisj  !   Rise  !  ye  wild  tempests,  and  cover  his  flight.  ..... 

.  .  .  'Tis  finish'd.    Their  thunders  arc  husli'd  on  the  mooTfi  j 

Culloden  is  lost,  and  my  country  deplores  : 

But  where  is  the  iron-bourid  prisoner  ?     Where  ? 

Fur  die  red  eye  of  battle  is  shut  in  despair^ 

Say,  mounts  he  the  ocean  wave,  banish'd  forlornj 

Like  a  limb  from  his  country  cast  bleedirig  and  torn  ?  ^ 

Ah  no  !  for  a  davker  departure  is  near  ; 

I'he  war-drum  is  muffled,  and  black  is  the  bier  ; 

His  death-bell  is  tolling :  Oh !  mercy,  dispel 

Yon  sight,  that  il  freezes  my  spirit  to  tell  1 

Life  flutters  convuls'd  in  his  quivering  limbs. 

And  his  blood-streaming  nostril  in  agony  swims*' 

Accurs'd  be  the  faggots,  that  blaze  at  his  feet, 

Wiiere  his  heart  shall  be  throYvn,  ere  it  ceases  to  beat. 

With  tlie  smoke  of  its  ashes  to  poison  tlie  gale— — 

LOCHUL. 

Down,  soothless  insulter  !  I  trust  not  the  tide i 

For  never  shall  Albin  a  destiny  meet,  • 

So  black  with  dishonour,  so  foul  with  retreat. 

Tho'  my  perishing  ranks  slixmldbe  Strewed  in  their  gore> 

Like  tlic  ocean  weeds  heap*d  on  the  surf-beaten  shore, 

Locliiel,  untainted  by  flight  or  by  chains. 

While  the  kindling  cf  life  in  his  bd&om  remairi8> 

Shall  victor  exultyor  in  deatii  belaidlow> 

With  his  back  to  the  field,  and  his  feet  to  the  foe  i 

And,  leaving  in  battle  no  blot  on  his  name, 

l^jvk  proudly  to  Heav'n  frpm  the  death-bed  of  fame. 


THE  BEECH  TRE^E'S  PETITIONi 

» 

OH!  leave  this  b        i 
Spare,  woodi        , 
Though  shrub  or  i 
My  (hrk  un\ 


B32         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  180& 

Nor  fruits  of  autumn^  blossom-bom. 
My  green  and  glossy  ka\-cs  adorn ; 
Nor  murm'ring  tiribes  from  me  doire 
Th'  ambrosial  treasure  of  the  hive  : 
Yet  leave  this  little  spot  to  roe  — 
Spare>  woodman^  spare  the  beecben  tree.. 

Thrice  twenty  soramers  I  have  stood 
Inbloomless,  fruitless,  sditode—  4 

Since  childhood  in  my  mstling  bower 
First  spent  its  sweet  and  sportive  hoiir«» 
Since  youthful  lovers  in  my  shade 
Their  vows  of  truth  and  raptore  paid  ; 
And  on  my  trunk's  surviving  frame 
Carv*d  many  a  long-forgotten  name; 
Oh !  by  the  vows  of  gentle  sound. 
First  breath'd  upon  this  sacred  ground^ 
By  all  that  love  nath  whispered  here. 
Or  beanty  heard  with  ravish'd  €v : 
As  love*8  own  altar  honour  me  ^       * 
Spare,  woodman,  spare  the  beechen  tree* 


HOHENUNDEN. 
By  Tho.  "Campbell,  Es-j. 

ON  IJnden,  when  the  sun  was-low. 
All  bloodless  lay  th'  untrodden  snow> 
And  dark  as  winter  was  the  flow 
Offser,  rolling  rapidly. 

But  linden  saw  another  sight. 
When  the  drum  beat,  at  dead  of  night. 
Commanding  fires  of  death  to  light 
The  darkness  of  her  scenery. 

By  torch  and  trumpet  fast  array'd. 

Each  horseman  draw  his  battle-blade,  ,^" 

And  furious  every  charger  nei)^*d. 
To  join  the  dreadful  fe\  eliy. 

TJien  shook  the  hills>  with  thunder  riven  f 
llien  flew  the  steed,  to  battle  driven ; 
And,  louder  than  the  bolts  of  Heaven, 
Far  flash'd  the  red  artillery. 


it' 


POETRY,  833 

But  redder  yet  that  light  shall  glow^ 
On  Linden's  hills  of  stained  snow ; 
And  bloodier  yet^  the  torrent  flow 
Of  Iseo  r<41ing  rapidly. 

•Tis  mom  j  but  scarce  yon  level  sun 
Can  pierce  the  war-clouds,  rolling  dun. 
Where  furious  Frank,  and  fiery  Hun, 
Shout  in  their  sulph'roiis  canopy* 

The  combat  deepens.    On,  ye  brave. 
Who  rush  to  glory,  or  the  grave ! 
Wave,  Munich^  all  thy  banners  wave. 
And  charge  with  all  thy  chivalry ! 

Few,  few,  shall  part,  where  many  meet !    . 
The  snow  shall  be  their  winding  sheet. 
And  every  turf,  beneath  their  feet, 
Shal  be  a  8oldier*s  sepulchre. 


fatractfrom  /Ae  Plbasurss  op  Hope,  Ato  Edition,  ^^Tko^ai 

Campbell,  Esq. 

TILL  Hymen  brought  his  lovo-delighted  hour. 
There  dwelt  no  joy  in  Eden's  rosy  bow'r ! 
In  vain  the  viewless  Seraph,  lingering  there. 
At  starry  midnight,  charm'd  the  silen\  air  i 
In  vain  the  wild  bird  carol'd  on  tlie  steep. 
To  hail  the  sun,  slow-wheeling  from  the  deep  % 
In  vain,  to  soothe  the  solitary  shade/ 
Aerial  notes  in  mingling  pleasure  play'd  -, 
The  summer  wind  that  shook  the  spangled  tree. 
The  whispering  wave,  the  murmer  of  the  bee  j— 
Still  slowly  pass'd  the  melancholy  day, 
Abd  still  the  stranger  wist  not  where  to  stray,— 
The  world  was  sad !  the-  garden  was  a  wild ! 
And  man,  the  hermit,  sigh*d—tili  woman  smil'd ! 

True,  the  sad  power  to  generous  hearts  may  bring 
Delirious  anguish  on  his  fiery  wing ! 
Barr'd  firom  delight  by  Fate's  untimely  hand. 
By  wealthless  lot,  or  pitiless  command ; 
Or  doom'd  to  gaze  on  beauties  that  adorn 
The  smile  of  triumph,  or  the  frown  of  scorn ; 
While  Memory  watches  o'er  the  sad  review 
Of  joys  that  faded  like  the  morning  dew  > 
Vol.  XUV.  3  H  Pcicc 


•834        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 

Peace  may  dqxirt— and  life  andtiatUKKMa  -'. 

A  barren  path — a  wildnesSj  gndadream!        '  '  ''< ' 
■.    -       ...  .1.:^-:/.. 

But,  can  the  noble-mindfotevCTbrood, 
The  willing  victim  of  a  weary  mocxl. 
Oil  hcarllpsa  cares  that  squander  life  atraj',         "  -. .  ■ 
And  cloud  young  genius  bright' ning  into  day  ?^>    <  ' 
Shame  to  llie  coward  thought  that  *'erbeti«iy"4- --.-'• 
The  noon  of  manhood  to  a  myrtle  diade !  — 
If  Hope's  creative  spirit  cannot  raise 
One  trophy  sacred  to  thy .iutorcdayB,:        .'.:::.,-     i'l" 
Scom  thcdullcrowd  that  haunt  the  gkxKily'slniB^  "■ 
Of  iiopelesaloveto  tnnrmur  and  repine!  >  -.-./ 

But,  should'a. sigh  of  milder  mood  ^presfl 
Thy  heart-warm  wishes,  true  to  happiness. 
Should  Heav'n's  fair  harbinger  dd%ht  to  poor    .  ■  ■  " 
Her  blissful  visions  on  thy  pensive  hour,  '         - .      i   ' 
"Ko  tear  to  blot  thy  metnoiy's  pictur'd  page, .  >   . ., ;-  .'. 
Nofearsbut  sucli  as  &ncy  can  assuage;  t- 
Though  thy  wild  heart  some  hapless  hour  may  n"'" 
The  peacefiji  tenor  of  unvaried  bliss, 
(For  love  jnirsues  an  ever  devious  race. 
True  to  the  winding  lineaments  of  grace); 
Yet  still  may  Hope  her  talisman  employ 
To  snatch  from  Heaven.antidpatedjof, 
And  all  her  kindred  energies  impart 
That  bum  the  brightest  In  the  purest  heart  1 

When  'first  the  Rhgdian's  mimic  art  array'd 
The  Queen  of  Beauty  in  her  Cyptian  shade. 
The  happy  masMir  mingled  on  his  piece 
Each  look  tliat  charm'd  him  in  the  6ir  of  Greq 
To  faultless  Nature  true,  be  stole  a  grace         -i 
.From  every  finer  form  and  sweeter  face  j 
And,  as  hesojoum'don  tbe.^gean  isles,    . 
Woo'd  all  their  love,  and  tteg^ur'd  all  th^ir  smil 
Then  glow'd  the  tints,  pure,,  precious,  and  rcfin 
And  mortal  charms  seem'd  heav'nly  when  coml 
Love  on  the  picture  smil'd !  Expression  pour'd 
Her  mingling  spirit  there — and  Greece  ador'd ! 

So  thy  fair  hand,  enamour'd  Fancy!  gleans 
The  treasur'd  pictures  of  a  thousipd  scenes.! 
Thy  pcncU  traces  on  the  lover's  thouglit.. 
Some  cottage-home,  {ibai  towns  and  toil  laOfA 
Where  love  and  fore  may  claim  alternate  hMTf, 
Witb  peace  embosom'd  in  Id^lian  bow'ts.! ;;. ,-. 


POETRY.  83 

Remote  from  busy  life's  bcwildcr'd  way. 

O'er  all  his  heart  shall  taste  and  beauty  sway ! 

Free  on  the  sunny  slope,  or  winding  sJiore, 

With  hermit  steps  to  wander  and  adore ! 

Tliere  shall  he  love,  when  genial  mom  appears. 

Like  pensive  l)eauty  smiling  in  her  toar^, 

To  watch^the  brightening  roses  of  the  sky. 

And  muse  on  Nature  with  a  poet's  eye  !  — 

The  woods,  and  waves,  and  murm'riiig  winds  asleep  j 

And  when  the  Sun's  last  splendour  lights  tlie  deep. 

When  fairy  hnrps  th'  Hesperian  planet  hail. 

And  the  lone  cuckoo  sighs  along  the  vale. 

His  path  shall  be  where  streamy  mountains  swell 

Their  shadowy  qrandeur  o'er  the  narrow  dell. 

Where  mo'ikle'ihg  piles  and  forests  inter\'ene. 

Mingling  with  darker  tints  the  living  greeny 

No  circling  hills  his  ravish'd  eye  to  bound. 

Heaven,  earth,  and  ocean,  blazing  ;iil  around  ! 

The  moon  is  up  — the  watch-tow'r  dimly  burns— 
And  down  the  vale  his  sober  step  returns ; 
But  pauses  oft,  as  winding  rocks  convey 
The  still  sweet  fall  of  music  far  away ; 
And  oft  he  lingers  from  his  home  awhile. 


5 


dj^i 


To  watch  the  dflng  notes !  —and  start,  and  ^mile ! 

4 

Let  winter /Came !  let  polar  spirits  sweep 
The  dark'ning  world,  and  tempest- troubled  'deep  ? 
Though  boundless  snows  the  \ntlicr'd  heath  deform. 
And  the  dim  sun  scarce  wanders  through  the  *»torra  j 
Yet  sh.iil  the  smile  of  socijl  love  repay, 
Witli-BoenUl  light,  tlie  melancholy  day  ! 
And,  M'hc'i  its  short  and  :» alien  noon  is  o*cr, 
llic  ice-chain'd  waters  slumb'ring  on  the  shore. 
How  bri^^ht  the  faggots  In  his  little  hall 
Blaze  on  the  hearth,  and  warm  the  pictur'd  wall ! 

How  blest  he  names,  in  love's  familiar  ton.*, 
The  kind  fair  friend,  by  Nature  mirk'd  his  own 5 
And,  in  the  wa\  cless  mirrur  of  his  aiind. 
Views  the  ileet  years  of  pleasure.  l*-fr  ovhind. 
Since  Anna's  empire  o'er  his  heart  began  ! 
Since  first  he  call'd  her  his  before  the  holy  mm  ! 

Trim  the  gay  taper  in  his  rustic  dome. 
And  light  the  wintry  paradise  of  home :     , 
And  let  the  half  uncuitaufd  window  hail 
Some  way-woru  man  beniehted  in  the  vale ! 

3  H  2  '       Kow^ 


836        ANNUAL     REGISTER,    1802. 

Now,  while  the  moaning  night -'^'ind  rages  high,  . 

As  sweep  the  shot-stars  down  the  troubled  sky. 

While  fiery  hosts  in  Heav'n's  wide  circle  {^y. 

And  batlie  in  livid  light  the  milky  way. 

Safe  from  the  storm^  the  meteor,  ^and  the  shower. 

Some  pleaising  page  shall  charm  tlie  solenm  hour— 

With  pathos  shall  command,  with  wit  b^;uile, 

A  generous  tear  of  anguish,  or  a  smile—- 

Thy  woes j  Arion !  and  thy  simple  tale,     ^ 

0*er  all  the  heart  shall  triumph  and  prevail ! 

Charm'd  as  they  read  the  verse  too  sadly  true,  V 

How  gallant  Albert,  and  his  weary  crew^ 

Heav*d  all  their  guns,  their  foundering  bark  to  save. 

And  toil*d— and  shrieked  -^^and  perish'd  on  the  wave ! 

Yes,  at  the  de^  of  night,  by  Lonna's  steep. 
The  seaman's  cry  was  heard  along  the  deep ; 
There,  on  his  funeral  waters,  dark  and  yild. 
The  dying  father  blest  his  darling  child ! 
Oh  1  Mercy,  shield  her  innocence,  he  cried. 
Spent  on  the  prayer  his  bursting  heart,  and  died ! 

Or  will  they  learn  how  generous  worth  sublimea 
The  robber  Moor,  and  pleads  fot  all  his  crimes } 
How  poor  Amelia  kiss*d,  with  many  a  tear. 
His  hand  blbod-stain'd,  but  ever,  ever  dear ! 
Hung  on  the  tortur*d  bosoniof  her  lord. 
And  wept,  and  pray'd  perdition  fit>m  his  swprd ! 
Nor  sought  in  vain !  iat  that  heart-piercing  cry 
The  strings  of  nature  crack'd  with  agony ! 
He,  with  delirious  laugh,  the  dagger  hurl'd. 
And  burst  the  ties  that  bound  him  to  the  worl^  / 

Turn  from  his  dying  words,  that  smite  with  ^ted. 
The  shuddering  thou^ts,  or  wind  them  on  the  wboAtff 
Turn  to  the  gentler  melodies  that  smt       *  C 

Thalia*s  hai-p,  or  Pan*s  Arcadian  lute ; 
Or,  down  the  stream  of  Truth's  historic  page. 
From  clime  to  dime  descend,  from  age  to  age ! ' 

k 

Yet  there,  perhaps,  may  darker  scenes  obtrude. 
Than  Fancy  fashions  in  her  wildest  mood  j 
There  shall  he  pause,  with  horrent  brow,  to  rate 
What  millions  died — that  Caesar  might  be  great ! 
Or  learn  the  fate  that  bleeding  thousands  bore, 
March'd  by  their  Charles  to  Dueiper's  swampy  shores 


>»■ 


POETRY.  837 

Faint  in  his  wounds,  and  shivering  in  the  blast. 
The  Swedish  soldier  sunk — and  groan'd  his  last ! 
File  after  tile,  die  stormy  showers  benumb. 
Freeze  every  standard-sheet,  and  hush  the  drum ! 
Horseman  and  horse  contess'd  the  bil  ter  pang. 
And  arms  and  warriors  foil  with  hollow  clang! 
Yet,  ere  he  sunk  in  Nature's  last  repose. 
Ere  life's  warm  torrent  to  the  fountain  froze. 
The  dying  man  to  Sweden  turn'd  his  eye. 
Thought  of  his  home,  and  clob*d  it  with  a  sigh  ! 
Imperial  pride  look'd  sullen  on  his  plight. 
And  Chafles  beheld— nor  shudder' J  at  the  sight! 


Speech  of  the  Hosfs  Son  in  Herman  and  Dorothea.   From  the  German, 

(Onginai.J 


-W 


HEN  thus 


■Replied  the  noble  youth,  collected  tirni 

In  virtue's  dignity 

"  lliatman  indeed 
"  Were  base  and  heartless,  whose  obdurate  breast 
"  Were  steel'd  against  his  fellow-creatures*  wrongs, 
"  In  tliese  tempestuous  times. — Senseless  the  wretch 
**  That  for  the  welfare  of  his  father's  land 
"  Feels  not,  his  anxious  passions  watch  alarm'd— — 
For  me  the  actings  and  the  sight  to-day 
Lay  hold  upon  my  soul — I  walk*d  abroad. 
And  o'er  tiie  spacious  plains  beheld, 
Cluster'd  with  vines,  the  terminating  hills ; 
The  sunny  corn-field  waved  its  granary 
Ripeness,  tliat  woo'd  the  sickle — and  the  trees 
Held  out  the'u"  loaded  arms,  with  promise  fair 
*'  Of  fruitful  treasure  for  the  harvest  store. 
*'  But  woe  to  fruitful  fields  apd  peaceful  plains, 

*'  The  spoiler  is  at  hand True,  the  broad  Rhine 

*'  Protects  us  witli  his  flood — but  what  arc  floods, 
**  Or  mountains,  to  the  dreadful  enemy — 

'^  Whose  coming  is  a  whirlwind Old  and  young 

''  The  people  rise — to  battle  thousands  rush 
On  thousands  to  resist  th'  invading  foe. 
Reckless  of  death  and  danger— fits  it  now 
A  German  quietly  to  rest  at  home. 


€€ 
€€ 

ie 


€€ 

i€ 

tc 


"  Or  hope  tlie  general  danger  to  escape  ? — 
**  Believe  me,  mother,  I  am  griev'd  to  find. 


it 


In  tlie  last  levy  of  our  gallant  townsmen. 
My  name  exempt — true  I'm  your  only  son  j 
The  custom  of  our  house  is  flourishing, 

3  H  3  "  Our 


838  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802,         '    , 

"  Our  trade  extensive— but  in  such  an  hour, 

"  Oil,  were  it  betier  taincly  wailing  here, 

"  A  robber's  jokt,  a  tyrant's  confiscation,    :. 

"  Than  nobly  figbtitigm  the  piibliccausej 

"  To  guaiJ  our  native  borders  ? — Yix,  mygpirit 

"  Infonns  me  nf  the  power,  and  gives  the  will- 

"  To  live  oc  perish  for  my  country's  sake;      . .  ,  ,  , 

"  1'iiat  brave  example  I  ■will  leach  to  others.—— 

"■  Oh!  couW  ihe  flower  of  German  gaUantly, 

"  Our  youth,  assembled  on  our  f^ir  frontiers, 

"  Uphold  an  oath,  that  never  hostile  foot 

"  Shonlalrcadunpunish'don  our  fertile  fields* 

"  Then  should  no  [h'ouS  destroyer  ever  spoil 

"  Our  land  beneath  the  ruin'd  owner's  eyes  * !"   -. 

WAR  SONG  OF  THE  R.  EDINBURGH  LTGHT  DRAGOONS. 
By  Walleh  Scott,  Riq. 

TO  horse !  to  horse !  the  standard  flies> 
The  bugles  sound  the  call ; 
The  Gallic  navy  stems  the  seas, 
Tlie  voice  of  battles  on  the  breeze. 
Arouse  ye,  one  and  all ! 

From  high  Duncdin's  towers  we  cc 

A  band  of  brother's  true; 
Our  casques  the  leopard's  spoils  sur 
With  Scotland's  hardy  thisfle  crowi 

We  boast  the  red  and  blue  t- 

Tho'  tamely  crouch  to  Gallia's  pow 

Dull  Holland's  tardy  train; 
Their  ravish'd  toys  tho"  Romans  nji 
Tho'  gallnnt-Swilzers  ^■ainly  spurn. 

And  foaming,  gnaw  the  chain: 

O !  had  they  mark'd  th'  avenging  i 

Their  brelliren's  murder  gave. 
Disunion  ne'er  their  ranks  had  men 
Nor  patriot  valour,  desperate  growi 

SoiTght  freedom  iu  the  grave"! 

•  The  above  is  a  translation  from  ihe  "  Herman 
Ihu  must  popular  productionc  of  the  present  day  in 
pKSAS,  in  nervous  and  porltcal  language,  the  hoira 
vadcis,  ibroughaut  the  desolated  coumiy  on  the  ban 
(wi'.u^e  speech  it  is)  wishes  should  bc  done  in  Gem 
land'at  iliis  moment.    Edit. 

■f  I'lie  roj'iil  colourt.. 


-y-:  ^  ^P    0    E    T    R    Y,  ¥39 

Shall  we  too  bend  the  stubborn  head. 

In  Freedom's  tenriple  bom, 
Dress- our  pale  check  in  llmid  smile. 
To  hail  a  master  m  our  isle. 

Or  brook  a  victor's  scorn  ?     ' 


No !  though  destruction  o'*r  the  land 

Come  pouring  ^  a  floods 
The  sun,  that  sees  dur  falling  day. 
Shall  mark  our  $abre''$  Sc^idfy  sway,  . 

And  set  that  night  ia  b^ood.  - 


.  .      .     .        i 


For  g6ld  let  Gallia*^  ^^^^^  '^i^^ 

Or  plunder's  blgody  gain ;  ' 
Unbribed,  unbought,  bUr  sfWords  we  dr2^^ 
To  guairf  oilr  klli^,  thfe fence  o\ir  law,    "  '•  ' , 

Nor'Atail-theil:  cilgc  He-,vain/- 


r    ♦ 


If  ever  breath  of  British'^e  .   .  .  ^    .   .      .  i       .  - 

Shall  fan  the  tri-Goloui?',  *      .. ",.      .  ', 'T...^  a 

Or  footstep,  of  ii;iVaider  nidfc  '       .  r     * 

With  rapine  foul,  and  red  ^itbblbbd,  '  ^  ' '  ' 

Pollute  our  happy  shore;'^ -'- 

Then  farewell  hQnie«!r  ftodfaF©weU  fri^fB^^i  •  ::    ,\: 
Adieu  each  tcnd^c^tiisrS-,  •        r  ,  ..  .i,., :t 

Resolved  we  mingle  iti  Ibe  tide^t  .     .    ,i..^.  -      •!..'> 

Where  charging  squadrons  furious  ri3e. 

To  conquer,  or  tadie.  .  %  r  ,•..    .,  ^  ^f^  t-.-''^^-^   '  I 

,  ....      I-.    .r,  /  •.  i./A4»LU  4  iL-. 

To  horse  !  Ik>  horse  1  Acsabrea  gle^Oi  J>'ffrf •:(•:> , 
High  sounds  our  bugje  call;  ■,•  .     l.;  d  c  f:  ^i^,:..  I 

Combined  by  honour's  sacred  tie. 

Our  word  is  laws  and  ^ibevty^ ! 
March  forward, .  one  ^^d-  all ! 


•  .  ■   i. .  - 


THE  MERMAID. 


,  r.-  ,  4 


Bj  J.  Lbydbn.      Dedicated  io  the  Right  Howurabh  Lady 

CUAIIXOTTE    CaMPBELJL. 

.    ■  •  •      ■ 

TO  brighter  charms  depart  my  simple  lay. 
Than  graced  of  old  tlie  maid  of  Colbnsay,  '         '; 
When  her  fond  lover,  lessening  fitora  her  view. 
With  eyes  reverted,  oer  the  surge  withdraw  I 

3H4  Bmt 


8«)        ANNUAL  RECSISrSR,  laos. 

But  happier  Still  sboold  lovely  CamplicU ung         ':',     ' 

'Tby  plaintive  nninben  to  the  fendMiw  itrii^. 

The  Mennaids  melting  Btnuni  vcmld  yield  to  Uie^  ,    ; 

Though  poured difliisivco'ei  the flUver  Ma),.  :^    ' 

Go  boldly  forth — but  ah  !  tliejis^iui^  tttton^     _  ,  j 

Rapt  by  the  Siren,  would  forget  the  song ! 

Lo !  where  they  paiuc,  ;     .- 

Afraid  to  break  thie  so: 

While  swells  to  sympa  ,  . :. 

'Tis  not  the  poet's,  bui  •'-''. 

Go  forth,  devoid  of  ^  , ' 

First  he^  returning  fi 

When  round  our  bark  .■■ 

And  broken  slumbers  [  - ' ' '' . 

While  round  tbepraw  '..'- . 

Shed  a  strange  lustre  c  ■,"  ^% 

While  harsh  and  ^sma  -,'"^-' 

Kound  'the  dark  rocks  I 

As  through  black  reefs  we  b^  our  .vcAfurii)U  iW9i,„  -., 

I  caught  the  wild  traditionary  li^,'         ,_  '  '       .  ,, .  '. 

A  wreath,  DO  more  in  Uack  IaU.YiiIe  .  .  *  '    .r) 

To  bloom — but  gtaix^i  by  b&{lHX^,  beauts  ■tnile. , ' ,  . 

ON  Jura's  heath,  how  iweetly  iwdl 

Tbemu^nm^f  tbtrajobnlain'beet  ■  "■/■:  '■-' 

How  sofUy  mourns  the  writfaSd'theU  '      --''"■ 

Of  Jura's  shore,  its  fmavJta^i  ■'■"    ■■''  '...''..     i 

But  softer  floating  o'er  the  *!^--     .  J'Tnr'^  o;. 
The  Mermaid's  sweet  sea'tooUiing  lay, 
Thatcharm'<i^^neiiigw»^'tO«U^  :  > '.oi<  '/l' 
Before  the  bark  c^CdodRiyi:^'"  ^     - ;"  ■^■■'  ■  ■■ '; 

Alofl  the  purple  pennontVbte,^ '  ' '"'  ■'"* 

As  parting  gay  from  Gfibao'B  rfiorej       ^'■*  "  ;-  '■'- 
From  Morven's  wars  the  seamen  braVe 
Their  gallant  chieftain  homewwd  bore. 

In  youth's  gay  bloom,  the  brave  Macphai] 
'    Sdll  bUmAd  thelingningbartt^ddfc)',-     ■  ■- ■.::id   .'- 
For  her  he  chid  the  flagging  s»t,  ■ ' 
The  lovely  maid  of  Colonsay. 

"  And  raise,"  he  cried,  "  the  song  of  love  j"      ■■■      ■ 
The  maiden  song  with  tearful  aniiie,  ■     n'^r*^ 

When  firsto'erJura'shilis. to  rove,  '    -  '■  _    ^.' ■'- 

,  Kj  We  left  afar  the  lonely  isk  J : 


.POETRY.  841 

*'  When  on  this  ring  of  riihy  red 
Shall  dye/*  she  said>  '*  the  crimson  hue, ' 
Know  that  thy  favourite  fair  is  dead. 
Or  proves  to  mec  and  love  untrae." 

Now  lightly  poised,  the  rising  oar 
Disperses  wide  the  foamy  spray. 
And  echoing  far  o*er  Crinan's  shore. 
Resounds  the  song  of  Colonsay.  ■ 


"  Softly  blow,  thou  western  breeze. 

Softly  rustle  through  the  sail. 

Soothe  to  rest  the  furrowy  seas,  ^         ■  . 

Before  my  love,  sweet  western  ^le ! 

"  Where  the  wave  is  tinged  with  red,    . 
And  the  russet  searleaves  grow. 
Mariners,  with  prudent  dread. 
Shun  the  shelving  reefs  btlow. 

*'  As  you  pass  thro'  Jurd'g  sotind, 
Send  your  course  by  Scarfoa's  shore,    . : 
Shun,  O  shun,  the  gulf  profound,  • 
Where  CorrivrekinJ s  surges  roar ! 

*'  If  from  that  unbottomcd  deep. 
With  wrinked  form  and  writhed  train, 
0*cr  the  verge  of  6carba*s  steep. 
The  sea-snake  leaves  his  snowy  mane ; 

^'  Unwarp,  unwind  his  oo^  coils, 
Sea-green  sisters  of  the  main. 
And  in  the  gulf,  where  ocean  boils, 
Th*  unwieldy  wallowing  monster  chain." 

^  Softly  blow,  thou  west^n  breeze. 
Softly  rustle  through  tlie  sail. 
Soothe  to  rest  the  furrowed  seas,' 
Before  my  love,  sweet  western  gale !" 

Thus  all  soothe  tlie  chieftain's  woe. 
Far  from  the  maid  he  loved  so  dear, 
'J'he  song  arose,  so  soft  and  slow. 
He  seemed  her  parting  sigh  to  ht^r. 

^  The 


U2        ANNUAL;    R  EGISTER,  1802» 

The  lonely  detk  be  paces  o'er,     .  '•* 

Impatient  for  the  rising*  day. 
And  still,  from  Crlnaa's  moon-li^t  aiiciie>^ 
He  turns  bis  eyes  .to  Colonsay . 

The  moonbeams  crisp  the  curling  stxrgi^ 
That  streaks  witkibam.the  ocean  green; 
While  forward  still  the  rower:?  urge 
Their  coiu-ae,  a  fensale  fortu  was  seeo* 

That  sca-m^'s  form  <rf  pearly  light  ■ 

Was  whiter  than  the  downy  spraj^ 
And  round  her  hDsom*,~.heavihg,  bright  "- 
Her  glossy,'  yellow  ringlets  play.  • 

Borne  on.  a  foamy-crested  wdir^/-      *•.'*', 
Slie  reached  amaiurthc  bounding  pny#;  " '        J; 
Then  clasping  fa-Mithe  chieftain  brave,         "  "  , 
She,  plunging,  sctzght  the  d^ep  below*     '  '■   "** 


Ah !  long  bcsidcrthy  feigned  bier,   ^ 
The  monks  the  prayef^  of  death  ^^  SajK .  """'  ^ 
And  long  for  thee,  the-6*aitle^ft  tear'  *  •  v  «•'•'*-  f 
Shall  weep  the  hiaid  of;CdoofiS4y  != '  •  •  - '   " 

But  downward Jike  a  pofWigfUstS^df^,  ^^'^''"^    *    * 
The  eddying' waives  the  chieftain bcdrj^iju/-',  *• '  ^ 
He  only  heard  the  moaning  hoarse^. . ''^^  **' ' '  ■    '  ^ 
Of  waters  xnurmuring.  in  ttfi  ear*  *  --'i"""  '  -• '-' '  • 


•  It 


The  murmurs  Bihk  by  slow  degrees-;  -m*^ 
No  more  the  surges -round  him  rat'ej""-  *'* '  .' 
Lulled  by  the  music  of  the  seas,  •  'M*- 
He  lies  within  a  coral  cave. "       '      " '  "  " 

In  dreamy  mood  Teclin^  he  long,  ''*■  ''}'  '-^^ 
Nor  dares  his  tranced  eyes  unclose, '  '' ' 
Till  warbling  wild,  the  sea-maid*^  sbhg,  '  ^  * 
Far  in  the  crystal  cavern;  rose,    •  ••'^  .  '  -    - 

Soft  as  the  harp's  unseen  controiil. 

In  morning  dreams  that  lovers  hear,  " '  . , 

Whose  strains  steal  sweetly  o*er  the  soiil/* 

But  never  reach  the  wafcng  ear :         ■        .       * 


Ai 


■ » ■ 


POETRY.  84$» 

As  sunbeams  through  the  tepid  air. 
When  clouds  dissolve  in  dews  unseen. 
Smile  on  the  flowers,  tliat  bloom  more  fair. 
And  li'jlds  thac  glow  with  livelier  green  : 

So  mcltiii^  ioft  tlie  music  fell ; 

It  sepnied  "to  soothje  the  fluttering  spray— 

*'  Say,  heardst  thou  not  these  wild  notes  swe])  j. 

All !  'tis  the  song  of  Colonsay.'* 

Like  one  diat  from  a  fearful  dream 
Awakes,  the  raoruing  light  to  view. 
And  jovs  to  see  the  purple  beam. 
Yet  fears  to  find  the  vision  true ; 

He  heard  that  strain,  so  "wikUy  sweet. 

Which  bade  his.  torpid  languor  fly  5 

He  feared  some  spell  bad  bound  his  feet. 

And  hardly  dared  his  limbs  to  try.  ^    • 

**  This  yellow  sand,  this  sparry  cave. 
Shall  bend  thy  soul  to  beauty's  sway  j        .  ^ 
Can'st  thou  the  maiden  of  the  wave 
Compare  to  her  of  Colonsay  ?" 

Roused  by  tliat  voice  of  silver  sound. 
From  the  paved  floor  he  lightly  sprung. 
And  j^lancing  wild  his  eyes  around. 
Where  die  fair  nymph  her  tresses  wrung. 

No  form  he  saw  of  mortal  mould  j 
It  shone  like  ocean's  snouy  foam  ^ 
Her  ringlets  waved  in  living  gold. 
Her  mirror  crystal,  pearl  her  comb. 

Her  pearly  tomb  the  Syren  took. 
And  careless  bound  jher  tresses  wild ; 
Still  o'er  the  mirror  stole  her  look. 
As  on  tlie  wondering  youth  she  smiled* 

Like  music  from  the  greenwood  tree. 
Again  she  raised  the  melting  lay; 
**  Fair  warrior  wilt  tliou  dwell  with  me. 
And  leave  the  maid  of  Colonsay  ? 

''  Fair 


84*        ANNUAL    register;   1802. 

"  Fair  is  the  crystal  liall  for  me. 
With  rubies  and  with  emeralds  set. 
And  sweet  the  music  of  the  sea 
Shall  sing,  when  we  for  love  are  met. 

*'  How  sweet  to  dance  with  gliding  feet. 
Along  thelevd  tide  so  green. 
Responsive  to  the  cadence  sweet. 
That  breathes  along  the  moonlight  scene ! 

*'  And  soft  the  music  of  the  main. 
Rings  from  tlie  motley  fortoise  shell. 
While  moonbeams,  o'er  the  watery  plain. 
Seem  trembling  in  its  fitful  swell. 

•'  How  sweet,  when  billows  heave  their  head. 
And  shake  their  snowy  crests  on  high. 
Serene  in  Ocean's  sapphire  bed. 
Beneath  the  trembling  surge  to  Ke, 

**  To  trace,'  with  tranquil  step  the  deep. 
Where  |>early  drops  of  frozen  dew. 
In  concave  shells,  unconscious,  sleep,   ,  ■    / 

Or  shine  with  lustre,  silvery  hue ! 

"  Then  shall  the  sumlher  sun,  from  far^ 
Pour  through  the  wave  a  softer  ray. 
While  diamonds,  in  bower  of  spar. 
At  eve  shall  shed  a  brighter  day.. 

*'  Nor  stormy  wind,  nor  wintry  gale. 
That  o'er  the  angry  ocean  sweep. 
Shall  o*er  our  coral  groves  assail, 
/      Calm  in  the  bosom  of  the  deep, 

"  'Rirough  the  green  meads  beneath  the  sea, 
Enamour'd,  we  shall  fondly  str^ ) 
Then,  gentle  warrior,  dwell  with  me. 
And  tave  the  maid  of  Colonsay!" 


'■  •  — 


*'  Though  bright  thy  locks  of  glistering  gold,  '    ^ 

Fair  n»iden  of  the  foamy  main  J 

Tliy  life-blood  is  the  water  cold. 

While  mine  beats  high  in  every  vein.  "  ♦ 


t< 


If 


POETRY.  ,94S 

"  If  I,  beneath  thy  sparry  cave. 
Should  in  tliy  snowy  arms  recline. 
Inconstant  as  the  restless  wave> 
My  heart  would  grow  as  cold  as  thine." 

As  cygnet  down,  proud  swell'd  her  breast^ 
Her  eye  confest  the  pearly  tear  ; 
His  hand  she  to  her  bosom  prest — 
*'  Is  there  no  heart  for  rapture  here  ? 

*'  These  limbs  sprung  from  the  lucid  sea. 
Does  no  warm  blood  their  currents  fill. 
No  heart-pulse  riot,  wild  and  free. 
To  joy,  to  love's  delirious  thrill  ?" 

"  Though  all  the  splendour  of  the  sea 
Around  thy  faultless  beauty  shine. 
That  heart  that  riots  wild  and  free 
Can  hold  no  sympathy  with  mine. 

*'  These  sparkling  eyes,  so  wild  and  gay^ 
They  swim  not  in  tlie  light  of  love  : 
The  beautious  maid  of  Colonsay, 
Her  eyes  are  milder  than  the  dove  ! 

''  Even  now,  witliin  the  lonely  isle. 
Her  eyes  are  dim  with  tears  for  me. 
And  canst  thou  think  that  Syren  smile 
Can  lure  my  soul  to  dwell  with  thee  T' 

An  oozy  film  her  limbs  overspread ; 
Unfolds  in  length  her  scaly  train ; 
She  tossed,  in  proud  disdain,  her  head. 
And  lashed,  with  webbed  fin,  the  main. 

*'  Dwell  here  alone  !*'  the  Mermaid  cried, 
*'  And  view  far  off  the  sea-nymphs  play  j 
Thy  prison  wall,  the  azure  tide. 
Shall  bar  thy  steps  to  Colonsay. 

"  Whene'er,  like  ocean's  scaly  brood, 
I  cleave,  with  rapid  fin,the  wave. 
Far  from  the  daughter  of  the  flood. 
Conceal  thee  in  this  coral  cave. 


tt 


I  fed 


S46        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 

**  I  feel  my  former  soul  return  \ 

It  kindles  at  thy  cold  disdain : 

And  has  a  mortal  dared  to  spurn  ' 

A  daughter  of  the  foamy  main  !*' 

She  fled ;  around  the  crystal  cave 
Thej'olling  waves  resume  their  road. 
On  the  broad  portal  idly  rave. 
But  enter  not  the  nymph's  abode. 

And  many  a  weary  night  went  by 
As  in  the  lonely  cave  he  lay. 
And  many  a  sun  roird  through  the  sky  ' 
And  pour*d  its  beams  on  Colonsay  j 

And  oft  beneath  the  silver  moon. 
He  heard  afar  the  Mermaid  sing. 
And  oft  to  many  a  melting  tunc,' 
The  shell- form'd  lyres  of  ocean  ring ; 

And  when  the  moon  went  down  the  siy. 
Still  rose,  in  dreamt,  his  native  plain. 
And  oft  he  thought  his  love  was  by. 
And  charm'd  him  with  some  tender  strain. 

And  heart-sick  oft,  he  wished  to  weep, 
Whefi  ceas'd  that  voice  of  silver  sound. 
And  thought  to  plunge  him  in  the  deep. 
That  wall'd  his  crystal  cavern  round. 

But  still  the  ring  of  ruby  red 
Retained  its  vivid  crimson  hue. 
And  each  despairing  accent  fled, 
.To  find  his  gentle  love  so  true. 

When  seven  long  lonely  months  were  gone. 
The  IVIermaid  to  his  cavern  came. 
No  more  mishapen  from  the  zone. 
But  like  a  maid  of  mortal  frame  : 

*'  O  give  to  me  that  ruby  ring 
That  on  thy  fiuger  glances  gay. 
And  thou  shalt  hear  the  Mermaid  sing. 
The  song  tliou  lovest,  of  Colonsay/" 


u 


HiH 


"T-  ■;■■  ■ 


^     O-  E    1?     Il    t5  '  ««7 

"  This  niby  ring  of  crimson  grain 

Shall  on  tliy  finger  'glitier  gay. 

If  thou  wilt  bear  me  through  the  mai» 

Again  to  visit Colonsay."    .     ■  .■  ;  :: 

,  "  Except  thou  quit  thy  forniOT  love, 
Conlent  to  dwell  for  aye  with  pie, 
Tliy  scorn  my  finny  frame  might  mote 
To  tear  thy  limbs  amid  the  sea."  .  " 

"  Then  hear  me  swift  along  the  maia 

The  lonely  isle  again  lo  see. 

And  when  I  here  return  again, 

I  plight  my  faith  to  dwell  with  thee."' 

An  oozy  film  her  limbs  o'erspread. 
While  slow  unfolds  her  scaly  train  ;  . '    - ' 
With  gluey  fangs  her"^hands  were  clad,        '■ 
She  lash'd  with  webbed  fin  the  main. 

He  grasps  the  Mermaid's  scaly  lidbs 

As,  with  broad  fin,  she  oars  her  way ;  , 

Beneath  the  silent  moon  she  glides. 

That  sweetly  sleeps  on  Colonsay. 

Proud  swells  ber  heart !  she.deems  at  last 
To  hire  him  with  her  silver  tongne. 
And,  .1?  the  shelving  rocks  she  past. 
She  rais'd  her  voice  and  sweetly  bunff. 

In  softer, 


O  s!id  (he 

And  sadly 
So  s=.dly  n 
OfJ-jra's 

And  ever 
The  cham 

For  sadly 
The  lovelj 


S|48         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1801. 


THE  EIGHTH  LECTURE  ON  CONDUCTING  A  SlilT  AT  LAW. 

(From  the  Second  Edition  of  the  Plkadbx*s  Quids,  attrihui^  lo . 

Mr.  Anstby,  Jun.J 

Examination  of  Witnesses  for  the  Plaintiff. 

Mr,  Shmn  Trout,  Dissenting  Preacher,  Schoolmaster,  examine^  by  jfr. . 
Bother'um — cross- examined  hy  Mr.  Bore*um.     Evidence  of  Dr.  Tend^ 
Surgeon  and  Apothecary. 


p 


Bother'um  whispers  his  Attorney. 

|R  AY,  are  our  witnessess  all  here,     .  . 
Our  scaly  friends,  from  Toadland  Meer ! 
Att.  .      Here*s  Dr.  Tench  and  preacher  Trout,     . 

And  farnier  Chubb  will  come,  no  doubt* 
Bother.  Call  Simon  Trout — we'll  first  begin 

With  Mr.  Trout  5  come^  swear  him  in. 
Crier.     Here,  Simon,  you  shall  fSilence  there) 

The  truth,  and  all  the  truth  declare. 

And  nothing  but  the  truth  be  willing 

To  speak,  so  help  you  G — d, — (a  shilling)-— (^of&fe.^ 

Trout's  sworn. 
Bother.  Pray,  sir,  did  you  attend 

Th'  election  feast  at  Toadland's  End  ? 

The  feast  1  mean  before  the  poll-day  ?— 
Trout.    Yes,  sir,  I  tarried  there  the  whole  day. 

Albeit  I  never  go  to  dinners,  •  ^ 

To  feast  with  publicans  and  sinners. 

And  ever  it  hath  been  my  rqle 

On  no  account  to  quit  my  school. 

As  in  my  absence,  I'm  aware, 

Satan  will  not  be  idle  there  ! 

I  own,  sir,  I  for  once  tr^nsgress*d  it. 

The  inward  light  so  strongly  press'd  it, 

A  call  I  never  could  withstand !  ' 

But  touching  the  affair  in  hand. 

As  it  regards  the  late  election 

I've  but  a  feeble  recollection— 
Bcyre.  1  (Your  inward  light  must  fail  you  greatly,  .       i 

(aside.)  S  If  you've  forgot  what  pass'd  so  lately;^)  /     1 

Trout,   There  was^  squabble  and  some  oatl^i, 

Axid  liquor  spilt  on  plaintiff's  clothes  % 


POETRY. 

'Squiie GuJgeoii's  face  was  bruis'd,  I're  beard  ; 

His  Sunday  raiment  much  besmear'd  i 

Anil  doctor  Tench  inform'd  me 

Hun.  Pooh  !— 

Don't  te] 
JiotluT.  Stop,  M. 
ifcw.  My  lord. 
Bolhcr.  These  i:ii 

Would  p 
Jji>re.  Do,  Mr. 
B'lthvr.  Now  he 
Bore.       Well,  ft 

lawliat) 

Ail  liear-sa/  ■=  n  .- 
Truul.  r 

I  lifted  up  mine  eyes 

I  did  behold,  iriwj-at 

Smite  Mr.  Gudgeon 

And  doctor  Teach,  ;  , 

And  i<arned  fen-apotiiccaiy. 

Doubted,  he  said, ■  .     . 

Bore,       Do  stop,  my  friend. 

Cannot  I  make  you  comprehend  ? 
BuliicT.  Come,  sir,  we  won't  detain  you.— &;U, 

You're  sure,  smote  Gudgeon  on  the  ski^ 
Truiit.     He  did.     -■ 


Youi 
Yes. 


3'ruut.     I  cam 

Bore.      Stay, 

Afipir 

Now 

Was  t 

Notlii 

7'rout.     Wliy, 

Diven 

Much 

I  was 

A  son 

And  s 

Whicl 

Savou. 

Vol.  XLIV, 


850        ANNUAL    REGISTER,     18C«. 

,    And,,  sung  with  loud  vociferation, 

llous'd  the  defendant's  indignation, 

Who  scem'd  to  think  it  cast  reflection* 

On  him  and  all  the  Gull  connexions. 

This  song,  tho*  spiritless,  and  dull^ 

]3id  sorely  trouble  Mr.  GuU  > 

And,  oft  repeated  in  his  ear,  * 

Did  cause  him  to  blaspheme  and  s^ear, 

'Till,  G— d  forgive  him  for't !  he  rose. 

And  seizing  on  'squire  Gudgeon's  nose. 

He  squeezed  it  *twixt  his  thiifnb  and  finger—^ 

Stampt  on  the  song,  and  d — d  the  singer. 

Now,  when  much  strife  aftd  wrath  ensU'd^ 

Both  which  I  always  have  eschew*d, 

I  fled — but  soon  return*d  to  pray* 

That  Heaven  would  slop  this  sinl^  fray. 

And  we  like  brethren  might  agree^ 

And  live  in  peace  and  uliity. 
Bother,  Swear  Dr.  Tench. 
Crier,  Doctor,  look. 

Take  oflf  your  glove,  and  kiss  the  boolc. 

llie  doctor's  sworn. 
Bother,  ^         Good  doctor  Tench> 

Pray  tell  the  jury  and  the  bencli. 

All' that  you  saw  and  heard  that  day— — 
Tench,    Sir,  I  know  notliing  of  the  fey  j 

I  was  called  in  at  the  conclusion, 

T'  inspect  a  vertical  contusion  : 

Gudgeon  was  then  without  his  shirt. 

His  body  much  besmeaifd  with  dirt  ^ 

There  was  an  ugly  aukward  cut 

Ran  quite  athwart  the  occiput,  '  ' 

He'd  have  been  comatose,  .I*m  sure. 

And  far  beyond  my  skill  to  cure. 

Had  I  been  call'd  ten  minutes  later— 

I  trembled  for  the  dura  mater :      .  '        ^ 

The  cuticle,  orput\vard  skin. 

Portended  something  wrong  within. 

The  faiices  in  a  sad  condition ! 

Betwixt  the  naies  no  partition ! 

But  both  so  forc'd  into  conjimction— 

Th'  olfactoties  declined  their  function  j 

Some  teeth  were  broke  aiid  some  were  lost^ 

The  inc'isores  suffered  most  5 

Much  mischief  done  to  the  molares. 

And,  what  a  very  strange  affair  is. 

Not  the  least  symptom  could  I  see 

Of  dentes  sapientlse. 

£11 


•  1- 


.■V  ♦■ 


POETRY. 

fn  all  my  pugilistic  cases. 

At  feasts,  elections,  fairs,  and  races, 

A  worse  thai)  this  I  never  met. 

In  :in  tli.1t  braiicli  ol 
Where  blows  have  i 
llplics,  my  lord,  a 
One  large  contusior 
Two  on  tlie  costac, 
A  kick  upon  the  os 
Had  caused  a  tuber. 
Around  the  region  < 
Bothfr.  You  took  some  bloi 


Plilebntomiz'd  him  ounces  twenty. 

Older' d,  in  lieu,  one  ounce,  good  weight. 

Magnesia  vitriolat. 

Subindcgave,  when  faint  or  sick,  sir. 

My  renovating  fen-elixir ; 

Tlien  clapp'd  my  patent  plaster  on. 

My  genuine  icthupharmacon.— — 
Bother.  Sir,  of  your  practice  we've  no  doubt, — '■ 
Bart:      So  much  for  Tencli— Come  batid  him  out. 


THE  DYING  DAUGHTER  TO  HER  MOTHER. 
By  Msg.  Opib. 

"  A/Ttn'HER!  when  these  unsteady  liQcs 
iVl.  Thy  long  averted  eyes  shall  see. 

This  hand  that  writes,  this  heart  that  pines. 
Will  cold,  quite  cold,  and  tranquil  be. 

Tliat  giiilty  chi 

Can  then,  bl 
And,  siioiddst 

O,  deign  m] 

Tliat  oqilian,  > 

To  thee  will 
Canst  thou  my 

jViid  from  m 

O,  raise  tha  v( 

Nor  siart  hcj 
But  kt  her  loc 

i^or  onge  tlta 


852         ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802. 

'     Gaze  on— and  thou*k  perchance  forget    * 
Tlie  long,  the  mournful  lapse  of  years. 
Thy  couch  with  tears  of  ahguish  wet. 

And  e'en  the  guilt  which  caused  those  tears. 

And  in  my  pure  and  artless  cluld, 

Thou'lt  think  her  mother  meets  thy  view  -, 

Such  as  she  wa^  when  life  first  smilea. 
And  guilt  by  name  alone  she  knew. 

Ah  !  then  I  see  thee  o'er  her  charms 

A  look  of  fond  affection  cast; 
I  see  thee  clasp  her  in  thine  arms. 

And  in  the  present  lose  the  past. 

% 

But  soon  the  dear  illusion  flics  j 

The  sad  reality  returns ; 
My  crimes  again  to  memory  rise. 

And,  ah !  in  vain  my  orphan  mourns  : 

Till  suddenly  some  keen  remorse. 
Some  deep  regret  her  claims  shall  aid  5 

For  wrath  that  held  too  long  its  course ; 
For  words  of  peace  too  long  delayed. 

For  pardon  (most,  alas  !  denied. 

When  pardon  might  have  snatched  from  shame) 
And  kindness,  hadst  thou  kindness  tiied. 

Had  checked  my  guilt,  and  saved  my  fame. 

And  then  thou'lt  wish,    as  I  do  now. 
Thy  hand  my  humble  bed  had  smoothed. 

Wiped  the  chill  moisture  off  my  brow. 
And  all  the  wants  of  sickness  soothed. 

For,  oh  !  the  means  to  sooth  my  pain 

My  poverty  has  still  denied  ; 
And  thou  wilt  wish,  ah!  wish  in  vain,' 

Tliy  riches  had  those  means  supphed. 

Thou'lt  wish,  with  keen  repentance  wrung, 

I'd  closed  my  eyes  upon  thy  breast. 
Expiring,  while  thy  faultering  tongue 

Pardon  iu  kindest  tones  expressed. 


1 1 


.Osouabbr 


• 


ih 


r  .5 


.  if.' 


POETRY,  853 

O  sounds,  which  I  mus^t  never  hear ! 

Through  years  of  woe  my  fond  desire ! 
O  mother,  spite  of  all  most  dear  ! 

Must  I,  unblest  by  thee,  expire? 

Thy  love  alone  I  call  to  mind. 

And  all  thy  past  disdain  forget  5 
P^acli  keen  reproach,  each  frown  mikind. 

That  crushed  ray  hopes  when  last  we  met  j 

But  when  I  saw  that  angry  brow. 

Both  health  and  youth  were  still  my  own  : 
O  mother  !  couldst  thou  sec  me  now, 

I'hou  wouldst  not  have  the  heart  to  frown. 

Bat<%ee!  my  orphan's  cheek  displays 

Both  youth  and  health's  carnation  dies. 
Such  as  on  mine,  in  happier  days. 

So  fondly  charmed  the  partial  eyes. 

Grief  o'er  her  bloom  a  veil  now  draws. 

Grief  her  loved  parent's  pang  to  see ; 
And  when  thou  think' st  upon  the  cause, 

Tiiat  paleness  will  have  cliai'ms  for  thee.  ' 

But  wilt  thou  thus  indulgent  be  ? 

()  !   am  I  not  by  hope  beguiled  ?    ' 
The  long  long  anger  shown  to  me; 

Sa)',  will  it  not  pursue  my  child  ? 

And  must  she  suffer  /or  my  crime  ? 

Ah  !  no  J — forbid  it,  gracious  Heaven  ! 
Anct  grant,  oh  !  grant,    in  thy  good  time, 

I'hat  she  be  loved,  and  I  forgiven  !" 


SONG. 

(From  the  Metrical  MiscellIkv.) 

THE  tears  I  shed  mi 
1  mourn  not  for  an  ; 

For  thoughts  may  \ 

And  ]iarted  lovers       ei 
J  weep  not  for  the  1 

Their  toils  are  pai  1 

And  those  tliey 
And  death 


854         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 

Tho*  boundless  oceans  roUM  between. 

If  certain  that  his  heart  is  near, 
f     A  conscious  transport  glads  each  scene  j 

Soft  is  the  sigh,  and  sweet  the  tear. 
Even  when  by  death's  cold  hand  removed. 

We  mourn  the  tenant  of  the  tomb. 
To  think  that  e'en  in  death  he  loved. 

Can  gild  the*  horrors  of  the  gloom. 

But  bitfer,  bitter  are  the  tears 

Of  her  who  slighted  love  bewails. 
No  hope  her  dreary  prospect  cheers. 

No  pleasing  melancholy  hails.   ■ 
Hers  are  the  pangs  of  'w^ound'^d  pride. 

Of  blasted  hope,  of  withered  joy  j    ^ 
The  flattering  veil  is  rent  aside. 

The  flame  of  love  burns  to  destroy. 

In  vain  does  memory  renew 

The  hours  once  ting'd  in  transport's  dye ; 
The  snd  reverse  soon  starts  to  view. 

And  turns  the  past  to  agony : 
Even  time  itself  despairs  to  cure 

Those  pangs  to  ev'ry  feeling  due  j 
Ungenerous  youth  !  thy  boast  how  poor. 

To  win  a  heart,  and  break  it  too. 

No  cold  approach,  no  altered  mien. 

Just  what  would  niake  suspicion  start, , 
No  pause  the  dire  extremes  between ; 

He  made  me  blest,  and  broke  my  heart. 
From  hope,  the  wretched's  anchor,  torn. 

Neglected,  and  neglecting  all. 
Friendless,  forsaken,  and  forlorn,' 

The  tears  I  shed  must  ever  I'all ! 


A 


>1 


t 
\ 


f 


I     B55     ] 


Account  of  Books  for  the  Year  180.2. 


Hhtnn,  af  Ih,  1 


n^ii 


]):iiti'-  hntl  ever  i: 

the  aiii'icnt  di; 
nnuy.wliUliha 
whar  i'l(iinl(;il  in 
war  bv  ill  svici 
neiit.  '  Ttic  vasi 
us  a.  a)li>iiy  hn 
I'wd  by  t!ic  Vve 
the  pussc.'isicin 
ilie  principal  <. 
bitiun  ;     it    re 


France  in  tliis  i 
tlie  taiiie  of  tlit 
CTS;irs.     J'jfmi 


„„1  i.y 
si,l„<.j 


«J6      ANNUAL   Register,  1802. 

given  by  Volney,  Savary,  Sonini,  De-  gcnuity  or  effrontery  of  the  eonsnhr 
non,  and  Reignicr,  have  all  engaged  writers  could  ever  pretend  to  tonfotc 
a  considerable  degree  of  attention.  If  or  justify.     In  his  faithful  acootopt  . 
Egypt  has  been  considered  so  in-  of  the  massacres  of  Alexandria  aiid    . 
teresting  a  country  to  French   rea-  of  Jaffa,   and  of  the  poisoning  the 
ders,  both  when  they  hoped  that  it  wounded    French    soldiers  at    the  ^ 
would  be  a  French  colony,  and  when  hospital  by  the  express  prden  of  " 
they  found  tliose  hopes  destroyed,  it  Bonapaft6,  he  has  torn  away  that 
cannot  now  be  a  less  interesting  one  veil  of  glory  in  which  the  cbaractijir  . . 
to  English  readers,  since  it  has  been  of  the  now  first  consul  of  Ftoioehad 
the  great  theatre  of  the  highest  mili-  before  been  covered,  and  has  bdd    ■ 
tary  glory  which  has  crowned  the  him  up  to  mankind  in  bis  true  co- 
British  army  during  the  course  of  lours  :  a  man  as  ferocious^  cruel,  and' 
the    present    reign.       Englishmen  unprincipled,  as  he  is  daring  and  en-  ' 
must  take  at  least  as  much  pleasure .  terprising  \  who  sets  at  notight  tile 
in  reading  the  account  given  by  sir  lives  of  either  enemies  or  fellow  tol-, 
E.  Wilson  of  the  conquest  of  Egypt,  diers,  and  who  would  not  hesitate  to 
as  Frenchmen  can  do  in  reading  ge-  commit  any  crime  or  enormity,  how- 
eneral  Reignier*s  account  of  the  loss  ever  atrocious,  that  could  hold  olM; 
of  it,  and  the  defeat  and  capture  of  any  promise  of  promoting  the  pro^ 
the  French  «rmy .   This  account  was  jects  which  his  restless  mind  and  iusa« 
professedly  written  for  the  purpose  tiable  ambition  have  once  concdved* 
of  asserting  the  well  merited  glory  Lord   Nelson,   sir    Sidney    Smttb, 
of  the  British  array,  and  doing  away  Abercrombie,  and  Hutchinson,  have 
tlie  erlect    of  that  misrepresenta-  convinced   the  Egyptians   and  thtf 
tion  with  which   general  Reignier,  Turks  that aFrcncharmy,eventbo¥igh 
after  his  defeat,  hoped  to  tarnish  the  headed  by  Bonapari6,  is  not  invin-  • 
well  earned  laurels   of  the  British  cible:  tliey  have  also  sho^^  them  - 
army,    and    the    spotless  fame  of  the  vast  difference  between  the  pro- 
its  commanders.     Sir  Robert  Wil-  tecting  genius  of  ^  the  British  natioii 
son    has   written  with  the  frank-  .  and  the  destroyingarms  of  France*  . 
ne?5s  and  spirit  of  a  soldier,  and.  It  remained  for  sir  ji.Wilson  to  enter 
without  aiming  at  all  the  graces  of  the  lists  against  die  consnlaT  writers, 
style,  his  work  is  so  strongly  marked  and  *'  with  a  plain  tale  to  jmt  them 
with  the  characters  of  truth,  and  its  down."    He  has  given  the  most  im- 
subject  is  so  important  and    inte-  portant  information  to  mankind,  and  • 
resting,  not  only  to  this  country  but  unmasked  the  first  consul.   Nothing 
to  the  universe,  that  few  publications  can  show  more  strongly  how  true 
have  been   read  with  such  avidity  the  statement  of  Bpnapart6'8  masaa- \ 
or  have  produced  a  stronger  sensa-  cres  and  poisonings  was,  than  thC;. 
tlon.     In  his  plain  but  interesting  rage  of  the  first  consul  at  his  crimen 
narrative  of  those  events,  of  whic&  being  so   exposed  to   the  general 
he  was  either  an  eye  witness,  or  censure  and  abhorrence  of  Europe. 
else  dr-riv  cd  his  information  on  the  When  our  government  justly  00m-. ; 
spot  from  the  most  autlientic  sources,  plained  of  the  hostile  mission  of  co- 
he  has    stated    to^tlie   world  that  lonel  Sebastiani,  as  evidenced  by  his 
which  no  French  historian  has  dared  official  report  published  in  the  Mo- 
to  state,  but  which  neither  tlie  in-  niteur,  he  fdt  so  stronriy  the  6fiect 

'        -  rf 


ACCOUNT  OF  BOOKS.  851 

nf  sir  Robert  Wilson's  narrative,  that    book    as    tlie   cause   of  s    plagut 
he  had  the  ahsiirdit)'  to  sny  tliat  it    breaking  out  in  Jaffa ;  he  might  have 
was  this  misrepresentation  of  his  cha-     called  upon  all  tile  officers  of  Ihe 
racjer  by  an  English  colonel  which     demi- brigade,  named  by  sir  Thomaii 
made  it  neccss;iyy  to  send  a  French    Wilson,  whff  would  doubtless  hare 
colonel  to  Egypt,  in  order  to  justify     contradicted  it  if  it  was  not  true, 
his  conduct  to  the  world,  forgettiug     If  Bonaparte  can  deny  the  poisoning 
ill  the  time  lliat  not  only  the  mission    of  his  own  wounded  soldiers  in  the 
of  Sebastiani,  but  tlie  report  itself,    hospitals,  he  has  also  the  means  of 
was  published  before 
son's  book  had  ap[ 
answer  to  the  remt 
British  cabinet,  the 
not  only  confessed 
justifying  his  char3< 
be  done,  but  has  aL 
•  ted    tliat  it  could  i 
Sir  R.  Wilson,  in  s 
vilized  world,  crime 
lieJief,  fi'lt  it  necessi 
tlce  to  the  chajacK 
and  to  his  own  hon 
pressly  wliat  Ills  ii 
mid  to  give  the  coi 
fair  opportunity  of 
niaiiter  if  they  cou 
Hiassncrc  of  the  Tu 
refers  not  only  to  I 
iJie  French  writers 
admit,  that  the  numl 
day  and    left    unb 
a    phigiie    jn    the 
which  was  destrnct 
aniiies.     Assclioi,  i 
cipal  physicians  of  I 
"'  ^^ypf'  cxpressl 
fart  in  his  cxcellcnl 
riague,    and   sir   ' 
names  the  French 
Oie  express    orden 
himself,  tired  upon 
fenceless    Turks, 
wished  to  persuade 
he  WHS  not  guilty  o 


R58        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1802. 

in  a  f(*w   srntcnces  destroys  those  srcn  and  obsen'cd,  lie  by  no  meanfl 

fiUv   v'wtMvcs  of  K';ypt  which  t!ie  indulL'/'s   his    fancy  as    the  French 

i'n  p.ch    writers    h:::l    drawn    nion:  writers  ha\c  done  ;  and  although  his 

fit  III  iht'r  r/.vii   Hvdy  iinnc^inalU'Tis  book  profcs^-'-s  ratlier  to  be  a   mili- 

tl:an  from  n  'lity.     His  dt-cripli-n  taryjoi.ir[Kilth(*!i  ad*  s(  riptive account 

oi'  ]l«.>rfr.i  i»:;.]  \hij   \il'-   is  t'-t.iHy  of,  Kgypt,    yet    f"  t:*  has   been  no 

«!itr<'ri  nt  fV'i:- Olivary ^.,  a!:d  i.->  a ■)  frl-  buok.  b'"i'orc  pu];i:  lj;-d  which   gi\es 

lows:   '*'  I  iltii,    luu-nuitocs   of  the  so  accnraic  and  ia't'*iil  a  picture  of 

jno^t  i:r'.i'!:ii  sort,  vermin  of  r  very  modern  Egypt  a::,  iifs   inhribltants  ^ 

kind,    ucniiii   .-o  ugly  that,  furlu-  but  it  is  our   iju.i'ncss  prncipally  to 

jiately  foi  ti;'j  liuropvans,  their  faces-  consider  it  as  a  mil iiar}' journal,   and 

an-  covit.d  I'V  a  Mack  cloth  veil  in  otler  our  observations  areordingly. 

V.  •i;'})  TWO  cyr  i);  I'.ftarc  (Ut,  steucli  As  the  first  mr.jvc  *!iat  produced 

ii.tw  i '../lI-.',  lJu•a^e^.   almost   niiiuha-  the  expedition    to  Evjpt,  he  states, 

r«ii  'i>'  ,  UjrM  t'lc  charms  of  Koscitii  that  after  the  ailx'P'pt  on  Cadiz  had 

r.iid  S.iv.:iv\  (Icrdvn  of  Edi'it.    The  been  abandoned.  ;L  hrcanie  absolute- 

.\ilf,   t}:-  <.-.](  Wiv.tjd  Xile,  uuconi-  ly  nee  sviry  to  di:po5e  of  that  army. 

bi'i' ri  v.:-!.   i: ,  b;;Ui:ti''>  aiul  vv»;n-  which    mii^lil   be   called  the  corps 

fi'iiiil   prjpe:iiis,  ai-'.^rdL:!  u';  pl«a-  d\ liie  of  Kui^^.and,  to  some  definite 

^   ;•'■    t(^     [\.y^    "'o''*  '      ^'^''    m-iddy  object.    The  army  which  unJertof^k 

5'-<iTr..t!     y    tMi  banks,  putrefv.iJi^  this  exjK'dition  was  almosi  the  entire 

V.  Ml   :'.e  r.:.:c^s   of  t':e  sliice  left  of  the  disi)oseaoje  force  of  tlie  coun- 

f!"iM  ih'.  V. .  ..  '■^,  i:s   breadth  \\hi<:h  try,  and  iheretore  should  of  right  be 

V.  >  :;  ::  :■   .:-.iJi:m  a  hundrrd  yards  f.njploye-d    in    some    service    which 

:■  :■ '— ,  i  .j;.:v -><..(!  us  v.'ili  ii.*  idea  of  might  materiuiiy  promote  the  inte- 

:    :  •  tyj   :)Ut  a  reflection  (ni  the  mi-  re^rs  of  the  country  :   Italy,  Span ir>li 

i.i  .il'.iis  rii;:;;iii(s  of  the  river,   an  America,  and  Eg\'pt,  were  tlie  only 

:i:u'( ':!):i:/)'i    of  the  luxuries  v. hich  cuuutrics  in  which  so   small  a  force 

th'- vci)    li' 'uif  llv  water;  \\i;i:id  :\i''  co'.ild  pronfisc   to   render  very  iln- 

f'>:(i,  vi  lul  .' d  it  an  ol^j^ct  of  eousi-  j)onant  service  to  the  empire.     The 

dvr.ibl  •  tiratfu  atif.:;."  ii'.'ws  of  the   convention  at   Hohen- 

At   til"  san.'t:  tiuu;  tliat  he  differs  linden     prevented     the     expedition 

r(;:;i;>l<iely  fr.  in  S.:vary  in   thi-*  re-  sailing  to  Italy,    and    the  surrender 

s[;fv  t,  ii'   i>_v  lio  nie:ni-^  ii'jjKaelie-.  his  of  Malta  inelhiea   sir   Ralpii  Aber- 

v(  rariiy,  i  iit  -iii);>(;-( -.  that  the  fir-»t  crombie  to  ji/efer  directing  the  ex«- 

sii^'xt  oi' \ <.!»!  = -.i'  ul-icii  in:  had,  ai'ier  pedition   to    Egypt    than    to.   South 

cr;,^inG^  a  1;:':\  >:vAy   desert,  en-  America.      y\notlicr    consideration, 

cijanh  (i  ].;:.,  :.:)i   that  lie  wrote  iiis  no    d«;ubt,   was,    that    the    British 

ilO(^:.;;^.■  inc:-.'   iry.n   the  impre-^sion  goxernmeul,  from  whom  he  derived 

il'^M  (.11  jMt  ijii'Lination  than   from  his  information,  by  no  means  under-* 

r.  a'.iiy.     It  ••.::,  thus  oiir  ee'(  braled  s'oo  1  the   r^*al  situation  of  affairs  in 

iia\  i^^a'i'  ■*-,  C  ..■  -ke.  ( ./i  'dcred  Ilotanv  iv.yp^  f^'  ^^^^'  '^trengdi  of  the  Ercnch 

h:iy   :>.   a  -  }i;.    of  eartiilv    ]>ara<iise.  amiy.      Instead  ot' expecting  to  find 

( )ur  au;!i.  r"-. :;. -I: -r..]  (.].. •nerval ions  on  an    army   of  rz-ar    oO,f)00  men  in 

t]  " '.I'.r;  i,  |)f!!iiie.ii,  ai'l  «<)JM-i:en'i  tl  Iv^'vpi,    they   supposed    there    were 

y^^:.  lii  r.  f-r  hjvpi  a.v  *  \cc Hen;,  and  UM  r.l):.vcb  or  It^XXK)  Frenchmen  in 

W','n!;yof  t'  •  !.'vj-t    v  r!ou^  ar-'  Tui.'U  ;  \])r  coimtry,  anti  that  the  sword  and 

si.d  ...  l.'i.  •e:,..LiLt  of  what  ht  iuiB  the  piat/i;':  Iiad  nearly  destroy«-ii  the 

'  whole 


conduct  of 
tlirongli  tlie 
ill  the  comn 
p;iign,  went 
and  lord  Hi 
an-ouiitoft! 
of  tlie  21st 

had  11  or  i: 

lidd,  being  ■ 
army  in  lig 
battle  was  t^ 
mandcrs  did 
Belliard  had 
'as  nn  1110  runs 
at  Alex  and 
of  e\i)elliiis 
ti-oops  and '. 
French  armj 
for  them. 
ber  ISOO,  th 
Midta  to  li 
Minor,  whe 
pnimi'iixl  to 

nt  the  liny 
Jniich  expo 
taf(;ty,  and 
coa»l,    disci 

iJie  world, ' 


<'<1  till  with! 

sh.MC.    l-ht: 
llic  soldiers . 

which  ionw 
iiiugiii;iblc, 

Ihi^  lU'ct  wa 
t,Ml<:<.fvvlnd 


860 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


"  The  British  army  amounted  in 
the  whole  to  15,330  men,  including 
<;99  5ick,  and  all  ihose  who  are  usu- 
ally attached  to  an  army.  Its  effcc- 
t'vc  force  in  the  field,  at  the  highest 
computation,  amounted  to  not  quite 
j2,coc  men.'* 

Thus  the  army  at  its  landing  little 
dreamed  that  they  were  going  to  at- 
tack    30,coo  French,    and    oblige 
tliem  to  capitulate.    It  appears  very 
evident,  from  this  narrative,  that  all 
the  proceedings  of  sir  Ralph  Aber- 
cromhic,  his  bold  landing,  his  march 
to  Alexandria,  and  his  meditated  as- 
Fciult   of  the   French  line,  were  all 
founded  on   the  |>ersuasion  that  the 
French  army  was  much  inferior  in 
numbers,  and  it  was  not  till  after  the 
ircmorable    victory  of  the   2i8t   of 
March   that  the    real  state  of  the 
Fieiich  foice  in  Eg}'pt  was  known 
to  the  British  arm  v.     This  was  the 
cau.'f  of  the  appaicnt  inactivity  of 
the  rritish  force  for  some  time  after 
tilt  (IcJih    of  Abercrombie.     Lord 
Ilutcliinson,   even  a  fortnight  after 
ihrit  batti' ,  j-npposed  that  Menou  had 
collected    all   the  force   he   had   in 
F«';ypt ;  but  afterward?,  when  he  had 
recti ved  more  inforn;ation  and  had 
learned  the  vast   superiority  of  the 
enemy,  lie  was  obliged  to  act  with 
n.uch    more    caution   than    general 
Abercrombie  judged  necessary  when 
he  snjposcd  there  were  but  ten  thou- 
sand French    troops  in   all   Egypt. 
Acting  upon   that  supposition,  and 
irom   fcuch    infoimation    as  he   had 
received    from    thj    British   govern- 
nif-nr,    rhe   plj?n  of  oftcn^ivc  opera- 
tionS;,  adoptee!  by  jrtneral  Abercrom- 
bie,    wr:s    perfectly    judicious    and 
pr(.j.(.r;   ])!it  li:  d  I'.e  better  informa- 
ti''n,  :jrid  known  the  real  strength  of 
ilieener.v,  it  would  have  been  mad- 
ri« -s.     On  t!ie   rst  of  March  thcv 
discovered  land,  and  on   the    same 

r 

I 


day  entered  Aboukir  bay,  but  cobU 
not  effect  a  landing  till  the  8ch^  on 
account  of  the  weather.  Thia  de- 
lay was  unfortunate  for  the  British 
army,  as  the  enemy  had  time  to  op* 
pose  every  possible  resistance  to  the 
attempt. 

The  British  army  therefore  snf- 
fered  considerably  in  the  landing  ; 
but  perhaps  the  loss  was  compensated 
by  the  glory  which  they  gained  by  , 
surmounting  such  difficultiety  and 
by  the  high  opinion  they  taught  the 
enemy  to  entertain  of  British  troops. 
The  account  of  the  landing  is  g^Ten 
in  a  very  animated  description  by 
our  author: 

'*  The  wind  continaing  moderate^ 
and  the  swell  of  the  sea  subsiding, 
on  the  morning  of  the  8th,  at  two 
o'clock,  the  first  divison  of  the  army, 
consisting  of*  the  reserve  under  the 
orders  of  major-general  Moore  ;  the 
brigade  of  guards  under  major-ee-    ' 
neral  Ludlow ;  and  part  of  the  test 
brigade,   composed    of  the  royals, 
first  battalion  of  54th,  200  of  the 
second  battalion,  tlie  whole  amount- 
ing  to  about  5500  men,  under  the 
command  of  major-general  Coote» 
assembled  in  the  boats  \  the  remain- 
der of  the  first  and  second  brigade 
being  put  into  ships  dose  to  the 
shore,    that  a   support    might  be 
quickly  given  after  the  first  landing 
was  effected.     At  three  o'clock  the 
signal  was  made  for  their  proceeding 
to  rendezvous  near  the  Mondovi; 
anchored  about  gun-shot  from  the 
shore;   but  the  extent  of  the  an- 
chorage was  so  great,  that  the  as- 
sembling and  arrangement  of  the 
boats   could  not  be  completed  till 
near  nine  o'clock.    And  here  let  the 
readier    pause    for   a  moment,    to 
dwell   on   the  solemn  scene,    and 
imagine  to  himself  the  impatience, 
the  suspense  which  agitated  every  ' 

mind; 


ACCOUNT  OF  BOOKS.  Sfil 

ftiiiiil ;    tlid  hopes  and  fears  which    -whole  sceae  became  animation.  Tlie 

distracted  I  lit 

icty  of  the  g^il 

liie  for  iliesuc 

tcrpriae,  antli 

men  who  so 

Cxoeme  his  i 

the  brave  niai 

piilJmsiasm  ; 

have  hitherto 

eiice  the  scrvi 

ibis  moment 

respect  wiiicf 

the  soldier.   I 

who  are  <tevoi 

tics,  aiid  scci 
Citable  of  ci 
raeiubiring,  t 
tlieir  service 
sivh  soldiers 
their  iiidgmet 

•■  l-ho'rl!;hi 
protorted  bv 
the  IJaugerei 
vessels ;  the  1( 
cutter,  Malta  1 
gun  vofiscl :  ( 
two  Litmcbes 
supply  the  jJi 
biats  which 
passage.  Sir 
detachment  ( 
cooperate  will 
of  the  bunchc 
field  artillciy, 

"The  Tart 
vessels  were 
situation,  to  c 
kindiiig,  and  t 
ami  Minorca, 
broadsides  to 
o'l^lock  the  si; 
boats  to  ad  vat 
w.irds  at  the 


862 


ANNUAL     REGISTER,    1802. 


p()«iition,  notv'ithstanding  the  fire 
irom  two  pieces  of  cannon  and  a 
b  !tta!ion  of  infantry  :  the  moii.cHt 
they  j;aincd  the  height,  two  hundred 
French  dragooris  attempted  to 
charge  them,  but  were  as  quickly 
repulsed. 

'*  Tiie  boats  of  the  guards  had 
scarce  left  the  beach,  and  the  men 
began  to  jump  out,  before  the  same 
b\)dy  of  cavalry,  who  had  i  allied 
behind  the  sand-liills,  charged  sud- 
denly upon  them.  This  unexpected 
attack  caused  a  momentary  disor- 
der, but  the  58th  regiment,  formed 
already  on  their  right,  by  their  fire 
checked  the  enemy,  and  gave  time 
lor  the  guards  to  present  a  front, 
when  the  cav.ilry  again  retreated 
with  considerable  loss.  The  54th 
and  royals,  from  being  in  trans- 
j)ort  boats,  did  not  reach  the  shore  so 
soon  as  the  others,  but  landed  at  the 
instant  a  column  of  600  infantry 
was  advancing,  with  fixed  bayonets, 
tiirousfh  a  hollow  a^nst  the  left 
tlank  of  the  guards.  Ihe  French 
on  seeing  them  hesitated,  then  fir- 
incr  a  volley,  retreated.  This  mo- 
ment of  exultation  cannot  be  describ- 
ed, but  the  most  callous  mind  must 
be  sensible  to  its  effect. 

**  The  French,  finding  the  British 
in  full  poiSLSsion  of  the  heights,  and 
'general  Coote  advancing  with  the 
guards  and  his  brigade,  ran  froai 
all  points  of  their  position,  but  in  the 
rear  sand-hills  maintained,  for  about 
an  hour  and  a  half,  a  scattered  fire, 
M'hen  thoy  were  finally  obliged  to 
retreat,  having  lost  300  men,  eight 
pieces  of  cannon,  and  may  horses. 
The  boats  returned  immediately  for 
the  remainder  of  the  army,  which, 
by  the  great  exertions  of  the  navy, 
•were  all  landed  before  night.     Sir 


Rulph,  impressed  with  the  strongrit 
feelings  of  gratitude  and  admiration^' 
came  on  shore,  and  took  up  a  posi- 
tion distant  about  three  miles,  with. 
his  right  to  the  sea,  and  left  on  kke 
Maadie ;  at  the  same  time  occupying 
th.c  battery  on  the  tongue  of  land  at 
the  entrance  of  the  lake,  but  not  in 
time  to  prevent  the  escape  of  eighty 
French  over  the  ferry.  The  loss 
of  British  amounted  in  this  aflair  to 
near  500  men,  amongst  whom  were 
several  gallant  officers*.  General 
Reignier  asserts,  that  the  infantry 
laid  down  in  the  bottom  of  the  boats, 
whilst  the  sailors,  indifferent  to  the 
French  artillery,  rowed  with  vigour 
to  the  shore.  What  kind  of  boat» 
must  those  flats  have  been,  which 
would  have  allowed  of  such  an  ex* 
tension?  Is  it  possible  that  any  one 
can  be  ignorant  of  the  necessity  of 
troops  in  all  debarkations  wedging 
as  close  as  possible  in  an  upright 
position,  or  how  could  fifty  men  be 
carried  in  each  boat  ?  Malignity 
should  always  thus  defeat  itsel£ 

**  No  British  soldier  would  detract 
in  the  smallest  degree  from  praise 
justly  confeired  on  the  navy ;  but  the 
seamen  themselves  will  indignant- 
ly reject  such  ungenerous  and  ma* 
levolent  applause.*' 

The  fleet  anchored  precisely  on 
the  spot  where  the  famous  naval  hat* 
lie  of  Aboukir  had  been  fought  by 
lord  Nelson.  The  cable  of  the  Fou- 
droyant  chafed  against  the  wreck  of 
I'Orient,  the  French  admiral's  ship, 
which  was  blown  up  on  that  memora* 
ble  day. The  army  having  thus  effect*' 
ed  its  landing  near  Aboukir,  march- 
ed on  the  13th  for  the  neighbour* 
hood  of  Alexandria.  On  this  march 
they  were  attacked  by  the  French 
general  Friant,  at    the    head  of  5 


*  Captain  Warren  of  the  guards,  the  son  of  sir  John  Borlace  WarreR^  was  puticular^ 
)-«imeatocl  'd>  one  of  the  most  promising  young  men  in  the  army. 


or 


ACCOUNT  OF  BOOKS. 


midria.  The  T 
BO  well  hia  iiif 
of  tlie  Bntisli 

ia  that  of  thi: 

The  Frenc: 

to  letreat   to 

la  the  me 
French  gener: 
withapowerfi 
increased  thei 
They  then 
acting  on  the 
themselves  ab 
into  the  s^a; 
used  by  Md 

urder  of  haul 
were  disappo 
which  he  rect 
the  way  for  ti 

tie  of  the  3  IS 
the  official  ao 
son  ;    but  the 

makes  on  tht 
ordering  the  a 

official  accoui 
dn. 

"Thecoiid 
but  excite  wt 
of  whatever 
Surrounded,  | 
aitimmiitioii, 
coutest.aiHl  n 
extraordinary 
discipline,  a 
llie  British 
pride  itself  o 
tie  gained  ;  b 


864 


ANNUAL     REGISTER,    1802. 


of  such  an  English  force  was  not 
siirticently  glorious.  Had  he  wailed 
48  ht)r.rs,  sirR.  Abercromhie  intend- 
«fd  an  assault  by  night,  which  per- 
haps would  have  been  the  most  pre- 
carious ever  hazarded  5  but  the  case 
was  dts}>erate,  the  die  irrecoverably 
cast. '  Sir  Ralph  never  was  sanguine 
cnougli  to  allow  a  hope  tiiat  an  at- 
tack might  be  made  on  him,  and 
therefore  could  not  credit  such  a 
rejx)rt5  but  had  he  directed  tlie 
operations  of  the  enemy  to  ensure 
his  conquest,  this  would  have  been 
thc^movement. 

'*  General  jMenou*s  orders  for  the 
dis],x)siti«n  of  his  army  were  excel- 
lent, and  displayed  great  abilities, 
which  he  undoubtedjy  possesses ; 
but  th'^ir  application  10  the  British 
position  was  not  exactly  correct." 

Although  much   remained  to  be 
done  after  that  battle,  yet  all  our 
future  successes  in  Egypt  Fecmed  so 
to  flow  as  consequences  of  that  vic- 
tor)", that  that  day  may  be  said  to 
have  entirely  decided  the  success  of 
the  expedition.     On   the    26th   of 
March,  {i\c  days  after  this  battle, 
the  captain  pacha  landed  at  Ab.oukir 
with  60C0  men :    although,  at'  the 
time  of  his  landing,  but  little  value 
was  set  upon  Turkii-h  cooperation, 
yet  in  the  campaign  this  reinforce- 
ment was  extremely  useful,  and  the 
captain  pacha   preserved  a  greater 
discipline  among  them  than  ever  was 
before  known  in  a   Turkish  army. 
The  first  service  this  auxihary  force 
was  sent  upon  was  against  Rosetta* 
Colonel  Spencer,  with  the  socond  re- 
giment,   accompanied  them*     Al- 
though the   French  had  800  men 
strongly   posted  oa  a  commanding 
height,  they  crossed  the  Nile  upon 
the  approach  of  the  allied  army,  who 
afterwards  besieged  and  took   Fort 
Julien^  which  commanded  the  en- 


trance of  the   Nile.      In  the  mean 
time  the  grand  vizier's  army  had  tct 
itself  in  motion    from   its  camp  at 
Jaffa ;  a  detachment  of  them  drove 
the  French  garrison  from  Damictta, 
and  the  main   body  advanced  against 
Cairo.     General  Hutchinson,  afraid 
that   his  undisciplined  allies   might 
meet   somt  great    disaster  if   thej 
fought  alone  against  French  troops, 
and  being  also  promised  the  coope- 
ration uf  the  Mamelukes  if  he  »hould 
advance  to  the  neighbourhood  of  Cai- 
ro, resolved  upon  thatt-mea&ure,  con- 
trary to  the  opinion  of  the  majoricy 
of  general  officers  in  his  anny.    The 
event  of  that  measure  however  has 
completely  justified  his  calculations, 
and    given   him   immortal    honour. 
Our  author  enters  at  length  into  the 
reasons  advanced  for  these  diiferent 
opinions,  and  seems   a  decided   ad- 
mirer of  general  Hutchinson's  con- 
duct through  the  whole  of  the  cam- 
paign :  he  equally  approves  his  bold- 
ness and  decision  in  undertaking  the 
march  to  Cairo  on  his  own  responsi- 
bility, and  against  the  opinion  uf  the 
council  of  war,  as  he  does  his  great 
humanity,  and  the  care  he  took  of  the 
lives  of  his  men.  While  that  general 
pursued  with  firmness  all  the  measures 
that  were  necessary  to  give  success  to 
the  expedition,  he  never  wantonly  sa- 
crificed the  life  of  a  soldier  in  an  un- 
necessary attack.     Our  author  gives 
the  following  reason  for  not  attempt- 
ing to  carry  by  assault  the  enemy's 
intrenched  position  near  Alexandria* 
'^  The  £ngiish  general  did  not  wish 
wantonly     to    sacrifice    his    brave 
troops,  particularly  at  the  conclusion 
of  a  contest.     Often   has  he  said, 
*  The  life  of  every  man  in  this  army  is 
so  valuable   to  his  country,  that  I 
feel  considerable  regret  in  exposing 
any  of  them  to  the  common  chances 
of   war;— a   hundred  &uch  soldien 

saved^ 


ACCOtJ^  OF  BOOKS.  865 

Sived,  will  be  a  greiter  satisfiction  one  to  the  Egyptians,  and  mav  ulti- 
to  me  than  all  tlic  brilliancy  of  a  sue-  mat(:ly  be  oAhe  greatest  service  to 
tcasfiil  assault.'  —  How  different  our  commerce. 
fr:im  the  prodigal  conqueror  at  Lo-  The  observations  on~  tlie  mdral 
di ;  but  the  wairiur,  the  moralist,  and  political  state  of  Egypt  which 
and  the  philosopher,  cannot  differ  conclude  the  Volume,  are  extremely 
in  iheir  opinion  of  the  respective  inleresling,  and  we  must  consider  the 
reasonings."  present  work  as  a  very  valuable  and 

Tiie  account  of  the  march  of  ge-     well  written  history   of  one  of  the 
neral    Baird    and   the    Indian   army     greatest    achievements    which      has 
from  Cossier  to  the  Nile  is  extreme-     graced  the  annals  of  our  country. 
ly  interesting  in  every  point  of  view.         As  detached  portions  of  the  work» 
On   this  march   general  Baird  eat  a-     it  would  bean  injustice  to  the  author 
blished  regular  rtiting  places  for  the     not  to  give  our  readers  an   account 
army,  where  he  had  previously  col-     of  the  capture  of  the  French  convoy, 
lectcd  provisions,   and  caused   wells     one  of  the  most  important  events  of 
to  be  dug;  on  this  march  it  was     the  campaign,  and  in  which  major 
ascertained  to  a  certainty  that  water     Wilson    (now  air  Robert)  acquired 
may  be  had  for  the  trouble  of  dig-    no  inconsiderable  share  of  reputa- 
giog  foT,  in  almost  every  ] 
desert;   a  discovery  whic 
in  some  future  time  will  gi 
and   animaiion   to  the  n. 
deserts  and  bleak  sands  of  ^ 
deed,  it  must  be  confessed 
is  no  quarter  of  the  carti; 
the  British  foot  has  trod, 
not  been  bencHttd  by  so 
discoveri.s.     At  the  Cape 
Hope,    Ibe    British   garrii 
vei  cd     coal     mir.es    whicl 
Dutch  or  natives  knew  of, 
burning  country  of  fc-gypt 
discovered  water  of  which  I 
ed African  wai  not  aware.  1 
army  also  brought  into  Ef 
principles  of  morality,  to' 
government    of    that    cou 
been  before  strangers.     To 
aitunishment  of  the  Egy[ 
Arabs,  all  the  provisions  w 
furnished  to  the  army  were  ] 
ready  money.  This  was  ivh 
their  Turkish  governors  n 
invaders  had  ever  thought 


joined   to    the    excellent 
maintained  by  our  army,  ha; 
JymaHrtbeBriti.ihnationtht 
Vol,  Xi.IV. 


866        ANNUAL    REGIS TE?L,   1802. 

my's  column,  which  was  not  then  Cavalier  of  the  responsibility  whicji 
perceptible,  attended  only  by  tlie  now  attached  to  him,  and  the  sacri- 
wild  Arabs,  who  flocked  from  all  fi^e  he  was  about  to  make.  To  this 
parts  of  the  desert.  colonel  Cavalier  seemed  to  pay  no 
''When  they  had  gone  about  seven  attention,  and  major  Wilson  .wjaa 
miles,  they  came  up  with  the  convoy,  proceeding  towards  general  Doyle^ 
^nd  reconnoitring  it,  attempted  to  when  an  aid-dc«camp  from  the 
make  the  Arabs  attack  their  front  French  gallopped  after  majorWilsoa^ 
and  right  flank,  whilst  lieutenant  and  required  him  to  return  to  coloDet 
Sutton  of  the  Minorca  regiment,  Cavalier,  who  asked  for  the  proposed 
and  aid-de-camp  to  general  Doyle,  conditions  to  be  repeated,  and  then 
who  then  also  arrived,  used  his  ut-  requested  that  he  would  wait  the 
most  exertions  to  effect  the  same  event  of  a  consultation  with  his  of- 
«ei*vice ;  but  the  French  tirailleurs  fleers.  An  evident  sensation  of  joy 
kept  them  completely  at  a  distance^  was  perceptible  in  the  troops,  *  and 
At  length  major  Wilson  proposed  to  tlieir  actions  betrayed  their  indina- 
colonel  Abercromby,thathe  might  be  tions  -,  but  the  manner  in  which  they 
allowed  to  offer  the  commandant  of  were  drawn  up  presented  a  formkU 
the  cojivoy  a  capitulation,  since  the  able  resistance  >  a  corps  df'infantcy. 
stratagem  might  succeed,  and  at  all  formed  the  front  and  rear  line, 
events  the  delay  of  the  negotiation  whilst  three  divisions  of  tHe  drome- 
would  give  time  for  the  arrival  of  dary  corps  and  heavy  dragoons 'esi 
the  infantiy.  Colonel  Abercromby  ecJieUon  protected  the  flanks  j.  in 
consented,  and  major  Wilson,  after  front  of  the  right  was  a  piece  of  can- 
some  delay  for  an  handkerchief,  dur-  non,  and  in  the  centre  c^the  squiiie 
ing  which  time  general  Doyle  arrived  were  the  baggage  camels.  Colondl 
with  the  cavalry,  and  approved  of  the  Cavalier  suddenly  came  back,  and 
measure,  rode  up  witli  a  white  said,  '  that  it  was  the  deflnitive  re- 
handkerchief  on  his  sword,  and  ap-  solve  df  his  oflicers,  that  they  coidd  ^ 
proaching  witliin  twenty  yards,  de-  only  agree  to  the  surrender  of  thdt' . 
manded  to  speak  with  the  com-  camels  and  horses,  but  that  tbef 
mandant.  Colonel  Cavalier  came  troops  must  be  sent  into  Cairo  free** 
forwards,  and  asked  hira  what  he  Major  Wilson  replied,  that  he  la- 
required.  He ,  answered,  that  ^  he  mented  this  determination,  which  he 
was  sent  by  the  commander  in  ch;ef  niust  consider  as  a  positive  refasal» 
.to  offer,  before  circumstances  might  since  plunder  was  not  ther  object  of 
render  his  submission  useless,  terms  the  English  general,  but  the  cap- 
for  the  surrender  of  his  convoy,  ture  or  destruction  of  his  troops^ 
which  were,  that  the  troops  should  therefore,  such  terms  it  would  be 
lay  down  their  arms,  and  be  sent  di-  an  insult  to  offer  him.  The  Areba  ' 
rectly  to  France.*  Colonel  Cavalier  began  now  to  presa  on,  and  the 
violently  cried  out  to  him  to.  retire  uneasiness  of  the  colidiin  became  . 
instantly,  for  he  scarcely  knew  more  and  more  apparent.  -At  last.. 
whether  he  ought  not  to  order  colonel  Cavalier  declared,  '  .tbtit^ 
his  people  to  fire.  Major  Wilson  if  he  might  lay  down  his  ifrma  at 
answered,  that  it  was  the  humanity  of  head  quarters,  instead  of  In  the^desei^ 
the  general  which  induced  him  to  of-  before  the  Bedouins  ;  if  the  ^Bicers 
fer  these  terms,  and  renvnded  colonel  might  retain  their  pwate.'pn>pert|V 


ACCOUNT  OF  BOOKS.                   867 

and   liie  men  be  sent  directly  lo  (ants  ;  bnt   io  the  degree  (hey  ab- 

Francf,  ami  (iii  their  arriving  ihere  horred  the  Frencli,    in  so  much  did 

be  no  lunger  considered  as  prisoners  the  Eogllsh  obtain  tlieir  friendship. 

of  war  ;  if  an  officer  might  be  sont  Many  of  the  infantiy,  overpow-ered 

to  Cuiro  tor  tlie  security  of  their  by  the  heat  and  march,  would  have 

baggage  left  in   depot  there,   and  perished  but  for  their   assistance ; 

major  Wilson  remain  as  a  host^ige  and' no  instance  occurred  where  they 

for  their  safe  conduct  to  the  British  abused  the  rights  of  humanity;  on 

caiup,    he    would    agree    (o    such  the  contrary,   they  conducted  in  the 

terms.'      As    these    conditions    all  stragglers  the  next  day,  after  having 

Conformed  with  the  instructions  of  aftbvded  every  rehef  in  thair  power. 

general   Hutchinson  from   govern-  "Thesurrender of tliisconvoy was 

mcnt,  and  such  bad  been  offered  to  not  only  important  from  the  number 

general  Menoii,  major  Wilson  ac-  and  quality  of  the  troops  taken,  but 

cepted  them,  and  was  proceeding  to  as  furnishing  the  army  with  auch  a. 

general  Doyle  for  Ins  sanction,  when  quantity  of  camels  as  to  relieve  the 

general  Hutchinson  arriving,  in  per-  men    from  much  of   their  severe 

son,    ratified    them.     The    Arabs,  duties,  and  ensure  a  more  certain 

some  of  whom  had  followed  from  supply  of  water, 

tJie  moment  the  convoy  left  AJex-  "An  iuquu-yinto  thecauses  which 

andriii,  were  thundei-struck  at  seeing  operated  to  produce  this  surrender 

the  enemy  thus  quietly  submit,  and  is  delicate,  and  a   pahial  opinion  is 

the  event  will  remain  recorded  in  better  not  given ;  for  all  the  circum- 

their  tribes  for  gpuerations,  stances     which     induced      colonel 

"Theconvoy  marched,  escorted  by  Gavalier   to  the  capitulation  cannot 

the  dragoons,  and  latterly  by  the  in-  be  known,  nor  can  he  he  supposed 

fantry  column,  which  it  picked  up  to  have  been   acquainted  with  the 

about  a  league  nearer  Algam,  and  state  of  the  force  moving  against 

proceeded  to  a  field  close  to  head  him. 

quaitprs,  where  the  Brench  troops  ■    "TheBritishdragoonsinfactwere 

grounded  their  arms.     They  were  without  water  or  a  feed  of  com; 

composed  of  five  hundred  and  sixty-  there  were  only  two  hundred  and 

nine  men,  infantiy,  cavalry,  and  ar-  fifty  of  them,  and  thus  nnprovided, 

tillcry,  including  one  hundred  and  to  have  continued  "the  pursuit  half 

twenty  of  the  dromedary  corps.which  an  hour   longer,  would  have  been 

were  the  picked  men  of  the  army,  almost  insanity.  General  Doyle, 
and  who  excited  universi 
tion  as  well  as  surprise ; 
pounder,  five  hundred  am 
mels,  with  their  Arab  drive 
the  property  of  the  Englis 

"  This  wa?  tlie  first  time 
in  the  desert  of  Libya,  sit 
rival  of  the  French,  e^ 
protection   from  its  sava; 


868  ANNtJAL     REGISTER,    18(Jf. 

so  fearful,  that  no  one  could  presume  men ,  and  attacked  by  three  thousand, 
on  his  success.  The  artillery  horses  still  preserving  so  bold  a  front  as  tm 
were  wearied,  and  the  guns  could  stipulate  for  the  presemuion  of  its 
not  have  proceeded.  Tlie  column  arms  to  Fraiicc.**- 
of  infantry  was  not  within  three  We  shall  coDclfide  with  the  de» 
miles  at  the  time  of  the  surrender^  scription  of  Grand  Cairo  and'itt 
and  never  could  have  come  up  if  the  defences^  which  gives  a  more  cor- 
convoy  had  persevered.  The  desert  rect  idea  of  that  celebrated  city  thaa 
ensured,  therefore,  a  safe  retreat  any  other  we  have  seen, 
(particularly  if  the  infantry  had  been  "  The  inspection  of  Grrand  C^ra 
mounted  on  the  camels)^  from  was  no  less  big  with  disappdintment. 
whence  they  might  at  any  time  have  The  French  had  anticipated  on  their 
reached  the  cultivated  countiy,  or  arrival  the  sight  of  magnificent  b^uld* 
even  continued  on  as  far  as  the  ings,  grand  squares,  sumptuous  de- 
pyramids^  before  they  attempted  to  corations^  a  genersd  appearance  of 
enters  they  had  some  provisions,  wealth  and  riches,  of  commerce,  th^ 
and  could  not  want  water  5  the  wells  -  enjoyment  of  every  luxury  in  all  the 
at  the  lake  of  Natron,  where  there  are  profusion  of  eastern  splendour,  in 
Coptic  monasteries,  would  have  short,  a  capital  where  their  recre» 
yielded  a  sufficiency;  but  then  the  ations  would  amply  compensate  them 
situation  of  men  is  to  be  considered,  for  the  misery  diey  had  suffered  o& 
who,  in  the  midst  of  a  burning  desert,  their  route  thither.  This  city  they 
were  offered  a  rescue  from  a  wretch-  fondly  fancied  to  have  been  the  em- 
ed  country,  which  they  so  long  had  porium,  which  was  the  object  i>ft^ 
suffered  in,  and  a  return  to  their  expedition,  and  the  reward  of  France 
native  land  and  families.  to  them  for  their  services  in  Egypt 

*' Human  nature  was  scarcely  proof  Great    therefore  was  thdr    disap- 

against  such  temptations,  and  such  pointment,  when  they  saw  none  of 

weaknesses  must  be  considered  with  these  expectations  realized,  but,  oa 

humanity  -,  nor  could  colonel  Cava-  the  contrary,  the  desperate  certainty  < 

lier  alone  resist  the  general  inclina-  that  they  were  involved  ia  a,  wietcb- 

tion.  edness,  from  which  they  cotdd  not 

''  The  French  troops,  after  the  bat-  escape. 
tie  of  the  21st, .  were  not  very  well        "  The  English,  instructed  bv  thdlr 

affected,  or  in  a  state  of  necessary  error,  expected  little,  yet    aid  not 

subordination  :  colonel  Cavalier  was  reduce  their  ideas  low  enough* 
even  heard  to  request  the  patience  of        "  The  town  of  Boulac,  which  is  tbtt 

liis  people  until  the  terms  could  be  great  suburb  of  Cairo,  M^as  one  hesnf 

arranged  with  honour  to  them  ;  and  of  ruins,  having  been  destroyed  ty 

all  the  officers  afterwards  avowed,  the  French  during  the  siege  in  tl^ 

that  when  *  France*  was  mentioned  insurrection  in  the  year  l^dd*  A  few 

by  major  Wilson,  that  word  electri-  wretched  hovels,  and  two,  or  three 

fied  the  soldiers,  and  tlie  sentiments  bai'racks,  were  the  only  remaining 

connected  with  it  were  not  to  be  buildings  of  this  once  large  and  piH 

repressed.  pulous  fauxbourg. 

"  General  Regnier,  as  usual  inac-  '*  Thecity  of  Cairo  itselfis  alsovety 
curate,  represents  this  convoy  as  much  shattered  at  the  diffiovnt  en- 
composed  of  four  hundred  and  fifty  trances  f  tlie  streeti  .are  about  tmo 

yard! 


ACCOUNT  OF  BOOKS.                    869 

jardsiwide;  the  houses  very  high,  provements  being  attentled  to,  and 

and  built  of  brick  like  those  of  Ro-  thas  the  city  bears  irretrievable  mo-i 

setta.  numents  of  thrir  ravages,  with  very 

"Thepabcesoftliebeysarelarge;  few  indeed  of  their  benefits.     The 

two  or  three  of  tiiem  are  verj' fine  bairas,  or  exchanges,  which  the  mcr- 

builJings ;  particularly  Cassan  Bey's,  chants    occupy,    are   lai^e    square 

where  the  lnstitutewasbe]d,andtlie  buildings,  divided  into  little  shops, 

house  in  Place  Beqiiier,  in  which  in  whidi  the  treasure*  of  tije  cara- 

Kleber  lived,  and  in  the  garden  of  vans    were  dcpositsd.      Since    the 

which  he  was  murdered*.  arrival  of  tlie  French  none  had  come 

"  Place  Bequier  is  a  large  open  from  Arabia,  and  even  an  unwash- 

square,  where  most  of  the  beys  re-  ed  shawl  was  not  to  be  bought, 

sided;    but  many  of  their   houses  "  The  dtadel,  in  which  tJie  pacha 

have  been  destroyed  by  the  French  ;  was  always  kept  as  a  kind  of  state 

indeed,  one  v.'hole  side  is  in  ruins,  prisoner,  is  a  miserable  paltry  castle, 

I'his    place    has,    however,    been  and  the  avenue  of  houses  leading  to 

Dlherwise  improved  hy  them,  trees  it  is  horrible.     In  the  citadel  is  the 

being  planted  on  each  side  of  the  celebrated  wellcalled  Joseph's,  being 

roads  which  cross  the  square  at  right  dug  in  the  time  of  a  vizier  bearing. 

angles,  iind  fosses  having  been  dug  thai  name.     It  is  excavated  in  the 

to  retain  the  water,  with  the  view  of  rock,  is   two  hundred  and  ei^h^ 

chicking   the  dreadiul  quantity  of  feet  deep,  and  forty  two  in  circum- 

diist  which  flies  from  the  sand  and  ference.     Winding  stairs  lead  gra- 

ruins  always  in  the  evening.  dually  to  the  bottom,  and  some  way 

"  To  conceive  the  true  nature  of  down ;  oxen  are  employed  in  turning 

this  iiisulterable  nuisance,  the  whirl-  the  wheels  to  raise  tlie  water,  which 

wind  of  other  countries  must  be  is  very  brackish, 

imagined  as  occurring  every  evening,  "  In  the  quarter  of  tJie  Franks  are 

and  filling  the  whole  atmosphere  of  two  monasteries,  which  are  kept  in 

Egypt  Willi  burning  dust,  atid  the  very  good  order-     The  monks  were 

light  particles  of  rubbish.  eMremel^  hospitable,  but  the  French 

"Thus  the  only  part  of  the  day  almost  reduced  them    to   absolute 

which  is  tolerable  fi-om  the  dimi-  want,  and  robbed  their  churches  as 
nulion  of  heat  cann 
vantage  of  as  dte 
excereisei". 

"Tlie  French  had  i 
opened  the  streels 
formed  through  PI 
magiiifieent  road  fro 
Gixa  ;  but  the  dis' 
times  did  not  allow 

*  He  was  slabtied  w! 
mark  the  railing  a^ainiiC 

■f-  IiideiKiident  of  Ehii 
are  always  visible.  Sun 
itarwly  ever  fewer  than 
•luiilj  blown  iniu  the  ai 


870         ANNUAL     REGISTER,' 1802. 

imprisonments  5  indeed  so  much,  that  *'  The  circumference  of  the  cify  of 

they  preferred  the  government  of  the  Cairo,  including  the  suburb  of  Bou- 

Mamelukes,  for  each  merchant  had  lac,  is  six  miles ;  and  yet  this  place^  ^ 

then  his  patron  bey,  whom  he  ser-  till  lately,was  considered  in  .the  Earst^ 

ved,  and  charged  against  Kim  again  and  partially  through  Europe,  as  thd 

in  goods  those  losses  power  had  ex-  largest  capital  in  the  world, 

torted  from  himj  thus  a  reciprocal  "  The  people  were  excessively  dirty, 

interest  and  understanding  wT.re  es-  mostly  affected  in  their  eye^  5   and 

tablished  between  them,  by  which  swarm.^   of    beggai^,    distdJted   at 

the  person  of  the  merchant  was  pro-  un^natural  formed  wretches,  crowded 

tected*,    whilst    the  beys,    never  the  streets  h.   The  manners  and  cus- 

thinking  beyond  tlieir  own  imme-  toms  of  the  inhabitants  are  so  wdl 

diate  wants,  considered  them  as  a  delineated  in  the  Arabian  Nights  En-* 

kind  of  banker,  whom  they  might  tertainments  J,  that  ever^-  one  has 

command  at  any  time,  and  repay  been  agreeably  made  acquainted  with 

•with  the  exactions  levied  on  others  5  them. 

an  exchange  the  Franks  knew  how  "  The  railitaiy  position  of  Carlo  ii 

to  convert  into  their  own  favour  :  not  good;,  its  citadel  is  commanded 

on  the  contrary,  during  the  French  by  the  heights  of  Mokattam,  which 

government,  enormous  impositions  are  perpendicularly  elevated  about^A 

were  laid  on  them  5  they  were  re-  stone's  throw  from  the  works,  and  . 

pealedly  sent  as  hostages  to  the  ci-  completely  look  into  every  batteiyi 

tadel,  and  instead  of  obtaining  the  so  that  musquetry  could  play  on  any 

consequence   they  expected,    were  part.     Rut  to  plant  cannon  on  thes** 

jeduced  to  poverty,  and  treated  with  heights  would  have  been  extremely 

insult.  difficult.    The  detour  was  very  con* 

»  Travellers  have  des.cribed  with  much  indignation  the  treatment  which  the  Frankt 
experienced,  and  particularly  mentioned  the  indignity  of  their  being  obliged  in  Cairo  to 
ride  on  jack-asses ;  but  the  fact  is,  that  the  Mamelukes  wishing  to  keep  the  good  hones 
to  themselves,  made  this  regulation;  nor  is  it  at  all  severe,  since  this  Animal,  so  much 
despised  in  Europe,  is  in  Egypt  beautiful,  with  very  good  paces.  Their  mules  are  tlsQ 
excellent ;  indeed  both  so  good,  that  td  ride  about  a  town  every  one  would  prefer  them. 
The  wives  of  the  beys  even  ride  on  them.  To  pass  the  desert,  dromedaries  areus^^  . 
and  to  travel  to  Rosetta,  the  Nile  is  the  most  agreeable  passage.  Itwasi  however,  rather 
a  ludicious  scene  to  see  the  British  infantry  officers  riding  on  jack-asses,  and  every  one 
Icept  his  dapple,  since  an  order  was  issued  by  the  commander  in  chief  against,  the  pnr^ 
chase  of  horses,  except  for  the  cavalry  and  the  general  service. 

f  There  wire  two  very  remarkaljle  cases  : — one  was  of  a  man  who  apparently  had  no 
body :  and  the  other  of  one  who  had  a  belly  hanging  down  from  his  navel  to  his  andei  ^  - 
a  blue  skin  contained  his  bowels,  but  which  seemed  so  thin  as  to  be  liable  every  mo- 
ment to  burst.  The  weight  was  enormous,  and  its  size  appeared  much  larger  than  SA 
ox's  paunch.  The  unfortunate  wretch  was  otherwise  in  good  health,  and  crawled  about 
gaining  his  bread  by  begging.  ■     ,  .    ' 

X  It  may  afford  some  pleasure  to  many  readers',  and  particularly  the  female  part,  for  it 
is  presumed  they  will  honour  this  work  by  a  perusal,  to  know  that  Mr.  Hammer^  in  Cairo^  ^ 
procured  a  complete  edition  of  the  Arabian  Nights  Entertainments  in  Arabic  mapn- 
script,  containing 'many  more  stories  than  tavc  as  yet  been  published,  an4  which' he 
means  to  translate.  '  .  ..  t 

Since  the  first  edition,  I  have  ascertained  that  Mr.  Clark  had  the  fortune  to  dlacoim 
this  work,  thQ  only  perfect  and  complete'one  extant  in  the  world,  and  which  Mr. 
Clark  has  given  to  Jesus  College,  Cambridge.  It  is  in  four  large  Tolnmes  quarto,  and 
contains  17*2  mles^  which  are  divided  into  one  thousand  and  one  nighcs. 

aidertdbte 
I 


■  t 


ACCOUNT  OF  BOOKS.  871 


* 


biJerable  to  reach  them,  yet  neces-  sault,  and  would  have  required  tlic 
sary,  in   order  to   avoid   the  forts,  battering  of  heavy  artillery,  when , 
whilst    the    immense  chasms    and  they  might  have  still  resisted  four  or 
ravines  in  this  part  of  the  desert,  to  five  days  5  but,  nevertheless,  as  they 
go  round  which  there  was  scarcely  a  could  be  passed  in  an  assault  by  night, 
camel's  track,  rendered  any  attempt  they  were  to  be  considered  rather  a» 
to  bring  heavy  artillery  almost  im-  a  strong  chain  of  works  to  an  in- 
possible  j    and   as    the  number  of  trenched  camp,  than  the  defences  of 
troops  to  maintain  the  post  must  a' fortified  city. 
Jiave    been     proportioned    to    the  **  Behind  these  vras  a  line  of  in- 
strength  of  the  garrison,  the  great  trenchments,  in  front  of  which  was  * 
want  of  water  would  have  rendered  dug  a  very  deep  ditch,  and  the  walls 
its  occupation  nearly  impracticable  3  of  Cairo  formed  the  last  line  of  de- 
yet  if  these  obstacles  could  have  been  fence. 

surmounted,  the  citadel  was  so  weak,  "  The  southern  front  was  protected 

that  a  very  slight  battery  would  have  by  an  aqueduct  (with  the  cavity  of - 

crumbled  the  whole  into  dust.  the    arches    built    up),   extending 

*'  rhe  French,  for  the  further  de-  from  tlie  citadel  to  a  large  building 

fence  of  the  town,   constructed  on  on  the  banks  of  the  NUe,  and  in  which 

the  high  hiils  of  mbbish,  which  laid  were  the  works  to   throw   up  the 

on  the  north  and  east  fronts  of  it,  water    into    the     aqueduct.     This 

small  square  stone  towers,  at  such  building  was  converted  into  a  fort 

distances  as  to  flank  each  other,  and  by    the    French.      In   front    were 

the  line  of  each  front  was  command-  several  small  detached  forts,  and  the 

ed  by  a  principal  fort  5   that  to  the  remains  of  Old  Cairo  f,  which  place. 

north  was  called  Fort  Camin,  that  was  not  fortified  except   by  a  few 

on  the  east  Fort  Dupuis.  batteries  on  tlie  bank  of  the  Nile^' 

*'  All  of  these  towers  were  bomb  open  in  the  gorge,  consequently  not 

proof,  a  deep  ditch  surrounded  them,  to  be  defended    against    an  army 

and  a   gun   from   the   upper  story  which  had  crossed  the  river  higher. 

was  worked  out  of  a  covered  em-  '*  Fort  Ibrahim    Bey  arid   Fort 

brasure  *.  Each  was  provided  with  a  L'Institute  formed  tlie  second  line, 

cistern  3  the  door  was  in  the  centre.  This  was  the  weakest  side  in  regard 

and  a  moveable  ladder  the  means  of  to  fortification,  but  strong  from  po-» 

ascent :  so  fortified,  they  defied  as-  sition,  as  the  Nile  was  to  be  passed^ 

*  Each  tower  was  intended  to  be  manned  with  fifteen  men :  it  was  such  a  tower  as 
those  which  at  Corsica  resisted  for  three  days  several  men  of  war,  one  of  which  was 
set  on  fire,  and  another  dismasted ;  nor  was  it  taken  until  a  landing  was  made  by  some 
troops. 

t  In    Old  Cairo,  except  the  gr               if  the  patri 

pieces  of  j^round  enclosed  by  wa  »,  cuiui  "^^"^  into  cu»»»i 

markable.     'i'he  greater  part  of  ihe  "          Hei 

and  who  was  a  very  fine  venerable  ' 

on  the  scite  of  this  city  ;  a  quarter  of        .  if 
A  large  canal,  supposed  by  some  t" 
by  others  in  the  reign  of  one  of  the  . 
crosses  the  mid  He  of  the  new  town  n 
fence,  as  it  is  only  filled  with  warer  ^ 
Qciohcr.    A  splendid  ceremony 
canal. 


y  »      **• 


872        ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1902, 


and  the  front  wag  very  contract- 
ed. 

'*  The  west'»rn  side  is  defended  by 
the  Nile  and  the  island  of  Rhoda,  on 
which  were  several  heavy  batteries, 
particularly  at  the  northern  point. 
At  the  dry  season  of  the  year,  the 
interior  channel,  which  runs  by  the 
farm  of  Ibraliim  Bey,  is  fordable  in 
several  places,  so  tliat  the  Nile  must 
be  considered  then  as  the  only  river 
to  be  forded. 

"  The  island  of  Rhoda  is  the  pret- 
tiest spot  in  Egypt :  very  fine  sycamore 
trees  grew  along  its  banks,  a^rdiog 
the  most  gratifying  shade,  yet  do  not 
provide  a  sufficient  barrier  to  the 
whirlwinds  and  clouds  of  dust, 
which,  although  ha\nng  to  pass  the 
Kile,  are  still  here  intolerable.  On 
this  island  is  celebrated  the  mekias, 
by  which  the  height  of  the  Nile  is 
ascertained:  a  redoubt,  witli  six 
pieces  of  cannon,  served  as  the  tete 
du  pont  to  tJie  bridge  which  connects 
Giza.  Giza  is  adirty  vijlage,  which 
the  French  have  improved  by  build- 
ing half  a  dozen  houses,  and  esta- 
blishing in  it  their  manufactories  of 
arms,  shot,  &:c.  The  chiefornament 
of  the  place  is  a  palace  of  JVIorad 
Bey's,  much  in  ruins  ;  and  an  ex- 
cellent coftbe -house,  kept  by  a 
Frenchman,  who  remained  behind, 
was  acknowledged  to  be  its  most 
agreeable  embellishment. 

*'  I'he  works  of  Giza  are  very 
contemptible ;  a  wall  surrounds  the 
^\hole,  except  on  the  northern  front, 
where  Morad  Bey's  house  forms  the 
defence.  This  wall  is  very  thin, 
and  not  high  enough  to  render  an 
escalade  difficult  3  but  to  delay  the 
immediate  approach,  a  chaii^  of  re- 
doubts was  thrown  forwards  alK)Ut 
sixty  yards  ;  yet  the  whole  resist- 
ance would  have  proved  insigni- 
ficant, if  tlie  strengtli  of  the  garrison 


had  not  prevented  an  atsaolt  Stidi 
were  Cairo  and  Its  ootworks.  In 
this  state^  defended  by  ten  thoannd 
men,  and  with  three  btindred  and 
sixty-three  serviceable  pieces  of  can- 
non, including  the  fifty  rehioved  by 
the  French,  did  the  wh<^  surrender 
without  the  firing  of  a  short/' 

We  have  gone  to  uoutoal  length 
in  thia  article,  because  it  must  be 
more  interesting  to  the  English  rea- 
der than  any  other  subject,  so  long 
as  national  glory  and  British  valoor, 
which  shine  so  conspicuously  in 
every  page  of  the  work,  shall  have 
the  power  of  inspiring  him  with  the 
principles  of  patriotism  and  honour. 


Travels  through  Sweden,   Finland, 
and  Lapland,  to  the  North  Cape,     ' 
in  the  Years  Ijgd  and  1799.     -B^ 
Joseph  Acerhi. 

THE  author  of  this  h^hly  inter- 
esting work  being  a  natit e  of 
Italy»  we  do  not  consider  him  ac* 
countable  for  a  very  itw  iuaccuraciea 
of  style  which  may  occur  in. the 
course  of  two  vols,  in  4to.  whilst 
we  feel  ourselves  bound  to  bestow 
great  praise  upon  him. as  a  laborioot, 
enlightened^  and  judicious  travel- 
ler. His  observations  are  those  of  a. 
discriminating  mind,  and  bear  every 
mark  of  truth ;  but  from  a  cerfatn 
vein  of  satiie  by  which  they  arc  ac- 
companied, we  are  inclined  to  think 
that  this  work,  like  Dr.  Johnson's 
lour  to  the  Hebrides,  will  find  anote. 
admirers  in  other  countries  than  in  , 

that  which  it  describes. 

Mr.  A.  landed  at  HeJUingburg, 
from  Denmark ;  from  thence  he  pro- 
ceeded  to  Gottenburg.  He  remarks^ 
with  great  truth,  that  the  mode  of 
travtlling  in  Sweden,  every  circunK 
sunce  considered^  h  little  chcnper  * 


tlUB 


%     I 


ACCOUNT  OF  BOOKS. 

ihan  in  other  countries,  though  it  on  the  river  to  Go 

may  appear  bo  from  the  price  of  each  obvious  importance  ( 

horse.     The  roads,    lie  admits,  are  long  attracted  the 

eicellent,    but   "  between   Helsing-  Swedish  governmen 

burg  and  Stockholm,  a  distance   of  ployed   immense  au 

near  400  Kii^lish  miles,  nothing  that  times, duringalmoat 

can  be  considered  as  an  inn  is  to  be  for  the   execution 

found."  standing  which,  thi 

Having  deicribed  Gottenburg,  the  proceeded   so  sjowl 

fecond   city  in  Sweden,  our  author  little  effect,  that  it 

conducts  us  to  Trolhatta,  the  ca-  every  human  effort 

taracts  and  canal  at  which  place  he  skill.    Its  actual  ace 

describes  in  the  following  words;  reserved  to  lea?h  a 

"  Trolhatta  is  a  place  where  the  lesson  to  goveinraer 
admirers  of  natural  beauties,  if  they  .  bodies  of  men,  that 

could    be  tolerably  accommodated,  dertaking  should  ]< 

would  be  tempied  to  stop  for  several  under  their  directioi 

days,  as  it  is  scarcely  possible  in  less  quickened,  and  ma' 

time  to  have  any  satisfactory  view  of  it  becomes  the  inten 

the  famous  cataracts,  and  the  canal,  not  to  embezzle  thi 

which  is  one  of  the  boldest  and  most  when  their  fortune 

amazing  works  of  the-  kind   in   the  entering  minutely  ii 

world.     The. cataracts  are  a  series  of  of  labour  and  expen 

cascades  formed  by  the  river  Gbtha,  ing  the   work  as  sp 

wliich  issues  from  the  lake  Wcnnern,  to  a  just  and  happy 

and  being  united  after  many  breaks,  association   was  foi 

fall,  in  its  whole  and  undivided  stream,  burg  merchants,  am 

from  a  height   of  upwards  of  siiLty  stock  was  raised ;  t 

feet,  into  an  unfathomable  abyss  of  toll  on  the  future  c 

water.  and  secured  by  goi 

'*  The  canal  of  Trolhatta  has  been  in  the  eventual  proc 

wrought  through  the  midst  of  rocks,  higher  and  higher  p 

by   the   means   of  gunpowder.     Its  ^^vanccd  ;  and  in   1 

objeifi  was  to  open  a  communication  or'  six  years  the  wi 

between  the  North  Sea  and  the  lake  cd.  ■  The  length  c 

Wenofrn,  by  continuing   the,  navi-  whicfa  there  are  nin 

gWion   where   the   Giitha,    dashing  three  miles  ;  the  wi 

down  in  cataracts,  ceases  to  be  na-  depth,   in  some  pi 

vigahle.     All  the  bar-iron  of  Ncri-  Basins  are  formed,  1 

cia,    Warmerland,    and  other   pro-  tances,  for  various 

vinces,  u  transported  in  small   boats  it  is  unnecessary- to 

across  the  lake  of   Wennern,    and  ii  not  easy  for  anj 

along  the  Giitha,  as  far  as  the  falls,  idea  of  the  difficult 
By  means  of  tl 


874      ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


of  the  heights  and  rugged  substances 
through   which  ii  was  necessary  to 
penetrate  before  that  level  could  be 
effected.     1  saw  the  canal  uot.  only 
w  hen  it  was  accomplished*  but  in  its 
laborious  progress  towards  comple- 
tion.     This  canal,  undertaken  and 
begun    by    Charles    XII.     formed 
part  of  a  grand  plan   meditated  by 
Gustavas  Vasa,    and  attempted   by 
some  of  his  successors,  for  joining 
the  Baltic  with  the  North  Sea,  by 
means    of    a    communication     cut 
through   the  kingdom.     If   ever  a 
canal  should  be  extended  from  the 
lake  of  Wennern,  which  is  the  larg- 
est in  Sweden,  being  about  500  miles 
Idng,  and  75  broad,  by  Orcbio,  to 
the  lake  ot    Hiclmar,    the  Swedes 
may  then,  by  a  conjunction  of  this 
lake  with   that  of  Malar,  through 
the  sluices  of  Arboga,  transport  all 
kinds  of  merchandize  in  the  same 
vessel  from   Gothenburg  to  Stock- 
holm.     Thus  a  passage  would  be 
opened  between  the  North  Sea  and 
the  Baltic,  and,   among   other  ad- 
irantages,  the   duty   of  the   Sound 
would   be  avoided.      The  canal  of 
Trolhatta  may  justly  be  considered 
as  in  some  respects  characteristical  of 
the  Swedish  nation ;  for  it  represents 
them  as  they  are,  prone  to  the  con- 
ception   of  grand  enterprises,    and 
distinguished  by  mechanical  inven- 
tion.    As  a  work  of  art,  and  of  bold 
and  persevering  design,  it  is  not  too 
much  to  say,  that  it  is  the  first  in  the 
world,   even  the  duke  of  Bridgewa- 
ter's  canal   in    England,  and  that  of 
Langucdoc  in  France,  not    except- 
ed/' 

Mr.  A.  was  under  considerable 
diiTiculties  in  procuring  a  lodging  on 
his  arrival  at  Stockholm,  there  being, 
properly  speaking,  no  inns  in  the 
town .  His  topographical  account  of 
the  capital  b  accurate  and  detailed ; 


his  description  of  a  winter  socne,  i^* 
lustrated  by  an  engraving,  it  ex- 
tremely curious  to  an  inhabitant  of 
the  mure  southern  latitudes. 

*'  The  grand  and  most  distinguish- 
ed feature  in  the  locality  of  that  eity^ 
namely,    being  situated  on   island* 
amidst  gulfs  and  lakes,  is  destroyed 
by  the  ice.     Th&  same  water  which 
divides  the  inhabitants  of  the  iiS&r* 
'  ent  quarters  in  summer,  unites  thcoi 
in  winter.    It  becomes  a  plain  wbiclf 
is  traversed  by  every  body«     Tho 
islands  are  islands  no  longer;  horses 
in  sledges,  phaetons,and  in  vehicles  of  ^ 
all  sorts,  placed  on  skates,  scour  th«  ' 
gulf,  and  lakes,  by  the  side  of  tfaipt 
hxed  in  the  ice,  and  astonished  u 
it  were,  to  find  themselves  in  aock 
company   on    the    same   element* 
Those  lakes  which  in  summer  were 
brightened  by  the  clear  transpareacy 
of  their  waters  reflecting  every  oh* 
ject  on  their  banks,  and  presenting 
the  animated  picture  of  skifis^  oan^ 
and  small  sails,  are  now  turned  into 
a  place  of  rendezvous  for  ekii  and 
children  mingling   in  one   throng. 
They  walk,  slide,  fly  about  in  skdg* 
es,  or  glide  along  on  small  jskatet* 
In  the  exercise  of  skating,  they  dis- 
play great  dexterity  and  address,  and 
amuse  the  spectators  with  the  ease 
and  quickness  of  their  various  mofd* 
ment8>   darting   forward  with  tht 
speed  of  arrows,  turning  and  returir 
ing,  and,  balancing  their  bodies  ae* 
cording. to  inclination  and  ctr€un»* 
stances,  in  such  a  manner,  that  i^  jp 
sometimes  difficult  to  imagine  ^hift 
can  be  their  principle  of   motioir; 
There  is  no  part  of  this  great  mass 
of  water  that  is  not  arrested  and  sub* 
dued  by  the  frost,  except  the  cum 
rent  under  the  north  bridge»  and  on 
the  south  near  the  king's  stafaka* 
Here  the  water,  which  during  Hie 
keenest  frost  dashes  aad.foanatwjUi 


ACCOUNT  OF  BOOKS.  875 

a  great  noise  through  the  arches  of  ry  in  which  the  wheels  were  covered 
thebiidge,  sends  up  majestic  clouds  and  adorned.  This  Tehicle,  wilh  all 
of  vapjur  to  a  considerable  height  its  appurtenances,  afforded  a  natite 
in  the  atmoiphcre,  where,  in  the  of  Italy  a  veiy  singular  speci-"jlej 
extreme  rigour  of  winter,  being  con-  the  hovse  was  wrapped  up,  as  it 
verted  by  the  iiitenseness  of  the  cold  seemed,  in  a  mantle  of  white  down, 
into  aolid  particles,  they  are  preci-  which,  under  his  breast  and  belly, 
pitated  down  through  iheir  weight,  was  fringed  with  points  and  lufts  of 
and  presenting  their  surface  to  the  ice.  Stalactical  ornaments  of  the 
sun,  assOme  the  appearance  of  a  same  kind,  some- of  them  to  the 
shower  of  silver  sand,  reflecting  the  length  pf  a  foot,  were  also  attached 
solar  rays,  and  adorned  with  all  to  his  nose  and  mouth.  The  servant 
manner  of  colours.  In  the  interior  who  attended  the  cart  had  on  a  frock,  . 
of  Stockholm,  throughout  all  its  which  was  encrusted  with  a  solid 
diflereiit  quarters,  every  thing  in  win-  mass  of  ice.  His  eyebrows  and  hair 
ter,  in  like  manner,  undergoes  a  slid-  jingled  with  icicles,  which  werefotra- 
den  change,  Tiie  snow  that  begins  ed  by  the  action  of  the  frost  on  hit 
to  fall  in  the  letter  weeks  of  autumn,  breath  and  perspiration.  Sometime* 
covers  and  hides  the  streets  for  the  the  water  in  the  pump  was  frozen, 
space  of  six  months,  and  renders  so  that  it  became  necessary  to  melt 
them  more  pleasant  and  convenient  it,  by  the  injection  of  a  red  hot  bar 
than  they  are  in  summer  or  autumn  ;  of  iron.  I  have  attempted  to  make 
at  which  seasons,  partly  on  account  a  drawing  of  this  carriage  ;  but  it  it 
of  the  pavement,  and  partly  on  ac-  difGcult  for  art  to  imitate  the  opera- 
count  of  the  dirt,  tbey  are  often  tions  and  efFefls  of  the  froal  j  dis- 
almost  impassable.  One  layer  of  played  in  the  various  appearimcea  of 
snow  on  another,  hardened  by  the  the  ice,  its  transparency,  and  the 
frost,  forms  a  surface  more  equal  fantastical  beauty  of  its  embroide- 
and  agreeable  to  walk  on,  which  is  rles,  are  not  easily  copied.  For  the 
sometimes  raised  more  than  a  yard  purpose  of  rendeiing  the  design, 
above  the  stones  of  the  street.  You  more  interesting,'"  I  have  chosen  thc 
are  no  longer  stunned  by  the  irksome  pump  at  the  bridge  near  the  mint } 
noise  of  carriage  wheels,  but  this  is  this  gave  me  an  opportunity  of  ina 
eschanged  for  the 
bells,  with  which 
horses  before  the  si 
wheels  now  to  he  : 
are  those  of  smal 

water  from  the  | 
This  compound  of 
ways  struck  me  as 
extraordinary  ohje 
I  once  took  the  tri 

the  whimsical  rube 
bad  invested  It,  a 
the  variegated  and 


87G        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1802, 

When  they  comr  to  a  declivity^  thqr     the  onitrd  power  of  maay  aq;iiici, 
lest  with  their  left  hip  and  thigh  on     which  launched  forth  m  gicat 


the  &}edge,  and  gh'de  down  to  the  of  water,   the  fire  was  got  onder^ 

bottom  with  a  velocity  which,  to  a  after  dcitroyrag  ooly  the  roof,  thit 

•tr?nger,    appears  hoth  astoniahiog  home  itself  being  very  little  dumag^ 

and  frightful,  guiding,  all  the  while,  ed.     It  was  in  the  apper  stories  of 


the  motion  of  the  sledge  with  their  the  building  that  the  stock  of 

right  fwA,     The  address  with  which  was  deposited;  there  was  also  BBaaj 

they  perform  this  it  is  not  easy  for  vessels  full  of  treacle,  which  bciiw 

any  one  to  conceive  who   has  not  broken  by  the  faUing  In  of  the  roo^ 

witnessed  it.     If  yoa  add  to  the  ob-  the  jaice  ran  down  i^ong  the  sides  of 

jects  which  I  have   been  describing,  the  walls.     The  water  thrown  op  tl» 

the  cup'ous  appearance  of  the  many  the  top  of  the  house  by  theengnwi^ 

different   pel  ices  that  are  worn  with  and  flowing  back  on  the  walls,  stair- 


furs  on  the  outside,  you  will  imagine  cases,    and    through   the 

what  a  striking  scene  the  streets  of  was  stopped  in  its  downward  coonv 

Stockholm,  in  winter,  present  to  a  by  the  mighty  power  of  the  ifOft« 

foreigner,  especially  to  one  that  came  After  the  fire  was  cxtinguisbed*  tiM 

from  the  southern  part  of  Europe.  engines  continued  for  some  time  to 

*'  In  the  winter  of  1799,  ^  beheld  play,  and  the  water  they  dischaiged 

at  Stockholm  a  spectacle  of  a  very  was  fiozen  almost  the  instant  it 


vDccmnion  nature,  and  such  as  I  ne-  in  contact  with  the  walls^  already 

▼er,  in  all  probability,   shall  see  a  vered  with  ice.    Thus  a  hoose 

second  time.     It  was  a  sugar  house  ibrmed  of  the  most  extraofdinasyi 

on  fire  in  the  suburbs,  on  the  south  appearance  that  i%  is  posaMe  toOMij 

side  of  the  city.    The  acddent  being  ceive ;  it  was  so  curious,  an  objed^. 

amicmnced  by  the  discharge  of  can*  that  every  body  came  to  ga^  at  ft 

son,  all  the  fire-engines  were  imme-  as  a  something  wonderful;  the  whole 

diatcly    hurried   to   the  aid  of  the  building  was  incmsted  fron^  top  ta 

rrurners.     The  severity  of  that  win-  bottom  with  a  thick  coot  of  ice;  tlid 

ttr  was  so  great,  that  there  was  not  doors  and  windows  were  dosed  mpf. 

a  single  spot  near  where  the  water  and  in  order  to  gain  admifsioaf  it 

was  not  frozen  to  the  depth  of  a  was  necessary,   witb  haouners  and 

yard  from  the  surface.     It  was  ne-  hatchets,  to  open  a  passage  j  thc^- 

cessary  to  break  the  ice  with  hatch-  were  obliged  to  cut  through  tb€  ioe 

cts  and  hammers,  and  to  draw  .the  another    stairease,  for  the  puifftjM 

water  from  the  well.     Immediately  of  ascending  to  the  tipper  stoiieiw 

on  filling  the  casks,  they  were  oblig-  All  the  rooms,  and  what  remained 

ed  to  carry  them  off  with  all  possi-  of  the  roof,   were  embellislKd  bf 

ble  speed,  lest  the  water  should  be  long  stalactites  of  mnlctfiuKNltihiipitib 

congealed,  as  in  fact  about  a  third  and  of  a  yellowish  colour,  compoicy 

part  of  it  was  by  the  time  it  was  of  the  treacle  and  congealed  .water* 

bnjught  to  the  place  where  it  was  This  building,  coatcoiplatcd  iA  the 

wanted.     In  order  to  prevent  it  as  h'ght  of  the  sun^   seemed  to  bear 


much  as  possible  from  freezing,  they  some  analogy  to  those  diaaaon^ 

constantly  kept  stirring  it  about  with  ties  that  are  raised  by  thcimaginatjnn 

a  stick;  but  even  this  operation  had  of  poets.      It  remained  upwards  of 

only  a  partial  effect.     At  last,  by  tWQ  monthi  iu  the  fUBCMt^.MA 


ACCOXJNT  OF  BOOKS. 


WAS  visiied  by  all  tlie  curie 
dren  in  particular  had 
amusirmfint  with  it,  and  c 
nut  a  little  to  the  deetruct 
enchanted  palace,  by  seai 
ihc  particles  of  sugar,  w 
fouiid  in  many  places  ini 
with  the  ice." 

Mr.  A-  ylves  rather  a 
description  of  the  countr 
the  Swedisii  gentry.  "  Thi 
«ay8  he,  "  are  forthe  mosi 
santty  situated,  andembell 
works  of  art,  which  secoi 
prove  the  eRbrls  of  nati 
there  find  hothouses,  in  w 
raise  peaches,  pine-apple; 
and  other  fruit.  All  kind 
liquors,  and  other  delic 
lavished  at  the  table  of  ; 
gentleman,  or  rich  raanufE 
meichanr,  in  the  country. 


possible  laid  a^ide.  The 
the  merchaote  are  the  most 
as  well  ai  the  best  maint. 
cause  they  live  in  the  a 
strained  manner,  tb^t  is  ti 
the  least  etiquette,  and  an 
est  class  of  society  i  ihe  Oi 
vcr  can  div£9t  ihemselves  . 
that  formality   which  seei 

sequenily  they  do  not  enjo; 
Bures  of  the  country  in  i 
The  two  French  tiavellers 
mentioned,  who  certainly  e 
no  prejudices  aftainut  the 
made  the  same  remark  in  i 
ney  through  Scania;  an 
justly  be  extended  to  the 
the  order  in  every  part  of 
'  Many  gentlemen,*  they  s 
the  summer  in  the  country, 
of  them  the  whole  year;  1 

culous  vaiijtv.    Is  by  no 


878        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


dressed  up  in.  this  Tnanner  first  take 
the  liquor,  and  propose  the  toasts, 
which  are  generally  numerous,  and 
constantly  accompanied  with  the  cry 
of  vivat,  answering  to  the  English 
huzza.  When  any  of  the  royal  fa- 
mily, or  a  general  officer,  chance  to 
pass  by,  their  healths  are  drank,  and 
always  with  the  same  accompanW 
ment  of  vlvat,  A  kind  of  masque- 
rade ensues  for  a  short  time,  during 
which  the  soldiers  amuse  the  people 
that  flock  round  them  in  the  lines  of 
the  camp  with  songs,  and  indulge 
themselves  in  various  freaks  and  acts 
of  merriment.  On  beating  the  re- 
treat, every  thing  is  again  submitted 
to  the  reign  of  order.  Such  festi- 
vals, without  diminishing  respect^ 
certainly  tend  to  excite  in  the  sdl- 
•diery  and  people  an  interest  and  at- 
tachment to  the  royal  family." 

His  cold  commend ition  of  the 
Swedish  ladies  is  highly  character- 
istic of  hfs  nation. 

'^  The  ladies  of  Sweden  are,  gene- 
rally speaking,  very  handsome^  their 
countenances  bear  the  characteristic 
of  northern  physiognomy,  which  is 
an  expression  of  the  most  perfect 
tranquillity  and  composure  of  mind, 
indicating  nothing  of  that  passion 
and  fire  which,  to  every  discerning 
observer,  is  visible  in  the  features  of 
the  French  and  Italian  ladies.  As 
there  is  but  little  gallantry  or  atten- 
tion shown  them  by  men,  and  as 
they  pass  great  part  of  their  time 
cither  alone  or  amongst  themselves, 
their  conversation,  though  they  are 
well  educated,  possesses  but  a  small 
share  either  of  variety  or  interest ; 
and  of  that  happy  art  of  supporting 
conversation  with  vivacity,  which  so 
eminently  distinguishes  our  Italian 
ladies,  they  are  wholly  destitute. 
The  principal  object  that  employs 
their  time  and  attention  is  dresa  i  and 


this  anxiety  is  rather  the  effect  of  an 
ambition  to  outshine  their  rivals  in 
elegance  and  splendour,  than  the  re- 
suit  of  an  eagerness  to  please  the 
men,  and  to  make  conquests.  They 
are  not,  however,  free  from  the  im- 
putation of  coquetry,  because  they. 
are  certainly  fond  of  admiration  and 
praise :  ^hey  would  like  to  see  every 
man  at  their  feet,  and  would  wish  to 
be  called  the  belles  of  the  north  | 
but  their  predominant  passion  is  a 
desire  of  public  notice  and  distinc- 
tion. There  is  not  an  individual  for 
whom  they  feel,  in  their  heart,  such  . 
strong  and  violent  sentiments  of 
friendship,  tenderness,  and  Iovc„  as 
are  found  in  those  who  live  in  warm-  . 
er  climates.** 

His  account  of  a  Swedish  dinner 
party  is  equally  correct  and  amusing. 

*'  The  Swedish  dinner  parties  arc 
expensive  arrangements  of  show  a^d  . 
formality.  It  will  often  happen  that 
out  of  forty  or  fifty  people^  who 
appear  in  consequence  of  an  invita- 
tion sent  with  all  possible  cereniODTy 
and  perhaps  'a  week  or  a  fortnijrat 
before  the  appointed  dayj^  scarccfr 
three  or  four  know  one  anothp'sn^*  . 
ficiently  to  make  the  meeting  agit6* 
able.  A  foreigner  may  stiO  fare 
worsen  and  have  the  misfortune  of 
being  seated  near  a  person  totally  iib<> 
acquainted  wich  any  language  ^but  • 
his  own.  Before  the  company  sit 
down  to  table,  they  first  pay  their 
respects  to  a  side  table^  laden  witK. 
bread,  butter,  cheese,  pickled  sal- 
mon, and  liqueur,  or  brandy  |  a&d 
by  the  tasting  of  these,  previous  to 
their  re}>ast,  endeavour  to  g^ve  an 
edge  to  their  appetite,  and  to  stimu-^ 
late  the  stomach  to  perform  its  oF> 
fice.  After  this  prelude  the  suests 
arrange  themselves  about  the  dion^ 
table,,  where  every  one  finds  at  Jiit 
place  three  kinds  of  breads  a  flat 

coant 


ACCOUNT  OF  BOOKS. 


879 


coarse  rye  bread,  white  bread,  and 
brown  bread*    The  first  sort  of  bread 
is  what  the  peasants  eat,  it  is  crisp 
and  dry  ;  the  second  sort  is  common 
btcad :    but   the  brown,   l^st   men- 
tioned,   has    a   sweet  taste,    being 
made  with  the  water  with  which  the 
vessels  in  the  sugar-houots  are  wash- 
ed, and  it  is  tbc  nastiest  tlving  pos- 
sible.     All   the  dishes  are   at  once 
placed  upon  ihe  table,  but  no  one  is 
allowed  to  ask  for  what  he  likes  best, 
the  dishes  bting   handed   round   in 
regular  succession;  and  an  English- 
man  has  often  occasion  for  all  his 
patience,  till  the   one  is  put  in  mo- 
tion on  uliich  he  has  fixed  his  choice. 
The   Swedes  are   more   knowing  in 
this  respect,  and,  like  the  French, 
cat  of  every  thing  that  comes  before 
them.     Although  the  different  dish- 
es do  not  seem  to  harmonize  together, 
yet  such  is  the  force  of  habit,  that 
the  guests  apparently  find  no  incon- 
venience   from    the    most    opposite 
mixtures.    Anchovies,  herrings,  oni- 
ons, eggs,  pastry,  often  meet  toge- 
ther on  the  same  plate,  and  arc  swal- 
lowed promiscuously.     The  sweet  is 
associated   with   the   sour,  mustard 
with  sugar,  confectionaries  with  salt 
meat  or  salt  fish;  in  short,  eatables 
are  intermingled   with  a  poetical  li- 
cence, that  sets  the  precept  of  Ho- 
race at  defiance: 

Sed  non  ut  placidis  coeant  immitia. 

An  Italian  is  not  very  much  at  a  loss 
at  these  feasts,  but  an  Englishman 
finds  himself  quite  uncomfortable, 
and  out  of  his  element ;  he  sees  no 
wine  drank  either  with  the  ladies  or 
the  gentlemen  during  dinner,  but 
must  take  it  himself  in  a  solitary 
manner;  he  is  often  obliged  to  wait 
for  hours  before  he  can  help  hi  f 
to  v;hat  he  prefers  to  eat ;  anc 
the  meat  arrives,  hc  gene 


it  not  dressed  plain  enough,  but  dist* 
greeable,  from  the  quantity  of  spicei 
with  which  it  is  seasoned.     After 
dinner  the  ladies  do  not  leave  him  to^ 
his  bottle,  he  is  expected  to  adjourn 
immediately  with  them  to  the  draw-' 
ing-room,  where  the  company,  after 
thanking  the  master  and  mistress* of 
the  house  with  a  polite,  or  rather 
ceremonious,    bow  foi:   their   good 
cheer,  are  regaled  with  tea  and  cof- 
fee.    I  have  not  entered  into  a  cir- 
cumstantial description  of  these  long 
dinners,  but  only  given  the  general 
outline,  that  I  might  not  inflict  up- 
on my  readers  that  ennui  which  I 
confess  I  have  myself  sometrmes  ex- 
perienced amongst  the  number  of  the 
guests.     In  the  interval  between  din- 
ner and   supper,    which,    however^ 
from  the  many  hours  that  are  thought 
necessary  for  the  acts  of  eating  aiid 
drinking,  is  not  long,  there  is  no 
amusement  whatsoever  but  playing  at 
cards.     If  you  cannot  join  in  this  ra- 
tional recreation,  you  are  abandoned 
to  your  fate,  and  may  sit  in  some 
corner  of   the  room,    indulging  in 
mediation,  on  whatever  subject  you 
please." 

After  entering  at  considerable 
length  into  a  description  of  the  uni- 
versities, and  other  learned  societies 
in  Sweden,  together  with  the  atate 
of  the  arts  and  sciences  in  general  in 
that  country,  which  would  occupy 
too  great  a  space  to  be  inserted  in 
review!,  but  which  we  deem  well 
a  CI  vii  the  perusal  of  the  reader, 
Mr.  s  use  of  th?  following' 


expre 


tnat 


I 


1     Id, 
been 


u 


m 


880        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802; 


Struggling  with  equal  disadvantages 
of  soil  and  climate^  and  labouring 
undtr  the  discouragement  of  inter- 
nal convulsions  and  external  aggres* 
•ions^  from  proud^  powerful,  and 
overbearing  neighbours.  Their  cona- 
roerce,  all  things  considered,  and 
their  manufactures,  are  in  a  fiourifrh- 
ing  state.  The  spirit  of  the  people* 
vndcr  various  changes  unfavourable 
to  liberty,  rcfAiains  unbroken.  The 
government  ih  stiU  obliged^  in  some 
degree,  to  respect  the  public  opinion. 
There  is  much  regard  paid  to  the 
natural  claims  of  individuals ;  justice 
18  tempi  rtd  with  mercy,  and  great 
attention  is  shown  in  their  hospitals, 
and  other  institutions,  to  the  situa- 
tion v.f  the  poor  and  helpless.  From 
the  iiiilucnce  of  the  court  among  a 
quick,  lively,  and  .ictivc  race  of  men, 
private  intrigue  and  cdbal  have,  to  a 
great  degree,  crept  ii^to  every  depart- 
ment of  society  -,  and  this  is  what  I 
find  the  greatest  hubject  of  blame, 
or  of  regret,  in  speaking  of  that 
country.  The  resources  of  a  state 
are  chiefly  three :  population,  reve- 
nue, and  territory.  The  two  first 
are  not  considerable  in  Sweden  ;  the 
last  is  in  great  extent,  though  not 
so  in  its  immediate  value :  but  the 
"vast  extent  of  tcnitory  itself  is  an 
obje^  of  importance.  Land  and 
seas,  however  sterile  and  rude,  con- 
stantly become  more  fertile  and  use- 
ful as  the  course  of  science  and  art 
advances.  As  the  French  say,  tout 
jours  va  la  terre  au  Ion,  art  subdues 
natural  difliculties  and  disadvantages, 
and  finds  new  uses  for  materials  of 
every  description;  and  finally,  it  may 
be  justly  obsci*ved,  that  in  the  very 
rudeness  of  ihe  natural  elements, 
and  in  their  poverty,  the  Swedes  have 
a  pledge  and  security  for  civil  free- 
dom and  political  independence." 
Our  author  takes  lus  departure 


from  Stockholm  the  i6th  Marck 
1779,  ^^  prosecute  his  travels  in 
Finland  and  Lapland,  tke  face  of 
the  country  being  covered  with  snov 
and  ice.  The  account  of  his  pos^ 
«age  over  the  gulph  of  Bothnia  b 
highly  curious  and  interesting. 

"  When  a  traveller  is  going  to 
cross  over  the  gulf  on  the  ice  to 
Finland,  the  peasants  always  oblige 
him  to  engage  double  the  number 
of  horses,  to  what  he  had  uponkis 
arriving  at  Grislehamn.  We  were 
forced  to  take  no  less  than  eight 
sledges,  being  three  in  company*  and 
two  servants.  This  appears  at  first 
sighTVjt,  be  an  imposition  on  the  pait 
of  the  peasants  ;  but  we  found»  by 
experience,  that  it  was  a  necessary 
precaution.  The  distance  across  is 
forty-three  Engb'sh  miles,  thirty  of 
which  you  travel  on  the  ice,  without 
touching  on  laad«  This  passage  ofcr 
the  frozen  sea  is,  doubtless,  the  mott 
singular  and  striking  spectacle  that- 
a  traveller  from  the  south  can 
behold.  I  laid  my  account  with 
having  a  journey  more  dull  and 
unvaried  than  surprising  and  dan- 
gerous. I  expected  to  travel  forty- 
three  miles,  without  sight  of  lan4, 
over  a  vast  and  uniform  plaioi  and 
that  every  successive  mile  would  be 
in  exact  unison  and  monotonous  cor- 
respondence with  those  1  had  already 
travelled  ;  but  my  astonishment  was 
greatly  increased  in  proportion  as  we 
advanced  from  our  starting  post« 
The  sea,  at  first  smooth  and  even, 
became  more  and  more  rugged  and 
unequal.  It  assumed,  as  we  pro* 
ceeded,  an  undulating  appearance,  re*p 
sembling  the  Waves  by  which  K  had 
been  agitated.  At  length  we  met 
with  masses  of  ice  heaped  one  upon 
the  other,  and  some  of  them  seeming 
as  if  they  were  suspended  in  air, 
while  others  were  raised  in  the  form 

of 


oF  pyramids 
e<()iibite(l  a 

surprised  thi 
iit  appcaran 
chaos  of  ic; 
vnder  every 
bellished  by 

"  Amidst 
without  mu 
that  our  hot: 
to  dnd  and 
was  necessa 
windings,  a 
in  a  contra 
that  of  a  fr 
avoid  a  colle 
that  lay  befi 

evenest  path; 

moment  ovei 
the  left  i  am 
one  or  other 

perpendicula 
a  signal  for 
hall.    The 

ther  increase 
cumstances. 
wild  and  fur 
and  smell  o\ 
nufa£\ured  o 
wolves  or  be 

belonging  to 
it,  frighted 
they  support 
rolling  on  t!i 
full  gallop, 
bath  p:isscn) 
peasant,  ap[ 
h(3rse  in  th< 
kept  firm  h 
suffered  the  ' 
through  ma 
the  sharp  p< 
him  in  jnecei 
Vol,  XL: 


882        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1802. 


creature.     Those  vast  solitudes  pre- 
sent a  desert  abandoned  as  it  were 
by  ndture.     The  dead  silence  that 
rei<Tns,    is  interrupted  only  by  the 
vhisth'ng  of  the  winds  against  the 
prominent  points  of  ice,  and  some- 
times by  the  loud  crackings  occasion- 
ed by   I  heir  being  irresistibly  torn 
from  this  frozen  expanse :    pieces^ 
thus  forcibly  broken  off,    are   fre- 
quently  blown    to   a    considerable 
distance.     Through  the  rents  pro- 
duced by  these  ruptures  you  may 
Kee  beloSv  the  watery  abyss^  and  it 
is  sometimes  necessary  to  lay  planks 
across  tlicm,  by  way  of  bridgesy  for 
the  sledges  to  pass  over.     The  only 
animals  that  inhabit  those  deserts, 
and  find  them  an  agreeable  abode, 
are  sea-calves  or  seals.     In  the  ca- 
vities of  the  ice  they  deposit   the 
fruits  of  their  love,  and  teach  their 
young  ones  betimes  to  brave  all  the 
rigours  or  the  rudest  season.     Their 
mothers  lay  them  down,  all  naked  as 
they  are  brought  forth,  on  the  ice  j 
and  their  fathers  take  care   to  have 
au  open  hole  in  the  ice  near  them, 
for  a  speedy  communication  with 
tiie  water.     Into  these  they  plunge 
with  their  young,  the  moment  they 
see  a  hunter  approach  ;  or  at  other 
limes  they  descend  into  them  spon- 
taneoublv  in  fearch  of  fifhes  for  sus- 
tenance  to  themselves  and  their  off- 
spring.    The  manner  in  whicn  those 
male  seals  make   those  holes  in  the 
ice  is  astonisliiug ;  neither  their  teeth 
nor   their  paws    have  any  (hare  in 
this  operation  ;  but  it  is  performed 
solely   by  their  brcith.     They  are 
often  hunted  by  the  peasants  of  the 
isles.     When  the  islanders  discover 
oiie  of  those  animals,  they  take  post, 
\;'x\i  guns  and  staves,  at  some  dis- 
.    ^ce   from   him,  behind  a  mass  of 
1  '.%  ^and  wait  till  the  seal  comes  up 
.  .ra  the  water,  for  the  put  pose  of 


taking  in  his  quantum  of  air.  It 
sometimes  happens,  when  the  frost 
is  extremely  keen,  that  the  hole  ip 
frozen  up  almost  immediately  after 
the  seal  makes  hit  appearance  in  the 
atmosphere ;  in  which  case  the  pea- 
sants fall  on  him  with  their  sticks^ 
before  he  has  time  with  his  breath 
to  make  a  new  aperture.  In  suc^ 
extremities  the  animal  displays  an 
incredible  degree  of  courage.,  Wit^i 
his  formidable  teeth  he  bites  the 
club  with  which  he  is  assulted,  and 
even  attempts  to  attack  the  persona 
who  strike  him ;  but  the  utmost  ef- 
forts and  resistance  of  these  crea- 
tures are  not  much  dreaded,  on  ac- 
count of  the  slowness  of  their  mo- 
tions, and  the  inaptitude  of  their 
members  to  a  solid  element. 

'^  After  considerable  fetiguet  and 
many  adventures^  having  refreflied 
our  horses  about  half  way  on  the 
high  sea,  we  at  length  touched  at 
the  small  island  of  Signilskar.  This 
island  presents  to  the  view  neither 
wood  nor  lawn,  and  is  inhabited 
only  by  some  peasants,  and  the  of- 
ficer of  the  telegraph  which  is 
stationed  here  for  keeping  up  a  cor- 
respondence with  tnat  of  Griflo- 
hamn.  It  is  one  of  those  litt]jp 
islands,  scattered  in  this  part  of  the 
gulf,  which  collectively  bear  the 
name  of  Aland.  The  distance  from 
Grislehamn  to  Signilskar,ina  straight 
line,  is  five  Swedifh  miles,  which  ar^ 
nearly  equal  to  thirty-five  Englifh  | 
but  the  turnings  wc  were  obliged 
to  make,  in  order  to  find  out  thf 
most  practicable  places^;  could  not 
be  less  than  ten  Englifh  miles  rnqrcit  . 
All  this  while  we  were  kept  in  anxi- 
ous suspense  concerning  the  fate  of 
our  fugitive  horse,  and  entertained 
the  most  uneasy  apprehensions  tha( 
he  was  either  lost  in  the  immensity 
of  the  icy  dcsext,  or  buried  perfaaft 

in 


ACCOUNT  OF  BOOKS. 


^83 


In  the  watery  abyss.  We  were  pre- 
paring to  continue  our  journey 
through  the  isles  on  the  ice,  and  had 
already  put  new  horses  to  our  sledge, 
when  wc  spied,  with  inexpressible 
pleasure,  the  two  sledges  returning 
with  the  fugitive.  The  animal  was 
in  the  most  deplorable  condition 
imaginable :  his  body  was  covered 
all  over  with  sweat  and  foam,  and 
was  enveloped  in  a  cloud  of  smoke. 
Still  we  did  not  dare  to  come  near 
him  ;  the  excessive  fatigue  of  his 
violent  course  had  not  abated  his 
ferocity  ;  he  was  as  much  alarmed 
at  the  sight  of  our  pelices  as  before; 
he  snorted,  bounded,  and  beat  the 
snow  and  ice  with  his  fectj  nor 
could  the  utmost  exertions  of  the 
peasants  to  hold  him  fast  have  pre- 
vented him  from  once  more  making 
his  escape,  if  we  had  not  retired  to 
some  distance,  and  removed  the 
sight  and  the  scent  of  our  pelices. 
From  Signilskar  we  pursued  our 
journey  through  the  whole  of 
the  isles  of  Aland.  In  different 
parts  of  Aland  you  meet  with 
post-houses,  that  is  to  say,  with 
places  where  you  may  get  horses. 
Y#u  travel  partly  by  land,  and  partly 
over  the  ice  of  the  sea.  The  distance 
between  some  of  these  islands 
amounts  to  no  less  than  eight  or 
ten  miles.  On  the  sea,  the  natives 
have  used  the  precaution  of  fixing 
branches  of  trees,  or  putting  small 
pines  along  the  whole  route,  for  the 
guidance  of  travellers  in  the  night 
time,  or  dircding  them  how  to  find 
out  the  right  way  after  the  falls  of 
snow.*' 

Speaking  of  the  peasants  of  Fin- 
land, he  gives  the  following  deacrip* 
tion  of  their  manners : 

"  The  houses  of  the  peasants  arc 
well  buiJt,  and  the  stranger  fmds 
every  where  lodging  and  bed*  ;  and 


he  may  be  tolerably  accommodated, 
if  he  have  the  precaution  to  carry 
some  conveniences  along  with  him. 
You  are  received  with  great  hospi- 
tality; the  pe;isant  furnishes  you 
with  whatever  he  has  got  to  eat» 
though,  in  general,  he  can  only  of- 
fer you  fresh  and  curdled  milk,  salt 
herrings,  and  perhaps;  as  before 
mentioned,  a  little  fait  meat.  In 
comparison  with  those  who  trave( 
among  them,  they  are  poor,  but  la 
relation  to  themselves  they  arc  rich, 
since  they  are  supplied  with  every 
thing  that  conftitutes,  in  their  opi- 
nion, good  living.  If  they  have 
more  money  than  they  have  immc^ 
diatc  use  for,  they  lay  it  up  for  some 
unforeseen  emergency,  or  convert  it 
into  a  vase,  or  some  other  domes-, 
tic  utensil.  You  must  not  be  sur* 
prised  in  Finland,  if  in  a  small 
wooden  house,  where  you  can  get 
nothing  but  herrings  and  milk,  they 
should  bring  you  water  in  a  silver 
vessel  of  the  value  of  fifty  or  sixty 
rix  dollars.  The  women  are  warmly 
clad ;  above  their  clothes  they  wear 
a  linen  fhift,  which  |;ives  them  the 
air  of  being  iu  a  sort  of  undress,  and 
produces  au  odd,  though  nut  disa- 

frceable  fancy.  The  inside  of  the 
ouse  is  always  warm,  and  indeed 
too  much  so  for  one  who  comes  out 
of  the  external  air,  and  is  not  accus- 
tomed to  that  temperature.  The 
peasants  remain  in  the  house  con- 
ilantly  in  their  fhirt-slceves,  without 
a  coat,  and  with  but  a  single  waist- 
coat ;  they  frequently  go  abroad  iu 
the  same  dress,  without  dread  cither 
of  rheumatism  or  fever.  We  shall 
see  the  reason  of  this  when  we  come 
to  speak  of  their  baths.  The  Fin- 
landers,  who  accompany  travellers 
behind  their  sledges,  are  generally 
dressed  in  a  kind  of  short  coat  made 
of  calf*b-ckiQ,  or  in  awopllen  shirt, 
^  L  z  fafttcned 


884      A  N  N  If  A  L    REGISTER,     1802. 


fastened  round  the  middle  with  a 
girdle.  They  pull  over  their  boots 
coarse  woollen  (lockings,  which  have 
the  double  advantage  of  keeping 
them  warm,  and  preventing  them 
from  flipping  on  the  ice. 

**The  interior  of  the  peafant'shousc 
presents  a  picture  of  considerable 
intereft.  The  women  are  occupied 
in  teasing  or  spinning  wool  for  their 
clothing,  the  men  in  cutting  fag- 
gots, making  nets,  and  mending 
Or  construcing  their  sledges. 

'*  We  met  at  Mamola  with  a  blind 
old  man,  having  his  fiddle  under 
his  arm,  surrounded  by  a  crowd  of 
boys  and  girls.  There  was  some- 
thing respectable  in  his  appearance ; 
his  forehead  was  bald,  a  long  beard 
descended  from  his  chin,  white  as 
snow,  and  covered  his  breast.  He 
had  the  look  of  those  bards  who 
are  described  with  so  much  enthu- 
siasm in  the  history  of  the  north, 
not  one  of  whom  probably  was 
equal  to  this  poor  man  in  science  or 
intelligence.  His  audience  were  not 
gathered  round  him  for  nothing;  he 
tang  verses^and  related  to  them  talcs 
and  anecdotes  5  but  our  presence 
broke  in  upon  the  silence  and  tran- 
quillity of  the  assembly  5  every  body 
withdrew;  children  are  children  in  all 
countries.  The  sight  of  strangers 
was  such  a  novelty,  that,  forgetting 
the  bard,  they  began  to  mock  our 
figure,  and  to  laugh  in  our  faces, 
while  the  poor  mendicant  finished 
by  asking  us,  in  bad  Swedish,  for 
some  halfpence  or  skillings  in 
charity,*' 

He  then  proceeds  to  relate  some 
whimsical  anecdotes  of  Linnaeus, 
with  which  we  were  unacquaint- 
ed. 

"  I  saw  at  the  house  of  the  pre- 
sident a  very  intelligent  and  conver- 
sable clergyman.      We  had   much 

3 


conversation    concerning    the  Kn* 
landers,  especially  on  the  subject  of 
their   poetry,  and  he  mentioned  a 
variety    of    intercfling    particulars. 
Speakiag  of  Linnseus,  with  whom 
he  had  been  well  acquainted  at  Up« 
sala,  he  had  much   to  say  on  the 
charadler  of  the  Swedish  naturalist, 
and  dwelt  particularly   on   the  ex** 
treme  vanity  which  that  great  man 
seems  to  have  carried  to  the  most 
disgusting  length.    He  related  to  me 
some  anecdotes  which  gave  strong 
indications  of   that  weakness.     A 
lady  of  the  province  of  Upsala^  who 
had  never  been  beyond  its  bounda- 
ries, applied  to  a  friend  of  Linnseus 
for  a  letter  of  recommendation,  that 
she  might  have  an  opportunity  of 
making  the    acquaintance  of    this 
eminent  character,  and,  at  the  same 
time,  see  his  collection.    The  philo- 
sopher received  her  with  much  po- 
liteness, and  as  he  was  showing  her 
the  museum,  the  good  lady  was  so 
/illed  with  astonishment  at  the  sight 
of  an  assemblage  of  such  a  namber 
of  different  objedis,   upon  each  of 
which  Linnseus  had  always  iOme> 
thing  to  remark,  that  she  exclaimed 
with  a  sigh,  I  no  longer  wonder  that 
Linnaus  is  so  well  known  ovet  the 
vjhole  province  of  Vpsala  I  Linnaeus 
who,  instead  of  the  province  of  Up* 
sahi  expedled  to  hear  the  tvhoh  wti^ 
verfe,  was  so  shocked,  that  he  would 
show  her  nothing  more  of  the  mu- 
seum, and  sent  the  lady  away  (}uite 
confounded  at  the  change  of  his  hu- 
mour, and  at  the  same  time  firmly 
beHeving  that  her  high  encomium 
had    wounded  the  feelings  of  the 
great  philosopher.     One  day,  being 
in  a  melancholy  temper,  he  gave 
orders  that  no  person  should  be  ad- 
mitted to  him,  and  placed  himself, 
in  his  bed-gown  and  iuglLt*cap>  sad 
and  pensive,  upon  his  S^b    An  ofi- 

ficcr 


office 


cUrg 


bast 
of  b 


886 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1802. 


them,  we  found  that  they  had  be- 
smeared their  faces  with  tar,  and  co- 
vered their  heads  and  shoulders  with 
a  cloth  to  protect  themselves  from 
the  niusquitoes.  One  of  them  was 
smoking  tobacco,  and  the  other  was 
securing  the  fish  they  had  taken 
from^  the  depredations  of  the  insects. 
Their  meagre  and  squalid  looks  dis- 
covered evident  signs  of  wretched- 
ness. They  were  covered  from  head 
to  foot  by  swarms  of  musquitoes, 
from  whose  stings  theii  clothing 
scarcely  shielded  them.  They  were 
melting  with  heat ;  yet  they  durft 
not  throw  off  their  covering,  much 
less  remove  from  before  the  fire. 
Our  arrival  added  millions  of  these 
flies  to  the  myriads  already  there, 
as  their  numbers  were  continually 
increasing  in  our  passage  thither. 
It  was  impossible  to  stand  a  moment 
'still ;  every  instant  we  were  forced 
to  thrust  our  heads  into  the  midst 
of  the  smoke,  or  to  leap  over  the 
flame,  to  rid  ourselves  of  our  cruel 
persecutors. 

"  We  drew  our  boat  ashore  ;  and 
walked  about  a  mile  into  the  coun- 
try, to  viait  the  families  of  these 
two  Lapland  fishers,  who  had  fixed 
iheir  constant  habitation  there.  We 
found  fires  every  where  kept  up  : 
the  pigs  had  their  fire,  the  cows 
had  theirs  3  there  was  one  in  the 
inside  of  the  house,  and  another 
without,  close  to  the  door.  The 
]/dpland  houses  are  not  so  large  as 
those  of  the  Finlanders.  The  door- 
way of  one  we  saw  here  was  only 
four  feet  high,  so  that  we  found  it 
necessary  to  stoop  as  we  entered. 
AVe  had  left  our  tent  behind  us, 
supposing  we  should  find  accommo- 
daticni  to  pass  the  night  with  the 
Laplanders,  and  that  it  would  at 
least  be    equally  good   as  that  we 


had  met  with  amongst    the   Fin* 
landers;    but    we   found  ourselves 
disappointed :    however,    we  were 
forced  to  put  up  with  what  conve- 
nience the  people  could  offer  us; 
and  therefore,  when  it  was  time  to 
retire  to  reft,  we  were  accommo- 
dated with  rein-deer  skins,  laid  over 
small  birchen  twigs  and  leaves, which 
were  spread  on   the   ground,  in  a 
small  apartment  filled  with  smoke. 
We  groped  our  way  into  our  bed» 
chamber^  because  the  smoke  bin-, 
dered  us  from    seeing    any  light. 
Some  time  after  we  had  laid  oar* 
selves   down    to   sleep,   I  heard  a 
breathing,  which  teemed  to  proceed 
from  a  comer   of  the  room,  and 
which  we  were  unable  to  account 
for,  as  we  supposed  ourselves   the 
only  living  creatures  in  this  place. 
I  imagined  it  was  a  dog  or  some 
other  animal^  which  had  taken  his 
night's  lodging  there.'    Presently  1 
beard  a  loud  sigh^  which  seemed 
rather  to  be  uttered  by  a  human 
being  than  the  animal  I  judged  to 
be  our  fellow-lodger.    'I  raiKd  mj 
head  up  gently  to  try  if  I  could 
discover  any  thing.     Some  cracks 
in  the  side  of  the   walls,  and  a  few 
openings  in  the  roof,  afforded  a  fiunt 
light,  and  in  order  to  ascertain  the 
cause  of  our  alarm,  I  crept  forward 
on  my  hands  and  knees.  As  the  dis- 
tance was  but  short,  I  soon  reached 
the  spot,  from  whence  the  sounds 
came,    and  I   found   two   children 
naked,  and   lying  upon  deer-skins. 
The  children  were  suddenly  awak- 
ed, and  seeing  me  approach  them 
in   the   posture    described,   fancied 
themselves   in  danger  of  an  attack 
from  some  wild  beast,  and  ran  out 
of  the  room,  crying  to  their  mother 
for  help," 
Qur  author  gives  an  account,  not 

a  very 


d  vrry  p lending 
guides,  to  wht 
hi;  companion: 
selves,  on  parti 
ere,  of  whom 
terms. 

"  We  soon  r 
the  rivulet,  on 
tlie  rendezvous 
ascended  it  thrc 
and  were  impHt 
landers,  lest  th 

waiting  for  us,  t 
no  high  opinioi 
tlence  or  their 
length  we  arriV 
The  party  wns  ( 
and  a  young  gi 
seated  under  a 
branches  of  whi 
tile  provisions  fc 
consisted  of  dry 
the  ground  in  di 


]>urpose,  was  h( 

Irnm  die  tree  i 
The  girl  was  tli 
us,  and  pointc< 
who  seemed  tu 
their  cooking,  s 
walked  up  to  t 
the  least  noticei 
men  Were  clotiie 
frock,  made  of 
deer,  with  aco' 
«d  beliind.  Tl] 
their  waists,  v 
dress  close  to  tl> 
it  into  die  fori 
they  put  whatei 
tocarry  about  Ih 
taloons  on,  like 
ikcrtkin,  with 
qf  which  wcrt 
with  dry  grass, 
taloons  and  boo 


868         ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1809. 


onisca^  and  brought  us  safely  so  far 
^  on  our  journey.     We  had  conceived 
a  great  regard  for  these  worthy  men, 
and  we  perceived,  on  parting  with 
tbem>  a  tear  of  affection  stealing 
down  their  cheeks,  which  demanded 
a  similar  acknowledgment.     They 
took  leave  of  us,    returning  their 
thanks,  and  taking  us  by  the  hand  -, 
and  so  strongly  did  we  feel  in  our 
own  hearts  the  like  cordiality  of  sen- 
timent,  tliat  we  could  not  refuse 
them  such  a  token  of  ^miliarity  and 
regard.    The  Laplanders,  notwith- 
standing the  natural  phlegm  of  their 
temper,  did  not  remain  inattentive 
observers  of  the  scene  that  was  pass- 
ing before  tiiem,  and  could  not  but 
dtrlve  firom  it  a  favourable  opinion 
of  us,  and  even  find  their  zeal  ex- 
cited to  some  exertion  for  our  service, 
if  it  be  possible  to  excite  the  least 
fentiment  in  minds  so  torpid  as  theirs. 
We  were  not,  however,  displeased 
that  they  were  witnesses  of  the  sa- 
tisfaction we  had  given  our  Fmland- 
crs,  and  the  regret  they  expressed  on 
parting  with  us  3  and  we  hoped  tins 
example  would  inspire  them  with  re- 
spect for  us,  and  a  desire  to  use  all 
tne  activity  necessary  to  accomplish 
the  object  for  which  we  had  engaged 
them.      After  our   Finlanders  had 
taken  their  leave,  and  were  dq)arted, 
we  found  ourselves,  as  it  were,  cut 
oft'  from  all  communication  with  xl\e 
rest  of  the  world  j  the  completion  of 
our  enterprise,  nay,  our  very  exist- 
ence, were  at  once  in  the  hands  of 
tliese  Laplanders.     If  the  continua- 
tion of  our  journey  appeared  to  be 
impracticable,  and  they  should  for- 
sake us,  there  was  nr  means  of  re- 
turn left  to  the  little  island,  and  the 
fishermen  of  Kantasari  j  for  we  had 
no  longer  a  boat  to  convey  us  ;u  ross 
the  lake   to  that  charming   n  I  real 
which  we  had  so  lately  (Ruined,  and 


with  so  mach  regret.    But  to  quiet 
our  apprehensions,   we   considered 
that  these   Laplanders  were   not  a 
cruel  people ;  and  although  they  were 
seven  in  number,  with  the  girl,  w© 
considered  ourselves  as  a  match  for 
them,  notwitlistanding  we  only  mus- 
tered four  all  together,  that  is  to  say, 
the  interpreter,  a  servant,   colonel 
Skioldebrand,  and  myself.   The  rea- 
son why  they  came  so  aaany  in  num- 
ber as  seven,  was  in  order  to  trans- 
port our  baggage ;  because,  as  they 
informed  us,  the  rein-deer  were  at 
this  season  particularly  untractable 
and  dangerous,  on  account  of  the 
prodigious  swarms  of  musquitoes, 
which  torment  them  to  a  degree  of 
madness  j  so  that  perhaps  they  might 
run  from  us,  and  be  lost  altogether, 
with  our  provisions  and  baggage,  a 
cu'cumstance  which  would  leave  us 
in  a  very  unpleasant  situation.     We 
left  it  to  tliem  to  divide  our  baggage 
into  seven  parcels,  one  for  each,  in- 
cluding the  girl,  who  was  to  be  made 
to  carry  her  proportion.     We  re- 
marked a  degree  of  equity,  in  the 
distribution  of  the  burdens,  which 
impressed  us  with  no  unfavourable 
idea  of  the  cliaracter  of  these  peo- 
ple ;  we  observed  that  they  gave  the 
lightest  packets  to  such  as  appeared 
unequal  to  a  heavier  load.   To  excite 
in  tliem  an  attention  to  justice,  and 
to  each  otlier,  we  gave  each  of  them 
a  glass  of  brandy  when  tliey  set  about 
making  die  division,  promising  them 
another  when  it  was  made.     On  be- 
ginning tlie  march  thfy  asked  for  a 
tliird ;  and  though  wo   feared  this 
tliird  gliiss  would  uitoxitate  them, 
}et  wc  durst  not  displease  tlieni  by 
a  refusal.     In  order  to  induce  us  to 
comply  the  mon^  readily  with  their 
request,    as  10  a  tliird  glabs,    tliey 
quoti'd   a  Lapland   provrrb  as  their 
aulliurity  for  ii,  \\  hieh  ^yy-J,  **  before 

a  journey 


ACCOUNT  OF  BCK^S. 


iijoum<7  take  a  g 
pake;  at  setting o 


following  one  by 
This  was  the  firsl 
whole  journey,  tl' 

deifully  delighted 
appearance  which 
We  kept  in  the 
march,  in  order 
that  no  part  of 
dropped  or  Io9t, 
observe  the  cond 
went  befoie.  Tl 
ill  reviewing  ihis 
Hroyed  by  the 
which  these  6ltl 
behind  them,  v/t 


equal  to  the, tank, 

der  would  not  th 
riisal  of  «o  ill-aa 


shrubs  we  rnet  v 
ford^-d  us  little  . 
were  almost  stiff 
and  to  add  to  our 
under  the  necessil 
of  (hick  woollen 
from  the  i.isecls, 
faces  with  a  veil, 
measure  pre  vent  e< 
This  extraordina 
6oon  optrated  m( 
our  Laplanders, 
swallowed  three 
each.     They   Ui 

were  calling  out 
inoie  brandjr.     A 


S90 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1802. 


and  the  only  convepnce  that  could 
joaeibly  be  procured  for  the  purpose. 
Two  Laplanders  rowed,  and  two 
more  scooped  out  the  water,  which 
flowed  in  at  several  leaks  as  fast  as 
they  could  throw  it  out ;  and  had 
they  ceased  baling,  the  boats  would 
kave  filled  in  a  short  space  of  time, 
and  we  should  all  have  gone  to  the 
bottom.  Yet,  notwithstanding  that 
we  were  all  placed  in  this  pcnlous 
titration,  we  observed,  not  without 
great  indignation,  that  our  Lapland 
irower»  plied  their  oars,  and  pulled 
m  leisurely,  and  with  as  much  phleg- 
matic calmness,  as  if  there  had  not 
lieen  the  least  occasion  for  their  ex- 
ertion.** 

At  length,  after  encountering 
many  perils  and  diihculties,  which 
lie  seems  to  have  surmounted  with 
equal  presence  of  mind  and  perse- 
verance, Mr.  Acerbi  arrived  at  the 
great  object  of  his  pains  and  re- 
search, tne  North  Cape,  which  he 
thus  describes  in  a  strain  of  elo- 
qwence  almost  worthy  of  the  subli- 
mity of  the  awful  scene  which  seems 
so  forcibly  to  have  affected  him,  and 
ivith  which  we  shall  close  our  ac- 
crount  of  this  very  interesting  work, 
satisfied  that,  however  copious  we 
may  have  been  in  our  extracts,  they 
will  well  repay  our  reader  for  his 
trouble  in  perusing  them,  by  the  in- 
formation and  amusement  they  will 
have  afforded  on  subjects  so  little 
known  to  the  Englishman,  or  only 
known  from  the  comparatively  mea- 
gre descriptions  of  Schcc0er,  Rcg- 
nard,  or  Conaett. 

"  The  North  Cape  is  an  enormous 
rock,  which,  projecting  far  into  the 
ocean,  and  being  exposed  to  all  the 
fury  of  the  waves,  and  the  outrage 
of  tempests,  crumbles  every  year 
more  and  more  into  ruins.  Here 
every  thing  is  solitary,  every  thing 

2 


is  steril,  every  thing  sad  and  despon- 
dent. The  shadowy  forest  no  lon« 
gcr  adorns  the  brow  of  the  moun- 
tain ;  the  singing  of  the  birds,  which 
enlivened  even  the  woods  of  Lap- 
land, is  no  longer  heard  in  this  scene 
of  desolation ;  the  ruggedness  of  the 
dark  gray  rock  is  not  covered  by  a 
single  shrub  J  the  only  music  is  the 
hoarse  murmuring  of  the  waves  ever 
and  anon  renewing  their  assaults  on 
the  huge  masses  that  oppose  them. 
The  northern  sun  creeping  at  mid- 
night at  the  distance  of  five  diame- 
ters along  the  horizon,  and  the  im- 
measurable ocean  in  apparent  con- 
tact with  the  skies,  form  the  grand 
outlines  in  the  sublime  picture  pre- 
sented to  the  astonished  spectator. 
The  incessant  cares  and  pursuits  of 
anxious  mortals  are  recollected  as  a 
dream  ;  the  various  forms  and  ener- 
gies of  animated  nature  are  forgot- 
ten i  and  the  earth  is  conten^plated 
only  in  its  elements,  an'd  as  consti- 
tuting a  part  of  the  solar  system.** 

,  I  -  -r  -  1 . — r-n — ^^m-i rr"»-n 

The  Pleasures  of  Hope,  with  other 
Poems,  By  Thos,  CampheU,  Es^, 
7th  edition,  4to.  - 

ON  the  merits  of  the  Pleasures 
of  Hope,  public  opinion  haft 
long  since  decided ;  and,  were  we 
to  enter  into  a  critical  examination 
of  that  work,  we  should  only  ac- 
quiesce in  a  judgment  which  has  as- 
signed to  it  an  exalted  rank  in  the 
scale  of  English  poetry.  Stronger 
marks  of  poetic  genius,  or  a  greater 
variety  of  powers,  have  seldom  bccti 
displayed  in  any  poem.  Indeed* 
considering  this  as  a  first  production 
of  a  youthful  bard,  we  certainly 
know  of  none  in  which  the  features 
of  excellence  are  as  strikingly  com- 
bined. It  is  with  real  satisfaction 
we  announce  to  our  readers,  that  the 

poemg 


author's   fort 


any,  «ave  a 

their  reepeili 

In  tlie"L 

<:haly   feeling 

plating  ihe  ri 

The  becond 
happy 1  and  i 
tcristic  traitB 
thor  is  descri 
bower,  where 
iathers  Btoodi 

Yet  H-anderiii 


All  wild  ill  1 

dlfW 

I'roiu    each  ■ 

For  (hf  iii);hl 

sliuiiou 

Vliprp  (he  ii 


It  was  d 
Gtanza,  to  ii 
pcctat!on,  an 
prcciate  that 
small  credit  I 

have  derived, 
gratification, 
cies  of  poet 
other,  ercclle 
taiued  j  and 


ANNUAL  REGISTER^ 


Battkof 


ffaoci  Id  die  kbit 


Tint  r&s^  ^  T^*^*  ^'^  '^  ^'si'^ 


HigWy 


-    -^  ,  Bess  ^" 

tt(pm  the  seven!    q|^  crestrf  Lodiel  ■  dr 


cscnoc  but    «aclnKv2ei^  tliat  Whcs 
**  Lcchkf  s  Wsntncg^  nKS  saperior 

totkeaalL     Aod  ckidy,  viAk  re^  HcBi«»\€ir  ^ 
ipeci  to  K,  do  ve  gcwaely  fcel  the  ^^a'  ^T'^lf        «■ 

Suci.    It  s  iHC  dang «  j«« ID    F»fte6fi,ik,Birf 

pnne  ct  u  geBtnl  tcnasw    A  pocJB 

of  sorzreaaKrii  has  h^lxr  pretcs- 

rccj,  ^id  kys  ^na  to  tint  adotn- 

tka  wLach  caa  oolf  tcialt  fnm  the 

fklaScd  cspofidoa    of  its 


«.•»    m 


oahr  aatkrpacrag  iLc  ild'awM  of  tbe  «»-^ -_, 

pa^vbai«saT,*lsatt!iebndof  ^^^^^^^ 

Gfar  had  at  kagth,  pcslaps,  feaad  TWrJ^Tl^fcWaf 

a"'^ ^     .  *   aadtfaevbmdi; 

Tbe  mAhm^  of  t&c  feDomnf^  Aad^  JSbt 

pasige,  in  wlucJi  tbe  tijiiI,  taaat"-  va 

CO  kr  Liichiiel  lOf'  diawadiag  bchi  *******  *••« 

lironi  lestmriiig  to  the  fidd  cf  Cal- 

KMxBy  foietcli  BB  oaa^cr*  wfl  ca-         j/hcic  are  taro  fiaes  m  ttc 

aUe  cvcTj  rcadtr  to  jod^  isr  bis-  leplfti^thii 

adf.  vc  a      vcataae  to  wtf 


i- 


-■:| 


i 


-    t^ 


more  poetical  accou 
sight  than  has  beei 
in  prose  or  poetry, 

■Tis  (he  suii-set  of  li 

tical  loTCt 
And  coinini;  events  < 


CONTENTS 


B 


HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


C  H  A  p.    I. 

Meeting  of  the  Imperial  Parliament — at  an  earlier  Period  than  tmutm 
'^His  Majesty's  Speech  from  the  Throne,  announcing  the  Adjud' 
tnenty  hy  Convention,  of  the  Differences  with  the  Nortnem  Powm:i  ff 
Europe^ and  of  the  Preliminaries  of  Peace  being  signed  wiik  F^fomccp 
^c.^^ Addresses  of  Thanks  moved  m  the  lArds  ami  Commons^^-Debalgs^ 
•^Address  carried  in  boik  Houses,  .  •  •  I. 


CHAP.     IT. 

Copies  ofth^  Convention  with  Russia  laid  before  the  House  of  LordS'-''and 
Commotis. — Motion  ly  Mr.  Grey  for  Papers — by  Mr,  IFhitbread  <m  tkm 
second  Article  of  the  Prdiminaries. — Inquiry  by  Lord  Gremnlle  on  the 
Subject  of  Portugal, —  Address  to  the  King  inovedfor  in  the  Lords  on  Um 
Peace.  —  Debate,  —  Speeches  of  Lords  Romney — Liinerick^Spencer  ■ 
Duke  of  Clarence--  Pelhafm—^Grenvtlle^^Chnncelhr — Moira-^^mgigwmve 
— Duke  of  Bciiford^  Fitxwilliam — St.  Vincent — Nelson — The  AktrytM 
of  Buckingfiam'^Caruarvon — Hobart, — Division, — Aildrc6S  carried,     J 


C  H  A  P.  III. 
Address  on  the  Peace  moved  for  in  the  House  of  Commons  by  Sir  Edward 
Hartop — seconded  by  Mr,  Lee.  —  Debate.  -^  Speeches  nf  Lards  L,  Gower-^ 
Hawkesbury — Mr.  T,  Grenwille—  Lords  CastUrcagh — Temple — Mr^. 
Pitt ^ Fox. — Debate  adjourned — resumed  next  Day. — Speeches  (f  Mr^ 
IVyndham — TFilberforce  —  Ellioi  ^  and  Addington. — Consider  attains  om  Ht9 
foregoing  Debates,  .  .  .  •  3P 


CHAP.     IV. 

Thanh  of  both  Houses  of  Parliament  to  Sir  John  H.  Hutchinson,   and  tktt 
General  Officers  and  the  Army  acting  in  Egypt -^  and  to  Lord  KeUiu 

and 


CONTENTS. 

i 

and  ill'*  Admirah  r/nder  nun,  to  the  Xavy. — Debaie  on  the  Rusnan  Com* 
ventiun. — Rtmarki,  •  .  .  .42 


C  H  A  P.    V. 

free  Traae  with  India  — .Sir  UlUiam  Puheneys  Motion  ther«m.~-^Detai€, 
— Speethes  ^fMr.  Adiiingt>m — Johnston — iPdllace — SirF.  Baring — Mr, 
MetccJf—lf^.  Dundas — Tunmei^ — Ijord  Glenbenne,  and  Mr.  R.  Thorn* 
ton. — Sailing  of  the  Brest  Fleet. — Mr  GrenviUes  Otiervations,  ami 
(Question ^  to  Admiuistration  th^eon. — Mr.  Addzngton's  reply. ^^Stale 
Bread  Act  reptaUd. — Hayy  and  Means  f*jr  three  Months. — Arguments 
for  the  ProJui'ition  of  the  IVorhijig  of  the  DiiiUleries. — Bill  lost. — Thirty* 
fix  TcoiLiand  Militia  voted  till  the  Signing  the  Definitive  Treaty^-^ne* 
pealed  Aajourrunenti  to  January  igth,  1802.  .  .  59 


CHAP.  VI. 
Retrospect  to  the  Sitimthm  of  Europe  for  the  three  last  Months  of  1801.— 
Mar.juis  Comwallis  appointed  Amlassador  to  the  French  Reputlie*^smls 
for  Calais. — Reception  there — and  at  Paris. — Rejwings  at  Paris  an  the 
Peace. — Distinguished  Compliments  paid  to  the  Engdsk  Ambassador,''^ 
Quits  Parli — arrives  at  Amiens. — Tardiness  of  the  Negotiation — protahle 
Causes. — Vast  Projects  and  Ambition  ff  Bonaparte.  -^French  Armammt 
$nihfor  the  West  Indies. — Mutiny  at  Ban  try  Bay  suppressed.'~~Eng&sk 
S.juadron  of  Observation  follows  tne  French  Fleet,  •  70 


CHAP.    yii. 

Commencement  of  the  Year  1S02. —  Opposite  Opinions  on  the  General  SitUe 
of  Affairs  at  that  Period. —  Tardiness  of  the  Negotiation  at  Amiens — 
accounted  for. — Projects  of  Bonaparte^ sets  off  for  Lyons  to  meet  the 
Cisalpine  Deputies — conferences  with  them  in  private. — The  CuKOoiXss. 
publicly  submit  the  new  Constitution  of  the  Cisalpine  RepubUc  to  him, 
and  solicit  him  to  accept  the  Presidency. — Constitution  of  the  ItaGam 
Republic. — Bonaparte  return^  to  Paris. — Additional  Acquisitions  ^ 
France  in  t/ie  Month  of  January^ Louisiana — Parma,  tsfc. — Elta,      75 


CHAP.  VIII. 
Remarks  on  the  State  of  France  subse.]uent  to  her  recent  Acqiasitsonsj-'^ 
Her  clandestine  Treaties  with  Spain — Portusal — and  the  Porte,*^ 
Her  bad  Faith  therein. — Return  of  the  First  Cotiyul  to  Paris^greai 
State  assumed  by  him — despotic  Conduct  and  Caprice. — Interference 
with  Switzerland,  Pays  de  laud,  and  the  Falais. — Projects  for  the 
Revival  of  Commerce,  Manufactures,  ojid  the  Arts,  in  Frtmct.  ' 
General  Le  CUrcs  Dispatches. -^Gantkeaumes  Squadron  stnlsfor  &• 


CONTENTS.       J..    -Il/Ai 


CHAP,  xzn, 

Cotuideratioja  m  tht  D^udtite  7         .—J 
OR  tAe  j««fi^  Beadug  tf  the  Am     i  ,      — ri 
OK  BuU-Btttting. — Jlfr.  Cvmii^'A         •»  <m 
mdad~-tkbate  thereon.— -Bilt  Jar   i  licj 

in  £y  5(r  Wiilimn  Scolt — Debate  m  tnt  n 
Comntotu—and  m  the  Lordj.  JitMjy.— fZi 
tinanca  by  the  Chtmcetlor  tf  the  mKke^ 
verMtioH  an  Im&tia  4S^*-  M  hotkHaua 
saUitim  >if  Parliament,  .  . 


CHAP.     XIV. 

Proclamation  tf  Pean.'^IliiMiiuitioiu.— Death 
ratter. — Sauards  to  Dr.  Jemur—to  Mr. 
Hutchifuon.—CeUbration  qf  Mr.  Pitt's  Birt, 
a  nw  Parliammt.— Election— for  Not  ha 
nhuler,  and  MidiUetet.—D^y  n  the  rr-  «c 
,.  J^limiamaU,atAmtatsadaTt,tfL»rdW1mtw 
on  Uu  Partt  t^England  and  frwue^—Dittjom 
triet—Caasei  allied  on  t^lh  Sdet^—IAeoi 
Plot.— General  Bejtectioiu. 

C  H  A  P.     XV. 

4ffcars  of  Ireland— Retroipect^^-CdHta  rf  tht 
quiescence  of  the  Mi^onty  ^  Me  People  t 
SeMation  occasioned  ly  the  Change  of  M 
^  Lord  CornuralUs. — General  Eleetton—Ren 
o/"  Dhtiffection  in  the  &mth.—Pnyecled  Atlt 
^  TriatorM  to  Irelaiid-~-Mid  flench  Agents. 
Policy  of  AdmnistrtUion.— General  R^iclin 


CHAP.  ,  XVI. 
State  of  Europe  at  the  Conclvsum  of  the  Tret 
-^of  the  Emperor  Alexander — Austria — Pr 
Europe.-— Affairs  of  France. — Separate  Coiwe 
and  Batiaiia,  in  Fiolation  of  tlu  Sjnrit  if 
Tunis  submits  to  France.— 'DLsatisfactions  n 
Republic  of  the  Seven  Islet. '—PutUeatian  of 
Arrangements  respecting  Reii^on.-^Catkolie  J 
— Ceremonies  thereat.— Act  of  Amnesty  in  1 
—Reelection  of  the  First  Consul  for  Ten  Te 
•  cess  at  St,  Domingo,— Great  Power  and  Don, 


CONTENTS. 


CHAP.     XIX.  ,,.     ^, 

Conlimiation  of  French  4ff'airs.~Legkm  of  Honour  vutituted. — GomlftulSM 
— Joseph  Bonaparte  elected  Grand  Officer  thereof. — New  OauHiuiioit 
of  France— accepted. — SUuatum  of  Bonaparti — and  of  the  CoBtinent. 
— Austria. — Journey  of  the  Emperor  to  Preaturg. — Diet  tf  Pret- 
barg. — Poland — Ihslurhance  at  Wicrsaw. — Ttaly — ^^g  ef  Etruria — 
Misanderstanding  between  his  M<^esty  and  Bonaparfi. — SartSma — Ah&^ 
cation  of  the  King  in  favour  of  his  Brother. — Lieurian  RepubUc, — Nt^bt. 
~-Spain. — Treaty  with  Russia. — Seixitrt\>f  the  Properhf  o/"*Ae  Kiaghts 
1^  MaUa.— Journey  ta  BareeUma. — Interview  between  the  Emperor  iff 
Ru<!sia  and  King  of  Prussia  at  Memel. — Tarkish  Em^re.—New  Re- 
public of  the  nii'ii'  rn^aiii  Indemnities.— Russian  Interference.'-' 
Rupture  threatened  respecting  Passatt—Plan  accepted— Coniideralifnt 
thereon.— Sweden  mnd  Denmark.— 'BatavitM  RepuMic.  ,  }43 


CHAP.     XX. 
British  Cohmes.— Sierra  Leona — Institution  of  tM  Oim^a»v^Afr«ft(o 
tion  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Negroes — their  iil  Conduct,  and  fatal  dmte- 
guenres — capturedby  the  French — growing Prospaity— State  »  179^— 
Maroons  introduced— ReletlUnt  tf  the  Nova  Scotia  Stttiers—asmted'bjf  ^ 
the  Natives — Conflict  and  Truce — probable  Consequences. -^Irnvrredum 
of  the  Negroes  in  Tobago — suppressed. — Raioli  of , the  Black  Tnopil  m 
Dotnbtica— complete  Discon^ure  (^  the  Rmolters.^Jamaiair—iikM~ 
tage  of  the  Governor   to  the  House  of  Assembly',  praying  ni  EtlO' 
ibshment  of  5000  men — refuseiL'-Reasons  assigned— fitrtiur  Dijfmtei'. 
—America — Message  from  Uhe  President   to   Congrett—Rediuitoit  of 
the  Taxes.— Effect  of  the  Peace  on  the  Commerce  i^  the  Statu,  and 
tjf  the  Cession  of  Louisiana  to  FratKe.—Negotiatie~-  "'    "-  -     "--** 
less, — Depot  at  New  Orleans  interdicted  ly  Spain, 
Anurican  Nation— probable  Consequemxs. 


CHAP,  XXI. 
Affairt  of  India.— Private  Trade. — Progress  tf  the 
Lucknow—Consegtieiiea. — Deposition  of  (he  Ndboi 
Itistallation  of  Arcem  ul  Dowlah  on  the  Mustaid 
tents  in  Maialar. — Divisions  of  the  Mahrattas.— 
ratta  War. — Return  of  the  Indian  Army  from  E 
to  them. — General  Reflections -^and  Omclusimi. 


Jiir/hi  h  Ike  ] 
Marriages 
Promotions 
Death 
Sheriff's  appoir, 


Official  teller 

the  ceded  Di 

1S02,  Cam 

London  Ga%eli 

Lomim  Gaxet 

Londmi  Oaxet. 

An  Account  <y 

into  Great  . 


Jannani  lai 
Ym,  mw. 
get  her  with 
All  Account  oj 
otherwise;  . 
which  such 

At  count  of 

in  Reuersim, 
An  Account  oj 

Years  endiu 
Estimated  Am 

liament  in  I 
An  Account  oj 

CnrHwall,  i 

Hi,;,.,,,,  a 

iiiuntersigne 
of  suck  7fm 
if  Aug.  17s 
0/' the  said 
lated  to  the 
It'port  of  lite 
Li.'/  of  the 
United  Kini 


CONTENTS. 

Extract  from  the  Trial  of  the)Muii§eers  on  hoard  the  Bantry  Bay  Squadron, 

hf  a  N(waf  Cmrt  Martial,  held  on  board  the  Gladiator,  in  Portsmouth 

Harl'our  .....         553 

Trial  <f  Governor  Wall,  ly  a  Special  Commission,  directed  to  the  Chief 

Bavm  Mnidonald,  Judges  Rooke  and  Lawrence,  and  the  Recorder,  ai 

the  Old  Bailey  '    .  .  .  .  .         560 

Particulars  of  the  wilfully  casting  away  of  the  Brig  Adventure,  for  the 

Purpose   of  defrauding  the  Underwriters,  for  which  Richard  CodUn^^ 

her  Ct'ptuin ;  John    Reid,  Supercargo ;  and  George  Easter  by  and  Wtl" 

lia     Ala  c  far  lane,  Owners  of  the  said  Brig,  were  tried  at  an  Admiralty 

Sf<sions,  at  the  Old  Bailey     .....         568 

Geit.o.i  Hill  <f  Chmtenings  and  Burials,  from  Decemher  1801  to  De- 

::'tnl'er  1802  .  .  .  .  .         571 

Avt^  J  ^e  Prices  ff  Grain  for  the  Year  1802  .  :  *        5J2 

Priciiof  Stock  for  the  Year  1802  .  .  .  '.         573 

Sii'':filies  granted  hy  Parliament  for  the  Year  \Wl  •  .         574 

Tax.s  imposed  in  the  Year  1802  .  .  .  •         590 

A  List  of  the  Public  Bills  which  received  the  Royal  Assent  in  the  Course 

of  the  Second  Session  of  the  First  Parliament  cf  the  United  Kingdom^  of 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland        .  .  •  .  •        591- 

MeteorologicalJourfial  •  •  •    -  •         603 


STATE  PAPERS. 

Message  from  his  Majesty  to  the  House  of  Commons,  Feb,  15      .        604 

The  lifcey  April  27  .  .  .  .  .  i^. 

His  Majesty  s  Speech  to   loth  Houses  of  Parliament,  at  the  Close  of  the 

Second  Session  of  the  Imperial  Parliament,  yune  28  •  ik* 

Lords  Protest  against  the  passing  of  the  Malt  Bill         ,  •         605 

Message  from  his  Majesty  to  the  House  of  Commons,  June  1 1      .         606 

His  Majesty's  Speech  to  both  Houses ^  on  opening  the  Third  Session  of  the 

Imperial  Parliament,  November  23     .  .  .  .         507 

Definitive  Treaty  of  Peace  between  the  French  Republic,  his  Mcgesty  the 

King  of  Spain  and  the  Indies,  and  the  Batavian  Republic  (on  the  one^ 

Part);  and  his  Majesty,   the  King  of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great 

Britain  and  Ireland  (on  the  other  Far tj.  .  .  .         608 

Separate  Article  to  the  Definitive  Treaty,  added  thereto,  March  27         6 14 

Separate  Convention  between  France  and  the  Batavian  Republic,  explana* 

tory  of  the  ISth  Article  of  the  D^nitkfc  Treaty  between  France,  Spain, 

and  Holland,  on  the  one  Part,  and  Great  Britain  on  the  other  Part     ib. 

Proclamation  by  the  King  ....         6l5 

The  like,  declaring  the  Conclusion  of  the  War  .  .•  iJb, 

Extract  of  a  Letter  from  his  ExceUency  Lord  St.  Helen's  to  the  Right  Hon, 

Lord  Hawkeshury,  dated  Peter shurgh,  April  2  ^  .  ib» 

Convention 


/ 


CONTENTS. 

//  Pmvns  if  the  Empire  for  the  Deputation,  charged  with  the  Discussion 
f  the  Points  which  remain  yet  to  be  regulated  for  the  Fulfilment  of  the 
Peace         .  .  •  .  .  .         65'6 

port  made  to  the  First  Consul  of  France,  in  the  Senate,  ly  the  Minister 
for  Foreign  Affairs,  Sitting  of  Saturday  the  21  st  of  August  1802,  stating 
the  Condusum  on  the  German  Indemnities         ,  ,  ,  ih. 

>te  of  Baron  dc  Hugel,  Plenipotentiary  of  his  Imperial  Majesty,  addressed 
to  C.  Laforet,  Minister  Extraordinary  of  the  French  Republic  .  662 
)te  addressed  ly  the  Imperial  Plenipotentiary  to  the  Deputation,  informing 
them  of  his  Accession  to  the  Conclu^ums  of  the  \6th  .  .  664 
ifinitive  Condusum  adopted  by  the  Deputation  of  the  Diet  ofRatisbon,  on 
the  2lst  of  October  180!^^  and  the  Opinion  of  Austria  on  the  general 
Plan  of  Indemnities  .  ....         ^5 

}te  presented  at  the  Diet  of  Ratisbon,  on  the  25th  oj  October,  by  Baron 
Bild,  the  Swedish  Deputy  for  Anterior  Pomerania       .  .         Q6y 

al  Patent   Ordi?iance  relative  to   the  Occupation  of  the  Bishopric  of 
Osnaburgh,  published  in  that  Bhhopric  ,  .  .         66^ 

le  Deputies  of  all  the  Communes  in  the  three  Cantons  of  Uri,  Schwitz,  and 
Under w aid,  to    Citizen    Feruinc^c,  Minister  of  the  French  Republic  iH 
Switzerland  .  .  .  .  ,  ib. 

^presentation  of  the  Lesser  Ca?itons  of  Switxi^rland  to  the  First  Consul^ 
on  the  Subject  of  the  Evaaiation  of  Helvetia  .  .         66Qi 

mvention  concluded  between  the  Muni(:ipaHty  of  Zurich  and  the  Com" 
missary  of  (he  Helvetic  Government  .  ,  .  ih, 

)jivention  between  the  Helvetic  Troops  at  Berne  and  the  Insurgents  besieging 
the  Town         .  ...  .  .  .         670 

maparte,  First  Consul  of  the  French  Republic,  President  of  the  Italian  Re- 
public, to  the  Eighteen  Cantons  of  the  Helvetic  Republic,  Sept.  30     67 \ 
fiswer  of  the  Diet  of  Schwitz  to  the  Proclamation  of  Bonaparti        672 
'ate  Paper,  October  g  ,  ,  ,  .  ,         67Z 

ote  verbale  ...  ^  .  ,         674 

ispatch  from  Lord  Hawkesbury  to  Mr-  Moore,  October  10        .         67S 
rodamation  of  the  Council  of  War  of  the  Swiss  League  to  their  Brother^ 
in  Arms,   October  12  .  ,  .  .  ^677 

ispatch  from  Mr.  Moore  to  Lord  Hawkesbury,   Oct,  3\  .         678^ 

hte  addressed  by  the  Diet  of  Schwitz  to  General  Nay,  October  26  ih^ 

rodamation  to  the  Helvetic  People,  from  the  Goifemment  of  Helvetia  679 
ispatch  from  Lord  Hawkesbury  to  Mr.  Moore,  November  25     .         6S\ 
he  General  in  Chief  to  the  Minister  of  the  Marine,  Feb.  9  ,  ih, 

he  like,  Feb.  9  .  .  .  .  .         684 

he  like,  Feb.  27         .  .  .  .  ,  ih. 

imiral    FUlaret    Joyeuse    to  the   French  Minister  of  the  Marine  and 

Colonies,  March  6  .  •  .  .  .         689 

opy  of  a  Letter  from  Admiral  Sir  John  Thomas  Duckworth,  Commander 

on  the  Jamaka  Siatio?i,  to  yldmiral  Villaret  Joyeuse,   dt    the    Cape, 

Feb.   1<)  ^  .  .  .  .  .  .  ib, 

PrQclamfLtioVi 


Prodamntion  c 

Dnniingo 
The  General  m 

Marine  and 
The  Same  to  ti 
Extract  of  a  It 

of  Marine, 
Speech  of  his 

to  the  Gener 
Message  from 

of  Asserabh 
Proceet&tigs  of 
Message  from 

ofAssemUs 
Proceedings  oj 
Message  of  t 

gress,  iiic. 


Charaeier  of 

Dr.  miVm 

Particulars  o, 

fissor  Dug. 

Sketch  of  Ike 

Account  of  th 

Account  of  th 

Ofthf  exterui 

Account  of  t'l 

ing,  used  I 

Manners  ani 

Some  Partic, 


Account  of  I 

Account  of  I 
Account '^'Ih 
Account  of  I 

BuUey 
An  ALCOUnt 


CONTENTS. 


USEFUL  PROJECTS. 

JAst  of  Patents  for  new  Inventions,  granted  in  the  Year  1802  .  .771 
Account  of  the  Manufacture  of  Porcelain  at  Derby,     From  Britton  and 

Bray  ley's  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales     .  .  ,  77S 

On   the  destructive  Effects  of  the  Aphis  and  Blights  on  Fruit  Trees;  tuith 

nstful  Observations  for  preventing  them.     By  Thomas  Andrew  Knight, 

Esq.  of  Elton,  near  Ludlow     .  .  .  .  ,         ySl 

Method  of  preserving  fresh  Water  sweet  during  long  Voyages,  by  Samuel 

Benthavi,  Esq.  ,  ,  .  .  .         JSS 

Account  of  a  Diving  Boat  •  .  .  .         7^^ 


ANTIQUITIES. 

Account  of  the  Establishment  of  regular  Theatres  in  England,  from  their 

earliest  Period  to  the  Death  of  Queen  Elizabeth  ,  ,         JSS 

Account  of  Haddon  Hall,  in  Derbyshire,  by  Britton  and  Bray  ley  792 

Description  of  Jerusalem  and  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  by  Whitman      .         79^ 

Description  of  Aiitiquities  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Alexandria,  with  a  par-' 

ticular  Account  of  Cleopatra's  Needle,  and  of  Pompey's  Pillar,     By  Sir 

R.  IVilson  .  .  .  .     •  .         801 

Description  of  Pompey*s  Pillar   and  Cleopatrds   Needle*     By   Captain 

JValsh  ,  .  .  .  •         805 


MISCELLANEOUS  ESSAYS. 

On  the  Atrocities  of  Bonaparti  in  Syria  and  Egypt.  By  Sir  R,  Wilson  807 

Narrative  of  the  Mcnch  of  the  Indian  Army  destined  to  coopercUe  with 

the  English  Army  in  Egypt,  from  Cossir  by  the  Route  of  Kinneh,  across 

the  Desert.     By  Sir  R.  Uilson  .  .  .         810 

A  true  Narrative  of  the  melancholy  Situation  of  his  M(yesty*s  Store  Ship, 
Chichester,  of  44  Guns,  Capt.  Steven,  on  her  Passage  from  Jamaica  to 
Halifax y  Nova  Scotia,  in  the  Months  of  October  and  November  1802 
(never  publisfiedj  ,  ,  .  ,814 

Letter  fro  fn  Edmund  Burke  to  Col.  Falianey  (never  published)  820 


POETRY. 

Ode  for  the  New  Year,  hy  H.  J.  Pye,  Esq.  Poet  Idtureat     .        •         822 

Ode  for  his  Majesty's  Birth  Day,  by  the  same  ,  .    '     823 

Prologue  to  the  First  Part  of  Shakespeare* s  Htnry  the  Fourth,  spoken  by 

Mr.  Stephen  Kemble  ,  .  ,  ,  ,    .     825 

2  Prologue 


Prologue  to  Uriana 
Ode  by  the  late  Hot 
Lines  recited  at  the 
Song,  upon  the  sam 
Lochid's  Ifaming. 

sures  of  Hope." 
The  Beech  Tree's  P 
Hohenlindm.  By 
Extract  from  "  Thi 
Speech  of  the  Host's 
tf^ar  Song  of  the  1 

Esq. 
The  Mermaid.     Bj, 
The  Eighth  Lectur 

Guide,"  attril-ut 
The  Dying  Bought 
Song,  (from,  the  A 


History  of  the   Brt 

Travels  through  St 

Years  lygS  and 

The  Pleasures  of  I.